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Ewen-Campen B, Perrimon N. Wnt signaling modulates the response to DNA damage in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc by regulating the EGFR pathway. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002547. [PMID: 39047051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the deep conservation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, cells in different contexts vary widely in their susceptibility to DNA damage and their propensity to undergo apoptosis as a result of genomic lesions. One of the cell signaling pathways implicated in modulating the DDR is the highly conserved Wnt pathway, which is known to promote resistance to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in a variety of human cancers. However, the mechanisms linking Wnt signal transduction to the DDR remain unclear. Here, we use a genetically encoded system in Drosophila to reliably induce consistent levels of DNA damage in vivo, and demonstrate that canonical Wnt signaling in the wing imaginal disc buffers cells against apoptosis in the face of DNA double-strand breaks. We show that Wg, the primary Wnt ligand in Drosophila, activates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling via the ligand-processing protease Rhomboid, which, in turn, modulates the DDR in a Chk2-, p53-, and E2F1-dependent manner. These studies provide mechanistic insight into the modulation of the DDR by the Wnt and EGFR pathways in vivo in a highly proliferative tissue. Furthermore, they reveal how the growth and patterning functions of Wnt signaling are coupled with prosurvival, antiapoptotic activities, thereby facilitating developmental robustness in the face of genomic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ewen-Campen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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2
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Matakatsu H, Fehon RG. Dachsous and Fat coordinately repress the Dachs-Dlish-Approximated complex to control growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599638. [PMID: 38948705 PMCID: PMC11212998 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two protocadherins, Dachsous (Ds) and Fat (Ft), regulate organ growth in Drosophila via the Hippo pathway. Ds and Ft bind heterotypically to regulate the abundance and subcellular localization of a 'core complex' consisting of Dachs, Dlish and Approximated. This complex localizes to the junctional cortex where it promotes growth by repressing the pathway kinase Warts. Ds is believed to promote growth by recruiting and stabilizing the core complex at the junctional cortex, while Ft represses growth by promoting degradation of core complex components. Here, we examine the functions of intracellular domains of Ds and Ft and their relationship to the core complex. While Ds promotes accumulation of the core complex proteins in cortical puncta, it is not required for core complex assembly. Indeed, the core complex assembles maximally in the absence of both Ds and Ft. Furthermore, while Ds promotes growth in the presence of Ft, it represses growth in the absence of Ft by removing the core complex from the junctional cortex. Ft similarly recruits core complex components, however it normally promotes their degradation. Our findings reveal that Ds and Ft constrain tissue growth by repressing the default 'on' state of the core complex.
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3
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Liu A, O’Connell J, Wall F, Carthew RW. Scaling between cell cycle duration and wing growth is regulated by Fat-Dachsous signaling in Drosophila. eLife 2024; 12:RP91572. [PMID: 38842917 PMCID: PMC11156469 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous (Ds) signal through the Hippo pathway to regulate growth of numerous organs, including the Drosophila wing. Here, we find that Ds-Fat signaling tunes a unique feature of cell proliferation found to control the rate of wing growth during the third instar larval phase. The duration of the cell cycle increases in direct proportion to the size of the wing, leading to linear-like growth during the third instar. Ds-Fat signaling enhances the rate at which the cell cycle lengthens with wing size, thus diminishing the rate of wing growth. We show that this results in a complex but stereotyped relative scaling of wing growth with body growth in Drosophila. Finally, we examine the dynamics of Fat and Ds protein distribution in the wing, observing graded distributions that change during growth. However, the significance of these dynamics is unclear since perturbations in expression have negligible impact on wing growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in BiologyChicagoUnited States
| | - Jessica O’Connell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Farley Wall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Richard W Carthew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in BiologyChicagoUnited States
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4
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Qin M, Geng E, Wang J, Yu M, Dong T, Li S, Zhang X, Lin J, Shi M, Li J, Zhang H, Chen L, Cao X, Huang L, Wang M, Li Y, Yang XP, Zhao B, Sun S. LATS2 condensates organize signalosomes for Hippo pathway signal transduction. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:710-720. [PMID: 38200110 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates have been proposed to mediate cellular signaling transduction. However, the mechanism and functional consequences of signal condensates are not well understood. Here we report that LATS2, the core kinase of the Hippo pathway, responds to F-actin cytoskeleton reduction and forms condensates. The proline-rich motif (PRM) of LATS2 mediates its condensation. LATS2 partitions with the main components of the Hippo pathway to assemble a signalosome for LATS2 activation and for its stability by physically compartmentalizing from E3 ligase FBXL16 complex-dependent degradation, which in turn mediates yes-associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) recruitment and inactivation. This oncogenic FBXL16 complex blocks LATS2 condensation by binding to the PRM region to promote its degradation. Disruption of LATS2 condensation leads to tumor progression. Thus, our study uncovers that the signalosomes assembled by LATS2 condensation provide a compartmentalized and reversible platform for Hippo signaling transduction and protein stability, which have potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ershuo Geng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingning Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juebei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuguo Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Srivastava T, Nguyen H, Haden G, Diba P, Sowa S, LaNguyen N, Reed-Dustin W, Zhu W, Gong X, Harris EN, Baltan S, Back SA. TSG-6-Mediated Extracellular Matrix Modifications Regulate Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2215232024. [PMID: 38569926 PMCID: PMC11112645 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2215-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans containing link domains modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate cellular homeostasis and can also sensitize tissues/organs to injury and stress. Hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injury disrupts cellular homeostasis by activating inflammation and attenuating regeneration and repair pathways. In the brain, the main component of the ECM is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), but whether HA modifications of the ECM regulate cellular homeostasis and response to H-I injury is not known. In this report, employing both male and female mice, we demonstrate that link-domain-containing proteoglycan, TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), is active in the brain from birth onward and differentially modifies ECM HA during discrete neurodevelopmental windows. ECM HA modification by TSG-6 enables it to serve as a developmental switch to regulate the activity of the Hippo pathway effector protein, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), in the maturing brain and in response to H-I injury. Mice that lack TSG-6 expression display dysregulated expression of YAP1 targets, excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1; glutamate-aspartate transporter) and 2 (EAAT2; glutamate transporter-1). Dysregulation of YAP1 activation in TSG-6-/- mice coincides with age- and sex-dependent sensitization of the brain to H-I injury such that 1-week-old neonates display an anti-inflammatory response in contrast to an enhanced proinflammatory injury reaction in 3-month-old adult males but not females. Our findings thus support that a key regulator of age- and sex-dependent H-I injury response in the mouse brain is modulation of the Hippo-YAP1 pathway by TSG-6-dependent ECM modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taasin Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Division of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Gage Haden
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Parham Diba
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Steven Sowa
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Norah LaNguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - William Reed-Dustin
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Division of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Selva Baltan
- Division of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Stephen A Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239
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6
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumor-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumor Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Yorkie Feedforward Loop. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1768. [PMID: 38730720 PMCID: PMC11083887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signaling interactions to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer, e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and sustained proliferative signaling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumor growth through pro-tumor signaling and intercellular interactions like cell competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumor cells and enable tumor cells to achieve the hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis (RasV12,scrib-) in Drosophila, we show that RasV12,scrib- tumor cells grow through the activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK, and Yki. We show that RasV12,scrib- cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signaling, and all these signals are required for the growth of RasV12,scrib- tumors. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumor growth. We found that the Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumor cells and not in normal cells, in which apical-basal polarity remains intact. Our findings suggest that the identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights into the key biologically meaningful changes in signaling pathways and paradoxical signals that promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrayani Waghmare
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Karishma Gangwani
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Computational Biology Department, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Arushi Rai
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (I.W.); (A.R.); (A.S.)
