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Jiang Y, Luo P, Cao Y, Peng D, Huo S, Guo J, Wang M, Shi W, Zhang C, Li S, Lin L, Lv J. The role of STAT3/VAV3 in glucolipid metabolism during the development of HFD-induced MAFLD. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2027-2043. [PMID: 38617550 PMCID: PMC11008271 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a globally prevalent chronic hepatic disease. Previous studies have indicated that the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) plays a vital role in MAFLD progression at the very beginning. However, the specific association between STAT3 and abnormal hepatic metabolism remains unclear. In this study, activated inflammation was observed to induce abnormal glucolipid metabolic disorders in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, we found that the activation of STAT3 induced by HFD might function as a transcriptional factor to suppress the expression of VAV3, which might participate in intracellular glucolipid metabolism and the regulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) storage vesicle traffic in the development of MAFLD both in vitro and in vivo. We verified that VAV3 deficiency could retard the GLUT4 membrane translocation and impair the glucose homeostasis. Additionally, VAV3 participates in cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes, eventually resulting in the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. Moreover, rAAV8-TBG-VAV3 was conducted to restore the expression of VAV3 in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. VAV3 overexpression was observed to improve glucose homeostasis as well as attenuate hepatic cholesterol accumulation in vivo. In conclusion, the STAT3/VAV3 signaling pathway might play a significant role in MAFLD by regulating glucose and cholesterol metabolism, and VAV3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy which could consequently ameliorate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqi Huo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu J, Lin C, Yang C, Pan L, Liu H, Zhu S, Wei S, Jia X, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Zhao X, Liu W, Zhuo Y, Wang N. Identification and validation of key biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for primary open-angle glaucoma. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2837-2850. [PMID: 37610681 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a prevalent cause of blindness worldwide, resulting in degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and permanent damage to the optic nerve. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of POAG are currently indistinct, and there has been no effective nonsurgical treatment regimen. The objective of this study is to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for POAG. The mRNA expression microarray datasets GSE27276 and GSE138125, as well as the single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset GSE148371 were utilized to screen POAG-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the DEGs were performed. Subsequently, the hub genes were validated at a single-cell level, where trabecular cells were annotated, and the mRNA expression levels of target genes in different cell clusters were analyzed. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were performed for further validation. DEGs analysis identified 43 downregulated and 32 upregulated genes in POAG, which were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PPI networks showed that FN1 and DUSP1 were the central hub nodes, while GPX3 and VAV3 were screened out as hub genes through WGCNA and subsequently validated by qPCR. Finally, FN1, GPX3, and VAV3 were determined to be pivotal core genes via single-cell validation. The relevant biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of POAG, may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Further studies are necessary to unveil the mechanisms underlying the expression variations of these genes in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA, 94539, USA
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuwen Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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3
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The study of selection signature and its applications on identification of candidate genes using whole genome sequencing data in chicken - a review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102657. [PMID: 37054499 PMCID: PMC10123265 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is a major source of protein for the increasing human population and is useful for research purposes. There are almost 1,600 distinct regional breeds of chicken across the globe, among which a large body of genetic and phenotypic variations has been accumulated due to extensive natural and artificial selection. Moreover, natural selection is a crucial force for animal domestication. Several approaches have been adopted to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data including integrated haplotype score (iHS), cross-populated extend haplotype homozygosity test (XP-EHH), fixation index (FST), cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR), nucleotide diversity (Pi), and others. In addition, gene enrichment analyses are utilized to determine KEGG pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms related to traits of interest in chicken. Herein, we review different studies that have adopted diverse approaches to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken. This review systematically summarizes different findings on selection signatures and related candidate genes in chickens. Future studies could combine different selection signatures approaches to strengthen the quality of the results thereby providing more affirmative inference. This would further aid in deciphering the importance of selection in chicken conservation for the increasing human population.
