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Han X, Yang Q, Lu Y, Xu M, Tao Q, Jiang S, He X, Bai Y, Zhang T, Bai L, Hu J, Zhu Y, Liu H, Li L. Genome-wide association study reveals the candidate genes of humerus quality in laying duck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103851. [PMID: 38806002 PMCID: PMC11154710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone plays a crucial role in poultry's health and production. However, during the selection and cage farming, there has been a decline in bone quality. As the development of breeding theory, researchers find that it's possible to enhance bone quality through selective breeding.This study measure 8 humerus quality in 260 samples of the 350-day-old female duck. By descripting the basic characteristic traits, mechanical property traits we found that all the bone quality traits had a large variable coefficient, especially mechanical properties trait (20-70%), indicating that there was a large difference in bone health status among laying ducks. The phenotypic correlations showed a high correlation between weight and density, diameter and perimeter, breaking and toughness (r = 0.52-0.68). And then, we performed the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal the candidate genes of humerus quality in ducks. Seven candidate protein-coding genes were identified with perimeter trait, and 52 protein-coding genes were associated with toughness trait. We also analysed the candidate region and performed KEGG and GO analyse for 75 candidate genes. Furthermore, the expression analyse of the above candidate genes in different stage of humerus and different tissues were performed. Finally, AP2A2, SMAD3, SMNDC1, NFIA, EPHB2, PMEPA1, UNC5C, ESR1, VAV3, NFATC2 deserve further focus. The obtained results can contribute to new insight into bone quality and provide new genetic biomarkers for application in duck breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yinjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mengru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuaixue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - HeHe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:264-272. [PMID: 38297158 PMCID: PMC10907717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Xie X, Cheng P, Hu L, Zhou W, Zhang D, Knoedler S, Liu G, Xiong Y, Xue H, Hu Y, Kern B, Obed D, Panayi AC, Chen L, Yan C, Lin Z, Dai G, Mi B, Zhang Y, Liu G. Bone-targeting engineered small extracellular vesicles carrying anti-miR-6359-CGGGAGC prevent valproic acid-induced bone loss. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:24. [PMID: 38246920 PMCID: PMC10800355 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical role and underlying mechanisms of valproic acid (VPA) on bone homeostasis remain controversial. Herein, we confirmed that VPA treatment was associated with decreased bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in both patients and mice. This effect was attributed to VPA-induced elevation in osteoclast formation and activity. Through RNA-sequencing, we observed a significant rise in precursor miR-6359 expression in VPA-treated osteoclast precursors in vitro, and further, a marked upregulation of mature miR-6359 (miR-6359) in vivo was demonstrated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and miR-6359 fluorescent in situ hybridization (miR-6359-FISH). Specifically, the miR-6359 was predominantly increased in osteoclast precursors and macrophages but not in neutrophils, T lymphocytes, monocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following VPA stimulation, which influenced osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorptive activity. Additionally, VPA-induced miR-6359 enrichment in osteoclast precursors enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by silencing the SIRT3 protein expression, followed by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, which enhanced osteoclast formation and activity, thereby accelerating bone loss. Currently, there are no medications that can effectively treat VPA-induced bone loss. Therefore, we constructed engineered small extracellular vesicles (E-sEVs) targeting osteoclast precursors in bone and naturally carrying anti-miR-6359 by introducing of EXOmotif (CGGGAGC) in the 3'-end of the anti-miR-6359 sequence. We confirmed that the E-sEVs exhibited decent bone/osteoclast precursor targeting and exerted protective therapeutic effects on VPA-induced bone loss, but not on ovariectomy (OVX) and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic models, deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanism and treatment strategies for VPA-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liangcong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Detai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guodong Liu
- Medical Center of Trauma and War Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chonqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte|Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doha Obed
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guandong Dai
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Kempf K, Capello Y, Melhem R, Lescoat C, Kempf O, Cornu A, Fremaux I, Chaignepain S, Groppi A, Nikolski M, Deffieux D, Génot E, Quideau S. Systemic Convergent Multitarget Interactions of Plant Polyphenols Revealed by Affinity-Based Protein Profiling of Bone Cells Using C-Glucosidic Vescal(ag)in-Bearing Chemoproteomic Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2495-2505. [PMID: 37948120 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The ellagitannins vescalagin and vescalin, known as actin-dependent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption, were mounted onto chemical probes to explore their interactions with bone cell proteins by means of affinity-based chemoproteomics and bioinformatics. The chemical reactivity of the pyrogallol units of these polyphenols toward oxidation into electrophilic ortho-quinones was exploited using NaIO4 to promote the covalent capture of target proteins, notably those expressed at lower abundance and those interacting with polyphenols at low-to-moderate levels of affinity. Different assays revealed the multitarget nature of both ellagitannins, with 100-370 statistically significant proteins captured by their corresponding probes. A much higher number of proteins were captured from osteoclasts than from osteoblasts. Bioinformatic analyses unveiled a preference for the capture of proteins having phosphorylated ligands and GTPase regulators and enabled the identification of 33 potential target proteins with systemic relevance to osteoclast differentiation and activity, as well as to the regulation of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kempf
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
- Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), E.-C.-Baumann-Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Yoan Capello
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
| | - Rana Melhem
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Claire Lescoat
- Univ. Bordeaux, IBGC (CNRS-UMR 5095), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | - Oxana Kempf
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Fremaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN (CNRS-UMR 5248), Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Groppi
- Univ. Bordeaux, IBGC (CNRS-UMR 5095), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- Univ. Bordeaux, IBGC (CNRS-UMR 5095), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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5
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Anwar A, Sapra L, Gupta N, Ojha RP, Verma B, Srivastava RK. Fine-tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Anwar
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Navita Gupta
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rudra P Ojha
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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6
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Rashid S, Wilson SG, Zhu K, Walsh JP, Xu J, Mullin BH. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Osteoclastogenesis Using RNA-seq. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040916. [PMID: 37107674 PMCID: PMC10137460 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and can be exacerbated by the excessive bone resorption of osteoclasts (OCs). Bioinformatic methods, including functional enrichment and network analysis, can provide information about the underlying molecular mechanisms that participate in the progression of osteoporosis. In this study, we harvested human OC-like cells differentiated in culture and their precursor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterised the transcriptome of the two cell types using RNA-sequencing in order to identify differentially expressed genes. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in RStudio using the edgeR package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify enriched GO terms and signalling pathways, with inter-connected regions characterised using protein-protein interaction analysis. In this study, we identified 3201 differentially expressed genes using a 5% false discovery rate; 1834 genes were upregulated, whereas 1367 genes were downregulated. We confirmed a significant upregulation of several well-established OC genes including CTSK, DCSTAMP, ACP5, MMP9, ITGB3, and ATP6V0D2. The GO analysis suggested that upregulated genes are involved in cell division, cell migration, and cell adhesion, while the KEGG pathway analysis highlighted oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, lysosome, and focal adhesion pathways. This study provides new information about changes in gene expression and highlights key biological pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rashid
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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7
