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Zhu L, Bai Y, Li A, Wan J, Sun M, Lou X, Duan X, Sheng Y, Lei N, Qin Z. IFN-γ-responsiveness of lymphatic endothelial cells inhibits melanoma lymphatic dissemination via AMPK-mediated metabolic control. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167314. [PMID: 38936516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the lymphatic system is critical for preventing the dissemination of tumor cells, such as melanoma, to distant parts of the body. IFN-γ is well studied as a negative regulator for lymphangiogenesis, which is strongly associated with cancer metastasis. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether IFN-γ signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) affects tumor cell dissemination by regulating the barrier function of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels. Using LEC-specific IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) knockout mice, we found that the loss of IFN-γR in LECs increased the dissemination of melanoma cells into the draining lymph nodes. Notably, IFN-γ signaling in LECs inhibited trans-lymphatic endothelial cell migration of melanoma cells, indicating its regulation of lymphatic barrier function. Further investigations revealed that IFN-γ upregulated the expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-3 in LECs, while knockdown of Claudin-3 in LECs abolished IFN-γ-induced inhibition of trans-lymphatic endothelial migration activity. Mechanistically, IFN-γ inhibits AMPK signaling activation, which is involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Modulating fatty acid metabolism and AMPK activation in LECs also affected the lymphatic dissemination of melanoma cells, further confirming that this process is involved in IFN-γ-induced regulation of lymphatic barrier function. These results provide novel insights into how IFN-γ modulates tight junctions in LECs, inhibiting the dissemination of melanoma cells via the lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zhu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yueyue Bai
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohan Lou
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuqiao Sheng
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ningjing Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Jiang X, Wang H, Nie K, Gao Y, Chen S, Tang Y, Wang Z, Su H, Dong H. Targeting lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated proteins: a new perspective on natural compounds against metabolic diseases. Chin Med 2024; 19:120. [PMID: 39232826 PMCID: PMC11373146 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplet (LD) is a metabolically active organelle, which changes dynamically with the metabolic state and energy requirements of cells. Proteins that either insert into the LD phospholipid monolayer or are present in the cytoplasm, playing a crucial role in lipid homeostasis and signaling regulation, are known as LD-associated proteins. METHODS The keywords "lipid droplets" and "metabolic diseases" were used to obtain literature on LD metabolism and pathological mechanism. After searching databases including Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2013 to 2024 using terms like "lipid droplets", "lipid droplet-associated proteins", "fatty liver disease", "diabetes", "diabetic kidney disease", "obesity", "atherosclerosis", "hyperlipidemia", "natural drug monomers" and "natural compounds", the most common natural compounds were identified in about 954 articles. Eventually, a total of 91 studies of 10 natural compounds reporting in vitro or in vivo studies were refined and summarized. RESULTS The most frequently used natural compounds include Berberine, Mangostin, Capsaicin, Caffeine, Genistein, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Chlorogenic acid, Betaine, Ginsenoside, Resveratrol. These natural compounds interact with LD-associated proteins and help ameliorate abnormal LDs in various metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Natural compounds involved in the regulation of LDs and LD-associated proteins hold promise for treating metabolic diseases. Further research into these interactions may lead to new therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Lin Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yao W. LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supports pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112681. [PMID: 39068758 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is one of the features in various tumors, whereas the significance of LD accumulation in pancreatic cancer progression remains unclear under chemotherapeutic condition. Since chemoresistance towards gemcitabine (GEM) is an obstacle for clinical therapy of pancreatic cancer, we sought to investigate the contribution of LD accumulation to GEM resistance. Herein, triacsin C (an inhibitor of LD production) dampened the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The inhibition of LD accumulation induced by triacsin C or silencing of perilipin 2 (a marker of LD) sensitized cells to GEM treatment. Next, 75 paraffin-embedded samples and 5 pairs of frozen samples from pancreatic cancer patients were obtained for the detection of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2; a LD-located enzyme contributing phosphatidylcholine synthesis) expression. The results revealed that LPCAT2 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with clinical parameters and the basal LD content of cancer cell lines. Loss of LPCAT2 repressed the LD accumulation, GEM resistance, and cell motility. The enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity was further confirmed in a xenograft model of mice in vivo. The carcinogenesis role of LPCAT2 was at least partly mediated by the LD accumulation. Then, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) activated the transcription of LPCAT2. Both LPCAT2 downregulation and triacsin C reversed the STAT5B-induced potentiation of malignant phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supported pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility, which was triggered by STAT5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Chen Y, Liu X, Ma J, Wang W, Li Z, Wu H, Lu Z, Zhang D, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Hydrangea paniculata coumarins alleviate adriamycin-induced renal lipotoxicity through activating AMPK and inhibiting C/EBPβ. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118156. [PMID: 38583729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Throughout Chinese history, Hydrangea paniculata Siebold has been utilized as a traditional medicinal herb to treat a variety of ailments associated to inflammation. In a number of immune-mediated kidney disorders, total coumarins extracted from Hydrangea paniculata (HP) have demonstrated a renal protective effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate renal beneficial effect of HP on experimental Adriamycin nephropathy (AN), and further clarify whether reversing lipid metabolism abnormalities by HP contributes to its renoprotective effect and find out the underlying critical pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS After establishment of rat AN model, HP was orally administrated for 6 weeks. Biochemical indicators related to kidney injury were determined. mRNAs sequencing using kidney tissues were performed to clarify the underlying mechanism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis, western blot, molecular docking, and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay was carried out to further explore and confirm pivotal molecular pathways and possible target by which HP and 7-hydroxylcoumarin (7-HC) played their renal protection effect via modulating lipid metabolism. RESULTS HP could significantly improve renal function, and restore renal tubular abnormal lipid metabolism and interstitial fibrosis in AN. In vitro study demonstrated that HP and its main metabolite 7-HC could reduce ADR-induced intracellular lipid deposition and fibrosis characteristics in renal tubular cells. Mechanically, HP and 7-HC can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via direct interaction, which contributes to its lipid metabolism modulation effect. Moreover, HP and 7-HC can inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) expression in renal tubular cells. Normalization of lipid metabolism by HP and 7-HC further provided protection of mitochondrial structure integrity and inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Long-term toxicity using beagle dogs proved the safety of HP after one-month administration. CONCLUSION Coumarin derivates from HP alleviate adriamycin-induced lipotoxicity and fibrosis in kidney through activating AMPK and inhibiting C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Weida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Haijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zhanxi Lu
- Beijing No. 80 High School International Department, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Fuwa M, Kajita K, Mori I, Asano M, Kajita T, Senda T, Inagaki T, Morita H. Mitochondrial fractions located in the cytoplasmic and peridroplet areas of white adipocytes have distinct roles. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1753-1768. [PMID: 38658180 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in white adipocytes (WAs) has not been fully explored. A recent study revealed that brown adipocytes contain functionally distinct mitochondrial fractions, cytoplasmic mitochondria, and peridroplet mitochondria. However, it is not known whether such a functional division of mitochondria exists in WA. Herein, we observed that mitochondria could be imaged and mitochondrial DNA and protein detected in pellets obtained from the cytoplasmic layer and oil layer of WAs after centrifugation. The mitochondria in each fraction were designated as cytoplasmic mitochondria (CMw) and peridroplet mitochondria (PDMw) in WAs, respectively. CMw had higher β-oxidation activity than PDMw, and PDMw was associated with diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2. Therefore, CMw may be involved in β-oxidation and PDMw in droplet expansion in WAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fuwa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kajita
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women's University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motochika Asano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunnma University, Maebashi-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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6
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Fan H, Tan Y. Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Contacts in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6878. [PMID: 38999988 PMCID: PMC11240910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of cellular metabolism and redox balance is a complex, multifaceted process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Lipid droplets (LDs), once considered inert storage depots for neutral lipids, are now recognized as dynamic organelles critical in lipid metabolism and energy regulation. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, play a central role in energy production, metabolic pathways, and redox signaling. The physical and functional contacts between LDs and mitochondria facilitate a direct transfer of lipids, primarily fatty acids, which are crucial for mitochondrial β-oxidation, thus influencing energy homeostasis and cellular health. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the mechanisms governing LD-mitochondria interactions and their regulation, drawing attention to proteins and pathways that mediate these contacts. We discuss the physiological relevance of these interactions, emphasizing their role in maintaining energy and redox balance within cells, and how these processes are critical in response to metabolic demands and stress conditions. Furthermore, we explore the pathological implications of dysregulated LD-mitochondria interactions, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their potential links to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusively, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of LD-mitochondria interactions, underscoring their significance in cellular metabolism and suggesting future research directions that could unveil novel therapeutic targets for metabolic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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7