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Integrative Science and Engineering Centre (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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7
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Liu A, O’Connell J, Wall F, Carthew RW. Scaling between cell cycle duration and wing growth is regulated by Fat-Dachsous signaling in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.01.551465. [PMID: 38645118 PMCID: PMC11030236 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous (Ds) signal through the Hippo pathway to regulate growth of numerous organs, including the Drosophila wing. Here, we find that Ds-Fat signaling tunes a unique feature of cell proliferation found to control the rate of wing growth during the third instar larval phase. The duration of the cell cycle increases in direct proportion to the size of the wing, leading to linear-like growth during the third instar. Ds-Fat signaling enhances the rate at which the cell cycle lengthens with wing size, thus diminishing the rate of wing growth. We show that this results in a complex but stereotyped relative scaling of wing growth with body growth in Drosophila. Finally, we examine the dynamics of Fat and Ds protein distribution in the wing, observing graded distributions that change during growth. However, the significance of these dynamics is unclear since perturbations in expression have negligible impact on wing growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - Jessica O’Connell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - Farley Wall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - Richard W. Carthew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
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8
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Tripathi BK, Irvine KD. Contributions of the Dachsous intracellular domain to Dachsous-Fat signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587940. [PMID: 38617303 PMCID: PMC11014530 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The protocadherins Fat and Dachsous regulate organ growth, shape, patterning, and planar cell polarity. Although Dachsous and Fat have been described as ligand and receptor, respectively, in a signal transduction pathway, there is also evidence for bidirectional signaling. Here we assess signaling downstream of Dachsous through analysis of its intracellular domain. Genomic deletions of conserved sequences within dachsous identified regions of the intracellular domain required for normal development. Deletion of the A motif increased Dachsous protein levels and decreased wing size. Deletion of the D motif decreased Dachsous levels at cell membranes, increased wing size, and disrupted wing, leg and hindgut patterning and planar cell polarity. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments established that the D motif is necessary and sufficient for association of Dachsous with four key partners: Lowfat, Dachs, Spiny-legs, and MyoID. Subdivision of the D motif identified distinct regions that are preferentially responsible for association with Lft versus Dachs. Our results identify motifs that are essential for Dachsous function and are consistent with the hypothesis that the key function of Dachsous is regulation of Fat.
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Febres-Aldana CA, Fanaroff R, Offin M, Zauderer MG, Sauter JL, Yang SR, Ladanyi M. Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma: Advances in Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:11-42. [PMID: 37722697 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surfaces. While DPM is a well-recognized disease linked to asbestos exposure, recent advances have expanded our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and transformed our clinical practice. This comprehensive review explores the current concepts and emerging trends in DPM, including risk factors, pathobiology, histologic subtyping, and therapeutic management, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Febres-Aldana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Rachel Fanaroff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Michael Offin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sauter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Soo-Ryum Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
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10
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Zhuang A, Gu X, Ge T, Wang S, Ge S, Chai P, Jia R, Fan X. Targeting histone deacetylase suppresses tumor growth through eliciting METTL14-modified m 6 A RNA methylation in ocular melanoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1185-1206. [PMID: 37466203 PMCID: PMC10631484 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversified histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACis) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. N6-methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent messenger RNA modification that plays an essential role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Howbeit, an in-depth understanding of the crosstalk between histone acetylation and m6 A RNA modifications remains enigmatic. This study aimed to explore the role of histone acetylation and m6 A modifications in the regulation of tumorigenesis of ocular melanoma. METHODS Histone modification inhibitor screening was used to explore the effects of HDACis on ocular melanoma cells. Dot blot assay was used to detect the global m6 A RNA modification level. Multi-omics assays, including RNA-sequencing, cleavage under targets and tagmentation, single-cell sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meRIP-seq), and m6 A individual nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation-sequencing (miCLIP-seq), were performed to reveal the mechanisms of HDACis on methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and FAT tumor suppressor homolog 4 (FAT4) in ocular melanoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were applied to detect the expression of METTL14 and FAT4 in ocular melanoma cells and tissues. Cell models and orthotopic xenograft models were established to determine the roles of METTL14 and FAT4 in the growth of ocular melanoma. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR, meRIP-seq, miCLIP-seq, and RNA stability assay were adopted to investigate the mechanism by which m6 A levels of FAT4 were affected. RESULTS First, we found that ocular melanoma cells presented vulnerability towards HDACis. HDACis triggered the elevation of m6 A RNA modification in ocular melanoma. Further studies revealed that METTL14 served as a downstream candidate for HDACis. METTL14 was silenced by the hypo-histone acetylation status, whereas HDACi restored the normal histone acetylation level of METTL14, thereby inducing its expression. Subsequently, METTL14 served as a tumor suppressor by promoting the expression of FAT4, a tumor suppressor, in a m6 A-YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1-dependent manner. Taken together, we found that HDACi restored the histone acetylation level of METTL14 and subsequently elicited METTL14-mediated m6 A modification in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HDACis exert anti-cancer effects by orchestrating m6 A modification, which unveiling a "histone-RNA crosstalk" of the HDAC/METTL14/FAT4 epigenetic cascade in ocular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhuang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
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11
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Waghmare I, Gangwani K, Rai A, Singh A, Kango-Singh M. A Tumour-Specific Molecular Network Promotes Tumour Growth in Drosophila by Enforcing a JNK-YKI Feedforward Loop. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.561369. [PMID: 37904920 PMCID: PMC10614921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.561369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells expand rapidly in response to altered intercellular and signalling interactions to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Impaired cell polarity combined with activated oncogenes is known to promote several hallmarks of cancer e.g., activating invasion by increased activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and sustained proliferative signalling by increased activity of Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Thus, JNK, Yki, and their downstream transcription factors have emerged as synergistic drivers of tumour growth through pro-tumour signalling and intercellular interactions like cell-competition. However, little is known about the signals that converge onto JNK and Yki in tumour cells that enable the tumour cells to achieve hallmarks of cancer. Here, using mosaic models of cooperative oncogenesis ( Ras V12 , scrib - ) in Drosophila , we show that Ras V12 , scrib - tumour cells grow by activation of a previously unidentified network comprising Wingless (Wg), Dronc, JNK and Yki. We show that Ras V12 , scrib - cells show increased Wg, Dronc, JNK, and Yki signalling, and all of these signals are required for the growth of Ras V12 , scrib - tumours. We report that Wg and Dronc converge onto a JNK-Yki self-reinforcing positive feedback signal-amplification loop that promotes tumour growth. We found that Wg-Dronc-Yki-JNK molecular network is specifically activated in polarity-impaired tumour cells and not in normal cells where apical basal polarity is intact. Our findings suggest that identification of molecular networks may provide significant insights about the key biologically meaningful changes in signalling pathways, and paradoxical signals that promote Tumourigenesis.
