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Li WW, Fan XX, Xu ZS, Zhu ZX, Zhu ZY, Cao XJ, Pei DS, Wang YZ, Zhang JY, Wang YY, Zheng HX. BLK positively regulates TLR/IL-1R signaling by catalyzing TOLLIP phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302081. [PMID: 38078859 PMCID: PMC10711807 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR/IL-1R signaling plays a critical role in sensing various harmful foreign pathogens and mounting efficient innate and adaptive immune responses, and it is tightly controlled by intracellular regulators at multiple levels. In particular, TOLLIP forms a constitutive complex with IRAK1 and sequesters it in the cytosol to maintain the kinase in an inactive conformation under unstimulated conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms by which IRAK1 dissociates from TOLLIP to activate TLR/IL-1R signaling remain obscure. Herein, we show that BLK positively regulates TLR/IL-1R-mediated inflammatory response. BLK-deficient mice produce less inflammatory cytokines and are more resistant to death upon IL-1β challenge. Mechanistically, BLK is preassociated with IL1R1 and IL1RAcP in resting cells. IL-1β stimulation induces heterodimerization of IL1R1 and IL1RAcP, which further triggers BLK autophosphorylation at Y309. Activated BLK directly phosphorylates TOLLIP at Y76/86/152 and further promotes TOLLIP dissociation from IRAK1, thereby facilitating TLR/IL-1R-mediated signal transduction. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of BLK as an active regulatory component in TLR/IL-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan-Shi Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Li WW, Fan XX, Zhu ZX, Cao XJ, Zhu ZY, Pei DS, Wang YZ, Zhang JY, Wang YY, Zheng HX. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRF3 by BLK facilitates its sufficient activation and innate antiviral response. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011742. [PMID: 37871014 PMCID: PMC10621992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection triggers the activation of transcription factor IRF3, and its activity is precisely regulated for robust antiviral immune response and effective pathogen clearance. However, how full activation of IRF3 is achieved has not been well defined. Herein, we identified BLK as a key kinase that positively modulates IRF3-dependent signaling cascades and executes a pre-eminent antiviral effect. BLK deficiency attenuates RNA or DNA virus-induced ISRE activation, interferon production and the cellular antiviral response in human and murine cells, whereas overexpression of BLK has the opposite effects. BLK-deficient mice exhibit lower serum cytokine levels and higher lethality after VSV infection. Moreover, BLK deficiency impairs the secretion of downstream antiviral cytokines and promotes Senecavirus A (SVA) proliferation, thereby supporting SVA-induced oncolysis in an in vivo xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, viral infection triggers BLK autophosphorylation at tyrosine 309. Subsequently, activated BLK directly binds and phosphorylates IRF3 at tyrosine 107, which further promotes TBK1-induced IRF3 S386 and S396 phosphorylation, facilitating sufficient IRF3 activation and downstream antiviral response. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting BLK enhances viral clearance via specifically regulating IRF3 phosphorylation by a previously undefined mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan-Shi Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Fu T, Zuo Y, Xue G, Zhou D, Pan Z. Discovery of 2,5-diaminopyrimidine derivatives as the first series of selective monomeric degraders of B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115460. [PMID: 37163946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) is an important knot of B cell receptor signaling, and regulates the function and development of B cells subset. Dysfunction of BLK is correlated with autoimmune diseases and cancer. There is an urgent need to develop selective BLK modulators to facilitate the studies of BLK in biological processes. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of 2,5-diaminopyrimidine-based compounds capable of selectively degrading BLK. The optimized compounds 9-11 possess weak biochemical inhibitory activities against BLK, yet they effectively degrade BLK and show high selectivity for BLK over other structurally and functionally related SRC family and TEC family kinases. Furthermore, compounds 9 and 11 demonstrate potent inhibitory activities in several B-lymphoid cell lines. As the first series of effective and selective monomeric BLK degraders, compounds 9-11 serve as valuable tools for further investigation of the functions of BLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingying Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Danli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Xu Y, Xu J, Qiao R, Zhong H, Xia J, Zhong R. Loss of BLK expression as a potential predictor of poor prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade response in NSCLC and contribute to tumor progression. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101671. [PMID: 37068401 PMCID: PMC10127141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proved to have significant anti-tumor effect in the clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, biomarkers predicting ICB response can provide better treatment for patients with NSCLC. METHODS Differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified by ImmuCellAI database. Copy number alteration (CNA) was analyzed by cBioPortal. The predicted efficiency of 4 genes on cancer immunotherapy was assessed by ROC analysis. The survival value of BLK was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter and Prognoscan analysis. Clinical significance of BLK IHC-TMA score in NSCLC was also explored. The CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, western blot assay in vitro and subcutaneous xenograft experiments in vivo were used for investigating the functions of BLK. The RNA-sequencing were performed to screen BLK regulated genes and conducted for GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. The transcriptional regulatory factor of BLK promoter region was predicted by ChIP-seq analysis. RESULTS 39 common DEGs between ICB Response (R) group and No Response (NR) group with NSCLC were identified, in which the CNA frequency of BLK deletion (> 6%) was found. The predicted efficiency of BLK on immunotherapy was performed best in NSCLC (AUC>0.7). Low expression of BLK was related to NSCLC with significantly poor prognosis. BLK overexpression can inhibit growth of NSCLC via activating apoptosis pathway, inhibiting the G2M checkpoint and Glycolysis pathway. The enrichment analysis indicated that BLK regulated genes related to oncogenic potential in NSCLC. Besides, BLK expression was inhibited via H3K27me3 modification in A549 and H1299 cells. BLK mRNA level was negatively correlated with methylation and positively correlated with the tumor purity in NSCLC. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence that low expression of BLK may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in NSCLC, while response to ICB therapy and contributes to NSCLC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Ni J, Li X, Tu X, Zhu H, Wang S, Hou Y, Dou H. Halofuginone ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus by targeting Blk in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109487. [PMID: 36493694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells participated in the pathogenesis of SLE. MDSCs has been considered a potential therapeutic target for lupus. As traditional Chinese medicine, Halofuginone (HF) has the extensive immunomodulatory effects on some autoimmune disorders. Our research was dedicated to discovering therapeutic efficacy of HF for lupus to explore novel mechanisms on MDSCs. We found that HF prominently alleviated the systemic symptoms especially nephritis in Imiquimod-induced lupus mice, and simultaneously repaired the immune system, reflected in the alteration of autoantibodies. HF diminished the quantity of MDSCs in lupus mice, and induced apoptosis of MDSCs. Through RNA sequencing performed on the sorted MDSC from lupus mice and HF-treated lupus mice, B lymphoid tyrosine kinase (Blk, a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase) was screened as the target molecule of HF. It's proven that HF had two independent effects on Blk. On the one hand, HF increased the mRNA expression of Blk in MDSCs by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 heterodimer. On the other hand, HF enhanced the kinase activity of Blk in MDSCs through direct molecular binding. We further investigated that Blk suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream ERK signaling pathway to increase the apoptosis of MDSCs. In conclusion, our study illustrated that HF alleviated the disease progression of lupus mice by targeting Blk to promote the apoptosis of MDSCs, which indicated the immunotherapeutic potential of HF to treat lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Tu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