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Qian F, Zhong Q, Chen Z. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute traumatic brain injury: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31121. [PMID: 38803920 PMCID: PMC11128910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The intricate regulatory relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and immune cells remains largely elusive following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods The GSE45997 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and utilized GEO2R to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses were performed. Mitochondrial gene data from the MitoCarta3.0 database were combined with the DEGs to identify mitochondria-related DEGs (MitoDEGs). The hub MitoDEGs related to apoptosis were further screened. Animal models of TBI were established to investigate the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction regulation of apoptosis. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between MitoDEGs/hub MitoDEGs and immune cells using the Spearman correlation method. Results Fifty-seven MitoDEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to fatty acid degradation and metabolism. We identified three upregulated hub MitoDEGs, namely Dnm1l, Mcl1 and Casp3, were associated with apoptosis. In the animal experiments, we observed significant expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) surrounding the injury site. Most LC3B-expressing cells exhibited positive staining for Beclin 1 and colocalization analysis revealed the simultaneous presence of Beclin 1 and caspase-3. The Western blot analysis further unveiled a significant upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 levels and LC3B II/LC3B I ratio after TBI. Moreover, the quantity of myeloid cell leukaemia-1 immunoreactive cells was notably higher than that in the control group. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated strong associations between plasma cells, marginal zone B cells, native CD4 T cells, monocytes, and MitoDEGs/hub MitoDEGs. Conclusions This study sheds light on enhanced fatty acid metabolism following mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential association with apoptosis and immune cell activation, thereby providing new mechanistic insights into the acute phase of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1301-1327. [PMID: 38325881 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their remarkable ability to efficiently adapt to favorable and hostile environments. Due to a unique metabolic flexibility, tumor cells can grow even in the absence of extracellular nutrients or in stressful scenarios. To achieve this, cancer cells need large amounts of lipids to build membranes, synthesize lipid-derived molecules, and generate metabolic energy in the absence of other nutrients. Tumor cells potentiate strategies to obtain lipids from other cells, metabolic pathways to synthesize new lipids, and mechanisms for efficient storage, mobilization, and utilization of these lipids. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles that collect and supply lipids in eukaryotes and it is increasingly recognized that the accumulation of LDs is a new hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, an active role of LD proteins in processes underlying tumorigenesis has been proposed. Here, by focusing on three major classes of LD-resident proteins (perilipins, lipases, and acyl-CoA synthetases), we provide an overview of the contribution of LDs to cancer progression and discuss the role of LD proteins during the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Cell Therapies (TERAV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Saukko-Paavola AJ, Klemm RW. Remodelling of mitochondrial function by import of specific lipids at multiple membrane-contact sites. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1274-1291. [PMID: 38311340 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Organelles form physical and functional contact between each other to exchange information, metabolic intermediates, and signaling molecules. Tethering factors and contact site complexes bring partnering organelles into close spatial proximity to establish membrane contact sites (MCSs), which specialize in unique functions like lipid transport or Ca2+ signaling. Here, we discuss how MCSs form dynamic platforms that are important for lipid metabolism. We provide a perspective on how import of specific lipids from the ER and other organelles may contribute to remodeling of mitochondria during nutrient starvation. We speculate that mitochondrial adaptation is achieved by connecting several compartments into a highly dynamic organelle network. The lipid droplet appears to be a central hub in coordinating the function of these organelle neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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10
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Enkler L, Spang A. Functional interplay of lipid droplets and mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1235-1251. [PMID: 38268392 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our body stores energy mostly in form of fatty acids (FAs) in lipid droplets (LDs). From there the FAs can be mobilized and transferred to peroxisomes and mitochondria. This transfer is dependent on close opposition of LDs and mitochondria and peroxisomes and happens at membrane contact sites. However, the composition and the dynamics of these contact sites is not well understood, which is in part due to the dependence on the metabolic state of the cell and on the cell- and tissue-type. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contacts between lipid droplets and mitochondria both in mammals and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which various contact sites are well studied. We discuss possible functions of the contact site and their implication in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Dudka W, Salo VT, Mahamid J. Zooming into lipid droplet biology through the lens of electron microscopy. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1127-1142. [PMID: 38726814 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM), in its various flavors, has significantly contributed to our understanding of lipid droplets (LD) as central organelles in cellular metabolism. For example, EM has illuminated that LDs, in contrast to all other cellular organelles, are uniquely enclosed by a single phospholipid monolayer, revealed the architecture of LD contact sites with different organelles, and provided near-atomic resolution maps of key enzymes that regulate neutral lipid biosynthesis and LD biogenesis. In this review, we first provide a brief history of pivotal findings in LD biology unveiled through the lens of an electron microscope. We describe the main EM techniques used in the context of LD research and discuss their current capabilities and limitations, thereby providing a foundation for utilizing suitable EM methodology to address LD-related questions with sufficient level of structural preservation, detail, and resolution. Finally, we highlight examples where EM has recently been and is expected to be instrumental in expanding the frontiers of LD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Dudka
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veijo T Salo
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Griseti E, Bello AA, Bieth E, Sabbagh B, Iacovoni JS, Bigay J, Laurell H, Čopič A. Molecular mechanisms of perilipin protein function in lipid droplet metabolism. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1170-1198. [PMID: 38140813 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Perilipins are abundant lipid droplet (LD) proteins present in all metazoans and also in Amoebozoa and fungi. Humans express five perilipins, which share a similar domain organization: an amino-terminal PAT domain and an 11-mer repeat region, which can fold into amphipathic helices that interact with LDs, followed by a structured carboxy-terminal domain. Variations of this organization that arose during vertebrate evolution allow for functional specialization between perilipins in relation to the metabolic needs of different tissues. We discuss how different features of perilipins influence their interaction with LDs and their cellular targeting. PLIN1 and PLIN5 play a direct role in lipolysis by regulating the recruitment of lipases to LDs and LD interaction with mitochondria. Other perilipins, particularly PLIN2, appear to protect LDs from lipolysis, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. PLIN4 stands out with its long repetitive region, whereas PLIN3 is most widely expressed and is used as a nascent LD marker. Finally, we discuss the genetic variability in perilipins in connection with metabolic disease, prominent for PLIN1 and PLIN4, underlying the importance of understanding the molecular function of perilipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Griseti
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Abdoul Akim Bello
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
- Departement de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Bayane Sabbagh
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Joëlle Bigay
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
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13
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Tang H, Liu Z, Han G, Geng J, Liu B, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Unexpected omega-3 activities in intracellular lipolysis and macrophage foaming revealed by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321255121. [PMID: 38564632 PMCID: PMC11009650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321255121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found primarily in fish oil have been a popular supplement for cardiovascular health because they can substantially reduce circulating triglyceride levels in the bloodstream to prevent atherosclerosis. Beyond this established extracellular activity, here, we report a mode of action of PUFA, regulating intracellular triglyceride metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) dynamics. Real-time imaging of the subtle and highly dynamic changes of intracellular lipid metabolism was enabled by a fluorescence lifetime probe that addressed the limitations of intensity-based fluorescence quantifications. Surprisingly, we found that among omega-3 PUFA, only docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoted the lipolysis in LDs and reduced the overall fat content by approximately 50%, and consequently helped suppress macrophage differentiation into foam cells, one of the early steps responsible for atherosclerosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid, another omega-3 FA in fish oil, however, counteracted the beneficial effects of DHA on lipolysis promotion and cell foaming prevention. These in vitro findings warrant future validation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesen Tang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Guangmei Han
