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Li C, Wang Z, Yao L, Lin X, Jian Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Shao J, Tran PD, Hagman JR, Cao M, Cong Y, Li HY, Goding CR, Xu ZX, Liao X, Miao X, Cui R. Mi-2β promotes immune evasion in melanoma by activating EZH2 methylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2163. [PMID: 38461299 PMCID: PMC10924921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent development of new immune checkpoint inhibitors has been particularly successfully in cancer treatment, but still the majority patients fail to benefit. Converting resistant tumors to immunotherapy sensitive will provide a significant improvement in patient outcome. Here we identify Mi-2β as a key melanoma-intrinsic effector regulating the adaptive anti-tumor immune response. Studies in genetically engineered mouse melanoma models indicate that loss of Mi-2β rescues the immune response to immunotherapy in vivo. Mechanistically, ATAC-seq analysis shows that Mi-2β controls the accessibility of IFN-γ-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mi-2β binds to EZH2 and promotes K510 methylation of EZH2, subsequently activating the trimethylation of H3K27 to inhibit the transcription of ISGs. Finally, we develop an Mi-2β-targeted inhibitor, Z36-MP5, which reduces Mi-2β ATPase activity and reactivates ISG transcription. Consequently, Z36-MP5 induces a response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in otherwise resistant melanoma models. Our work provides a potential therapeutic strategy to convert immunotherapy resistant melanomas to sensitive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Licheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Zhuhai Yu Fan Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Phuc D Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - James R Hagman
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Xuebin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhu L, Yang L, Chen M, Sun P, Ma Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Jia H. In vitro and in vivo anti-eczema effect of Artemisia annua aqueous extract and its component profiling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117065. [PMID: 37604330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia annua L. belongs to the Asteraceae family and has a long history of clinical application in China. It has been widely used for centuries to treat fever, malaria, jaundice and some skin diseases (such as scabies and sores). Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimalarial and antibacterial effects. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-eczema effect of A. annua aqueous extract (AAE), profile its potential bioactive components and try to explore its possible underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of AAE. The anti-eczema effect of AAE was evaluated using both an in vitro 3D epidermal inflammation model and an in vivo guinea pig itching model. The bioactive components of AAE were characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with the UNIFI platform. RESULTS In this study, we found that AAE is safe for primary human skin keratinocytes at concentrations ranging from 31.3 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL. Further investigations indicate that AAE can increase the itching threshold, inhibit the expression of the inflammatory cytokine TSLP, and promote the expression of FLG mRNA. Additionally, the utilization of UPLC-QTOF/MS and UNIFI platform enabled us to identify 61 potential bioactive components of AAE, with sesquiterpenes and phenolic acids being the most abundant components. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-itch effects of the A. annua extract were revealed, along with sesquiterpenes and phenolic acids were identified as potential bioactive components according to literature. The AAE extract holds potential for utilization in the treatment of eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Artemisinin Research Center & Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center & Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Artemisinin Research Center & Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center & Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center & Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ya Zhao
- Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China.
| | - Haidong Jia
- Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China
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3
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Yu J, Song P, Bai Y, Dang E, Luo Y, Chen J, Fu M, Zhang J, Qiao P, Guo W, Wang G, Shao S. CD36-SREBP1 Axis Mediates TSLP Production in Obesity-Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2153-2162.e12. [PMID: 37209865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) and may accelerate its development. Keratinocyte dysfunction has been observed in obesity-related skin diseases, including psoriasis and acanthosis nigricans, but is not fully understood in AD. In this study, we found that high-fat diet-induced obesity exacerbated AD-like dermatitis in mice, with elevated inflammatory molecules and increased CD36-SREBP1-related fatty acid accumulation in the lesional skin. Blocking CD36 or SREBP1 with chemical inhibitors effectively alleviated AD-like inflammation, decreased fatty acid accumulation, and downregulated TSLP expression in obese calcipotriol (MC903)-treated mice. Moreover, palmitic acid treatment induced TSLP overexpression in keratinocytes through the activation of the CD36-SREBP1 signaling pathway. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further revealed increased binding of SREBP1 to the TSLP promoter region. Our findings provide compelling evidence that obesity triggers the activation of the CD36-SREBP1-TSLP axis in keratinocytes, leading to epidermal lipid disorders and the aggravation of AD-like inflammation. By targeting CD36 or SREBP1, future combination therapies or modified treatment strategies could be developed to help manage patients with both obesity and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Benamar M, Chen Q, Martinez-Blanco M, Chatila TA. Regulatory T cells in allergic inflammation. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101847. [PMID: 37837939 PMCID: PMC10842049 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance to allergens at the environmental interfaces in the airways, skin and gut, marshalling in the process distinct immune regulatory circuits operative in the respective tissues. Treg cells are coordinately mobilized with allergic effector mechanisms in the context of a tissue-protective allergic inflammatory response against parasites, toxins and potentially harmful allergens, serving to both limit the inflammation and promote local tissue repair. Allergic diseases are associated with subverted Treg cell responses whereby a chronic allergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward pathogenic phenotypes that both perpetuate and aggravate disease. Interruption of Treg cell subversion in chronic allergic inflammatory conditions may thus provide novel therapeutic strategies by re-establishing effective immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Martinez-Blanco
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Lead Contact, USA.
