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Lin B, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Ma M, Qi M, Jiang Z, Li G, Xu Y, Yan J, Wang D, Wang X, Jiang W, Zhou R. GPR34 senses demyelination to promote neuroinflammation and pathologies. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01204-3. [PMID: 39030423 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile neuroinflammation is a major driver of multiple neurological diseases. Myelin debris can act as an inflammatory stimulus to promote inflammation and pathologies, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we showed that lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)-GPR34 axis played a critical role in microglia-mediated myelin debris sensing and the subsequent neuroinflammation. Myelin debris-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression relied on its lipid component LysoPS. Both myelin debris and LysoPS promoted microglia activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines via GPR34 and its downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK signaling. In vivo, reducing the content of LysoPS in myelin or inhibition of GPR34 with genetic or pharmacological approaches reduced neuroinflammation and pathologies in the mouse models of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Thus, our results identify GPR34 as a key receptor to sense demyelination and CNS damage and promote neuroinflammation, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for demyelination-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zonghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueli Xu
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxian Yan
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Siddiqui T, Bhatt LK. Emerging autophagic endo-lysosomal targets in the management of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:477-485. [PMID: 37586941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Synucleopathies, specifically Parkinson's disease, are still incurable and available therapeutic options are scarce and symptomatic. The autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system is an indigenous mechanism to manage the proteome. Excess/misfolded protein accumulation activates this system, which degrades the undesired proteins via lysosomes. Cells also eliminate these proteins by releasing them into the extracellular space via exosomes. However, the sutophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system becomes unfunctional in Parkinson's disease and there is accumulation and spread of pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Neuronal degeneration results Owing to pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Thus, the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system could be a promising target for neuroprotection. In the present review, we discuss the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system as an emerging target for the management of Parkinson's disease. Modulation of these targets associated with the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system can aid in clearing pathogenic alpha-synuclein and prevent the degeneration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - L K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.
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Huang J, Zhu Z, Schlüter D, Lambertsen KL, Song W, Wang X. Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin-modifying enzymes. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1719. [PMID: 38778460 PMCID: PMC11111633 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post-translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis-targeting chimera and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Huang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhenhu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- BRIGDE—Brain Research—Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Fan H, Song C, Zhang J. Sarm1 Controls the MYD88-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Disease via the Regulation of TRAF3 Recruitment. Immunol Invest 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38651786 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2343889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (Sarm1) is known as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses. However, its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the function of Sarm1 in IBD and its underlying mechanisms. Sarm1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) knockout (KO) micewere established. METHODS The colitis was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or cytidine phosphate guanosine(CpG). Inflammatory cytokines were measured viaELISA. qPCR and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. RESULTS It was demonstrated that reduced expression of Sarm1 was correlated with the severity of IBD in ulcerative colitis patients, and also with the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mouse model induced by DSS. It was further observed that Sarm1 KO enhanced the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both animal and in vitro cell models. Sarm1 deficiency in macrophages increased the severity of colitis in the mouse model induced by DSS. Moreover, Sarm1 regulatedTRAF3 recruitment to myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), which in turn controlled the MYD88-mediated inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data suggest that Sarm1 controls the MYD88-mediated inflammatory responses in IBD via its regulation of TRAF3 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Bai Y, Chang D, Ren H, Ju M, Wang Y, Chen B, Li H, Liu X, Li D, Huo X, Guo X, Tong M, Tan Y, Yao H, Han B. Engagement of N6-methyladenisine methylation of Gng4 mRNA in astrocyte dysfunction regulated by CircHECW2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1644-1660. [PMID: 38572093 PMCID: PMC10985031 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic mRNAs and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes by regulating the stability or function of target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence has suggested that m6A methylation may be involved in the pathological process of major depressive disorder (MDD), a common neuropsychiatric disorder with an unclear aetiology. Here, we found that the levels of the circular RNA HECW2 (circHECW2) were significantly increased in the plasma of both MDD patients and the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mouse model. Notably, the downregulation of circHECW2 attenuated astrocyte dysfunction and depression-like behaviors induced by CUS. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the downregulation of circHECW2 increased the expression of the methylase WTAP, leading to an increase in Gng4 expression via m6A modifications. Our findings provide functional insight into the correlation between circHECW2 and m6A methylation, suggesting that circHECW2 may represent a potential target for MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Biling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Daxing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinchen Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengze Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Palahati A, Luo Y, Qin L, Duan Y, Zhang M, Gan H, Zhai X. TonEBP: A Key Transcription Factor in Microglia Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced-Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1438. [PMID: 38338716 PMCID: PMC10855931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors within microglia contribute to the inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, we employed bioinformatics screening to identify the potential transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within microglia. Inflammatory stimuli can provoke an elevated expression of TonEBP in microglia. Nevertheless, the expression and function of microglial TonEBP in ICH-induced neuroinflammation remain ambiguous. In our recent research, we discovered that ICH instigated an increased TonEBP in microglia in both human and mouse peri-hematoma brain tissues. Furthermore, our results indicated that TonEBP knockdown mitigates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the activation of NF-κB signaling in microglia. In order to more deeply comprehend the underlying molecular mechanisms of how TonEBP modulates the inflammatory response, we sequenced the transcriptomes of TonEBP-deficient cells and sought potential downstream target genes of TonEBP, such as Pellino-1 (PELI1). PELI has been previously reported to mediate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Through the utilization of CUT & RUN, a dual-luciferase reporter, and qPCR, we confirmed that TonEBP is the transcription factor of Peli1, binding to the Peli1 promoter. In summary, TonEBP may enhance the LPS-induced inflammation and activation of NF-κB signaling via PELI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailiyaer Palahati
