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Edgecomb J, Nguyen DT, Tan S, Murugesan V, Johnson GE, Prabhakaran V. Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely-Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405846. [PMID: 38871656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular-level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely-defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single-entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state-of-the-art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well-defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Edgecomb
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Shuai Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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2
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Cabré MB, Schröder C, Pota F, de Oliveira MAC, Nolan H, Henderson L, Brazel L, Spurling D, Nicolosi V, Martinuz P, Longhi M, Amargianou F, Bärmann P, Petit T, McKelvey K, Colavita PE. Carbon Thin-Film Electrodes as High-Performing Substrates for Correlative Single Entity Electrochemistry. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400639. [PMID: 39155797 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Correlative methods to characterize single entities by electrochemistry and microscopy/spectroscopy are increasingly needed to elucidate structure-function relationships of nanomaterials. However, the technical constraints often differ depending on the characterization techniques to be applied in combination. One of the cornerstones of correlative single-entity electrochemistry (SEE) is the substrate, which needs to achieve a high conductivity, low roughness, and electrochemical inertness. This work shows that graphitized sputtered carbon thin films constitute excellent electrodes for SEE while enabling characterization with scanning probe, optical, electron, and X-ray microscopies. Three different correlative SEE experiments using nanoparticles, nanocubes, and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene materials are reported to illustrate the potential of using carbon thin film substrates for SEE characterization. The advantages and unique capabilities of SEE correlative strategies are further demonstrated by showing that electrochemically oxidized Ti3C2Tx MXene display changes in chemical bonding and electrolyte ion distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Pota
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | | | - Hugo Nolan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Lua Henderson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Laurence Brazel
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Dahnan Spurling
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Pietro Martinuz
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mariangela Longhi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Faidra Amargianou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialienund Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peer Bärmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialienund Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Petit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialienund Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim McKelvey
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Babar M, Viswanathan V. Modeling Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7371-7378. [PMID: 38995158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Twisted 2D-flat band materials host exotic quantum phenomena and novel moiré patterns, showing immense promise for advanced spintronic and quantum applications. Here, we evaluate the nanostructure-activity relationship in twisted bilayer graphene by modeling it under the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy setup to resolve its spatial moiré domains. We solve the steady state ion transport inside a 3D nanopipette to isolate the current response at AA and AB domains. Interfacial reaction rates are obtained from a modified Marcus-Hush-Chidsey theory combining input from a tight binding model that describes the electronic structure of bilayer graphene. High rates of redox exchange are observed at the AA domains, an effect that reduces with diminished flat bands or a larger cross-sectional area of the nanopipette. Using voltammograms, we identify an optimal voltage that maximizes the current difference between the domains. Our study lays down the framework to electrochemically capture prominent features of the band structure that arise from spatial domains and deformations in 2D flat-band materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Wang F, Zhang C, Wu F, He Z, Huang Y. Investigation of the Single-Particle Scale Structure-Activity Relationship Providing New Insights for the Development of High-Performance Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400683. [PMID: 38747891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and tools have increasingly high requirements for battery energy density and power density, constantly improving battery performance is a research focus. Accurate measurement of the structure-activity relationship of active materials is key to advancing the research of high-performance batteries. However, conventional performance tests of active materials are based on the electrochemical measurement of porous composite electrodes containing active materials, polymer binders, and conductive carbon additives, which cannot establish an accurate structure-activity relationship with the physical characterization of microregions. In this review, in order to promote the accurate measurement and understanding of the structure-activity relationship of materials, the electrochemical measurement and physical characterization of energy storage materials at single-particle scale are reviewed. The potential problems and possible improvement schemes of the single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization are proposed. Their potential applications in single particle electrochemical simulation and machine learning are prospected. This review aims to promote the further application of single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization in energy storage materials, hoping to achieve 3D unified evaluation of physical characterization, electrochemical measurement, and theoretical simulation at the single particle scale to provide new inspiration for the development of high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhichao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Ando S, Yamamoto E, Kobayashi M, Kumatani A, Osada M. Facile Synthesis of Pd Nanosheets and Implications for Superior Catalytic Activity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:461-469. [PMID: 37929939 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the 2D materials family, 2D metal nanosheets (metallenes) have received increasing attention due to their intriguing properties distinct from those of graphene and other inorganic 2D nanosheets. However, the synthesis of metallenes is still challenging, owing to the lack of an efficient synthetic approach. Here we present a facile one-pot approach to the controlled synthesis of Pd nanosheets. A key feature of this process is a stepwise reaction using 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl formate (TCPF); TCPF emits carbon monoxide gas, which acts as both a reductant and a surface capping agent, promoting the anisotropic 2D growth of the Pd nanosheets. Photoemission spectroscopy revealed some peculiar features of the surface charge and valence band states due to suppressed electron transfer at the 2D surface. This surface state caused improved catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to that of bulk Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiya Ando
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Institute of Engineering Innovation (IEI), School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) & Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Minoru Osada
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Research Center for Crystalline Materials Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Zheng Q, Zhuang J, Wang T, Liao X, Cheng L, Gu S. Investigating the effects of solution viscosity on the stability and success rate of SECCM imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 254:113843. [PMID: 37683562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the capability of simultaneously detecting the morphology and electrochemical information of samples and limiting the electrochemical reaction to a range approximately the size of the inner diameter of the pipette tip opening, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) enables higher precision local electrochemical measurement and surface material delivery and has been demonstrating unique advantages and broad application prospects. However, the meniscus droplet at the pipette tip of SECCM is equivalent to the opening radius of the pipette tip, which is usually tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The tiny meniscus droplet makes it susceptible to evaporation and crystallization, which increases the likelihood of the pipette colliding with the sample during the scanning process, resulting in the failure of scanning. In this paper, the influence of solution viscosity on the shape variation of the droplet at the tip during the movement of the pipette of SECCM was studied by finite element analysis. It is proved that the increase of solution viscosity is helpful in reducing the shape variation of the droplet at the tip during the movement of the pipette. Then scanning experiments were carried out using a flat Au substrate and Au substrates with rounded triangle and rounded rectangular convex structures as the samples. According to the experimental results, increasing solution viscosity improves scanning success rates and scanning quality and effectively lowers the MSE of the scanning results. The experimental results also show that SECCM can image at a higher speed when the solution's viscosity increases since the deformation of the droplet at the tip is less than with a typical solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Tianying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shengbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
