1
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Chen Z, Liu J, Liu J, Bao P, He H, Xia H, Zhang W. Unraveling origin of chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of iridium‐catalyzed B(4)–H functionalization of
o
‐carborane by alkyne. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Panpan Bao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hailing He
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hui Xia
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources CAGS Zhengzhou China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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2
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Quinson J. Osmium and OsO x nanoparticles: an overview of syntheses and applications. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 2:39. [PMID: 37645302 PMCID: PMC10446100 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14595.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Precious metal nanoparticles are key for a range of applications ranging from catalysis and sensing to medicine. While gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have been widely studied, other precious metals are less investigated. Osmium (Os) is one of the least studied of the precious metals. However, Os nanoparticles are interesting materials since they present unique features compared to other precious metals and Os nanomaterials have been reported to be useful for a range of applications, catalysis or sensing for instance. With the increasing availability of advanced characterization techniques, investigating the properties of relatively small Os nanoparticles and clusters has become easier and it can be expected that our knowledge on Os nanomaterials will increase in the coming years. This review aims to give an overview on Os and Os oxide materials syntheses and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Liu J, Fu D, Chen Z, Li T, Qu LB, Li SJ, Zhang W, Lan Y. Regioselectivity of Pd-catalyzed o-carborane arylation: a theoretical view. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
B(3)-Arylation is unfavorable because the steric repulsion between the substituent group on C(2) and the metal moiety would lead to significant distortion of o-carborane and would result in a higher activation energy for reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zitong Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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4
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Carter OWL, Xu Y, Sadler PJ. Minerals in biology and medicine. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1939-1951. [PMID: 35424161 PMCID: PMC8693805 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural minerals ('stone drugs') have been used in traditional Chinese medicines for over 2000 years, but there is potential for modern-day use of inorganic minerals to combat viral infections, antimicrobial resistance, and for other areas in need of new therapies and diagnostic aids. Metal and mineral surfaces on scales from milli-to nanometres, either natural or synthetic, are patterned or can be modified with hydrophilic/hydrophobic and ionic/covalent target-recognition sites. They introduce new strategies for medical applications. Such surfaces have novel properties compared to single metal centres. Moreover, 3D mineral particles (including hybrid organo-minerals) can have reactive cavities, and some minerals have dynamic movement of metal ions, anions, and other molecules within their structures. Minerals have a unique ability to interact with viruses, microbes and macro-biomolecules through multipoint ionic and/or non-covalent contacts, with potential for novel applications in therapy and biotechnology. Investigations of mineral deposits in biology, with their often inherent heterogeneity and tendency to become chemically-modified on isolation, are highly challenging, but new methods for their study, including in intact tissues, hold promise for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- MAS CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yingjian Xu
- GoldenKeys High-Tech Materials Co., Ltd, Building B, Innovation & Entrepreneurship Park Guian New Area Guizhou Province 550025 China
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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5
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Molefe T, Forbes RP, Coville NJ. Osmium@hollow Carbon Spheres as Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Azmanova M, Pitto-Barry A, Cooper PA, Shnyder SD, Barry NPE. Preclinical Anticancer Activity of an Electron-Deficient Organoruthenium(II) Complex. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:982-987. [PMID: 32237195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds have been shown to be promising alternatives to platinum(II) drugs. However, their clinical success depends on achieving mechanisms of action that overcome Pt-resistance mechanisms. Electron-deficient organoruthenium complexes are an understudied class of compounds that exhibit unusual reactivity in solution and might offer novel anticancer mechanisms of action. Here, we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of the electron-deficient organoruthenium complex [(p-cymene)Ru(maleonitriledithiolate)]. This compound is found to be highly cytotoxic: 5 to 60 times more potent than cisplatin towards ovarian (A2780 and A2780cisR), colon (HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/-), and non-small cell lung H460 cancer cell lines. It shows no cross-resistance and is equally cytotoxic to both A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines. Furthermore, unlike cisplatin, the remarkable in vitro antiproliferative activity of this compound appears to be p53-independent. In vivo evaluation in the hollow-fibre assay across a panel of cancer cell types and subcutaneous H460 non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model hints at the activity of the complex. Although the impressive in vitro data are not fully corroborated by the in vivo follow-up, this work is the first preclinical study of electron-deficient half-sandwich complexes and highlights their promise as anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Patricia A Cooper