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Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, Li YY, Chen MN, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Zhang KW, Chen WW, Tian F, Ye JX, Li X, Yuan FL. Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101842. [PMID: 36621647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, bone tissue undergoes significant alterations in composition, architecture, and metabolic functions, probably causing senile osteoporosis. Osteoporosis possess the vast majority of bone disease and associates with a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bone loss is on account of the disorder in osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. As a unique bone resorptive cell type, mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts exhibit dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures called podosomes that participate in cell-matrix adhesions specialized in the degradation of mineralized bone matrix. Podosomes share many of the same molecular constitutions as focal adhesions, but they have a unique structural organization, with a central core abundant in F-actin and encircled by scaffolding proteins, kinases and integrins. Here, we conclude recent advancements in our knowledge of the architecture and the functions of podosomes. We also discuss the regulatory pathways in osteoclast podosomes, providing a reference for future research on the podosomes of osteoclasts and considering podosomes as a therapeutic target for inhibiting bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Tian
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xing Ye
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Engelmann J, Zarrer J, Gensch V, Riecken K, Berenbrok N, Luu TV, Beitzen-Heineke A, Vargas-Delgado ME, Pantel K, Bokemeyer C, Bhamidipati S, Darwish IS, Masuda E, Burstyn-Cohen T, Alberto EJ, Ghosh S, Rothlin C, Hesse E, Taipaleenmäki H, Ben-Batalla I, Loges S. Regulation of bone homeostasis by MERTK and TYRO3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7689. [PMID: 36509738 PMCID: PMC9744875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine equilibrium of bone homeostasis is maintained by bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Here, we show that TAM receptors MERTK and TYRO3 exert reciprocal effects in osteoblast biology: Osteoblast-targeted deletion of MERTK promotes increased bone mass in healthy mice and mice with cancer-induced bone loss, whereas knockout of TYRO3 in osteoblasts shows the opposite phenotype. Functionally, the interaction of MERTK with its ligand PROS1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via inducing the VAV2-RHOA-ROCK axis leading to increased cell contractility and motility while TYRO3 antagonizes this effect. Consequently, pharmacologic MERTK blockade by the small molecule inhibitor R992 increases osteoblast numbers and bone formation in mice. Furthermore, R992 counteracts cancer-induced bone loss, reduces bone metastasis and prolongs survival in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, breast- and lung cancer. In summary, MERTK and TYRO3 represent potent regulators of bone homeostasis with cell-type specific functions and MERTK blockade represents an osteoanabolic therapy with implications in cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Engelmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zarrer
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victoria Gensch
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berenbrok
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - The Vinh Luu
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Beitzen-Heineke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Vargas-Delgado
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ihab S Darwish
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esteban Masuda
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tal Burstyn-Cohen
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute for Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emily J Alberto
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carla Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabel Ben-Batalla
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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9
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Jun KR, Gupta V, Shastri P, de la Fuente A, Park Y, Shin KC, Kim CA, da Cruz AD, Pinto IP, Minasi LB, Silva da Cruz A, Faivre L, Callier P, Racine C, Layman LC, Kong IK, Kim CH, Kim WY, Kim HG. A rigorous in silico genomic interrogation at 1p13.3 reveals 16 autosomal dominant candidate genes in syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:979061. [PMID: 36277487 PMCID: PMC9582330 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.979061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide chromosomal microarray is extensively used to detect copy number variations (CNVs), which can diagnose microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. These small unbalanced chromosomal structural rearrangements ranging from 1 kb to 10 Mb comprise up to 15% of human mutations leading to monogenic or contiguous genomic disorders. Albeit rare, CNVs at 1p13.3 cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including development delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism, epilepsy, and craniofacial anomalies (CFA). Most of the 1p13.3 CNV cases reported in the pre-microarray era encompassed a large number of genes and lacked the demarcating genomic coordinates, hampering the discovery of positional candidate genes within the boundaries. In this study, we present four subjects with 1p13.3 microdeletions displaying DD, ID, autism, epilepsy, and CFA. In silico comparative genomic mapping with three previously reported subjects with CNVs and 22 unreported DECIPHER CNV cases has resulted in the identification of four different sub-genomic loci harboring five positional candidate genes for DD, ID, and CFA at 1p13.3. Most of these genes have pathogenic variants reported, and their interacting genes are involved in NDDs. RT-qPCR in various human tissues revealed a high expression pattern in the brain and fetal brain, supporting their functional roles in NDDs. Interrogation of variant databases and interacting protein partners led to the identification of another set of 11 potential candidate genes, which might have been dysregulated by the position effect of these CNVs at 1p13.3. Our studies define 1p13.3 as a genomic region harboring 16 NDD candidate genes and underscore the critical roles of small CNVs in in silico comparative genomic mapping for disease gene discovery. Our candidate genes will help accelerate the isolation of pathogenic heterozygous variants from exome/genome sequencing (ES/GS) databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyung Ran Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pinang Shastri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança – Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Irene Plaza Pinto
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lysa Bernardes Minasi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alex Silva da Cruz
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Genetics Master Program, Replicon Research Nucleus, School of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD, Genetics of Developmental Disorders, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d’Enfants, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Hyung-Goo Kim,
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10
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Matsubara T, Yasuda K, Mizuta K, Kawaue H, Kokabu S. Tyrosine Kinase Src Is a Regulatory Factor of Bone Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105508. [PMID: 35628319 PMCID: PMC9146043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, which resorb the bone, and osteoblasts, which form the bone, are the key cells regulating bone homeostasis. Osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases occur when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is increased and bone formation by osteoblasts is decreased. Analyses of tyrosine kinase Src-knockout mice revealed that Src is essential for bone resorption by osteoclasts and suppresses bone formation by osteoblasts. Src-knockout mice exhibit osteopetrosis. Therefore, Src is a potential target for osteoporosis therapy. However, Src is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and is involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, growth, and migration. Thus, it is challenging to develop effective osteoporosis therapies targeting Src. To solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of Src function in the bone. Src expression and catalytic activity are maintained at high levels in osteoclasts. The high activity of Src is essential for the attachment of osteoclasts to the bone matrix and to resorb the bone by regulating actin-related molecules. Src also inhibits the activity of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, suppressing bone formation in osteoblasts. In this paper, we introduce the molecular mechanisms of Src in osteoclasts and osteoblasts to explore its potential for bone metabolic disease therapy.
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11
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Park HJ, Park JN, Yoon SY, Yu R, Suh JH, Choi HS. Morin Disrupts Cytoskeleton Reorganization in Osteoclasts through an ROS/SHP1/c-Src Axis and Grants Protection from LPS-Induced Bone Loss. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:963. [PMID: 35624827 PMCID: PMC9137647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that morin may prevent inflammatory bone loss by reducing oxidative stress. To investigate the effect of morin on inflammatory bone loss, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Osteoclasts (OCs) were analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and actin ring formation. Micro-computerized tomography analysis indicated that morin prevented LPS-induced bone loss in mice. In vivo TRAP staining indicated that morin decreased the number and surface of the OCs that were increased in LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that morin decreased the number and activity of OCs upon LPS stimulation. Morin decreased actin ring-containing OCs with decreased activation of c-Src (Y416)/vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 compared with LPS alone. Morin decreased cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus preventing the oxidation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), followed by the inactivation of c-Src via direct interaction with SHP1. Conversely, SHP1 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effect of morin on OCs. Therefore, our findings suggest that morin disrupted cytoskeletal reorganization via an ROS/SHP1/c-Src axis in OCs, thereby granting protection from LPS-induced bone loss, which demonstrates its therapeutic potential against inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (J.-N.P.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jung-Nam Park
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (J.-N.P.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (J.-N.P.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44030, Korea;
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences (BK21 Program), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (J.-N.P.); (S.-Y.Y.)