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7
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Gao L, Han S, Ni H, Zhu J, Wang L, Gao S, Wang Y, Huang D, Zhao Y, Zou R. Application of neutron imaging in observing various states of matter inside lithium batteries. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad238. [PMID: 37854950 PMCID: PMC10581545 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium batteries have been essential technologies and become an integral part of our daily lives, powering a range of devices from phones to electric vehicles. To fully understand and optimize the performance of lithium batteries, it is necessary to investigate their internal states and processes through various characterization methods. Neutron imaging has been an indispensable complementary characterization technique to X-ray imaging or electron microscopy because of the unique interaction principle between neutrons and matter. It provides particular insights into the various states of matter inside lithium batteries, including the Li+ concentration in solid electrodes, the Li plating/stripping behavior of Li-metal anodes, the Li+ diffusion in solid ionic conductors, the distribution of liquid electrolytes and the generation of gases. This review aims to highlight the capabilities and advantages of neutron imaging in characterizing lithium batteries, as well as its current state of application in this field. Additionally, we discuss the potential of neutron imaging to contribute to the ongoing development of advanced batteries through its ability to visualize internal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songbai Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haijin Ni
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dubin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Lai Z, Liu M, Bi P, Huang F, Jin Y. Perspectives on Corrosion Studies Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Challenges and Opportunities. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15833-15850. [PMID: 37844123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) allows for electrochemical imaging at the micro- or nanoscale by confining the electrochemical reaction cell in a small meniscus formed at the end of a micro- or nanopipette. This technique has gained popularity in electrochemical imaging due to its high-throughput nature. Although it shows considerable application potential in corrosion science, there are still formidable and exciting challenges to be faced, particularly relating to the high-throughput characterization and analysis of microelectrochemical big data. The objective of this perspective is to arouse attention and provide opinions on the challenges, recent progress, and future prospects of the SECCM technique to the electrochemical society, particularly from the viewpoint of corrosion scientists. Specifically, four main topics are systematically reviewed and discussed: (1) the development of SECCM; (2) the applications of SECCM for corrosion studies; (3) the challenges of SECCM in corrosion studies; and (4) the opportunities of SECCM for corrosion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bi
- Laboratory for Nuclear Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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9
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Sun X, Liu S, Hu P, Sun S, Xie Z, Hu G, Hu D, Zhang M. Microscale Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Four Corrosion Inhibitors (BTA, MBI, MBT, and MBO) on Archeological Silver Artifacts Based on Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14686-14694. [PMID: 37713524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The problem of corrosion-induced discoloration and embrittlement in silverware is a significant concern for the long-term preservation of excavated archeological silver artifacts, even after thermal restoration. The key to addressing this issue lies in the meticulous selection and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors that possess targeted corrosion inhibition capabilities. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for archeological silver artifacts using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The researchers aimed to compare the inhibition effects of four corrosion inhibitors [1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO)] on a simulated Ag-Cu alloy sample and understand their mechanisms. The results showed that MBT exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher silver content due to its ability to form stable chelation structures with Ag(I). MBO exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher copper content due to its strong affinity with Cu(I). The targeted corrosion inhibition ability for the β-phase was ranked as MBO > BTA ≈ MBI > MBT, while for the α-phase the ranking was MBT > MBO > MBI > BTA. The study demonstrated the feasibility and capabilities of SECCM in the targeted screening of corrosion inhibitors for different compositions and microstructural regions in archeological metal artifacts. This study highlights the potential of SECCM in corrosion inhibitor research for archeological metal artifacts and wider applications in metal material corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengyu Liu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100020, China
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongbo Hu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Xu X, Martín-Yerga D, Grant NE, West G, Pain SL, Kang M, Walker M, Murphy JD, Unwin PR. Interfacial Chemistry Effects in the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Electrodes under Lithium-Ion Battery Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303442. [PMID: 37269212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and (de)lithiation phenomena at silicon (Si) electrodes is key to improving the performance and lifetime of Si-based lithium-ion batteries. However, these processes remain somewhat elusive, and, in particular, the role of Si surface termination merits further consideration. Here, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used in a glovebox, followed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) at identical locations to study the local electrochemical behavior and associated SEI formation, comparing Si (100) with a native oxide layer (SiOx /Si) and etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF-Si). HF-Si shows greater spatial electrochemical heterogeneity and inferior lithiation reversibility than SiOx /Si. This is attributed to a weakly passivating SEI and irreversible lithium trapping at the Si surface. Combinatorial screening of charge/discharge cycling by SECCM with co-located SIMS reveals SEI chemistry as a function of depth. While the SEI thickness is relatively independent of the cycle number, the chemistry - particularly in the intermediate layers - depends on the number of cycles, revealing the SEI to be dynamic during cycling. This work serves as a foundation for the use of correlative SECCM/SIMS as a powerful approach to gain fundamental insights on complex battery processes at the nano- and microscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Nicholas E Grant
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Geoff West
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sophie L Pain
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John D Murphy
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
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11
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Gao C, Li Y, Zhao J, Sun W, Guang S, Chen Q. Measuring the Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Individual V 2O 5 Particles by Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37392190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