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Chai J, Wang Q, Qiu Q, Han G, Chen Y, Li W, Zhang H. YBX1 regulates the survival of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by modulating m6A-mediated YWHAZ stability. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:451-464. [PMID: 36512307 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that harbor Philadelphia chromosome (Ph chromosome). In clinic, leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in CML are insensitive to the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and are responsible for disease relapse. However, the molecular mechanisms for maintaining LSCs survival remain elusive. METHODS CML patient-derived cell lines and BCR-ABL-induced CML mouse model were used to explore the role of YBX1 in regulating the survival of CML LSCs. Bone marrow transduction and transplantation, and colony-forming unit assay were used to investigate LSC function. The underlying mechanism of how YBX1 regulates LSCs survival were assessed using flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, western blot, RNA decay assay, co-immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Here we show that RNA-binding protein YBX1 plays an important role in regulating survival of CML LSCs. We find that YBX1 expression is significantly increased in CML cells, and confirm that YBX1 is required for maintaining survival of LSCs. Deletion of YBX1 impairs the propagation of CML through blocking cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of LSCs. Mechanistically, we find that YBX1 regulates expression of apoptotic associated genes. YBX1 cooperates with RNA m6A reader IGF2BPs to stabilize YWHAZ transcript in an m6A-dependent manner, and loss of YBX1 decreases YWHAZ expression by accelerating mRNA decay. Restoration of YWHAZ efficiently rescues the defects of YBX1-deficient CML cells. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a critical role of YBX1 in maintaining survival of CML LSCs, which provides a rationale for targeting YBX1 in CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Chai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhou RS, Zhao JZ, Guo LM, Guo JL, Makawy AE, Li ZY, Lee SC. The novel antitumor compound clinopodiside A induces cytotoxicity via autophagy mediated by the signaling of BLK and RasGRP2 in T24 bladder cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982860. [PMID: 36199691 PMCID: PMC9527273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of clinopodiside A and the underlying mechanisms using T24 bladder cancer cells as an experimental model. We found that the compound inhibited the growth of the bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a in a concentration- and dose-dependent manner, respectively, which showed a combinational effect when used together with cisplatin. In the bladder cancer cells, clinopodiside A caused autophagy, which was mediated by the signaling of BLK and RasGRP2, independently. Inhibition of the autophagy by chemical inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by the inhibition of the signaling molecules attenuated the cytotoxicity of clinopodiside A. Further analyses showed that clinopodiside A acted in synergism with cisplatin which itself could trigger both autophagy and apoptosis, which occurred with concomitant enhancements in autophagy and the cisplatin-evoked apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that clinopodiside A inhibits the growth of the bladder cancer cells via BLK- and RasGRP2-mediated autophagy. The synergistic effect between clinopodiside A and cisplatin is attributed to the increases in autophagy and autophagy-promoted apoptosis. Clinopodiside A is a promising investigational drug for the treatment of cancer, at least blabber, which can be used alone or in combination with clinical drug(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jia Li Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aida El Makawy
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Zong Yun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zong Yun Li, ; Shao Chin Lee,
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zong Yun Li, ; Shao Chin Lee,
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8
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Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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9
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Ali MW, Chen J, Yan L, Wang X, Dai JY, Vaughan TL, Casey G, Buas MF. A risk variant for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma at chr8p23.1 affects enhancer activity and implicates multiple gene targets. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3975-3986. [PMID: 35766871 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nineteen genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Clinical translation of such discoveries, however, has been hindered by the slow pace of discovery of functional/causal variants and gene targets at these loci. We previously developed a systematic informatics pipeline to prioritize candidate functional variants using functional potential scores, applied the pipeline to select high-scoring BE/EAC risk loci, and validated a functional variant at chr19p13.11 (rs10423674). Here, we selected two additional prioritized loci for experimental interrogation: chr3p13/rs1522552 and chr8p23.1/rs55896564. Candidate enhancer regions encompassing these variants were evaluated using luciferase reporter assays in two EAC cell lines. One of the two regions tested exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity - 8p23.1/rs55896564. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the putative enhancer in EAC cell lines correlated with reduced expression of three candidate gene targets: B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), and cathepsin B (CTSB). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping in normal esophagus and stomach revealed strong associations between the BE/EAC risk allele at rs55896564 (G) and lower expression of CTSB, a protease gene implicated in epithelial wound repair. These results further support the utility of functional potential scores for GWAS variant prioritization, and provide the first experimental evidence of a functional variant and risk enhancer at the 8p23.1 GWAS locus. Identification of CTSB, BLK, and NEIL2 as candidate gene targets suggests that altered expression of these genes may underlie the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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10
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Liu C, Zou W, Nie D, Li S, Duan C, Zhou M, Lai P, Yang S, Ji S, Li Y, Mei M, Bao S, Jin Y, Pan J. Loss of PRMT7 reprograms glycine metabolism to selectively eradicate leukemia stem cells in CML. Cell Metab 2022; 34:818-835.e7. [PMID: 35508169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our group has reported previously on the role of various members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, which are involved in epigenetic regulation, in the progression of leukemia. Here, we explored the role of PRMT7, given its unique function within the PRMT family, in the maintenance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic loss of Prmt7, and the development and testing of a small-molecule specific inhibitor of PRMT7, showed that targeting PRMT7 delayed leukemia development and impaired self-renewal of LSCs in a CML mouse model and in primary CML CD34+ cells from humans without affecting normal hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, loss of PRMT7 resulted in reduced expressions of glycine decarboxylase, leading to the reprograming of glycine metabolism to generate methylglyoxal, which is detrimental to LSCs. These findings link histone arginine methylation with glycine metabolism, while suggesting PRMT7 as a potential therapeutic target for the eradication of LSCs in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Waiyi Zou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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11
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Houshmand M, Kazemi A, Anjam Najmedini A, Ali MS, Gaidano V, Cignetti A, Fava C, Cilloni D, Saglio G, Circosta P. Shedding Light on Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245805. [PMID: 34945101 PMCID: PMC8708315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells (CML LSCs) are a rare and quiescent population that are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). When TKI therapy is discontinued in CML patients in deep, sustained and apparently stable molecular remission, these cells in approximately half of the cases restart to grow, resuming the leukemic process. The elimination of these TKI resistant leukemic stem cells is therefore an essential step in increasing the percentage of those patients who can reach a successful long-term treatment free remission (TFR). The understanding of the biology of the LSCs and the identification of the differences, phenotypic and/or metabolic, that could eventually allow them to be distinguished from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are therefore important steps in designing strategies to target LSCs in a rather selective way, sparing the normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Ali Anjam Najmedini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cignetti
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
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12
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Ni G, Liu X, Li H, Fogarty CE, Chen S, Zhang P, Liu Y, Wu X, Wei MQ, Chen G, Zhang P, Wang T. Topical Application of Temperature-Sensitive Gel Containing Caerin 1.1 and 1.9 Peptides on TC-1 Tumour-Bearing Mice Induced High-Level Immune Response in the Tumour Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754770. [PMID: 34858827 PMCID: PMC8632150 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of topical cream drugs that increase the immune activation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes against tumour and chronic viral infection-associated lesions is of great immunotherapeutic significance. This study demonstrates that the topical application of a temperature-sensitive gel containing caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides reduces nearly 50% of the tumour weight of HPV16 E6/E7-transformed TC-1 tumour-bearing mice via improving the tumour microenvironment. Confocal microscopy confirms the time-dependent penetration of caerin 1.9 through the epidermal layer of the ear skin structure of mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis shows that the caerin 1.1/1.9 gel expands the populations with high immune activation level and largely stimulates the pro-inflammatory activity of NK and dendritic cells. Closely associated with INFα response, Cebpb seems to play a key role in altering the function of all Arg1hi macrophages in the caerin group. In addition, the caerin gel treatment recruits almost two-fold more activated CD8+ T cells to the TME, relative to the untreated tumour, which shows a synergistic effect derived from the regulation of S1pr1, Ccr7, Ms4a4b and Gimap family expression. The TMT10plex-labelling proteomic quantification further demonstrates the activation of interferon-alpha/beta secretion and response to cytokine stimulus by the caerin gel, while the protein contents of several key regulators were elevated by more than 30%, such as Cd5l, Gzma, Ifit1, Irf9 and Stat1. Computational integration of the proteome with the single-cell transcriptome consistently suggested greater activation of NK and T cells with the topical application of caerin peptide gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Hejie Li