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Robles-Valero J, Fernández-Nevado L, Cuadrado M, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fernández-Pisonero I, Abad A, Redín E, Montuenga L, Martín-Zanca D, Bigas A, Mallo M, Dosil M, Bustelo XR. Characterization of the spectrum of trivalent VAV1-mutation-driven tumors using a gene-edited mouse model. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3533-3553. [PMID: 35895495 PMCID: PMC9533688 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the VAV1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 have been recently found in peripheral T cell lymphoma and nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To understand their pathogenic potential, we generated a gene‐edited mouse model that expresses a VAV1 mutant protein that recapitulates the signalling alterations present in the VAV1 mutant subclass most frequently found in tumours. We could not detect any overt tumourigenic process in those mice. However, the concurrent elimination of the Trp53 tumour suppressor gene in them drives T cell lymphomagenesis. This process represents an exacerbation of the normal functions that wild‐type VAV1 plays in follicular helper T cells. We also found that, in combination with the Kras oncogene, the VAV1 mutant version favours progression of NSCLC. These data indicate that VAV1 mutations play critical, although highly cell‐type‐specific, roles in tumourigenesis. They also indicate that such functions are contingent on the mutational landscape of the tumours involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robles-Valero
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Nevado
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Cuadrado
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Redín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Solid Tumors Program, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Montuenga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Solid Tumors Program, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dionisio Martín-Zanca
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moisés Mallo
- Gulbenkian Institute, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Matboli M, Hasanin AH, Hamady S, Khairy E, Mohamed RH, Aboul-Ela YM, Raafat MH, Elsebay SAG, Emam HY, Shamekh RS, Agwa SHA. Anti-inflammatory effect of trans-anethol in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113070. [PMID: 35658236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (MI/R) is considered a main risk factor for global cardiac mortality and morbidity, for which no effective treatment exists. Both inflammation and epigenetic regulation play a pivotal role in the early stage of MI/R. The present study aimed at investigating the prospective anti-inflammatory role of trans-anethole (TNA) in targeting MI/R and its related mechanism in upregulating the expression of the inflammatory and cardiac-related gene (VAV3), and its epigenetic regulators (lncRNA-JRKL-AS1 and miR-1298) that were retrieved from in-silico data analysis in an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. MATERIALS & METHODS TNA was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), 15 min prior to coronary ligation in male Wistar rats. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and dP/dtmax were assessed. Histopathological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effects of TNA pre-treatment on the I/R rats model. RESULTS TNA alleviated the I/R-induced cardiac injury pathologically and improved the cardiac function tests and enzymes. At the molecular level, TNA upregulated the expression level of the retrieved RNA-based panel (VAV3 mRNA/miR-1298/lncRNA JRKL-AS1). At the protein level, TNA decreased the cardiac content of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. CONCLUSION TNA has demonstrated a potential ability to alleviate the cardiac injury and attenuate the inflammatory response following ischemia-reperfusion in the rat model through modulation of the expression of RNA panel (VAV3 mRNA/miR-1298/lncRNA JRKL-AS1) and TNF- α protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Hamady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reham Hussein Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin M Aboul-Ela
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Hussien Raafat
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Hossam Y Emam
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | | | - Sara H A Agwa
- Clinical Pathology and Molecular Genomics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lorenzo-Martín LF, Menacho-Márquez M, Fernández-Parejo N, Rodríguez-Fdez S, Pascual G, Abad A, Crespo P, Dosil M, Benitah SA, Bustelo XR. The Rho guanosine nucleotide exchange factors Vav2 and Vav3 modulate epidermal stem cell function. Oncogene 2022; 41:3341-3354. [PMID: 35534539 PMCID: PMC9187518 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Rho GTPases control different aspects of the biology of skin stem cells (SSCs). However, little information is available on the role of their upstream regulators under normal and tumorigenic conditions in this process. To address this issue, we have used here mouse models in which the activity of guanosine nucleotide exchange factors of the Vav subfamily has been manipulated using both gain- and loss-of-function strategies. These experiments indicate that Vav2 and Vav3 regulate the number, functional status, and responsiveness of hair follicle bulge stem cells. This is linked to gene expression programs related to the reinforcement of the identity and the quiescent state of normal SSCs. By contrast, in the case of cancer stem cells, they promote transcriptomal programs associated with the identity, activation state, and cytoskeletal remodeling. These results underscore the role of these Rho exchange factors in the regulation of normal and tumor epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández-Parejo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Abad
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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7