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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7
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8
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Pitto‐Barry A, Barry NPE. Effect of Temperature on the Nucleation and Growth of Precious Metal Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto‐Barry
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesUniversity of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesUniversity of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
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9
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Pitto-Barry A, Barry NPE. Effect of Temperature on the Nucleation and Growth of Precious Metal Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18482-18486. [PMID: 31592560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of physical parameters (e.g., temperature) on crystallisation dynamics is of paramount importance for the synthesis of nanocrystals of well-defined sizes and geometries. However, imaging nucleation and growth is an experimental challenge owing to the resolution required and the kinetics involved. Here, by using an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we report the fabrication of precious metal nanocrystals from nuclei and the identification of the dynamics of their nucleation at three different temperatures (20, 50, and 100 °C). A fast, and apparently linear, acceleration of the growth rate is observed against increasing temperature (78.8, 117.7, and 176.5 pm min-1 , respectively). This work appears to be the first direct observation of the effect of temperature on the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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10
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Azmanova M, Soldevila-Barreda J, Bani Hani H, Lord RM, Pitto-Barry A, Picksley SM, Barry NPE. Anticancer Activity of Electron-Deficient Metal Complexes against Colorectal Cancer in vitro Models. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1887-1893. [PMID: 31545555 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of nine electron-deficient half-sandwich metal complexes towards two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53-/-) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) is presented herein. Three complexes were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both colorectal cancer cell lines, suggesting a p53-independent mechanism of action. These complexes are 12 to 34× more potent than cisplatin against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells. Furthermore, they were found to exhibit little or no cytotoxicity towards PNT2 normal cells, with selectivity ratios greater than 50. To gain an insight into the potential mechanisms of action of the most active compounds, their effects on the expression levels of a panel of genes were measured using qRT-PCR against treated HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cells, and cell-cycle analysis was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Joan Soldevila-Barreda
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Hira Bani Hani
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Rianne M Lord
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Steven M Picksley
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UK
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11
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Soleimani Zohr Shiri M, Henderson W, Mucalo MR. A Review of The Lesser-Studied Microemulsion-Based Synthesis Methodologies Used for Preparing Nanoparticle Systems of The Noble Metals, Os, Re, Ir and Rh. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1896. [PMID: 31212850 PMCID: PMC6631116 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the lesser-studied microemulsion synthesis methodologies of the following noble metal colloid systems (i.e., Os, Re, Ir, and Rh) using either a normal or reverse micelle templating system. The aim is to demonstrate the utility and potential of using this microemulsion-based approach to synthesize these noble metal nanoparticle systems. Firstly, some fundamentals and important factors of the microemulsion synthesis methodology are introduced. Afterward, a review of the investigations on the microemulsion syntheses of Os, Re, Ir, and Rh nanoparticle (NP) systems (in all forms, viz., metallic, oxide, mixed-metal, and discrete molecular complexes) is presented for work published in the last ten years. The chosen noble metals are traditionally very reactive in nanosized dimensions and have a strong tendency to aggregate when prepared via other methods. Also, the particle size and particle size distribution of these colloids can have a significant impact on their catalytic performance. It is shown that the microemulsion approach has the capability to better stabilize these metal colloids and can control the size of the synthesized NPs. This generally leads to smaller particles and higher catalytic activity when they are tested in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Henderson
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Michael R Mucalo
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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12
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Pitto-Barry A, Barry NPE. Influence of boron doping on the dynamics of formation of Os metal nanoclusters on graphitic surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6038-6041. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01974j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented metal–boron interactions within nanomaterials and insights into the role of doping heteroatoms in nucleation processes are reported herein.
