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Ralli S, Vira T, Robles-Espinoza CD, Adams DJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Variant ranking pipeline for complex familial disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13599. [PMID: 38866901 PMCID: PMC11169219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic susceptibility factors for complex disorders remains a challenging task. To analyze collections of small and large pedigrees where genetic heterogeneity is likely, but biological commonalities are plausible, we have developed a weights-based pipeline to prioritize variants and genes. The Weights-based vAriant Ranking in Pedigrees (WARP) pipeline prioritizes variants using 5 weights: disease incidence rate, number of cases in a family, genome fraction shared amongst cases in a family, allele frequency and variant deleteriousness. Weights, except for the population allele frequency weight, are normalized between 0 and 1. Weights are combined multiplicatively to produce family-specific-variant weights that are then averaged across all families in which the variant is observed to generate a multifamily weight. Sorting multifamily weights in descending order creates a ranked list of variants and genes for further investigation. WARP was validated using familial melanoma sequence data from the European Genome-phenome Archive. The pipeline identified variation in known germline melanoma genes POT1, MITF and BAP1 in 4 out of 13 families (31%). Analysis of the other 9 families identified several interesting genes, some of which might have a role in melanoma. WARP provides an approach to identify disease predisposing genes in studies with small and large pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ralli
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tariq Vira
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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2
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Baptista Freitas M, Desmyter L, Badoer C, Smits G, Vandernoot I, T Kint de Roodenbeke D. POT1 tumour predisposition: a broader spectrum of associated malignancies and proposal for additional screening program. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01611-0. [PMID: 38839987 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protection of Telomeres Protein 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex, regulating telomere length. Some POT1 gene pathogenic variants (PV) lead to telomere elongation, genomic instability and higher risk of cancer. POT1 tumour predisposition syndrome (POT1-TPD) has autosomal dominant inheritance and unknown penetrance. It is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, angiosarcoma and gliomas. In this work, we aim to describe a broader cancer phenotype related to POT1-TPD, in three families (two with a four generation pedigree, one with a five generation pedigree). The three index cases were referred to our oncogenetic centre for genetic counselling due to their personal history of cancer. Two underwent clinical exome sequencing of 4,867 genes associated with Mendelian genetic diseases, and another underwent gene panel sequencing including POT1, which identified three different POT1 PV: NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.349C>T; NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.233T>C and NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.818G>A; already described in the literature. Referenced relatives, did a target genetic test (according to the POT1 PV identified in the family). In total, 37 individuals were tested (51.4% females), median age of 46 (22-81) years, with POT1 PV detected in 22. POT1-TPD was observed, but also a higher incidence of other cancers (other sarcomas, papillary thyroid cancer, early onset prostate cancer and leukaemia). These findings contribute to an increase in our knowledge about POT1 PV, and it can play a role in the definition of future POT1 PV screening criteria, POT1 carrier surveillance protocols (possibly considering screening for all types of sarcomas) and in genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Desmyter
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cindy Badoer
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vandernoot
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Holic L. Common skin cancers and their association with other non-cutaneous primary malignancies: a review of the literature. Med Oncol 2024; 41:157. [PMID: 38758457 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that a history of skin cancer puts one at risk for additional primary skin cancers. However, more variable data exists for the risk of developing a non-cutaneous primary cancer following a diagnosis of skin cancer. The data are most variable for Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), the most common and least aggressive type of skin cancer. While early studies imply that BCC does not impart a larger risk of other primary non-cutaneous cancers, more recent studies with larger populations suggest otherwise. The cancers most significantly associated with BCC are lip, oropharyngeal, and salivary gland cancer. There is also burgeoning evidence to suggest a link between BCC and prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer, but more data are needed to draw a concrete conclusion. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), the second most common type of skin cancer, has a slightly more defined risk to other non-cutaneous primary malignancies. There is a notable link between SCC and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), possibly due to immunosuppression. There is also an increased risk of other cancers derived from squamous epithelium following SCC, including oropharyngeal, lip, and salivary gland cancer. Some studies also suggest an increased risk of respiratory tract cancer following SCC, possibly due to shared risk factors. Melanoma, a more severe type of skin cancer, shows a well-defined risk of additional primary non-cutaneous malignancies. The most significant of these risks include NHL, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer along with a host of other cancers. Each of these three main skin cancer types has a profile of genetic mutations that have also been linked to non-cutaneous malignancies. In this review, we discuss a selection of these genes to highlight the complex interplay between different tumorigenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Holic
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Narod SA, Metcalfe K, Finch A, Chan AW, Armel SR, Aeilts A, Eisen A, Karlan B, Bordeleau L, Tung N, Foulkes WD, Neuhausen SL, Eng C, Olopade O, Zakalik D, Couch F, Cullinane C, Pal T, Sun P, Kotsopoulos J. The risk of skin cancer in women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38741145 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-024-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not been clearly established if skin cancer or melanoma are manifestations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier status. Estimating the risk of skin cancer is an important step towards developing screening recommendations. METHODS We report the findings of a prospective cohort study of 6,207 women from North America who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Women were followed from the date of baseline questionnaire to the diagnosis of skin cancer, to age 80 years, death from any cause, or the date of last follow-up. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of eight years, 3.7% of women with a BRCA1 mutation (133 of 3,623) and 3.8% of women with a BRCA2 mutation (99 of 2,584) reported a diagnosis of skin cancer (including both keratinocyte carcinomas and melanoma). The cumulative risk of all types of skin cancer from age 20 to 80 years was 14.1% for BRCA1 carriers and 10.7% for BRCA2 carriers. The cumulative risk of melanoma was 2.5% for BRCA1 carriers and 2.3% for BRCA2 carriers, compared to 1.5% for women in the general population in the United States. The strongest risk factor for skin cancer was a prior diagnosis of skin cancer. CONCLUSION The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in women who carry a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is similar to that of non-carrier women. The risk of melanoma appears to be slightly elevated. We suggest that a referral to a dermatologist or primary care provider for BRCA mutation carriers for annual skin examination and counselling regarding limiting UV exposure, the use of sunscreen and recognizing the early signs of melanoma might be warranted, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kelly Metcalfe
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Finch
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Randall Armel
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Familial Cancer Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Division of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Beth Karlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Bordeleau
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo Olopade
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Zakalik
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Fergus Couch
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tuya Pal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Naddeo M, Broseghini E, Venturi F, Vaccari S, Corti B, Lambertini M, Ricci C, Fontana B, Durante G, Pariali M, Scotti B, Milani G, Campione E, Ferracin M, Dika E. Association of miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p with Prognostic Features in Melanomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1688. [PMID: 38730639 PMCID: PMC11083009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is one of the most lethal tumors among skin cancers and its incidence is rising worldwide. Recent data support the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in melanoma carcinogenesis and their potential use as disease biomarkers. METHODS We quantified the expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p in 170 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of CM, namely 116 superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), 26 nodular melanoma (NM), and 28 lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). We correlated miRNA expression with specific histopathologic features including Breslow thickness (BT), histological subtype, ulceration and regression status, and mitotic index. RESULTS miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p were significantly higher in NM compared to SSM and LMM. The positive correlation between miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p expression and BT was confirmed for both miRNAs in SSM. Considering the ulceration status, we assessed that individual miR-21-5p expression was significantly higher in ulcerated CMs. The increased combined expression of the two miRNAs was strongly associated with ulceration (p = 0.0093) and higher mitotic rate (≥1/mm2) (p = 0.0005). We demonstrated that the combination of two-miRNA expression and prognostic features (BT and ulceration) can better differentiate cutaneous melanoma prognostic groups, considering overall survival and time-to-relapse clinical outcomes. Specifically, miRNA expression can further stratify prognostic groups among patients with BT ≥ 0.8 mm but without ulceration. Our findings provide further insights into the characterization of CM with specific prognostic features. The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Naddeo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Federico Venturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Sabina Vaccari
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Barbara Corti
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Costantino Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fontana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giorgio Durante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Milena Pariali
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Biagio Scotti
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Milani
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
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6
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Savage SA. Telomere length and cancer risk: finding Goldilocks. Biogerontology 2024; 25:265-278. [PMID: 38109000 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are the nucleoprotein complex at chromosome ends essential in genomic stability. Baseline telomere length (TL) is determined by rare and common germline genetic variants but shortens with age and is susceptible to certain environmental exposures. Cellular senescence or apoptosis are normally triggered when telomeres reach a critically short length, but cancer cells overcome these protective mechanisms and continue to divide despite chromosomal instability. Rare germline variants in telomere maintenance genes cause exceedingly short telomeres for age (< 1st percentile) and the telomere biology disorders, which are associated with elevated risks of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck and anogenital regions. Long telomeres due to rare germline variants in the same or different telomere maintenance genes are associated with elevated risks of other cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or sarcoma. Early epidemiology studies of TL in the general population lacked reproducibility but new methods, including creation of a TL polygenic score using common variants, have found longer telomeres associated with excess risks of renal cell carcinoma, glioma, lung cancer, and others. It has become clear that when it comes to TL and cancer etiology, not too short, not too long, but "just right" telomeres are important in minimizing cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 6E456, Bethesda, MD, 20892-6772, USA.