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12
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Gou J, Zhang T, Othmer HG. The Interaction of Mechanics and the Hippo Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4840. [PMID: 37835534 PMCID: PMC10571775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an ideal system for studying the networks that control tissue development and homeostasis and, given the similarity of the pathways involved, controlled and uncontrolled growth in mammalian systems. The signaling pathways used in patterning the Drosophila wing disc are well known and result in the emergence of interaction of these pathways with the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a central role in controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanical effects are another major factor in the control of growth, but far less is known about how they exert their control. Herein, we develop a mathematical model that integrates the mechanical interactions between cells, which occur via adherens and tight junctions, with the intracellular actin network and the Hippo pathway so as to better understand cell-autonomous and non-autonomous control of growth in response to mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA;
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Hans G. Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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13
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Song S, Ma X. E2 enzyme Bruce negatively regulates Hippo signaling through POSH-mediated expanded degradation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:602. [PMID: 37699871 PMCID: PMC10497580 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a master regulator of organ growth, stem cell renewal, and tumorigenesis, its activation is tightly controlled by various post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. While several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified as regulators of Hippo pathway, the corresponding E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) remain unknown. Here, we performed a screen in Drosophila to identify E2s involved in regulating wing overgrowth caused by the overexpression of Crumbs (Crb) intracellular domain and identified Bruce as a critical regulator. Loss of Bruce downregulates Hippo target gene expression and suppresses Hippo signaling inactivation induced tissue growth. Unexpectedly, our genetic data indicate that Bruce acts upstream of Expanded (Ex) but in parallel with the canonical Hippo (Hpo) -Warts (Wts) cascade to regulate Yorkie (Yki), the downstream effector of Hippo pathway. Mechanistically, Bruce synergizes with E3 ligase POSH to regulate growth and ubiquitination-mediated Ex degradation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Bruce is required for Hippo-mediated malignant tumor progression. Altogether, our findings unveil Bruce as a crucial E2 enzyme that bridges the signal from the cell surface to regulate Hippo pathway activation in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Song
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Spitzer DC, Sun WY, Rodríguez-Vargas A, Hariharan IK. The cell adhesion molecule Echinoid promotes tissue survival and separately restricts tissue overgrowth in Drosophila imaginal discs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552072. [PMID: 37577631 PMCID: PMC10418178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The interactions that cells in Drosophila imaginal discs have with their neighbors are known to regulate their ability to survive. In a screen of genes encoding cell surface proteins for gene knockdowns that affect the size or shape of mutant clones, we found that clones of cells with reduced levels of echinoid (ed) are fewer, smaller, and can be eliminated during development. In contrast, discs composed mostly of ed mutant tissue are overgrown. We find that ed mutant tissue has lower levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Diap1 and has increased levels of apoptosis which is consistent with the observed underrepresentation of ed mutant clones and the slow growth of ed mutant tissue. The eventual overgrowth of ed mutant tissue results not from accelerated growth, but from prolonged growth resulting from a failure to arrest growth at the appropriate final size. Ed has previously been shown to physically interact with multiple Hippo-pathway components and it has been proposed to promote Hippo pathway signaling, to exclude Yorkie (Yki) from the nucleus, and restrain the expression of Yki-target genes. We did not observe changes in Yki localization in ed mutant tissue and found decreased levels of expression of several Yorkie-target genes, findings inconsistent with the proposed effect of Ed on Yki. We did, however, observe increased expression of several Yki-target genes in wild-type cells neighboring ed mutant cells, which may contribute to elimination of ed mutant clones. Thus, ed has two distinct functions: an anti-apoptotic function by maintaining Diap1 levels, and a function to arrest growth at the appropriate final size. Both of these are unlikely to be explained by a simple effect on the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Spitzer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720-3200
| | - William Y. Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720-3200
| | - Anthony Rodríguez-Vargas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720-3200
| | - Iswar K. Hariharan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 515 Weill Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720-3200
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15
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Fulford AD, Enderle L, Rusch J, Hodzic D, Holder MV, Earl A, Oh RH, Tapon N, McNeill H. Expanded directly binds conserved regions of Fat to restrain growth via the Hippo pathway. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204059. [PMID: 37071483 PMCID: PMC10120405 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a conserved and critical regulator of tissue growth. The FERM protein Expanded is a key signaling hub that promotes activation of the Hippo pathway, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie. Previous work identified the polarity determinant Crumbs as a primary regulator of Expanded. Here, we show that the giant cadherin Fat also regulates Expanded directly and independently of Crumbs. We show that direct binding between Expanded and a highly conserved region of the Fat cytoplasmic domain recruits Expanded to the apicolateral junctional zone and stabilizes Expanded. In vivo deletion of Expanded binding regions in Fat causes loss of apical Expanded and promotes tissue overgrowth. Unexpectedly, we find Fat can bind its ligand Dachsous via interactions of their cytoplasmic domains, in addition to the known extracellular interactions. Importantly, Expanded is stabilized by Fat independently of Dachsous binding. These data provide new mechanistic insights into how Fat regulates Expanded, and how Hippo signaling is regulated during organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Fulford
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Leonie Enderle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jannette Rusch
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxine V. Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alex Earl
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Robin Hyunseo Oh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Bu T, Li X, Wang L, Wu X, Gao S, Yun D, Li L, Sun F, Cheng CY. Regulation of sertoli cell function by planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Fjx1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 571:111936. [PMID: 37119967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Four-jointed box kinase 1 (Fjx1) is a planar cell protein (PCP) and a member of the Fat (FAT atypical cadherin 1)/Dchs (Dachsous cadherin-related protein)/Fjx1 PCP complex. Fjx1 is also a non-receptor Ser/Thr protein kinase capable of phosphorylating Fat1 at is extracellular cadherin domains when it is transport across the Golgi system. As such, Fjx1 is a Golgi-based regulator of Fat1 function by determining its extracellular deposition. Herein, Fjx1 was found to localize across the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, partially co-localized with the microtubules (MTs) across the seminiferous epithelium. It was most notable at the apical ES (ectoplasmic specialization) and basal ES, displaying distinctive stage-specific expression. The apical ES and basal ES are the corresponding testis-specific cell adhesion ultrastructures at the Sertoli-elongated spermatid and Sertoli cell-cell interface, respectively, consistent with the role of Fjx1 as a Golgi-associated Ser/Thr kinase that modulates the Fat (and/or Dchs) integral membrane proteins. Its knockdown (KD) by RNAi using specific Fjx1 siRNA duplexes versus non-targeting negative control siRNA duplexes was found to perturb the Sertoli cell tight junction function, as well as perturbing the function and organization of MT and actin. While Fjx1 KD did not affect the steady-state levels of almost two dozens of BTB-associated Sertoli cell proteins, including structural and regulatory proteins, its KD was found to down-regulate Fat1 (but not Fat2, 3, and 4) and to up-regulate Dchs1 (but not Dchs2) expression. Based on results of biochemical analysis, Fjx1 KD was found to be capable of abolishing phosphorylation of its putative substrate Fat1 at its Ser/Thr sites, but not at its Tyr site, illustrating an intimate functional relationship of Fjx1 and Fat1 in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiao Bu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Damin Yun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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17
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Liu XZ, Guo H, Long GJ, Ma YF, Gong LL, Zhang MQ, Hull JJ, Dewer Y, Liu LW, He M, He P. Functional characterization of five developmental signaling network genes in the white-backed planthopper: Potential application for pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36942746 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) is a major rice pest that exhibits condition dependent wing dimorphisms - a macropterous (long wing) form and a brachypterous (short wing) form. Although, the gene cascade that regulates wing development and dimorphic differentiation has been largely defined, the utility of these genes as targets for pest control has yet to be fully explored. RESULTS Five genes typically associated with the developmental signaling network, armadillo (arm), apterous A (apA), scalloped (sd), dachs (d), and yorkie (yki) were identified from the WBPH genome and their roles in wing development assessed following RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown. At 5 days-post injection, transcript levels for all five targets were substantially decreased compared with the dsGFP control group. Among the treatment groups, those injected with dsSfarm had the most pronounced effects on transcript reduction, mortality (95 ± 3%), and incidence (45 ± 3%) of wing deformities, whereas those injected with dsSfyki had the lowest incidence (6.7 ± 4%). To assess the utility of topical RNAi for Sfarm, we used a spray-based approach that complexed a large-scale, bacteria-based double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) expression pipeline with star polycation (SPc) nanoparticles. Rice seedlings infested with third and fourth instar nymphs were sprayed with SPc-dsRNA formulations and RNAi phenotypic effects were assessed over time. At 2 days post-spray, Sfarm transcript levels decreased by 86 ± 9.5% compared with dsGFP groups, and the subsequent incidences of mortality and wing defects were elevated in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized five genes in the WBPH developmental signaling cascade, assessed their impact on survival and wing development via RNAi, and developed a nanoparticle-dsRNA spray approach for potential field control of WBPH. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Jun Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang-Lang Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, Arizona, USA
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Structure of the planar cell polarity cadherins Fat4 and Dachsous1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:891. [PMID: 36797229 PMCID: PMC9935876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous are key regulators of cell growth and animal development. In contrast to classical cadherins, which form homophilic interactions to segregate cells, Fat and Dachsous cadherins form heterophilic interactions to induce cell polarity within tissues. Here, we determine the co-crystal structure of the human homologs Fat4 and Dachsous1 (Dchs1) to establish the molecular basis for Fat-Dachsous interactions. The binding domains of Fat4 and Dchs1 form an extended interface along extracellular cadherin (EC) domains 1-4 of each protein. Biophysical measurements indicate that Fat4-Dchs1 affinity is among the highest reported for cadherin superfamily members, which is attributed to an extensive network of salt bridges not present in structurally similar protocadherin homodimers. Furthermore, modeling suggests that unusual extracellular phosphorylation modifications directly modulate Fat-Dachsous binding by introducing charged contacts across the interface. Collectively, our analyses reveal how the molecular architecture of Fat4-Dchs1 enables them to form long-range, high-affinity interactions to maintain planar cell polarity.