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13
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Banerjee S, Omlor A, Wolny JA, Han Y, Lermyte F, Godfrey AE, O'Connor PB, Schünemann V, Danaie M, Sadler PJ. Generation of maghemite nanocrystals from iron–sulfur centres. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9564-9569. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam induced generation of maghemite nanocrystals from polymer-encapsulated iron–sulfur centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - Andreas Omlor
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Juliusz A. Wolny
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Yisong Han
- Department of Physics
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7Al
- UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Engineering
| | - Amy E. Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | | | - Volker Schünemann
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Mohsen Danaie
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
- electron Physical Science Imaging Centre (ePSIC)
- Harwell Science & Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- Oxfordshire OX11 0DE
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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14
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Comparison of atomic scale dynamics for the middle and late transition metal nanocatalysts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3382. [PMID: 30139935 PMCID: PMC6107508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalysis of chemical reactions by nanosized clusters of transition metals holds the key to the provision of sustainable energy and materials. However, the atomistic behaviour of nanocatalysts still remains largely unknown due to uncertainties associated with the highly labile metal nanoclusters changing their structure during the reaction. In this study, we reveal and explore reactions of nm-sized clusters of 14 technologically important metals in carbon nano test tubes using time-series imaging by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy (TEM), employing the electron beam simultaneously as an imaging tool and stimulus of the reactions. Defect formation in nanotubes and growth of new structures promoted by metal nanoclusters enable the ranking of the different metals both in order of their bonding with carbon and their catalytic activity, showing significant variation across the Periodic Table of Elements. Metal nanoclusters exhibit complex dynamics shedding light on atomistic workings of nanocatalysts, with key features mirroring heterogeneous catalysis. The atomistic behaviour of nanocatalysts still remains largely unknown. Here, the authors reveal and explore reactions of nm-sized clusters of 14 technologically important metals in carbon nano test tubes using time-series imaging by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy.
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15
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Pitto-Barry A, Lupan A, Ellingford C, Attia AAA, Barry NPE. New Class of Hybrid Materials for Detection, Capture, and "On-Demand" Release of Carbon Monoxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13693-13701. [PMID: 29652472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is both a substance hazardous to health and a side product of a number of industrial processes, such as methanol steam reforming and large-scale oxidation reactions. The separation of CO from nitrogen (N2) in industrial processes is considered to be difficult because of the similarities of their electronic structures, sizes, and physicochemical properties (e.g., boiling points). Carbon monoxide is also a major poison in fuel cells because of its adsorption onto the active sites of the catalysts. It is therefore of the utmost economic importance to discover new materials that enable effective CO capture and release under mild conditions. However, methods to specifically absorb and easily release CO in the presence of contaminants, such as water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, at ambient temperature are not available. Here, we report the simple and versatile fabrication of a new class of hybrid materials that allows capture and release of carbon monoxide under mild conditions. We found that carborane-containing metal complexes encapsulated in networks made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) react with CO, even when immersed in water, leading to dramatic color and infrared signature changes. Furthermore, we found that the CO can be easily released from the materials by simply dipping the networks into an organic solvent for less than 1 min, at ambient temperature and pressure, which not only offers a straightforward recycling method, but also a new method for the "on-demand" release of carbon monoxide. We illustrated the utilization of the on-demand release of CO from the networks by carrying out a carbonylation reaction on an electron-deficient metal complex that led to the formation of the CO-adduct, with concomitant recycling of the gel. We anticipate that our sponge-like materials and scalable methodology will open up new avenues for the storage, transport, and controlled release of CO, the silent killer and a major industrial poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences , University of Bradford , Bradford BD7 1DP , United Kingdom
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică , Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai , Cluj-Napoca 400084 , Romania
| | - Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing , WMG , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Amr A A Attia
- Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică , Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai , Cluj-Napoca 400084 , Romania