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7
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Abu Shtaya A, Kedar I, Bazak L, Basel-Salmon L, Barhom SF, Naftali M, Eskin-Schwartz M, Birk OS, Polager-Modan S, Keidar N, Reznick Levi G, Levi Z, Yablonski-Peretz T, Mahamid A, Segol O, Matar R, Bareli Y, Azoulay N, Goldberg Y. A POT1 Founder Variant Associated with Early Onset Recurrent Melanoma and Various Solid Malignancies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:355. [PMID: 38540414 PMCID: PMC10970179 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
POT1 (Protection of Telomeres 1) is a key component of the six-membered shelterin complex that plays a critical role in telomere protection and length regulation. Germline variants in the POT1 gene have been implicated in predisposition to cancer, primarily to melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report the identification of POT1 p.(I78T), previously ranked with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity, as a founder pathogenic variant among Ashkenazi Jews (AJs) and describe its unique clinical landscape. A directed database search was conducted for individuals referred for genetic counselling from 2018 to 2023. Demographic, clinical, genetic, and pathological data were collected and analyzed. Eleven carriers, 25 to 67 years old, from ten apparently unrelated families were identified. Carriers had a total of 30 primary malignancies (range 1-6); nine carriers (82%) had recurrent melanoma between the ages of 25 and 63 years, three carriers (27%) had desmoid tumors, three (27%) had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and five women (63% of female carriers) had breast cancer between the ages of 44 and 67 years. Additional tumors included CLL; sarcomas; endocrine tumors; prostate, urinary, and colorectal cancers; and colonic polyps. A review of a local exome database yielded an allelic frequency of the variant of 0.06% among all ethnicities and of 0.25% in AJs. A shared haplotype was found in all carriers tested. POT1 p.(I78T) is a founder disease-causing variant associated with early-onset melanoma and additional various solid malignancies with a high tumor burden. We advocate testing for this variant in high-risk patients of AJ descent. The inclusion of POT1 in germline panels for various types of cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasem Abu Shtaya
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel;
| | - Inbal Kedar
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Lily Bazak
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petch Tikva 4920235, Israel;
| | - Sarit Farage Barhom
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | | | - Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8410101, Israel; (M.E.-S.); (O.S.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410101, Israel
| | - Ohad S. Birk
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8410101, Israel; (M.E.-S.); (O.S.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410101, Israel
| | | | - Nitzan Keidar
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petch Tikva 4920235, Israel;
| | - Gili Reznick Levi
- Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel;
| | - Zohar Levi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Tamar Yablonski-Peretz
- Oncology Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel
| | - Ahmad Mahamid
- Department of Surgery B, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel;
| | - Ori Segol
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel;
| | - Reut Matar
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Yifat Bareli
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Noy Azoulay
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (A.A.S.); (I.K.); (L.B.); (L.B.-S.); (S.F.B.); (R.M.); (Y.B.); (N.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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8
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Zilberg C, Ferguson AL, Lyons JG, Gupta R, Fuller SJ, Damian DL. Cutaneous malignancies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Dermatol 2024; 51:353-364. [PMID: 38291978 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy that is associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous malignancies. Clinical outcomes for these malignancies, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers (KC), are worse for patients with CLL. Individuals with CLL develop an immunodeficiency of both the adaptive and innate immune system, which plays a role in the increased prevalence of skin cancers. This review focuses on the complex interplay between genetics, immunity, and pathogens that influence the cellular composition and biology of skin tumors and their microenvironment in CLL patients, and in comparison with other chronic hematological malignancies. It is paramount for dermatologists to be aware of the association between CLL (and chronic hematological malignancies more broadly) and cutaneous malignancies. This is a high-risk population who require regular and vigorous dermatologic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Zilberg
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Lyons
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diona L Damian
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Marrapodi R, Bellei B. The Keratinocyte in the Picture Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:913. [PMID: 38473275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma progression is a multistep evolution from a common melanocytic nevus through a radial superficial growth phase, the invasive vertical growth phase finally leading to metastatic dissemination into distant organs. Melanoma aggressiveness largely depends on the propensity to metastasize, which means the capacity to escape from the physiological microenvironment since tissue damage due to primary melanoma lesions is generally modest. Physiologically, epidermal melanocytes are attached to the basement membrane, and their adhesion/migration is under the control of surrounding keratinocytes. Thus, the epidermal compartment represents the first microenvironment responsible for melanoma spread. This complex process involves cell-cell contact and a broad range of secreted bioactive molecules. Invasion, or at the beginning of the microinvasion, implies the breakdown of the dermo-epidermal basement membrane followed by the migration of neoplastic melanocytic cells in the superficial papillary dermis. Correspondingly, several experimental evidences documented the structural and functional rearrangement of the entire tissue surrounding neoplasm that in some way reflects the atypia of tumor cells. Lastly, the microenvironment must support the proliferation and survival of melanocytes outside the normal epidermal-melanin units. This task presumably is mostly delegated to fibroblasts and ultimately to the self-autonomous capacity of melanoma cells. This review will discuss remodeling that occurs in the epidermis during melanoma formation as well as skin changes that occur independently of melanocytic hyperproliferation having possible pro-tumoral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Marrapodi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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10
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Lorbeer FK, Rieser G, Goel A, Wang M, Oh A, Yeh I, Bastian BC, Hockemeyer D. Distinct senescence mechanisms restrain progression of dysplastic nevi. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae041. [PMID: 38371417 PMCID: PMC10873501 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations (TPMs) are frequently found in different cancer types, including ∼70% of sun-exposed skin melanomas. In melanoma, TPMs are among the earliest mutations and can be present during the transition from nevus to melanoma. However, the specific factors that contribute to the selection of TPMs in certain nevi subsets are not well understood. To investigate this, we analyzed a group of dysplastic nevi (DN) by sequencing genes commonly mutated in melanocytic neoplasms. We examined the relationship between the identified mutations, patient age, telomere length, histological features, and the expression of p16. Our findings reveal that TPMs are more prevalent in DN from older patients and are associated with shorter telomeres. Importantly, these TPMs were not found in nevi with BRAF V600E mutations. Conversely, DN with BRAF V600E mutations were observed in younger patients, had longer telomeres and a higher proportion of p16-positive cells. This suggests that these nevi arrest growth independently of telomere shortening through a mechanism known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). These characteristics extend to melanoma-sequencing datasets, where melanomas with BRAF V600E mutations were more likely to have a CDKN2A inactivation, overriding OIS. In contrast, melanomas without BRAF V600E mutations showed a higher frequency of TPMs. Our data imply that TPMs are selected to bypass replicative senescence (RS) in cells that were not arrested by OIS. Overall, our results indicate that a subset of melanocytic neoplasms face constraints from RS, while others encounter OIS and RS. The order in which these barriers are overcome during progression to melanoma depends on the mutational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K Lorbeer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rieser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aditya Goel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Areum Oh
- Rebus Biosystems, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Hipólito A, Xavier R, Brito C, Tomás A, Lemos I, Cabaço LC, Silva F, Oliva A, Barral DC, Vicente JB, Gonçalves LG, Pojo M, Serpa J. BRD9 status is a major contributor for cysteine metabolic remodeling through MST and EAAT3 modulation in malignant melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166983. [PMID: 38070581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most aggressive skin cancer, showing globally increasing incidence. Hereditary CM accounts for a significant percentage (5-15 %) of all CM cases. However, most familial cases remain without a known genetic cause. Even though, BRD9 has been associated to CM as a susceptibility gene. The molecular events following BRD9 mutagenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we disclosed BRD9 as a key regulator in cysteine metabolism and associated altered BRD9 to increased cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as to altered melanin levels, inducing higher susceptibility to melanomagenesis. It is evident that BRD9 WT and mutated BRD9 (c.183G>C) have a different impact on cysteine metabolism, respectively by inhibiting and activating MPST expression in the metastatic A375 cell line. The effect of the mutated BRD9 variant was more evident in A375 cells than in the less invasive WM115 line. Our data point out novel molecular and metabolic mechanisms dependent on BRD9 status that potentially account for the increased risk of developing CM and enhancing CM aggressiveness. Moreover, our findings emphasize the role of cysteine metabolism remodeling in melanoma progression and open new queues to follow to explore the role of BRD9 as a melanoma susceptibility or cancer-related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Renato Xavier
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cheila Brito
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomás
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lemos
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís C Cabaço