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5
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Tanaka Y, Yokoyama Y, Kambayashi T. Skin-derived TSLP stimulates skin migratory dendritic cells to promote the expansion of regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350390. [PMID: 37525585 PMCID: PMC10592182 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that enhance regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation or suppressive function hold promise for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that the topical application of the vitamin D3 analog MC903 systemically expands Treg cells by stimulating the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from the skin. Using mice lacking TSLP receptor expression by dendritic cells (DCs), we hereby show that TSLP receptor signaling in DCs is required for this Treg expansion in vivo. Topical MC903 treatment of ear skin selectively increased the number of migratory DCs in skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and upregulated their expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Accordingly, DCs isolated from skin-draining LNs but not mesenteric LNs or spleen of MC903-treated mice showed an enhanced ability to promote Treg proliferation, which was driven by co-stimulatory signals through CD80/CD86 and OX40 ligand. Among the DC subsets in the skin-draining LNs of MC903-treated mice, migratory XCR1- CD11b+ type 2 and XCR1- CD11b- double negative conventional DCs promoted Treg expansion. Together, these data demonstrate that vitamin D3 stimulation of skin induces TSLP expression, which stimulates skin migratory DCs to expand Treg cells. Thus, topical MC903 treatment could represent a convenient strategy to treat inflammatory disorders by engaging this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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6
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Harbour JC, Abdelbary M, Schell JB, Fancher SP, McLean JJ, Nappi TJ, Liu S, Nice TJ, Xia Z, Früh K, Nolz JC. T helper 1 effector memory CD4 + T cells protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112407. [PMID: 37083328 PMCID: PMC10281076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus infections of the skin are a recent emerging public health concern, yet the mechanisms that mediate protective immunity against these viral infections remain largely unknown. Here, we show that T helper 1 (Th1) memory CD4+ T cells are necessary and sufficient to provide complete and broad protection against poxvirus skin infections, whereas memory CD8+ T cells are dispensable. Core 2 O-glycan-synthesizing Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells rapidly infiltrate the poxvirus-infected skin microenvironment and produce interferon γ (IFNγ) in an antigen-dependent manner, causing global changes in gene expression to promote anti-viral immunity. Keratinocytes express IFN-stimulated genes, upregulate both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation in an IFNγ-dependent manner, and require IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) signaling and MHC class II expression for memory CD4+ T cells to protect the skin from poxvirus infection. Thus, Th1 effector memory CD4+ T cells exhibit potent anti-viral activity within the skin, and keratinocytes are the key targets of IFNγ necessary for preventing poxvirus infection of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Harbour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John B Schell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Samantha P Fancher
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack J McLean
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Taylen J Nappi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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7
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Lv Z, Li P, Zhang M, Wei F, Jin X, Hu Y, Guo Y, Liu D. Mining chicken ileal microbiota for immunomodulatory microorganisms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:758-774. [PMID: 36849630 PMCID: PMC10119185 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota makes important contributions to host immune system development and resistance to pathogen infections, especially during early life. However, studies addressing the immunomodulatory functions of gut microbial individuals or populations are limited. In this study, we explore the systemic impact of the ileal microbiota on immune cell development and function of chickens and identify the members of the microbiota involved in immune system modulation. We initially used a time-series design with six time points to prove that ileal microbiota at different succession stages is intimately connected to immune cell maturation. Antibiotics perturbed the microbiota succession and negatively affected immune development, whereas early exposure to the ileal commensal microbiota from more mature birds promoted immune cell development and facilitated pathogen elimination after Salmonella Typhimurium infection, illustrating that early colonization of gut microbiota is an important driver of immune development. Five bacterial strains, Blautia coccoides, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Fournierella sp002159185, Romboutsia lituseburensis, and Megamonas funiformis, which are closely related to the immune system development of broiler chickens, were then screened out and validated for their immunomodulatory properties. Our results provide insight into poultry immune system-microbiota interactions and also establish a foundation for targeted immunological interventions aiming to combat infectious diseases and promote poultry health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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8
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Epithelial cell-derived cytokine TSLP activates regulatory T cells by enhancing fatty acid uptake. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1653. [PMID: 36717741 PMCID: PMC9887060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells control a variety of immune cells by secreting cytokines to maintain tissue homeostasis on mucosal surfaces. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for immune homeostasis and for preventing tissue inflammation; however, the precise molecular mechanisms by which epithelial cell-derived cytokines function on Treg cells in the epithelial tissues are not well understood. Here, we show that peripheral Treg cells preferentially respond to thymic stromal lymphoprotein (TSLP). Although TSLP does not affect thymic Treg differentiation, TSLP receptor-deficient induced Treg cells derived from naïve CD4+ T cells are less activated in an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Mechanistically, TSLP activates induced Treg cells partially through mTORC1 activation and fatty acid uptake. Thus, TSLP modulates the activation status of induced Treg through the enhanced uptake of fatty acids to maintain homeostasis in the large intestine.