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Genome-wide run of homozygosity analysis reveals candidate genomic regions associated with environmental adaptations of Tibetan native chickens. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:91. [PMID: 35100979 PMCID: PMC8805376 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Tibet, the two most important breeds are Tibetan chicken and Lhasa white chicken, and the duo exhibit specific adaptations to the high altitude thereby supplying proteins for humans living in the plateau. These breeds are partly included in the conservation plans because they represent important chicken genetic resources. However, the genetic diversity of these chickens is rarely investigated. Based on whole-genome sequencing data of 113 chickens from 4 populations of Tibetan chicken including Shigatse (SH), Nyemo (NM), Dagze (DZ) and Nyingchi (LZ), as well as Lhasa white (LW) chicken breed, we investigated the genetic diversity of these chicken breeds by genetic differentiation, run of homozygosity (ROH), genomic inbreeding and selection signature analyses. Results Our results revealed high genetic diversity across the five chicken populations. The linkage disequilibrium decay was highest in LZ, while subtle genetic differentiation was found between LZ and other populations (Fst ranging from 0.05 to 0.10). Furthermore, the highest ROH-based inbreeding estimate (FROH) of 0.11 was observed in LZ. In other populations, the FROH ranged from 0.04 to 0.06. In total, 74, 111, 62, 42 and 54 ROH islands containing SNPs ranked top 1% for concurrency were identified in SH, NM, DZ, LZ and LW, respectively. Genes common to the ROH islands in the five populations included BDNF, CCDC34, LGR4, LIN7C, GLS, LOC101747789, MYO1B, STAT1 and STAT4. This suggested their essential roles in adaptation of the chickens. We also identified a common candidate genomic region harboring AMY2A, NTNG1 and VAV3 genes in all populations. These genes had been implicated in digestion, neurite growth and high-altitude adaptation. Conclusions High genetic diversity is observed in Tibetan native chickens. Inbreeding is more intense in the Nyingchi population which is also genetically distant from other chicken populations. Candidate genes in ROH islands are likely to be the drivers of adaptation to high altitude exhibited by the five Tibetan native chicken populations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of genetic diversity offer valuable insights for the genetic mechanism of adaptation, and provide veritable tools that can help in the design and implementation of breeding and conservation strategies for Tibetan native chickens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08280-z.
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8
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Steichen C, Hervé C, Hauet T, Bourmeyster N. Rho GTPases in kidney physiology and diseases. Small GTPases 2022; 13:141-161. [PMID: 34138686 PMCID: PMC9707548 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1932402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are molecular switches best known for their pivotal role in dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, but also of cellular morphology, motility, adhesion and proliferation. The prototypic members of this family (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) also contribute to the normal kidney function and play important roles in the structure and function of various kidney cells including tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes. The kidney's vital filtration function depends on the structural integrity of the glomerulus, the proximal portion of the nephron. Within the glomerulus, the architecturally actin-based cytoskeleton podocyte forms the final cellular barrier to filtration. The glomerulus appears as a highly dynamic signalling hub that is capable of integrating intracellular cues from its individual structural components. Dynamic regulation of the podocyte cytoskeleton is required for efficient barrier function of the kidney. As master regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases are therefore of critical importance for sustained kidney barrier function. Dysregulated activities of the Rho GTPases and of their effectors are implicated in the pathogenesis of both hereditary and idiopathic forms of kidney diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease that is caused by injury to kidney glomeruli. High glucose activates RhoA/Rho-kinase in mesangial cells, leading to excessive extracellular matrix production (glomerulosclerosis). This RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway also seems involved in the post-transplant hypertension frequently observed during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors, whereas Rac1 activation was observed in post-transplant ischaemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire STIM CNRS ERL 7003, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cédex, France
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Ferreira-Santos P, Carrón R, Montero MJ, Sevilla MÁ. The antihypertensive and antihypertrophic effect of lycopene is not affected by and is independent of age. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fabbiano S, Menacho-Márquez M, Sauzeau V, Dosil M, Bustelo XR. New Functions of Vav Family Proteins in Cardiovascular Biology, Skeletal Muscle, and the Nervous System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090857. [PMID: 34571735 PMCID: PMC8472352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we provide information on the role of Vav proteins, a group of signaling molecules that act as both Rho GTPase activators and adaptor molecules, in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and the nervous system. We also describe how these functions impact in other physiological and pathological processes such as sympathoregulation, blood pressure regulation, systemic metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. Abstract Vav proteins act as tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and as molecular scaffolds. In mammals, this family of signaling proteins is composed of three members (Vav1, Vav2, Vav3) that work downstream of protein tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent work with genetically modified mouse models has revealed that these proteins play key signaling roles in vascular smooth and skeletal muscle cells, specific neuronal subtypes, and glia cells. These functions, in turn, ensure the proper regulation of blood pressure levels, skeletal muscle mass, axonal wiring, and fiber myelination events as well as systemic metabolic balance. The study of these mice has also led to the discovery of new physiological interconnection among tissues that contribute to the ontogeny and progression of different pathologies such as, for example, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an integrated view of all these new Vav family-dependent signaling and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Institut du Thorax, UMR1087 CNRS 6291, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes, France