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Junlong Geng
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
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14
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Gotvaldová K, Špačková J, Novotný J, Baslarová K, Ježek P, Rossmeislová L, Gojda J, Smolková K. BCAA metabolism in pancreatic cancer affects lipid balance by regulating fatty acid import into mitochondria. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:10. [PMID: 38532464 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been associated with the host dysmetabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), however, the implications for the role of BCAA metabolism in PDAC development or progression are not clear. The mitochondrial catabolism of valine, leucine, and isoleucine is a multistep process leading to the production of short-chain R-CoA species. They can be subsequently exported from mitochondria as short-chain carnitines (SC-CARs), utilized in anabolic pathways, or released from the cells. METHODS We examined the specificities of BCAA catabolism and cellular adaptation strategies to BCAA starvation in PDAC cells in vitro. We used metabolomics and lipidomics to quantify major metabolic changes in response to BCAA withdrawal. Using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry we quantified the fluorescence of BODIPY probe and the level of lipid droplets (LDs). We used BODIPY-conjugated palmitate to evaluate transport of fatty acids (FAs) into mitochondria. Also, we have developed a protocol for quantification of SC-CARs, BCAA-derived metabolites. RESULTS Using metabolic profiling, we found that BCAA starvation leads to massive triglyceride (TG) synthesis and LD accumulation. This was associated with the suppression of activated FA transport into the mitochondrial matrix. The suppression of FA import into mitochondria was rescued with the inhibitor of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the activator of AMP kinase (AMPK), which both regulate carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1) activation status. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BCAA catabolism is required for the import of long chain carnitines (LC-CARs) into mitochondria, whereas the disruption of this link results in the redirection of activated FAs into TG synthesis and its deposition into LDs. We propose that this mechanism protects cells against mitochondrial overload with LC-CARs and it might be part of the universal reaction to amino acid perturbations during cancer growth, regulating FA handling and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gotvaldová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Špačková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Baslarová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic.
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15
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Polita A, Žvirblis R, Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė J, Shivabalan AP, Maleckaitė K, Valinčius G. Bimodal effects on lipid droplets induced in cancer and non-cancer cells by chemotherapy drugs as revealed with a green-emitting BODIPY fluorescent probe. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3022-3030. [PMID: 38426244 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytoplasmic lipid-rich organelles with important roles in lipid storage and metabolism, cell signaling and membrane biosynthesis. Additionally, multiple diseases, such as obesity, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, are related to the metabolic disorders of LDs. In various cancer cells, LD accumulation is associated with resistance to cell death, reduced effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, and increased proliferation and aggressiveness. In this work, we present a new viscosity-sensitive, green-emitting BODIPY probe capable of distinguishing between ordered and disordered lipid phases and selectively internalising into LDs of live cells. Through the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we demonstrate that LDs in live cancer (A549) and non-cancer (HEK 293T) cells have vastly different microviscosities. Additionally, we quantify the microviscosity changes in LDs under the influence of DNA-damaging chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and etoposide. Finally, we show that doxorubicin and etoposide have different effects on the microviscosities of LDs in chemotherapy-resistant A549 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artūras Polita
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.
| | - Rokas Žvirblis
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Arun Prabha Shivabalan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.
| | - Karolina Maleckaitė
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Valinčius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.
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16
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Bustraan S, Bennett J, Whilding C, Pennycook BR, Smith D, Barr AR, Read J, Carling D, Pollard A. AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses leptin expression independently of adipogenesis in primary murine adipocytes. Biochem J 2024; 481:345-362. [PMID: 38314646 PMCID: PMC11088909 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, defined as the development of mature adipocytes from stem cell precursors, is vital for the expansion, turnover and health of adipose tissue. Loss of adipogenic potential in adipose stem cells, or impairment of adipogenesis is now recognised as an underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction and is associated with metabolic disease. In this study, we sought to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of energy homeostasis, in adipogenesis. Primary murine adipose-derived stem cells were treated with a small molecule AMPK activator (BI-9774) during key phases of adipogenesis, to determine the effect of AMPK activation on adipocyte commitment, maturation and function. To determine the contribution of the repression of lipogenesis by AMPK in these processes, we compared the effect of pharmacological inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We show that AMPK activation inhibits adipogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Transient AMPK activation during adipogenic commitment leads to a significant, ACC-independent, repression of adipogenic transcription factor expression. Furthermore, we identify a striking, previously unexplored inhibition of leptin gene expression in response to both short-term and chronic AMPK activation irrespective of adipogenesis. These findings reveal that in addition to its effect on adipogenesis, AMPK activation switches off leptin gene expression in primary mouse adipocytes independently of adipogenesis. Our results identify leptin expression as a novel target of AMPK through mechanisms yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bustraan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jane Bennett
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Chad Whilding
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | | | - David Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jon Read
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David Carling
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Alice Pollard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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17
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Aizawa R, Ibayashi M, Mitsui J, Tsukamoto S. Lipid droplet formation is spatiotemporally regulated in oocytes during follicular development in mice. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:18-24. [PMID: 38105003 PMCID: PMC10902640 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between oocytes and the surrounding granulosa cells during follicular development is essential for complete oocyte growth. Oocytes contain lipid droplets (LDs), organelles assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that store neutral lipids, including triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Although the LD content varies among animals, LDs stored in oocytes have been shown to play an important role in oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development. However, knowledge is lacking regarding how and when LDs are initially produced in developing oocytes within follicles. In the present study, we found that LDs appeared in mouse oocytes in a specific phase during follicular development. The emergence of LDs in intrafollicular oocytes was induced within a similar time window in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy revealed that LDs emerging in oocytes during the early stages of follicular growth were in close proximity to the ER. Furthermore, fatty-acid-tracking experiments have revealed that exogenous fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into oocytes, and their uptake is regulated by the interaction between oocytes and granulosa cells, likely in part through transzonal projections. In summary, our results suggest that LD synthesis observed in growing oocytes is spatiotemporally regulated and that oocyte-granulosa cell contact may be involved in LD biosynthesis during follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Aizawa
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ibayashi
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Mitsui
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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18
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Mondal S, Ghosh S. Liposome-Mediated Anti-Viral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier: Can Lipid Droplet Target Be Game Changers? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:9. [PMID: 38123863 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that play a major role in lipid homeostasis. Recent research elucidates additional roles of LDs in cellular bioenergetics and innate immunity. LDs activate signaling cascades for interferon response and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since balanced lipid homeostasis is critical for neuronal health, LDs play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. RNA viruses enhance the secretion of LDs to support various phases of their life cycle in neurons which further leads to neurodegeneration. Targeting the excess LD formation in the brain could give us a new arsenal of antiviral therapeutics against neuroviruses. Liposomes are a suitable drug delivery system that could be used for drug delivery in the brain by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Utilizing this, various pharmacological inhibitors and non-coding RNAs can be delivered that could inhibit the biogenesis of LDs or reduce their sizes, reversing the excess lipid-related imbalance in neurons. Liposome-Mediated Antiviral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier. Developing effective antiviral drug is challenging and it doubles against neuroviruses that needs delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Lipid Droplets (LDs) are interesting targets for developing antivirals, hence targeting LD formation by drugs delivered using Liposomes can be game changers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourish Ghosh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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19
