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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, Linton YM. Novel clades of tick-borne pathogenic nairoviruses in Europe. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 121:105593. [PMID: 38636618 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Orthonairovirus genus (family Nairoviridae) include many tick-borne viruses of significant human and animal health impact, with several recently-documented pathogenic viruses lacking sufficient epidemiological information. We screened 215 adult ticks of seven species collected in Bulgaria, Georgia, Latvia and Poland for orthonairoviruses, followed by nanopore sequencing (NS) for genome characterization. Initial generic amplification revealed Sulina virus (SULV, Orthonairovirus sulinaense), for which an updated amplification assay was used, revealing an overall prevalence of 2.7% in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Latvia. Three complete and additional partial SULV genomes were generated, that consistently formed a separate, distinct clade with further intragroup divergence in the maximum likelihood analyses. Comparisons with previously described viruses from Romania exhibited similar genome topologies, albeit with divergent motifs and cleavage sites on the glycoprotein precursor. Preliminary evidence of recombination involving the S segment was documented, in addition to variations in predicted viral glycoproteins. Generic screening further identified Tacheng tick virus 1 (TCTV1, Orthonairovirus tachengense), with documented human infections, in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Poland, with a prevalence of 0.9%. Subsequent NS and assembly provided the first complete TCTV1 genome outside of China, where it was originally described. Phylogenetic analysis of virus genome segments revealed TCTV1-Poland as a discrete taxon within the TCTV1 cluster in the Orthonairovirus genus, representing a geographically segregated clade. Comparable genome topology with TCTV1 from China was observed, aside from minor variations in the M segment. Similar to SULV, TCTV1 exhibited several mismatches on previously described screening primer binding sites, likely to prevent amplification. These findings indicate presence of novel TCTV1 and SULV clades in Eastern Europe, confirming the expansion of orthonairoviruses with pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Nataliya Vaydayko
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
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Duan S, Li Z, Zhang X, Yu XJ. Novel betaherpesviruses and gammaherpesviruses in bats from central China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10651. [PMID: 38724545 PMCID: PMC11082138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that cause infections in animals and humans with a characteristic of latent infectious within specific tissues. Bats are natural hosts of variety human-infecting viruses and recently have been described as hosts for herpesviruses in several countries around the world. In this study we collected 140 insectivorous bats in the neighboring urban areas of Wuhan City, Hubei Province in the central China between 2020 and 2021. Nested PCR targeting the dpol gene sequence indicated that a total of 22 individuals (15.7% of the sample) tested positive for herpesvirus with 4 strains belonging to the genus Betaherpesvirus and the remaining 18 strains classified as Gammahersvirus. Furthermore, the herpesvirus prevalence in Rhinolophus pusillus was higher at 26.3%, compared to 8.4% in Myotis davidii. The RP701 strain from R. pusillus was the predominant gammaherpesvirus strain detected in bats, accounting for 94.4% (17/18) of all strains. The variations in γ-herpesviruses genomic sequences was evident in phylogenetic tree, where RP701 strain was clustered together with ruminant γ-herpesviruses, while MD704 strain formed a distinct clade with a hedgehog γ-herpesvirus. Four betaherpesviruses exclusively identified from M. davidii, with nucleotide identities ranging from 79.7 to 82.6% compared to known betaherpesviruses. Our study provided evidence that M. davidii can sever as natural host for β-herpesviruses, which extended the host species range. In conclusion, we found that bats from central China harbored novel β-herpesviruses and γ-herpesviruses which were phylogenetically related to ruminant γ-herpesvirus and hedgehog γ-herpesvirus. Our study indicates that bats are natural hosts of β- and γ-herpesviruses and further studies are needed to determine whether there is cross-species transmission of herpesviruses between bats and other animals, or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ariizumi T, Tabata K, Itakura Y, Kobayashi H, Hall WW, Sasaki M, Sawa H, Matsuno K, Orba Y. Establishment of a lethal mouse model of emerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012101. [PMID: 38502642 PMCID: PMC10980201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging tick-borne virus infections caused by orthonairoviruses (family Nairoviridae), which are genetically distinct from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, have been recently reported in East Asia. Here, we have established a mouse infection model using type-I/II interferon receptor-knockout mice (AG129 mice) both for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections and validation of antiviral agents using Yezo virus (YEZV), a novel orthonairovirus causing febrile illnesses associated with tick bites in Japan and China. YEZV-inoculated AG129 mice developed hepatitis with body weight loss and died by 6 days post infection. Blood biochemistry tests showed elevated liver enzyme levels, similar to YEZV-infected human patients. AG129 mice treated with favipiravir survived lethal YEZV infection, demonstrating the anti-YEZV effect of this drug. The present mouse model will help us better understand the pathogenicity of the emerging tick-borne orthonairoviruses and the development of specific antiviral agents for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ariizumi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Uemura K, Nobori H, Sato A, Toba S, Kusakabe S, Sasaki M, Tabata K, Matsuno K, Maeda N, Ito S, Tanaka M, Anraku Y, Kita S, Ishii M, Kanamitsu K, Orba Y, Matsuura Y, Hall WW, Sawa H, Kida H, Matsuda A, Maenaka K. 2-thiouridine is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside analogue against positive-strand RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304139120. [PMID: 37831739 PMCID: PMC10589713 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304139120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, over 1 million cases of newly emerging or re-emerging viral infections, specifically dengue virus (DENV), are known to occur annually. Because no virus-specific and fully effective treatments against these or many other viruses have been approved, there is an urgent need for novel, effective therapeutic agents. Here, we identified 2-thiouridine (s2U) as a broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside analogue that exhibited antiviral activity against several positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+) viruses, such as DENV, SARS-CoV-2, and its variants of concern, including the currently circulating Omicron subvariants. s2U inhibits RNA synthesis catalyzed by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby reducing viral RNA replication, which improved the survival rate of mice infected with DENV2 or SARS-CoV-2 in our animal models. Our findings demonstrate that s2U is a potential broad-spectrum antiviral agent not only against DENV and SARS-CoV-2 but other ssRNA+ viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Uemura
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakabe
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Maeda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Shiori Ito
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Mayu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishii
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, DublinD04, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
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Natural reservoir Rousettus aegyptiacus bat host model of orthonairovirus infection identifies potential zoonotic spillover mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20936. [PMID: 36463252 PMCID: PMC9719536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-pathogenic Kasokero virus (KASV; genus Orthonairovirus) has been isolated from the sera of Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs; Rousettus aegyptiacus) captured in Uganda and unengorged Ornithodoros (Reticulinasus) faini ticks collected from the rock crevices of ERB colonies in South Africa and Uganda. Although evidence suggests that KASV is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between O. (R.) faini ticks and ERBs with potential for incidental virus spillover to humans through the bite of an infected tick, the vertebrate reservoir status of ERBs for KASV has never been experimentally evaluated. Furthermore, the potential for bat-to-bat and bat-to-human transmission of KASV is unknown. Herein, we inoculate two groups of ERBs with KASV; one group of bats is serially sampled to assess viremia, oral, fecal, and urinary shedding and the second group of bats is serially euthanized to assess virus-tissue tropism. Throughout the study, none of the bats exhibit overt signs of clinical disease. Following the detection of high KASV loads of long duration in blood, oral, fecal, and urine specimens collected from ERBs in the serial sampling group, all bats seroconvert to KASV. ERBs from the serial euthanasia group exhibit high KASV loads indicative of virus replication in the skin at the inoculation site, spleen, and inguinal lymph node tissue, and histopathology and in situ hybridization reveal virus replication in the liver and self-limiting, KASV-induced lymphohistiocytic hepatitis. The results of this study suggest that ERBs are competent, natural vertebrate reservoir hosts for KASV that can sustain viremias of appropriate magnitude and duration to support virus maintenance through bat-tick-bat transmission cycles. Viral shedding data suggests that KASV might also be transmitted bat-to-bat and highlights the potential for KASV spillover to humans through contact with infectious oral secretions, feces, or urine.