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19
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Kumar A, Baker NE. The CRL4 E3 ligase Mahjong/DCAF1 controls cell competition through the transcription factor Xrp1, independently of polarity genes. Development 2022; 149:dev200795. [PMID: 36278853 PMCID: PMC9845748 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell competition, the elimination of cells surrounded by more fit neighbors, is proposed to suppress tumorigenesis. Mahjong (Mahj), a ubiquitin E3 ligase substrate receptor, has been thought to mediate competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl), a neoplastic tumor suppressor that defines apical-basal polarity of epithelial cells. Here, we show that Drosophila cells mutated for mahjong, but not for lgl [l(2)gl], are competed because they express the bZip-domain transcription factor Xrp1, already known to eliminate cells heterozygous for ribosomal protein gene mutations (Rp/+ cells). Xrp1 expression in mahj mutant cells results in activation of JNK signaling, autophagosome accumulation, eIF2α phosphorylation and lower translation, just as in Rp/+ cells. Cells mutated for damage DNA binding-protein 1 (ddb1; pic) or cullin 4 (cul4), which encode E3 ligase partners of Mahj, also display Xrp1-dependent phenotypes, as does knockdown of proteasome subunits. Our data suggest a new model of mahj-mediated cell competition that is independent of apical-basal polarity and couples Xrp1 to protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Wu H, Zhu N, Liu J, Ma J, Jiao R. Shaggy regulates tissue growth through Hippo pathway in Drosophila. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2131-2144. [PMID: 36057002 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis to regulate organ growth and tumorigenesis. Hippo signaling activity is tightly controlled by various upstream signals including growth factors and cell polarity, but the full extent to which the pathway is regulated during development remains to be resolved. Here, we report the identification of Shaggy, the homolog of mammalian Gsk3β, as a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila. Our results show that Shaggy promotes the expression of Hippo target genes in a manner that is dependent on its kinase activity. Loss of Shaggy leads to Yorkie inhibition and downregulation of Hippo pathway target genes. Mechanistically, Shaggy acts upstream of the Hippo pathway and negatively regulates the abundance of the FERM domain containing adaptor protein Expanded. Our results reveal that Shaggy is functionally required for Crumbs/Slmb-mediated downregulation of Expanded in vivo, providing a potential molecular link between cellular architecture and the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Nannan Zhu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Women's Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Renjie Jiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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21
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Seo S, Kim YA, Lee J, Lee S, Kim J, Lee S. Fat3 regulates neural progenitor cells by promoting Yap activity during spinal cord development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14726. [PMID: 36042367 PMCID: PMC9427758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development of the spinal cord requires tight coordination between proliferation of neural progenitors and their differentiation into distinct neuronal cell types to establish intricate neuronal circuits. The Hippo pathway is one of the well-known regulators to control cell proliferation and govern neural progenitor cell number, in which the downstream effector Yes-associated protein (Yap) promotes cell cycle progression. Here we show that an atypical cadherin Fat3, expressed highly in the neural tube, plays a critical role in maintaining proper number of proliferating progenitors. Knockdown of Fat3 in chick neural tube down-regulates expression of the proliferation markers but rather induces the expression of neural markers in the ventricular zone. We further show that deletion of Fat3 gene in mouse neural tube depletes neural progenitors, accompanied by neuronal gene expression in the ventral ventricular zone of the spinal cord. Finally, we found that Fat3 regulates the phosphorylation level of Lats1/2, the upstream kinase of Yap, resulting in dephosphorylation and stabilization of Yap, suggesting Yap as a key downstream effector of Fat3. Our study uncovers another layer of regulatory mechanisms in controlling the activity of Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the size of neural progenitor pools in the developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junekyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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22
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Rauskolb C, Han A, Kirichenko E, Ibar C, Irvine KD. Analysis of the Drosophila Ajuba LIM protein defines functions for distinct LIM domains. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269208. [PMID: 35969522 PMCID: PMC9377591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ajuba LIM protein Jub mediates regulation of Hippo signaling by cytoskeletal tension through interaction with the kinase Warts and participates in feedback regulation of junctional tension through regulation of the cytohesin Steppke. To investigate how Jub interacts with and regulates its distinct partners, we investigated the ability of Jub proteins missing different combinations of its three LIM domains to rescue jub phenotypes and to interact with α-catenin, Warts and Steppke. Multiple regions of Jub contribute to its ability to bind α-catenin and to localize to adherens junctions in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in cultured cells identified a specific requirement for LIM2 for binding to Warts. However, in vivo, both LIM1 and LIM2, but not LIM3, were required for regulation of wing growth, Yorkie activity, and Warts localization. Conversely, LIM2 and LIM3, but not LIM1, were required for regulation of cell shape and Steppke localization in vivo, and for maximal Steppke binding in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. These observations identify distinct functions for the different LIM domains of Jub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Rauskolb
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ahri Han
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Elmira Kirichenko
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Consuelo Ibar
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Irvine
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Pan D. The unfolding of the Hippo signaling pathway. Dev Biol 2022; 487:1-9. [PMID: 35405135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of a functional organ requires not only patterning mechanisms that confer proper identities to individual cells, but also growth-regulatory mechanisms that specify the final size of the organ. At the turn of the 21st century, comprehensive genetic screens in model organisms had successfully uncovered the major signaling pathways that mediate pattern formation in metazoans. In contrast, signaling pathways dedicated to growth control were less explored. The past two decades has witnessed the emergence of the Hippo signaling pathway as a central mediator of organ size control through coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here I reflect on the early discoveries in Drosophila that elucidated the core kinase cascade and transcriptional machinery of the Hippo pathway, highlight its deep evolutionary conservation from humans to unicellular relatives of metazoan, and discuss the complex regulation of Hippo signaling by upstream inputs. This historical perspective underscores the importance of model organisms in uncovering fundamental and universal mechanisms of life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9040, USA.
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24
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Gridnev A, Misra JR. Emerging Mechanisms of Growth and Patterning Regulation by Dachsous and Fat Protocadherins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842593. [PMID: 35372364 PMCID: PMC8967653 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dachsous (Ds) and Fat are evolutionarily conserved cell adhesion molecules that play a critical role in development of multiple organ systems, where they coordinate tissue growth and morphogenesis. Much of our understanding of Ds-Fat signaling pathway comes from studies in Drosophila, where they initiate a signaling pathway that regulate growth by influencing Hippo signaling and morphogenesis by regulating Planar Cell Polarity (PCP). In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which Ds-Fat signaling pathway regulates these critical developmental processes. Further, we discuss the progress in our understanding about how they function in mammals.
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Abstract
The Drosophila wing imaginal disc is a tissue of undifferentiated cells that are precursors of the wing and most of the notum of the adult fly. The wing disc first forms during embryogenesis from a cluster of ∼30 cells located in the second thoracic segment, which invaginate to form a sac-like structure. They undergo extensive proliferation during larval stages to form a mature larval wing disc of ∼35,000 cells. During this time, distinct cell fates are assigned to different regions, and the wing disc develops a complex morphology. Finally, during pupal stages the wing disc undergoes morphogenetic processes and then differentiates to form the adult wing and notum. While the bulk of the wing disc comprises epithelial cells, it also includes neurons and glia, and is associated with tracheal cells and muscle precursor cells. The relative simplicity and accessibility of the wing disc, combined with the wealth of genetic tools available in Drosophila, have combined to make it a premier system for identifying genes and deciphering systems that play crucial roles in animal development. Studies in wing imaginal discs have made key contributions to many areas of biology, including tissue patterning, signal transduction, growth control, regeneration, planar cell polarity, morphogenesis, and tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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26
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Aburegeba Z, Pan J, Hutter H. Mutations in the Spliceosome Component prp-6 and Overexpression of cdh-5 Suppress Axon Guidance Defects of cdh-4 Mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurosci Insights 2022; 17:26331055221123346. [PMID: 36090596 PMCID: PMC9452795 DOI: 10.1177/26331055221123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During nervous system development, axons must navigate to specific target areas. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the cadherin CDH-4 is required for ventral nerve cord axonal navigation, and dorsal nerve cord fasciculation. How CDH-4 mediates axon navigation and fasciculation is currently unknown. To identify genes acting together with cdh-4, we isolated mutants suppressing the axon guidance defects of cdh-4 mutants. These suppressors showed partial suppression of axonal defects in the dorsal and ventral nerve cords seen in cdh-4 mutants. We identified one suppressor gene, prp-6, which encodes a component of the spliceosome. Complete loss-of-function alleles of prp-6 are lethal, suggesting that the mutation isolated in our suppressor screen is a partial loss-of-function allele. A previous study found that RNAi-induced suppression of prp-6 leads to changes in the expression of several 100 genes including the cadherin cdh-5. We found that overexpression of cdh-5 mimics the suppression seen in prp-6 mutants, suggesting that CDH-5 can partially compensate for the loss of CDH-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Aburegeba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Harald Hutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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27
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Ding Y, Wang G, Zhan M, Sun X, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Liu B, Liu Q, Wu S, Zhou Z. Hippo signaling suppresses tumor cell metastasis via a Yki-Src42A positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1126. [PMID: 34862372 PMCID: PMC8642408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is an important cause of death from malignant tumors. It is of great significance to explore the molecular mechanism of metastasis for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we find that the Hippo pathway hampers tumor cell metastasis in vivo. Silence of hpo or its downstream wts promotes tumor cell migration in a Yki-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identify that inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes tumor cell migration through transcriptional activating src42A, a Drosophila homolog of the SRC oncogene. Yki activates src42A transcription through direct binding its intron region. Intriguingly, Src42A further increases Yki transcriptional activity to form a positive feedback loop. Finally, we show that SRC is also a target of YAP and important for YAP to promote the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Together, our findings uncover a conserved Yki/YAP-Src42A/SRC positive feedback loop promoting tumor cell migration and provide SRC as a potential therapeutic target for YAP-driven metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- grid.452930.90000 0004 1757 8087Center of Intervention radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, 519000 Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Yanran Deng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
| | - Shian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, China.