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Abel Oliva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Taibo A, Paradela S, Suanzes-Hernández J, Balboa-Barreiro V, Amado-Bouza J, Fonseca E. Prognosis of CDKN2A germline mutation in patients with familial melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:9-15. [PMID: 37924530 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Familial melanoma is defined as melanoma occurring in two or more first-degree relatives by the WHO. Germline mutations are isolated in a subset of them. It is well known that CDKN2A is the most frequently mutated high-risk gene in familial melanoma, however, the prognosis it confers to patients who carry its mutations is still controversial. This review aims to assess whether germline mutations imply a worse prognosis in patients with familial melanoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Data from 3 independent populations were eventually included in the meta-analysis, involving 291 cases and 57 416 controls. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that there is a tendency for patients with germline mutations in the CDKN2A gene to have a worse overall survival (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.99-1.69, P = 0.05) and melanoma-specific survival (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97-2.31, P = 0.07). Carrier patients would not only have more incidence of melanoma and a higher risk of a second melanoma, but they also seem to have a worse prognosis. The inclusion of gene panel testing in clinical practice and the collaboration within consortia are needed to provide further evidence on the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Taibo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of A Coruña
| | | | - Jorge Suanzes-Hernández
- Research Support Unit, University Hospital of A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro
- Research Support Unit, University Hospital of A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Amado-Bouza
- Research Support Unit, University Hospital of A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
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13
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Primiero CA, Maas EJ, Wallingford CK, Soyer HP, McInerney-Leo AM. Genetic testing for familial melanoma. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:34-42. [PMID: 38287743 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
While the average lifetime risk of melanoma worldwide is approximately 3%, those with inherited high-penetrance mutations face an increased lifetime risk of 52-84%. In countries of low melanoma incidence, such as in Southern Europe, familial melanoma genetic testing may be warranted when there are two first degree relatives with a melanoma diagnosis. Testing criteria for high incidence countries such as USA, or with very-high incidence, such as Australia and New Zealand, would require a threshold of 3 to 4 affected family members. A mutation in the most common gene associated with familial melanoma, CDKN2A, is identified in approximately 10-40% of those meeting testing criteria. However, the use of multi-gene panels covering additional less common risk genes can significantly increase the diagnostic yield. Currently, genetic testing for familial melanoma is typically conducted by qualified genetic counsellors, however with increasing demand on testing services and high incidence rate in certain countries, a mainstream model should be considered. With appropriate training, dermatologists are well placed to identify high risk individuals and offer melanoma genetic test in dermatology clinics. Genetic testing should be given in conjunction with pre- and post-test consultation. Informed patient consent should cover possible results, the limitations and implications of testing including inconclusive results, and potential for genetic discrimination. Previous studies reporting on participant outcomes of genetic testing for familial melanoma have found significant improvements in both sun protective behavior and screening frequency in mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Primiero
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic and Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica - August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellie J Maas
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Courtney K Wallingford
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia -
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- Frazer Institute, Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Andreotti V, Vanni I, Pastorino L, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Germline POT1 Variants: A Critical Perspective on POT1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:104. [PMID: 38254993 PMCID: PMC10815363 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) gene was identified as a melanoma predisposition candidate nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1-TPD). While the key role, and related risks, of the alterations in POT1 in melanoma are established, the correlation between germline POT1 variants and the susceptibility to other cancers partially lacks evidence, due also to the rarity of POT1-TPD. Issues range from the absence of functional or segregation studies to biased datasets or the need for a revised classification of variants. Furthermore, a proposal of a surveillance protocol related to the cancers associated with POT1 pathogenic variants requires reliable data to avoid an excessive, possibly unjustified, burden for POT1 variant carriers. We propose a critical perspective regarding data published over the last 10 years that correlate POT1 variants to various types of cancer, other than cutaneous melanoma, to offer food for thought for the specialists who manage cancer predisposition syndromes and to stimulate a debate on the grey areas that have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Irene Vanni
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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15
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Setia N, del Gaudio D, Kandikatla P, Arndt K, Tjota M, Wang P, Segal J, Alikhan M, Hart J. A novel telomere biology disease-associated gastritis identified through a whole exome sequencing-driven approach. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e349. [PMID: 37994393 PMCID: PMC10766041 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A whole exome sequencing (WES)-driven approach to uncover the etiology of unexplained inflammatory gastritides has been underutilized by surgical pathologists. Here, we discovered the pathobiology of an unusual chronic atrophic gastritis in two unrelated patients using this approach. The gastric biopsies were notable for an unusual pattern of gastritis with persistent dense inflammation, loss of both parietal and neuroendocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa, and sparing of the antral mucosa. The patients were found to harbor pathogenic variants in telomeropathic genes (POT1 and DCLRE1B). Clonality testing for one of the patients showed evidence of evolving clonality of TCR-gene rearrangement. Both patients showed significantly decreased numbers of stem/progenitor cells by immunohistochemistry, which appears to be responsible for the development of mucosal atrophy. No such cases of unusual chronic atrophic gastritis in the setting of telomeropathy have been previously reported. The loss of stem/progenitor cells suggests that stem/progenitor cell exhaustion in the setting of telomere dysfunction is the likely mechanism for development of this unusual chronic atrophic gastritis. The results underscore the need for close monitoring of these gastric lesions, with special regard to their neoplastic potential. This combined WES-driven approach has promise to identify the cause and mechanism of other uncharacterized gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Setia
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | - Kelly Arndt
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Melissa Tjota
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Jeremy Segal
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Mir Alikhan
- NorthShore University Health SystemEvanstonILUSA
| | - John Hart
- Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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16
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Herrera-Mullar J, Fulk K, Brannan T, Yussuf A, Polfus L, Richardson ME, Horton C. Characterization of POT1 tumor predisposition syndrome: Tumor prevalence in a clinically diverse hereditary cancer cohort. Genet Med 2023; 25:100937. [PMID: 37466057 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline variants in POT1 have been implicated in predisposition to melanoma, sarcoma, and glioma in limited studies. Here, we determine the prevalence of cancer types in individuals with POT1 pathogenic variants (PVs) undergoing multigene panel testing (MGPT) for a broad variety of cancer indications. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of data provided on clinical documents from individuals with POT1 PVs identified via MGPT over a 5-year period. Tumor prevalence in POT1 PV heterozygotes was compared with MGPT-negative wild-type (WT) controls using χ2 test. RESULTS POT1 PVs were identified in 227 individuals. POT1 PV and WT (n = 13,315) cohorts had a similar proportion of reported tumors (69.6% and 69.2%, respectively); however, POT1 PV heterozygotes were more likely to be diagnosed with multiple tumors (18.9% vs 8.7%; P < .001). Compared with POT1 WT, we identified a significant increase in melanoma (odds ratio 7.03; 95% CI 4.7-10.5; P < .001) and sarcoma (odds ratio 6.6; 95% CI 3.1-13.9; P < .001). CONCLUSION This analysis of the largest POT1 PV cohort to date validates the inclusion of POT1 in hereditary cancer MGPT and has the potential to impact clinical management recommendations, particularly for patients and families at risk for melanoma and sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Fulk
- Ambry Genetics 1 Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, CA
| | | | - Amal Yussuf
- Ambry Genetics 1 Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, CA
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17
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Fares E, Thawabtah R, Sallam H, Khatib AAH, Qutob N, Salah Z. Genomic analysis of a Palestinian family with inherited cancer syndrome: a next-generation sequencing study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230241. [PMID: 38028607 PMCID: PMC10643688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial predisposition is a strong risk factor for different types of cancer and accounts for around 10% of the cases. In this study, we investigated cancer predisposition in a Palestinian family using whole-exome sequencing (WES) technologies. In this study, we focused more on cutaneous melanoma (CM). Our analysis identified three heterozygous rare missense variants, WRN (p.L383F and p.A995T) and TYRP1 (p.T262M) and a pathogenic homozygous missense mutation in ERCC2 (p.R683Q). Although WRN and TYRP1 genes and their variations were correlated with different types of cancer, including melanoma, the currently identified WRN and TYRP1 variants were not reported previously in melanoma cases. The pathogenic mutation was segregated with the clinical phenotypes and found in the two affected brothers, one with CM and the other with brain tumor, and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing analysis. Segregation analysis of this mutation revealed that family members are either heterozygous or wild type. Our findings confirm that the homozygous ERCC2 (p.R683Q) mutation was responsible for causing melanoma and other cancer types in the family. Our work highlights the value to decipher the mutational background of familial cancers, especially CM, in the Palestinian population to guide diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of affected patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Fares
- Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Rua Thawabtah
- Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Husam Sallam
- Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Areej A. H. Khatib