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Yang P, Li J, Zhang T, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Li H, Hua J, Wang WA, Wang J, Zhou H. Ionizing radiation-induced mitophagy promotes ferroptosis by increasing intracellular free fatty acids. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2432-2445. [PMID: 37828085 PMCID: PMC10657348 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron and an increase in hazardous lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis and autophagy are closely related. Ionizing radiation is a frequently used cancer therapy to kill malignancies. We found that ionizing radiation induces both ferroptosis and autophagy and that there is a form of mutualism between the two processes. Ionizing radiation also causes lipid droplets to form in proximity to damaged mitochondria, which, through the action of mitophagy, results in the degradation of the peridroplet mitochondria by lysosomes and the consequent release of free fatty acids and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, thus promoting ferroptosis. Ionizing radiation has a stronger, fatal effect on cells with a high level of mitophagy, and this observation suggests a novel strategy for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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20
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Kilwein MD, Johnson MR, Thomalla JM, Mahowald AP, Welte MA. Drosophila embryos spatially sort their nutrient stores to facilitate their utilization. Development 2023; 150:dev201423. [PMID: 36805634 PMCID: PMC10108605 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Animal embryos are provided by their mothers with a diverse nutrient supply that is crucial for development. In Drosophila, the three most abundant nutrients (triglycerides, proteins and glycogen) are sequestered in distinct storage structures: lipid droplets (LDs), yolk vesicles (YVs) and glycogen granules (GGs). Using transmission electron microscopy as well as live and fixed sample fluorescence imaging, we find that all three storage structures are dispersed throughout the egg but are then spatially allocated to distinct tissues by gastrulation: LDs largely to the peripheral epithelium, YVs and GGs to the central yolk cell. To confound the embryo's ability to sort its nutrients, we employ Jabba and mauve mutants to generate LD-GG and LD-YV compound structures. In these mutants, LDs are mis-sorted to the yolk cell and their turnover is delayed. Our observations demonstrate dramatic spatial nutrient sorting in early embryos and provide the first evidence for its functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Kilwein
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Matthew R. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A. Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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21
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Jusović M, Starič P, Jarc Jovičić E, Petan T. The Combined Inhibition of Autophagy and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase-Mediated Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Induces Cancer Cell Death during Acute Amino Acid Starvation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4857. [PMID: 37835551 PMCID: PMC10571868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles involved in the management of fatty acid trafficking and metabolism. Recent studies suggest that autophagy and LDs serve complementary roles in the protection against nutrient stress, but the autophagy-LD interplay in cancer cells is not well understood. Here, we examined the relationship between autophagy and LDs in starving HeLa cervical cancer- and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that acute amino acid depletion induces autophagy and promotes diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1)-mediated LD accumulation in HeLa cells. Inhibition of autophagy via late-stage autophagy inhibitors, or by knocking down autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), reduced LD accumulation in amino acid-starved cancer cells, suggesting that autophagy contributes to LD biogenesis. On the contrary, knockdown of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) increased LD accumulation, suggesting that LD breakdown is mediated by lipolysis under these conditions. Concurrent inhibition of autophagy by silencing ATG5 and of LD biogenesis using DGAT inhibitors was effective in killing starving HeLa cells, whereas cell survival was not compromised by suppression of ATGL-mediated lipolysis. Autophagy-dependent LD biogenesis was also observed in the aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells deprived of amino acids, but these cells were not sensitized to starvation by the combined inhibition of LD biogenesis and autophagy. These findings reveal that while targeting autophagy-driven and DGAT-mediated LD biogenesis reduces the resilience of HeLa cervical cancer cells to amino acid deprivation, this strategy may not be successful in other cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Jusović
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (P.S.); (E.J.J.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pia Starič
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (P.S.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Eva Jarc Jovičić
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (P.S.); (E.J.J.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (P.S.); (E.J.J.)
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22
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Ye Z, Hu C, Wang J, Liu H, Li L, Yuan J, Ha JW, Li Z, Xiao L. Burst of hopping trafficking correlated reversible dynamic interactions between lipid droplets and mitochondria under starvation. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230002. [PMID: 37933279 PMCID: PMC10582609 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic membrane contacts between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria play key roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Understanding the dynamics of LDs under energy stimulation is thereby crucial to disclosing the metabolic mechanism. Here, the reversible interactions between LDs and mitochondria are tracked in real-time using a robust LDs-specific fluorescent probe (LDs-Tags). Through tracking the dynamics of LDs at the single-particle level, spatiotemporal heterogeneity is revealed. LDs in starved cells communicate and integrate their activities (i.e., lipid exchange) through a membrane contact site-mediated mechanism. Thus the diffusion is intermittently alternated between active and confined states. Statistical analysis shows that the translocation of LDs in response to starvation stress is non-Gaussian, and obeys nonergodic-like behavior. These results provide deep understanding of the anomalous diffusion of LDs in living cells, and also afford guidance for rationally designing efficient transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Ye
- Department of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chengyuan Hu
- Department of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Luping Li
- Department of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of EnvironmentHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanNam‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lehui Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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23
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Vanni E, Lindner K, Gavin AC, Montessuit C. Differential intracellular management of fatty acids impacts on metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14805. [PMID: 37684349 PMCID: PMC10491837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of glucose uptake in response to ischemic metabolic stress is important for cardiomyocyte function and survival. Chronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to fatty acids (FA) impairs the stimulation of glucose uptake, whereas induction of lipid droplets (LD) is associated with preserved glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms by which LD induction prevents glucose uptake impairment remain elusive. We induced LD with either tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Triacylglycerol biosynthesis enzymes were inhibited in cardiomyocytes exposed to FA ± LD inducers, either upstream (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; GPAT) or downstream (diacylglycerol acyltransferases; DGAT) of the diacylglycerol step. Although both inhibitions reduced LD formation in cardiomyocytes treated with FA and LD inducers, only DGAT inhibition impaired metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. DGAT inhibition in FA plus TPA-treated cardiomyocytes reduced triacylglycerol but not diacylglycerol content, thus increasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio. In cardiomyocytes exposed to FA alone, GPAT inhibition reduced diacylglycerol but not triacylglycerol, thus decreasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio, prevented PKCδ activation and improved metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Changes in AMP-activated Protein Kinase activity failed to explain variations in metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, LD formation regulates metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in a manner best reflected by the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Vanni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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24
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Sarmento MJ, Llorente A, Petan T, Khnykin D, Popa I, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Jaganjac M. The expanding organelle lipidomes: current knowledge and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:237. [PMID: 37530856 PMCID: PMC10397142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in cell membranes and subcellular compartments play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, such as energy production, cell signaling and inflammation. A specific organelle lipidome is characterized by lipid synthesis and metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis in the organelle. Over the years, considerable effort has been directed to the identification of the lipid fingerprints of cellular organelles. However, these fingerprints are not fully characterized due to the large variety and structural complexity of lipids and the great variability in the abundance of different lipid species. The process becomes even more challenging when considering that the lipidome differs in health and disease contexts. This review summarizes the information available on the lipid composition of mammalian cell organelles, particularly the lipidome of the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and organelles in the endocytic pathway. The lipid compositions of extracellular vesicles and lamellar bodies are also described. In addition, several examples of subcellular lipidome dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions are presented. Finally, challenges in mapping organelle lipidomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iuliana Popa
- Pharmacy Department, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, University Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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25