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663-194-634
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Adori C, Daraio T, Kuiper R, Barde S, Horvathova L, Yoshitake T, Ihnatko R, Valladolid-Acebes I, Vercruysse P, Wellendorf AM, Gramignoli R, Bozoky B, Kehr J, Theodorsson E, Cancelas JA, Mravec B, Jorns C, Ellis E, Mulder J, Uhlén M, Bark C, Hökfelt T. Disorganization and degeneration of liver sympathetic innervations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease revealed by 3D imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabg5733. [PMID: 34290096 PMCID: PMC8294768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic nerves have a complex role in synchronizing liver metabolism. Here, we used three-dimensional (3D) immunoimaging to explore the integrity of the hepatic nervous system in experimental and human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We demonstrate parallel signs of mild degeneration and axonal sprouting of sympathetic innervations in early stages of experimental NAFLD and a collapse of sympathetic arborization in steatohepatitis. Human fatty livers display a similar pattern of sympathetic nerve degeneration, correlating with the severity of NAFLD pathology. We show that chronic sympathetic hyperexcitation is a key factor in the axonal degeneration, here genetically phenocopied in mice deficient of the Rac-1 activator Vav3. In experimental steatohepatitis, 3D imaging reveals a severe portal vein contraction, spatially correlated with the extension of the remaining nerves around the portal vein, enlightening a potential intrahepatic neuronal mechanism of portal hypertension. These fundamental alterations in liver innervation and vasculature uncover previously unidentified neuronal components in NAFLD pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Teresa Daraio
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lubica Horvathova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Takashi Yoshitake
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58285 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauline Vercruysse
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bela Bozoky
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58285 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0055, USA
| | - Boris Mravec
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Carl Jorns
- PO Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Department of Transplantation Surgery and Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Bark
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Conde J, Fernández-Pisonero I, Cuadrado M, Abad A, Robles-Valero J, Bustelo XR. Distinct Roles of Vav Family Members in Adaptive and Innate Immune Models of Arthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:695. [PMID: 34205377 PMCID: PMC8234068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests that three members of the VAV family (VAV1, VAV2 and VAV3) of signal transduction proteins could play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is not known currently whether the inhibition of these proteins protects against this disease and, if so, the number of family members that must be eliminated to get a therapeutic impact. To address this issue, we have used a collection of single and compound Vav family knockout mice in experimental models for antigen-dependent (methylated bovine serum albumin injections) and neutrophil-dependent (Zymosan A injections) rheumatoid arthritis in mice. We show here that the specific elimination of Vav1 is sufficient to block the development of antigen-induced arthritis. This protection is likely associated with the roles of this Vav family member in the development and selection of immature T cells within the thymus as well as in the subsequent proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells. By contrast, we have found that depletion of Vav2 reduces the number of neutrophils present in the joints of Zymosan A-treated mice. Despite this, the elimination of Vav2 does not protect against the joint degeneration triggered by this experimental model. These findings indicate that Vav1 is the most important pharmacological target within this family, although its main role is limited to the protection against antigen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. They also indicate that the three Vav family proteins do not play redundant roles in these pathobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pisonero
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Cuadrado
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Robles-Valero
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.C.); (I.F.-P.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (J.R.-V.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Kou Z, Dai W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Its roles in physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114428. [PMID: 33515530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially discovered as a cellular protein involved in mediating the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Extensive research in the past two decades has identified several families of physiological ligands and uncovered important functions of AHR in normal development and homeostasis. Deficiency in AHR expression disrupts major signaling systems and transcriptional programs, which appear to be responsible for the development of numerous developmental abnormalities including cardiac hypertrophy and epidermal hyperplasia. This mini review primarily summarizes recent advances in our understanding of AHR functions in normal physiology with an emphasis on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, integumentary, nervous, and immunomodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Kou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States.