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Conor E Fogarty
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ming Q Wei
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
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13
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Zhou J, Wang S, Nie D, Lai P, Li Y, Li Y, Jin Y, Pan J. Super-enhancer landscape reveals leukemia stem cell reliance on X-box binding protein 1 as a therapeutic vulnerability. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabh3462. [PMID: 34550724 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shubo Wang
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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14
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Zhou M, Zhang X, Liu C, Nie D, Li S, Lai P, Jin Y. Targeting protein lysine methyltransferase G9A impairs self-renewal of chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells via upregulation of SOX6. Oncogene 2021; 40:3564-3577. [PMID: 33931742 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinic has revolutionized chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treatment, but fails to eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are considered as roots of drug resistance and disease relapse. Thus, eradication of LSCs may be a promising strategy for curing CML. In this study, we found that protein lysine methyltransferase G9A was overexpressed in CML LSCs. The upregulation of G9A by BCR-ABL was independent on its tyrosine kinase activity. Knockdown of G9A by shRNAs or pharmacological inhibition of G9A by UNC0642 significantly suppressed survival and impaired self-renewal capacity of CML LSCs. Inhibition of G9a eradicated LSCs in CML mice driven by BCR-ABL gene and dramatically prolonged survival of the mice. Ex vivo treatment with G9A inhibitor inhibited long-term engraftment of CML CD34+ cells in immunodeficient mice. Mechanically, tumor suppressor SOX6 was identified as a direct target of G9A in CML LSCs by RNA-seq analysis. Silencing Sox6 at least partially rescued G9a knockdown-mediated LSCs elimination in vivo. Our findings improve the understanding of LSC regulation network and validate G9A as a therapeutic target in CML LSCs. Targeting G9A may be considered as an additional strategy for the treatment of patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Yu L, Liu P. Cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS: regulation, function, and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:170. [PMID: 33927185 PMCID: PMC8085147 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing invasive cytosolic DNA is an integral component of innate immunity. cGAS was identified in 2013 as the major cytosolic DNA sensor that binds dsDNA to catalyze the synthesis of a special asymmetric cyclic-dinucleotide, 2'3'-cGAMP, as the secondary messenger to bind and activate STING for subsequent production of type I interferons and other immune-modulatory genes. Hyperactivation of cGAS signaling contributes to autoimmune diseases but serves as an adjuvant for anticancer immune therapy. On the other hand, inactivation of cGAS signaling causes deficiency to sense and clear the viral and bacterial infection and creates a tumor-prone immune microenvironment to facilitate tumor evasion of immune surveillance. Thus, cGAS activation is tightly controlled. In this review, we summarize up-to-date multilayers of regulatory mechanisms governing cGAS activation, including cGAS pre- and post-translational regulations, cGAS-binding proteins, and additional cGAS regulators such as ions and small molecules. We will also reveal the pathophysiological function of cGAS and its product cGAMP in human diseases. We hope to provide an up-to-date review for recent research advances of cGAS biology and cGAS-targeted therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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16
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Lee J, Park H, Lim J, Jin HS, Park Y, Jung YJ, Ko HJ, Yoon SI, Lee GS, Kim PH, Choi SS, Xiao C, Kang SG. GSK3 Restrains Germinal Center B Cells to Form Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:481-493. [PMID: 33380497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B cells in the germinal center (GC) are programmed to form plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells according to signals received by receptors that are translated to carry out appropriate activities of transcription factors. However, the precise mechanism underlying this process to complete the GC reaction is unclear. In this study, we show that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in GC B cells of mice facilitate the cell fate decision toward PC formation, accompanied by acquisition of dark zone B cell properties. Mechanistically, under stimulation with CD40L and IL-21, GSK3 inactivation synergistically induced the transcription factors Foxo1 and c-Myc, leading to increased levels of key transcription factors required for PC differentiation, including IRF4. This GSK3-mediated alteration of transcriptional factors in turn facilitated the dark zone transition and consequent PC fate commitment. Our study thus reveals the upstream master regulator responsible for interpreting external cues in GC B cells to form PCs mediated by key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; .,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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17
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Creeden JF, Alganem K, Imami AS, Henkel ND, Brunicardi FC, Liu SH, Shukla R, Tomar T, Naji F, McCullumsmith RE. Emerging Kinase Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Cancer Desmoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228823. [PMID: 33233470 PMCID: PMC7700673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase drug discovery represents an active area of therapeutic research, with previous pharmaceutical success improving patient outcomes across a wide variety of human diseases. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as kinase targeting have been unable to appreciably increase patient survival. This may be due, in part, to unchecked desmoplastic reactions to pancreatic tumors. Desmoplastic stroma enhances tumor development and progression while simultaneously restricting drug delivery to the tumor cells it protects. Emerging evidence indicates that many of the pathologic fibrotic processes directly or indirectly supporting desmoplasia may be driven by targetable protein tyrosine kinases such as Fyn-related kinase (FRK); B lymphoid kinase (BLK); hemopoietic cell kinase (HCK); ABL proto-oncogene 2 kinase (ABL2); discoidin domain receptor 1 kinase (DDR1); Lck/Yes-related novel kinase (LYN); ephrin receptor A8 kinase (EPHA8); FYN proto-oncogene kinase (FYN); lymphocyte cell-specific kinase (LCK); tec protein kinase (TEC). Herein, we review literature related to these kinases and posit signaling networks, mechanisms, and biochemical relationships by which this group may contribute to PDAC tumor growth and desmoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F. Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6474
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Ali S. Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas D. Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - F. Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Shi-He Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Tushar Tomar
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Faris Naji
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
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18