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Enkler L, Szentgyörgyi V, Pennauer M, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Riezman I, Wiesyk A, Avraham RE, Spiess M, Zalckvar E, Kucharczyk R, Riezman H, Spang A. Arf1 coordinates fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1157-1172. [PMID: 37400497 PMCID: PMC10415182 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mobilization through fatty acid β-oxidation is a central process essential for energy production during nutrient shortage. In yeast, this catabolic process starts in the peroxisome from where β-oxidation products enter mitochondria and fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Little is known about the physical and metabolic cooperation between these organelles. Here we found that expression of fatty acid transporters and of the rate-limiting enzyme involved in β-oxidation is decreased in cells expressing a hyperactive mutant of the small GTPase Arf1, leading to an accumulation of fatty acids in lipid droplets. Consequently, mitochondria became fragmented and ATP synthesis decreased. Genetic and pharmacological depletion of fatty acids phenocopied the arf1 mutant mitochondrial phenotype. Although β-oxidation occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes in mammals, Arf1's role in fatty acid metabolism is conserved. Together, our results indicate that Arf1 integrates metabolism into energy production by regulating fatty acid storage and utilization, and presumably organelle contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aneta Wiesyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Reut Ester Avraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Hüsler D, Stauffer P, Hilbi H. Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:194-209. [PMID: 37429596 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hüsler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Miner GE, So CM, Edwards W, Ragusa JV, Wine JT, Wong Gutierrez D, Airola MV, Herring LE, Coleman RA, Klett EL, Cohen S. PLIN5 interacts with FATP4 at membrane contact sites to promote lipid droplet-to-mitochondria fatty acid transport. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1250-1265.e6. [PMID: 37290445 PMCID: PMC10525032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells adjust their metabolism by remodeling membrane contact sites that channel metabolites to different fates. Lipid droplet (LD)-mitochondria contacts change in response to fasting, cold exposure, and exercise. However, their function and mechanism of formation have remained controversial. We focused on perilipin 5 (PLIN5), an LD protein that tethers mitochondria, to probe the function and regulation of LD-mitochondria contacts. We demonstrate that efficient LD-to-mitochondria fatty acid (FA) trafficking and ß-oxidation during starvation of myoblasts are promoted by phosphorylation of PLIN5 and require an intact PLIN5 mitochondrial tethering domain. Using human and murine cells, we further identified the acyl-CoA synthetase, FATP4 (ACSVL4), as a mitochondrial interactor of PLIN5. The C-terminal domains of PLIN5 and FATP4 constitute a minimal protein interaction capable of inducing organelle contacts. Our work suggests that starvation leads to phosphorylation of PLIN5, lipolysis, and subsequent channeling of FAs from LDs to FATP4 on mitochondria for conversion to fatty-acyl-CoAs and subsequent oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christina M So
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joey V Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan T Wine
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel Wong Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric L Klett
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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29
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Zhou M, Huang J, Zhou J, Zhi C, Bai Y, Che Q, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Anti-Obesity Effect and Mechanism of Chitooligosaccharides Were Revealed Based on Lipidomics in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5595. [PMID: 37513467 PMCID: PMC10384603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a natural product from the ocean, and while many studies have reported its important role in metabolic diseases, no study has systematically elaborated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of COS. Herein, COSM (MW ≤ 3000 Da) was administered to diet-induced obese mice by oral gavage once daily for eight weeks. The results show that COSM administration reduced body weight; slowed weight gain; reduced serum Glu, insulin, NEFA, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels; increased serum HSL and HDL-C levels; improved inflammation; and reduced lipid droplet size in adipose tissue. Further lipidomic analysis of adipose tissue revealed that 31 lipid species are considered to be underlying lipid biomarkers in COS therapy. These lipids are mainly enriched in pathways involving insulin resistance, thermogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, glyceride metabolism and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which sheds light on the weight loss mechanism of COS. The Western blot assay demonstrated that COSM intervention can improve insulin resistance, inhibit de novo synthesis, and promote thermogenesis and β-oxidation in mitochondria by the AMPK pathway, thereby alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity. In short, our study can provide a more comprehensive direction for the application of COS in obesity based on molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingqing Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiting Zhi
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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30
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Li T, Jin Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Beyond energy provider: multifunction of lipid droplets in embryonic development. Biol Res 2023; 56:38. [PMID: 37438836 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery, lipid droplets (LDs) have been recognized to be sites of cellular energy reserves, providing energy when necessary to sustain cellular life activities. Many studies have reported large numbers of LDs in eggs and early embryos from insects to mammals. The questions of how LDs are formed, what role they play, and what their significance is for embryonic development have been attracting the attention of researchers. Studies in recent years have revealed that in addition to providing energy for embryonic development, LDs in eggs and embryos also function to resist lipotoxicity, resist oxidative stress, inhibit bacterial infection, and provide lipid and membrane components for embryonic development. Removal of LDs from fertilized eggs or early embryos artificially leads to embryonic developmental arrest and defects. This paper reviews recent studies to explain the role and effect mechanisms of LDs in the embryonic development of several species and the genes involved in the regulation. The review contributes to understanding the embryonic development mechanism and provides new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to embryonic developmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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31
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Yue M, Hu B, Li J, Chen R, Yuan Z, Xiao H, Chang H, Jiu Y, Cai K, Ding B. Coronaviral ORF6 protein mediates inter-organelle contacts and modulates host cell lipid flux for virus production. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112542. [PMID: 37218505 PMCID: PMC10308351 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) form inter-organelle contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promote their biogenesis, while LD contacts with mitochondria enhance β-oxidation of contained fatty acids. Viruses have been shown to take advantage of lipid droplets to promote viral production, but it remains unclear whether they also modulate the interactions between LDs and other organelles. Here, we showed that coronavirus ORF6 protein targets LDs and is localized to the mitochondria-LD and ER-LD contact sites, where it regulates LD biogenesis and lipolysis. At the molecular level, we find that ORF6 inserts into the LD lipid monolayer via its two amphipathic helices. ORF6 further interacts with ER membrane proteins BAP31 and USE1 to mediate ER-LDs contact formation. Additionally, ORF6 interacts with the SAM complex in the mitochondrial outer membrane to link mitochondria to LDs. In doing so, ORF6 promotes cellular lipolysis and LD biogenesis to reprogram host cell lipid flux and facilitate viral production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and TestingHubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhanChina
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hurong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Haishuang Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and TestingHubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhanChina
| | - Binbin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Cell Architecture Research InstituteHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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32
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Najt CP, Adhikari S, Heden TD, Cui W, Gansemer ER, Rauckhorst AJ, Markowski TW, Higgins L, Kerr EW, Boyum MD, Alvarez J, Brunko S, Mehra D, Puchner EM, Taylor EB, Mashek DG. Organelle interactions compartmentalize hepatic fatty acid trafficking and metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112435. [PMID: 37104088 PMCID: PMC10278152 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle interactions play a significant role in compartmentalizing metabolism and signaling. Lipid droplets (LDs) interact with numerous organelles, including mitochondria, which is largely assumed to facilitate lipid transfer and catabolism. However, quantitative proteomics of hepatic peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and cytosolic mitochondria (CM) reveals that CM are enriched in proteins comprising various oxidative metabolism pathways, whereas PDM are enriched in proteins involved in lipid anabolism. Isotope tracing and super-resolution imaging confirms that fatty acids (FAs) are selectively trafficked to and oxidized in CM during fasting. In contrast, PDM facilitate FA esterification and LD expansion in nutrient-replete medium. Additionally, mitochondrion-associated membranes (MAM) around PDM and CM differ in their proteomes and ability to support distinct lipid metabolic pathways. We conclude that CM and CM-MAM support lipid catabolic pathways, whereas PDM and PDM-MAM allow hepatocytes to efficiently store excess lipids in LDs to prevent lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D Heden
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erica R Gansemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew D Boyum
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sophia Brunko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dushyant Mehra