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuhao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yan L, Cui Y, Feng J. Biology of Pellino1: a potential therapeutic target for inflammation in diseases and cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292022. [PMID: 38179042 PMCID: PMC10765590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pellino1 (Peli1) is a highly conserved E3 Ub ligase that exerts its biological functions by mediating target protein ubiquitination. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of Peli1 in regulating inflammation by modulating various receptor signaling pathways, including interleukin-1 receptors, Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways. Peli1 has been implicated in the development of several diseases by influencing inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, DNA damage repair, and glycolysis. Peli1 is a risk factor for most cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma. Conversely, Peli1 protects against herpes simplex virus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, esophageal cancer, and toxic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, Peli1 is a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation. This comprehensive review summarizes the target proteins of Peli1, delineates their involvement in major signaling pathways and biological processes, explores their role in diseases, and discusses the potential clinical applications of Peli1-targeted therapy, highlighting the therapeutic prospects of Peli1 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Boyce BF, Li J, Yao Z, Xing L. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:504-521. [PMID: 37749800 PMCID: PMC10613774 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal integrity requires the coordinated activity of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoclasts form resorption lacunae on bone surfaces in response to cytokines by fusion of precursor cells. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal precursors and lay down new bone in resorption lacunae during bone remodeling. Nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) signaling regulates osteoclast and osteoblast formation and is activated in osteoclast precursors in response to the essential osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which can also control osteoblast formation through RANK-RANKL reverse signaling in osteoblast precursors. RANKL and some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), activate NF-κB signaling to positively regulate osteoclast formation and functions. However, these cytokines also limit osteoclast and osteoblast formation through NF-κB signaling molecules, including TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). TRAF6 mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation through canonical NF-κB signaling. In contrast, TRAF3 limits RANKL- and TNF-induced osteoclast formation, and it restricts transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced inhibition of osteoblast formation in young and adult mice. During aging, neutrophils expressing TGFβ and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) increase in bone marrow of mice in response to increased NF-κB-induced CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells and injection of these neutrophils into young mice decreased bone mass. TGFβ causes degradation of TRAF3, resulting in decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin-mediated osteoblast formation and age-related osteoporosis in mice. The CCR5 inhibitor, maraviroc, prevented accumulation of TGFβ+/CCR5+ neutrophils in bone marrow and increased bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone formation in aged mice. This paper updates current understanding of how NF-κB signaling is involved in the positive and negative regulation of cytokine-mediated osteoclast and osteoblast formation and activation with a focus on the role of TRAF3 signaling, which can be targeted therapeutically to enhance bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Qin Y, Chen J, Xu K, Lu Y, Xu F, Shi J. Triad3A involved in the regulation of endotoxin tolerance and mycobactericidal activity through the NFκB-nitric oxide pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e925. [PMID: 37506157 PMCID: PMC10363814 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance phenotype that occurs in the stage of infection. Persistent bacterial infection can lead to immune cell exhaustion. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates its activation by TLR4. However, the effect of Triad3A on endotoxin tolerance and bactericidal ability in the state of endotoxin tolerance remains unclear. METHODS Using single dose LPS and repeated LPS stimulated macrophage cell lines at indicated times, we investigated miR-191, Tirad3A, TRAF3, TLR4, p-P65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS expression, the effect of miR-191 on Triad3A and TRAF3, gene loss-of-function analyses, the effect of Triad3A on TLR4, p-P65, cytokine, and mycobactericidal activity in endotoxin tolerant cells infected with Mycobacterium marinum. RESULTS Here we found that Triad3A is involved in regulating endotoxin tolerance. Our result also displayed that miR-191 expression is downregulated in macrophages in the state of endotoxin tolerance. miR-191 can directly bind to Triad3A and TRAF3. Additionally, knockdown of Triad3A can reverse the effect of decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β in endotoxin tolerant macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TLR4-NF-κB-NO pathway was associated with Triad3A and responsible for the killing of intracellular mycobacteria in a tuberculosis sepsis model. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of Triad3A induced tolerogenic phenotype in macrophages, which can help the better comprehension of the pathogenesis involved in septic shock with infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and suggest that Triad3A may be a potential drug target for the treatment of severe septic tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Chen R, Wu X, Qiu H, Yang B, Chen Y, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan S, Liu D, Xiao L, Yu Y. Obesity-induced inflammatory miR-133a mediates apoptosis of granulosa cells and causes abnormal folliculogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1234-1246. [PMID: 37337633 PMCID: PMC10448043 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to promote disordered folliculogenesis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we find that miR-133a is involved in obesity-induced follicular development disorder. After feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) and fructose water for nine weeks, the mouse body weight is significantly increased, accompanied by an inflammatory state and increased expression of miR-133a in the adipose tissues and ovaries as well as accelerated follicle depletion. Although miR-133a is increased in the fat and ovaries of HFD mice, the increased miR-133a in the HFD ovaries is not derived from exosome transferred from obese adipose tissues but is synthesized by ovarian follicular cells in response to HFD-induced inflammation. In vivo experiments show that intrabursal injection of miR-133a agomir induces a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in antral follicles and atretic follicles, which is similar to HFD-induced abnormal folliculogenesis. Overexpression of miR-133a modestly promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by balancing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as C1QL1 and XIAP and pro-apoptotic proteins such as PTEN. Overall, this study reveals the function of miR-133a in obesity-induced ovarian folliculogenesis dysfunction and sheds light on the etiology of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Baiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Shaochun Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional GenesCollege of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Women’s HealthCareAffiliated Foshan Women and Children’s HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Luanjuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Fan J, Han Y, Sun H, Sun S, Wang Y, Guo R, Guo J, Tian X, Wang J, Wang J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-367–3p alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via inhibition of microglial ferroptosis by targeting EZH2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114593. [PMID: 37001184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence has underscored the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) containing bioactive compounds in MS. Herein, the current study sought to characterize the mechanism of BMSC-Exos harboring miR-367-3p both in BV2 microglia by Erastin-induced ferroptosis and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a typical animal model of MS. Exosomes were firstly isolated from BMSCs and identified for further use. BV2 microglia were co-cultured with miR-367-3p-containing BMSC-Exos, followed by an assessment of cell ferroptosis. Mechanistic exploration was furthered by the interaction of miR-367-3p and its downstream regulators. Lastly, BMSC-Exos harboring miR-367-3p were injected into EAE mice for in vivo validation. BMSC-Exos carrying miR-367-3p restrained microglial ferroptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-367-3p could bind to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and restrain EZH2 expression, leading to the over-expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Meanwhile, over-expression of SLC7A11 resulted in Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activation and ferroptosis suppression. Ectopic expression of EZH2 in vitro negated the protective effects of BMSC-Exos. Furthermore, BMSC-Exos containing miR-367-3p relieved the severity of EAE by suppressing ferroptosis and restraining EZH2 expression in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that BMSC-Exos carrying miR-367-3p brings about a significant decline in microglia ferroptosis by repressing EZH2 and alleviating the severity of EAE in vivo, suggesting a possible role of miR-367-3p overexpression in the treatment strategy of EAE. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Guo ML, Roodsari SK, Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Hu W. Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neuroimmune Signaling in Substance Use Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37371502 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, substance use disorders (SUDs) have been increasingly recognized as neuroinflammation-related brain diseases. Various types of abused drugs (cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opiate-like drugs, marijuana, etc.) can modulate the activation status of microglia and neuroinflammation levels which are involved in the pathogenesis of SUDs. Several neuroimmune signaling pathways, including TLR/NF-кB, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, as well as autophagy defection, etc., have been implicated in promoting SUDs. Recently, inflammasome-mediated signaling has been identified as playing critical roles in the microglia activation induced by abused drugs. Among the family of inflammasomes, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) serves the primary research target due to its abundant expression in microglia. NLRP3 has the capability of integrating multiple external and internal inputs and coordinately determining the intensity of microglia activation under various pathological conditions. Here, we summarize the effects of abused drugs on NLRP3 inflammasomes, as well as others, if any. The research on this topic is still at an infant stage; however, the readily available findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome could be a common downstream effector stimulated by various types of abused drugs and play critical roles in determining abused-drug-mediated biological effects through enhancing glia-neuron communications. NLRP3 inflammasome might serve as a novel target for ameliorating the development of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Dempsey
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Jiang X, Song Y, Fang J, Yang X, Mu S, Zhang J. Neuroprotective effect of Vesatolimod in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109717. [PMID: 36738672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease accompanied by inflammation and loss of axons and neurons. Toll-like receptors play crucial roles in the innate immune system and inflammation. However, few studies have explored the specific effects of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis. To explore underlying effects to develop a new therapeutic target, we use Vesatolimod, a safe and well-tolerated agonist of toll-like receptor 7, to assess the possible effects in Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. METHODS EAE animal model was induced by injection of MOG35-55 and monitored daily for clinical symptoms, and the treatment group was given Vesatolimod at the onset of illness. The therapeutic effects of Vesatolimod on EAE inflammation, demyelination, CD107b cells and T cells infiltration, and microglia activation was evaluated. Autophagy within the spinal cords of EAE mice was also preliminarily assessed. RESULTS Treatment with Vesatolimod significantly alleviated clinical symptoms of EAE from day 18 post-immunization and decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, particularly Eotaxin and IL-12 (P40), in peripheral blood. It also inhibited demyelination in spinal cords. Moreover, VES treatment reduced activation of microglia, infiltration of CD3 + T cells and CD107b + cells, as well as inhibited the autophagy-related proteins expression in the spinal cords of EAE mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Vesatolimod exhibits protective effects on EAE mice and is promising for treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Mu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Xu W, Yang T, Lou X, Chen J, Wang X, Hu M, An D, Gao R, Wang J, Chen X. Role of the Peli1-RIPK1 Signaling Axis in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:864-874. [PMID: 36763609 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe neurological inflammation is one of the main symptoms of methamphetamine (meth)-induced brain injury. Studies have demonstrated that meth exposure facilitates neuroinflammation via Pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Peli1)-mediated signaling. However, the involved mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Herein, we used Peli1-/- mice and Peli1-knockdown microglial BV2 cells to decipher the roles of Peli1 and downstream signaling in meth-induced neuroinflammation. After meth administration for seven consecutive days, Peli1-/- mice exhibited better learning and memory behavior and dramatically lower interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 levels than wild-type mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that Peli1 knockdown significantly attenuated the meth-induced upregulation of cytokines. Besides, meth markedly activated and increased the levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and Peli1 knockout or knockdown prevented these effects, indicating that RIPK1 participated in meth-induced Peli1-mediated inflammation. Specifically, treating the cells with necrostatin-1(Nec-1), an antagonist of RIPK1, remarkably inhibited the meth-induced increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, confirming the involvement of RIPK1 in Peli1-mediated neuroinflammation. Finally, meth induced a dramatic transfer of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, a downstream effector of RIRK1, to the cell membrane, disrupting membrane integrity and causing cytokine excretion. Therefore, targeting the Peli1-RIPK1 signaling axis is a potentially valid therapeutic approach against meth-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Wujin District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou 213100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Lou
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaoyang Hu
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Chi G, Pei J, Li X. The imbalance of liver resident macrophages polarization promotes chronic autoimmune hepatitis development in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14871. [PMID: 36778150 PMCID: PMC9912947 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease. At present, it is largely unknown how the innate immune cells influence AIH development. Objective To inquiry about mechanism of liver resident macrophages in AIH development, thus offering a new direction for AIH targeted treatment. Methods The liver resident macrophages were eliminated by clodronate liposomes in AIH liver tissues, followed by HE and Picrosirius assay to detect liver fibrosis and lymphocyte infiltration. The liver resident macrophages polarization was detected by Immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The collagenase digestion was used to isolate Kupffer cells from AIH mice liver tissues and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined by qPCR. Results M2 macrophages were the dominant phenotype at early immune response stage and hepatic inflammation was progressively aggravated after depletion of liver resident macrophages. M2 macrophages could effectively delay the development of AIH and could be polarized to M1 macrophages at the disease progresses. TLR2 ligands could promote M2 macrophages producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas TLR4 ligands could promote M1 macrophages producing proinflammatory cytokines. The change of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands could lead to continuous high expression of TLR4 and decreased expression of TLR2 in macrophages to further affect liver resident macrophages polarization state. Conclusion TLR2 and TLR4 ligands mediated liver resident macrophages polarization to favor chronic autoimmune hepatitis development.
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Chronic Microcystin-LR-Induced α-Synuclein Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:884-900. [PMID: 36385231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been confirmed to cause blood-brain barrier disruption and enter the brain tissue, resulting in non-negligible toxic effects. However, the neurotoxicity of MC-LR is mainly unknown. This study revealed that MC-LR disrupted the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons, which inhibited the degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn), leading to its release from neurons for transport into microglia. α-Syn is the main component of Lewy bodies, which has been identified as one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro, we observed that α-syn mediated by MC-LR activated HMC3 cells and polarized them towards M1 type. In addition, we confirmed that α-syn was transported into HMC3 cells through TLR4 receptors and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn enhanced the maturation and release of IL-18 and IL-1β. In the mouse models of chronic MC-LR exposure, a large number of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were deposited in brain tissue, and activation of NLRP3 in microglia was also observed in the midbrain. Collectively, MC-LR exposure promoted the pathological spread of α-syn from cell to cell, activated NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, and generated neuroinflammation, in which the TLR4 receptor played a substantial effect.