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Park CS, Lacorazza HD. DYRK2 controls a key regulatory network in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1663-1672. [PMID: 33067577 PMCID: PMC8080801 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematological cancer driven by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL1, and lifelong treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors extends patient survival to nearly the life expectancy of the general population. Despite advances in the development of more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce a durable deep molecular response, more than half of patients relapse upon treatment discontinuation. This clinical finding supports the paradigm that leukemia stem cells feed the neoplasm, resist tyrosine kinase inhibition, and reactivate upon drug withdrawal depending on the fitness of the patient's immune surveillance. This concept lends support to the idea that treatment-free remission is not achieved solely with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and that new molecular targets independent of BCR-ABL1 signaling are needed in order to develop adjuvant therapy to more efficiently eradicate the leukemia stem cell population responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. Future efforts must focus on the identification of new targets to support the discovery of potent and safe small molecules able to specifically eradicate the leukemic stem cell population. In this review, we briefly discuss molecular maintenance in leukemia stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia and provide a more in-depth discussion of the dual-specificity kinase DYRK2, which has been identified as a novel actionable checkpoint in a critical leukemic network. DYRK2 controls the activation of p53 and proteasomal degradation of c-MYC, leading to impaired survival and self-renewal of leukemia stem cells; thus, pharmacological activation of DYRK2 as an adjuvant to standard therapy has the potential to induce treatment-free remission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Dyrk Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Teng YQ, Jin H, Liu ZY, Li DD, Ye XM, Yang LY, Zhou J. The Lyn-SIRT1 signaling pathway is involved in imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2711-2725. [PMID: 32655803 PMCID: PMC7344074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib resistance is commonly associated with the activation of BCR-ABL signaling in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The activation of Lyn can result in imatinib resistance by regulating the formation of BCR-ABL protein complexes. SIRT1 is a novel survival pathway activated by BCR-ABL expression in haematopoietic progenitor cells. This study aimed to investigate whether the signaling pathway of Lyn/BCR-ABL/SIRT1 could mediate imatinib resistance in CML. METHODS The MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. Apoptosis was measured by a flow cytometry assay. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Knockdown CML cells were constructed by shRNA interference. The CML mouse model was used to investigate the role of SIRT1 in CML in vivo. RESULTS Lyn was overexpressed in K562R cells. BCR-ABL phosphorylation and activation were promoted by Lyn. Imatinib suppressed BCR-ABL phosphorylation in both K562 and K562R cells. BCR-ABL positively regulated SIRT1 and Foxo1 but negatively regulated acetylated Foxo1 (Ac-Foxo1) and p53 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 or knockdown of SIRT1 increased apoptosis and reduced growth in vitro and in vivo. Foxo1 was downregulated by SIRT1 inhibition or knockdown, while Ac-Foxo1 and p53 were upregulated. In vivo experiments showed that imatinib and/or SIRT1 inhibition both prolonged the survival of the CML mouse model and that the effects of imatinib were enhanced in combination with SIRT1 inhibition. CONCLUSION We proposed a novel molecular mechanism of imatinib resistance in CML in which the high expression of Lyn in imatinib-resistant cells inhibited Ac-Foxo1 and p53 expression through the BCR-ABL/SIRT1/Foxo1 signaling pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and mediating imatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiu Teng
- Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Liu
- Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Mei Ye
- Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yuan Yang
- Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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20
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Pasvenskaite A, Vilkeviciute A, Liutkeviciene R, Gedvilaite G, Liutkevicius V, Uloza V. Associations of IL6 rs1800795, BLK rs13277113, TIMP3 rs9621532, IL1RL1 rs1041973 and IL1RAP rs4624606 single gene polymorphisms with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2020; 747:144700. [PMID: 32330537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survival rate of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients is not improving. To understand more complete biology of LSCC, studies focused on identification of new specific and prognostic markers are performed. The aim of current study was to evaluate the impact of five different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (IL6 rs1800795, BLK rs13277113, TIMP3 rs9621532, IL1RL1 rs1041973 and IL1RAP rs4624606) on LSCC development. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 891 subjects (353 histologically verified LSCC patients and 538 healthy controls) were involved in this study. The genotyping was carried out using the real-time-PCR. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant associations between TIMP3 rs96215332 variants and LSCC in the codominant (OR = 0.600; 95% CI: 0.390-0.922; p = 0.020), overdominant (OR = 0.599; 95% CI: 0.390-0.922; p = 0.020) and additive (OR = 0.675; 95% CI: 0.459-0.991; p = 0.045) models. Also, significant variants of IL1RAP rs4624606 were determined in the codominant (OR = 1.372; 95% CI: 1.031-1.827; p = 0.030), overdominant (OR = 1.353; 95% CI: 1.018-1.798; p = 0.037) and additive (OR = 1.337; 95% CI: 1.038-1.724; p = 0.025) models. CONCLUSION Results of the current study indicate significant associations between TIMP3 rs9621532 and IL1RAP rs4624606 gene polymorphisms and LSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Pasvenskaite
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, Lithuania
| | - Vykintas Liutkevicius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Virgilijus Uloza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Zhang Z, Li N, Liu S, Jiang M, Wan J, Zhang Y, Wan L, Xie C, Le A. Overexpression of IFIT2 inhibits the proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells by regulating the BCR‑ABL/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1187-1194. [PMID: 32124954 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder that accounts for ~10% of all newly diagnosed leukemia cases. Early diagnosis is essential for long‑term beneficial outcomes. The present study observed that interferon‑induced protein with tetratricopeptde repeats 2 (IFIT2) expression levels were reduced in bone marrow samples from CML patients compared with control samples using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription‑PCR. IFIT2 expression levels were restored in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. To investigate the effect of IFIT2 on CML patients, a stable IFIT2 expressing K562 cell line was established. It was demonstrated that IFIT2 overexpression in K562 cells inhibits cell proliferation and arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase. In addition, it was demonstrated by western blotting that IFIT2 inhibits the BCR‑ABL oncoprotein and regulates its downstream AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. IFIT2 could induce cell cycle arrest‑associated gene p27kip1 by degrading cullin1‑mediated E3 ligases. In summary, the present study demonstrated that IFIT2 was efficacious in inhibiting CML and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Clinal Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Clinal Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Wan
- Department of Clinal Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yonglu Zhang
- Department of Clinal Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lagen Wan
- Department of Clinal Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Le
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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22
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Yu X, Zhang H, Yuan M, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zheng M, Lv Z, Odhiambo WO, Li C, Liu C, Ma Y, Ji Y. Identification and characterization of a murine model of BCR‑ABL1+ acute B‑lymphoblastic leukemia with central nervous system metastasis. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:521-532. [PMID: 31173268 PMCID: PMC6610040 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia (ABL)1+ acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a disease associated with a dismal prognosis and a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. However, BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL with CNS infiltration has not been previously characterized, at least to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, a murine model of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL with CNS metastasis was established using retroviral transduction. The vast majority of BCR-ABL1+ leukemic cells were found to be immature B cells with a variable proportion of pro-B and pre-B populations. The present results indicated that the BCR-ABL1+ B-leukemic cells expressed high levels integrin subunit alpha 6 (Itga6) and L-selectin adhesion molecules, and have an intrinsic ability to disseminate and accumulate in CNS tissues, predominantly in meninges. On the whole, these results provide an approach for addressing the mechanisms of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL with CNS metastasis and may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangwei Lv
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Canyu Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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23
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by BCRABL1 in a cell with the biological potential, intrinsic or acquired, to cause leukemia. This cell is commonly termed the CML leukemia stem cell (LSC). In humans a CML LSC is operationally-defined by ≥1 in vitro or in vivo assays of human leukemia cells transferred to immune-deficient mice. Results of these assays are sometimes discordant. There is also the unproved assumption that biological features of a CML LSC are stable. These considerations make accurate and precise identification of a CML LSC difficult or impossible. In this review, we consider biological features of CML LSCs defined by these assays. We also consider whether CML LSCs are susceptible to targeting by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other drugs, and whether elimination of CML LSCs is needed to achieve therapy-free remission or cure CML.