- Women Health Research Unit, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nouar Qutob
- *Correspondence: Nouar Qutob, ; Zaidoun Salah,
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18
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Soares de Sá BC, Moredo LF, Torrezan GT, Fidalgo F, de Araújo ÉSS, Formiga MN, Duprat JP, Carraro DM. Characterization of Potential Melanoma Predisposition Genes in High-Risk Brazilian Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15830. [PMID: 37958811 PMCID: PMC10649559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased genetic risk for melanoma can occur in the context of germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance genes, such as CDKN2A and CDK4, risk variants in low- to moderate-penetrance genes (MC1R and MITF), and possibly due to variants in emerging genes, such as ACD, TERF2IP, and TERT. We aimed to identify germline variants in high- and low- to moderate-penetrance melanoma risk genes in Brazilian patients with clinical criteria for familial melanoma syndrome. We selected patients with three or more melanomas or melanoma patients from families with three tumors (melanoma and pancreatic cancer) in first- or second-degree relatives. Genetic testing was performed with a nine-gene panel (ACD, BAP1, CDK4, CDKN2A, POT1, TERT, TERF2IP, MC1R, and MITF). In 36 patients, we identified 2 (5.6%) with germline pathogenic variants in CDKN2A and BAP1 and 4 (11.1%) with variants of uncertain significance in the high-penetrance genes. MC1R variants were found in 86.5%, and both red hair color variants and unknown risk variants were enriched in patients compared to a control group. The low frequency of germline pathogenic variants in the high-penetrance genes and the high prevalence of MC1R variants found in our cohort show the importance of the MC1R genotype in determining the risk of melanoma in the Brazilian melanoma-prone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Costa Soares de Sá
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Luciana Facure Moredo
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Giovana Tardin Torrezan
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fidalgo
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
| | - Érica Sara Souza de Araújo
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
| | | | - João Pereira Duprat
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
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19
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Jensen MR, Jelsig AM, Gerdes AM, Hölmich LR, Kainu KH, Lorentzen HF, Hansen MH, Bak M, Johansson PA, Hayward NK, Van Overeem Hansen T, Wadt KA. TINF2 is a major susceptibility gene in Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100225. [PMID: 37646013 PMCID: PMC10461021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TINF2 encodes the TINF2 protein, which is a subunit in the shelterin complex critical for telomere regulation. Three recent studies have associated six truncating germline variants in TINF2 that have previously been associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) caused by elongation of the telomeres. This has added TINF2 to the long telomere syndrome genes, together with other telomere maintenance genes such as ACD, POT1, TERF2IP, and TERT. We report a clinical study of 102 Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in which a germline truncating variant in TINF2 (p.(Arg265Ter)) was identified in four unrelated participants. The telomere lengths of three variant carriers were >90% percentile. In a routine diagnostic setting, the variant was identified in two more families, including an additional MPM patient and monozygotic twins with thyroid cancer and other cancer types. A total of 10 individuals from six independent families were confirmed carriers, all with cancer history, predominantly melanoma. Our findings suggest a major role of TINF2 in Danish patients with MPM. In addition to melanoma, other cancers in the six families include thyroid, renal, breast, and sarcoma, supporting a CPS in which melanoma, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma predominate. Further studies are needed to establish the full spectrum of associated cancer types and characterize lifetime cancer risk in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Richter Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hannele Kainu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Bak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin A.W. Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Shraim R, Farran MZ, He G, Marunica Karsaj J, Zgaga L, McManus R. Systematic review on gene-sun exposure interactions in skin cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2259. [PMID: 37537768 PMCID: PMC10568388 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene-environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates. METHODS We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064). RESULTS In total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis-12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC. CONCLUSION Sun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make-up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome-wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Shraim
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Mohamed Ziad Farran
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - George He
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Jelena Marunica Karsaj
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSestre milosrdnice University Hospital CenterZagrebCroatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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21
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Takasugi T, Gu P, Liang F, Staco I, Chang S. Pot1b -/- tumors activate G-quadruplex-induced DNA damage to promote telomere hyper-elongation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9227-9247. [PMID: 37560909 PMCID: PMC10516629 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancers must activate telomere maintenance mechanisms to achieve replicative immortality. Mutations in the human Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) gene are frequently detected in cancers with abnormally long telomeres, suggesting that the loss of POT1 function disrupts the regulation of telomere length homeostasis to promote telomere elongation. However, our understanding of the mechanisms leading to elongated telomeres remains incomplete. The mouse genome encodes two POT1 proteins, POT1a and POT1b possessing separation of hPOT1 functions. We performed serial transplantation of Pot1b-/- sarcomas to better understand the role of POT1b in regulating telomere length maintenance. While early-generation Pot1b-/- sarcomas initially possessed shortened telomeres, late-generation Pot1b-/- cells display markedly hyper-elongated telomeres that were recognized as damaged DNA by the Replication Protein A (RPA) complex. The RPA-ATR-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres promotes telomerase recruitment to facilitate telomere hyper-elongation. POT1b, but not POT1a, was able to unfold G-quadruplex present in hyper-elongated telomeres to repress the DNA damage response. Our findings demonstrate that the repression of the RPA-ATR DDR is conserved between POT1b and human POT1, suggesting that similar mechanisms may underly the phenotypes observed in human cancers harboring human POT1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Takasugi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peili Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fengshan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Isabelle Staco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sandy Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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22
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Sharaf R, Jin DX, Grady J, Napier C, Ebot E, Frampton GM, Albacker LA, Thomas DM, Montesion M. A pan-sarcoma landscape of telomeric content shows that alterations in RAD51B and GID4 are associated with higher telomeric content. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:26. [PMID: 37709802 PMCID: PMC10502097 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells need to activate a telomere maintenance mechanism, enabling limitless replication. The bulk of evidence supports that sarcomas predominantly use alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism, commonly associated with alterations in ATRX and DAXX. In our dataset, only 12.3% of sarcomas harbored alterations in these genes. Thus, we checked for the presence of other genomic determinants of high telomeric content in sarcomas. Our dataset consisted of 13555 sarcoma samples, sequenced as a part of routine clinical care on the FoundationOne®Heme platform. We observed a median telomeric content of 622.3 telomeric reads per GC-matched million reads (TRPM) across all samples. In agreement with previous studies, telomeric content was significantly higher in ATRX altered and POT1 altered sarcomas. We further observed that sarcomas with alterations in RAD51B or GID4 were enriched in samples with high telomeric content, specifically within uterus leiomyosarcoma for RAD51B and soft tissue sarcoma (not otherwise specified, nos) for GID4, Furthermore, RAD51B and POT1 alterations were mutually exclusive with ATRX and DAXX alterations, suggestive of functional redundancy. Our results propose a role played by RAD51B and GID4 in telomere elongation in sarcomas and open research opportunities for agents aimed at targeting this critical pathway in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Grady
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine Napier
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ericka Ebot
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David M Thomas
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Lorbeer FK, Rieser G, Goel A, Wang M, Oh A, Yeh I, Bastian BC, Hockemeyer D. Distinct senescence mechanisms restrain progression of dysplastic nevi. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.548818. [PMID: 37503286 PMCID: PMC10369942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.548818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) are frequently found in different cancer types, including approximately 70% of sun-exposed skin melanomas. In melanoma, TPMs are among the earliest mutations and can be present during the transition from nevus to melanoma. However, the specific factors that contribute to the selection of TPMs in certain nevi subsets are not well understood. To investigate this, we analyzed a group of dysplastic nevi (DN) by sequencing genes commonly mutated in melanocytic neoplasms. We examined the relationship between the identified mutations, patient age, telomere length, histological features, and the expression of p16. Our findings reveal that TPMs are more prevalent in DN from older patients and are associated with shorter telomeres. Importantly, these TPMs were not found in nevi with BRAF V600E mutations. Conversely, DN with BRAF V600E mutations were observed in younger patients, had longer telomeres, and a higher proportion of p16-positive cells. This suggests that these nevi arrest growth independently of telomere shortening through a mechanism known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). These characteristics extend to melanoma sequencing data sets, where melanomas with BRAF V600E mutations were more likely to have CDKN2A inactivation, overriding OIS. In contrast, melanomas without BRAF V600E mutations showed a higher frequency of TPMs. Our data imply that TPMs are selected to bypass replicative senescence (RS) in cells that were not arrested by OIS. Overall, our results indicate that a subset of melanocytic neoplasms face constraints from RS, while others encounter OIS and RS. The order in which these barriers are overcome during progression to melanoma depends on the mutational context.