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Mo H, Wang Z, He Z, Wan J, Lu R, Wang C, Chen A, Cheng P. Decreased Peli1 expression attenuates osteoarthritis by protecting chondrocytes and inhibiting M1-polarization of macrophages. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:121-132. [PMID: 36718653 PMCID: PMC9950670 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0214.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pellino1 (Peli1) has been reported to regulate various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to explore the role of Peli1 in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA), so as to find new targets for the treatment of OA. METHODS After inhibiting Peli1 expression in chondrocytes with small interfering RNA (siRNA), interleukin (IL)-1β was used to simulate inflammation, and OA-related indicators such as synthesis, decomposition, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway were detected. After inhibiting the expression of Peli1 in macrophages Raw 264.7 with siRNA and intervening with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the polarization index of macrophages was detected, and the supernatant of macrophage medium was extracted as conditioned medium to act on chondrocytes and detect the apoptosis index. The OA model of mice was established by destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and adenovirus was injected into the knee cavity to reduce the expression of Peli1. The degree of cartilage destruction and synovitis were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In chondrocytes, knockdown of Peli1 produced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by targeting the TLR and NF-κB signalling pathways. We found that in macrophages, knockdown of Peli1 can inhibit M1-type polarization of macrophages. In addition, the corresponding conditioned culture medium of macrophages applied to chondrocytes can also produce an anti-apoptotic effect. During in vivo experiments, the results have also shown that knockdown Peli1 reduces cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation. CONCLUSION Knockdown of Peli1 has a therapeutic effect on OA, which therefore makes it a potential therapeutic target for OA.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):121-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlai Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, Anmin Chen. E-mail:
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen H, Hou Y, Zhai Y, Yang J, Que L, Liu J, Lu L, Ha T, Li C, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y. Peli1 deletion in macrophages attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing M1 polarization. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:95-108. [PMID: 36822176 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Peli1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is closely associated with inflammation and autoimmunity as an important regulatory protein in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We aimed to explore the function of Peli1 in macrophage polarization under myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and elucidate the possible mechanisms. We show here that Peli1 is upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, which is correlated with myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. We also found that the proportion of M1 macrophages was reduced and myocardial infarct size was decreased, paralleling improvement of cardiac function in mice with Peli1 deletion in hematopoietic cells or macrophages. Macrophage Peli1 deletion lessened M1 polarization and reduced the migratory ability in vitro. Mechanistically, Peli1 contributed to M1 polarization by promoting K63-linked ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of IRF5. Moreover, Peli1 deficiency in macrophages reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro. Together, our study demonstrates that Peli1 deficiency in macrophages suppresses macrophage M1 polarization and alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF5, which may serve as a potential intervention target for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yali Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linli Que
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Linming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Campus Box 70575, Johnson City, TN 37614-0575, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Campus Box 70575, Johnson City, TN 37614-0575, United States
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
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Kim SH, Oh J, Roh WS, Park J, Chung KB, Lee GH, Lee YS, Kim JH, Lee HK, Lee H, Park CO, Kim DY, Lee MG, Kim TG. Pellino-1 promotes intrinsic activation of skin-resident IL-17A-producing T cells in psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1317-1328. [PMID: 36646143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease primarily perpetuated by skin-resident IL-17-producing T (T17) cells. Pellino-1 (Peli1) belongs to a member of E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating immune receptor signaling cascades, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. OBJECTIVE We explored the potential role of Peli1 in psoriatic inflammation in the context of skin-resident T17 cells. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of relapsing and resolved psoriatic lesions with analysis for validation data set of psoriasis. Mice with systemic and conditional depletion of Peli1 were generated to evaluate the role of Peli1 in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Pharmacologic inhibition of Peli1 in human CD4+ T cells and ex vivo human skin cultures was also examined to evaluate its potential therapeutic implications. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct T-cell subsets in relapsing psoriasis exhibiting highly enriched gene signatures for (1) tissue-resident T cells, (2) T17 cells, and (3) NF-κB signaling pathway including PELI1. Peli1-deficient mice were profoundly protected from psoriasiform dermatitis, with reduced IL-17A production and NF-κB activation in γδ T17 cells. Mice with conditional depletion of Peli1 treated with FTY720 revealed that Peli1 was intrinsically required for the skin-resident T17 cell immune responses. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of Peli1 significantly ameliorated murine psoriasiform dermatitis and IL-17A production from the stimulated human CD4+ T cells and ex vivo skin explants modeling psoriasis. CONCLUSION Targeting Peli1 would be a promising therapeutic strategy for psoriasis by limiting skin-resident T17 cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwook Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seok Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Deparment of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Chang-Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Asano Y, Matsumoto Y, Wada J, Rottapel R. E3-ubiquitin ligases and recent progress in osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120710. [PMID: 36911671 PMCID: PMC9996189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation is a post-transcriptional protein modification that is comprised of various components including the 76-amino acid protein ubiquitin (Ub), Ub-activating enzyme (E1), Ub-conjugating enzyme (E2), ubiquitin ligase (E3), deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) and proteasome. We and others have recently provided genetic evidence showing that E3-ubiquitin ligases are associated with bone metabolism, the immune system and inflammation through ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of their substrates. Dysregulation of the E3-ubiquitin ligase RNF146-mediated degradation of the adaptor protein 3BP2 (SH3 domain-binding protein 2) causes cherubism, an autosomal dominant disorder associated with severe inflammatory craniofacial dysmorphia syndrome in children. In this review, on the basis of our discoveries in cherubism, we summarize new insights into the roles of E3-ubiquitin ligases in the development of human disorders caused by an abnormal osteoimmune system by highlighting recent genetic evidence obtained in both human and animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Han L, Wang Z, Yuan J, He J, Deng Y, Zhu DS, Guan YT. Circulating Leukocyte as an Inflammatory Biomarker: Association with Fibrinogen and Neuronal Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1213-1226. [PMID: 36974204 PMCID: PMC10039626 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Leukocytes and fibrinogen are inflammatory markers involved in circulating and central inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. However, the interaction between circulating leukocytes and serum fibrinogen and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between circulating leukocyte and serum fibrinogen and neuronal injury respectively in AIS. Methods A cross-section study with 431 hospitalized AIS patients from department of neurology was performed. Circulating leukocytes and fibrinogen were measured, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected to evaluate central neuronal damage. A propensity score matching method was used to minimize the effects of confounding factors. The relationship between leukocytes and NSE and fibrinogen was analyzed by linear curve fitting analysis and multiple logistic regression models respectively. Results The mean levels of NSE, leukocyte, and fibrinogen were significantly higher in the matched AIS group (n=89) than those of in the healthy control group (n=89) (all p<0.05). Both serum NSE and fibrinogen were increased with the increasing of leukocyte in AIS patients (both p<0.05). Smoothed plots suggested that there are linear relationships between leukocyte and NSE and fibrinogen respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the OR (95%) for the relationship between leukocyte and high NSE were 1.13 (1.01-1.26, p=0.031) and 1.13 (1.00-1.28, p=0.048), and between leukocyte and high fibrinogen were 1.40 (1.22-1.61, p<0.001) and 1.35 (1.15-1.58, p<0.001) in all AIS patients before and after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion Our study suggests that elevated circulating leukocyte was associated with high fibrinogen and neuronal injury in AIS. Therefore, there may be potential targets among circulating leukocyte, fibrinogen and NSE that should be intervened to reduce inflammatory reaction after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
- De-Sheng Zhu, Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13564719779, Email
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yang-Tai Guan, Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13386271865, Fax +86-21-68383482, Email
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24
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Mushroom Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233938. [PMID: 36497196 PMCID: PMC9740391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of drugs available to treat neurodegenerative diseases is limited. Most of these drug's efficacy is restricted by individual genetics and disease stages and usually do not prevent neurodegeneration acting long after irreversible damage has already occurred. Thus, drugs targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent neurodegeneration have the potential to negate symptom manifestation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and is associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn leads to neurodegeneration. Inflammasome activation and oligomerisation is suggested to be a major driver of disease progression occurring in microglia. With several natural products and natural product derivatives currently in clinical trials, mushrooms have been highlighted as a rich and largely untapped source of biologically active compounds in both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative disease models, partially supported by successful clinical trial evaluations. Additionally, novel high-throughput methods for the screening of natural product compound libraries are being developed to help accelerate the neurodegenerative disease drug discovery process, targeting neuroinflammation. However, the breadth of research relating to mushroom natural product high-throughput screening is limited, providing an exciting opportunity for further detailed investigations.