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24
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Sheng Y, Ji Z, Zhao H, Wang J, Cheng C, Xu W, Wang X, He Y, Liu K, Li L, Voeltzel T, Maguer-Satta V, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. Downregulation of the histone methyltransferase SETD2 promotes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12611. [PMID: 31054182 PMCID: PMC6668982 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epigenetic modifiers were important players in the development of haematological malignancies and sensitivity to therapy. Mutations of SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2), a methyltransferase that catalyses the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 36 (H3K36me3), were found in various myeloid malignancies. However, the detailed mechanisms through which SETD2 confers chronic myeloid leukaemia progression and resistance to therapy targeting on BCR‐ABL remain unclear. Materials and methods The level of SETD2 in imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative real‐time PCR. We analysed CD34+CD38− leukaemic stem cells by flow cytometry and colony formation assays upon SETD2 knockdown or overexpression. The impact of SETD2 expression alterations or small‐molecule inhibitor JIB‐04 targeting H3K36me3 loss on imatinib sensitivity was assessed by IC50, cell apoptosis and proliferation assays. Finally, RNA sequencing and ChIP‐quantitative PCR were performed to verify putative downstream targets. Results SETD2 was found to act as a tumour suppressor in CML. The novel oncogenic targets MYCN and ERG were shown to be the direct downstream targets of SETD2, where their overexpression induced by SETD2 knockdown caused imatinib insensitivity and leukaemic stem cell enrichment in CML cell lines. Treatment with JIB‐04, an inhibitor that restores H3K36me3 levels through blockade of its demethylation, successfully improved the cell imatinib sensitivity and enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect. Conclusions Our study not only emphasizes the regulatory mechanism of SETD2 in CML, but also provides promising therapeutic strategies for overcoming the imatinib resistance in patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuman He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Janker L, Mayer RL, Bileck A, Kreutz D, Mader JC, Utpatel K, Heudobler D, Agis H, Gerner C, Slany A. Metabolic, Anti-apoptotic and Immune Evasion Strategies of Primary Human Myeloma Cells Indicate Adaptations to Hypoxia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:936-953. [PMID: 30792264 PMCID: PMC6495257 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy primarily localized within the bone marrow (BM). It develops from a premalignant stage, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), often via an intermediate stage, smoldering MM (SMM). The mechanisms of MM progression have not yet been fully understood, all the more because patients with MGUS and SMM already carry similar initial mutations as found in MM cells. Over the last years, increased importance has been attributed to the tumor microenvironment and its role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Adaptations of MM cells to hypoxic conditions in the BM have been shown to contribute significantly to MM progression, independently from the genetic predispositions of the tumor cells. Searching for consequences of hypoxia-induced adaptations in primary human MM cells, CD138-positive plasma cells freshly isolated from BM of patients with different disease stages, comprising MGUS, SMM, and MM, were analyzed by proteome profiling, which resulted in the identification of 6218 proteins. Results have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010600. Data previously obtained from normal primary B cells were included for comparative purposes. A principle component analysis revealed three clusters, differentiating B cells as well as MM cells corresponding to less and more advanced disease stages. Comparing these three clusters pointed to the alteration of pathways indicating adaptations to hypoxic stress in MM cells on disease progression. Protein regulations indicating immune evasion strategies of MM cells were determined, supported by immunohistochemical staining, as well as transcription factors involved in MM development and progression. Protein regulatory networks related to metabolic adaptations of the cells became apparent. Results were strengthened by targeted analyses of a selected panel of metabolites in MM cells and MM-associated fibroblasts. Based on our data, new opportunities may arise for developing therapeutic strategies targeting myeloma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna C Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Department of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermine Agis
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
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26
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Zhang H, Li S. Concise Review: Exploiting Unique Biological Features of Leukemia Stem Cells for Therapeutic Benefit. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:768-774. [PMID: 31016860 PMCID: PMC6646691 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play a critical role in disease initiation and insensitivity to chemotherapy in numerous hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, and these stem cells need to be eradicated to achieve a cure. Key to successful targeting of cancer stem cells is to identify and functionally test critical target genes and to fully understand their associated molecular network in these stem cells. Human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is well accepted as one of the typical types of hematopoietic malignancies that are derived from leukemia stem cells (LSCs), serving as an excellent model disease for understanding the biology of LSCs and developing effective, selective, and curative strategies through targeting LSCs. Here, we discuss LSCs in CML with a focus on identification of unique biological features of these stem cells to emphasize the feasibility and significance of specific targeting of LSCs while sparing normal stem cell counterparts in leukemia therapy. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:768&774
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Castillo D, Galvez JM, Herrera LJ, Rojas F, Valenzuela O, Caba O, Prados J, Rojas I. Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212127. [PMID: 30753220 PMCID: PMC6372182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Galvez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J. Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Valenzuela
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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28
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Leukemia Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:191-215. [PMID: 31338821 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by a chromosome translocation that generates the BCR-ABL oncogene encoding a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase. Although BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in treating CML at chronic phase, a number of patients develop drug resistance due to the inability of TKIs to kill leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Similar to other types of hematopoietic malignancies, LSCs in CML are believed to be a rare cell population responsible for leukemia initiation, disease progression, and drug resistance. Therefore, a full understanding of the biology of LSCs will help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for effective treatment of CML to possibly reach a cure. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in studying the biology of LSCs in both animal models and human patients at cellular and molecular levels, providing a basis for designing and testing potential molecular targets for eradicating LSCs in CML.