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14
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Coelho NR, Matos C, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Sequeira CO, Morello J, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC. AHR canonical pathway: in vivo findings to support novel antihypertensive strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105407. [PMID: 33418029 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (HTN) is a disease where genetic and environmental factors interact to produce a high prevalent set of almost indistinguishable phenotypes. The weak definition of what is under the umbrella of HTN is a consequence of the lack of knowledge on the players involved in environment-gene interaction and their impact on blood pressure (BP) and mechanisms. The disclosure of these mechanisms that sense and (mal)adapt to toxic-environmental stimuli might at least determine some phenotypes of essential HTN and will have important therapeutic implications. In the present manuscript, we looked closer to the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in cardiovascular physiology, but better known by its involvement in biotransformation of xenobiotics through its canonical pathway. This review aims to disclose the contribution of the AHR-canonical pathway to HTN. For better mirror the complexity of the mechanisms involved in BP regulation, we privileged evidence from in vivo studies. Here we ascertained the level of available evidence and a comprehensive characterization of the AHR-related phenotype of HTN. We reviewed clinical and rodent studies on AHR-HTN genetic association and on AHR ligands and their impact on BP. We concluded that AHR is a druggable mechanistic linker of environmental exposure to HTN. We conclude that is worth to investigate the canonical pathway of AHR and the expression/polymorphisms of its related genes and/or other biomarkers (e.g. tryptophan-related ligands), in order to identify patients that may benefit from an AHR-centered antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Coelho
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Clara Matos
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - António B Pimpão
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - M João Correia
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Sequeira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
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Miramontes-González JP, Usategui-Martín R, Martín-Vallejo J, Ziegler M, de Isla LL, O Connor D, González-Sarmiento R. VAV3 rs7528153 and VAV3-AS1 rs1185222 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 80:60-65. [PMID: 32540412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of essential hypertension is complex and involves both environmental and genetic factors. Approximately 30% of the inter-individual variability in blood pressure is genetically determined. It has been shown that numerous vasoconstrictors stimulate RhoA in local populations of vascular SMCs that, in turn, promote localised constriction of arterial blood vessels and elevations in blood pressure. The VAV3 gene encodes for VAV3 protein, a Rho GEF factor. VAV3-AS1 gene, a lncRNA, may regulate VAV3 expression. We performed an observational prospective case-control study, including patients attending in the Vascular Risk Unit from the University Hospital Salamanca for 6 months. A replication study was performed with data from The Kaiser Permanent database of the University of California. The results suggest that T allele of the VAV3 rs7528153 and G allele of the VAV3-AS1 rs11185222 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. We hypothesise that these polymorphisms could modify blood pressure, likely through a modification in the Rho/Rac pathway. Our results suggest that those polymorphisms could be useful genetic markers of susceptibility to suffering hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pablo Miramontes-González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Valladolid, Spain; Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-USAL-CSIC and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California-UCSD, United States.
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-USAL-CSIC and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Vallejo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-USAL-CSIC and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Statistics, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Michael Ziegler
- Department of Medicine. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California-UCSD, United States
| | - Leopoldo López de Isla
- Cardiac Image Unit. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel O Connor
- Department of Medicine. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California-UCSD, United States
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-USAL-CSIC and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
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Younes N, Zhou L, Amatullah H, Mei SHJ, Herrero R, Lorente JA, Stewart DJ, Marsden P, Liles WC, Hu P, Dos Santos CC. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells modulate response to experimental sepsis-induced lung injury via regulation of miR-27a-5p in recipient mice. Thorax 2020; 75:556-567. [PMID: 32546573 PMCID: PMC7361025 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy mitigates lung injury and improves survival in murine models of sepsis. Precise mechanisms of therapeutic benefit remain poorly understood. Objectives To identify host-derived regulatory elements that may contribute to the therapeutic effects of MSCs, we profiled the microRNAome (miRNAome) and transcriptome of lungs from mice randomised to experimental polymicrobial sepsis-induced lung injury treated with either placebo or MSCs. Methods and results A total of 11 997 genes and 357 microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in lungs were used to generate a statistical estimate of association between miRNAs and their putative mRNA targets; 1395 miRNA:mRNA significant association pairs were found to be differentially expressed (false discovery rate ≤0.05). MSC administration resulted in the downregulation of miR-27a-5p and upregulation of its putative target gene VAV3 (adjusted p=1.272E-161) in septic lungs. In human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, miR-27a-5p expression levels were increased while VAV3 was decreased following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) stimulation. Transfection of miR-27a-5p mimic or inhibitor resulted in increased or decreased VAV3 message, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated specific binding of miR-27a-5p to the 3′UTR of VAV3. miR27a-5p inhibition mitigated TNF-induced (1) delayed wound closure, increased (2) adhesion and (3) transendothelial migration but did not alter permeability. In vivo, cell infiltration was attenuated by intratracheal coinstillation of the miR-27a-5p inhibitor, but this did not protect against endotoxin-induced oedema formation. Conclusions Our data support involvement of miR-27a-5p and VAV3 in cellular adhesion and infiltration during acute lung injury and a potential role for miR-27a-based therapeutics for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Younes