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25
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Huang S, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR-mediated innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065211. [PMID: 36505476 PMCID: PMC9732732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the viruses invade the body, they will be recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptor (TLR) or retinoic acid-induced gene-I like receptor (RLR), thus causing the activation of downstream antiviral signals to resist the virus invasion. The cross action between ubiquitination and proteins in these signal cascades enhances the antiviral signal. On the contrary, more and more viruses have also been found to use the ubiquitination system to inhibit TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity. Therefore, this review summarizes how the ubiquitination system plays a regulatory role in TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity, and how viruses use the ubiquitination system to complete immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Renyong Jia,
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26
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Luoqian J, Yang W, Ding X, Tuo QZ, Xiang Z, Zheng Z, Guo YJ, Li L, Guan P, Ayton S, Dong B, Zhang H, Hu H, Lei P. Ferroptosis promotes T-cell activation-induced neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:913-924. [PMID: 35676325 PMCID: PMC9338013 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While many drugs are effective at reducing the relapse frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is an unmet need for treatments that slow neurodegeneration resulting from secondary disease progression. The mechanism of neurodegeneration in MS has not yet been established. Here, we discovered a potential pathogenetic role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death mechanism, in MS. We found that critical ferroptosis proteins (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, ACSL4) were altered in an existing genomic database of MS patients, and biochemical features of ferroptosis, including lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial shrinkage, were observed in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model. Targeting ferroptosis with ferroptosis inhibitors or reducing ACSL4 expression improved the behavioral phenotypes of EAE mice, reduced neuroinflammation, and prevented neuronal death. We found that ferroptosis was an early event in EAE, which may promote T-cell activation through T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that ferroptosis may be a potential target for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Luoqian
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xulong Ding
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoyue Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Burger F, Baptista D, Roth A, Brandt KJ, Miteva K. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Peli1 Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132014. [PMID: 35805095 PMCID: PMC9265341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the main cause of death and morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitination plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including control of vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function and atherosclerotic plaque stability. Peli1 a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase has emerged as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, however, its role in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Methods: Apoe−/− mice and Peli1-deficient Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice were subject to high cholesterol diet. Post sacrifice, serum was collected, and atherosclerotic plaque size and parameters of atherosclerotic plaque stability were evaluated. Immunoprofiling and foam cell quantification were performed. Results: Peli1 deficiency does not affect atherosclerosis lesion burden and cholesterol levels, but promotes VSMCs foam cells formation, necrotic core expansion, collagen, and fibrous cap reduction. Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice exhibit a storm of inflammatory cytokines, expansion of Th1, Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells, a decrease in regulatory T and B cells and induction of pro-atherogenic serum level of IgG2a and IgE. Conclusions: In the present study, we uncover a crucial role for Peli1 in atherosclerosis as an important regulator of inflammation and VSMCs phenotypic modulation and subsequently atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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Chen F, Chen L, Li Y, Sang H, Zhang C, Yuan S, Yang J. TRAF3 Positively Regulates Host Innate Immune Resistance to Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:839625. [PMID: 35573779 PMCID: PMC9093644 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.839625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is one of the intracellular adaptor proteins for the innate immune response, which is involved in signaling regulation in various cellular processes, including the immune responses defending against invading pathogens. However, the defense mechanism of TRAF3 against influenza virus infection remains elusive. In this study, we found that TRAF3 could positively regulate innate antiviral response. Overexpression of TRAF3 significantly enhanced virus-induced IRF3 activation, IFN-β production, and antiviral response, while TRAF3 knockdown promoted influenza A virus replication. Moreover, we clarified that inhibiting ubiquitinated degradation of TRAF3 was associated with anti-influenza effect, thereby facilitating antiviral immunity upon influenza A virus infection. We further demonstrated the key domains of TRAF3 involved in anti-influenza effect. Taken together, these results suggested that TRAF3 performs a vital role in host defense against influenza A virus infection by the type-I IFN signaling pathway. Our findings provide insights into the development of drugs to prevent TRAF3 degradation, which could be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Chen
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liurong Chen
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Sang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Yang,
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Vazquez C, Jurado KA. Neurotropic RNA Virus Modulation of Immune Responses within the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074018. [PMID: 35409387 PMCID: PMC8999457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) necessitates intricately coordinated immune responses to prevent neurological disease. However, the emergence of viruses capable of entering the CNS and infecting neurons threatens this delicate balance. Our CNS is protected from foreign invaders and excess solutes by a semipermeable barrier of endothelial cells called the blood–brain barrier. Thereby, viruses have implemented several strategies to bypass this protective layer and modulate immune responses within the CNS. In this review, we outline these immune regulatory mechanisms and provide perspectives on future questions in this rapidly expanding field.
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Rosmus DD, Lange C, Ludwig F, Ajami B, Wieghofer P. The Role of Osteopontin in Microglia Biology: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040840. [PMID: 35453590 PMCID: PMC9027630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune landscape of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and the retina, consists of different myeloid cell populations with distinct tasks to fulfill. Whereas the CNS borders harbor extraparenchymal CNS-associated macrophages whose main duty is to build up a defense against invading pathogens and other damaging factors from the periphery, the resident immune cells of the CNS parenchyma and the retina, microglia, are highly dynamic cells with a plethora of functions during homeostasis and disease. Therefore, microglia are constantly sensing their environment and closely interacting with surrounding cells, which is in part mediated by soluble factors. One of these factors is Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein that is produced by different cell types in the CNS, including microglia, and is upregulated in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review, we discuss the current literature about the interaction between microglia and OPN in homeostasis and several disease entities, including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular diseases (AD, CVD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), in the context of the molecular pathways involved in OPN signaling shaping the function of microglia. As nearly all CNS diseases are characterized by pathological alterations in microglial cells, accompanied by the disturbance of the homeostatic microglia phenotype, the emergence of disease-associated microglia (DAM) states and their interplay with factors shaping the DAM-signature, such as OPN, is of great interest for therapeutical interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska Ludwig
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Bahareh Ajami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Peter Wieghofer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Cellular Neuroanatomy, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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miR-590-5p Overexpression Alleviates β-Amyloid-Induced Neuron Damage via Targeting Pellino-1. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:7657995. [PMID: 35310934 PMCID: PMC8924595 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7657995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one common degenerative disorder. However, the effects of miR-590-5p on AD and the mechanism on modulation of AD development were unclear. In this study, the miR-590-5p level in AD patients at mild, moderate, and severe stage as well as APP/PS1 transgenic mice was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship of miR-590-5p and pellino-1 (PELI1) was identified by double luciferase reporter gene assay. Afterwards, both BV-2 and HT22 cells were exposed to β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides to mimic AD cell model. Then, the roles of miR-590-5p upregulation or PELI1 silence in cell proliferation and apoptosis were explored by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Furthermore, the involvements of the downstream Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway with the roles of miR-590-5p in AD were measured by western blotting. Our results showed that knockdown of miR-590-5p was found in AD patients, mice model, and Aβ-induced cell model. Notably, PELI1 was proved as a target gene of miR-590-5p. miR-590-5p mimic or PELI1 silence significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, as well as suppressed the activation of Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway both in Aβ-induced BV-2 and HT22 cells. The effects of PELI1 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway were partly abrogated by miR-590-5p mimic both in BV-2 and HT22 cells. In conclusion, miR-590-5p was expressed at lower levels in AD, and miR-590-5p/PELI1 axis might be involved in the progression of AD by the downstream Traf3/MAPK P38 pathway.