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9
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Kim JH, Ahn S, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. Immunization with a Pneumococcal pep27 Mutant Strain Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis through the Upregulation of Regulatory T-Cell Activity and Epithelial Barrier Function and Suppressing TSLP Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:115-123.e6. [PMID: 35988588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease driven in part by type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokines and skin barrier disruption alleviating the entry of allergens. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell‒derived cytokine, is known to aggravate AD symptoms by activating Th2. In addition, regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammatory cells such as Th2. However, the relationship between TSLP and Tregs in AD is unclear. A murine dermatitis model was induced by applying oxazolone to the ear skin of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic responses were analyzed by immunizing mice intranasally with a pneumococcal pep27 mutant (Δpep27 mutant), attenuated strain by reducing the virulence of a pathogen. Intranasal immunization with a pneumococcal pep27 mutant could elicit anti-inflammatory Treg-relevant factors and epithelial barrier genes (loricrin, involucrin, filaggrin, and small proline-rich repeat proteins). Thus, pneumococcal pep27-mutant immunization suppressed epidermal collapse, IgE, TSLP, and upregulation of Th2 expression by upregulating Treg activity. In contrast, Treg inhibition aggravated AD symptoms through the upregulation of TSLP and Th2 and the repression of epithelial barrier function compared with that of the noninhibited pneumococcal Δpep27-mutant group. Taken together, immunization with pneumococcal Δpep27 mutant upregulated Treg and epithelial barrier function and inhibited TSLP and Th2 to relieve AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemi Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; DNBio Pharm, Research Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jiang P, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Song Z. Combined application of dinitrofluorobenzene and ovalbumin induced AD-like dermatitis with an increase in helper T-cell cytokines and a prolonged Th2 response. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:60. [PMID: 36476273 PMCID: PMC9730685 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of acute-to-chronic atopic dermatitis is accompanied by multiple helper T-cell cytokine responses, but the mechanisms and relative importance of these changes remain unclear. There is no animal model for atopic dermatitis that recapitulates these cytokine responses. OBJECTIVE We sought to build a novel mouse model for atopic dermatitis (AD) that recapitulates these helper T-cell responses and some dynamic changes in cytokine responses in the progression of AD. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were subjected to the application of dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and ovalbumin (OVA) to induce AD-like dermatitis. Skin lesions and serum were collected from mice in the acute and chronic phases to detect changes in cytokine responses and other features of AD. RESULTS Combined application of DNFB and OVA successfully induced AD-like dermatitis and histological changes as well as epidermal barrier dysfunction. In the acute phase of AD-like dermatitis, Th2-associated cytokines were mainly increased in serum and skin lesions. In the chronic phase of AD-like dermatitis, Th2-associated cytokines were still highly expressed, while Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines were also gradually increased. Compared with the acute phase, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway was highly expressed in the chronic phase of AD-like dermatitis. CONCLUSION The combined application of DNFB and OVA could be used to build a new mouse model for atopic dermatitis. This mouse model recapitulates the helper T-cell responses and some dynamic changes in cytokine responses in the progression of acute-to-chronic in human AD. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the chronicity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Jiang
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Yaguang Wu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Lu Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Lian Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
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11
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Chopra A, Gupta A. Skin as an immune organ and the site of biomimetic, non-invasive vaccination. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Xu J, Chen H, Qian H, Wang F, Xu Y. Advances in the modulation of ROS and transdermal administration for anti-psoriatic nanotherapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:448. [PMID: 36242051 PMCID: PMC9569062 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at supraphysiological concentration have a determinate role in contributing to immuno-metabolic disorders in the epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) of psoriatic lesions. With an exclusive focus on the gene-oxidative stress environment interaction in the EIME, a comprehensive strategy based on ROS-regulating nanomedicines is greatly anticipated to become the mainstay of anti-psoriasis treatment. This potential therapeutic modality could inhibit the acceleration of psoriasis via remodeling the redox equilibrium and reshaping the EIME. Herein, we present a marked overview of the current progress in the pathomechanisms of psoriasis, with particular concerns on the potential pathogenic role of ROS, which significantly dysregulates redox metabolism of keratinocytes (KCs) and skin-resident or -infiltrating cells. Meanwhile, the emergence of versatile nanomaterial-guided evolution for transdermal drug delivery has been attractive for the percutaneous administration of antipsoriatic therapies in recent years. We emphasize the underlying molecular mechanism of ROS-based nanoreactors for improved therapeutic outcomes against psoriasis and summarize up-to-date progress relating to the advantages and limitations of nanotherapeutic application for transdermal administration, as well as update an insight into potential future directions for nanotherapies in ROS-related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Xu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology Immunology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Obata-Ninomiya K, de Jesus Carrion S, Hu A, Ziegler SF. Emerging role for thymic stromal lymphopoietin-responsive regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer progression in humans and mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6960. [PMID: 35584230 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to tumors is a hallmark of cancer progression. Tumor-derived factors, such as the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), can influence Treg function in tumors. In our study, we identified a subset of Tregs expressing the receptor for TSLP (TSLPR+ Tregs) that were increased in colorectal tumors in humans and mice and largely absent in adjacent normal colon. This Treg subset was also found in the peripheral blood of patients with colon cancer but not in the peripheral blood of healthy control subjects. Mechanistically, we found that this Treg subset coexpressed the interleukin-33 (IL-33) receptor [suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)] and had high programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression, regulated in part by the transcription factor Mef2c. Treg-specific deletion of TSLPR, but not ST2, was associated with a reduction in tumor number and size with concomitant increase in TH1 cells in tumors in chemically induced mouse models of colorectal cancer. Therapeutic blockade of TSLP using TSLP-specific monoclonal antibodies effectively inhibited the progression of colorectal tumors in this mouse model. Collectively, these data suggest that TSLP controls the progression of colorectal cancer through regulation of tumor-specific Treg function and represents a potential therapeutic target that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Hu