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Wang N, Yang Q, Wang J, Shi R, Li M, Gao J, Xu W, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen S. Integration of Transcriptome and Methylome Highlights the Roles of Cell Cycle and Hippo Signaling Pathway in Flatfish Sexual Size Dimorphism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743722. [PMID: 34926443 PMCID: PMC8675331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is the difference in segments or body size between sexes prevalent in various species. Understanding the genetic architecture of SSD has remained a significant challenge owing to the complexity of growth mechanisms and the sexual influences among species. The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), which exhibits a female-biased SSD and sex reversal from female to pseudomale, is an ideal model for exploring SSD mechanism at the molecular level. The present study aimed to integrate transcriptome and methylome analysis to unravel the genetic and epigenetic changes in female, male, and pseudomale C. semilaevis. The somatotropic and reproductive tissues (brain, liver, gonad, and muscle) transcriptomes were characterized by RNA-seq technology. Transcriptomic analysis unravelled numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell growth and death-related pathways. The gonad and muscle methylomes were further employed for screening differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Relatively higher DNA methylation levels were observed in the male and pseudomale individuals. In detail, hypermethylation of the chromosome W was pronounced in the pseudomale group than in the female group. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that turquoise and brown modules positively and negatively correlated with the female-biased SSD, respectively. A combined analysis of the module genes and DMGs revealed the female-biased mRNA transcripts and hypomethylated levels in the upstream and downstream regions across the cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, the male and pseudomale-biased gene expression in the hippo signaling pathway were positively correlated with their hypermethylation levels in the gene body. These findings implied that the activation of the cell cycle and the inhibition of the hippo signaling pathway were implicated in C. semilaevis female-biased SSD. In addition, the dynamic expression pattern of the epigenetic regulatory factors, including dnmt1, dnmt3a, dnmt3b, and uhrf1, among the different sexes correspond with their distinct DNA methylation levels. Herein, we provide valuable clues for understanding female-biased SSD in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
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29
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Sang Q, Wang G, Morton DB, Wu H, Xie B. The ZO-1 protein Polychaetoid as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009894. [PMID: 34748546 PMCID: PMC8610254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of a diversity of photoreceptor (PR) subtypes with different spectral sensitivities is essential for color vision in animals. In the Drosophila eye, the Hippo pathway has been implicated in blue- and green-sensitive PR subtype fate specification. Specifically, Hippo pathway activation promotes green-sensitive PR fate at the expense of blue-sensitive PRs. Here, using a sensitized triple heterozygote-based genetic screening approach, we report the identification of the single Drosophila zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein Polychaetoid (Pyd) as a new regulator of the Hippo pathway during the blue- and green-sensitive PR subtype binary fate choice. We demonstrate that Pyd acts upstream of the core components and the upstream regulator Pez in the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, We found that Pyd represses the activity of Su(dx), a E3 ligase that negatively regulates Pez and can physically interact with Pyd, during PR subtype fate specification. Together, our results identify a new mechanism underlying the Hippo signaling pathway in post-mitotic neuronal fate specification. The Hippo signaling pathway was originally discovered for its critical role in tissue growth and organ size control. Its evolutionarily conserved roles in various biological processes, including cell differentiation, stem cell regeneration and homeostasis, innate immune biology, as well as tumorigenesis, have been subsequently found in other species. During the development of the Drosophila eye, the Hippo pathway promotes green- and represses blue-sensitive photoreceptor (PR) subtype fate specification. Taking advantage of this binary PR fate choice, we screened Drosophila chromosomal deficiency lines to seek new regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway. We identified the Drosophila membrane-associated ZO-1 protein Pyd as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway to specify PR subtypes. Our results have demonstrated that Pyd represses Su(dx)’s activity in the Hippo pathway to specify PR subtypes. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism underlying the Hippo signaling pathway in post-mitotic neuronal fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Sang
- Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gang Wang
- Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David B. Morton
- Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hui Wu
- Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Baotong Xie
- Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Liu Y, Raimondo M, Wallace MB, Mody K, Stauffer JA, Zhang L, Ji B, Bi Y. Exome Sequencing of Pancreatic Acinar Carcinoma Identified Distinctive Mutation Patterns. Pancreas 2021; 50:1007-1013. [PMID: 34629449 PMCID: PMC8516064 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pancreatic cancer. The advancement of treatment is hampered because of the limited knowledge of its molecular mechanism. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from 11 pure ACC surgical samples. Potential germline variants were removed on the basis of polymorphic databases, alternative allele frequency, coverage depth, and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) annotations after variant calling procedure. Mutation profiles and signatures were assessed through the Mutational Patterns package. RESULTS A median of 34 somatic mutations were detected (range, 19-60). Three novel recurrent small deletions were identified. Common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mutations or neuroendocrine tumor mutants were not found. FAT atypical cadherin 4, mucin 5B, titin, and zinc finger homeobox 3 were consistently mutated across 4 independent ACC studies. A high contribution of COSMIC mutational signature 1 was seen in ACC, indicating deamination of 5-methylcytosine. The majority of the patients had COSMIC signatures 6, 15, or 20, relating to defective DNA mismatch repair. Six patients showed COSMIC mutational signature 10 because of the altered activity of DNA polymerase epsilon. CONCLUSIONS Distinct mutational signatures pathways were found in ACC and targeting them may improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Liu
- From the Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | | | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Yan Bi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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31
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Zhou L, Yang Y, Liu M, Gan Y, Liu R, Ren M, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Identification of the RP11-21C4.1/SVEP1 gene pair associated with FAT2 mutations as a potential biomarker in gastric cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4361-4373. [PMID: 34308747 PMCID: PMC8806586 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1953211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite rapid advances in systemic therapy, GC remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. We aimed to identify a novel prognostic signature associated with FAT2 mutations in GC. We analyzed the expression levels of FAT2-mutant and FAT2-wildtype GC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that patients with FAT2 mutations showed better prognosis than those without the mutation. Sixteen long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 62 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) associated with FAT2 mutations were correlated with the prognosis of GC. We then constructed a 4-mRNA signature and a 5-lncRNA signature for GC. Finally, we identified the most relevant RP11-21 C4.1/SVEP1 gene pair as a prognostic signature of GC that exhibited superior predictive performance in comparison with the 4-mRNA or 5-lncRNA signature by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In this study, we constructed a prognostic signature of GC by integrative genomics analysis, which also provided insights into the molecular mechanisms linked to FAT2 mutations in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics Ward 2, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuling Gan
- Department 1nd Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Ward 2, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- Department of Geriatrics Ward 2, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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32
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Pojer JM, Saiful Hilmi AJ, Kondo S, Harvey KF. Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton regulate R8 cell fate in the Drosophila eye. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009146. [PMID: 34097697 PMCID: PMC8211197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fate. In the R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, the Hippo pathway controls the fate choice between one of two subtypes that express either the blue light-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Hippo inactive R8 subtype) or the green light-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Hippo active R8 subtype). The degree to which the mechanism of Hippo signal transduction and the proteins that mediate it are conserved in organ growth and R8 cell fate choice is currently unclear. Here, we identify Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton as regulators of R8 cell fate. By contrast, other proteins that influence Hippo-dependent organ growth, such as the basolateral spectrin cytoskeleton and Ajuba, are dispensable for the R8 cell fate choice. Surprisingly, Crumbs promotes the Rhodopsin 5 cell fate, which is driven by Yorkie, rather than the Rhodopsin 6 cell fate, which is driven by Warts and the Hippo pathway, which contrasts with its impact on Hippo activity in organ growth. Furthermore, neither the apical spectrin cytoskeleton nor Crumbs appear to regulate the Hippo pathway through mechanisms that have been observed in growing organs. Together, these results show that only a subset of Hippo pathway proteins regulate the R8 binary cell fate decision and that aspects of Hippo signalling differ between growing organs and post-mitotic R8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pojer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar Saiful Hilmi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kieran F. Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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33