V2O5 is a promising pseudocapacitive material for electrochemical energy storage with balanced power and energy density. Understanding the charge-storage mechanism is of significance to further improve the rate performance. Here, we report an electrochemical study of individual V2O5 particles using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with colocalized electron microscopy. A carbon sputtering procedure is proposed for the pristine V2O5 particles to improve their structure stability and electronic conductivity. The achieved high-quality electrochemical cyclic voltammetry results, structural integrity, and high oxidation to reduction charge ratio (as high as 97.74%) assured further quantitative analysis of the pseudocapacitive behavior of single particles and correlation with local particle structures. A broad range of capacitive contribution is revealed, with an average ratio of 76% at 1.0 V/s. This study provides new opportunities for quantitative analysis of the electrochemical charge-storage process at single particles, especially for electrode materials with electrolyte-induced instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shanyi Guang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Mishra A, Sarbapalli D, Rodríguez O, Rodríguez-López J. Electrochemical Imaging of Interfaces in Energy Storage via Scanning Probe Methods: Techniques, Applications, and Prospects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:93-115. [PMID: 37068746 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091422-110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing a deeper understanding of dynamic chemical, electronic, and morphological changes at interfaces is key to solving practical issues in electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs). To unravel this complexity, an assortment of tools with distinct capabilities and spatiotemporal resolutions have been used to creatively visualize interfacial processes as they occur. This review highlights how electrochemical scanning probe techniques (ESPTs) such as electrochemical atomic force microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning ion conductance microscopy, and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy are uniquely positioned to address these challenges in EESSs. We describe the operating principles of ESPTs, focusing on the inspection of interfacial structure and chemical processes involved in Li-ion batteries and beyond. We discuss current examples, performance limitations, and complementary ESPTs. Finally, we discuss prospects for imaging improvements and deep learning for automation. We foresee that ESPTs will play an enabling role in advancing EESSs as we transition to renewable energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiroop Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Dipobrato Sarbapalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Oliver Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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13
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Anderson KL, Edwards MA. Evaluating Analytical Expressions for Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM). Anal Chem 2023; 95:8258-8266. [PMID: 37191580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) maps the electrochemical activity of a surface with nanoscale resolution using an electrolyte-filled nanopipette. The meniscus at the end of the pipet is sequentially placed at an array of locations across the surface, forming a series of nanometric electrochemical cells where the current-voltage response is measured. Quantitative interpretation of these responses typically employs numerical modeling to solve the coupled equations of transport and electron transfer, which require costly software or self-written code. Expertise and time are required to build and solve numerical models, which must be rerun for each new experiment. In contrast, algebraic expressions directly relate the current response to physical parameters. They are simpler to use, faster to calculate, and can provide greater insight but frequently require simplifying assumptions. In this work, we provide algebraic expressions for current and concentration distributions in SECCM experiments, which are formulated by approximating the pipet and meniscus using 1-D spherical coordinates. Expressions for the current and concentration distributions as a function of experimental parameters and in various conditions (steady state and time dependent, diffusion limited, and including migration) all show excellent agreement with numerical simulations employing a full geometry. Uses of the analytical expressions include determination of expected currents in experiments and quantifying electron-transfer rate constants in SECCM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamsy Lerae Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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14
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Takahashi Y, Takamatsu D, Korchev Y, Fukuma T. Correlative Analysis of Ion-Concentration Profile and Surface Nanoscale Topography Changes Using Operando Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. JACS AU 2023; 3:1089-1099. [PMID: 37124299 PMCID: PMC10131198 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although various spectroscopic methods have been developed to capture ion-concentration profile changes, it is still difficult to visualize the ion-concentration profile and surface topographical changes simultaneously during the charging/discharging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To tackle this issue, we have developed an operando scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) method that can directly visualize an ion-concentration profile and surface topography using a SICM nanopipette while controlling the sample potential or current with a potentiostat for characterizing the polarization state during charging/discharging. Using operando SICM on the negative electrode (anode) of LIBs, we have characterized ion-concentration profile changes and the reversible volume changes related to the phase transition during cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge of the graphite anode. Operando SICM is a versatile technique that is likely to be of major value for evaluating the correlation between the electrolyte concentration profile and nanoscale surface topography changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Department
of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Daiko Takamatsu
- Center
for Exploratory Research, Research &
Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama-machi, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Yuri Korchev
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Division
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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15
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Dery S, Friedman B, Shema H, Gross E. Mechanistic Insights Gained by High Spatial Resolution Reactivity Mapping of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous (Electro)Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6003-6038. [PMID: 37037476 PMCID: PMC10176474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high spatial resolution microscopy and spectroscopy tools enabled reactivity analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts at previously unattainable resolution and sensitivity. These techniques revealed that catalytic entities are more heterogeneous than expected and local variations in reaction mechanism due to divergences in the nature of active sites, such as their atomic properties, distribution, and accessibility, occur both in homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts. In this review, we highlight recent insights in catalysis research that were attained by conducting high spatial resolution studies. The discussed case studies range from reactivity detection of single particles or single molecular catalysts, inter- and intraparticle communication analysis, and probing the influence of catalysts distribution and accessibility on the resulting reactivity. It is demonstrated that multiparticle and multisite reactivity analyses provide unique knowledge about reaction mechanism that could not have been attained by conducting ensemble-based, averaging, spectroscopy measurements. It is highlighted that the integration of spectroscopy and microscopy measurements under realistic reaction conditions will be essential to bridge the gap between model-system studies and real-world high spatial resolution reactivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Barak Friedman
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hadar Shema
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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16
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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17