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elias M Puchner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Thomes PG, Strupp MS, Donohue TM, Kubik JL, Sweeney S, Mahmud R, Schott MB, Schulze RJ, McNiven MA, Casey CA. Hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 11 accumulation on lipid droplets promotes ethanol-induced cellular steatosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103071. [PMID: 36849008 PMCID: PMC10060109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat-storing organelles enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer, which harbors membrane-associated proteins that regulate distinct LD functions. LD proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and/or by lysosomes. Because chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption diminishes the hepatic functions of the UPS and lysosomes, we hypothesized that continuous EtOH consumption slows the breakdown of lipogenic LD proteins targeted for degradation, thereby causing LD accumulation. Here, we report that LDs from livers of EtOH-fed rats exhibited higher levels of polyubiquitylated-proteins, linked at either lysine 48 (directed to proteasome) or lysine 63 (directed to lysosomes) than LDs from pair-fed control rats. MS proteomics of LD proteins, immunoprecipitated with UB remnant motif antibody (K-ε-GG), identified 75 potential UB proteins, of which 20 were altered by chronic EtOH administration. Among these, hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 11 (HSD17β11) was prominent. Immunoblot analyses of LD fractions revealed that EtOH administration enriched HSD17β11 localization to LDs. When we overexpressed HSD17β11 in EtOH-metabolizing VA-13 cells, the steroid dehydrogenase 11 became principally localized to LDs, resulting in elevated cellular triglycerides (TGs). Ethanol exposure augmented cellular TG, while HSD17β11 siRNA decreased both control and EtOH-induced TG accumulation. Remarkably, HSD17β11 overexpression lowered the LD localization of adipose triglyceride lipase. EtOH exposure further reduced this localization. Reactivation of proteasome activity in VA-13 cells blocked the EtOH-induced rises in both HSD17β11 and TGs. Our findings indicate that EtOH exposure blocks HSD17β11 degradation by inhibiting the UPS, thereby stabilizing HSD17β11 on LD membranes, to prevent lipolysis by adipose triglyceride lipase and promote cellular LD accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Thomes
- Department of Veterans' Affairs, VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Michael S Strupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Terence M Donohue
- Department of Veterans' Affairs, VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacy L Kubik
- Department of Veterans' Affairs, VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sarah Sweeney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Mahmud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ryan J Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Veterans' Affairs, VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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A Perspective on the Link between Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) and Lipid Droplets Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030414. [PMID: 36979106 PMCID: PMC10045954 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which control several processes, such as the ER stress response, mitochondrial and ER dynamics, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. MAMs represent an important platform for transport of non-vesicular phospholipids and cholesterol. Therefore, this region is highly enriched in proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including the enzymes that catalyze esterification of cholesterol into cholesteryl esters (CE) and synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fatty acids (FAs), which are then stored in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, through contact with other organelles, prevent the toxic consequences of accumulation of unesterified (free) lipids, including lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and serve as lipid reservoirs that can be used under multiple metabolic and physiological conditions. The LDs break down by autophagy releases of stored lipids for energy production and synthesis of membrane components and other macromolecules. Pathological lipid deposition and autophagy disruption have both been reported to occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, supporting that lipid metabolism alterations are major players in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of MAMs structure and function, focusing on their roles in lipid metabolism and the importance of autophagy in LDs metabolism, as well as the changes that occur in neurogenerative diseases.
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NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation contributes to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus by increasing the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the choroid plexus. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:574-586. [PMID: 36869068 PMCID: PMC10073156 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a severe complication that can result from intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if this hemorrhage extends into the ventricles. Our previous study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in the choroid plexus epithelium. However, the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus remains unclear, and therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment are lacking. In this study, an Nlrp3-/- rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell culture were used to investigate the potential effects of NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation and its role in the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The data indicated that NLRP3-mediated dysfunction of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSFB) accelerated neurological deficits and hydrocephalus, at least in part, through the formation of lipid droplets in the choroid plexus; these lipid droplets interacted with mitochondria and increased the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that destroyed tight junctions in the choroid plexus after intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension. This study broadens the current understanding of the relationship among NLRP3, lipid droplets and the B-CSFB and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Strategies to protect the B-CSFB may be effective therapeutic approaches for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Ouyang Q, Chen Q, Ke S, Ding L, Yang X, Rong P, Feng W, Cao Y, Wang Q, Li M, Su S, Wei W, Liu M, Liu J, Zhang X, Li JZ, Wang HY, Chen S. Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for lipid droplets in skeletal muscle. Dev Cell 2023; 58:289-305.e6. [PMID: 36800997 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic interaction between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria controls the mobilization of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from LDs for mitochondrial β-oxidation in skeletal muscle in response to energy stress. However, little is known about the composition and regulation of the tethering complex mediating LD-mitochondrion interaction. Here, we identify Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for LDs forming the tethering complex with the LD-associated PLIN5 in skeletal muscle. In rat L6 skeletal muscle cells, the energy sensor AMPK increases the GTP-bound active Rab8a that promotes LD-mitochondrion interaction through binding to PLIN5 upon starvation. The assembly of the Rab8a-PLIN5 tethering complex also recruits the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which couples LCFA mobilization from LDs with its transfer into mitochondria for β-oxidation. Rab8a deficiency impairs fatty acid utilization and decreases endurance during exercise in a mouse model. These findings may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on lipid homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shunyuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Weikuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Wen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Minjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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Ashour H, Rashed LA, Hassanein RTM, Aboulhoda BE, Ebrahim HA, Elsayed MH, Elkordy MA, Abdelwahed OM. Thymoquinone and quercetin protect against hepatic steatosis in association with SIRT1/AMPK stimulation and regulation of autophagy, perilipin-2, and cytosolic lipases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:268-281. [PMID: 36264662 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate thymoquinone (TQ)/quercetin combination in preventing hepatic steatosis (HS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The included rat groups; (1) Control, (2) HS model, (3) HS treated with TQ 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, (4) HS treated with quercetin 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, and (5) HS treated with both compounds for 4 weeks. RESULTS TQ/quercetin co-treatment augmented the anti-steatosis potential of each ingredient. The results revealed more (p < 0.001) sirtuin (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) upregulation compared to each treatment in line with autophagy protein Atg7 enhancement, and suppressed pro-inflammatory and oxidation markers. They diminished the hepatic lipogenic enzymes and perilipin-2 and activated the cytosolic lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Histological and Biochemical analysis revealed diminished lipid deposition and improved liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) compared to the data of separate treatments. CONCLUSION TQ and quercitin effectively upregulated SIRT1/p-AMPK and regulated hepatic perilipin-2/ATGL, inflammation and oxidative stress, preserved liver structure and function. TQ/quercetin combination additively prevents HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa T M Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa A Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miran A Elkordy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Abdelwahed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Peonidin-3-O-Glucoside from Purple Corncob Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Mitochondrial and Lysosome Functions to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020372. [PMID: 36678243 PMCID: PMC9866220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A frequent chronic liver condition across the world is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation is generally considered to be the main cause of NAFLD. Anthocyanins can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve oxidative stress. In this work, six major anthocyanins were separated from purple corncob by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The effects of the 6 kinds of anthocyanins against NAFLD were investigated using a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced cell model. The results showed that peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in the NAFLD cell model. The treatment with P3G also inhibited oxidative stress via inhibiting the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, increasing glutathione levels, and enhancing the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Further studies unveiled that treatment with P3G not only alleviated inflammation but also improved the depletion of mitochondrial content and damage of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain developed concomitantly in the cell model. P3G upregulated transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal function and activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-mediated peroxisomal lipid oxidation by interacting with PPARα possibly. Overall, this study added to our understanding of the protective effects of purple corn anthocyanins against NAFLD and offered suggestions for developing functional foods containing these anthocyanins.