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Wang X, Liang H, Xu W, Ma X. Wallenda-Nmo Axis Regulates Growth via Hippo Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658288. [PMID: 33937258 PMCID: PMC8085559 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Hippo signaling pathways and cell polarity regulation are critical for cell proliferation and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, despite the well-established connections between cell polarity disruption and Hippo inactivation, the molecular mechanism by which aberrant cell polarity induces Hippo-mediated overgrowth remains underexplored. Here we use Drosophila wing discs as a model and identify the Wnd-Nmo axis as an important molecular link that bridges loss-of-cell polarity-triggered Hippo inactivation and overgrowth. We show that Wallenda (Wnd), a MAPKKK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) family member, is a novel regulator of Hippo pathways in Drosophila and that overexpression of Wnd promotes growth via Nemo (Nmo)- mediated Hippo pathway inactivation. We further demonstrate that both Wnd and Nmo are required for loss-of-cell polarity-induced overgrowth and Hippo inactivation. In summary, our findings provide a novel insight on how cell polarity loss contributes to overgrowth and uncover the Wnd-Nmo axis as an essential additional branch that regulates Hippo pathways in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Kong D, Lu JY, Li X, Zhao S, Xu W, Fang J, Wang X, Ma X. Misshapen Disruption Cooperates with RasV12 to Drive Tumorigenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040894. [PMID: 33919765 PMCID: PMC8070713 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although RAS family genes play essential roles in tumorigenesis, effective treatments targeting RAS-related tumors are lacking, partly because of an incomplete understanding of the complex signaling crosstalk within RAS-related tumors. Here, we performed a large-scale genetic screen in Drosophila eye imaginal discs and identified Misshapen (Msn) as a tumor suppressor that synergizes with oncogenic Ras (RasV12) to induce c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and Hippo inactivation, then subsequently leads to tumor overgrowth and invasion. Moreover, ectopic Msn expression activates Hippo signaling pathway and suppresses Hippo signaling disruption-induced overgrowth. Importantly, we further found that Msn acts downstream of protocadherin Fat (Ft) to regulate Hippo signaling. Finally, we identified msn as a Yki/Sd target gene that regulates Hippo pathway in a negative feedback manner. Together, our findings identified Msn as a tumor suppressor and provide a novel insight into RAS-related tumorigenesis that may be relevant to human cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Kong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jin-Yu Lu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jinan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xianjue Ma
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; (S.Z.); (J.F.)
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (X.M.)
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35
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Zecca M, Struhl G. A unified mechanism for the control of Drosophila wing growth by the morphogens Decapentaplegic and Wingless. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001111. [PMID: 33657096 PMCID: PMC8148325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the Drosophila wing-a paradigm of organ development-is governed by 2 morphogens, Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP) and Wingless (Wg, a Wnt). Both proteins are produced by defined subpopulations of cells and spread outwards, forming gradients that control gene expression and cell pattern as a function of concentration. They also control growth, but how is unknown. Most studies have focused on Dpp and yielded disparate models in which cells throughout the wing grow at similar rates in response to the grade or temporal change in Dpp concentration or to the different amounts of Dpp "equalized" by molecular or mechanical feedbacks. In contrast, a model for Wg posits that growth is governed by a progressive expansion in morphogen range, via a mechanism in which a minimum threshold of Wg sustains the growth of cells within the wing and recruits surrounding "pre-wing" cells to grow and enter the wing. This mechanism depends on the capacity of Wg to fuel the autoregulation of vestigial (vg)-the selector gene that specifies the wing state-both to sustain vg expression in wing cells and by a feed-forward (FF) circuit of Fat (Ft)/Dachsous (Ds) protocadherin signaling to induce vg expression in neighboring pre-wing cells. Here, we have subjected Dpp to the same experimental tests used to elucidate the Wg model and find that it behaves indistinguishably. Hence, we posit that both morphogens act together, via a common mechanism, to control wing growth as a function of morphogen range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Zecca
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary Struhl
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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36
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Strutt H, Strutt D. How do the Fat-Dachsous and core planar polarity pathways act together and independently to coordinate polarized cell behaviours? Open Biol 2021; 11:200356. [PMID: 33561385 PMCID: PMC8061702 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar polarity describes the coordinated polarization of cells within the plane of a tissue. This is controlled by two main pathways in Drosophila: the Frizzled-dependent core planar polarity pathway and the Fat–Dachsous pathway. Components of both of these pathways become asymmetrically localized within cells in response to long-range upstream cues, and form intercellular complexes that link polarity between neighbouring cells. This review examines if and when the two pathways are coupled, focusing on the Drosophila wing, eye and abdomen. There is strong evidence that the pathways are molecularly coupled in tissues that express a specific isoform of the core protein Prickle, namely Spiny-legs. However, in other contexts, the linkages between the pathways are indirect. We discuss how the two pathways act together and independently to mediate a diverse range of effects on polarization of cell structures and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Strutt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Strutt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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37
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Tokamov SA, Su T, Ullyot A, Fehon RG. Negative feedback couples Hippo pathway activation with Kibra degradation independent of Yorkie-mediated transcription. eLife 2021; 10:62326. [PMID: 33555257 PMCID: PMC7895526 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo (Hpo) pathway regulates tissue growth in many animals. Multiple upstream components promote Hpo pathway activity, but the organization of these different inputs, the degree of crosstalk between them, and whether they are regulated in a distinct manner is not well understood. Kibra (Kib) activates the Hpo pathway by recruiting the core Hpo kinase cassette to the apical cortex. Here, we show that the Hpo pathway downregulates Drosophila Kib levels independently of Yorkie-mediated transcription. We find that Hpo signaling complex formation promotes Kib degradation via SCFSlimb-mediated ubiquitination, that this effect requires Merlin, Salvador, Hpo, and Warts, and that this mechanism functions independently of other upstream Hpo pathway activators. Moreover, Kib degradation appears patterned by differences in mechanical tension across the wing. We propose that Kib degradation mediated by Hpo pathway components and regulated by cytoskeletal tension serves to control Kib-driven Hpo pathway activation and ensure optimally scaled and patterned tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherzod A Tokamov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Anne Ullyot
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Richard G Fehon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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38
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Nishiyama T, Fujioka M, Saegusa C, Oishi N, Harada T, Hosoya M, Saya H, Ogawa K. Deficiency of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 causes congenital hearing loss associated with cochlear abnormalities in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:921-926. [PMID: 33162027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian auditory hair cells are not spontaneously replaced. Their number and coordinated polarization are fairly well-maintained and both these factors might be essential for the cochlear amplifier. Cell cycle regulation has critical roles in regulating appropriate cell size and cell number. However, little is known about the physiological roles of the Hippo pathway, which is one of the most important signaling cascades that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and regenerative capacity in the cochlear sensory epithelium. Herein, we investigated the in vivo role of the large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), an essential kinase in the Hippo/yes-associated protein pathway, in the cochlea using the LATS1 knockout mice. LATS1 was expressed in hair cells and supporting cells. It was strongly expressed on the surface of the cuticular plate of the organ of Corti. We found that LATS1 knockout caused congenital hearing loss due to the irregular orientation and slightly reduced number of hair cells, whereas the number of supporting cells remained unchanged. On the surface of the hair cells, the kinocilium and stereocilia were dispersed during and after morphogenesis. However, the expression of the receptor-independent polarity regulators, such as Par3 or Gαi, was not affected. We concluded that LATS1 has an indispensable role in the maturation of mammalian auditory hair cells, but not in the development of the supporting cells, and thus, has a role in the hearing acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Chika Saegusa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Department of Otolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare, 13-1 Higashi-kaigancho, Atami city, Shizuoka, 413-0012, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Genes Regulation Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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39
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Ahmad V, Vadla GP, Chabu CY. Syd/JIP3 controls tissue size by regulating Diap1 protein turnover downstream of Yorkie/YAP. Dev Biol 2021; 469:37-45. [PMID: 33022230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
How organisms control organ size is not fully understood. We found that Syd/JIP3 is required for proper wing size in Drosophila. JIP3 mutations are associated with organ size defects in mammals. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We discovered that Syd/JIP3 inhibition results in a downregulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (Diap1) in the Drosophila wing. Correspondingly, Syd/JIP3 deficient tissues exhibit ectopic cell death and yield smaller wings. Syd/JIP3 inhibition generated similar effects in mammalian cells, indicating a conserved mechanism. We found that Yorkie/YAP stimulates Syd/JIP3 in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Notably, Syd/JIP3 is required for the full effect of Yorkie-mediated tissue growth. Thus Syd/JIP3 regulation of Diap1 functions downstream of Yorkie/YAP to control growth. This study provides mechanistic insights into the recent and perplexing link between JIP3 mutations and organ size defects in mammals, including in humans where de novo JIP3 variants are associated with microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakil Ahmad