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences , University of Bradford , Bradford BD7 1DP , United Kingdom
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16
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Wang HY, Qian Y, Wang FX, Habtemariam A, Mao ZW, Sadler PJ, Liu HK. Ruthenium(II)-Arene Metallacycles: Crystal Structures, Interaction with DNA, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; 210046, Jiang Su Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; 210046, Jiang Su Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275, Guang Dong Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275, Guang Dong Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; 210046, Jiang Su Nanjing P. R. China
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17
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Pitto-Barry A, Geraki K, Horbury MD, Stavros VG, Mosselmans JFW, Walton RI, Sadler PJ, Barry NPE. Controlled fabrication of osmium nanocrystals by electron, laser and microwave irradiation and characterisation by microfocus X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12898-12901. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmium nanocrystals are fabricatedvia3 methods and characterised by XAS, revealing different surface oxidation and metallicities depending on their fabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
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18
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Pitto-Barry A, Lupan A, Zegke M, Swift T, Attia AAA, Lord RM, Barry NPE. Pseudo electron-deficient organometallics: limited reactivity towards electron-donating ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15676-15683. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the unusual reactivity of a family of electron-deficient half-sandwich metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică
- Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Markus Zegke
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
| | - Thomas Swift
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
| | - Amr A. A. Attia
- Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică
- Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Rianne M. Lord
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
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19
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Zoberbier T, Chamberlain TW, Biskupek J, Suyetin M, Majouga AG, Besley E, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN. Investigation of the Interactions and Bonding between Carbon and Group VIII Metals at the Atomic Scale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1649-57. [PMID: 26848826 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nature and dynamics of bonding between Fe, Ru, Os, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is studied by aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM). The metals catalyze a wide variety of different transformations ranging from ejection of carbon atoms from the nanotube sidewall to the formation of hollow carbon shells or metal carbide within the SWNT, depending on the nature of the metal. The electron beam of AC-HRTEM serves the dual purpose of providing energy to the specimen and simultaneously enabling imaging of chemical transformations. Careful control of the electron beam parameters, energy, flux, and dose allowed direct comparison between the metals, demonstrating that their chemical reactions with SWNTs are determined by a balance between the cohesive energy of the metal particles and the strength of the metal-carbon σ- or π-bonds. The pathways of transformations of a given metal can be drastically changed by applying different electron energies (80, 40, or 20 keV), thus demonstrating AC-HRTEM as a new tool to direct and study chemical reactions. The understanding of interactions and bonding between SWNT and metals revealed by AC-HRTEM at the atomic level has important implications for nanotube-based electronic devices and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Zoberbier
- Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Mikhail Suyetin
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- National University of Science & Technology MISiS, Moscow, 119049, Russia
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20
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Pitto-Barry A, Sadler PJ, Barry NPE. Dynamics of formation of Ru, Os, Ir and Au metal nanocrystals on doped graphitic surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3895-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of precious metal (ruthenium, osmium, gold, and iridium) nanocrystals from single atoms has been studied in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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21
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Pitto-Barry A, South A, Rodger A, Barry NPE. The synthesis and unexpected solution chemistry of thermochromic carborane-containing osmium half-sandwich complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1763-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functionalisation of the 16-electron complex [Os(η6-p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (1) with a series of Lewis bases to give the corresponding 18-electron complexes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy South
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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22