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Zhou
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hajera Amatullah
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Critical Care Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Getafe, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Lorente
- Critical Care Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Getafe, Spain
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Marsden
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Critical Care Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Vav2 pharmaco-mimetic mice reveal the therapeutic value and caveats of the catalytic inactivation of a Rho exchange factor. Oncogene 2020; 39:5098-5111. [PMID: 32528129 PMCID: PMC7610363 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigm holds that the inhibition of Rho guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), the enzymes that stimulate Rho GTPases, can be a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat Rho-dependent tumors. However, formal validation of this idea using in vivo models is still missing. In this context, it is worth remembering that many Rho GEFs can mediate both catalysis-dependent and independent responses, thus raising the possibility that the inhibition of their catalytic activities might not be sufficient per se to block tumorigenic processes. On the other hand, the inhibition of these enzymes can trigger collateral side effects that could preclude the practical implementation of anti-GEF therapies. To address those issues, we have generated mouse models to mimic the effect of the systemic application of an inhibitor for the catalytic activity of the Rho GEF Vav2 at the organismal level. Our results indicate that lowering the catalytic activity of Vav2 below specific thresholds is sufficient to block skin tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. They also reveal that the negative side effects typically induced by the loss of Vav2 can be bypassed depending on the overall level of Vav2 inhibition achieved in vivo. These data underscore the pros and cons of anti-Rho GEF therapies for cancer treatment. They also support the idea that Vav2 could represent a viable drug target.
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18
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Pawlik A, Malinowski D, Paradowska-Gorycka A, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V. VAV1 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093214. [PMID: 32380774 PMCID: PMC7246862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an important public health problem because this disease often causes disability. RA is a chronic, destructive autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction and the development of extraarticular manifestations. VAV1 is an intracellular signal transduction protein that plays a significant role in signal transduction in T cells and affects T cell development, proliferation and activation. The VAV1 gene contains 27 exons and is located on chromosome 19. In this study, we examined the association between VAV1 rs2546133 and rs2617822 polymorphisms and RA. METHODS We examined 422 patients with RA and 338 healthy subjects as the control group. RESULTS Among RA patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of VAV1 rs2546133 polymorphism in T allele carriers (TT + CT versus CC, odds ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.73, p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the rs2617822 genotypes and alleles between RA patients and the control group. Additionally, patients who carried the VAV1 rs2546133 T and rs2617822 G allele presented an increased frequency of extraarticular manifestations: vasculitis, amyloidosis and Sjogren syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association between VAV1 gene rs2617822 polymorphism and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (V.D.)
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (V.D.)
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19
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Li Y, Li B, Yang M, Han H, Chen T, Wei Q, Miao Z, Yin L, Wang R, Shen J, Li X, Xu X, Fang M, Zhao S. Genome-Wide Association Study and Fine Mapping Reveals Candidate Genes for Birth Weight of Yorkshire and Landrace Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:183. [PMID: 32292414 PMCID: PMC7118202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth weight of pigs is an important economic factor in the livestock industry. The identification of the genes and variants that underlie birth weight is of great importance. In this study, we integrated two genotyping methods, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip analysis and restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to genotype genome-wide SNPs. In total, 45,175 and 139,634 SNPs were detected with the SNP chip and RAD-seq, respectively. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the combined SNP panels identified two significant loci located at chr1: 97,745,041 and chr4: 112,031,589, that explained 6.36% and 4.25% of the phenotypic variance respectively. To reduce interval containing causal variants, we imputed sequence-level SNPs in the GWAS identified regions and fine-mapped the causative variants into two narrower genomic intervals: a ∼100 kb interval containing 71 SNPs and a broader ∼870 kb interval with 432 SNPs. This fine-mapping highlighted four promising candidate genes, SKOR2, SMAD2, VAV3, and NTNG1. Additionally, the functional genes, SLC25A24, PRMT6 and STXBP3, are also located near the fine-mapping region. These results suggest that these candidate genes may have contribute substantially to the birth weight of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manman Yang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hu Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zepu