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Amartuvshin O, Hsu HJ, Liu SL, Yao JS, Yih LH. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase impaired tubulin palmitoylation and induced spindle abnormalities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36617578 PMCID: PMC9826786 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin s-palmitoylation involves the thioesterification of a cysteine residue in tubulin with palmitate. The palmitate moiety is produced by the fatty acid synthesis pathway, which is rate-limited by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). While it is known that ACC is phosphorylated at serine 79 (pSer79) by AMPK and accumulates at the spindle pole (SP) during mitosis, a functional role for tubulin palmitoylation during mitosis has not been identified. In this study, we found that modulating pSer79-ACC level at the SP using AMPK agonist and inhibitor induced spindle defects. Loss of ACC function induced spindle abnormalities in cell lines and in germ cells of the Drosophila germarium, and palmitic acid (PA) rescued the spindle defects in the cell line treated transiently with the ACC inhibitor, TOFA. Furthermore, inhibition of protein palmitoylating or depalmitoylating enzymes also induced spindle defects. Together, these data suggested that precisely regulated cellular palmitate level and protein palmitoylation may be required for accurate spindle assembly. We then showed that tubulin was largely palmitoylated in interphase cells but less palmitoylated in mitotic cells. TOFA treatment diminished tubulin palmitoylation at doses that disrupt microtubule (MT) instability and cause spindle defects. Moreover, spindle MTs comprised of α-tubulins mutated at the reported palmitoylation site exhibited disrupted dynamic instability. We also found that TOFA enhanced the MT-targeting drug-induced spindle abnormalities and cytotoxicity. Thus, our study reveals that precise regulation of ACC during mitosis impacts tubulin palmitoylation to delicately control MT dynamic instability and spindle assembly, thereby safeguarding nuclear and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oyundari Amartuvshin
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Long Liu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Syuan Yao
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Guo Y, Shi X, Chen X, Feng W, Wu LL, Zhang J, Yu S, Wang Y, Shi Y. An Overview: The Diversified Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:897-915. [PMID: 36778129 PMCID: PMC9910000 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in energy production, cell metabolism and cell signaling. They are essential not only in the process of ATP synthesis, lipid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism, but also in tumor development and metastasis. Mutations in mtDNA are commonly found in cancer cells to promote the rewiring of bioenergetics and biosynthesis, various metabolites especially oncometabolites in mitochondria regulate tumor metabolism and progression. And mutation of enzymes in the TCA cycle leads to the unusual accumulation of certain metabolites and oncometabolites. Mitochondria have been demonstrated as the target for cancer treatment. Cancer cells rely on two main energy resources: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By manipulating OXPHOS genes or adjusting the metabolites production in mitochondria, tumor growth can be restrained. For example, enhanced complex I activity increases NAD+/NADH to prevent metastasis and progression of cancers. In this review, we discussed mitochondrial function in cancer cell metabolism and specially explored the unique role of mitochondria in cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment. Targeting the OXPHOS pathway and mitochondria-related metabolism emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xi Chen, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei-Lei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Pagliari F, Sogne E, Panella D, Perozziello G, Liberale C, Das G, Turdo A, Di Franco S, Seco J, Falqui A, Gratteri S, Pujia A, Di Fabrizio E, Candeloro P, Tirinato L. Correlative Raman-Electron-Light (CREL) Microscopy Analysis of Lipid Droplets in Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1102. [PMID: 36551069 PMCID: PMC9776032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among all neoplasms, melanoma is characterized by a very high percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several markers have been proposed for their identification, and lipid droplets (LDs) are among them. Different techniques are used for their characterization such as mass spectrometry, imaging techniques, and vibrational spectroscopies. Some emerging experimental approaches for the study of LDs are represented by correlative light-electron microscopy and by correlative Raman imaging-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on these scientific approaches, we developed a novel methodology (CREL) by combining Raman micro-spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and SEM coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy module. This procedure correlated cellular morphology, chemical properties, and spatial distribution from the same region of interest, and in this work, we presented the application of CREL for the analysis of LDs within patient-derived melanoma CSCs (MCSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisa Sogne
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- PoliFAB, Polytechnic of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panella
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gobind Das
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Chen K, Li W, Xu K. Super-multiplexing excitation spectral microscopy with multiple fluorescence bands. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6048-6060. [PMID: 36733753 PMCID: PMC9872899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy, with high molecular specificity and selectivity, is a valuable tool for studying complex biological systems and processes. However, the ability to distinguish a large number of distinct subcellular structures in a single sample is impeded by the broad spectra of molecular fluorescence. We have recently shown that excitation spectral microscopy provides a powerful means to unmix up to six fluorophores in a single fluorescence band. Here, by working with multiple fluorescence bands, we extend this approach to the simultaneous imaging of up to ten targets, with the potential for further expansions. By covering the excitation/emission bandwidth across the full visible range, an ultra-broad 24-wavelength excitation scheme is established through frame-synchronized scanning of the excitation wavelength from a white lamp via an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), so that full-frame excitation-spectral images are obtained every 24 camera frames, offering superior spectral information and multiplexing capability. With numerical simulations, we validate the concurrent imaging of 10 fluorophores spanning the visible range to achieve exceptionally low (∼0.5%) crosstalks. For cell imaging experiments, we demonstrate unambiguous identification of up to eight different intracellular structures labeled by common fluorophores of substantial spectral overlap with minimal color crosstalks. We thus showcase an easy-to-implement, cost-effective microscopy system for visualizing complex cellular components with more colors and lower crosstalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Chemistry & California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Chemistry & California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry & California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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43
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Singh J, Sanghavi P, Mallik R. Microtubule motor driven interactions of lipid droplets: Specificities and opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893375. [PMID: 36200039 PMCID: PMC9527339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid Droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved cellular organelles that store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol and cholesterol-esters. Neutral lipids are enclosed within the limiting membrane of the LD, which is a monolayer of phospholipids and is therefore fundamentally different from the bilayer membrane enclosing most other organelles. LDs have long been viewed as a storehouse of lipids needed on demand for generating energy and membranes inside cells. Outside this classical view, we are now realizing that LDs have significant roles in protein sequestration, supply of signalling lipids, viral replication, lipoprotein production and many other functions of important physiological consequence. To execute such functions, LDs must often exchange lipids and proteins with other organelles (e.g., the ER, lysosomes, mitochondria) via physical contacts. But before such exchanges can occur, how does a micron-sized LD with limited ability to diffuse around find its cognate organelle? There is growing evidence that motor protein driven motion of LDs along microtubules may facilitate such LD-organelle interactions. We will summarize some aspects of LD motion leading to LD-organelle contacts, how these change with metabolic state and pathogen infections, and also ask how these pathways could perhaps be targeted selectively in the context of disease and drug delivery. Such a possibility arises because the binding of motor proteins to the monolayer membrane on LDs could be different from motor binding to the membrane on other cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjeet Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Roop Mallik, ; Jagjeet Singh,
| | - Paulomi Sanghavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Roop Mallik
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Roop Mallik, ; Jagjeet Singh,
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Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapies: A Spotlight on Lipid Droplets and SREBF1 Gene. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184454. [PMID: 36139614 PMCID: PMC9497419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and the high expression of genes involved in LD formation, such as SREBF1 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1), are attributed to cancer cell resistance against anticancer drugs and poor prognosis. We assessed lung cancer cells with and without LDs for their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics cisplatin and etoposide. In either serum-free basal medium or inflammatory supernatants generated during neutrophil degranulation in vitro, both drugs strongly reduced SREBF1 expression, which did not parallel with LD formation and cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Nevertheless, under basal conditions, SREBF1 expression in cancer cells correlated with LD levels, and the lower expression of SREBF1 in tumors than in adjacent nontumor tissues showed a prognostic value for overall better survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Strategies targeting lipid metabolism in cancer are promising therapeutic and/or diagnostic approaches. Abstract To explore the relationship between cancer cell SREBF1 expression, lipid droplets (LDs) formation, and the sensitivity to chemotherapies, we cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells H1299 (with LD) and H1563 (without LD) in a serum-free basal medium (BM) or neutrophil degranulation products containing medium (NDM), and tested cell responses to cisplatin and etoposide. By using the DESeq2 Bioconductor package, we detected 674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NDM/BM differences between two cell lines, many of these genes were associated with the regulation of sterol and cholesterol biosynthesis processes. Specifically, SREBF1 markedly declined in both cell lines cultured in NDM or when treated with chemotherapeutics. Despite the latter, H1563 exhibited LD formation and resistance to etoposide, but not to cisplatin. Although H1299 cells preserved LDs, these cells were similarly sensitive to both drugs. In a cohort of 292 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, a lower SREBF1 expression in tumors than in adjacent nontumor tissue correlated with overall better survival, specifically in patients with adenocarcinoma at stage I. Our findings imply that a direct correlation between SREBF1 and LD accumulation can be lost due to the changes in cancer cell environment and/or chemotherapy. The role of LDs in lung cancer development and response to therapies remains to be examined in more detail.