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Inoue KI, Mao J, Okamoto R, Shibata Y, Song W, Ye S. Development of Line-Detected UV-Vis Absorption Microscope and Its Application to Quantitative Evaluation of Lithium Surface Reactivity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4550-4555. [PMID: 36826446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions in practical batteries occur in confined environments where anode and cathode electrodes are separated only by a thin separator. Therefore, their electrochemical behaviors may differ from those obtained in the conventional experimental cells, where the two electrodes (working and counter electrodes) are largely separated compared to the batteries. The spatial and temporal distributions of the chemical species in the vicinity of each electrode are highly expected to be determined for quantitatively understanding the phenomena in confined environments. In the present study, we developed a line-detected UV-vis absorption microscope that simultaneously measures space-resolved UV-vis absorption spectra. This novel technique has been successfully applied to evaluate the reactivities of the highly reactive lithium (Li) surfaces in organic electrolyte solutions under in situ conditions. The quantitative evaluations of the dissolution rate of Li and the diffusion constant of the product were successfully realized by analyzing the space- and time-resolved absorption spectra based on Fick's law of diffusion. The microscopic technique is expected to open the door to understanding the fundamental electrochemistry in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jianxin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rika Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wenbo Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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18
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Tetteh EB, Valavanis D, Daviddi E, Xu X, Santana Santos C, Ventosa E, Martín-Yerga D, Schuhmann W, Unwin PR. Fast Li-ion Storage and Dynamics in TiO 2 Nanoparticle Clusters Probed by Smart Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214493. [PMID: 36469735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anatase TiO2 is a promising material for Li-ion (Li+ ) batteries with fast charging capability. However, Li+ (de)intercalation dynamics in TiO2 remain elusive and reported diffusivities span many orders of magnitude. Here, we develop a smart protocol for scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with in situ optical microscopy (OM) to enable the high-throughput charge/discharge analysis of single TiO2 nanoparticle clusters. Directly probing active nanoparticles revealed that TiO2 with a size of ≈50 nm can store over 30 % of the theoretical capacity at an extremely fast charge/discharge rate of ≈100 C. This finding of fast Li+ storage in TiO2 particles strengthens its potential for fast-charging batteries. More generally, smart SECCM-OM should find wide applications for high-throughput electrochemical screening of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Batsa Tetteh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK.,Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
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19
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Tao B, McPherson IJ, Daviddi E, Bentley CL, Unwin PR. Multiscale Electrochemistry of Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn 2O 4): From Single Particles to Ensembles and Degrees of Electrolyte Wetting. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:1459-1471. [PMID: 36743391 PMCID: PMC9890564 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) facilitates single particle measurements of battery materials using voltammetry at fast scan rates (1 V s-1), providing detailed insight into intrinsic particle kinetics, otherwise obscured by matrix effects. Here, we elucidate the electrochemistry of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) particles, using a series of SECCM probes of graded size to determine the evolution of electrochemical characteristics from the single particle to ensemble level. Nanometer scale control over the SECCM meniscus cell position and height further allows the study of variable particle/substrate electrolyte wetting, including comparison of fully wetted particles (where contact is also made with the underlying glassy carbon substrate electrode) vs partly wetted particles. We find ensembles of LiMn2O4 particles show voltammograms with much larger peak separations than those of single particles. In addition, if the SECCM meniscus is brought into contact with the substrate electrode, such that the particle-support contact changes from dry to wet, a further dramatic increase in peak separation is observed. Finite element method modeling of the system reveals the importance of finite electronic conductivity of the particles, contact resistance, surface kinetics, particle size, and contact area with the electrode surface in determining the voltammetric waveshape at fast scan rates, while the responses are relatively insensitive to Li+ diffusion coefficients over a range of typical values. The simulation results explain the variability in voltammetric responses seen at the single particle level and reveal some of the key factors responsible for the evolution of the response, from ensemble, contact, and wetting perspectives. The variables and considerations explored herein are applicable to any single entity (nanoscale) electrochemical study involving low conductivity materials and should serve as a useful guide for further investigations of this type. Overall, this study highlights the potential of multiscale measurements, where wetting, electronic contact, and ionic contact can be varied independently, to inform the design of practical composite electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Tao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. McPherson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Daviddi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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20
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,
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21
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Meng E, Sun J, Huang Y. Synthesis and storage performance of rGO-modified LiFePO4 nanosheets with exposed (010) facet for lithium ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Morel A, Gallant D, Mauzeroll J. Controlling Surface Contact, Oxygen Transport, and Pitting of Surface Oxide via Single-Channel Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14603-14610. [PMID: 36214771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In single-channel scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, the applied potential during the approach of a micropipette to the substrate generates a transient current upon droplet contact with the substrate. Once the transient current exceeds a set threshold, the micropipette is automatically halted. Currently, the effect of the approach potential on the subsequent electrochemical measurements, such as the open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization, is considered to be inconsequential. Herein, we demonstrate that the applied approach potential does impact the extent of probe-to-substrate interaction and subsequent microscale electrochemical measurements on aluminum alloy AA7075-T73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 0B8 Quebec, Canada
| | - Alban Morel
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, Aluminum Technology Center, 501 University Blvd East, Saguenay, G7H 8C3 Quebec, Canada
| | - Danick Gallant
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, Aluminum Technology Center, 501 University Blvd East, Saguenay, G7H 8C3 Quebec, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 0B8 Quebec, Canada
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23
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Abstract
Understanding the structure-activity relationship at electrochemical interfaces is crucial in improving the performance of practical electrochemical devices, ranging from fuel cells, electrolyzers, and batteries to electrochemical sensors. However, functional electrochemical interfaces are often complex and contain various surface structures, creating heterogeneity in electrochemical activity. In this Perspective, we highlight the role of heterogeneity in electrochemistry, especially in the context of electrocatalysis. Current methods for revealing the heterogeneity at electrochemical interfaces, including nanoelectrochemistry tools and single-entity approaches, are discussed. Lastly, we provide perspectives on what one can learn by studying heterogeneity and how one can use heterogeneity to design more efficient electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyein Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heekwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Martín‐Yerga D, Milan DC, Xu X, Fernández‐Vidal J, Whalley L, Cowan AJ, Hardwick LJ, Unwin PR. Dynamics of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Silicon Electrodes Revealed by Combinatorial Electrochemical Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207184. [PMID: 35699678 PMCID: PMC9543478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Revealing how formation protocols influence the properties of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Si electrodes is key to developing the next generation of Li‐ion batteries. SEI understanding is, however, limited by the low‐throughput nature of conventional characterisation techniques. Herein, correlative scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and shell‐isolated nanoparticles for enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) are used for combinatorial screening of the SEI formation under a broad experimental space (20 sets of different conditions with several repeats). This novel approach reveals the heterogeneous nature and dynamics of the SEI electrochemical properties and chemical composition on Si electrodes, which evolve in a characteristic manner as a function of cycle number. Correlative SECCM/SHINERS has the potential to screen thousands of candidate experiments on a variety of battery materials to accelerate the optimization of SEI formation methods, a key bottleneck in battery manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín‐Yerga