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29
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Li J. Downregulation of ROS1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of arsenic trioxide in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9392-9396. [PMID: 29805662 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the function of ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) in regulating the migration and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and in arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment. The migration and proliferation of multiple ROS1-silenced leukemic cell lines was assessed, and the expression levels of proteins associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling were determined using western blot analysis. Compared with the AML control cells, ROS1-knockdown cells exhibited increased migration and proliferation, and the significant downregulation of β-catenin expression. Additionally, ROS1 knockdown sensitized AML cells to the effects of chemotherapeutic ATO. The results of the present study demonstrated that, in leukemic cell lines, ROS1 counteracted the effects of ATO on migration and proliferation, suggesting that ROS1 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with AML undergoing ATO treatment. The results of the present study provided novel insight into the function of ATO and ROS1 in regulating AML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Liu C, Nie D, Li J, Du X, Lu Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Jin Y, Pan J. Antitumor Effects of Blocking Protein Neddylation in T315I-BCR-ABL Leukemia Cells and Leukemia Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1522-1536. [PMID: 29321163 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but drug resistance and disease recurrence remain a challenge. In this study, we suggest a novel strategy based on blocking protein neddylation to address BCR-ABL point mutations and leukemia stem cells (LSC) that lie at the root of imatinib-resistant recurrences. On the basis of the finding that the NEDD8-activating enzyme subunit NAE1 is overexpressed in CML cells, we hypothesized that the function of certain neddylation-dependent protein substrates might be targeted to therapeutic ends in imatinib-resistant CML cells and LSCs. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrated that the NAE1 inhibitor MLN4924 induced G2-M-phase arrest and apoptosis in bulk CML cells with wild-type p53, regardless of their T315I mutation status in BCR-ABL. Moreover, MLN4924 inhibited the survival and self-renewal of primary human CML CD34+ cells and LSCs in CML-bearing mice via accumulation of p27kip1 in the nucleus. Notably, p27kip1 silencing attenuated the suppressive effect of MLN4924 on the maintenance of LSCs in CML-bearing mice. Taken together, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for targeting protein neddylation as a novel therapeutic strategy to override mutational and LSC-derived imatinib resistance in CML.Significance: These findings highlight a mediator of protein neddylation, a type of protein turnover mechanism, as a viable therapeutic target against imatinib-resistant forms of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1522-36. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Petersen DL, Berthelsen J, Willerslev-Olsen A, Fredholm S, Dabelsteen S, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Woetmann A. A novel BLK-induced tumor model. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317714196. [PMID: 28670978 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317714196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the SRC family kinases. BLK is known to be functionally involved in B-cell receptor signaling and B-cell development. New evidence suggests that B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase is ectopically expressed and is a putative oncogene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and other T-cell malignancies. However, little is known about the role of BLK in lymphomagenesis, and the oncogenic function seems to depend on the cellular context. Importantly, BLK is also ectopically expressed in other hematological and multiple non-hematological malignancies including breast, kidney, and lung cancers, suggesting that BLK could be a new potential target for therapy. Here, we studied the oncogenic potential of human BLK. We found that engrafted Ba/F3 cells stably expressing constitutive active human BLK formed tumors in mice, whereas neither Ba/F3 cells expressing wild type BLK nor non-transfected Ba/F3 cells did. Inhibition of BLK with the clinical grade and broadly reacting SRC family kinase inhibitor dasatinib inhibited growth of BLK-induced tumors. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that human BLK is a true proto-oncogene capable of inducing tumors, and we demonstrate a novel BLK activity-dependent tumor model suitable for studies of BLK-driven lymphomagenesis and screening of novel BLK inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leander Petersen
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Fredholm
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- 2 Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Geisler
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell: stemming the tide of persistence. Blood 2017; 129:1595-1606. [PMID: 28159740 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-696013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the acquisition of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 in a hemopoietic stem cell, transforming it into a leukemic stem cell (LSC) that self-renews, proliferates, and differentiates to give rise to a myeloproliferative disease. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 have transformed CML from a once-fatal disease to a manageable one for the vast majority of patients, only ∼10% of those who present in chronic phase (CP) can discontinue TKI treatment and maintain a therapy-free remission. Strong evidence now shows that CML LSCs are resistant to the effects of TKIs and persist in all patients on long-term therapy, where they may promote acquired TKI resistance, drive relapse or disease progression, and inevitably represent a bottleneck to cure. Since their discovery in patients almost 2 decades ago, CML LSCs have become a well-recognized exemplar of the cancer stem cell and have been characterized extensively, with the aim of developing new curative therapeutic approaches based on LSC eradication. This review summarizes our current understanding of many of the pathways and mechanisms that promote the survival of the CP CML LSCs and how they can be a source of new gene coding mutations that impact in the clinic. We also review recent preclinical approaches that show promise to eradicate the LSC, and future challenges on the path to cure.
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Jin Y, Nie D, Li J, Du X, Lu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Pan J. Gas6/AXL Signaling Regulates Self-Renewal of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells by Stabilizing β-Catenin. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2842-2855. [PMID: 27852702 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSC) are important resources of resistance and relapse in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Thus, strategies eradicating CML LSCs are required for cure. In this study, we discovered that AXL tyrosine kinase was selectively overexpressed in primary CML CD34+ cells. However, the role of AXL and its ligand Gas6 secreted by stromal cells in the regulation of self-renewal capacity of LSCs has not been well investigated.Experimental Design: The function of CML CD34+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometer, CFC/replating, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), CML mouse model driven by human BCR-ABL gene and NOD-scid-IL2Rg-/- (NSI) mice.Results: AXL was selectively overexpressed in primary CML CD34+ cells. AXL knockdown reduced the survival and self-renewal capacity of human CML CD34+ cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of AXL reduced the survival and self-renewal capacity of human CML LSCs in vitro and in long-term grafts in NSI mice. Human CML CD34+ cells conscripted bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMDSC) and primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to secrete Gas6 to form a paracrine loop that promoted self-renewal of LSCs. Suppression of AXL by shRNA and inhibitor prolonged survival of CML mice and reduced the growth of LSCs in mice. Gas6/AXL ligation stabilizes β-catenin in an AKT-dependent fashion in human CML CD34+ cells.Conclusions: Our findings improve the understanding of LSC regulation and validate Gas6/AXL as a pair of therapeutic targets to eliminate CML LSCs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2842-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Ion A, Popa IM, Papagheorghe LML, Lisievici C, Lupu M, Voiculescu V, Caruntu C, Boda D. Proteomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9602472. [PMID: 27821903 PMCID: PMC5086377 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is the most frequently encountered type of skin lymphoma in humans. CTCL encompasses multiple variants, but the most common types are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). While most cases of MF run a mild course over a period of many years, other subtypes of CTCL are very aggressive. The rapidly expanding fields of proteomics and genomics have not only helped increase knowledge concerning the carcinogenesis and tumor biology of CTCL but also led to the discovery of novel markers for targeted therapy. Although multiple biomarkers linked to CTCL have been known for a relatively long time (e.g., CD25, CD45, CD45RA, and CD45R0), compared to other cancers (lymphoma, melanoma, colon carcinoma, head and neck cancer, renal cancer, and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma), information about the antigenicity of CTCL remains relatively limited and no dependable protein marker for CTCL has been discovered. Considering the aggressive nature of some types of CTCL, it is necessary to identify circulating molecules that can help in the early diagnosis, differentiation from inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, nummular eczema), and aid in predicting the prognosis and evolution of this pathology. This review aims to bring together some of the information concerning protein markers linked to CTCL, in an effort to further the understanding of the convolute processes involved in this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ion