- University of Missouri, Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gangadhar P Vadla
- University of Missouri, Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Chiswili Yves Chabu
- University of Missouri, Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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40
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Pham TH, Hagenbeek TJ, Lee HJ, Li J, Rose CM, Lin E, Yu M, Martin SE, Piskol R, Lacap JA, Sampath D, Pham VC, Modrusan Z, Lill JR, Klijn C, Malek S, Chang MT, Dey A. Machine-Learning and Chemicogenomics Approach Defines and Predicts Cross-Talk of Hippo and MAPK Pathways. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:778-793. [PMID: 33208393 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hippo pathway dysregulation occurs in multiple cancers through genetic and nongenetic alterations, resulting in translocation of YAP to the nucleus and activation of the TEAD family of transcription factors. Unlike other oncogenic pathways such as RAS, defining tumors that are Hippo pathway-dependent is far more complex due to the lack of hotspot genetic alterations. Here, we developed a machine-learning framework to identify a robust, cancer type-agnostic gene expression signature to quantitate Hippo pathway activity and cross-talk as well as predict YAP/TEAD dependency across cancers. Further, through chemical genetic interaction screens and multiomics analyses, we discover a direct interaction between MAPK signaling and TEAD stability such that knockdown of YAP combined with MEK inhibition results in robust inhibition of tumor cell growth in Hippo dysregulated tumors. This multifaceted approach underscores how computational models combined with experimental studies can inform precision medicine approaches including predictive diagnostics and combination strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: An integrated chemicogenomics strategy was developed to identify a lineage-independent signature for the Hippo pathway in cancers. Evaluating transcriptional profiles using a machine-learning method led to identification of a relationship between YAP/TAZ dependency and MAPK pathway activity. The results help to nominate potential combination therapies with Hippo pathway inhibition.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H Pham
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thijs J Hagenbeek
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ho-June Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mamie Yu
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Scott E Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Piskol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer A Lacap
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christiaan Klijn
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shiva Malek
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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41
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ growth and tumorigenesis. In Drosophila, oncogenic RasV12 cooperates with loss-of-cell polarity to promote Hippo pathway-dependent tumor growth. To identify additional factors that modulate this signaling, we performed a genetic screen utilizing the Drosophila Ras V12 /lgl -/- in vivo tumor model and identified Rox8, a RNA-binding protein (RBP), as a positive regulator of the Hippo pathway. We found that Rox8 overexpression suppresses whereas Rox8 depletion potentiates Hippo-dependent tissue overgrowth, accompanied by altered Yki protein level and target gene expression. Mechanistically, Rox8 directly binds to a target site located in the yki 3' UTR, recruits and stabilizes the targeting of miR-8-loaded RISC, which accelerates the decay of yki messenger RNA (mRNA). Moreover, TIAR, the human ortholog of Rox8, is able to promote the degradation of yki mRNA when introduced into Drosophila and destabilizes YAP mRNA in human cells. Thus, our study provides in vivo evidence that the Hippo pathway is posttranscriptionally regulated by the collaborative action of RBP and microRNA (miRNA), which may provide an approach for modulating Hippo pathway-mediated tumorigenesis.
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42
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Texada MJ, Koyama T, Rewitz K. Regulation of Body Size and Growth Control. Genetics 2020; 216:269-313. [PMID: 33023929 PMCID: PMC7536854 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of body and organ growth is essential for the development of adults with proper size and proportions, which is important for survival and reproduction. In animals, adult body size is determined by the rate and duration of juvenile growth, which are influenced by the environment. In nutrient-scarce environments in which more time is needed for growth, the juvenile growth period can be extended by delaying maturation, whereas juvenile development is rapidly completed in nutrient-rich conditions. This flexibility requires the integration of environmental cues with developmental signals that govern internal checkpoints to ensure that maturation does not begin until sufficient tissue growth has occurred to reach a proper adult size. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway is the primary cell-autonomous nutrient sensor, while circulating hormones such as steroids and insulin-like growth factors are the main systemic regulators of growth and maturation in animals. We discuss recent findings in Drosophila melanogaster showing that cell-autonomous environment and growth-sensing mechanisms, involving TOR and other growth-regulatory pathways, that converge on insulin and steroid relay centers are responsible for adjusting systemic growth, and development, in response to external and internal conditions. In addition to this, proper organ growth is also monitored and coordinated with whole-body growth and the timing of maturation through modulation of steroid signaling. This coordination involves interorgan communication mediated by Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8 in response to tissue growth status. Together, these multiple nutritional and developmental cues feed into neuroendocrine hubs controlling insulin and steroid signaling, serving as checkpoints at which developmental progression toward maturation can be delayed. This review focuses on these mechanisms by which external and internal conditions can modulate developmental growth and ensure proper adult body size, and highlights the conserved architecture of this system, which has made Drosophila a prime model for understanding the coordination of growth and maturation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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43
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Strutt H, Strutt D. DAnkrd49 and Bdbt act via Casein kinase Iε to regulate planar polarity in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008820. [PMID: 32750048 PMCID: PMC7402468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The core planar polarity proteins are essential mediators of tissue morphogenesis, controlling both the polarised production of cellular structures and polarised tissue movements. During development the core proteins promote planar polarisation by becoming asymmetrically localised to opposite cell edges within epithelial tissues, forming intercellular protein complexes that coordinate polarity between adjacent cells. Here we describe a novel protein complex that regulates the asymmetric localisation of the core proteins in the Drosophila pupal wing. DAnkrd49 (an ankyrin repeat protein) and Bride of Doubletime (Bdbt, a non-canonical FK506 binding protein family member) physically interact, and regulate each other’s levels in vivo. Loss of either protein results in a reduction in core protein asymmetry and disruption of the placement of trichomes at the distal edge of pupal wing cells. Post-translational modifications are thought to be important for the regulation of core protein behaviour and their sorting to opposite cell edges. Consistent with this, we find that loss of DAnkrd49 or Bdbt leads to reduced phosphorylation of the core protein Dishevelled and to decreased Dishevelled levels both at cell junctions and in the cytoplasm. Bdbt has previously been shown to regulate activity of the kinase Discs Overgrown (Dco, also known as Doubletime or Casein Kinase Iε), and Dco itself has been implicated in regulating planar polarity by phosphorylating Dsh as well as the core protein Strabismus. We demonstrate that DAnkrd49 and Bdbt act as dominant suppressors of Dco activity. These findings support a model whereby Bdbt and DAnkrd49 act together to modulate the activity of Dco during planar polarity establishment. In many animal tissues, sheets of cells are polarised in the plane of the tissue, which is evident by the production of polarised structures, such as hairs on the fly wing that point in the same direction or cilia that beat in the same direction. One group of proteins controlling this coordinated polarity are the core planar polarity proteins, which localise asymmetrically within cells such that some core proteins localise to one cell end and others to the opposite cell end. It is thought that modifications such as phosphorylation may locally regulate core protein stability, and this promotes sorting of proteins to different cell ends. We identify two proteins, DAnkrd49 and Bdbt, that form a complex and regulate core protein asymmetry. Loss of either protein causes a reduction in overall levels of the core protein Dishevelled (Dsh), and a reduction in its phosphorylation. We provide evidence that the effect on core protein asymmetry is mediated via regulation of the kinase activity of Discs overgrown (Dco, also known as Doubletime/Casein Kinase Iε) by DAnkrd49 and Bdbt. We propose that modulation of Dco activity by DAnkrd49 and Bdbt is a key step in the sorting of core proteins to opposite cell ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Strutt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HS); (DS)
| | - David Strutt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HS); (DS)
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44
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The Hippo Pathway as a Driver of Select Human Cancers. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:781-796. [PMID: 32446746 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway regulates myriad biological processes in diverse species and is a key cancer signaling network in humans. Although Hippo has been linked to multiple aspects of cancer, its role in this disease is incompletely understood. Large-scale pan-cancer analyses of core Hippo pathway genes reveal that the pathway is mutated at a high frequency only in select human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma and meningioma. Hippo pathway deregulation is also enriched in squamous epithelial cancers. We discuss cancer-related functions of the Hippo pathway and potential explanations for the cancer-restricted mutation profile of core Hippo pathway genes. Greater understanding of Hippo pathway deregulation in cancers will be essential to guide the imminent use of Hippo-targeted therapies.