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Zhang L, Peng Q, Gu XL, Su WQ, Cao XQ, Zhou CM, Qin XR, Han HJ, Yu XJ. Host specificity and genetic diversity of Bartonella in rodents and shrews from Eastern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3906-3916. [PMID: 36355627 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella are vector-borne gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria causing emerging infectious diseases worldwide, and two thirds of known Bartonella species are carried by rodents. We captured rodents, shrews and rodent ectoparasitic mites in rural areas of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China from 2012 to 2021 and used the animal spleen tissues for the PCR amplification of Bartonella gltA and rpoB genes. PCR showed 9.4% (40/425) rodents, and 5.1% (12/235) shrews were positive for Bartonella. Seven Bartonella species including three novel species were identified in five rodent species and one shrew species, indicating the abundance and genetic diversity of Bartonella in rodents and shrews. The infection rate of each Bartonella species in the animal species was as below: novel Candidatus Bartonella crocidura in shrews Crocidura lasiura (5.1%, 12/235); novel Candidatus Bartonella cricetuli in hamsters Tscherskia triton (20%, 9/45); novel Candidatus Bartonella muris in striped field mice Apodemus agrarius (4.2%, 7/168) and house mice Mus musculus (1.5%, 2/135); Bartonella fuyuanensis in striped field mice (8.9%, 15/168) and house mice (0.7%, 1/135); Bartonella rattimassiliensis and Bartonella tribocorum in brown rats Rattus norvegicus (6.7%, 3/45 and 4.2%, 2/45, respectively); Bartonella queenslandensis in Chinese white-bellied rat Niviventer confucianus (12.5%, 1/8). These results suggest that Bartonella infected a variety of rodent and shrew species with high infection rate, but each Bartonella specie is restricted to infect only one or a few genetically closely related rodent species. In addition, Candidatus Bartonella cricetuli, Candidatus Bartonella muris and Bartonella coopersplainsensis were found in chigger Walchia micropelta (33.3%, 3/9), and B. fuyuanensis were found in chigger Leptotrombidium intermedium (4.1%, 1/24), indicating chiggers may be reservoirs of Bartonella. In conclusion, abundant genetic diversified Bartonella species are found to infect rodents, shrews and chiggers, but each Bartonella species has a strict rodent animal host specificity; and chigger mites may play a role in Bartonella transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Freitas N, Legros V, Cosset FL. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe. C R Biol 2022; 345:17-36. [DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Liu A, Liang C, Liu J, Huang Y, Wang M, Wang L. Reactive Oxygen Species─Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles for Effective RNAi and Corneal Neovascularization Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17022-17031. [PMID: 35380773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a common disease that affects the vision ability of more than 1 million people annually. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery nanoparticle platforms are a promising therapeutic modality for CNV treatment. However, the efficient delivery of siRNA into cells and the effective release of siRNA from delivery vehicles in a particular cell type challenge effective RNAi clinical application for CNV suppression. This study reports the design of a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive lipid nanoparticle for siRNA delivery into corneal lesions for enhanced RNAi as a potential CNV treatment. We demonstrated that lipid nanoparticles could efficiently deliver siRNA into human umbilical vein endothelial cells and release siRNA for enhanced gene silencing by using the upregulated ROS of CNV to promote lipid nanoparticle degradation. Moreover, the subconjunctival injection of siRNA nanocomplexes into corneal lesions effectively knocked down vascular endothelial growth factor expression and suppressed CNV formation in an alkali burn model. Thus, we believe that the strategy of using ROS-responsive lipid nanoparticles for enhanced RNAi in CNV could be further extended to a promising clinical therapeutic approach to attenuate CNV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chunjing Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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9
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Sasaki M. [Investigation of viruses harbored by wild animals: toward pre-emptive measures against future zoonotic diseases]. Uirusu 2022; 72:79-86. [PMID: 37899234 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses are caused by pathogens transmitted from animals. To prepare mitigating measures against emerging zoonoses, it is imperative to identify animal reservoirs that carry potential pathogens and also elucidate the transmission routes of these pathogens. Under the continuous collaboration with counterparts from Zambia and Indonesia, we have so far identified various viruses in wild animals. Some of the identified viruses were phylogenetically distinct from known virus species and this finding led to approved new virus species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Our studies provided new insights into the divergence, natural hosts and lifecycle of viruses. Through the exploration and characterization of viruses in animals, we will endeavor to contribute to the existing knowledge on viral pathogens in wild animals. This is cardinal for evidence-based preemptive measures against future zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control,Hokkaido University
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10