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iris Maria Popa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Bagdasar Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Lisievici
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Voiculescu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N. C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Medical Center, 020915 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
Protein homeostasis networks are highly regulated systems responsible for maintaining the health and productivity of cells. Whereas therapeutics have been developed to disrupt protein homeostasis, more recently identified techniques have been used to repurpose homeostatic networks to effect degradation of disease-relevant proteins. Here, we review recent advances in the use of small molecules to degrade proteins in a selective manner. First, we highlight all-small-molecule techniques with direct clinical application. Second, we describe techniques that may find broader acceptance in the biomedical research community that require little or no synthetic chemistry. In addition to serving as innovative research tools, these new approaches to control intracellular protein levels offer the potential to develop novel therapeutics targeting proteins that are not currently pharmaceutically vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bondeson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511;
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511;
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Jin Y, Zhou J, Xu F, Jin B, Cui L, Wang Y, Du X, Li J, Li P, Ren R, Pan J. Targeting methyltransferase PRMT5 eliminates leukemia stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3961-3980. [PMID: 27643437 DOI: 10.1172/jci85239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib-insensitive leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are believed to be responsible for resistance to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors and relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Identifying therapeutic targets to eradicate CML LSCs may be a strategy to cure CML. In the present study, we discovered a positive feedback loop between BCR-ABL and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in CML cells. Overexpression of PRMT5 was observed in human CML LSCs. Silencing PRMT5 with shRNA or blocking PRMT5 methyltransferase activity with the small-molecule inhibitor PJ-68 reduced survival, serial replating capacity, and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) in LSCs from CML patients. Further, PRMT5 knockdown or PJ-68 treatment dramatically prolonged survival in a murine model of retroviral BCR-ABL-driven CML and impaired the in vivo self-renewal capacity of transplanted CML LSCs. PJ-68 also inhibited long-term engraftment of human CML CD34+ cells in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, inhibition of PRMT5 abrogated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CML CD34+ cells by depleting dishevelled homolog 3 (DVL3). This study suggests that epigenetic methylation modification on histone protein arginine residues is a regulatory mechanism to control self-renewal of LSCs and indicates that PRMT5 may represent a potential therapeutic target against LSCs.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Naphthylamine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-Naphthylamine/pharmacology
- Aminoquinolines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Enzyme Induction
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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37
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Jin Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Zhu X, Jin B, Shen Y, Li J, Du X, Lu Y, Jiang S, Pan J. Depletion of γ-catenin by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Confers Elimination of CML Stem Cells in Combination with Imatinib. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1947-62. [PMID: 27570562 PMCID: PMC4997248 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that are insensitive to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors confer resistance to imatinib in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Identifying proteins to regulate survival and stemness of LSCs is urgently needed. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can eliminate quiescent LSCs in CML, little is known about the underlying mechanism that HDACis kill LSCs. By fishing with a biotin-labeled probe, we identified that HDACi JSL-1 bound to the protein γ-catenin. γ-Catenin expression was higher in LSCs from CML patients than normal hematopoietic stem cells. Silencing γ-catenin in human CML CD34(+) bone-marrow (BM) cells sufficiently eliminated LSCs, which suggests that γ-catenin is required for survival of CML LSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of γ-catenin thwarted survival and self-renewal of human CML CD34(+) cells in vitro, and of murine LSCs in BCR-ABL-driven CML mice. γ-Catenin inhibition reduced long-term engraftment of human CML CD34(+) cells in NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) II2rg (tm1Sug)/JicCrl (NOG) mice. Silencing γ-catenin by shRNA in human primary CD34(+) cells did not alter β-catenin, implying a β-catenin-independent role of γ-catenin in survival and self-renewal of CML LSCs. Taken together, our findings validate that γ-catenin may be a novel therapeutic target of LSCs, and suppression of γ-catenin by HDACi may explain elimination of CML LSCs.
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Jin B, Wang C, Li J, Du X, Ding K, Pan J. Anthelmintic Niclosamide Disrupts the Interplay of p65 and FOXM1/β-catenin and Eradicates Leukemia Stem Cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:789-803. [PMID: 27492973 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leukemia stem cells (LSC), which are insensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), are an important source of TKI resistance and disease relapse in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Obstacles to eradicating LSCs include limited understanding of the regulation network of LSCs. The current study aimed to examine the interplay between NF-κB and FOXM1/β-catenin, and the effect of its chemical intervention on CML LSCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The interplay between NF-κB and FOXM1/β-catenin was analyzed by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in CML cells. The effect of disturbing NF-κB and FOXM1/β-catenin by niclosamide on the self-renewal capacity and survival of LSCs was evaluated in vitro in human primary CML CD34+ cells and in vivo in CML mice. RESULTS Reciprocal co-IP experiments showed physical interaction of p65 and FOXM1. p65 promoted transcription of FOXM1 gene. ChIP assay revealed recruitment of p65 on the promoter of FOXM1 gene. Conversely, FOXM1 and β-catenin positively regulated the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB in CML cells. Niclosamide disrupted the positive feedback loop between NF-κB and FOXM1/β-catenin, thereby impairing the self-renewal capacity and survival of CML LSCs. Niclosamide decreased the long-term engraftment of human CML LSCs in NOD-SCID IL2Rγ chain-deficient (NOG) mice, and prolonged the survival of CML mice. CONCLUSIONS Interaction of p65 with FOXM1/β-catenin is critical in CML and its disruption by niclosamide eradicates LSCs. These findings may improve the understanding of a self-renewal regulatory mechanism of LSCs and offer a rationale-based approach to eliminate LSCs in CML. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 789-803. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Crivellaro S, Carrà G, Panuzzo C, Taulli R, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Morotti A. The non-genomic loss of function of tumor suppressors: an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:314. [PMID: 27184141 PMCID: PMC4869339 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Myeloid Leukemia was always referred as a unique cancer due to the apparent independence from tumor suppressors' deletions/mutations in the early stages of the disease. However, it is now well documented that even genetically wild-type tumor suppressors can be involved in tumorigenesis, when functionally inactivated. In particular, tumor suppressors' functions can be impaired by subtle variations of protein levels, changes in cellular compartmentalization and post-transcriptional/post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation. Notably, tumor suppressors inactivation offers challenging therapeutic opportunities. The reactivation of an inactive and genetically wild-type tumor suppressor could indeed promote selective apoptosis of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. MAIN BODY Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) could be considered as the paradigm for non-genomic loss of function of tumor suppressors due to the ability of BCR-ABL to directly promote functionally inactivation of several tumor suppressors. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review we will describe new insights on the role of FoxO, PP2A, p27, BLK, PTEN and other tumor suppressors in CML pathogenesis. Finally, we will describe strategies to promote tumor suppressors reactivation in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
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40
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TGF-β Inhibition Rescues Hematopoietic Stem Cell Defects and Bone Marrow Failure in Fanconi Anemia. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:668-81. [PMID: 27053300 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited DNA repair disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) attrition. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of BMF could improve the therapeutic options for FA patients. Using a genome-wide shRNA screen in human FA fibroblasts, we identify transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway-mediated growth suppression as a cause of BMF in FA. Blocking the TGF-β pathway improves the survival of FA cells and rescues the proliferative and functional defects of HSPCs derived from FA mice and FA patients. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in FA HSPCs results in elevated homologous recombination (HR) repair with a concomitant decrease in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), accounting for the improvement in cellular growth. Together, our results suggest that elevated TGF-β signaling contributes to BMF in FA by impairing HSPC function and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of FA.