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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14
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Hasegawa T, Oka T, Demehri S. Alarmin Cytokines as Central Regulators of Cutaneous Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876515. [PMID: 35432341 PMCID: PMC9005840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as the primary interface between the body and the environment. The skin immune system is composed of a complex network of immune cells and factors that provide the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and environmental insults. Alarmin cytokines mediate an intricate intercellular communication between keratinocytes and immune cells to regulate cutaneous immune responses. Proper functions of the type 2 alarmin cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, are paramount to the maintenance of skin homeostasis, and their dysregulation is commonly associated with allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the complex regulatory network of type 2 alarmin cytokines that control skin immunity and highlight the mechanisms by which these cytokines regulate skin immune responses in host defense, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Mestrallet G, Rouas-Freiss N, LeMaoult J, Fortunel NO, Martin MT. Skin Immunity and Tolerance: Focus on Epidermal Keratinocytes Expressing HLA-G. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772516. [PMID: 34938293 PMCID: PMC8685247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of epidermal cells in skin regeneration has been extensively documented, their functions in immunity and tolerance mechanisms are largely underestimated. The aim of the present review was to outline the state of knowledge on resident immune cells of hematopoietic origin hosted in the epidermis, and then to focus on the involvement of keratinocytes in the complex skin immune networks acting in homeostasis and regeneration conditions. Based on this knowledge, the mechanisms of immune tolerance are reviewed. In particular, strategies based on immunosuppression mediated by HLA-G are highlighted, as recent advances in this field open up perspectives in epidermis-substitute bioengineering for temporary and permanent skin replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S 976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
| | - Joel LeMaoult
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S 976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas O Fortunel
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Michele T Martin
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
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16
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Choa R, Tohyama J, Wada S, Meng H, Hu J, Okumura M, May RM, Robertson TF, Pai RAL, Nace A, Hopkins C, Jacobsen EA, Haldar M, FitzGerald GA, Behrens EM, Minn AJ, Seale P, Cotsarelis G, Kim B, Seykora JT, Li M, Arany Z, Kambayashi T. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces adipose loss through sebum hypersecretion. Science 2021; 373:373/6554/eabd2893. [PMID: 34326208 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that the immune system can regulate systemic metabolism. Here, we show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) stimulates T cells to induce selective white adipose loss, which protects against obesity, improves glucose metabolism, and mitigates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Unexpectedly, adipose loss was not caused by alterations in food intake, absorption, or energy expenditure. Rather, it was induced by the excessive loss of lipids through the skin as sebum. TSLP and T cells regulated sebum release and sebum-associated antimicrobial peptide expression in the steady state. In human skin, TSLP expression correlated directly with sebum-associated gene expression. Thus, we establish a paradigm in which adipose loss can be achieved by means of sebum hypersecretion and uncover a role for adaptive immunity in skin barrier function through sebum secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Choa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junichiro Tohyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shogo Wada
- Cardiovascular Institute and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariko Okumura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth-Anne Langan Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Hopkins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andy J Minn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Shibata S. Chromatin dynamics and epigenetics in skin stress adaptation. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:66-72. [PMID: 34238638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental insults, maintains its integrity by rapidly responding to external signals. In the epidermis, most genes are set in transcriptionally poised conditions to prepare for the prompt induction of stress responding genes. Local chromatin dynamics, supported by an interplay between epigenetic regulators and transcription factors, underlies transcriptional responses upon stress exposure. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and discusses how stress signaling provokes chromatin reprogramming in the epidermis. Epigenetic regulators play a leading role in chromatin remodeling during stress adaptation, and the timely release and restoration of these factors are indispensable for an appropriate skin repair. Evidence for the epigenetic regulation of physiological responses in the skin is accumulating. The epigenetic environment under continuous stress stimuli may lead to the acquisition of stress tolerance, but at the same time, may also induce pathological hypersensitivity. This review describes the current understanding of epigenetics and provides the potential of epigenetic regulation in skin disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shibata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Sawada Y, Nakatsuji T, Dokoshi T, Kulkarni NN, Liggins MC, Sen G, Gallo RL. Cutaneous innate immune tolerance is mediated by epigenetic control of MAP2K3 by HDAC8/9. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe1935. [PMID: 34021025 PMCID: PMC8363943 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin typically tolerates exposure to various microbes and chemicals in the environment. Here, we investigated how the epidermis maintains this innate immune tolerance to stimuli that are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Loss of tolerance to TLR ligands occurred after silencing of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC8 and HDAC9 in keratinocytes. Transcriptional analysis identified MAP2K3 as suppressed by HDAC8/9 activity and a potential key intermediary for establishing this tolerance. HDAC8/9 influenced acetylation at H3K9 and H3K27 marks in the MAP2K3 promoter. Proteomic analysis further identified SSRP1 and SUPT16H as associated with HDAC8/9 and responsible for transcriptional elongation of MAP2K3. Silencing of MAP2K3 blocked the capacity of HDAC8/9 to influence cytokine responses. Relevance in vivo was supported by observations of increased MAP2K3 in human inflammatory skin conditions and the capacity of keratinocyte HDAC8/9 to influence dendritic cell maturation and T cell proliferation. Keratinocyte-specific deletion of HDAC8/9 also increased inflammation in mice after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, imiquimod, or Staphylococcus aureus These findings define a mechanism for the epidermis to regulate inflammation in the presence of ubiquitous TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Marc C Liggins
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - George Sen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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19