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Sugimoto S, Suda Y, Nagata N, Fukushi S, Yoshikawa T, Kurosu T, Mizutani T, Saijo M, Shimojima M. Characterization of Keterah orthonairovirus and evaluation of therapeutic candidates against Keterah orthonairovirus infectious disease. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101834. [PMID: 34656945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The species Keterah orthonairovirus is a member of the genus Orthonairovirus. Few studies have focused on this species, and there remains no treatment for Issyk-Kul fever, an infectious disease caused by a Keterah orthonairovirus. This study was performed to characterize this species using two viruses, Issyk-Kul virus (ISKV) and Soft tick bunyavirus (STBV), in cell culture and type I interferon receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice and to evaluate the efficacy of serum transfusion using a mouse model of ISKV infection. The two viruses replicated in many kinds of mammal- and tick-derived cell lines but showed few different characteristics in tropism and antigenicity against anti-viral sera in cell culture. Neither virus caused clinical signs in wild-type mice, but both caused lethal infection in IFNAR-/- mice. ISKV caused more acute death than STBV in IFNAR-/- mice. In both viral infections in IFNAR-/- mice, macroscopic abnormalities were prominent in the liver. Similar levels of viral genome between ISKV- and STBV-infected IFNAR-/- mice were observed in blood, liver, lymphoid tissues and adrenal gland at moribund stages. Hematologic abnormalities in IFNAR-/- mice infected with these viruses, including leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and biochemical abnormalities indicating liver damage were prominent. In addition, blood levels of many kinds of cytokines and chemokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were elevated. ISKV-immunized serum transfusion after infection delayed the time to death of IFNAR-/- mice. Thus, the present study showed that the species Keterah orthonairovirus could proliferate in most mammal-derived cell lines and cause severe liver lesions and death in IFNAR-/- mice and that serum transfusion might be effective in treatment against Issyk-Kul fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Sugimoto
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. shimoji-@nih.go.jp
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11
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Tan CW, Yang X, Anderson DE, Wang LF. Bat virome research: the past, the present and the future. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 49:68-80. [PMID: 34052731 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bats have been increasingly recognised as an exceptional reservoir for emerging zoonotic viruses for the past few decades. Recent studies indicate that the unique bat immune system may be partially responsible for their ability to co-exist with viruses with minimal or no clinical diseases. In this review, we discuss the history and importance of bat virome studies and contrast the vast difference between such studies before and after the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) in this area of research. We also discuss the role of discovery serology and high-throughput single cell RNA-seq in future bat virome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore; Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danielle E Anderson
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, 169857, Singapore.
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12
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Human-pathogenic relapsing fever Borrelia found in bats from Central China phylogenetically clustered together with relapsing fever borreliae reported in the New World. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009113. [PMID: 33735240 PMCID: PMC7971464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats can harbor zoonotic pathogens causing emerging infectious diseases, but their status as hosts for bacteria is limited. We aimed to investigate the distribution, prevalence and genetic diversity of Borrelia in bats and bat ticks in Hubei Province, China, which will give us a better understanding of the risk of Borrelia infection posed by bats and their ticks. During 2018-2020, 403 bats were captured from caves in Hubei Province, China, 2 bats were PCR-positive for Borrelia. Sequence analysis of rrs, flaB and glpQ genes of positive samples showed 99.55%-100% similarity to Candidatus Borrelia fainii, a novel human-pathogenic relapsing fever Borrelia species recently reported in Zambia, Africa and Eastern China, which was clustered together with relapsing fever Borrelia species traditionally reported only in the New World. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pairwise genetic distances further confirmed the Borrelia species in the bats from Central China as Candidatus Borrelia fainii. No Borrelia DNA was detected in ticks collected from bats. The detection of this human-pathogenic relapsing fever Borrelia in bats suggests a wide distribution of this novel relapsing fever Borrelia species in China, which may pose a threat to public health in China.
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13
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Schuh AJ, Amman BR, Patel K, Sealy TK, Swanepoel R, Towner JS. Human-Pathogenic Kasokero Virus in Field-Collected Ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2944-2950. [PMID: 33219649 PMCID: PMC7706932 DOI: 10.3201/eid2612.202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kasokero virus (KASV; genus Orthonairovirus) was first isolated in 1977 at Uganda Virus Research Institute from serum collected from Rousettus aegyptiacus bats captured at Kasokero Cave, Uganda. During virus characterization studies at the institute, 4 laboratory-associated infections resulted in mild to severe disease. Although orthonairoviruses are typically associated with vertebrate and tick hosts, a tick vector of KASV never has been reported. We tested 786 Ornithodoros (Reticulinasus) faini tick pools (3,930 ticks) for KASV. The ticks were collected from a large R. aegyptiacus bat roosting site in western Uganda. We detected KASV RNA in 43 tick pools and recovered 2 infectious isolates, 1 of which was derived from host blood–depleted ticks. Our findings suggest that KASV is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle involving O. (R.) faini ticks and R. aegyptiacus bats and has the potential for incidental virus spillover to humans.