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - David C. Milan
- Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Julia Fernández‐Vidal
- Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
| | - Laura Whalley
- Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- The Faraday Institution Quad One Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA UK
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25
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Li M, Wang Y, Blount B, Gordon E, Muñoz-Castañeda JA, Ye Z, Ren H. Stochastic Local Breakdown of Oxide Film on Ni from Identical-Location Imaging: One Single Site at a Time. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6313-6319. [PMID: 35877081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical breakdown of a metal oxide film can directly affect the performance of functional electrochemical devices. However, revealing the structural insight into the breakdown sites is challenging because of heterogeneity: different breakdown sites are spatially distributed over the surface. Herein, we combine scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with identical-location microscopies to reveal the heterogeneity in the breakdown of NiO film on Ni in a site-by-site manner. Local critical breakdown potential varies by ∼500 mV, corresponding to an excess energy of 0.02-0.12 J/m2. Correlative composition imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows Ni crystal grains with thinner NiO films are more resistant to breakdown. This high resistance is explained using classical nucleation theory, where the electrical energy is affected by the film thickness through the local interfacial capacitance. The correlative imaging approach overcomes the issue of heterogeneity, providing conclusive insight into the stability of the electrochemical interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brandon Blount
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emma Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | | | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Iwama T, Inoue KY, Shiku H. Fabrication of High-Density Vertical Closed Bipolar Electrode Arrays by Carbon Paste Filling Method for Two-Dimensional Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8857-8866. [PMID: 35700401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a carbon paste filling method was proposed as a simple strategy for fabricating high-density bipolar electrode (BPE) arrays for bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM). High spatiotemporal resolution imaging was achieved using the fabricated BPE array. BEM, which is an emerging microscopic system in recent years, achieves label-free and high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of molecular distributions using high-density BPE arrays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals. We devised a simple method to fabricate a BPE array by filling a porous plate with carbon paste and succeeded in fabricating a high-density BPE array (15 μm pitch). After a detailed observation of the surface of the BPE array using a scanning electron microscope, the basic electrochemical and ECL emission characteristics were evaluated using potassium ferricyanide solution as a sample solution. Moreover, inflow imaging of the sample molecules was conducted to evaluate the imaging ability of the prepared BPE array. In addition, Prussian Blue containing carbon ink was applied to the sample solution side of the BPE array to provide catalytic activity to hydrogen peroxide, and the quantification and inflow imaging of hydrogen peroxide by ECL signals was achieved. This simple fabrication method of the BPE array can accelerate the research and development of BEM. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide imaging by BEM is an important milestone for achieving bioimaging with high spatiotemporal resolution such as biomolecule imaging using enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kumi Y Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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27
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Martín-Yerga D, C. Milan D, Xu X, Fernández-Vidal J, Whalley L, Cowan AJ, Hardwick LJ, Unwin P. Dynamics of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Silicon Electrodes Revealed by Combinatorial Electrochemical Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín-Yerga
- University of Warwick Department of Chemistry Gibbet Hill Rd CV4 7AL Coventry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David C. Milan
- University of Liverpool Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry L69 7ZF Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- University of Warwick Department of Chemistry CV4 7AL Coventry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Julia Fernández-Vidal
- University of Liverpool Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry L69 7ZF Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Laura Whalley
- University of Liverpool Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry L69 7ZF Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- University of Liverpool Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry L69 7ZF UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- University of Liverpool Stephenson Institute of Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry L69 7ZF Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Patrick Unwin
- University of Warwick Chemistry University of Warwick CV4 7AL Coventry UNITED KINGDOM
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28
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Zeng Y, Gossage ZT, Sarbapalli D, Hui J, Rodríguez‐López J. Tracking Passivation and Cation Flux at Incipient Solid‐Electrolyte Interphases on Multi‐Layer Graphene using High Resolution Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- College of Materials and Chemistry Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials China Jiliang University No 258 Xueyuan St. Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Zachary T. Gossage
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Dipobrato Sarbapalli
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Jingshu Hui
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez‐López
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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29
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Makarova MV, Amano F, Nomura S, Tateishi C, Fukuma T, Takahashi Y, Korchev YE. Direct Electrochemical Visualization of the Orthogonal Charge Separation in Anatase Nanotube Photoanodes for Water Splitting. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Makarova
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Institute of Physics CAS, Na Slovance, 2, Prague 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiaki Amano
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinpei Nomura
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tateishi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuri E. Korchev
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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30
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Blount B, Juarez G, Wang Y, Ren H. iR drop in scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Faraday Discuss 2021; 233:149-162. [PMID: 34877955 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale electrochemical mapping techniques, e.g., scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), have been increasingly used to study the local electrochemistry in electrocatalysis. Its capability for local electrochemistry mapping helps to reveal the heterogeneity in the electrode kinetics and mechanisms, which are otherwise averaged out in ensemble measurements. Accurate determination of the electrode kinetics requires the careful assessment of the ohmic potential drop in the solution, i.e., the iR drop. Herein, the iR drop in SECCM experiments is assessed. We showed that the iR drop in single-barrel SECCM can be estimated using the solution conductivity and pipette geometry, or the mass transfer limiting current without the assumption of pipette geometry. For dual-barrel SECCM, we developed a method of measuring the solution resistance directly, which can be used to compensate for the iR drop and the potential shift in the experiments. These methods offer a convenient way to estimate and compensate for the iR drop in SECCM, allowing the more accurate measurement of local electrode kinetics for the determination of local mechanisms in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Blount
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Gabriel Juarez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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31
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Martín‐Yerga D, Kang M, Unwin PR. Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy in a Glovebox: Structure‐Activity Correlations in the Early Stages of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín‐Yerga
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA United Kingdom