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Vulsteke JB, Blockmans D, Moons V, Vijgen S, Bossuyt X, De Langhe E. Detection of anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies before dermatomyositis-specific manifestations. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:e60-e62. [PMID: 32118269 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Vulsteke
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven
| | - Daniël Blockmans
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven
| | | | - Sara Vijgen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven
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20
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Sconocchia T, Hochgerner M, Schwarzenberger E, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Borek I, Benezeder T, Bauer T, Zyulina V, Painsi C, Passegger C, Wolf P, Sibilia M, Strobl H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates skin inflammation via modulating dendritic cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1810-1822.e9. [PMID: 33250156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family that signal via the BMP receptor (BMPR) signaling cascade, distinct from canonical TGF-β signaling. BMP downstream signaling is strongly induced within epidermal keratinocytes in cutaneous psoriatic lesions, and BMP7 instructs monocytic cells to acquire characteristics of psoriasis-associated Langerhans dendritic cells (DCs). Regulatory T (Treg)-cell numbers strongly increase during psoriatic skin inflammation and were recently shown to limit psoriatic skin inflammation. However, the factors mediating Treg-cell accumulation in psoriatic skin currently remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of BMP signaling in Treg-cell accumulation in psoriasis. METHODS The following methods were used: immunohistology of patients and healthy controls; ex vivo models of Treg-cell generation in the presence or absence of Langerhans cells; analysis of BMP versus canonical TGF-β signaling in DCs and Treg cells; and modeling of psoriatic skin inflammation in mice lacking the BMPR type 1a in CD11c+ cells. RESULTS We here demonstrated a positive correlation between Treg-cell numbers and epidermal BMP7 expression in cutaneous psoriatic lesions and show that unlike Treg cells from healthy skin, a portion of inflammation-associated Treg cells exhibit constitutive-active BMP signaling. We further found that BMPR signaling licenses inflammation-associated Langerhans cell/DC to gain an enhanced capacity to promote Treg cells via BMPR-mediated CD25 induction and that this effect is associated with reduced skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Psoriatic lesions are marked by constitutive high BMP7/BMPR signaling in keratinocytes, which instructs inflammatory DCs to gain enhanced Treg-cell-stimulatory activity. Locally secreted BMP7 can directly promote Treg-cell generation through the BMP signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Zyulina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christina Passegger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Bashaw AA, Zhou C, Yu M, Tolley L, Leggatt GR, Frazer IH, Chandra J. Regulatory T Cells but Not IL-10 Impair Cell-Mediated Immunity in Human Papillomavirus E7+ Hyperplastic Epithelium. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1264-1273.e3. [PMID: 33129828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus infection can induce cervical and other intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancers. A transgenic mouse expressing keratin 14 promotor-driven HPV16 E7 oncoprotein exhibits epithelial hyperplasia and mimics many features of human papillomavirus-related intraepithelial precancers. We have previously demonstrated that HPV16 E7-mediated epithelial hyperplasia suppresses T helper type 1 responses to intradermally delivered antigen and directs differentiation of CD4+ T cells towards a Foxp3+ regulatory phenotype (Treg). Here we establish that Foxp3+ Treg expansion from a transferred naive T-cell population is driven directly by the hyperplastic skin and is independent of pre-existing immune-modulated lymphocytes. However, depletion of endogenous CD25+ Tregs before priming of adoptively transferred T cells significantly improves antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses but not T helper type 1 responses. Deletion of IL-10 had no effect on Treg expansion, epidermal dendritic cell alteration, and suppression of induced T helper type 1 immunity in HPV16 E7-driven hyperplastic mice. Thus, HPV16 E7-mediated epithelial hyperplasia promotes expansion of peripheral Tregs in response to intradermal immunization that suppress antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses independently of IL-10, but depletion of these Tregs is not sufficient to restore T helper type 1 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Assefa Bashaw
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Meihua Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.
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22
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Shibata S, Kashiwagi M, Morgan BA, Georgopoulos K. Functional interactions between Mi-2β and AP1 complexes control response and recovery from skin barrier disruption. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132751. [PMID: 31834931 PMCID: PMC7062528 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes respond to environmental signals by eliciting induction of genes that preserve skin's integrity. Here we show that the transcriptional response to stress signaling is supported by short-lived epigenetic changes. Comparison of chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes induced by barrier disruption or by loss of the nucleosome remodeler Mi-2β identified their striking convergence in mouse and human keratinocytes. Mi-2β directly repressed genes induced by barrier disruption by restricting AP1-enriched promoter-distal sites, occupied by Mi-2β and JUNB at steady state and by c-JUN after Mi-2β depletion or stress signaling. Barrier disruption led to a modest reduction in Mi-2β expression and a further selective reduction of Mi-2β localization at stress response genes, possibly through competition with activated c-JUN. Consistent with a repressive role at stress response genes, genetic ablation of Mi-2β did not prevent reestablishment of barrier integrity but was required for return to homeostasis. Thus, a competition between Mi-2β-repressive and activating AP1 complexes may permit rapid transcriptional response to and resolution from stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shibata
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mariko Kashiwagi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Bruce A Morgan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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23
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TSLP as druggable target - a silver-lining for atopic diseases? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107648. [PMID: 32758645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic diseases refer to common allergic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic asthma (AA). AD often develops in early childhood and may herald the onset of other allergic disorders such as food allergy (FA), AR, and AA. This progression of the disease is also known as the atopic march, and it goes hand in hand with a significantly impaired quality of life as well as a significant economic burden. Atopic diseases usually are considered as T helper type 2 (Th2) cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelium-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine, activates distinct immune and non-immune cells. It has been shown to be a master regulator of type 2 immune responses and atopic diseases. In experimental settings, the inhibition or knockout of TSLP signaling has shown great therapeutic potential. This, in conjunction with the increasing knowledge about the central role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases, has sparked an interest in TSLP as a druggable target. In this review, we will discuss the autocrine and paracrine effects of TSLP, how it regulates the tissue microenvironment and drives atopic diseases, which provide the rationale for the increasing interest in TSLP as a druggable target.