Miao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lilin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junran Shen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics - Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Fernández-Nevado L, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Bustelo XR. Lysine Acetylation Reshapes the Downstream Signaling Landscape of Vav1 in Lymphocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030609. [PMID: 32143292 PMCID: PMC7140538 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav1 works both as a catalytic Rho GTPase activator and an adaptor molecule. These functions, which are critical for T cell development and antigenic responses, are tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent. However, it is not known whether other posttranslational modifications can contribute to the regulation of the biological activity of this protein. Here, we show that Vav1 becomes acetylated on lysine residues in a stimulation- and SH2 domain-dependent manner. Using a collection of both acetylation- and deacetylation-mimicking mutants, we show that the acetylation of four lysine residues (Lys222, Lys252, Lys587, and Lys716) leads to the downmodulation of the adaptor function of Vav1 that triggers the stimulation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). These sites belong to two functional subclasses according to mechanistic criteria. We have also unveiled additional acetylation sites potentially involved in either the stimulation (Lys782) or the downmodulation (Lys335, Lys374) of specific Vav1-dependent downstream responses. Collectively, these results indicate that Nε-lysine acetylation can play variegated roles in the regulation of Vav1 signaling. Unlike the case of the tyrosine phosphorylation step, this new regulatory layer is not conserved in other Vav family paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Nevado
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.-N.); (L.F.L.-M.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663194634
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21
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Huang R, Guo G, Lu L, Fu R, Luo J, Liu Z, Gu Y, Yang W, Zheng Q, Chao T, He L, Wang Y, Niu Z, Wang H, Lawrence T, Malissen M, Malissen B, Liang Y, Zhang L. The three members of the Vav family proteins form complexes that concur to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:2006-2019. [PMID: 31570505 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development, the scavenger receptor CD36 plays critical roles in lipid uptake and triggering of atherogenicity via the activation of Vav molecules. The Vav family includes three highly conserved members known as Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3. As Vav1 and Vav3 were found to exert function in atherosclerosis development, it remains thus to decipher whether Vav2 also plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study we found that Vav2 deficiency in RAW264.7 macrophages significantly diminished oxidized LDL uptake and CD36 signaling, demonstrating that each Vav protein family member was required for foam cell formation. Genetic disruption of Vav2 in ApoE-deficient C57BL/6 mice significantly inhibited the severity of atherosclerosis. Strikingly, we further found that the genetic deletion of each member of the Vav protein family by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a similar alteration of transcriptomic profiles of macrophages. The three members of the Vav proteins were found to form complexes, and genetic ablation of each single Vav molecule was sufficient to prevent endocytosis of CD36. The functional interdependence of the three Vav family members in foam cell formation was due to their indispensable roles in transcriptomic programing, lipid uptake, and activation of the JNK kinase in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo Guo
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Le He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China .,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China .,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
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22
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Bustelo XR. The Vav GEF Family: An Evolutionary and Functional Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:E465. [PMID: 31100928 PMCID: PMC6562523 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vav proteins play roles as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and signaling adaptors downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The recent sequencing of the genomes of many species has revealed that this protein family originated in choanozoans, a group of unicellular organisms from which animal metazoans are believed to have originated from. Since then, the Vav family underwent expansions and reductions in its members during the evolutionary transitions that originated the agnates, chondrichthyes, some teleost fish, and some neoaves. Exotic members of the family harboring atypical structural domains can be also found in some invertebrate species. In this review, we will provide a phylogenetic perspective of the evolution of the Vav family. We will also pay attention to the structure, signaling properties, regulatory layers, and functions of Vav proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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23
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Lorenzo–Martín LF, Menacho–Márquez M, Fabbiano S, Al–Massadi O, Abad A, Rodríguez–Fdez S, Sevilla MA, Montero MJ, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Bustelo XR. Vagal afferents contribute to sympathoexcitation-driven metabolic dysfunctions. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:483-496. [PMID: 30703063 PMCID: PMC6368248 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system are required to maintain physiological and metabolic homeostasis. Using Vav3-deficient mice as a model for chronic sympathoexcitation-associated disorders, we report here that afferent fibers of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve are needed for the development of the peripheral sympathoexcitation, tachycardia, tachypnea, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and adipose tissue thermogenesis present in those mice. This neuronal pathway contributes to proper activity of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a sympathoregulatory brainstem center hyperactive in Vav3-/- mice. Vagal afferent inputs are also required for the development of additional pathophysiological conditions associated with deregulated rostral ventrolateral medulla activity. By contrast, they are dispensable for other peripheral sympathoexcitation-associated disorders sparing metabolic alterations in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Francisco Lorenzo–Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho–Márquez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Omar Al–Massadi