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Romero-Canelón I, Phoenix B, Pitto-Barry A, Tran J, Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Kirby N, Green S, Sadler PJ, Barry NP. Arene ruthenium dithiolato–carborane complexes for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Barry NPE, Pitto-Barry A, Tran J, Spencer SF, Johansen AM, Sanchez AM, Dove AP, O’Reilly RK, Deeth RJ, Beanland R, Sadler PJ. Osmium Atoms and Os2 Molecules Move Faster on Selenium-Doped Compared to Sulfur-Doped Boronic Graphenic Surfaces. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015; 27:5100-5105. [PMID: 26525180 PMCID: PMC4613845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We deposited Os atoms on S- and Se-doped boronic graphenic surfaces by electron bombardment of micelles containing 16e complexes [Os(p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-diselenate/dithiolate)] encapsulated in a triblock copolymer. The surfaces were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy of energy filtered TEM (EFTEM). Os atoms moved ca. 26× faster on the B/Se surface compared to the B/S surface (233 ± 34 pm·s(-1) versus 8.9 ± 1.9 pm·s(-1)). Os atoms formed dimers with an average Os-Os distance of 0.284 ± 0.077 nm on the B/Se surface and 0.243 ± 0.059 nm on B/S, close to that in metallic Os. The Os2 molecules moved 0.83× and 0.65× more slowly than single Os atoms on B/S and B/Se surfaces, respectively, and again markedly faster (ca. 20×) on the B/Se surface (151 ± 45 pm·s(-1) versus 7.4 ± 2.8 pm·s(-1)). Os atom motion did not follow Brownian motion and appears to involve anchoring sites, probably S and Se atoms. The ability to control the atomic motion of metal atoms and molecules on surfaces has potential for exploitation in nanodevices of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P. E. Barry
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon
E. F. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M. Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Deeth
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Beanland
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Statistics, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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24
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Barry NPE, Pitto-Barry A, Romero-Canelón I, Tran J, Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Hands-Portman I, Smith CJ, Kirby N, Dove AP, O'Reilly RK, Sadler PJ. Precious metal carborane polymer nanoparticles: characterisation of micellar formulations and anticancer activity. Faraday Discuss 2015; 175:229-40. [PMID: 25270092 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the encapsulation of highly hydrophobic 16-electron organometallic ruthenium and osmium carborane complexes [Ru/Os(p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolate)] ( and ) in Pluronic® triblock copolymer P123 core-shell micelles. The spherical nanoparticles and , dispersed in water, were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS; diameter ca. 15 and 19 nm, respectively). Complexes and were highly active towards A2780 human ovarian cancer cells (IC(50) 0.17 and 2.50 μM, respectively) and the encapsulated complexes, as and nanoparticles, were less potent (IC(50) 6.69 μM and 117.5 μM, respectively), but more selective towards cancer cells compared to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P E Barry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Chamberlain TW, Biskupek J, Skowron ST, Bayliss PA, Bichoutskaia E, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN. Isotope substitution extends the lifetime of organic molecules in transmission electron microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:622-629. [PMID: 25208335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterisation of individual molecules by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is fundamentally limited by the element and electron energy-specific interactions of the material with the high energy electron beam. Here, the key mechanisms controlling the interactions between the e-beam and C-H bonds, present in all organic molecules, are examined, and the low atomic weight of hydrogen-resulting in its facile atomic displacement by the e-beam-is identified as the principal cause of the instability of individual organic molecules. It is demonstrated theoretically and proven experimentally that exchanging all hydrogen atoms within molecules with the deuterium isotope, and therefore doubling the atomic weight of the lightest atoms in the structure, leads to a more than two-fold increase in the stability of organic molecules in the e-beam. Substitution of H for D significantly reduces the amount of kinetic energy transferred from the e-beam to the atom (main factor contributing to stability) and also increases the barrier for bond dissociation, primarily due to the changes in the zero-point energy of the C-D vibration (minor factor). The extended lifetime of coronene-d12 , used as a model molecule, enables more precise analysis of the inter-molecular spacing and more accurate measurement of the molecular orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Chamberlain
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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26
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Pitto-Barry A, Perdigao LMA, Walker M, Lawrence J, Costantini G, Sadler PJ, Barry NPE. Synthesis and controlled growth of osmium nanoparticles by electron irradiation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20308-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Defined-size osmium nanoparticles (1.5–50 nm) were synthesized on a B- and S-doped turbostratic graphitic structure from an organometallic osmium complex encapsulated in self-spreading polymer micelles and characterised by (HR)TEM, AFM and XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - James Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | | | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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