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12
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Nakanishi Y, Kang S, Kumanogoh A. Crosstalk between axon guidance signaling and bone remodeling. Bone 2022; 157:116305. [PMID: 34973495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of skeletal integrity is tightly regulated by two cell types, bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Although the role of the nervous system in regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts was identified over a decade ago, the molecular mechanism of skeletal-neural interactions in bone homeostasis has only been studied recently. In particular, the complex roles of axon guidance molecules, such as semaphorins and ephrins, in the bone have been studied extensively. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in determining the functions of semaphorins and ephrins in the establishment and maintenance of the skeletal system, with a focus on the functional interaction between the skeletal and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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13
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Martínez‐Gil N, Ovejero D, Garcia‐Giralt N, Bruque CD, Mellibovsky L, Nogués X, Rabionet R, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Genetic analysis in a familial case with high bone mineral density suggests additive effects at two
loci. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10602. [PMID: 35434450 PMCID: PMC9009133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture. At the other end of the BMD spectrum, some individuals present strong, fracture‐resistant, bones. Both osteoporosis and high BMD are heritable and their genetic architecture encompasses polygenic inheritance of common variants and some cases of monogenic highly penetrant variants in causal genes. We have investigated the genetics of high BMD in a family segregating this trait in an apparently Mendelian dominant pattern. We searched for rare causal variants by whole‐exome sequencing in three affected and three nonaffected family members. Using this approach, we have identified 38 rare coding variants present in the proband and absent in the three individuals with normal BMD. Although we have found four variants shared by the three affected members of the family, we have not been able to relate any of these to the high‐BMD phenotype. In contrast, we have identified missense variants in two genes, VAV3 and ADGRE5, each shared by two of out of three affected members, whose loss of function fits with the phenotype of the family. In particular, the proband, a woman displaying the highest BMD (sum Z‐score = 7), carries both variants, whereas the other two affected members carry one each. VAV3 encodes a guanine‐nucleotide‐exchange factor with an important role in osteoclast activation and function. Although no previous cases of VAV3 mutations have been reported in humans, Vav3 knockout (KO) mice display dense bones, similarly to the high‐BMD phenotype present in our family. The ADGRE5 gene encodes an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor expressed in osteoclasts whose KO mouse displays increased trabecular bone volume. Combined, these mouse and human data highlight VAV3 and ADGRE5 as novel putative high‐BMD genes with additive effects, and potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Martínez‐Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC El Calafate Santa Cruz Argentina
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
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14
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Rivier P, Mubalama M, Destaing O. Small GTPases all over invadosomes. Small GTPases 2021; 12:429-439. [PMID: 33487105 PMCID: PMC8583085 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1877081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is associated with numerous patho-physiologic states including cell development and metastatic dissemination. This process couples the activation of cell motility with the capacity to degrade the extracellular matrix, thereby permitting cells to pass through basal membranes. Invasion is sustained by the actions of invadosomes, an ensemble of subcellular structures with high functional homology. Invadosomes are 3D acto-adhesive structures that can also mediate local extracellular matrix degradation through the controlled delivery of proteases. Intracellular RHO GTPases play a central role in the regulation of invadosomes where their complex interplay regulates multiple invadosome functions. This review aims to provide an overview of the synergistic activities of the small GTPases in invadosome biology. This broad-based review also reinforces the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of small GTPases and the impact of this process on invadosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rivier
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Mubalama
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
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15
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Yang G, Singh S, McDonough CW, Lamba JK, Hamadeh I, Holliday LS, Wang D, Katz J, Lakatos PA, Balla B, Kosa JP, Pelliccioni GA, Price DK, Van Driest SL, Figg WD, Langaee T, Moreb JS, Gong Y. Genome-wide Association Study Identified Chromosome 8 Locus Associated with Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1558-1569. [PMID: 34390503 PMCID: PMC8630710 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious drug‐related adverse event. To identify pharmacogenomic markers of MRONJ associated with bisphosphonate therapy, we conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) meta‐analysis followed by functional analysis of 5,008 individuals of European ancestry treated with bisphosphonates, which includes the largest number of MRONJ cases to date (444 cases and 4,564 controls). Discovery GWAS was performed in randomly selected 70% of the patients with cancer and replication GWAS was performed in the remaining 30% of the patients with cancer treated with intravenous bisphosphonates followed by meta‐analysis of all 3,639 patients with cancer. GWAS was also performed in 1,369 patients with osteoporosis treated with oral bisphosphonates. The lead single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2736308 on chromosome 8, was associated with an increased risk of MRONJ with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.71 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.90–3.86 (P = 3.57*10−8) in the meta‐analysis of patients with cancer. This SNP was validated in the MRONJ GWAS in patients with osteoporosis (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.55–4.09, P = 6.84*10−4). The meta‐analysis combining patients with cancer and patients with osteoporosis yielded the same lead SNP rs2736308 on chromosome 8 as the top SNP (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 2.09–3.39, P = 9.65*10−11). This locus is associated with regulation of the BLK, CTSB, and FDFT1 genes, which had been associated with bone mineral density. FDFT1 encodes a membrane‐associated enzyme, which is implicated in the bisphosphonate pathway. This study provides insights into the potential mechanism of MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Issam Hamadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Cancer Pharmacology Department, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter A Lakatos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos P Kosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gian Andrea Pelliccioni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - Section of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Douglas K Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara L Van Driest
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jan S Moreb
- Hematology, Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Department, Novant Health Cancer Institute, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Estrogen Decreases Cytoskeletal Organization by Forming an ERα/SHP2/c-Src Complex in Osteoclasts to Protect against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040619. [PMID: 33920630 PMCID: PMC8073670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function is closely related to estrogen (E2) deficiency, which is responsible for increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity. We aimed to investigate the action mechanism of E2 to decrease bone resorption in OCs to protect from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in mice. In vivo, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in femur and serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks-1 (CTX-1) were analyzed upon E2 injection after OVX in mice. In vitro, OCs were analyzed by TRAP staining, actin ring formation, carboxymethylation, determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blot. In vivo and in vitro, E2 decreased OC size more dramatically than OC number and Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole hydrate dihydrochloride (MPPD), an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) antagonist, augmented the OC size. ERα was found in plasma membranes and E2/ERα signaling affected receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced actin ring formation by rapidly decreasing a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, cellular sarcoma (c-Src) (Y416) phosphorylation in OCs. E2 exposure decreased physical interactions between NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and the oxidized form of c-Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), leading to higher levels of reduced SHP2. ERα formed a complex with the reduced form of SHP2 and c-Src to decrease c-Src activation upon E2 exposure, which blocked a signal for actin ring formation by decreased Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (Vav3) (p-Y) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) (GTP) activation in OCs. E2/ERα signals consistently inhibited bone resorption in vitro. In conclusion, our study suggests that E2-binding to ERα forms a complex with SHP2/c-Src to attenuate c-Src activation that was induced upon RANKL stimulation in a non-genomic manner, resulting in an impaired actin ring formation and reducing bone resorption.
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17
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Shalev M, Arman E, Stein M, Cohen-Sharir Y, Brumfeld V, Kapishnikov S, Royal I, Tuckermann J, Elson A. PTPRJ promotes osteoclast maturation and activity by inhibiting Cbl-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc1 in late osteoclastogenesis. FEBS J 2021; 288:4702-4723. [PMID: 33605542 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) are multinucleated phagocytes, whose central roles in regulating bone formation and homeostasis are critical for normal health and development. OCLs are produced from precursor monocytes in a multistage process that includes initial differentiation, cell-cell fusion, and subsequent functional and morphological maturation; the molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we identify the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ as an essential regulator specifically of OCL maturation. Monocytes from PTPRJ-deficient (JKO) mice differentiate and fuse normally, but their maturation into functional OCLs and their ability to degrade bone are severely inhibited. In agreement, mice lacking PTPRJ throughout their bodies or only in OCLs exhibit increased bone mass due to reduced OCL-mediated bone resorption. We further show that PTPRJ promotes OCL maturation by dephosphorylating the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) and Cbl, thus reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of the key osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. Loss of PTPRJ increases ubiquitination of NFATc1 and reduces its amounts at later stages of osteoclastogenesis, thereby inhibiting OCL maturation. PTPRJ thus fulfills an essential and cell-autonomous role in promoting OCL maturation by balancing between the pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic activities of the M-CSFR and maintaining NFATc1 expression during late osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Yael Cohen-Sharir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Kapishnikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isabelle Royal
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Arthur A, Gronthos S. Eph-Ephrin Signaling Mediates Cross-Talk Within the Bone Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:598612. [PMID: 33634116 PMCID: PMC7902060 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal integrity is maintained through the tightly regulated bone remodeling process that occurs continuously throughout postnatal life to replace old bone and to repair skeletal damage. This is maintained primarily through complex interactions between bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts. Other elements within the bone microenvironment, including stromal, osteogenic, hematopoietic, endothelial and neural cells, also contribute to maintaining skeletal integrity. Disruption of the dynamic interactions between these diverse cellular systems can lead to poor bone health and an increased susceptibility to skeletal diseases including osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, and major fractures. Recent reports have implicated a direct role for the Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands during bone development, homeostasis and skeletal repair. These membrane-bound molecules mediate contact-dependent signaling through both the Eph receptors, termed forward signaling, and through the ephrin ligands, referred to as reverse signaling. This review will focus on Eph/ ephrin cross-talk as mediators of hematopoietic and stromal cell communication, and how these interactions contribute to blood/ bone marrow function and skeletal integrity during normal steady state or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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19
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Gao L, Kong L, Zhao Y. The Regulatory Role of Rho GTPases and their Substrates in Osteoclastogenesis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1064-1070. [PMID: 32981499 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200925150446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathological bone loss diseases (osteolysis, Paget's diseases) are commonly caused by the excessive differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. The Rho GTPases family members Rac1/2 (Rac1 and Rac2) have been reported for their special role in exerting multiple cellular functions during osteoclastic differentiation, which includes the most prominent function on dynamic actin cytoskeleton rearranging. Besides that, the increasing studies demonstrated that the regulating effects of Rac1/2 on the osteoclastic cytoskeletal organization are through the GEFs member Dock5. Although the amount of relevant studies on this topic is still limited, several excellent studies have been reported that extensively explored the molecular mechanisms involved in Rac1/2 and Dock5 during the osteoclastogenesis regulation, as well as their role as the therapeutic target in bone loss diseases. Herein, in this review, we aim to focus on recent advances studies for extensively understanding the role of Rho GTPases Rac1/2 and Dock5 in osteoclastogenesis, as well as their role as a potential therapeutic target in regulating osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yuanting Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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20
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Osteoclast Multinucleation: Review of Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165685. [PMID: 32784443 PMCID: PMC7461040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations through reconstruction of the cytoskeleton, creating the actin ring and ruffled border that enable bone resorption. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast multinucleation has advanced considerably in this century, especially since the identification of DC-STAMP and OC-STAMP as “master fusogens”. Regarding the molecules and pathways surrounding these STAMPs, however, only limited progress has been made due to the absence of their ligands. Various molecules and mechanisms other than the STAMPs are involved in osteoclast multinucleation. In addition, several preclinical studies have explored chemicals that may be able to target osteoclast multinucleation, which could enable us to control pathogenic bone metabolism more precisely. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries regarding the STAMPs and other molecules involved in osteoclast multinucleation.