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14
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Ergünay K, Dinçer E, Kar S, Emanet N, Yalçınkaya D, Polat Dinçer PF, Brinkmann A, Hacıoğlu S, Nitsche A, Özkul A, Linton YM. Multiple orthonairoviruses including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Tamdy virus and the novel Meram virus in Anatolia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101448. [PMID: 32723637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted orthonairovirus RNA screening of 7043 tick specimens-representing 16 species-collected from various regions of Anatolia. In 602 pools, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) Europe 1 and 2 lineages were detected in seven pools (1.1 %) comprising Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma scupense, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. In pools of Hyalomma aegyptium, we detected Tamdy virus (TAMV) and an unclassified nairovirus sequence. Next-generation sequencing revealed complete coding regions of three CCHFV Europe 2 (AP92-like) viruses, TAMV and the novel orthonairovirus, tentatively named herein as Meram virus. We further performed in silico functional analysis of all available CCHFV Europe 2, TAMV, Meram and related virus genomes. The CCHFV Europe 2 viruses possessed several conserved motifs, including those with OTU-like cysteine protease activity. Probable recombinations were identified in L genome segments of CCHFV and TAMV. Through phylogeny reconstruction using individual genome segments, Meram virus emerged as a distinct virus among species within the Orthonairovirus genus. It further exhibited conserved motifs associated with RNA binding, encapsidation, signal peptidase cleavage, post-translational modification, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and OTU-like activities. Bole tick virus 3 was also detected in two pools with CCHFV reactivity. Hereby, we describe a novel tick-associated orthonairovirus, in a CCHFV-endemic region with confirmed TAMV activity. Human and animal health impact of these viruses need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergünay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Ender Dinçer
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, İzmir 35890, Turkey
| | - Sırrı Kar
- Namık Kemal University, Department of Biology, Tekirdağ 33110, Turkey; University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, GX 77555, USA
| | - Nergis Emanet
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | | | - Pelin Fatoş Polat Dinçer
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, İzmir 35890, Turkey
| | - Annika Brinkmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin 13352, Germany
| | - Sabri Hacıoğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), 13353, Berlin 13352, Germany
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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15
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Ergünay K. Revisiting new tick-associated viruses: what comes next? Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne viral infections continue to cause diseases with considerable impact on humans, livestock, companion animals and wildlife. Many lack specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for only a few. Tick-borne viruses will continue to emerge, facilitated by anthroponotic factors related to the modern lifestyle. We persistently identify and are obliged to cope with new examples of emerging tick-borne viral diseases and novel viruses today. Many new strains have been detected in vertebrates and arthropods, some causing severe diseases likely to challenge public and veterinary health. This manuscript aims to provide a narrative overview of recently-described tick-associated viruses, with perspectives on changing paradigms in identification, screening and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergünay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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16
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Dzimianski JV, Scholte FEM, Williams IL, Langley C, Freitas BT, Spengler JR, Bergeron É, Pegan SD. Determining the molecular drivers of species-specific interferon-stimulated gene product 15 interactions with nairovirus ovarian tumor domain proteases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226415. [PMID: 31869347 PMCID: PMC6927636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne nairoviruses (order Bunyavirales) encode an ovarian tumor domain protease (OTU) that suppresses the innate immune response by reversing the post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin (Ub) and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). Ub is highly conserved across eukaryotes, whereas ISG15 is only present in vertebrates and shows substantial sequence diversity. Prior attempts to address the effect of ISG15 diversity on viral protein-ISG15 interactions have focused on only a single species' ISG15 or a limited selection of nairovirus OTUs. To gain a more complete perspective of OTU-ISG15 interactions, we biochemically assessed the relative activities of 14 diverse nairovirus OTUs for 12 species' ISG15 and found that ISG15 activity is predominantly restricted to particular nairovirus lineages reflecting, in general, known virus-host associations. To uncover the underlying molecular factors driving OTUs affinity for ISG15, X-ray crystal structures of Kupe virus and Ganjam virus OTUs bound to sheep ISG15 were solved and compared to complexes of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Erve virus OTUs bound to human and mouse ISG15, respectively. Through mutational and structural analysis seven residues in ISG15 were identified that predominantly influence ISG15 species specificity among nairovirus OTUs. Additionally, OTU residues were identified that influence ISG15 preference, suggesting the potential for viral OTUs to adapt to different host ISG15s. These findings provide a foundation to further develop research methods to trace nairovirus-host relationships and delineate the full impact of ISG15 diversity on nairovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Dzimianski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Florine E. M. Scholte
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Isabelle L. Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caroline Langley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brendan T. Freitas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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17
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Lei SC, Xiao X, Liu JW, Han HJ, Gong XQ, Zhao M, Wang LJ, Qin XR, Yu XJ. High prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis B viruses in insectivorous bats from China. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105130. [PMID: 31400300 PMCID: PMC7092808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We found that 6.6% (13/197) bats from Shandong and Hubei provinces of China carried hepatis B virus (HBVs). HBVs from bats in the two places were phylogenetically in the same cluster, but distinct from bat HBVs from other places. HBVs were highly prevalent and genetic diversified in bats, supporting the hypothesis that bats may be the origin of primate hepadnaviruses.
Bats have been identified as the hosts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in recent years and bats HBV can infect human hepatocyte. We investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBV in bats in China. In this study, a total of 197 insectivorous bats belonging to 10 bat species were captured from karst caves in Mengyin County, Shandong Province and Xianning City, Hubei Province, China. PCR amplification indicated that in total 6.6% (13/197) bats were positive to HBVs. The HBV positive rate in bats was 7.1% (9/127) and 5.7% (4/70) in Shandong Province and Hubei Province, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HBV from the two places were in the same cluster with 90.5%–99.5% homology, but distinct from bat HBVs from other places in China and other countries. We concluded that HBV was prevalent and genetic diversified in bats, supporting the hypothesis that bats may be the origin of primate hepadnaviruses.