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Moloudizargari M, Asghari MH, Nabavi SF, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Bishayee A, Nabavi SM. Targeting Hippo signaling pathway by phytochemicals in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:183-194. [PMID: 32428716 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current era of cancer research has been continuously advancing upon identifying novel aspects of tumorigenesis and the principal mechanisms behind the unleashed proliferation, invasion, drug resistance and immortality of cancer cells in hopes of exploiting these findings to achieve a more effective treatment for cancer. In pursuit of this goal, the identification of the first components of an extremely important regulatory pathway in Drosophila melanogaster that largely determines cell fate during the developmental stages, ended up in the discovery of the highly sophisticated Hippo signaling cascade. Soon after, it was revealed that deregulation of the components of this pathway either via mutations or through epigenetic alterations can be observed in a vast variety of tumors and these alterations greatly contribute to the neoplastic transformation of cells, their survival, growth and resistance to therapy. As more hidden aspects of this pathway such as its widespread entanglement with other major cellular signaling pathways are continuously being uncovered, many researchers have sought over the past decade to find ways of therapeutic interventions targeting the major components of the Hippo cascade. To date, various approaches such as the use of exogenous targeting miRNAs and different molecular inhibitors have been recruited herein, among which naturally occurring compounds have shown a great promise. On such a basis, in the present work we review the current understanding of Hippo pathway and the most recent evidence on targeting its components using natural plant-derived phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran.
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Zhu L, Huang S, Li J, Chen J, Yao Y, Li L, Guo H, Xiang X, Deng J, Xiong J. Sophoridine inhibits lung cancer cell growth and enhances cisplatin sensitivity through activation of the p53 and Hippo signaling pathways. Gene 2020; 742:144556. [PMID: 32165304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sophoridine, a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora alopecuroides L., has been reported to exert antitumor effects against multiple human cancers. However, few studies have evaluated its tumor-suppressing effects and associated mechanism with respect to lung cancer, in addition to its potential to be used for clinical lung cancer treatment. METHODS Different types of lung cancer cells were used to investigate the antitumor effects of sophoridine using cell viability, colony formation, and cell invasion, and migration assays. To determine the signaling pathways involved, western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, an in vivo ubiquitination assay, and immunohistochemistry were used in cellular assays and with a subcutaneous xenograft model in BALB/c mice. RESULTS Sophoridine significantly suppressed the proliferation of and colony formation by lung cancer cells in vitro. Transwell assays demonstrated that sophoridine also inhibited invasion and migration in lung cancer cells. In addition, sophoridine enhanced the effects of cisplatin on lung cancer cells. A mechanistic study revealed that sophoridine significantly activated the Hippo and p53 signaling pathways, and mouse xenograft experiments further confirmed in vitro findings in lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that sophoridine can inhibit lung cancer progression and enhance the effects of the anticancer drug cisplatin against lung cancer cells. The mechanism of action of sophoridine might involve the Hippo and p53 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China; Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China.
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China.
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Yu Y, Liu X, Ma X, Zhang Z, Wang T, Sun F, Hou C, Li M. A palmitoyltransferase Approximated gene Bm-app regulates wing development in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:2-13. [PMID: 29943911 PMCID: PMC7379679 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an important lepidopteran model insect in which many kinds of natural mutants have been identified. However, molecular mechanisms of most of these mutants remain to be explored. Here we report the identification of a gene Bm-app is responsible for the silkworm minute wing (mw) mutation which exhibits exceedingly small wings during pupal and adult stages. Compared with the wild type silkworm, relative messenger RNA expression of Bm-app is significantly decreased in the u11 mutant strain which shows mw phenotype. A 10 bp insertion in the putative promoter region of the Bm-app gene in mw mutant strain was identified and the dual luciferase assay revealed that this insertion decreased Bm-app promoter activity. Furthermore, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases-mediated depletion of the Bm-app induced similar wing defects which appeared in the mw mutant, demonstrating that Bm-app controls wing development in B. mori. Bm-app encodes a palmitoyltransferase and is responsible for the palmitoylation of selected cytoplasmic proteins, indicating that it is required for cell mitosis and growth during wing development. We also discuss the possibility that Bm-app regulates wing development through the Hippo signaling pathway in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Xiao‐Jing Liu
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Zhong‐Jie Zhang
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Tai‐Chu Wang
- Sericultural Research InstituteAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Fan Sun
- Sericultural Research InstituteAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Cheng‐Xiang Hou
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
- Sericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Mu‐Wang Li
- School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina
- Sericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangJiangsuChina
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48
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Fat/Dachsous family cadherins in cell and tissue organisation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 62:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Hao X, Wang S, Lu Y, Yu W, Li P, Jiang D, Guo T, Li M, Li J, Xu J, Wu W, Ho MS, Zhang L. Lola regulates Drosophila adult midgut homeostasis via non-canonical hippo signaling. eLife 2020; 9:47542. [PMID: 31934851 PMCID: PMC7299341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the Drosophila midgut is regulated by a diverse array of signaling pathways including the Hippo pathway. Hippo signaling restricts intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation by sequestering the transcription co-factor Yorkie (Yki) in the cytoplasm, a factor required for rapid ISC proliferation under injury-induced regeneration. Nonetheless, the mechanism of Hippo-mediated midgut homeostasis and whether canonical Hippo signaling is involved in ISC basal proliferation are less characterized. Here we identify Lola as a transcription factor acting downstream of Hippo signaling to restrict ISC proliferation in a Yki-independent manner. Not only that Lola interacts with and is stabilized by the Hippo signaling core kinase Warts (Wts), Lola rescues the enhanced ISC proliferation upon Wts depletion via suppressing Dref and SkpA expressions. Our findings reveal that Lola is a non-canonical Hippo signaling component in regulating midgut homeostasis, providing insights on the mechanism of tissue maintenance and intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Margaret S Ho
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Gou J, Stotsky JA, Othmer HG. Growth control in the Drosophila wing disk. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1478. [PMID: 31917525 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of size and shape is a fundamental requirement of biological development and has been a subject of scientific study for centuries, but we still lack an understanding of how organisms know when to stop growing. Imaginal wing disks of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which are precursors of the adult wings, are an archetypal tissue for studying growth control. The growth of the disks is dependent on many inter- and intra-organ factors such as morphogens, mechanical forces, nutrient levels, and hormones that influence gene expression and cell growth. Extracellular signals are transduced into gene-control signals via complex signal transduction networks, and since cells typically receive many different signals, a mechanism for integrating the signals is needed. Our understanding of the effect of morphogens on tissue-level growth regulation via individual pathways has increased significantly in the last half century, but our understanding of how multiple biochemical and mechanical signals are integrated to determine whether or not a cell decides to divide is still rudimentary. Numerous fundamental questions are involved in understanding the decision-making process, and here we review the major biochemical and mechanical pathways involved in disk development with a view toward providing a basis for beginning to understand how multiple signals can be integrated at the cell level, and how this translates into growth control at the level of the imaginal disk. This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gou
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jay A Stotsky
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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