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21
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Stambuk CR, Staiger EA, Heins BJ, Huson HJ. Exploring physiological and genetic variation of digital cushion thickness in Holstein and Jersey cows and bulls. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9177-9194. [PMID: 32713698 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to expand phenotypic characterization of digital cushion thickness (DCT) to the Jersey breed and include mature bulls and to identify breed-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) for DCT within the Jersey or Holstein breeds and common QTL across breeds and sexes to better understand biological regulation and guide future use of marker-assisted selection. In a cohort of 698 cows and 85 bulls (Holstein and Jersey) from 8 farms in New York State, data were collected on DCT, body condition score (BCS), withers height, and sacral height. All animals underwent sonographic examination of the digital cushion evaluated at the sole ulcer site for the right front and hind feet. Linear mixed models were conducted on DCT separately for cows and bulls with fixed effects of time point, breed, age, digit, and BCS group. The models included random effects to control for the random subset of animals per farm, repeated measures, and multiple measurements from each animal. The phenotypic results indicated that DCT varied by time point, breed, age, digit, and BCS group for cows and by breed, age, digit, and BCS group for bulls. For the genotypic study, 616 cow DNA samples were genotyped on the Illumina BovineHD 777K BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), whereas 76 bull DNA samples were genotyped on different platforms ranging from 5K to 150K. Multiple genome-wide association studies were conducted to highlight pertinent phenotyping parameters and genetic markers for genomic selection. Data were separated into 8 data sets based on different combinations of breed and sex. Each data set was assessed for quality of markers and samples before conducting genome-wide association studies for DCT, testing the inheritance models and genetic variation of digit, foot, and average thickness. Ten markers passed the Bonferroni correction threshold and 9 passed false discovery rate from 10 genome-wide association studies using a combination of the covariates breed, sex, genotyping batch plate, age, BCS, withers height, and sacral height. Of the 43 candidate genes, 8 novel biologically plausible genes were identified on Bos taurus autosomes 3, 4, 7, and 9: SFRS18 and LRRFIP1 function in fat deposition, whereas AHR, BZW2, EFNA5, USP45, and VAV3 effect bone growth, and SOSTDC1 is related to epidermal keratinocyte function. The genetic markers associated with DCT in this study were explored for variation between cows and bulls within and across breeds for their potential use in marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Stambuk
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - E A Staiger
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - B J Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - H J Huson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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22
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Blangy A, Bompard G, Guerit D, Marie P, Maurin J, Morel A, Vives V. The osteoclast cytoskeleton - current understanding and therapeutic perspectives for osteoporosis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs244798. [PMID: 32611680 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated myeloid cells specialized for bone resorption, which is essential for the preservation of bone health throughout life. The activity of osteoclasts relies on the typical organization of osteoclast cytoskeleton components into a highly complex structure comprising actin, microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins that constitutes the backbone of the bone resorption apparatus. The development of methods to differentiate osteoclasts in culture and manipulate them genetically, as well as improvements in cell imaging technologies, has shed light onto the molecular mechanisms that control the structure and dynamics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton, and thus the mechanism of bone resorption. Although essential for normal bone physiology, abnormal osteoclast activity can cause bone defects, in particular their hyper-activation is commonly associated with many pathologies, hormonal imbalance and medical treatments. Increased bone degradation by osteoclasts provokes progressive bone loss, leading to osteoporosis, with the resulting bone frailty leading to fractures, loss of autonomy and premature death. In this context, the osteoclast cytoskeleton has recently proven to be a relevant therapeutic target for controlling pathological bone resorption levels. Here, we review the present knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the osteoclast cytoskeleton that control their bone resorption activity in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bompard
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - David Guerit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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23
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Győri DS, Mócsai A. Osteoclast Signal Transduction During Bone Metastasis Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:507. [PMID: 32637413 PMCID: PMC7317091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are myeloid lineage-derived bone-resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. They differentiate from myeloid precursors through a complex regulation process where the differentiation of preosteoclasts is followed by intercellular fusion to generate large multinucleated cells. Under physiological conditions, osteoclastogenesis is primarily directed by interactions between CSF-1R and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, CSF-1), receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL), as well as adhesion receptors (e.g., integrins) and their ligands. Osteoclasts play a central role in physiological and pathological bone resorption and are also required for excessive bone loss during osteoporosis, inflammatory bone and joint diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and cancer cell-induced osteolysis. Due to the major role of osteoclasts in these diseases the better understanding of their intracellular signaling pathways can lead to the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases and lipid kinases play major roles in osteoclasts and small-molecule kinase inhibitors are emerging new therapeutics in diseases with pathological bone loss. During the last few years, we and others have shown that certain lipid (such as phosphoinositide 3-kinases PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ) and tyrosine (Src-family and Syk) kinases play a critical role in osteoclast differentiation and function in humans and mice. Some of these signaling pathways shows similarity to immunoreceptor-like receptor signaling and involves important other enzymes (e.g., PLCγ2) and adapter proteins (such as the ITAM-bearing adapters DAP12 and the Fc-receptor γ-chain). Here, we review recently identified osteoclast signaling pathways and their role in osteoclast differentiation and function as well as pathological bone loss associated with osteolytic tumors of the bone. A better understanding of osteoclast signaling may facilitate the design of novel and more efficient therapies for pathological bone resorption and osteolytic skeletal metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid S. Győri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Younes N, Zhou L, Amatullah H, Mei SHJ, Herrero R, Lorente JA, Stewart DJ, Marsden P, Liles WC, Hu P, Dos Santos CC. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells modulate response to experimental sepsis-induced lung injury via regulation of miR-27a-5p in recipient mice. Thorax 2020; 75:556-567. [PMID: 32546573 PMCID: PMC7361025 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy mitigates lung injury and improves survival in murine models of sepsis. Precise mechanisms of therapeutic benefit remain poorly understood. Objectives To identify host-derived regulatory elements that may contribute to the therapeutic effects of MSCs, we profiled the microRNAome (miRNAome) and transcriptome of lungs from mice randomised to experimental polymicrobial sepsis-induced lung injury treated with either placebo or MSCs. Methods and results A total of 11 997 genes and 357 microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in lungs were used to generate a statistical estimate of association between miRNAs and their putative mRNA targets; 1395 miRNA:mRNA significant association pairs were found to be differentially expressed (false discovery rate ≤0.05). MSC administration resulted in the downregulation of miR-27a-5p and upregulation of its putative target gene VAV3 (adjusted p=1.272E-161) in septic lungs. In human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, miR-27a-5p expression levels were increased while VAV3 was decreased following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) stimulation. Transfection of miR-27a-5p mimic or inhibitor resulted in increased or decreased VAV3 message, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated specific binding of miR-27a-5p to the 3′UTR of VAV3. miR27a-5p inhibition mitigated TNF-induced (1) delayed wound closure, increased (2) adhesion and (3) transendothelial migration but did not alter permeability. In vivo, cell infiltration was attenuated by intratracheal coinstillation of the miR-27a-5p inhibitor, but this did not protect against endotoxin-induced oedema formation. Conclusions Our data support involvement of miR-27a-5p and VAV3 in cellular adhesion and infiltration during acute lung injury and a potential role for miR-27a-based therapeutics for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Younes
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Zhou
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hajera Amatullah
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Critical Care Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Getafe, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Lorente
- Critical Care Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Getafe, Spain
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Marsden