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19
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Fagre AC, Kading RC. Can Bats Serve as Reservoirs for Arboviruses? Viruses 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30832426 PMCID: PMC6466281 DOI: 10.3390/v11030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are known to harbor and transmit many emerging and re-emerging viruses, many of which are extremely pathogenic in humans but do not cause overt pathology in their bat reservoir hosts: henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra), filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg), and coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). Direct transmission cycles are often implicated in these outbreaks, with virus shed in bat feces, urine, and saliva. An additional mode of virus transmission between bats and humans requiring further exploration is the spread of disease via arthropod vectors. Despite the shared ecological niches that bats fill with many hematophagous arthropods (e.g. mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges, etc.) known to play a role in the transmission of medically important arboviruses, knowledge surrounding the potential for bats to act as reservoirs for arboviruses is limited. To this end, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken examining the current understanding and potential for bats to act as reservoirs for viruses transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. Serosurveillance and viral isolation from either free-ranging or captive bats are described in relation to four arboviral groups (Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae). Further, ecological associations between bats and hematophagous viral vectors are characterized (e.g. bat bloodmeals in mosquitoes, ingestion of mosquitoes by bats, etc). Lastly, knowledge gaps related to hematophagous ectoparasites (bat bugs and bed bugs (Cimicidae) and bat flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae)), in addition to future directions for characterization of bat-vector-virus relationships are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Fagre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Rebekah C Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Dzimianski JV, Beldon BS, Daczkowski CM, Goodwin OY, Scholte FEM, Bergeron É, Pegan SD. Probing the impact of nairovirus genomic diversity on viral ovarian tumor domain protease (vOTU) structure and deubiquitinase activity. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007515. [PMID: 30629698 PMCID: PMC6343935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of host and viral proteins by ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like proteins, such as interferon stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), plays a key role in response to infection. Viruses have been increasingly identified that contain proteases possessing deubiquitinase (DUB) and/or deISGylase functions. This includes viruses in the Nairoviridae family that encode a viral homologue of the ovarian tumor protease (vOTU). vOTU activity was recently demonstrated to be critical for replication of the often-fatal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, with DUB activity suppressing the type I interferon responses and deISGylase activity broadly removing ISG15 conjugated proteins. There are currently about 40 known nairoviruses classified into fourteen species. Recent genomic characterization has revealed a high degree of diversity, with vOTUs showing less than 25% amino acids identities within the family. Previous investigations have been limited to only a few closely related nairoviruses, leaving it unclear what impact this diversity has on vOTU function. To probe the effects of vOTU diversity on enzyme activity and specificity, we assessed representative vOTUs spanning the Nairoviridae family towards Ub and ISG15 fluorogenic substrates. This revealed great variation in enzymatic activity and specific substrate preferences. A subset of the vOTUs were further assayed against eight biologically relevant di-Ub substrates, uncovering both common trends and distinct preferences of poly-Ub linkages by vOTUs. Four novel X-ray crystal structures were obtained that provide a biochemical rationale for vOTU substrate preferences and elucidate structural features that distinguish the vOTUs, including a motif in the Hughes orthonairovirus species that has not been previously observed in OTU domains. Additionally, structure-informed mutagenesis provided the first direct evidence of a second site involved in di-Ub binding for vOTUs. These results provide new insight into nairovirus evolution and pathogenesis, and further enhances the development of tools for therapeutic purposes. Viruses utilize a variety of mechanisms to manipulate and suppress host responses to infection. One specific mechanism used by nairoviruses is the production of a deubiquitinating enzyme, termed the vOTU, that disrupts the innate immune response. This enzyme has been shown to play a key role in efficient replication of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a severe human pathogen causing outbreaks with high case fatality rates. Recent genomic studies have revealed a high degree of sequence variation for the vOTU among nairoviruses, but knowledge relating to the functional impact of this diversity is lacking. Here we investigated the effects of this diversity on the structure and function of vOTUs from a wide range of nairoviruses. This revealed that vOTUs from different nairoviruses possess distinct preferences for certain host proteins. In addition, we found that different vOTUs possess distinguishing structural features, including a unique motif present in one that was previously undescribed. Utilizing this information, we were able to provide a rational basis for the observed differences in the vOTUs. This work provides a foundation to understand nairovirus evolution by providing insight into a mechanism that influences virus host adaptation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Dzimianski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brianna S. Beldon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Courtney M. Daczkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Octavia Y. Goodwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Florine E. M. Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Simo Tchetgna H, Sem Ouilibona R, Nkili-Meyong AA, Caron M, Labouba I, Selekon B, Njouom R, Leroy EM, Nakoune E, Berthet N. Viral Exploration of Negative Acute Febrile Cases Observed during Chikungunya Outbreaks in Gabon. Intervirology 2019; 61:174-184. [PMID: 30625488 DOI: 10.1159/000495136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-malarial febrile illness outbreaks were documented in 2007 and 2010 in Gabon. After investigation, these outbreaks were attributed to the chikungunya and dengue viruses (CHIKV and DENV). However, for more than half of the samples analyzed, the causative agent was not identified. Given the geographical and ecological position of Gabon, where there is a great animal and microbial diversity, the circulation of other emerging viruses was suspected in these samples lacking aetiology. A total of 436 undiagnosed samples, collected between 2007 and 2013, and originating from 14 urban, suburban, and rural Gabonese locations were selected. These samples were used for viral isolation on newborn mice and VERO cells. In samples with signs of viral replication, cell supernatants and brain suspensions were used to extract nucleic acids and perform real-time RT-PCR targeting specific arboviruses, i.e., CHIKV, DENV, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile and Zika viruses. Virus isolation was conclusive for 43 samples either on newborn mice or by cell culture. Virus identification by RT-PCR led to the identification of CHIKV in 37 isolates. A total of 18 complete genomes and 19 partial sequences containing the E2 and E1 genes of CHIKV were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology or the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes showed that all the sequences belong to the East Central South Africa lineage. Furthermore, we identified 2 distinct clusters. The first cluster was made up of sequences from the western part of Gabon, whereas the second cluster was made up of sequences from the southern regions, reflecting the way CHIKV spread across the country following its initial introduction in 2007. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the CHIKV genes of the E2 and E1 structural proteins. Moreover, study of the mutations found in the E2 and E1 structural proteins revealed the presence of several mutations that facilitate the adaptation to the Aedes albopictus mosquito, such as E2 I211T and E1 A226V, in all the Gabonese CHIKV strains. Finally, sequencing of 6 additional viral isolates failed to lead to any conclusive identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Caron
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ingrid Labouba
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Eric M Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - UM1-UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Berthet
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon, .,Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Unité Environnement et risques infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, .,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3569, Paris, France,
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22
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Salmier A, Tirera S, de Thoisy B, Franc A, Darcissac E, Donato D, Bouchier C, Lacoste V, Lavergne A. Virome analysis of two sympatric bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Molossus molossus) in French Guiana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186943. [PMID: 29117243 PMCID: PMC5695591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental disturbances in the Neotropics (e.g., deforestation, agriculture intensification, urbanization) contribute to an increasing risk of cross-species transmission of microorganisms and to disease outbreaks due to changing ecosystems of reservoir hosts. Although Amazonia encompasses the greatest diversity of reservoir species, the outsized viral population diversity (virome) has yet to be investigated. Here, through a metagenomic approach, we identified 10,991 viral sequences in the saliva and feces of two bat species, Desmodus rotundus (hematophagous), trapped in two different caves surrounded by primary lowland forest, and Molossus molossus (insectivorous), trapped in forest and urban habitats. These sequences are related to 51 viral families known to infect a wide range of hosts (i.e., bacteria, plants, insects and vertebrates). Most viruses detected reflected the diet of bat species, with a high proportion of plant and insect-related viral families for M. molossus and a high proportion of vertebrate-related viral families for D. rotundus, highlighting its influence in shaping the viral diversity of bats. Lastly, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships for five vertebrate-related viral families (Nairoviridae, Circoviridae, Retroviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae). The results showed highly supported clustering with other viral sequences of the same viral family hosted by other bat species, highlighting the potential association of viral diversity with the host’s diet. These findings provide significant insight into viral bat diversity in French Guiana belonging to the Amazonian biome and emphasize that habitats and the host’s dietary ecology may drive the viral diversity in the bat communities investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Salmier