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24
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Ronchese F, Hilligan KL, Mayer JU. Dendritic cells and the skin environment. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:56-62. [PMID: 32387901 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is inhabited by several immune cell populations that serve as a first line of defence against pathogen invasion. Amongst these populations are dendritic cells, which play an essential sentinel function by taking up antigen or infectious agents and transporting them to the lymph node for T cell recognition and the priming of immune responses. In this review, we briefly summarise recent advances showing how skin dendritic cells are connected to a network of epithelial and stromal cells, which provide structural support, growth factors, spatial cues, contact with the external environment and the skin microbiome, and favour interactions with other immune cells. We propose that this network creates a unique skin environment that may condition dendritic cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Kerry L Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Johannes U Mayer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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25
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Boothby IC, Cohen JN, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells in skin injury: At the crossroads of tolerance and tissue repair. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaaz9631. [PMID: 32358172 PMCID: PMC7274208 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin injury is a highly inflammatory process that is carefully regulated to mitigate tissue damage and allow for proper barrier repair. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial coordinators of the immune response to injury in several organs. Here, we review the emerging role of Tregs in facilitating skin repair after injury. We focus on recently discovered interactions between lymphocytes and nonhematopoietic cells during wound healing and discuss how these interactions are regulated both by "classical" suppressive mechanisms of Tregs and by "nonclassical" reparative Treg functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Boothby
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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26
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Nakajima S, Kabata H, Kabashima K, Asano K. Anti-TSLP antibodies: Targeting a master regulator of type 2 immune responses. Allergol Int 2020; 69:197-203. [PMID: 31974038 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TSLP is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine synthesized in response to various stimuli, including protease allergens and microorganisms like viruses and bacteria. Biological functions of TSLP require heterodimer formation between the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) and IL-7 receptor-α, which polarize dendritic cells to induce type 2 inflammation and directly expand and/or activate Th2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, basophils, and other immune cells. TSLP is thus considered a master regulator of type 2 immune responses at the barrier surfaces of skin and the respiratory/gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, genetic, experimental, and clinical evidence suggests that the TSLP-TSLPR pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Tezepelumab (AMG-157/MEDI9929) is a human anti-TSLP antibody that prevents TSLP-TSLPR interactions. A phase 2 trial for moderate to severe AD showed that a greater but not statistically significant percentage of tezepelumab-treated patients showed clinical improvements compared to the placebo group. A phase 2 trial for uncontrolled, severe asthma showed significant decreases in asthma exacerbation rate and improved pulmonary function and asthma control for tezepelumab-treated patients. Levels of biomarkers of type 2 inflammation, such as blood/sputum eosinophil counts and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide decreased, however, clinical efficacy was observed irrespective of the baseline levels of these biomarkers. A blockade of the TSLP-TSLPR pathway likely will exert significant clinical effects on AD, asthma, and other allergic diseases. The efficacy of anti-TSLP antibodies compared to other biologics needs to be further examined.
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27
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Natsume C, Aoki N, Aoyama T, Senda K, Matsui M, Ikegami A, Tanaka K, Azuma YT, Fujita T. Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062180. [PMID: 32235696 PMCID: PMC7139773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Natsume
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Nao Aoki
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Keisuke Senda
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Mio Matsui
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Airi Ikegami
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-2848
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Ramirez R, Herrera AM, Ramirez J, Qian C, Melton DW, Shireman PK, Jin YF. Deriving a Boolean dynamics to reveal macrophage activation with in vitro temporal cytokine expression profiles. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:725. [PMID: 31852428 PMCID: PMC6921543 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages show versatile functions in innate immunity, infectious diseases, and progression of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. These versatile functions of macrophages are conducted by different macrophage phenotypes classified as classically activated macrophages and alternatively activated macrophages due to different stimuli in the complex in vivo cytokine environment. Dissecting the regulation of macrophage activations will have a significant impact on disease progression and therapeutic strategy. Mathematical modeling of macrophage activation can improve the understanding of this biological process through quantitative analysis and provide guidance to facilitate future experimental design. However, few results have been reported for a complete model of macrophage activation patterns. RESULTS We globally searched and reviewed literature for macrophage activation from PubMed databases and screened the published experimental results. Temporal in vitro macrophage cytokine expression profiles from published results were selected to establish Boolean network models for macrophage activation patterns in response to three different stimuli. A combination of modeling methods including clustering, binarization, linear programming (LP), Boolean function determination, and semi-tensor product was applied to establish Boolean networks to quantify three macrophage activation patterns. The structure of the networks was confirmed based on protein-protein-interaction databases, pathway databases, and published experimental results. Computational predictions of the network evolution were compared against real experimental results to validate the effectiveness of the Boolean network models. CONCLUSION Three macrophage activation core evolution maps were established based on the Boolean networks using Matlab. Cytokine signatures of macrophage activation patterns were identified, providing a possible determination of macrophage activations using extracellular cytokine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ramirez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Allen Michael Herrera
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Joshua Ramirez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chunjiang Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - David W Melton
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paula K Shireman
- Department of Surgery, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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29
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Cytokine/chemokine profiles in squamous cell carcinoma correlate with precancerous and cancerous disease stage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17754. [PMID: 31780824 PMCID: PMC6882799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic Keratosis (AK), Intraepidermal Carcinoma (IEC), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) are generally considered to be advancing stages of the same disease spectrum. However, while AK often regress spontaneously, and IEC often regress in response to immune-activating treatments, SCC typically do not regress. Therefore, it is vital to define whether fundamental immunological changes occur during progression to SCC. Here we show that proinflammatory cytokine expression, chemokine expression, and immune cell infiltration density change during progression to SCC. Our findings suggest a switch from predominantly proinflammatory cytokine production to chemokine production is a key feature of progression from precancer to cancer. Together, these observations propose a model that can underpin current research and open new avenues of exploration into the clinical significance of these profiles with respect to immunotherapeutic or other treatment outcomes.