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Pawlik A, Malinowski D, Paradowska-Gorycka A, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V. VAV1 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093214. [PMID: 32380774 PMCID: PMC7246862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an important public health problem because this disease often causes disability. RA is a chronic, destructive autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction and the development of extraarticular manifestations. VAV1 is an intracellular signal transduction protein that plays a significant role in signal transduction in T cells and affects T cell development, proliferation and activation. The VAV1 gene contains 27 exons and is located on chromosome 19. In this study, we examined the association between VAV1 rs2546133 and rs2617822 polymorphisms and RA. METHODS We examined 422 patients with RA and 338 healthy subjects as the control group. RESULTS Among RA patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of VAV1 rs2546133 polymorphism in T allele carriers (TT + CT versus CC, odds ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.73, p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the rs2617822 genotypes and alleles between RA patients and the control group. Additionally, patients who carried the VAV1 rs2546133 T and rs2617822 G allele presented an increased frequency of extraarticular manifestations: vasculitis, amyloidosis and Sjogren syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association between VAV1 gene rs2617822 polymorphism and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (V.D.)
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Kim HJ, Lee DK, Jin X, Che X, Choi JY. Oleoylethanolamide Exhibits GPR119-Dependent Inhibition of Osteoclast Function and GPR119-Independent Promotion of Osteoclast Apoptosis. Mol Cells 2020; 43:340-349. [PMID: 32050752 PMCID: PMC7191045 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a bioactive lipid in bone, is known as an endogenous ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Here, we explored the effects of OEA on osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. While OEA inhibits osteoclast resorptive function by disrupting actin cytoskeleton, it does not affect receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. OEA attenuates osteoclast spreading, blocks actin ring formation, and eventually impairs bone resorption. Mechanistically, OEA inhibits Rac activation in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), but not RANKL. Furthermore, the OEA-mediated cytoskeletal disorganization is abrogated by GPR119 knockdown using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), indicating that GPR119 is pivotal for osteoclast cytoskeletal organization. In addition, OEA induces apoptosis in both control and GPR119 shRNAtransduced osteoclasts, suggesting that GPR119 is not required for osteoclast apoptosis. Collectively, our findings reveal that OEA has inhibitory effects on osteoclast function and survival of mature osteoclasts via GPR119-dependent and GPR119-independent pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Kang IS, Jang JS, Kim C. Opposing roles of hematopoietic-specific small GTPase Rac2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 in osteoclast differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7024. [PMID: 32341385 PMCID: PMC7184755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav1 regulates Rac activation as a hematopoietic-specific Rho/Rac-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Rac is a subfamily of Rho GTPases that regulates the bone-resorbing capacity of osteoclasts (OCs). In this study, we show that hematopoietic-specific Rac2 and Vav1 play opposing roles by enhancing or attenuating OC differentiation, respectively. This was demonstrated by higher and lower bone density in the femurs from Rac2-deficient (Rac2-/-) and Vav1-deficient (Vav1-/-) mice, respectively, compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. Accordingly, Rac2-/- cells displayed low numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (41%) compared to WT cells, whereas, Vav1-/- cells showed high TRAP-positive cell numbers (150%), and the double-knockout Rac2-/-Vav1-/- mice nullified the effects on OC numbers achieved by the individual knockouts. These reciprocal roles of Rac2 and Vav1 in OC differentiation were confirmed by reduced and increased levels of OC-specific markers, such as TRAP, calcitonin receptor, cathepsin K, and DC-STAMP in the Rac2-/- and Vav1-/- OCs, respectively. Our findings of decrease and increase in actin ring formation and αvβ3 integrin-mediated adhesion in Rac2-/- and Vav1-/- mice, respectively, suggest that Vav1 and its downstream GTPase, Rac2, may counteract to fine-tune OC differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Soon Kang
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Jang
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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Shin B, Kupferman J, Schmidt E, Polleux F, Delany AM, Lee SK. Rac1 Inhibition Via Srgap2 Restrains Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis and Limits the Clastokine, SLIT3. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:789-800. [PMID: 31880824 PMCID: PMC7690287 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Rac1-specific guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein Slit-Robo GAP2 (Srgap2) is dramatically upregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Srgap2 interacts with the cell membrane to locally inhibit activity of Rac1. In this study, we determined the role of Srgap2 in the myeloid lineage on bone homeostasis and the osteoclastic response to TNFα treatment. The bone phenotype of mice specifically lacking Srgap2 in the myeloid lineage (Srgap2 f/f :LysM-Cre; Srgap2 conditional knockout [cKO]) was investigated using histomorphometric analysis, in vitro cultures and Western blot analysis. Similar methods were used to determine the impact of TNFα challenge on osteoclast formation in Srgap2 cKO mice. Bone parameters in male Srgap2 cKO mice were unaffected. However, female cKO mice displayed higher trabecular bone volume due to increased osteoblast surface and bone formation rate, whereas osteoclastic parameters were unaltered. In vitro, cells from Srgap2 cKO had strongly enhanced Rac1 activation, but RANKL-induced osteoclast formation was unaffected. In contrast, conditioned medium from Srgap2 cKO osteoclasts promoted osteoblast differentiation and had increased levels of the bone anabolic clastokine SLIT3, providing a possible mechanism for increased bone formation in vivo. Rac1 is rapidly activated by the inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Supracalvarial injection of TNFα caused an augmented osteoclastic response in Srgap2 cKO mice. In vitro, cells from Srgap2 cKO mice displayed increased osteoclast formation in response to TNFα. We conclude that Srgap2 plays a prominent role in limiting osteoclastogenesis during inflammation through Rac1, and restricts expression of the paracrine clastokine SLIT3, a positive regulator of bone formation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjin Shin
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Ewoud Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Jang JS, Kang IS, Cha YN, Lee ZH, Dinauer MC, Kim YJ, Kim C. Vav1 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31072447 PMCID: PMC6889896 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav1 is a Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Vav1 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation by comparing the ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from Vav1-deficient (Vav1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice to differentiate into mature OCs upon stimulation with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand in vitro. Our results suggested that Vav1 deficiency promoted the differentiation of BMMCs into OCs, as indicated by the increased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor. Therefore, Vav1 may play a negative role in OC differentiation. This hypothesis was supported by the observation of more OCs in the femurs of Vav1-/- mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, the bone status of Vav1-/- mice was analyzed in situ and the femurs of Vav1-/- mice appeared abnormal, with poor bone density and fewer number of trabeculae. In addition, Vav1-deficient OCs showed stronger adhesion to vitronectin, an αvβ3 integrin ligand important in bone resorption. Thus, Vav1 may inhibit OC differentiation and protect against bone resorption. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(11): 659-664].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Jang
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - In Soon Kang
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63100, USA
| | - Young-June Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Li Y, Li B, Yang M, Han H, Chen T, Wei Q, Miao Z, Yin L, Wang R, Shen J, Li X, Xu X, Fang M, Zhao S. Genome-Wide Association Study and Fine Mapping Reveals Candidate Genes for Birth Weight of Yorkshire and Landrace Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:183. [PMID: 32292414 PMCID: PMC7118202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth weight of pigs is an important economic factor in the livestock industry. The identification of the genes and variants that underlie birth weight is of great importance. In this study, we integrated two genotyping methods, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip analysis and restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to genotype genome-wide SNPs. In total, 45,175 and 139,634 SNPs were detected with the SNP chip and RAD-seq, respectively. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the combined SNP panels identified two significant loci located at chr1: 97,745,041 and chr4: 112,031,589, that explained 6.36% and 4.25% of the phenotypic variance respectively. To reduce interval containing causal variants, we imputed sequence-level SNPs in the GWAS identified regions and fine-mapped the causative variants into two narrower genomic intervals: a ∼100 kb interval containing 71 SNPs and a broader ∼870 kb interval with 432 SNPs. This fine-mapping highlighted four promising candidate genes, SKOR2, SMAD2, VAV3, and NTNG1. Additionally, the functional genes, SLC25A24, PRMT6 and STXBP3, are also located near the fine-mapping region. These results suggest that these candidate genes may have contribute substantially to the birth weight of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manman Yang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hu Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zepu Miao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lilin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junran Shen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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31