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV47AL United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution Quad One, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0RA United Kingdom
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32
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Yamamoto T, Ando T, Kawabe Y, Fukuma T, Enomoto H, Nishijima Y, Matsui Y, Kanamura K, Takahashi Y. Characterization of the Depth of Discharge-Dependent Charge Transfer Resistance of a Single LiFePO 4 Particle. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14448-14453. [PMID: 34668693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The discharged state affects the charge transfer resistance of lithium-ion secondary batteries (LIBs), which is referred to as the depth of discharge (DOD). To understand the intrinsic charge/discharge property of LIBs, the DOD-dependent charge transfer resistance at the solid-liquid interface is required. However, in a general composite electrode, the conductive additive and organic polymeric binder are unevenly distributed, resulting in a complicated electron conduction/ion conduction path. As a result, estimating the DOD-dependent rate-determining factor of LIBs is difficult. In contrast, in micro/nanoscale electrochemical measurements, the primary or secondary particle is evaluated without using a conductive additive and providing an ideal mass transport condition. To control the DOD state of a single LiFePO4 active material and evaluate the DOD-dependent charge transfer kinetic parameters, we use scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), which uses a micropipette to form an electrochemical cell on a sample surface. The difference in charge transfer resistance at the solid-liquid interface depending on the DOD state and electrolyte solution could be confirmed using SECCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Ando
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawabe
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enomoto
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishijima
- Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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33
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Wu W, Jiang H, Qi Y, Fan W, Yan J, Liu Y, Huang W. Large‐Scale Synthesis of Functionalized Nanowires to Construct Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu‐Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen‐Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan‐Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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34
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Wu WT, Jiang H, Qi YT, Fan WT, Yan J, Liu YL, Huang WH. Large-Scale Synthesis of Functionalized Nanowires to Construct Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19337-19343. [PMID: 34121300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for one-pot and large-scale synthesis of functionalized core-shell nanowires (NWs) to high-efficiently construct single nanowire electrodes is proposed. Based on the polymerization reaction between 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and noble metal cations, manifold noble metal nanoparticles-polyEDOT (PEDOT) nanocomposites can be uniformly modified on the surface of any nonconductive NWs. This provides a facile and versatile approach to produce massive number of core-shell NWs with excellent conductivity, adjustable size, and well-designed properties. Nanoelectrodes manufactured with such core-shell NWs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical stability as well as favorable antifouling properties, which are demonstrated by in situ intracellular monitoring of biological molecules (nitric oxide) and unraveling its relevant unclear signaling pathway inside single living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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35
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Li Y, Morel A, Gallant D, Mauzeroll J. Ag + Interference from Ag/AgCl Wire Quasi-Reference Counter Electrode Inducing Corrosion Potential Shift in an Oil-Immersed Scanning Micropipette Contact Method Measurement. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9657-9662. [PMID: 34236831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative scanning micropipette contact method measurements are subject to the deleterious effects of reference electrode interference. The commonly used Ag/AgCl wire quasi-reference counter electrode in the miniaturized electrochemical cell of the scanning micropipette contact method was found to leak Ag+ into the electrolyte solution. The reduction of these Ag+ species at the working electrode surface generates a faradaic current, which significantly affects the low magnitude currents inherently measured in the scanning micropipette contact method. We demonstrate that, during the microscopic corrosion investigation of the AA7075-T73 alloy using the oil-immersed scanning micropipette contact method, the cathodic current was increased by the Ag+ reduction, resulting in positive shifts of corrosion potentials. The use of a leak-free Ag/AgCl electrode or an extended distance between the Ag/AgCl wire and micropipette tip droplet eliminated the Ag+ contamination, making it possible to measure accurate corrosion potentials during the oil-immersed scanning micropipette contact method measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alban Morel
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, Aluminum Technology Center, 501 University Blvd. East, Saguenay, Quebec G7H 8C3, Canada
| | - Danick Gallant
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, Aluminum Technology Center, 501 University Blvd. East, Saguenay, Quebec G7H 8C3, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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36
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Grall S, Alić I, Pavoni E, Awadein M, Fujii T, Müllegger S, Farina M, Clément N, Gramse G. Attoampere Nanoelectrochemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101253. [PMID: 34121314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical microscopy techniques have extended the understanding of surface chemistry to the micrometer and even sub-micrometer level. However, fundamental questions related to charge transport at the solid-electrolyte interface, such as catalytic reactions or operation of individual ion channels, require improved spatial resolutions down to the nanoscale. A prerequisite for single-molecule electrochemical sensitivity is the reliable detection of a few electrons per second, that is, currents in the atto-Ampere (10-18 A) range, 1000 times below today's electrochemical microscopes. This work reports local cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements at the solid-liquid interface on ferrocene self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with sub-atto-Ampere sensitivity and simultaneous spatial resolution < 80 nm. Such sensitivity is obtained through measurements of the charging of the local faradaic interface capacitance at GHz frequencies. Nanometer-scale details of different molecular organizations with a 19% packing density difference are resolved, with an extremely small dispersion of the molecular electrical properties. This is predicted previously based on weak electrostatic interactions between neighboring redox molecules in a SAM configuration. These results open new perspectives for nano-electrochemistry like the study of quantum mechanical resonance in complex molecules and a wide range of applications from electrochemical catalysis to biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grall
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Ivan Alić
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Mohamed Awadein
- Keysight Labs Austria, Keysight Technologies, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Teruo Fujii
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Stefan Müllegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid-State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Marco Farina
- Department of Information Engineering, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Nicolas Clément
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Georg Gramse
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4020, Austria
- Keysight Labs Austria, Keysight Technologies, Linz, 4020, Austria
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37