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24
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Simonin-Wilmer I, Ossio R, Leddin EM, Harland M, Pooley KA, Martil de la Garza MG, Obolenski S, Hewinson J, Wong CC, Iyer V, Taylor JC, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Cisneros GA, Iles MM, Adams DJ, Robles-Espinoza CD. Population-based analysis of POT1 variants in a cutaneous melanoma case-control cohort. J Med Genet 2023; 60:692-696. [PMID: 36539277 PMCID: PMC10279804 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the protection of telomeres 1 gene (POT1) have been associated with predisposition to a range of tumour types, including melanoma, glioma, leukaemia and cardiac angiosarcoma. We sequenced all coding exons of the POT1 gene in 2928 European-descent melanoma cases and 3298 controls, identifying 43 protein-changing genetic variants. We performed POT1-telomere binding assays for all missense and stop-gained variants, finding nine variants that impair or disrupt protein-telomere complex formation, and we further define the role of variants in the regulation of telomere length and complex formation through molecular dynamics simulations. We determine that POT1 coding variants are a minor contributor to melanoma burden in the general population, with only about 0.5% of melanoma cases carrying germline pathogenic variants in this gene, but should be screened in individuals with a strong family history of melanoma and/or multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Simonin-Wilmer
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Raul Ossio
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Emmett M Leddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - James Hewinson
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chi C Wong
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - John C Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerardo Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Mark M Iles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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25
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DeBoy EA, Tassia MG, Schratz KE, Yan SM, Cosner ZL, McNally EJ, Gable DL, Xiang Z, Lombard DB, Antonarakis ES, Gocke CD, McCoy RC, Armanios M. Familial Clonal Hematopoiesis in a Long Telomere Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:2422-2433. [PMID: 37140166 PMCID: PMC10501156 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening is a well-characterized cellular aging mechanism, and short telomere syndromes cause age-related disease. However, whether long telomere length is advantageous is poorly understood. METHODS We examined the clinical and molecular features of aging and cancer in persons carrying heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the telomere-related gene POT1 and noncarrier relatives. RESULTS A total of 17 POT1 mutation carriers and 21 noncarrier relatives were initially included in the study, and a validation cohort of 6 additional mutation carriers was subsequently recruited. A majority of the POT1 mutation carriers with telomere length evaluated (9 of 13) had long telomeres (>99th percentile). POT1 mutation carriers had a range of benign and malignant neoplasms involving epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal tissues in addition to B- and T-cell lymphoma and myeloid cancers. Five of 18 POT1 mutation carriers (28%) had T-cell clonality, and 8 of 12 (67%) had clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. A predisposition to clonal hematopoiesis had an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, as well as penetrance that increased with age; somatic DNMT3A and JAK2 hotspot mutations were common. These and other somatic driver mutations probably arose in the first decades of life, and their lineages secondarily accumulated a higher mutation burden characterized by a clocklike signature. Successive generations showed genetic anticipation (i.e., an increasingly early onset of disease). In contrast to noncarrier relatives, who had the typical telomere shortening with age, POT1 mutation carriers maintained telomere length over the course of 2 years. CONCLUSIONS POT1 mutations associated with long telomere length conferred a predisposition to a familial clonal hematopoiesis syndrome that was associated with a range of benign and malignant solid neoplasms. The risk of these phenotypes was mediated by extended cellular longevity and by the capacity to maintain telomeres over time. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A DeBoy
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Michael G Tassia
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Kristen E Schratz
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Stephanie M Yan
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Zoe L Cosner
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Emily J McNally
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Dustin L Gable
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Zhimin Xiang
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - David B Lombard
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Rajiv C McCoy
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
| | - Mary Armanios
- From the Departments of Oncology (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Pathology (C.D.G., M.A.), and Genetic Medicine (M.A.), the Medical Scientist Training Program (E.A.D.), the Telomere Center (E.A.D., K.E.S., Z.L.C., E.J.M., Z.X., M.A.), and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (K.E.S., E.S.A., C.D.G., M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (M.G.T., S.M.Y., R.C.M.) - both in Baltimore; the Child Neurology Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (D.L.G.); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (D.B.L.); and the Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis (E.S.A.)
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26
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Goldstein AM, Qin R, Chu EY, Elder DE, Massi D, Adams DJ, Harms PW, Robles-Espinoza CD, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Harland M, Holland EA, Cust AE, Schmid H, Mann GJ, Puig S, Potrony M, Alos L, Nagore E, Millán-Esteban D, Hayward NK, Broit N, Palmer JM, Nathan V, Berry EG, Astiazaran-Symonds E, Yang XR, Tucker MA, Landi MT, Pfeiffer RM, Sargen MR. Association of germline variants in telomere maintenance genes ( POT1, TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT) with spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma: A multi-center case series. JAAD Int 2023; 11:43-51. [PMID: 36876055 PMCID: PMC9978843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma has been associated with germline variants in POT1, a telomere maintenance gene (TMG), suggesting a link between telomere biology and spitzoid differentiation. Objective To assess if familial melanoma cases associated with germline variants in TMG (POT1, ACD, TERF2IP, and TERT) commonly exhibit spitzoid morphology. Methods In this case series, melanomas were classified as having spitzoid morphology if at least 3 of 4 dermatopathologists reported this finding in ≥25% of tumor cells. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of spitzoid morphology compared to familial melanomas from unmatched noncarriers that were previously reviewed by a National Cancer Institute dermatopathologist. Results Spitzoid morphology was observed in 77% (23 of 30), 75% (3 of 4), 50% (2 of 4), and 50% (1 of 2) of melanomas from individuals with germline variants in POT1, TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT, respectively. Compared to noncarriers (n = 139 melanomas), POT1 carriers (OR = 225.1, 95% confidence interval: 51.7-980.5; P < .001) and individuals with TERF2IP, ACD, and TERT variants (OR = 82.4, 95% confidence interval: 21.3-494.6; P < .001) had increased odds of spitzoid morphology. Limitations Findings may not be generalizable to nonfamilial melanoma cases. Conclusion Spitzoid morphology in familial melanoma could suggest germline alteration of TMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Richard Qin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E. Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Julia A. Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Mark Harland
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Elizabeth A. Holland
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne E. Cust
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Schmid
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J. Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Melanoma Unit, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Alos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | - David Millán-Esteban
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | | | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Nathan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael R. Sargen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Zade NH, Khattar E. POT1 mutations cause differential effects on telomere length leading to opposing disease phenotypes. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1237-1255. [PMID: 37183325 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The protection of telomere protein (POT1) is a telomere-binding protein and is an essential component of the six-membered shelterin complex, which is associated with the telomeres. POT1 directly binds to the 3' single-stranded telomeric overhang and prevents the activation of DNA damage response at telomeres thus preventing the telomere-telomere fusions and genomic instability. POT1 also plays a pivotal role in maintaining telomere length by regulating telomerase-mediated telomere elongation. Mutations in POT1 proteins result in three different telomere phenotypes, which include long, short, or aberrant telomere length. Long telomeres predispose individuals to cancer, while short or aberrant telomere phenotypes result in pro-aging diseases referred to as telomeropathies. Here, we review the function of POT1 proteins in telomere length hemostasis and how the spectrum of mutations reported in POT1 can be segregated toward developing very distinct disease phenotypes of cancer and telomeropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Harish Zade
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
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28
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Rahimi A, Esmaeili Y, Dana N, Dabiri A, Rahimmanesh I, Jandaghain S, Vaseghi G, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Javanmard SH, Cordani M. A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106476. [PMID: 37236377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jandaghain
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Byrjalsen A, Brainin AE, Lund TK, Andersen MK, Jelsig AM. Size matters in telomere biology disorders ‒ expanding phenotypic spectrum in patients with long or short telomeres. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2023; 21:7. [PMID: 37189188 PMCID: PMC10184327 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-023-00251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The end of each chromosome consists of a DNA region termed the telomeres. The telomeres serve as a protective shield against degradation of the coding DNA sequence, as the DNA strand inevitably ‒ with each cell division ‒ is shortened. Inherited genetic variants cause telomere biology disorders when located in genes (e.g. DKC1, RTEL1, TERC, TERT) playing a role in the function and maintenance of the telomeres. Subsequently patients with telomere biology disorders associated with both too short or too long telomeres have been recognized. Patients with telomere biology disorders associated with short telomeres are at increased risk of dyskeratosis congenita (nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia, and hyper- or hypo-pigmentation of the skin), pulmonary fibrosis, hematologic disease (ranging from cytopenia to leukemia) and in rare cases very severe multiorgan manifestations and early death. Patients with telomere biology disorders associated with too long telomeres have in recent years been found to confer an increased risk of melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite this, many patients have an apparently isolated manifestation rendering telomere biology disorders most likely underdiagnosed. The complexity of telomere biology disorders and many causative genes makes it difficult to design a surveillance program which will ensure identification of early onset disease manifestation without overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Byrjalsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark.