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The dynactin subunit DCTN1 controls osteoclastogenesis via the Cdc42/PAK2 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:514-528. [PMID: 32210358 PMCID: PMC7156411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs), cells specialized for bone resorption, are generated from monocyte/macrophage precursors by a differentiation process governed by RANKL. Here, we show that DCTN1, a key component of the dynactin complex, plays important roles in OC differentiation. The expression of DCTN1 was upregulated by RANKL. The inhibition of DCTN1 expression by gene knockdown suppressed OC formation, bone resorption, and the induction of NFATc1 and c-Fos, critical transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. More importantly, the activation of Cdc42 by RANKL was inhibited upon DCTN1 silencing. The forced expression of constitutively active Cdc42 restored the OC differentiation of precursors with DCTN1 deletion. In addition, PAK2 was found to be activated by RANKL and to function downstream of Cdc42. The DCTN1-Cdc42 axis also inhibited apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of DCTN1 knockdown was verified in an animal model of bone erosion. Intriguingly, DCTN1 overexpression was also detrimental to OC differentiation, suggesting that DCTN1 should be regulated at the appropriate level for effective osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, our results reveal that DCTN1 participates in the activation of Cdc42/PAK2 signaling and the inhibition of apoptosis during osteoclastogenesis. A critical mechanism for maintaining bone health uncovered by scientists in South Korea could provide insights into bone disease development. Bone remodeling is a lifetime process of bone generation that ensures bones remain healthy. Osteoclasts (OC), cells that break down bone, differentiate from white blood cell populations. Disruption to OC formation and function plays a critical role in bone diseases, yet the regulatory mechanisms in OC generation are unclear. Hong-Hee Kim at Seoul National University and co-workers investigated the role of a protein called DCTN1, which is involved in skeletal assembly processes. The team found that inhibiting DCTN1 suppressed the expression of key proteins needed for OC formation in cell cultures and mouse models. Overexpressing DCTN1 was equally damaging, suggesting the protein plays a key regulatory role.
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Fernández-Nevado L, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Bustelo XR. Lysine Acetylation Reshapes the Downstream Signaling Landscape of Vav1 in Lymphocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030609. [PMID: 32143292 PMCID: PMC7140538 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav1 works both as a catalytic Rho GTPase activator and an adaptor molecule. These functions, which are critical for T cell development and antigenic responses, are tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent. However, it is not known whether other posttranslational modifications can contribute to the regulation of the biological activity of this protein. Here, we show that Vav1 becomes acetylated on lysine residues in a stimulation- and SH2 domain-dependent manner. Using a collection of both acetylation- and deacetylation-mimicking mutants, we show that the acetylation of four lysine residues (Lys222, Lys252, Lys587, and Lys716) leads to the downmodulation of the adaptor function of Vav1 that triggers the stimulation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). These sites belong to two functional subclasses according to mechanistic criteria. We have also unveiled additional acetylation sites potentially involved in either the stimulation (Lys782) or the downmodulation (Lys335, Lys374) of specific Vav1-dependent downstream responses. Collectively, these results indicate that Nε-lysine acetylation can play variegated roles in the regulation of Vav1 signaling. Unlike the case of the tyrosine phosphorylation step, this new regulatory layer is not conserved in other Vav family paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Nevado
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663194634
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Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116759 PMCID: PMC7013034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone’s main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shin B, Won H, Adams DJ, Lee SK. CD55 Regulates Bone Mass in Mice by Modulating RANKL-Mediated Rac Signaling and Osteoclast Function. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:130-142. [PMID: 31487060 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD55 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that regulates complement-mediated and innate and adaptive immune responses. Although CD55 is expressed in various cell types in the bone marrow, its role in bone has not been investigated. In the current study, trabecular bone volume measured by μCT in the femurs of CD55KO female mice was increased compared to wild type (WT). Paradoxically, osteoclast number was increased in CD55KO with no differences in osteoblast parameters. Osteoclasts from CD55KO mice exhibited abnormal actin-ring formation and reduced bone-resorbing activity. Moreover, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment failed to activate Rac guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) in CD55KO bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells. In addition, apoptotic caspases activity was enhanced in CD55KO, which led to the poor survival of mature osteoclasts. Our results imply that CD55KO mice have increased bone mass due to defective osteoclast resorbing activity resulting from reduced Rac activity in osteoclasts. We conclude that CD55 plays an important role in the survival and bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts through regulation of Rac activity. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjin Shin
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Heeyeon Won
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Guimbal S, Morel A, Guérit D, Chardon M, Blangy A, Vives V. Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclasts. Biol Cell 2019; 111:271-283. [PMID: 31461543 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Osteoclast resorption is dependent on a podosome-rich structure called sealing zone. It tightly attaches the osteoclast to the bone creating a favourable acidic microenvironment for bone degradation. This adhesion structure needs to be stabilised by microtubules whose acetylation is maintained by down-regulation of deacetylase HDAC6 and/or of microtubule destabilising kinase GSK3β activities. We already established that Dock5 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1. As a consequence, Dock5 inhibition results in a decrease of the GTPase activity associated with impaired podosome assembly into sealing zones and resorbing activity in osteoclasts. More, administration of C21, a chemical compound that directly inhibits the exchange activity of Dock5, disrupts osteoclast podosome organisation and protects mice against bone degradation in models recapitulating major osteolytic diseases. RESULTS In this report, we show that Dock5 knockout osteoclasts also present a reduced acetylated tubulin level leading to a decreased length and duration of microtubule growth phases, whereas their growth speed remains unaffected. Dock5 does not act by direct interaction with the polymerised tubulin. Using specific Rac inhibitors, we showed that Dock5 regulates microtubule dynamic instability through Rac-dependent and -independent pathways. The latter involves GSK3β inhibitory serine 9 phosphorylation downstream of Akt activation but not HDAC6 activity. CONCLUSION We showed that Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclast. SIGNIFICANCE Dock5 dual role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule, which both need to be intact for bone resorption, reinforces the fact that it is an interesting therapeutic target for osteolytic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guimbal
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - David Guérit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Manon Chardon
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
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36
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Bustelo XR. The Vav GEF Family: An Evolutionary and Functional Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:E465. [PMID: 31100928 PMCID: PMC6562523 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav proteins play roles as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and signaling adaptors downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The recent sequencing of the genomes of many species has revealed that this protein family originated in choanozoans, a group of unicellular organisms from which animal metazoans are believed to have originated from. Since then, the Vav family underwent expansions and reductions in its members during the evolutionary transitions that originated the agnates, chondrichthyes, some teleost fish, and some neoaves. Exotic members of the family harboring atypical structural domains can be also found in some invertebrate species. In this review, we will provide a phylogenetic perspective of the evolution of the Vav family. We will also pay attention to the structure, signaling properties, regulatory layers, and functions of Vav proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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37
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100207. [PMID: 31193008 PMCID: PMC6513777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to create recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in recent years has led to their rise as a common clinical adjuvant. Their application varies, from spinal fixation to repairing palatal clefts, to coating implants for osseointegration. In recent years questions have been raised as to the efficacy of BMPs in several of these procedures. These questions are due to the unwanted side effect of BMPs on other cell types, such as osteoclasts which can resorb bone at the graft/implant site. However, most BMP research focuses on the anabolic osteoinductive effects of BMPs on osteoblasts rather than its counterpart- stimulation of the osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for resorbing bone. In this review, we discuss the data available from multiple in-vitro and in-vivo BMP-related knockout models to elucidate the different functions BMPs have on osteoclast differentiation and activity. BMPs can act directly on osteoclasts to regulate differentiation and activity. Osteoclasts express multiple BMP signaling components. BMPs signal through both SMAD independent and dependent mechanisms in osteoclasts. SMAD dependent BMP signaling regulates osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors.