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30
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Gago-Lopez N, Mellor LF, Megías D, Martín-Serrano G, Izeta A, Jimenez F, Wagner EF. Role of bulge epidermal stem cells and TSLP signaling in psoriasis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10697. [PMID: 31556482 PMCID: PMC6835205 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease involving a cross‐talk between epidermal and immune cells. The role of specific epidermal stem cell populations, including hair follicle stem cells (HF‐SCs) in psoriasis is not well defined. Here, we show reduced expression of c‐JUN and JUNB in bulge HF‐SCs in patients with scalp psoriasis. Using lineage tracing in mouse models of skin inflammation with inducible deletion of c‐Jun and JunB, we found that mutant bulge HF‐SCs initiate epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation. Mechanistically, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified in mutant cells as a paracrine factor stimulating proliferation of neighboring non‐mutant epidermal cells, while mutant inter‐follicular epidermal (IFE) cells are lost over time. Blocking TSLP in psoriasis‐like mice reduced skin inflammation and decreased epidermal proliferation, VEGFα expression, and STAT5 activation. These findings unravel distinct roles of HF‐SCs and IFE cells in inflammatory skin disease and provide novel mechanistic insights into epidermal cell interactions in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gago-Lopez
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana F Mellor
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Unit at Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Francisco Jimenez
- Grupo de Patología Médica, Mediteknia Dermatologic Clinic, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Universidad Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Kobayashi T, Naik S, Nagao K. Choreographing Immunity in the Skin Epithelial Barrier. Immunity 2019; 50:552-565. [PMID: 30893586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin interfaces with the external environment and is home to a myriad of immune cells that patrol the barrier to ward off harmful agents and aid in tissue repair. The formation of the cutaneous immune arsenal begins before birth and evolves throughout our lifetime, incorporating exogenous cues from microbes and inflammatory encounters, to achieve optimal fitness and function. Here, we discuss the context-specific signals that drive productive immune responses in the skin epithelium, highlighting key modulators of these reactions, including hair follicles, neurons, and commensal microbes. We thus also discuss the causal and mechanistic underpinning of inflammatory skin diseases that have been revealed in recent years. Finally, we discuss the non-canonical functions of cutaneous immune cells including their burgeoning role in epithelial regeneration and repair. The rapidly growing field of cutaneous immunity is revealing immune mechanisms and functions that can be harnessed to boost skin health and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shruti Naik
- Department of Pathology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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32
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Papaioannou E, Yánez DC, Ross S, Lau CI, Solanki A, Chawda MM, Virasami A, Ranz I, Ono M, O'Shaughnessy RFL, Crompton T. Sonic Hedgehog signaling limits atopic dermatitis via Gli2-driven immune regulation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3153-3170. [PMID: 31264977 PMCID: PMC6668675 DOI: 10.1172/jci125170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins regulate development and tissue homeostasis, but their role in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unknown. We found that on induction of mouse AD, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) expression in skin and Hh pathway action in skin T cells were increased. Shh signaling reduced AD pathology and the levels of Shh expression determined disease severity. Hh-mediated transcription in skin T cells in AD-induced mice increased Treg populations and their suppressive function through increased active transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) in Treg signaling to skin T effector populations to reduce disease progression and pathology. RNA sequencing of skin CD4+ T cells from AD-induced mice demonstrated that Hh signaling increased expression of immunoregulatory genes and reduced expression of inflammatory and chemokine genes. Addition of recombinant Shh to cultures of naive human CD4+ T cells in iTreg culture conditions increased FOXP3 expression. Our findings establish an important role for Shh upregulation in preventing AD, by increased Gli-driven, Treg cell–mediated immune suppression, paving the way for a potential new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Papaioannou
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana C Yánez
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susan Ross
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Solanki
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Manilal Chawda
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Virasami
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismael Ranz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Roan F, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1441-1451. [PMID: 30932910 DOI: 10.1172/jci124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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34
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Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches. Immunity 2019; 50:707-722.e6. [PMID: 30824323 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 lymphocytes promote both physiologic tissue remodeling and allergic pathology, yet their physical tissue niches are poorly described. Here, we used quantitative imaging to define the tissue niches of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which are critical instigators of type 2 immunity. We identified a dominant adventitial niche around lung bronchi and larger vessels in multiple tissues, where ILC2s localized with subsets of dendritic and regulatory T cells. However, ILC2s were most intimately associated with adventitial stromal cells (ASCs), a mesenchymal fibroblast-like subset that expresses interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In vitro, ASCs produced TSLP that supported ILC2 accumulation and activation. ILC2s and IL-13 drove reciprocal ASC expansion and IL-33 expression. During helminth infection, ASC depletion impaired lung ILC2 and Th2 cell accumulation and function, which are in part dependent on ASC-derived IL-33. These data indicate that adventitial niches are conserved sites where ASCs regulate type 2 lymphocyte expansion and function.
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35
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Taking the lead - how keratinocytes orchestrate skin T cell immunity. Immunol Lett 2018; 200:43-51. [PMID: 29969603 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin comprises a complex coordinated system of epithelial tissue cells and immune cells that ensure adequate immune reactions against trauma, toxins and pathogens, while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Keratinocytes form the outermost barrier of the skin, and sense changes in barrier integrity, intrusion of microbial components and stress molecules. Thus, they act as sentinels that continuously communicate the status of the organ to the cutaneous immune system. Upon damage the keratinocytes initiate a pro-inflammatory signaling cascade that leads to the activation of resident immune cells. Simultaneously, the tissue mediates and supports immune-suppressive functions to contain inflammation locally. After resolution of inflammation, the skin provides a niche for regulatory and effector memory T cells that can quickly respond to reoccurring antigens. In this review we discuss the central role of keratinocyte-derived signals in controlling cutaneous T cell immunity.