| | - Anna Engell Brainin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kromann Lund
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen East, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mette Klarskov Andersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
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30
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Vassiliou G. Telomere Length and Clonal Hematopoiesis. N Engl J Med 2023. [PMID: 37140164 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Vassiliou
- From the Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Pereira I, Monteiro C, Pereira-Silva M, Peixoto D, Nunes C, Reis S, Veiga F, Hamblin MR, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanodelivery systems for cutaneous melanoma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:214-247. [PMID: 36773725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a multifactorial disease whose treatment still presents challenges: the rapid progression to advanced CM, which leads to frequent recurrences even after surgical excision and, notably, the low response rates and resistance to the available therapies, particularly in the case of unresectable metastatic CM. Thereby, alternative innovative therapeutic approaches for CM continue to be searched. In this review we discuss relevant preclinical research studies, and provide a broad-brush analysis of patents and clinical trials which involve the application of nanotechnology-based delivery systems in CM therapy. Nanodelivery systems have been developed for the delivery of anticancer biomolecules to CM, which can be administered by different routes. Overall, nanosystems could promote technological advances in several therapeutic modalities and can be used in combinatorial therapies. Nevertheless, the results of these preclinical studies have not been translated to clinical applications. Thus, concerted and collaborative research studies involving basic, applied, translational, and clinical scientists need to be performed to allow the development of effective and safe nanomedicines to treat CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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32
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Johansson PA, Palmer JM, Hamilton HR, Whiteman DC, Pritchard AL, Hayward NK. Germline Variants in Childhood Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00155-0. [PMID: 36863448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley R Hamilton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Genetics and Immunology Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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33
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Ueno M. Exploring Genetic Interactions with Telomere Protection Gene pot1 in Fission Yeast. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020370. [PMID: 36830739 PMCID: PMC9953254 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of telomere length has a significant impact on cancer risk and aging in humans. Circular chromosomes are found in humans and are often unstable during mitosis, resulting in genome instability. Some types of cancer have a high frequency of a circular chromosome. Fission yeast is a good model for studying the formation and stability of circular chromosomes as deletion of pot1 (encoding a telomere protection protein) results in rapid telomere degradation and chromosome fusion. Pot1 binds to single-stranded telomere DNA and is conserved from fission yeast to humans. Loss of pot1 leads to viable strains in which all three fission yeast chromosomes become circular. In this review, I will introduce pot1 genetic interactions as these inform on processes such as the degradation of uncapped telomeres, chromosome fusion, and maintenance of circular chromosomes. Therefore, exploring genes that genetically interact with pot1 contributes to finding new genes and/or new functions of genes related to the maintenance of telomeres and/or circular chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ueno
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-82-424-7768
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Sanford SL, Opresko PL. UV light-induced dual promoter mutations dismantle the telomeric guardrails in melanoma. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 122:103446. [PMID: 36603239 PMCID: PMC9892262 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how benign nevi can progress to invasive and metastatic Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USAelanoma is critical for developing interventions and therapeutics for this most deadly form of skin cancer. UV-induced mutations in the telomerase TERT gene promoter occur in the majority of melanomas but fail to prevent telomere shortening despite telomerase upregulation. This suggests additional "hits" are required to enable telomere maintenance. A new study in Science identified somatic variants in the promoter of the gene that encodes telomere shelterin protein TPP1 in human melanomas. These variants show mutational signatures of UV-induced DNA damage and upregulate TPP1 expression, which synergizes with telomerase to lengthen telomeres. This study provides evidence that TPP1 promoter variants are a critical second hit to prevent telomere shortening and promote immortalization of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Sanford
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
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35
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Revy P, Kannengiesser C, Bertuch AA. Genetics of human telomere biology disorders. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:86-108. [PMID: 36151328 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that prevent the activation of DNA damage response and repair pathways. Numerous factors localize at telomeres to regulate their length, structure and function, to avert replicative senescence or genome instability and cell death. In humans, Mendelian defects in several of these factors can result in abnormally short or dysfunctional telomeres, causing a group of rare heterogeneous premature-ageing diseases, termed telomeropathies, short-telomere syndromes or telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Here, we review the TBD-causing genes identified so far and describe their main functions associated with telomere biology. We present molecular aspects of TBDs, including genetic anticipation, phenocopy, incomplete penetrance and somatic genetic rescue, which underlie the complexity of these diseases. We also discuss the implications of phenotypic and genetic features of TBDs on fundamental aspects related to human telomere biology, ageing and cancer, as well as on diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Inserm U1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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37
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Wen J, Zhong X, Gao C, Yang M, Tang M, Yuan Z, Wang Q, Xu L, Ma Q, Guo X, Fang L. TPP1 Inhibits DNA Damage Response and Chemosensitivity in Esophageal Cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:77-91. [PMID: 37606165 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
TPP1, as one of the telomere-protective protein complex, functions to maintain telomere stability. In this study, we found that TPP1 was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer (EC). We found that the proliferation and migration ability were significantly inhibited, while the results of flow cytometry assay indicated that the growth was hindered in the G1 phase after TPP1 knockdown. However, the proliferative viability and migratory ability were reversed after TPP1 overexpression in EC cells. Then, we found a significant increase in β-galactosidase positivity following TPP1 knockdown and the opposite following TPP1 overexpression in EC cells. Furthermore, TPP1 knockdown increased DNA damage and upregulated expression of the γ-H2AXS139 in the cell nucleus. Correspondingly, DNA damage was reversed after TPP1 overexpression in EC cells. Similarly, we found that the expression of ATM/ATR pathway proteins were upregulated after TPP1 knockdown, while the expression of the above proteins was downregulated after TPP1 overexpression in EC cells. TPP1 knockdown significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors and upregulated the expression of ATM/ATR pathway proteins in transplanted tissues, whereas TPP1 overexpression significantly promoted their proliferation and downregulated the expression of the above proteins in vivo. Strikingly, we found that TPP1 could reduce the chemosensitivity of EC cells to cisplatin, which may have a potential link to clinical chemoresistance. In conclusion, TPP1 regulates the DNA damage response through the ATM/ATR-p53 signaling pathway and chemoresistance and may be a new target for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanli Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Miyuan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Maoju Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Zichun Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
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38
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Wang TM, He YQ, Xue WQ, Zhang JB, Xia YF, Deng CM, Zhang WL, Xiao RW, Liao Y, Yang DW, Zhou T, Li DH, Luo LT, Tong XT, Wu YX, Chen XY, Li XZ, Zhang PF, Zheng XH, Zhang SD, Hu YZ, Wang F, Wu ZY, Zheng MQ, Huang JW, Jia YJ, Yuan LL, You R, Zhou GQ, Lu LX, Liu YY, Chen MY, Feng L, Dai W, Ren ZF, Mai HQ, Sun Y, Ma J, Zheng W, Lung ML, Jia WH. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Familial Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Implication for Identifying High-Risk Individuals. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1689-1697. [PMID: 36066420 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus infection, showing strong familial aggregation. Individuals with a family history suffer elevated NPC risk, requiring effective genetic counseling for risk stratification and individualized prevention. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing on 502 familial NPC patients and 404 unaffected relatives and controls. We systematically evaluated the established cancer predisposition genes and investigated novel NPC susceptibility genes, making comparisons with 21 other familial cancers in the UK biobank (N = 5218). RESULTS Rare pathogenic mutations in the established cancer predisposition genes were observed in familial NPC patients, including ERCC2 (1.39%), TP63 (1.00%), MUTYH (0.80%), and BRCA1 (0.80%). Additionally, 6 novel susceptibility genes were identified. RAD54L, involved in the DNA repair pathway together with ERCC2, MUTYH, and BRCA1, showed the highest frequency (4.18%) in familial NPC. Enrichment analysis found mutations in TP63 were enriched in familial NPC, and RAD54L and EML2 were enriched in both NPC and other Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancers. Besides rare variants, common variants reported in the studies of sporadic NPC were also associated with familial NPC risk. Individuals in the top quantile of common variant-derived genetic risk score while carrying rare variants exhibited increased NPC risk (odds ratio = 13.47, 95% confidence interval = 6.33 to 28.68, P = 1.48 × 10-11); men in this risk group showed a cumulative lifetime risk of 24.19%, much higher than those in the bottom common variant-derived genetic risk score quantile and without rare variants (2.04%). CONCLUSIONS This study expands the catalog of NPC susceptibility genes and provides the potential for risk stratification of individuals with an NPC family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Mi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Ting Luo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Ting Tong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Zhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Qi Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Jia