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38
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Xu T, Luo Y, Kong F, Lv B, Zhao S, Chen J, Liu W, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Li L, Zhao X, Qian D, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 is critical for formation of the CD31 hiEmcn hi vessel subtype in coupling osteogenesis with angiogenesis via modulating preosteoclasts secretion of PDGF-BB. Bone 2019; 122:218-230. [PMID: 30853660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that plays a vital role in bone modeling and remodeling during osteogenesis coupled with angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that a specialized subset of vascular endothelium strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) is coupled with anabolic bone formation. Based on our previous finding that GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice have impaired angiogenesis and bone formation, we hypothesized that GIT1 affects formation of the CD31hiEmcnhi vessel subtype. In the current study, GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice displayed a significant decrease in trabecular bone mass and CD31hiEmcnhi vessel number, compared to their wild-type counterparts. In the fracture healing mouse model, GIT1 KO mice contained a lower number of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in fracture callus at days 7 and 14. However, no significant differences in the number of preosteoclasts in bone marrow, trabecular bone and callus in GIT1 KO mice were observed, compared with wild-type mice. Notably, concentrations of serum platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB) secreted by preosteoclasts associated with CD31hiEmcnhi vessel formation were lower in GIT1 KO mice. In addition, PDGF-BB-associated expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase- 1/2 (ERK1/2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1) was significantly decreased in preosteoclasts of GIT1 KO mice. These results collectively suggest that GIT1 is a critical participant in formation of the CD31hiEmcnhi vessel subtype, highlighting a novel biologic function of this scaffold protein in preosteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - YongJun Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - FanQi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital with Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212000, China
| | - ShuJie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - ZhiMin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - YiFan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - LinWei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - DingFei Qian
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - GuoYong Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China.
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39
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Bergsma A, Ganguly SS, Wiegand ME, Dick D, Williams BO, Miranti CK. Regulation of cytoskeleton and adhesion signaling in osteoclasts by tetraspanin CD82. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100196. [PMID: 30788390 PMCID: PMC6369370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a myeloid-specific Cre to conditionally delete CD82 in mouse osteoclasts and their precursors. In contrast to global loss of CD82 (gKO), conditional loss of CD82 (cKO) in osteoclasts does not affect cortical bone, osteoblasts, or adipocytes. CD82 loss results in greater trabecular volume and trabecular number but reduced trabecular space in 6-month old male mice. Though this trend is present in females it did not reach significance; whereas there was an increase in osteoclast numbers and eroded surface area only in female cKO mice. In vitro, there is an increase in osteoclast fusion and defects in actin assembly in both gKO and cKO mice, irrespective of sex. This is accompanied by altered osteoclast morphology and decreased release of CTX in vitro. Integrin αvβ3 expression is reduced, while integrin β1 is increased. Signaling to Src, Syk, and Vav are also compromised. We further discovered that expression of Clec2 and its ligand, Podoplanin, molecules that also signal to Syk and Vav, are increased in differentiated osteoclasts. Loss of CD82 reduces their expression. Thus, CD82 is required for correct assembly of the cytoskeleton and to limit osteoclast fusion, both needed for normal osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bergsma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sourik S Ganguly
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mollie E Wiegand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Dick
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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40
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Gavali S, Gupta MK, Daswani B, Wani MR, Sirdeshmukh R, Khatkhatay MI. LYN, a key mediator in estrogen-dependent suppression of osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:547-557. [PMID: 30579930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen insufficiency at menopause cause accelerated bone loss due to unwarranted differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Unraveling the underlying mechanism/s may identify mediators of estrogen action which can be targeted for improved management of osteoporosis. Towards this, we analyzed the effect of 17β-estradiol on the proteomes of differentiating human osteoclasts. The major proteomic changes observed included upregulation of LYN by estrogen. We, therefore, investigated the effect of estrogen on osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function in control and LYN knockdown conditions. In control condition, estrogen treatment increased the apoptosis rate and suppressed the calcium signaling by reducing the intracellular Ca2+ levels as well as expression and activation of NFATc1 and c-Src during differentiation, resulting in reduced osteoclastogenesis. These osteoclasts were smaller in size with reduced extent of multinuclearity and produced significantly low levels of bone resorbing enzymes. They also exhibited disrupted sealing zone formation with low podosome density, impaired cell polarization and reduced resorption of dentine slices. Interestingly, in LYN knockdown condition, estrogen failed to induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of NFATc1 and c-Src. Compared to effect of estrogen on osteoclast in control condition, LYN knockdown osteoclasts did not show reduction in production of bone resorbing enzymes and had defined sealing zone formation with high podosome density with no impairment in cell polarization. They resorbed significant area on dentine slices. Thus, the inhibitory action of estrogen on osteoclast was severely restrained in LYN knockdown condition, demonstrating the importance of LYN as a key mediator of the effect of estrogen on osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Gavali
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru 560066, India; Syngene International Ltd, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Bhavna Daswani
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru 560066, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - M Ikram Khatkhatay
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India.
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41
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The expression profile of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis detected in whole blood of Arabian horses during 3 years of competing at race track. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:59-64. [PMID: 30586653 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant reason of economic loss on race track performance is lame in performed horses. Primarily, due to the failure within proper bone maintenance during conditioning in young horses. The training overload causes bone turnover disturbances in homeostasis between bone resorption and bone formation which promote the bone loss. Within our study we investigated training induced changes in transcript abundance of genes (NFATc1, CTSK, DAP12, CLEC5A, IL6ST, VAV3) involved in osteoclastogenesis hence bone resorption, in whole blood of Arabian horses. The expression pattern of all analysed genes varied depend of exercise intense activity. All training stages generate similar response to training whatever season was. The initial training had greater effect on expression pattern than increased, prolonged, established conditioning. Notwithstanding, the significant increase of transcript abundance of all investigated genes was observed during period of starts with racing competition. There is no biomarker known with highly significant accuracy according to degree of articular cartilage or bone disease in a single joint. Thus, the markers presented in our report, poses the potential to be further investigate as useful tool for bone turnover.
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42
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Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040157. [PMID: 30467281 PMCID: PMC6317158 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.