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Ando T, Asai K, Macpherson J, Einaga Y, Fukuma T, Takahashi Y. Nanoscale Reactivity Mapping of a Single-Crystal Boron-Doped Diamond Particle. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5831-5838. [PMID: 33783208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is most often grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in polycrystalline form, where the electrochemical response is averaged over the whole surface. Deconvoluting the impact of crystal orientation, surface termination, and boron-doped concentration on the electrochemical response is extremely challenging. To tackle this problem, we use CVD to grow isolated single-crystal microparticles of BDD with the crystal facets (100, square-shaped) and (111, triangle-shaped) exposed and combine with hopping mode scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (HM-SECCM) for electrochemical interrogation of the individual crystal faces (planar and nonplanar). Measurements are made on both hydrogen- (H-) and oxygen (O-)-terminated single-crystal facets with two different redox mediators, [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ and Fe(CN)64-/3-. Extraction of the half-wave potential from linear sweep and cyclic voltammetric experiments at all measurement (pixel) points shows unequivocally that electron transfer is faster at the H-terminated (111) surface than at the H-terminated (100) face, attributed to boron dopant differences. The most dramatic differences were seen for [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ when comparing the O-terminated (100) surface to the H-terminated (100) face. Removal of the H-surface conductivity layer and a potential-dependent density of states were thought to be responsible for the behavior observed. Finally, a bimodal distribution in the electrochemical activity on the as-grown H-terminated polycrystalline BDD electrode is attributed to the dominance of differently doped (100) and (111) facets in the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ando
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kai Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Julie Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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38
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Cashen C, Evans RC, Nilsson ZN, Sambur JB. Local Substrate Heterogeneity Influences Electrochemical Activity of TEM Grid-Supported Battery Particles. Front Chem 2021; 9:651248. [PMID: 33816440 PMCID: PMC8017160 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.651248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how particle size and morphology influence ion insertion dynamics is critical for a wide range of electrochemical applications including energy storage and electrochromic smart windows. One strategy to reveal such structure–property relationships is to perform ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanoparticles that have been cycled on TEM grid electrodes. One drawback of this approach is that images of some particles are correlated with the electrochemical response of the entire TEM grid electrode. The lack of one-to-one electrochemical-to-structural information complicates interpretation of genuine structure/property relationships. Developing high-throughput ex situ single particle-level analytical techniques that effectively link electrochemical behavior with structural properties could accelerate the discovery of critical structure-property relationships. Here, using Li-ion insertion in WO3 nanorods as a model system, we demonstrate a correlated optically-detected electrochemistry and TEM technique that measures electrochemical behavior of via many particles simultaneously without having to make electrical contacts to single particles on the TEM grid. This correlated optical-TEM approach can link particle structure with electrochemical behavior at the single particle-level. Our measurements revealed significant electrochemical activity heterogeneity among particles. Single particle activity correlated with distinct local mechanical or electrical properties of the amorphous carbon film of the TEM grid, leading to active and inactive particles. The results are significant for correlated electrochemical/TEM imaging studies that aim to reveal structure-property relationships using single particle-level imaging and ensemble-level electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cashen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - R Colby Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Zach N Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Justin B Sambur
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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39
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Tsujiguchi T, Kawabe Y, Jeong S, Ohto T, Kukunuri S, Kuramochi H, Takahashi Y, Nishiuchi T, Masuda H, Wakisaka M, Hu K, Elumalai G, Fujita JI, Ito Y. Acceleration of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate at the Sn/Reduced Graphene Oxide Interface. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsujiguchi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawabe
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Samuel Jeong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Suresh Kukunuri
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuramochi
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakisaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kailong Hu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ganesan Elumalai
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Fujita
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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40
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Liu Y, Jin C, Liu Y, Ruiz KH, Ren H, Fan Y, White HS, Chen Q. Visualization and Quantification of Electrochemical H 2 Bubble Nucleation at Pt, Au, and MoS 2 Substrates. ACS Sens 2021; 6:355-363. [PMID: 32449344 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic gas evolution is a significant phenomenon in many electrochemical technologies from water splitting, chloralkali process to fuel cells. Although it is known that gas evolution may substantially affect the ohmic resistance and mass transfer, studies focusing on the electrochemistry of individual bubbles are critical but also challenging. Here, we report an approach using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with a single channel pipet to quantitatively study individual gas bubble nucleation on different electrode substrates, including conventional polycrystalline Pt and Au films, as well as the most interesting two-dimensional semiconductor MoS2. Due to the confinement effect of the pipet, well-defined peak-shaped voltammetric features associated with single bubble nucleation and growth are consistently observed. From stochastic bubble nucleation measurement and finite element simulation, the surface H2 concentration corresponding to bubble nucleation is estimated to be ∼218, 137, and 157 mM, with critical nuclei contact angles of ∼156°, ∼161°, and ∼160° at polycrystalline Pt, Au, and MoS2 substrates, respectively. We further demonstrated the surface faceting at polycrystalline Pt is not specifically correlated with the bubble nucleation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Karla Hernandez Ruiz
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Yuchi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Henry S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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41
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Li Y, Morel A, Gallant D, Mauzeroll J. Oil-Immersed Scanning Micropipette Contact Method Enabling Long-term Corrosion Mapping. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12415-12422. [PMID: 32786459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the development of an oil-immersed scanning micropipette contact method, a variant of the scanning micropipette contact method, where a thin layer of oil wets the investigated substrate. The oil-immersed scanning micropipette contact method significantly increases the droplet stability, allowing for prolonged mapping and the use of highly evaporative saline solutions regardless of ambient humidity levels. This systematic mapping technique was used to conduct a detailed investigation of localized corrosion taking place at the surface of an AA7075-T73 aluminum alloy in a 3.5 wt % NaCl electrolyte solution, which is typically challenging in the conventional scanning micropipette contact method. Maps of corrosion potentials and corrosion currents extracted from potentiodynamic polarization curves showed good correlations with the chemical composition of surface features and known galvanic interactions at the microscale level. This demonstrates the viability of the oil-immersed scanning micropipette contact method and opens up the avenue to mechanistic corrosion investigations at the microscale level using aqueous solutions that are prone to evaporation under noncontrolled humidity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 0B8 Quebec, Canada
| | - Alban Morel
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd, Boucherville, J4B 6Y4 Quebec, Canada
| | - Danick Gallant
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Division of Transportation and Manufacturing, Aluminum Technology Center, National Research Council Canada, 501 University Blvd East, Saguenay, G7H 8C3 Quebec, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 0B8 Quebec, Canada
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42
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Takahashi Y, Yamashita T, Takamatsu D, Kumatani A, Fukuma T. Nanoscale kinetic imaging of lithium ion secondary battery materials using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9324-9327. [PMID: 32671368 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To visualize the electrochemical reactivity and obtain the diffusion coefficient of the anode of lithium-ion batteries, we used scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) in a glovebox. SECCM provided the facet-dependent diffusion coefficient on a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin-film electrode and detected the metastable crystal phase of LixFePO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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43