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Sourakhata Tirera
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alain Franc
- UMR BIOGECO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Cestas, France
| | - Edith Darcissac
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Damien Donato
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Vincent Lacoste
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- * E-mail:
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23
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Carr M, Gonzalez G, Sasaki M, Dool SE, Ito K, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Teeling EC, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H. Identification of the same polyomavirus species in different African horseshoe bat species is indicative of short-range host-switching events. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2771-2785. [PMID: 28984241 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are considered to be highly host-specific in different mammalian species, with no well-supported evidence for host-switching events. We examined the species diversity and host specificity of PyVs in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.), a broadly distributed and highly speciose mammalian genus. We annotated six PyV genomes, comprising four new PyV species, based on pairwise identity within the large T antigen (LTAg) coding region. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed two instances of highly related PyV species, one in each of the Alphapolyomavirus and Betapolyomavirus genera, present in different horseshoe bat host species (Rhinolophus blasii and R. simulator), suggestive of short-range host-switching events. The two pairs of Rhinolophus PyVs in different horseshoe bat host species were 99.9 and 88.8 % identical with each other over their respective LTAg coding sequences and thus constitute the same virus species. To corroborate the species identification of the bat hosts, we analysed mitochondrial cytb and a large nuclear intron dataset derived from six independent and neutrally evolving loci for bat taxa of interest. Bayesian estimates of the ages of the most recent common ancestors suggested that the near-identical and more distantly related PyV species diverged approximately 9.1E4 (5E3-2.8E5) and 9.9E6 (4E6-18E6) years before the present, respectively, in contrast to the divergence times of the bat host species: 12.4E6 (10.4E6-15.4E6). Our findings provide evidence that short-range host-switching of PyVs is possible in horseshoe bats, suggesting that PyV transmission between closely related mammalian species can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carr
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Serena E Dool
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Anklamer Street 20, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William W Hall
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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24
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Bouquet J, Melgar M, Swei A, Delwart E, Lane RS, Chiu CY. Metagenomic-based Surveillance of Pacific Coast tick Dermacentor occidentalis Identifies Two Novel Bunyaviruses and an Emerging Human Ricksettsial Pathogen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12234. [PMID: 28947798 PMCID: PMC5612965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of emerging tick-borne diseases has been reported in the United States since the 1970s. Using metagenomic next generation sequencing, we detected nucleic acid sequences from 2 novel viruses in the family Bunyaviridae and an emerging human rickettsial pathogen, Rickettsia philipii, in a population of the Pacific Coast tick, Dermacentor occidentalis in Mendocino County sampled annually from 2011 to 2014. A total of 250 adults of this human-biting, generalist tick were collected from contiguous chaparral and grassland habitats, and RNA from each individually extracted tick was deep sequenced to an average depth of 7.3 million reads. We detected a Francisella endosymbiont in 174 ticks (70%), and Rickettsia spp. in 19 ticks (8%); Rickettsia-infected ticks contained R. rhipicephali (16 of 250, 6.4%) or R. philipii (3 of 250,1.2%), the agent of eschar-associated febrile illness in humans. The genomes of 2 novel bunyaviruses (>99% complete) in the genera Nairovirus and Phlebovirus were also identified and found to be present in 20-91% of ticks, depending on the year of collection. The high prevalence of these bunyaviruses in sampled Dermacentor ticks suggests that they may be viral endosymbionts, although further studies are needed to determine whether they are infectious for vertebrate hosts, especially humans, and their potential role in tick ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bouquet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael Melgar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Andrea Swei
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Robert S Lane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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25
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Han HJ, Wen HL, Zhao L, Liu JW, Luo LM, Zhou CM, Qin XR, Zhu YL, Liu MM, Qi R, Li WQ, Yu H, Yu XJ. Novel coronaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses and circoviruses in insectivorous bats from northern China. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:636-646. [PMID: 28371451 PMCID: PMC7165899 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bats are considered as the reservoirs of several emerging infectious disease, and novel viruses are continually found in bats all around the world. Studies conducted in southern China found that bats carried a variety of viruses. However, few studies have been conducted on bats in northern China, which harbours a diversity of endemic insectivorous bats. It is important to understand the prevalence and diversity of viruses circulating in bats in northern China. In this study, a total of 145 insectivorous bats representing six species were collected from northern China and screened with degenerate primers for viruses belonging to six families, including coronaviruses, astroviruses, hantaviruses, paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses and circoviruses. Our study found that four of the viruses screened for were positive and the overall detection rates for astroviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses and circoviruses in bats were 21.4%, 15.9%, 20% and 37.2%, respectively. In addition, we found that bats in northern China harboured a diversity of novel viruses. Common Serotine (Eptesicus serotinu), Fringed long‐footed Myotis (Myotis fimriatus) and Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius) were investigated in China for the first time. Our study provided new information on the ecology and phylogeny of bat‐borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - H-L Wen
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - L Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J-W Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - L-M Luo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C-M Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X-R Qin
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y-L Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - M-M Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - R Qi
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - W-Q Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - H Yu
- Schools of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-J Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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26
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Biochemical and Structural Insights into the Preference of Nairoviral DeISGylases for Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 Originating from Certain Species. J Virol 2016; 90:8314-27. [PMID: 27412597 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00975-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The regulation of the interferon type I (IFN-I) response has been shown to rely on posttranslational modification by ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) to stabilize, or activate, a variety of IFN-I signaling and downstream effector proteins. Unlike Ub, which is almost perfectly conserved among eukaryotes, ISG15 is highly divergent, even among mammals. Since zoonotic viruses rely on viral proteins to recognize, or cleave, ISG15 conjugates in order to evade, or suppress, innate immunity, the impact of ISG15 biodiversity on deISGylating proteases of the ovarian tumor family (vOTU) from nairoviruses was evaluated. The enzymatic activities of vOTUs originating from the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Erve virus, and Nairobi sheep disease virus were tested against ISG15s from humans, mice, shrews, sheep, bats, and camels, which are mammalian species known to be infected by nairoviruses. This along with investigation of binding by isothermal titration calorimetry illustrated significant differences in the abilities of nairovirus deISGylases to accommodate certain species of ISG15. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of species preferences of these vOTUs, a structure was determined to 2.5 Å for a complex of Erve virus vOTU protease and a mouse ISG15 domain. This structure revealed the molecular basis of Erve virus vOTU's preference for ISG15 over Ub and the first structural insight into a nonhuman ISG15. This structure also revealed key interactions, or lack thereof, surrounding three amino acids that may drive a viral deISgylase to prefer an ISG15 from one species over that of another. IMPORTANCE Viral ovarian tumor domain proteases (vOTUs) are one of the two principal classes of viral proteases observed to reverse posttranslational modification of host proteins by ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), subsequently facilitating downregulation of IFN-I signaling pathways. Unlike the case with ubiquitin, the amino acid sequences of ISG15s from various species are notably divergent. We illustrate that vOTUs have clear preferences for ISG15s from certain species. In addition, these observations are related to the molecular insights acquired via the first X-ray structure of the vOTU from the Erve nairovirus in complex with the first structurally resolved nonhuman ISG15. This information implicates certain amino acids that drive the preference of vOTUs for ISG15s from certain species.