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Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Functions of cIAP1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020322. [PMID: 35204822 PMCID: PMC8869227 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) is a cell signaling regulator of the IAP family. Through its E3-ubiquitine ligase activity, it has the ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways, modify signal transduction pathways by changing protein-protein interaction networks, and stop signal transduction by promoting the degradation of critical components of signaling pathways. Thus, cIAP1 appears to be a potent determinant of the response of cells, enabling their rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions or intra- or extracellular stresses. It is expressed in almost all tissues, found in the cytoplasm, membrane and/or nucleus of cells. cIAP1 regulates innate immunity by controlling signaling pathways mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRs), some cytokine receptors and pattern recognition-receptors (PRRs). Although less documented, cIAP1 has also been involved in the regulation of cell migration and in the control of transcriptional programs.
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Zhang E, Li X. The Emerging Roles of Pellino Family in Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728794. [PMID: 35197966 PMCID: PMC8860249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pellino family is a novel and well-conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase family and consists of Pellino1, Pellino2, and Pellino3. Each family member exhibits a highly conserved structure providing ubiquitin ligase activity without abrogating cell and structure-specific function. In this review, we mainly summarized the crucial roles of the Pellino family in pattern recognition receptor-related signaling pathways: IL-1R signaling, Toll-like signaling, NOD-like signaling, T-cell and B-cell signaling, and cell death-related TNFR signaling. We also summarized the current information of the Pellino family in tumorigenesis, microRNAs, and other phenotypes. Finally, we discussed the outstanding questions of the Pellino family in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li,
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34
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Pradeep SR, Ukani G, Abunnaja S, Youssef M, Accorsi D, Swaminathan S, Lim ST, Parker V, Campbell J, Rishi MT, Palesty JA, Maulik N. Gene therapy with Pellino-1 improves perfusion and decreases tissue loss in Flk-1 heterozygous mice but fails in MAPKAP Kinase-2 knockout murine hind limb ischemia model. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104311. [PMID: 34999110 PMCID: PMC9250804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, over 8.5 million people suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Previously we reported that Pellino-1(Peli1) gene therapy reduces ischemic damage in the myocardium and skin flaps in Flk-1 [Fetal Liver kinase receptor-1 (Flk-1)/ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/VEGFR2] heterozygous (Flk-1+/-) mice. The present study compares the angiogenic response and perfusion efficiency following hind limb ischemia (HLI) in, Flk-1+/- and, MAPKAPKINASE2 (MK2-/-) knockout (KO) mice to their control wild type (WT). We also demonstrated the use of Peli1 gene therapy to improve loss of function following HLI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Femoral artery ligation (HLI) was performed in both Flk-1+/-and MK2-/-mice along with their corresponding WT. Another set of Flk-1+/- and MK2-/- were injected with either Adeno-LacZ (Ad.LacZ) or Adeno-Peli1 (Ad.Peli1) after HLI. Hind limb perfusion was assessed by laser doppler imaging at specific time points. A standardized scoring scale is used to quantify the extent of ischemia. Histology analysis performed includes capillary density, fibrosis, pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic proteins. RESULTS Flk-1+/- and MK2-/- had a slower recovery of perfusion efficiency in the ischemic limbs than controls. Both Flk-1+/-and MK2-/-KO mice showed decreased capillary density and capillary myocyte ratios with increased fibrosis than their corresponding wild types. Ad.Peli1 injected ischemic Flk-1+/- limb showed improved perfusion, increased capillary density, and pro-angiogenic molecules with reduced fibrosis compared to Ad.LacZ group. No significant improvement in perfusion was observed in MK2-/- ischemic limb after Ad. Peli1 injection. CONCLUSION Deletion of Flk-1 and MK2 impairs neovascularization and perfusion following HLI. Treatment with Ad. Peli1 results in increased angiogenesis and improved perfusion in Flk-1+/- mice but fails to rectify perfusion in MK2 KO mice. Overall, Peli1 gene therapy is a promising candidate for the treatment of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Seetur R Pradeep
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Gopi Ukani
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Salim Abunnaja
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Mark Youssef
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Diego Accorsi
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Santosh Swaminathan
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Sue Ting Lim
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Virginia Parker
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Jacob Campbell
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Muhammad Tipu Rishi
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - J Alexander Palesty
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA.
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TLR Signaling in Brain Immunity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:213-237. [PMID: 34761292 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a group of transmembrane proteins with crucial roles in pathogen recognition, immune responses, and signal transduction. This family represented the first line of immune homeostasis in an evolutionarily conserved manner. Extensive researches in the past two decades had emphasized their structural and functional characteristics under both healthy and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of TLR signaling in the central nervous system (CNS), which had been viewed as a previously "immune-privileged" but now "immune-specialized" area, with major implications for further investigation of pathological nature as well as potential therapeutic manipulation of TLR signaling in various neurological disorders.