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36
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Han H, Roan F, Ziegler SF. The atopic march: current insights into skin barrier dysfunction and epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:116-130. [PMID: 28658558 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis often precedes the development of other atopic diseases. The atopic march describes this temporal relationship in the natural history of atopic diseases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this relationship are poorly understood, epidemiological and genetic data have suggested that the skin might be an important route of sensitization to allergens. Animal models have begun to elucidate how skin barrier defects can lead to systemic allergen sensitization. Emerging data now suggest that epithelial cell-derived cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 may drive the progression from atopic dermatitis to asthma and food allergy. This review focuses on current concepts of the role of skin barrier defects and epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation and the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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37
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A tumor-myeloid cell axis, mediated via the cytokines IL-1α and TSLP, promotes the progression of breast cancer. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:366-374. [PMID: 29556001 PMCID: PMC5864553 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors actively manipulate the immune response through the production of factors that attract immune cells and subsequently alter their ability to recognize and effectively remove the tumor. While this immune evasion mechanism is an important aspect of tumor survival, the factors that serve as primary growth factors for the tumor are less understood. Here, we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which breast cancer cells manipulate tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells to maintain their survival. Tumor-derived interleukin 1α (IL-1α), acting on infiltrating myeloid cells, induced the expression of a critical tumor survival factor, the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). TSLP promoted the survival of the tumor cells through induction of Bcl-2 expression. TSLP signaling was also required for metastasis to the lung. These studies define a novel IL-1α–TSLP-mediated crosstalk between tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and tumor cells in the control of metastatic breast cancer.
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Toomer KH, Malek TR. Cytokine Signaling in the Development and Homeostasis of Regulatory T cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028597. [PMID: 28620098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is indispensable for regulatory T-cell (Treg) development in the thymus, and also influences the homeostasis, phenotypic diversity, and function of Tregs in the periphery. Because Tregs are required for establishment and maintenance of immunological self-tolerance, investigating the role of cytokines in Treg biology carries therapeutic potential in the context of autoimmune disease. This review discusses the potent and diverse influences of interleukin (IL)-2 signaling on the Treg compartment, an area of knowledge that has led to the use of low-dose IL-2 as a therapy to reregulate autoaggressive immune responses. Evidence suggesting Treg-specific impacts of the cytokines transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), IL-7, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-15, and IL-33 is also presented. Finally, we consider the technical challenges and knowledge limitations that must be overcome to bring other cytokine-based, Treg-targeted therapies into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Toomer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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Abdel-Gadir A, Massoud AH, Chatila TA. Antigen-specific Treg cells in immunological tolerance: implications for allergic diseases. F1000Res 2018; 7:38. [PMID: 29375821 PMCID: PMC5765398 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12650.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders in which there is failure to mount effective tolerogenic immune responses to inciting allergens. The alarming rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in recent decades has spurred investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of breakdown in tolerance in these disorders and means of restoring it. Tolerance to allergens is critically dependent on the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells, which mediate a state of sustained non-responsiveness to the offending allergen. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms governing the generation and function of allergen-specific Treg cells and their subversion in allergic diseases. We will also outline approaches to harness allergen-specific Treg cell responses to restore tolerance in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Abdel-Gadir
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Amir H Massoud
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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40
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Kuo P, Tuong ZK, Teoh SM, Frazer IH, Mattarollo SR, Leggatt GR. HPV16E7-Induced Hyperplasia Promotes CXCL9/10 Expression and Induces CXCR3 + T-Cell Migration to Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:1348-1359. [PMID: 29277541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines regulate tissue immunity by recruiting specific subsets of immune cells. Mice expressing the E7 protein of human papilloma virus 16 as a transgene from a keratin 14 promoter (K14.E7) show increased epidermal and dermal lymphocytic infiltrates, epidermal hyperplasia, and suppressed local immunity. Here, we show that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are overexpressed in non-hematopoietic cells in skin of K14.E7 mice when compared with non-transgenic animals, and recruit CXCR3+ lymphocytes to the hyperplastic skin. Overexpression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 is not observed in E7 transgenic mice with mutated Rb gene whose protein product cannot interact with E7 (K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL) and in consequence lack hyperplastic epithelium. CXCR3+ T cells are preferentially recruited by CXCL9 and CXCL10 in supernatants of K14.E7 but not K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL skin cultures in vitro. CXCR3 signalling promotes infiltration of a subset of effector T lymphocytes that enables donor lymphocyte deficient, E7-expressing skin graft rejection. Taken together, this suggests that recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells can be an important factor in the rejection of precancerous skin epithelium providing they can overcome local immunosuppressive mechanisms driven by skin-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kuo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siok Min Teoh
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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41
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Noske K. Secreted immunoregulatory proteins in the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:3-10. [PMID: 29111181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The skin, thought initially to protect the body passively from pathogenic organisms and other environmental insults, is now recognised additionally as a sophisticated immune organ that actively regulates local immunity. Studies linking local innate and adaptive immunity to skin health and disease have revealed a complex network of cell communication and cytokine signalling. Here, we review the last 10 years of literature on this topic, and its relevance to skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Noske
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
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Wallmeyer L, Dietert K, Sochorová M, Gruber AD, Kleuser B, Vávrová K, Hedtrich S. TSLP is a direct trigger for T cell migration in filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:774. [PMID: 28377574 PMCID: PMC5428778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for filaggrin (FLG) are major predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulations considerably contribute to its pathophysiology. For example, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is highly expressed in lesional atopic skin and significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by activating dendritic cells that then initiate downstream effects on, for example, T cells. However, little is known about the direct interplay between TSLP, filaggrin-deficient skin and other immune cells such as T lymphocytes. In the present study, FLG knockdown skin equivalents, characterised by intrinsically high TSLP levels, were exposed to activated CD4+ T cells. T cell exposure resulted in an inflammatory phenotype of the skin equivalents. Furthermore, a distinct shift from a Th1/Th17 to a Th2/Th22 profile was observed following exposure of T cells to filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents. Interestingly, TSLP directly stimulated T cell migration exclusively in filaggrin-deficient skin equivalents even in the absence of dendritic cells, indicating a hitherto unknown role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Wallmeyer
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Sochorová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Keeping skin inflammation local. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:250-251. [PMID: 28198829 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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