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27
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Junglen S. Evolutionary origin of pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses-a case study in the family Bunyaviridae. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 16:81-86. [PMID: 27720055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses have a dual-host tropism and their transmission requires the infection of two disparate hosts, arthropods and vertebrates. Arboviruses occur in several RNA families that also contain viruses with a monotropism for either arthropods or vertebrates. The evolutionary origin of the dual-host tropism of arboviruses was recently identified for the family Bunyaviridae. Bunyaviruses were suggested to have evolved from viruses that are restricted to arthropods as hosts (arthropod-specific viruses). Additional findings of an immense genetic diversity of bunyaviruses in non-blood feeding arthropods support the hypothesis of an arthropod origin of vertebrate-pathogenic bunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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28
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Kuhn JH, Wiley MR, Rodriguez SE, Bào Y, Prieto K, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Savji N, Ladner JT, Tesh RB, Wada J, Jahrling PB, Bente DA, Palacios G. Genomic Characterization of the Genus Nairovirus (Family Bunyaviridae). Viruses 2016; 8:E164. [PMID: 27294949 PMCID: PMC4926184 DOI: 10.3390/v8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nairovirus, one of five bunyaviral genera, includes seven species. Genomic sequence information is limited for members of the Dera Ghazi Khan, Hughes, Qalyub, Sakhalin, and Thiafora nairovirus species. We used next-generation sequencing and historical virus-culture samples to determine 14 complete and nine coding-complete nairoviral genome sequences to further characterize these species. Previously unsequenced viruses include Abu Mina, Clo Mor, Great Saltee, Hughes, Raza, Sakhalin, Soldado, and Tillamook viruses. In addition, we present genomic sequence information on additional isolates of previously sequenced Avalon, Dugbe, Sapphire II, and Zirqa viruses. Finally, we identify Tunis virus, previously thought to be a phlebovirus, as an isolate of Abu Hammad virus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the need for reassignment of Sapphire II virus to Dera Ghazi Khan nairovirus and reassignment of Hazara, Tofla, and Nairobi sheep disease viruses to novel species. We also propose new species for the Kasokero group (Kasokero, Leopards Hill, Yogue viruses), the Ketarah group (Gossas, Issyk-kul, Keterah/soft tick viruses) and the Burana group (Wēnzhōu tick virus, Huángpí tick virus 1, Tǎchéng tick virus 1). Our analyses emphasize the sister relationship of nairoviruses and arenaviruses, and indicate that several nairo-like viruses (Shāyáng spider virus 1, Xīnzhōu spider virus, Sānxiá water strider virus 1, South Bay virus, Wǔhàn millipede virus 2) require establishment of novel genera in a larger nairovirus-arenavirus supergroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Michael R Wiley
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sergio E Rodriguez
- Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Karla Prieto
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Amelia P A Travassos da Rosa
- Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nazir Savji
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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29
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Evidence for widespread infection of African bats with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-like viruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26637. [PMID: 27217069 PMCID: PMC4877572 DOI: 10.1038/srep26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly virulent tick-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. The geographic range of human CCHF cases largely reflects the presence of ticks. However, highly similar CCHFV lineages occur in geographically distant regions. Tick-infested migratory birds have been suggested, but not confirmed, to contribute to the dispersal. Bats have recently been shown to carry nairoviruses distinct from CCHFV. In order to assess the presence of CCHFV in a wide range of bat species over a wide geographic range, we analyzed 1,135 sera from 16 different bat species collected in Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Germany, and Panama. Using a CCHFV glycoprotein-based indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), we identified reactive antibodies in 10.0% (114/1,135) of tested bats, pertaining to 12/16 tested species. Depending on the species, 3.6%–42.9% of cave-dwelling bats and 0.6%–7.1% of foliage-living bats were seropositive (two-tailed t-test, p = 0.0447 cave versus foliage). 11/30 IIFT-reactive sera from 10 different African bat species had neutralizing activity in a virus-like particle assay. Neutralization of full CCHFV was confirmed in 5 of 7 sera. Widespread infection of cave-dwelling bats may indicate a role for bats in the life cycle and geographic dispersal of CCHFV.