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37
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Dai D, Zhou H, Yin L, Ye F, Yuan X, You T, Zhao X, Long W, Wang D, He X, Feng J, Chen D. PELI1 promotes radiotherapy sensitivity by inhibiting noncanonical NF-κB in esophageal squamous cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1384-1401. [PMID: 34738714 PMCID: PMC8936515 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The low sensitivity of radiotherapy is the main cause of tumor tolerance against ionizing radiation (IR). However, the molecular mechanisms by which radiosensitivity is controlled remain elusive. Here, we observed that high expression of pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (PELI1) was correlated with improved prognosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma stage III patients that received adjuvant radiotherapy. Moreover, we found PELI1‐mediated IR‐induced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, PELI1 mediated the lysine 48 (Lys48)–linked polyubiquitination and degradation of NF‐κB–inducing kinase (NIK; also known as MAP3K14), the master kinase of the noncanonical NF‐κB pathway, thereby inhibiting IR‐induced activation of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway during radiotherapy. As a consequence, PELI1 inhibited the noncanonical NF‐κB–induced expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene BCL2 like 1 (Bclxl; also known as BCL2L1), leading to an enhancement of the IR‐induced apoptosis signaling pathway and ultimately promoting IR‐induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Therefore, Bclxl or NIK knockdown abolished the apoptosis‐resistant effect in PELI1‐knockdown tumor cells after radiotherapy. These findings establish PELI1 as a critical tumor intrinsic regulator in controlling the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy through modulating IR‐induced noncanonical NF‐κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Dai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tao You
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiguo Long
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Oleszycka E, Rodgers AM, Xu L, Moynagh PN. Dendritic Cell-Specific Role for Pellino2 as a Mediator of TLR9 Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2325-2336. [PMID: 34588221 PMCID: PMC8525870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates immune signaling, and multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been studied in the context of their role in immunity. Despite this progress, the physiological roles of the Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially Pellino2, in immune regulation remain largely unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the role of Pellino2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we reveal a critical role of Pellino2 in regulation of the proinflammatory response following TLR9 stimulation. Pellino2-deficient murine DCs show impaired secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. Loss of Pellino2 does not affect TLR9-induced activation of NF-κB or MAPKs, pathways that drive expression of IL-6 and IL-12. Furthermore, DCs from Pellino2-deficient mice show impaired production of type I IFN following endosomal TLR9 activation, and it partly mediates a feed-forward loop of IFN-β that promotes IL-12 production in DCs. We also observe that Pellino2 in murine DCs is downregulated following TLR9 stimulation, and its overexpression induces upregulation of both IFN-β and IL-12, demonstrating the sufficiency of Pellino2 in driving these responses. This suggests that Pellino2 is critical for executing TLR9 signaling, with its expression being tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory response. Overall, this study highlights a (to our knowledge) novel role for Pellino2 in regulating DC functions and further supports important roles for Pellino proteins in mediating and controlling immunity. Pellino2 mediates TLR9-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells. Pellino2 does not play a role in TLR9 signaling in macrophages. Pellino2 is a limiting factor for TLR9 signaling in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and .,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Gern OL, Mulenge F, Pavlou A, Ghita L, Steffen I, Stangel M, Kalinke U. Toll-like Receptors in Viral Encephalitis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102065. [PMID: 34696494 PMCID: PMC8540543 DOI: 10.3390/v13102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral encephalitis is a rare but serious syndrome. In addition to DNA-encoded herpes viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, RNA-encoded viruses from the families of Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Paramyxoviridae are important neurotropic viruses. Whereas in the periphery, the role of Toll-like receptors (TLR) during immune stimulation is well understood, TLR functions within the CNS are less clear. On one hand, TLRs can affect the physiology of neurons during neuronal progenitor cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth, whereas under conditions of infection, the complex interplay between TLR stimulated neurons, astrocytes and microglia is just on the verge of being understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about which TLRs are expressed by cell subsets of the CNS. Furthermore, we specifically highlight functional implications of TLR stimulation in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. After briefly illuminating some examples of viral evasion strategies from TLR signaling, we report on the current knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies in TLR signaling and their consequences for viral encephalitis. Finally, we provide an outlook with examples of TLR agonist mediated intervention strategies and potentiation of vaccine responses against neurotropic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luise Gern
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Felix Mulenge
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Ghita
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Imke Steffen
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Martin Stangel
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.); (L.G.); (U.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence—Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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40
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Wu S, Yin Y, Du L. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2571-2591. [PMID: 34637015 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depression represents a complex and prevalent psychological disease that is characterized by persistent depressed mood, impaired cognitive function and complicated pathophysiological and neuroendocrine alterations. Despite the multifactorial etiology of depression, one of the most recent factors to be identified as playing a critical role in the development of depression is blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The occurrence of BBB integrity disruption contributes to the disturbance of brain homeostasis and leads to complications of neurological diseases, such as stroke, chronic neurodegenerative disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, BBB associated tight junction disruption has been shown to implicate in the pathophysiology of depression and contribute to increased susceptibility to depression. However, the underlying mechanisms and importance of BBB damage in depression remains largely unknown. This review highlights how BBB disruption regulates the depression process and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in development of depression-induced BBB dysfunction. Moreover, insight on promising therapeutic targets for treatment of depression with associated BBB dysfunctions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Jie Z, Ko CJ, Wang H, Xie X, Li Y, Gu M, Zhu L, Yang JY, Gao T, Ru W, Tang SJ, Cheng X, Sun SC. Microglia promote autoimmune inflammation via the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0609. [PMID: 34516909 PMCID: PMC8442891 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have been implicated in neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We demonstrate that microglia mediate EAE disease progression via a mechanism relying on the noncanonical nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) pathway. Microglia-specific deletion of the noncanonical NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) impairs EAE disease progression. Although microglial NIK is dispensable for the initial phase of T cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) and EAE disease onset, it is critical for the subsequent CNS recruitment of inflammatory T cells and monocytes. Our data suggest that following their initial CNS infiltration, T cells activate the microglial noncanonical NF-κB pathway, which synergizes with the T cell-derived cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to induce expression of chemokines involved in the second-wave of T cell recruitment and disease progression. These findings highlight a mechanism of microglial function that is dependent on NIK signaling and required for EAE disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Jung Ko
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Lele Zhu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Ru
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Corresponding author.
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The ubiquitin ligase Peli1 inhibits ICOS and thereby Tfh-mediated immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:969-978. [PMID: 33707688 PMCID: PMC8115645 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial for regulating autoimmune inflammation and protective immunity against viral infection. However, the molecular mechanism controlling Tfh cell differentiation is poorly understood. Here, through two mixed bone marrow chimeric experiments, we identified Peli1, a T cell-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase, as an intrinsic regulator that inhibits Tfh cell differentiation. Peli1 deficiency significantly promoted c-Rel-mediated inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) expression, and PELI1 mRNA expression was negatively associated with ICOS expression on human CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, increased ICOS expression on Peli1-KO CD4+ T cells enhanced the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling and thus suppressed the expression of Klf2, a transcription factor that inhibits Tfh differentiation. Therefore, reconstitution of Klf2 abolished the differences in Tfh differentiation and germinal center reaction between WT and Peli1-KO cells. As a consequence, Peli1-deficient CD4+ T cells promoted lupus-like autoimmunity but protected against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mouse models. Collectively, our findings established Peli1 as a critical negative regulator of Tfh differentiation and indicated that targeting Peli1 may have beneficial therapeutic effects in Tfh-related autoimmunity or infectious diseases.