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Pinson A, Xing L, Namba T, Kalebic N, Peters J, Oegema CE, Traikov S, Reppe K, Riesenberg S, Maricic T, Derihaci R, Wimberger P, Pääbo S, Huttner WB. Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals. Science 2022; 377:eabl6422. [PMID: 36074851 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neanderthal brains were similar in size to those of modern humans. We sought to investigate potential differences in neurogenesis during neocortex development. Modern human transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) differs from Neanderthal TKTL1 by a lysine-to-arginine amino acid substitution. Using overexpression in developing mouse and ferret neocortex, knockout in fetal human neocortical tissue, and genome-edited cerebral organoids, we found that the modern human variant, hTKTL1, but not the Neanderthal variant, increases the abundance of basal radial glia (bRG) but not that of intermediate progenitors (bIPs). bRG generate more neocortical neurons than bIPs. The hTKTL1 effect requires the pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid synthesis. Inhibition of these metabolic pathways reduces bRG abundance in fetal human neocortical tissue. Our data suggest that neocortical neurogenesis in modern humans differs from that in Neanderthals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneline Pinson
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Xing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Takashi Namba
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nereo Kalebic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jula Peters
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sofia Traikov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Riesenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomislav Maricic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Razvan Derihaci
- Technische Universität Dresden, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Technische Universität Dresden, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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46
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Guyard V, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Omrane M, Sauvanet C, Houcine A, Boulogne C, Ben Mbarek K, Vitale N, Faklaris O, El Khallouki N, Thiam AR, Giordano F. ORP5 and ORP8 orchestrate lipid droplet biogenesis and maintenance at ER-mitochondria contact sites. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202112107. [PMID: 35969857 PMCID: PMC9375143 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the primary organelles of lipid storage, buffering energy fluctuations of the cell. They store neutral lipids in their core that is surrounded by a protein-decorated phospholipid monolayer. LDs arise from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER protein seipin, localizing at ER-LD junctions, controls LD nucleation and growth. However, how LD biogenesis is spatially and temporally coordinated remains elusive. Here, we show that the lipid transfer proteins ORP5 and ORP8 control LD biogenesis at mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) subdomains, enriched in phosphatidic acid. We found that ORP5/8 regulates seipin recruitment to these MAM-LD contacts, and their loss impairs LD biogenesis. Importantly, the integrity of ER-mitochondria contact sites is crucial for ORP5/8 function in regulating seipin-mediated LD biogenesis. Our study uncovers an unprecedented ORP5/8 role in orchestrating LD biogenesis and maturation at MAMs and brings novel insights into the metabolic crosstalk between mitochondria, ER, and LDs at the membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Guyard
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vera Filipa Monteiro-Cardoso
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Sauvanet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Houcine
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Boulogne
- Imagerie-Gif, Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kalthoum Ben Mbarek
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR-321267000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- MRI, BioCampus Montpellier, CRBM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Naima El Khallouki
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhao P, Han H, Wu X, Wu J, Ren Z. ARP2/3 Regulates Fatty Acid Synthesis by Modulating Lipid Droplets' Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158730. [PMID: 35955862 PMCID: PMC9368945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs) provides energy and contributes to the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that motility plays a key role in LD breakdown. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LD motility were poorly characterized. In this study, we examined the function of microfilament-associated proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2 and ARP3) in regulating LDs’ motility in Hela cells. ARP2/3 mediated the LDs’ physical contact with F-actin and promoted the recruitment of Myosin Heavy Chain 9 (MYH9). MYH9 regulated the LD content by binding with LDs and ARP2/3. The number of LDs and TG content was increased after MYH9 interfered. The genes related to FA-related genes and neutral lipid synthesis-related genes were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when ARP2 and ARP3 were overexpressed. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the high expression of ARP2/3 was associated with a poorer prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). This study showed the effect of cytoskeletal filaments on LD metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Han
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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48
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Li J, Wang R, Chen Q, Tian Y, Gao L, Lei A. Salidroside improves porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by promoting lipid metabolism. Theriogenology 2022; 192:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Short O-GlcNAcase Is Targeted to the Mitochondria and Regulates Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Level. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111827. [PMID: 35681522 PMCID: PMC9180253 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification involved in the regulation of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. Only two enzymes, OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) and OGA (O-GlcNAcase), control the attachment and removal of O-GlcNAc on proteins, respectively. Whereas a variant OGT (mOGT) has been proposed as the main isoform that O-GlcNAcylates proteins in mitochondria, identification of a mitochondrial OGA has not been performed yet. Two splice variants of OGA (short and long isoforms) have been described previously. In this work, using cell fractionation experiments, we show that short-OGA is preferentially recovered in mitochondria-enriched fractions from HEK-293T cells and RAW 264.7 cells, as well as mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, fluorescent microscopy imaging confirmed that GFP-tagged short-OGA is addressed to mitochondria. In addition, using a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation biosensor, we show that co-transfection of short-OGA markedly reduced O-GlcNAcylation of the biosensor, whereas long-OGA had no significant effect. Finally, using genetically encoded or chemical fluorescent mitochondrial probes, we show that short-OGA overexpression increases mitochondrial ROS levels, whereas long-OGA has no significant effect. Together, our work reveals that the short-OGA isoform is targeted to the mitochondria where it regulates ROS homoeostasis.
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50
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Li L, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng N, Gu Y, Song Y, Wang X. Regulatory roles of external cholesterol in human airway epithelial mitochondrial function through STARD3 signalling. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e902. [PMID: 35678098 PMCID: PMC9178408 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is found in patients with chronic lung inflammation, during which airway epithelial cells play important roles in maintenance of inflammatory responses to pathogens. The present study aims at molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol changes airway epithelial sensitivity in response to smoking. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and mice were exposed to CS/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as models in vitro and in vivo. Severe COPD patients and healthy volunteers were also enrolled and the level of cholesterol in plasma was detected by metabolomics. Filipin III and elisa kits were used to stain free cholesterol. Mitochondrial function was detected by mitotracker green, mitotracker green, and Seahorse. Mitochondrial morphology was detected by high content screening and electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively. BODIPY 493/503 was used to stain lipid droplets. Lipidomics was used to detect intracellular lipid components. The mRNA level of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We found that the cholesterol overload was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and airway epithelia-driven inflammation, evidenced by hypercholesterolemia in patients with COPD and preclinical models, alteration of lipid metabolism-associated genes in CSE-induced airway epithelia and production of ILs. External cholesterol altered airway epithelial sensitivity of inflammation in response to CSE, through the regulation of STARD3-MFN2 pathway, cholesterol re-distribution, altered transport and accumulation of cholesterol, activities of lipid transport regulators and disorder of mitochondrial function and dynamics. MFN2 down-regulation increased airway epithelial sensitivity and production of ILs after smoking, at least partially by injuring fatty acid oxidation and activating mTOR phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new insights for understanding molecular mechanisms of cholesterol-altered airway epithelial inflammation and for developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yifei Liu
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and TherapyThe Second Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
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