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43
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Maurin J, Morel A, Hassen-Khodja C, Vives V, Jurdic P, Machuca-Gayet I, Blangy A. Combined strategy of siRNA and osteoclast actin cytoskeleton automated imaging to identify novel regulators of bone resorption shows a non-mitotic function for anillin. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:568-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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44
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Georgess D, Spuul P, Le Clainche C, Le Nihouannen D, Fremaux I, Dakhli T, Delannoy López DM, Deffieux D, Jurdic P, Quideau S, Génot E. Anti-osteoclastic effects of C-glucosidic ellagitannins mediated by actin perturbation. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:533-545. [PMID: 30287085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin subunits assemble into actin filaments whose dynamics and three-dimensional architectures are further regulated by a variety of cellular factors to establish the functional actin cytoskeleton. The C-glucosidic ellagitannin vescalagin and its simpler analogue vescalin, affect both the dynamics and the ultrastructure of the actin cytoskeleton by directly binding to F-actin. Herein, we show that in vitro, the two compounds induce the formation of distinct F-actin networks characterized by different superstructures and dynamics. In living mature osteoclasts, highly specialized bone-degrading cells that constantly remodel their cytoskeleton, vescalagin and vescalin alter actin dynamics at podosomes and compromise the integrity of the podosome belt that forms the bone-degrading apparatus. Both compounds target the bone-resorbing activity at concentrations that preserve osteoclastic maturation and survival and with no detectable impact on the behaviour of bone-forming osteoblastic cells. This anti-osteoclastic activity of vescalagin and vescalin reveals the potential of targeting actin dynamics as a new therapeutic opportunity and, in this case, as a plausible approach for the local treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Georgess
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, (ENS-UMR 5242), Université de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Damien Le Nihouannen
- Inserm U1026, University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Fremaux
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Dakhli
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, (UMS 3033/US 001), Université de Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | | | - Denis Deffieux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Université de Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, F-33405, France
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, (ENS-UMR 5242), Université de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Université de Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, F-33405, France.
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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45
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Uehara S, Udagawa N, Kobayashi Y. Non-canonical Wnt signals regulate cytoskeletal remodeling in osteoclasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3683-3692. [PMID: 30051162 PMCID: PMC6154041 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclasts adhere to the bone surface through integrins and polarize to form actin rings, which are formed by the assembly of podosomes. The area contained within actin rings (also called sealing zones) has an acidic pH, which causes dissolution of bone minerals including hydroxyapatite and the degradation of matrix proteins including type I collagen by the protease cathepsin K. Osteoclasts resorb bone matrices while moving on bone surfaces. Osteoclasts change their cell shapes and exhibit three modes for bone resorption: motile resorbing mode for digging trenches, static resorbing mode for digging pits, and motile non-resorbing mode. Therefore, the actin cytoskeleton is actively remodeled in osteoclasts. Recent studies have revealed that many molecules, such as Rac, Cdc42, Rho, and small GTPase regulators and effectors, are involved in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during the formation of actin rings and resorption cavities on bone slices. In this review, we introduce how these molecules and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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46
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Żukowski K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Transcriptomic hallmarks of bone remodelling revealed by RNA-Seq profiling in blood of Arabian horses during racing training regime. Gene 2018; 676:256-262. [PMID: 30021131 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exercises on young developing organisms is still of interest to researchers. Similarly like Thoroughbreds, Arabian horses competing at the race track. The high percent of lameness and loss of days in training are often the result of weakness in the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The objective of the presented study was to identify by RNA-Seq method, the possible skeletal system originating transcriptomic profile in peripheral blood of Arabian horses undergoing race training. Obtained results showed that one of the most significantly deregulated pathway involved in bone homeostasis was those involved in osteoclast differentiation. Among the significantly expressed molecules, we recognized twelve genes potentially involved in the metabolism of the skeletal system: BGLAP, CTSK, TYROBP, PDLIM7, SLC9B2, TWSG1, NOTCH2, IL6ST, VAV3, NFATc1, CLEC5A, TXLNG. The panel of identified genes should be evaluated as candidate biomarkers for bone homeostasis indicators of Arabians performing on race tracks to assess bone remodelling states during training for race track competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, the University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - K Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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47
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Kjelgaard-Petersen CF, Platt A, Braddock M, Jenkins MA, Musa K, Graham E, Gantzel T, Slynn G, Weinblatt ME, Karsdal MA, Thudium CS, Bay-Jensen AC. Translational Biomarkers and Ex Vivo Models of Joint Tissues as a Tool for Drug Development in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1419-1428. [PMID: 29669391 PMCID: PMC6174937 DOI: 10.1002/art.40527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and degenerative autoimmune joint disease that leads to disability, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Although several synthetic and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs are available, there is still a medical need for novel drugs that control disease progression. As only 10% of experimental drug candidates for treatment of RA that enter phase I trials are eventually registered by the Food and Drug Administration, there is an immediate need for translational tools to facilitate early decision‐making in drug development. In this study, we aimed to determine if the inability of fostamatinib (a small molecule inhibitor of Syk) to demonstrate sufficient efficacy in phase III of a previous clinical study could have been predicted earlier in the development process. Methods Biomarkers of bone, cartilage, and interstitial matrix turnover (C‐telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX‐I], matrix metalloproteinase–derived types I, II, and III collagen neoepitopes [C1M, C2M, and C3M]) were measured in 450 serum samples from the Oral Syk Inhibition in Rheumatoid Arthritis 1 study (OSKIRA‐1, a phase III clinical study of the efficacy of fostamatinib in RA) at baseline and follow‐up. Additionally, the same biomarkers were subsequently measured in conditioned media from osteoclast, cartilage, and synovial membrane cultured with the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, to assess the level of suppression induced by the drug. Results In OSKIRA‐1 serum samples and osteoclast and cartilage cultures, fostamatinib suppressed the levels of CTX‐I and C2M. In OSKIRA‐1 serum samples and synovial membrane cultures, fostamatinib did not mediate any clinical or preclinical effect on either C1M or C3M, which have previously been associated with disease response and efficacy. Conclusion These data demonstrate that translational biomarkers are a potential tool for early assessment and decision‐making in drug development for RA treatment.
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Park-Min KH. Mechanisms involved in normal and pathological osteoclastogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2519-2528. [PMID: 29670999 PMCID: PMC9809143 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that play an essential role in bone remodeling. Defects in osteoclasts result in unbalanced bone remodeling and are linked to many bone diseases including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary bone cancer, and skeletal metastases. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is a classical inducer of osteoclast formation. In the presence of macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, RANKL and co-stimulatory signals synergistically regulate osteoclastogenesis. However, recent discoveries of alternative pathways for RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis have led to a reassessment of the traditional mechanisms that regulate osteoclast formation. In this review, we provide an overview of signaling pathways and other regulatory elements governing osteoclastogenesis. We also identify how osteoclastogenesis is altered in pathological conditions and discuss therapeutic targets in osteoclasts for the treatment of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, 10021, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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Alhazmi A. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase as a Target Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:255-263. [PMID: 29925062 DOI: 10.1159/000489863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which associates directly with extracellular receptors, and is critically involved in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types for the regulation of cellular responses. SYK is expressed ubiquitously in immune and nonimmune cells, and has a much wider biological role than previously recognized. Several studies have highlighted SYK as a key player in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, which is responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals, accounting for a major cause of severe chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients and subsequently resulting in a progressive deterioration of lung function. Inhibition of SYK activity has been explored as a therapeutic option in several allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. This review focuses on SYK as a therapeutic target, and describes the possibility of how current knowledge could be translated for therapeutic purposes to regulate the immune response to the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alhazmi
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Pereira M, Petretto E, Gordon S, Bassett JHD, Williams GR, Behmoaras J. Common signalling pathways in macrophage and osteoclast multinucleation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/11/jcs216267. [PMID: 29871956 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage cell fusion and multinucleation are fundamental processes in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in chronic inflammatory disease and osteoclasts in the regulation of bone mass. However, this basic cell phenomenon is poorly understood despite its pathophysiological relevance. Granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells are seen in a wide variety of complex inflammatory disorders, as well as in infectious diseases. Dysregulation of osteoclastic bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and malignant osteolytic bone disease. Recent reports have shown that the formation of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclast fusion display a common molecular signature, suggesting shared genetic determinants. In this Review, we describe the background of cell-cell fusion and the similar origin of macrophages and osteoclasts. We specifically focus on the common pathways involved in osteoclast and MGC fusion. We also highlight potential approaches that could help to unravel the core mechanisms underlying bone and granulomatous disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pereira
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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