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Yuan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui You
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Newell F, Johansson PA, Wilmott JS, Nones K, Lakis V, Pritchard AL, Lo SN, Rawson RV, Kazakoff SH, Colebatch AJ, Koufariotis LT, Ferguson PM, Wood S, Leonard C, Law MH, Brooks KM, Broit N, Palmer JM, Couts KL, Vergara IA, Long GV, Barbour AP, Nieweg OE, Shivalingam B, Robinson WA, Stretch JR, Spillane AJ, Saw RP, Shannon KF, Thompson JF, Mann GJ, Pearson JV, Scolyer RA, Waddell N, Hayward NK. Comparative Genomics Provides Etiologic and Biological Insight into Melanoma Subtypes. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2856-2879. [PMID: 36098958 PMCID: PMC9716259 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer of melanocytes, with multiple subtypes based on body site location. Cutaneous melanoma is associated with skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation; uveal melanoma occurs in the eyes; mucosal melanoma occurs in internal mucous membranes; and acral melanoma occurs on the palms, soles, and nail beds. Here, we present the largest whole-genome sequencing study of melanoma to date, with 570 tumors profiled, as well as methylation and RNA sequencing for subsets of tumors. Uveal melanoma is genomically distinct from other melanoma subtypes, harboring the lowest tumor mutation burden and with significantly mutated genes in the G-protein signaling pathway. Most cutaneous, acral, and mucosal melanomas share alterations in components of the MAPK, PI3K, p53, p16, and telomere pathways. However, the mechanism by which these pathways are activated or inactivated varies between melanoma subtypes. Additionally, we identify potential novel germline predisposition genes for some of the less common melanoma subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE This is the largest whole-genome analysis of melanoma to date, comprehensively comparing the genomics of the four major melanoma subtypes. This study highlights both similarities and differences between the subtypes, providing insights into the etiology and biology of melanoma. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Corresponding Authors: Felicity Newell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3965; E-mail: ; Richard A. Scolyer, Melanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rockland Road, Wollstonecraft, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. Phone: 61-2-9515-7011; E-mail: ; and Nicola Waddell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3538;
| | - Peter A. Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James S. Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L. Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Serigne N. Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert V. Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J. Colebatch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Peter M. Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew H. Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly M. Brooks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Q-Gen Cell Therapeutics, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kasey L. Couts
- Center for Rare Melanomas, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ismael A. Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Barbour
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omgo E. Nieweg
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William A. Robinson
- Center for Rare Melanomas, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan R. Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn P.M. Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerwin F. Shannon
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F. Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham J. Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - John V. Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Corresponding Authors: Felicity Newell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3965; E-mail: ; Richard A. Scolyer, Melanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rockland Road, Wollstonecraft, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. Phone: 61-2-9515-7011; E-mail: ; and Nicola Waddell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3538;
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Corresponding Authors: Felicity Newell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3965; E-mail: ; Richard A. Scolyer, Melanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rockland Road, Wollstonecraft, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. Phone: 61-2-9515-7011; E-mail: ; and Nicola Waddell, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3845-3538;
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40
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Maas EJ, Betz-Stablein B, Aoude LG, Soyer HP, McInerney-Leo AM. Unusual suspects in hereditary melanoma: POT1, POLE, BAP1. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1204-1207. [PMID: 35811174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Systematic literature searches on POT1/POLE/BAP1 found that limited skin phenotypic characteristics have been documented in mutation carriers; 248 variants were annotated, and high-cluster variant regions associated with cutaneous melanoma were found in all three genes. Genotype-phenotype correlations can be used to identify patient disease predisposition based on mutation position and cluster regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie J Maas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Brigid Betz-Stablein
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren G Aoude
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Surgical Oncology Group, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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41
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Bakr FS, Whittaker SJ. Advances in the understanding and treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043254. [PMID: 36505788 PMCID: PMC9729763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) characterised by the clonal proliferation of malignant, skin homing T-cells. Recent advances have been made in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of CTCL. Multiple deep sequencing studies have revealed a complex genomic landscape with large numbers of novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs). Commonly perturbed genes include those involved in T-cell receptor signalling, T-cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, epigenetic regulators as well as genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair. In addition, studies in CTCL have identified a dominant UV mutational signature in contrast to systemic T-cell lymphomas and this likely contributes to the high tumour mutational burden. As current treatment options for advanced stages of CTCL are associated with short-lived responses, targeting these deregulated pathways could provide novel therapeutic approaches for patients. In this review article we summarise the key pathways disrupted in CTCL and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
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42
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Chun-on P, Hinchie AM, Beale HC, Gil Silva AA, Rush E, Sander C, Connelly CJ, Seynnaeve BK, Kirkwood JM, Vaske OM, Greider CW, Alder JK. TPP1 promoter mutations cooperate with TERT promoter mutations to lengthen telomeres in melanoma. Science 2022; 378:664-668. [PMID: 36356143 PMCID: PMC10590476 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming replicative senescence is an essential step during oncogenesis, and the reactivation of TERT through promoter mutations is a common mechanism. TERT promoter mutations are acquired in about 75% of melanomas but are not sufficient to maintain telomeres, suggesting that additional mutations are required. We identified a cluster of variants in the promoter of ACD encoding the shelterin component TPP1. ACD promoter variants are present in about 5% of cutaneous melanoma and co-occur with TERT promoter mutations. The two most common somatic variants create or modify binding sites for E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factors, similar to mutations in the TERT promoter. The variants increase the expression of TPP1 and function together with TERT to synergistically lengthen telomeres. Our findings suggest that TPP1 promoter variants collaborate with TERT activation to enhance telomere maintenance and immortalization in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattra Chun-on
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy; Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angela M. Hinchie
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Holly C. Beale
- UC Santa Cruz, Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
| | - Agustin A. Gil Silva
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rush
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla J. Connelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittani K.N. Seynnaeve
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olena M. Vaske
- UC Santa Cruz, Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
| | - Carol W. Greider
- UC Santa Cruz, Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz; CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Alder
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Hakkarainen M, Koski JR, Heckman CA, Anttila P, Silvennoinen R, Lievonen J, Kilpivaara O, Wartiovaara‐Kautto U. A germline exome analysis reveals harmful POT1 variants in multiple myeloma patients and families. EJHAEM 2022; 3:1352-1357. [PMID: 36467798 PMCID: PMC9713058 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Observations of inherited susceptibility to multiple myeloma have led to active research in defining predisposing genes to the disease. Here, we analysed 128 plasma cell dyscrasia patients' germline whole-exome sequencing data. Rare dominantly inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant was found in 9.4% of the patients. Among the P/LP variants, CHEK2 (p. Thr410MetfsTer15) was the most prevalent (n = 5, 3.9%). Interestingly, P/LP variants in POT1 were identified in three patients (2.3%). Our findings broaden the spectrum of POT1-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of the germline genetic analysis in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hakkarainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jessica R. Koski
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland ‐ FIMM, HiLIFE ‐ Helsinki institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Lievonen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic Center (Helsinki University Hospital), HUSLAB Laboratory of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara‐Kautto
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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44
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Yeap I, Becker T, Azimi F, Kernohan M. The management of hereditary melanoma, FAMMM syndrome and germline CDKN2A mutations: a narrative review. AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.34239/ajops.v5n2.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, in which patients present with a large number of melanocytic naevi and a strong history of malignant melanoma, usually at a young age. The most common genetic alteration, implicated in 40 per cent of FAMMM syndrome families, is a mutation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A).1 CDKN2A encodes the tumour suppressor gene p16INK4a, a critical cell cycle inhibitor.2
The diagnosis and management of patients with FAMMM syndrome is relevant to the plastic surgeon who manages melanoma. However, clear guidelines on its diagnostic criteria and its relationship to associated but distinct syndromes, such as hereditary melanoma and B-K mole syndrome, are lacking in the extant literature.