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Lemineur JF, Noël JM, Courty A, Ausserré D, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. In Situ Optical Monitoring of the Electrochemical Conversion of Dielectric Nanoparticles: From Multistep Charge Injection to Nanoparticle Motion. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7937-7946. [PMID: 32223242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By shortening solid-state diffusion times, the nanoscale size reduction of dielectric materials-such as ionic crystals-has fueled synthetic efforts toward their use as nanoparticles, NPs, in electrochemical storage and conversion cells. Meanwhile, there is a lack of strategies able to image the dynamics of such conversion, operando and at the single NP level. It is achieved here by optical microscopy for a model dielectric ionic nanocrystal, a silver halide NP. Rather than the classical core-shrinking mechanism often used to rationalize the complete electrochemical conversion and charge storage in NPs, an alternative mechanism is proposed here. Owing to its poor conductivity, the NP conversion proceeds to completion through the formation of multiple inclusions. The superlocalization of NP during such heterogeneous multiple-step conversion suggests the local release of ions, which propels the NP toward reacting sites enabling its full conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemineur
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, MONARIS, CNRS-UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexa Courty
- Sorbonne Université, MONARIS, CNRS-UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Ausserré
- Université du Maine, Institut des Matériaux et Molécules du Mans, CNRS-UMR 6283, Avenue O. Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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44
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Gao R, Edwards MA, Qiu Y, Barman K, White HS. Visualization of Hydrogen Evolution at Individual Platinum Nanoparticles at a Buried Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8890-8896. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin A. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yinghua Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koushik Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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45
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Alden SE, Siepser NP, Patterson JA, Jagdale GS, Choi M, Baker LA. Array Microcell Method (AMCM) for Serial Electroanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:1084-1091. [PMID: 36588586 PMCID: PMC9798888 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for electrochemical measurement and synthesis based on the combination of a mobile micropipette and a microelectrode array, which we term the array microcell method (AMCM). AMCM has the ability to address single electrodes within a microelectrode array (MEA) and provides a simple, low-cost format to enable versatile electrochemical measurements. In AMCM, a droplet at the tip of a movable micropipette (inner diameter of 50 μm) functions as an electrochemical cell, in which the electrode area is defined by a microelectrode of the array. We also report carbon MEAs that are well suited for AMCM and are fabricated from pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs). PPF-MEAs with nominal electrode diameters of 5.5 μm are characterized by AMCM, standard macroscale electrochemical methods, and finite element modeling. The versatility of AMCM is demonstrated by measurement of single Pt microparticles and by electrodeposition of shapecontrolled Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Alden
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Jacqueline A Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Gargi S Jagdale
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Myunghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
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46
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Takahashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Wang Z, Ito Y, Ota M, Ida H, Kumatani A, Miyazawa K, Fujita T, Shiku H, Korchev YE, Miyata Y, Fukuma T, Chen M, Matsue T. High-Resolution Electrochemical Mapping of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3601-3608. [PMID: 31777142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used to image and quantitatively analyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytically active sites of 1H-MoS2 nanosheets, MoS2 , and WS2 heteronanosheets. Using a 20 nm radius nanopipette and hopping mode scanning, the resolution of SECCM was beyond the optical microscopy limit and visualized a small triangular MoS2 nanosheet with a side length of ca. 130 nm. The electrochemical cell provides local cyclic voltammograms with a nanoscale spatial resolution for visualizing HER active sites as electrochemical images. The HER activity difference of edge, terrace, and heterojunction of MoS2 and WS2 were revealed. The SECCM imaging directly visualized the relationship of HER activity and number of MoS2 nanosheet layers and unveiled the heterogeneous aging state of MoS2 nanosheets. SECCM can be used for improving local HER activities by producing sulfur vacancies using electrochemical reaction at the selected region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, (PRESTO) (Japan), Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, (PRESTO) (Japan), Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1-509, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1-509, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Japan), Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1-509, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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47
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Takahashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Wang Z, Ito Y, Ota M, Ida H, Kumatani A, Miyazawa K, Fujita T, Shiku H, Korchev YE, Miyata Y, Fukuma T, Chen M, Matsue T. High‐Resolution Electrochemical Mapping of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, (PRESTO) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, (PRESTO) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Institute of Applied Physics Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1-509, Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Kochi University of Technology Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yuri E. Korchev
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
- Department of Medicine Imperial College London London W12 0NN UK
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI, WPI) Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1-509, Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-11-604, Aramaki Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1-509, Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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48
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Wang Y, Gordon E, Ren H. Mapping the Potential of Zero Charge and Electrocatalytic Activity of Metal-Electrolyte Interface via a Grain-by-Grain Approach. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2859-2865. [PMID: 31941268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potential of zero charge (PZC) is a fundamental quantity that dictates the structure of the electrical double layer. Studies using single crystals suggest a polycrystalline surface should display an inhomogeneous distribution of PZC and electric field, which directly affects the electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Herein, we demonstrate the direct mapping of local PZC using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). The potential-dependent charging current upon the formation of the microscopic electrode-electrolyte interface is used to determine the PZC. Using polycrystalline Pt as a model system, correlative SECCM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images show the dependence of PZC on the local crystal grain orientation. The electrocatalytic activity can be mapped from the same SECCM experiment via local voltammetry, which demonstrates the variation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity across Pt grains. The method reported here can be readily applied to study other electrochemical interfaces, providing rich correlative information on the surface property and electrocatalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - Emma Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
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49
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Highly [010]-oriented, gradient Co-doped LiMnPO4 with enhanced cycling stability as cathode for Li-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Heubner C, Langklotz U, Lämmel C, Schneider M, Michaelis A. Electrochemical single-particle measurements of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: Possibilities, insights and implications for future development. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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