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30
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Walker PJ, Widen SG, Wood TG, Guzman H, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. A Global Genomic Characterization of Nairoviruses Identifies Nine Discrete Genogroups with Distinctive Structural Characteristics and Host-Vector Associations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1107-1122. [PMID: 26903607 PMCID: PMC4856612 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nairoviruses are primarily tick-borne bunyaviruses, some of which are known to cause mild-to-severe febrile illness in humans or livestock. We describe the genome sequences of 11 poorly characterized nairoviruses that have ecological associations with either birds (Farallon, Punta Salinas, Sapphire II, Zirqa, Avalon, Clo Mor, Taggert, and Abu Hammad viruses), rodents (Qalyub and Bandia viruses), or camels (Dera Ghazi Khan virus). Global phylogenetic analyses of proteins encoded in the L, M, and S RNA segments of these and 20 other available nairovirus genomes identified nine well-supported genogroups (Nairobi sheep disease, Thiafora, Sakhalin, Keterah, Qalyub, Kasokero, Dera Ghazi Khan, Hughes, and Tamdy). Genogroup-specific structural variations were evident, particularly in the M segment encoding a polyprotein from which virion envelope glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) are generated by proteolytic processing. Structural variations include the extension, abbreviation, or absence sequences encoding an O-glycosylated mucin-like protein in the N-terminal domain, distinctive patterns of conserved cysteine residues in the GP38-like domain, insertion of sequences encoding a double-membrane-spanning protein (NSm) between the Gn and Gc domains, and the presence of an alternative long open reading frame encoding a viroporin-like transmembrane protein (Gx). We also observed strong genogroup-specific associations with categories of hosts and tick vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Walker
- *Address correspondence to Peter J. Walker, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia. E-mail:
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31
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Shimada S, Aoki K, Nabeshima T, Fuxun Y, Kurosaki Y, Shiogama K, Onouchi T, Sakaguchi M, Fuchigami T, Ono H, Nishi K, Posadas-Herrera G, Uchida L, Takamatsu Y, Yasuda J, Tsutsumi Y, Fujita H, Morita K, Hayasaka D. Tofla virus: A newly identified Nairovirus of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever group isolated from ticks in Japan. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20213. [PMID: 26863911 PMCID: PMC4809068 DOI: 10.1038/srep20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixodid ticks transmit several important viral pathogens. We isolated a new virus (Tofla virus: TFLV) from Heamaphysalis flava and Heamaphysalis formsensis in Japan. The full-genome sequences revealed that TFLV belonged to the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae. Phylogenetic analyses and neutralization tests suggested that TFLV is closely related to the Hazara virus and that it is classified into the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever group. TFLV caused lethal infection in IFNAR KO mice. The TFLV-infected mice exhibited a gastrointestinal disorder, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography images showed a significant uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the intestinal tract. TFLV was able to infect and propagate in cultured cells of African green monkey-derived Vero E6 cells and human-derived SK-N-SH, T98-G and HEK-293 cells. Although TFLV infections in humans and animals are currently unknown, our findings may provide clues to understand the potential infectivity and to develop of pre-emptive countermeasures against this new tick-borne Nairovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Leading graduate school program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | | | - Yu Fuxun
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yohei Kurosaki
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takanori Onouchi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Miako Sakaguchi
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ono
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Diseases Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | | | - Leo Uchida
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Leading graduate school program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujita
- Mahara Institute of Medical Acarology, 56-3 korekuni Aratano-cho, Anan, Tokushima 779-1510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Leading graduate school program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Department of Virology, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Leading graduate school program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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Seroepidemiological Studies of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Domestic and Wild Animals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004210. [PMID: 26741652 PMCID: PMC4704823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed, tick-borne viral disease. Humans are the only species known to develop illness after CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection, characterized by a nonspecific febrile illness that can progress to severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease. A variety of animals may serve as asymptomatic reservoirs of CCHFV in an endemic cycle of transmission. Seroepidemiological studies have been instrumental in elucidating CCHFV reservoirs and in determining endemic foci of viral transmission. Herein, we review over 50 years of CCHFV seroepidemiological studies in domestic and wild animals. This review highlights the role of livestock in the maintenance and transmission of CCHFV, and provides a detailed summary of seroepidemiological studies of wild animal species, reflecting their relative roles in CCHFV ecology.
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Shchetinin AM, Lvov DK, Deriabin PG, Botikov AG, Gitelman AK, Kuhn JH, Alkhovsky SV. Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Tataguine and Witwatersrand Viruses and Other Orthobunyaviruses of the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Koongol, Mapputta, Tete, and Turlock Serogroups. Viruses 2015; 7:5987-6008. [PMID: 26610546 PMCID: PMC4664991 DOI: 10.3390/v7112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Bunyaviridae has more than 530 members that are distributed among five genera or remain to be classified. The genus Orthobunyavirus is the most diverse bunyaviral genus with more than 220 viruses that have been assigned to more than 18 serogroups based on serological cross-reactions and limited molecular-biological characterization. Sequence information for all three orthobunyaviral genome segments is only available for viruses belonging to the Bunyamwera, Bwamba/Pongola, California encephalitis, Gamboa, Group C, Mapputta, Nyando, and Simbu serogroups. Here we present coding-complete sequences for all three genome segments of 15 orthobunyaviruses belonging to the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Kongool, Tete, and Turlock serogroups, and of two unclassified bunyaviruses previously not known to be orthobunyaviruses (Tataguine and Witwatersrand viruses). Using those sequence data, we established the most comprehensive phylogeny of the Orthobunyavirus genus to date, now covering 15 serogroups. Our results emphasize the high genetic diversity of orthobunyaviruses and reveal that the presence of the small nonstructural protein (NSs)-encoding open reading frame is not as common in orthobunyavirus genomes as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Shchetinin
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry K Lvov
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Petr G Deriabin
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey G Botikov
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Asya K Gitelman
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
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34
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Walker PJ, Widen SG, Firth C, Blasdell KR, Wood TG, Travassos da Rosa APA, Guzman H, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:1041-51. [PMID: 26324724 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nairovirus of arthropod-borne bunyaviruses includes the important emerging human pathogen, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), as well as Nairobi sheep disease virus and many other poorly described viruses isolated from mammals, birds, and ticks. Here, we report genome sequence analysis of six nairoviruses: Thiafora virus (TFAV) that was isolated from a shrew in Senegal; Yogue (YOGV), Kasokero (KKOV), and Gossas (GOSV) viruses isolated from bats in Senegal and Uganda; Issyk-Kul virus (IKV) isolated from bats in Kyrgyzstan; and Keterah virus (KTRV) isolated from ticks infesting a bat in Malaysia. The S, M, and L genome segments of each virus were found to encode proteins corresponding to the nucleoprotein, polyglycoprotein, and polymerase protein of CCHFV. However, as observed in Leopards Hill virus (LPHV) and Erve virus (ERVV), polyglycoproteins encoded in the M segment lack sequences encoding the double-membrane-spanning CCHFV NSm protein. Amino acid sequence identities, complement-fixation tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses cluster into three groups comprising KKOV, YOGV, and LPHV from bats of the suborder Yingochiroptera; KTRV, IKV, and GOSV from bats of the suborder Yangochiroptera; and TFAV and ERVV from shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae). This reflects clade-specific host and vector associations that extend across the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven G Widen
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Cadhla Firth
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Thomas G Wood
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Amelia P A Travassos da Rosa
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Hilda Guzman
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Robert B Tesh
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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