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41
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Schemionek M, Herrmann O, Reher MM, Chatain N, Schubert C, Costa IG, Hänzelmann S, Gusmao EG, Kintsler S, Braunschweig T, Hamilton A, Helgason GV, Copland M, Schwab A, Müller-Tidow C, Li S, Holyoake TL, Brümmendorf TH, Koschmieder S. Mtss1 is a critical epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in CML. Leukemia 2015; 30:823-32. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Bagca BG, Ozalp O, Kurt CC, Mutlu Z, Saydam G, Gunduz C, Avci CB. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1573-9. [PMID: 26298727 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is the first agent used in myelofibrosis treatment with its potent JAK2 inhibitory effect. In this novel study, we aimed to discover the anti-leukemic effect of ruxolitinib in K-562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line compared to NCI-BL 2171 human healthy B lymphocyte cell line. Cytotoxic effect of ruxolitinib was determined by using WST-1 assay. IC50 values for K-562 and NCI-BL 2171 cell lines were defined as 20 and 23.6 μM at the 48th hour, respectively. Autophagic effects of ruxolitinib were detected by measuring LC3B-II protein formation. Ruxolitinib induced autophagic cell death in K-562 and NCI-BL 2171 cell lines 2.11- and 1.79-fold compared to control groups, respectively. To determine the autophagy-related gene expression changes, total RNA was isolated from K-562 and NCI-BL 2171 cells treated with ruxolitinib and untreated cells as control group. Reverse transcription procedure was performed for cDNA synthesis, and gene expressions were shown by RT-qPCR. Ruxolitinib treatment caused a notable decrease in expression of AKT, mTOR, and STAT autophagy inhibitor genes in K-562 cells, contrariwise control cell line. Ruxolitinib is a promising agent in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment by blocking JAK/STAT pathway known as downstream of BCR-ABL and triggering autophagy. This is the first study that reveals the relationship between ruxolitinib and autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ozgun Ozalp
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Caliskan Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guray Saydam
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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43
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Abstract
The introduction of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in 1998 transformed the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), leading to significantly reduced mortality and improved 5 year survival rates. However, the CML community is faced with several clinical issues that need to be addressed. Ten to 15% of CML patients are diagnosed in advanced phase, and small numbers of chronic phase (CP) cases experience disease progression each year during treatment. For these patients, TKIs induce only transient responses and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required. Depending on choice of first line TKI, approximately 30% of CML CP cases show suboptimal responses, due to a combination of poor compliance, drug intolerance, and drug resistance, with approximately 50% of TKI-resistance caused by kinase domain mutations and the remainder due to unknown mechanisms. Finally, the chance of successful treatment discontinuation is on the order of only 10-20% related to disease persistence. Disease persistence is a poorly understood phenomenon; all CML patients have functional Philadelphia positive (Ph+) stem and progenitor cells in their bone marrows and continue to express BCR-ABL1 by DNA PCR, even when in very deep remission and following treatment discontinuation. What controls the maintenance of these persisting cells, whether it is necessary to fully eradicate the malignant clone to achieve cure, and how that might be approached therapeutically are open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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44
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Ma L, Shan Y, Bai R, Xue L, Eide CA, Ou J, Zhu LJ, Hutchinson L, Cerny J, Khoury HJ, Sheng Z, Druker BJ, Li S, Green MR. A therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:252ra121. [PMID: 25186176 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) poses a major problem for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IM resistance often results from a secondary mutation in BCR-ABL that interferes with drug binding. However, in many instances, there is no mutation in BCR-ABL, and the basis of such BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance remains to be elucidated. To gain insight into BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance mechanisms, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen and identified IM-sensitizing genes (IMSGs) whose knockdown renders BCR-ABL(+) cells IM-resistant. In these IMSG knockdown cells, RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is sustained after IM treatment because of up-regulation of PRKCH, which encodes the protein kinase C (PKC) family member PKCη, an activator of CRAF. PRKCH is also up-regulated in samples from CML patients with BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved MEK inhibitor, synergistically kills BCR-ABL(+) IMSG knockdown cells and prolongs survival in mouse models of BCR-ABL-independent IM-resistant CML. Finally, we showed that CML stem cells contain high levels of PRKCH, and this contributes to their intrinsic IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib synergistically kills CML stem cells with negligible effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively, our results identify a therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance in CML and CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Shan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liting Xue
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hanna Jean Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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45
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Nasr RR, Hmadi RA, El-Eit RM, Iskandarani AN, Jabbour MN, Zaatari GS, Mahon FX, Pisano CC, Darwiche ND. ST1926, an orally active synthetic retinoid, induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and prolongs survival in a murine model. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:698-709. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab R. Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Raed A. Hmadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rabab M. El-Eit
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ahmad N. Iskandarani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mark N. Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ghazi S. Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Francois-Xavier Mahon
- Laboratoire D'hématologie Et Service Des Maladies Du Sang; CHU De Bordeaux, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, INSERM U876; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Nadine D. Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
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46
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The role of Pax5 in leukemia: diagnosis and prognosis significance. Med Oncol 2014; 32:360. [PMID: 25428382 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pax5 transcription factor, also known as B-cell specific activator protein (BSAP), plays a dual role in the hematopoietic system. Pax5 expression is essential in B-cell precursors for normal differentiation and maturation of B-cells. On the other hand, it inhibits the differentiation and progress toward other lineages. The expression of this factor is involved in several aspects of B-cell differentiation, including commitment, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, BCR signal transduction and B-cell survival, so that the deletion or inactivating mutations of Pax5 cause cell arrest in Pro-B-cell stage. In recent years, point mutations, deletions and various rearrangements in Pax5 gene have been reported in several types of human cancers. However, no clear relationship has been found between these aberrations and disease prognosis. Specific expression of Pax5 in B-cells can raise it as a marker for the diagnosis and differentiation of B-cell leukemias and lymphomas as well as account for remission or relapse. Extensive studies on Pax5 along with other genes and immunomarkers are necessary for decisive results in this regard.
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47
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Tomiatti V, Istvánffy R, Pietschmann E, Kratzat S, Hoellein A, Quintanilla-Fend L, von Bubnoff N, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Keller U. Cks1 is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and cycling, operating upstream of Cdk inhibitors. Oncogene 2014; 34:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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Roy A, Banerjee S. p27 and Leukemia: Cell Cycle and Beyond. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:504-9. [PMID: 25205053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Banerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
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49
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Chen Y, Peng C, Abraham SA, Shan Y, Guo Z, Desouza N, Cheloni G, Li D, Holyoake TL, Li S. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase is required for chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell survival. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3847-62. [PMID: 25105362 DOI: 10.1172/jci66129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation and maintenance of some types of cancer, suggesting that inhibition of these cells may limit disease progression and relapse. Unfortunately, few CSC-specific genes have been identified. Here, we determined that the gene encoding arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15/15-LO) is essential for the survival of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in a murine model of BCR-ABL-induced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In the absence of Alox15, BCR-ABL was unable to induce CML in mice. Furthermore, Alox15 deletion impaired LSC function by affecting cell division and apoptosis, leading to an eventual depletion of LSCs. Moreover, chemical inhibition of 15-LO function impaired LSC function and attenuated CML in mice. The defective CML phenotype in Alox15-deficient animals was rescued by depleting the gene encoding P-selectin, which is upregulated in Alox15-deficient animals. Both deletion and overexpression of P-selectin affected the survival of LSCs. In human CML cell lines and CD34+ cells, knockdown of Alox15 or inhibition of 15-LO dramatically reduced survival. Loss of Alox15 altered expression of PTEN, PI3K/AKT, and the transcription factor ICSBP, which are known mediators of cancer pathogenesis. These results suggest that ALOX15 has potential as a therapeutic target for eradicating LSCs in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Fluorenes/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
- P-Selectin/physiology
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50
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Petersen DL, Krejsgaard T, Berthelsen J, Fredholm S, Willerslev-Olsen A, Sibbesen NA, Bonefeld CM, Andersen MH, Francavilla C, Olsen JV, Hu T, Zhang M, Wasik MA, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (Blk) is an oncogene and a potential target for therapy with dasatinib in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Leukemia 2014; 28:2109-12. [PMID: 24919804 PMCID: PMC4190403 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Petersen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Krejsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Berthelsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Fredholm
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Willerslev-Olsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N A Sibbesen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M H Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hu
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M Zhang
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Odum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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