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Gao P, Ma X, Yuan M, Yi Y, Liu G, Wen M, Jiang W, Ji R, Zhu L, Tang Z, Yu Q, Xu J, Yang R, Xia S, Yang M, Pan J, Yuan H, An H. E3 ligase Nedd4l promotes antiviral innate immunity by catalyzing K29-linked cysteine ubiquitination of TRAF3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1194. [PMID: 33608556 PMCID: PMC7895832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most prevalent protein posttranslational modifications. Here, we show that E3 ligase Nedd4l positively regulates antiviral immunity by catalyzing K29-linked cysteine ubiquitination of TRAF3. Deficiency of Nedd4l significantly impairs type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. Nedd4l deficiency inhibits virus-induced ubiquitination of TRAF3, the binding between TRAF3 and TBK1, and subsequent phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. Nedd4l directly interacts with TRAF3 and catalyzes K29-linked ubiquitination of Cys56 and Cys124, two cysteines that constitute zinc fingers, resulting in enhanced association between TRAF3 and E3 ligases, cIAP1/2 and HECTD3, and also increased K48/K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF3. Mutation of Cys56 and Cys124 diminishes Nedd4l-catalyzed K29-linked ubiquitination, but enhances association between TRAF3 and the E3 ligases, supporting Nedd4l promotes type I interferon production in response to virus by catalyzing ubiquitination of the cysteines in TRAF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianwei Ma
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Immunology Department & National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yulan Yi
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoke Liu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingyue Wen
- Immunology Department & National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruihua Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lingxi Zhu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingzhuo Yu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- Immunology Department & National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Huazhang An
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Li Y, Tan W, Ye F, Wen S, Hu R, Cai X, Wang K, Wang Z. Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: data from a microarray data analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520921671. [PMID: 32367757 PMCID: PMC7222654 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520921671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to
discover key genes and microRNAs related to stroke risk in patients with AF
using bioinformatics analysis. Methods GSE66724 microarray data, including peripheral blood samples from eight
patients with AF and stroke and eight patients with AF without stroke, were
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) between AF patients with and without stroke were
identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis was
performed using the DAVID database. A protein–protein interaction (PPI)
network was obtained using the STRING database. MicroRNAs (miRs) targeting
these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A miR–DEG network was
constructed using Cytoscape software. Results We identified 165 DEGs (141 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Enrichment
analysis showed enrichment of certain inflammatory processes. The miR–DEG
network revealed key genes, including MEF2A,
CAND1, PELI1, and
PDCD4, and microRNAs, including miR-1, miR-1-3p,
miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-192, miR-192-5p, miR-155, and miR-155-5p. Conclusion Dysregulation of certain genes and microRNAs involved in inflammation may be
associated with a higher risk of stroke in patients with AF. Evaluating
these biomarkers could improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of
stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chhatbar C, Prinz M. The roles of microglia in viral encephalitis: from sensome to therapeutic targeting. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:250-258. [PMID: 33437050 PMCID: PMC7802409 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral encephalitis is a devastating disease with high mortality, and survivors often suffer from severe neurological complications. Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma whose turnover is reliant on local proliferation. Microglia express a diverse range of proteins, which allows them to continuously sense the environment and quickly react to changes. Under inflammatory conditions such as CNS viral infection, microglia promote innate and adaptive immune responses to protect the host. However, during viral infection, a dysregulated microglia-T-cell interplay may result in altered phagocytosis of neuronal synapses by microglia that causes neurocognitive impairment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of microglia in viral encephalitis, propose questions to be answered in the future and suggest possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Chhatbar
- grid.5963.9Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- grid.5963.9Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Guo M, Wang J, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Han S, Dong Q, Cui M, Tieu K. Microglial exosomes facilitate α-synuclein transmission in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2020; 143:1476-1497. [PMID: 32355963 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of neuronal α-synuclein is a prominent feature in Parkinson's disease. More recently, such abnormal protein aggregation has been reported to spread from cell to cell and exosomes are considered as important mediators. The focus of such research, however, has been primarily in neurons. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of non-cell autonomous-mediated neurotoxicity, it is critical to investigate the contribution of glia to α-synuclein aggregation and spread. Microglia are the primary phagocytes in the brain and have been well-documented as inducers of neuroinflammation. How and to what extent microglia and their exosomes impact α-synuclein pathology has not been well delineated. We report here that when treated with human α-synuclein preformed fibrils, exosomes containing α-synuclein released by microglia are fully capable of inducing protein aggregation in the recipient neurons. Additionally, when combined with microglial proinflammatory cytokines, these exosomes further increased protein aggregation in neurons. Inhibition of exosome synthesis in microglia reduced α-synuclein transmission. The in vivo significance of these exosomes was demonstrated by stereotaxic injection of exosomes isolated from α-synuclein preformed fibrils treated microglia into the mouse striatum. Phosphorylated α-synuclein was observed in multiple brain regions consistent with their neuronal connectivity. These animals also exhibited neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway in a time-dependent manner. Depleting microglia in vivo dramatically suppressed the transmission of α-synuclein after stereotaxic injection of preformed fibrils. Mechanistically, we report here that α-synuclein preformed fibrils impaired autophagy flux by upregulating PELI1, which in turn, resulted in degradation of LAMP2 in activated microglia. More importantly, by purifying microglia/macrophage derived exosomes in the CSF of Parkinson's disease patients, we confirmed the presence of α-synuclein oligomer in CD11b+ exosomes, which were able to induce α-synuclein aggregation in neurons, further supporting the translational aspect of this study. Taken together, our study supports the view that microglial exosomes contribute to the progression of α-synuclein pathology and therefore, they may serve as a promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sida Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Peli1 impairs microglial Aβ phagocytosis through promoting C/EBPβ degradation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000837. [PMID: 33017390 PMCID: PMC7561136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, the molecular mechanism controlling microglial Aβ phagocytosis is poorly understood. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 (Peli1) is induced in the microglia of AD-like five familial AD (5×FAD) mice, whose phagocytic efficiency for Aβ was then impaired, and therefore Peli1 depletion suppressed the Aβ deposition in the brains of 5×FAD mice. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that Peli1 directly targeted CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β, a major transcription factor responsible for the transcription of scavenger receptor CD36. Peli1 functioned as a direct E3 ubiquitin ligase of C/EBPβ and mediated its ubiquitination-induced degradation. Consequently, loss of Peli1 increased the protein levels of C/EBPβ and the expression of CD36 and thus, promoted the phagocytic ability in microglial cells. Together, our findings established Peli1 as a critical regulator of microglial phagocytosis and highlighted the therapeutic potential by targeting Peli1 for the treatment of microglia-mediated neurological diseases. This study identifies Peli1, an E3 ubiqitin ligase enriched in microglia, as a restraining factor that curtails microglial phagocytosis of the amyloid Aβ. Correspondingly, deletion of Peli1 enhances Aβ phagocytosis and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease, implicating Peli1 as a therapeutic target with significant potential for the treatment of microglia-mediated neurological disease.
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Yang T, Zang S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Jiang L, Chen X, Zhang X, Cheng J, Gao R, Xiao H, Wang J. Methamphetamine induced neuroinflammation in mouse brain and microglial cell line BV2: Roles of the TLR4/TRIF/Peli1 signaling axis. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Rastogi M, Singh SK. Japanese Encephalitis Virus exploits microRNA-155 to suppress the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in human microglial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194639. [PMID: 32987149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a single positive strand RNA virus, belongs to the Flaviviridae family. JEV is neurotropic in nature which accounts for 30-50% neurological, psychiatric sequelae and movement disorder, with 20-30% case fatality rate among children or elder population. JEV causes neuronal loss and microglial activation which leads to neuroinflammation. The microRNAs are the molecular switches, which regulate the gene expression post-transcriptionally. The microRNA-155 has been reported to be associated with CNS-related pathologies like, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the present study, we infected microglial cells with JEV, which resulted in the up-regulation of microRNA-155; quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene target prediction databases revealed pellino 1 as a putative gene target for microRNA-155. The over-expression based studies of microRNA-155 mimics, scrambles, inhibitors, and cy3 negative control demonstrated the role of PELI1 in the regulation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway via TRAF3. The luciferase assay showed the regulation of NF-κB promoter via microRNA-155 in JEV infected microglial cells. The suppression of NF-κB in JEV infected microglial cells led to the reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. JEV exploits cellular microRNA-155 to suppress the expression of PELI1 in human microglial cells as a part of their immune evasion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Rastogi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
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