The aim of this review is to clarify the diagnostic criteria and management principles for FAMMM syndrome. We propose a new system of classifying FAMMM syndrome patients as a subset of all patients with hereditary melanoma. We also present a management algorithm for these distinct patient groups (FAMMM syndrome, hereditary melanoma and germline CDKN2A mutations).
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45
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Šerman N, Vranić S, Glibo M, Šerman L, Mokos ZB. Genetic risk factors in melanoma etiopathogenesis and the role of genetic counseling: A concise review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:673-682. [PMID: 35465855 PMCID: PMC9519167 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer originating from melanocytes. Its etiopathogenesis is strongly related to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Melanomas encountered in clinical practice are predominantly sporadic, whereas hereditary melanomas account for approximately 10% of the cases. Hereditary melanomas mainly develop due to mutations in the CDKN2A gene, which encodes two tumor suppressor proteins involved in the cell cycle regulation. CDKN2A, along with CDK4, TERT, and POT1 genes, is a high-risk gene for melanoma. Among the genes that carry a moderate risk are MC1R and MITF, whose protein products are involved in melanin synthesis. The environment also contributes to the development of melanoma. Patients at risk of melanoma should be offered genetic counseling to discuss genetic testing options and the importance of skin UV protection, avoidance of sun exposure, and regular preventive dermatological examinations. Although cancer screening cannot prevent the development of the disease, it allows for early diagnosis when the survival rate is the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semir Vranić
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mislav Glibo
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Šerman
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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46
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Pascual-Torner M, Carrero D, Pérez-Silva JG, Álvarez-Puente D, Roiz-Valle D, Bretones G, Rodríguez D, Maeso D, Mateo-González E, Español Y, Mariño G, Acuña JL, Quesada V, López-Otín C. Comparative genomics of mortal and immortal cnidarians unveils novel keys behind rejuvenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118763119. [PMID: 36037356 PMCID: PMC9459311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118763119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Turritopsis dohrnii is the only metazoan able to rejuvenate repeatedly after its medusae reproduce, hinting at biological immortality and challenging our understanding of aging. We present and compare whole-genome assemblies of T. dohrnii and the nonimmortal Turritopsis rubra using automatic and manual annotations, together with the transcriptome of life cycle reversal (LCR) process of T. dohrnii. We have identified variants and expansions of genes associated with replication, DNA repair, telomere maintenance, redox environment, stem cell population, and intercellular communication. Moreover, we have found silencing of polycomb repressive complex 2 targets and activation of pluripotency targets during LCR, which points to these transcription factors as pluripotency inducers in T. dohrnii. Accordingly, we propose these factors as key elements in the ability of T. dohrnii to undergo rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pascual-Torner
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Dido Carrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - José G. Pérez-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Diana Álvarez-Puente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - David Roiz-Valle
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Gabriel Bretones
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Daniel Maeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Elena Mateo-González
- Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Yaiza Español
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Autophagy and Metabolism Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - José Luis Acuña
- Observatorio Marino de Asturias, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Ciberonc, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
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47
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Ulisse S, Baldini E, Pironi D, Gagliardi F, Tripodi D, Lauro A, Carbotta S, Tarroni D, D’Armiento M, Morrone A, Forte F, Frattaroli F, Persechino S, Odorisio T, D’Andrea V, Lori E, Sorrenti S. Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710036. [PMID: 36077430 PMCID: PMC9456309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a relationship between thyroid diseases and melanoma. In particular, the hypothyroidism condition appears to promote melanoma spread, which suggests a protective role of thyroid hormones against disease progression. In addition, experimental data suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormones, other hormonal players of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, namely the thyrotropin releasing hormone and the thyrotropin, are likely to affect melanoma cells behavior. This information warrants further clinical and experimental studies in order to build a precise pattern of action of the HPT hormones on melanoma cells. An improved knowledge of the involved molecular mechanism(s) could lead to a better and possibly personalized clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabino Carbotta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Tarroni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo D’Armiento
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Forte
- Urology Department, M.G. Vannini Hospital, 00177 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Frattaroli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Severino Persechino
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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48
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Rashid S, Gupta S, McCormick SR, Tsao H. New Insights into Melanoma Tumor Syndromes. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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49
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Castaneda-Garcia C, Iyer V, Nsengimana J, Trower A, Droop A, Brown KM, Choi J, Zhang T, Harland M, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Adams DJ, Iles MM, Robles-Espinoza CD. Defining novel causal SNPs and linked phenotypes at melanoma-associated loci. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2845-2856. [PMID: 35357426 PMCID: PMC9433725 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genomic regions have been associated with melanoma risk through genome-wide association studies; however, the causal variants underlying the majority of these associations remain unknown. Here, we sequenced either the full locus or the functional regions including exons of 19 melanoma-associated loci in 1959 British melanoma cases and 737 controls. Variant filtering followed by Fisher's exact test analyses identified 66 variants associated with melanoma risk. Sequential conditional logistic regression identified the distinct haplotypes on which variants reside, and massively parallel reporter assays provided biological insights into how these variants influence gene function. We performed further analyses to link variants to melanoma risk phenotypes and assessed their association with melanoma-specific survival. Our analyses replicate previously known associations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and tyrosinase (TYR) loci, while identifying novel potentially causal variants at the MTAP/CDKN2A and CASP8 loci. These results improve our understanding of the architecture of melanoma risk and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castaneda-Garcia
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, México 76230, USA
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB101SA, UK
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BN, UK
| | - Adam Trower
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, USA
| | - Alastair Droop
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB101SA, UK
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Harland
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB101SA, UK
| | - Mark M Iles
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, USA
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, México 76230, USA
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB101SA, UK
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Fanelli A, Marconato L, Licenziato L, Minoli L, Rouquet N, Aresu L. POT1 mutations are frequent and associated with Ki-67 index in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:968807. [PMID: 36016811 PMCID: PMC9396242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.968807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents one of the most frequent and deadliest neoplasia in dogs worldwide and is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity, with poor chances to anticipate the outcome. Even if in the last years some recurrently mutated genes have been identified, the genetic origin of canine DLBCL (cDLBCL) is not yet completely understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of POT1 mutations in cDLBCL and to elucidate the role of such gene in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Mutations in POT1 were retrieved in 34% of cases, in line with previous reports, but no significant associations with any clinico-pathological variable were identified. Likewise, POT1 mutations are not predictive of worse prognosis. Interestingly, Ki-67 index was significantly higher in dogs harboring POT1 mutations compared to wild-type ones. These results suggest that POT1 mutations may exert their pathogenic role in cDLBCL by promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Fanelli
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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