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodríguez–Fdez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María A. Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María J. Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC–University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Corresponding author: XRB ()
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24
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Vav proteins maintain epithelial traits in breast cancer cells using miR-200c-dependent and independent mechanisms. Oncogene 2018; 38:209-227. [PMID: 30087437 PMCID: PMC6230471 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bidirectional regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) is key in tumorigenesis. Rho GTPases regulate this process via canonical pathways that impinge on the stability of cell-to-cell contacts, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell invasiveness. Here, we report that the Rho GTPase activators Vav2 and Vav3 utilize a new Rac1-dependent and miR-200c-dependent mechanism that maintains the epithelial state by limiting the abundance of the Zeb2 transcriptional repressor in breast cancer cells. In parallel, Vav proteins engage a mir-200c-independent expression prometastatic program that maintains epithelial cell traits only under 3D culture conditions. Consistent with this, the depletion of endogenous Vav proteins triggers mesenchymal features in epithelioid breast cancer cells. Conversely, the ectopic expression of an active version of Vav2 promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transitions using E-cadherin-dependent and independent mechanisms depending on the mesenchymal breast cancer cell line used. In silico analyses suggest that the negative Vav anti-EMT pathway is operative in luminal breast tumors. Gene signatures from the Vav-associated proepithelial and prometastatic programs have prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
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Lycopene-supplemented diet ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats with hypertension induced by Angiotensin II. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hori Y, Touei D, Saitoh R, Yamagishi M, Kanai K, Hoshi F, Itoh N. The Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist Eplerenone Inhibits Isoproterenol-Induced Collagen-I and 11β-HSD1 Expression in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Left Ventricle. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1716-1723. [PMID: 28966243 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-induction of collagen-I synthesis is partially mediated by the cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) system. However, it remains unclear whether the selective MR antagonist, eplerenone, inhibits collagen-I synthesis induced by β-AR stimulation. We investigated the effects of eplerenone on the responses to a non-selective β-AR agonist, isoproterenol, which induced collagen-I synthesis in primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and the left ventricle. mRNAs encoding the MR and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11β-HSD1) were evident in the left ventricle and primary CFs. mRNAs encoding the CYP family 11 subfamily B member 2 (CYP11-B2) were not detected, even after isoproterenol treatment. In vivo, isoproterenol induced collagenous fiber accumulation in the left ventricle. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), 11β-HSD1 levels, and mRNA/protein levels of collagen-I increased upon exposure to isoproterenol, but these increases were inhibited by eplerenone co-treatment. In primary CFs, isoproterenol increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the expression levels of both 11β-HSD1 and collagen-I; these isoproterenol-attributable effects were inhibited by co-treatment with eplerenone and PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase activity. The results suggest that 11β-HSD1 but not CYP11-B2 is expressed in primary CFs. Eplerenone inhibited isoproterenol-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and expression of 11β-HSD1 and collagen-I in primary CFs, as well as the progression of cardiac fibrosis in the left ventricle. Therefore, eplerenone inhibited the isoproterenol-induced increases in 11β-HSD1 and collagen-I expression in primary CFs, and progression of cardiac fibrosis in the left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Daisuke Touei
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Ryuta Saitoh
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Maki Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Fumio Hoshi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Naoyuki Itoh
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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Hilfenhaus G, Nguyen DP, Freshman J, Prajapati D, Ma F, Song D, Ziyad S, Cuadrado M, Pellegrini M, Bustelo XR, Iruela-Arispe ML. Vav3-induced cytoskeletal dynamics contribute to heterotypic properties of endothelial barriers. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2813-2830. [PMID: 29858212 PMCID: PMC6080943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through multiple cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, epithelial and endothelial sheets form tight barriers. Modulators of the cytoskeleton contribute to barrier stability and act as rheostats of vascular permeability. In this study, we sought to identify cytoskeletal regulators that underlie barrier diversity across vessels. To achieve this, we correlated functional and structural barrier features to gene expression of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from different vascular beds. Within a subset of identified candidates, we found that the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 was exclusively expressed by microvascular ECs and was closely associated with a high-resistance barrier phenotype. Ectopic expression of Vav3 in large artery and brain ECs significantly enhanced barrier resistance and cortical rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, we found that the barrier effect of Vav3 is dependent on its Dbl homology domain and downstream activation of Rap1. Importantly, inactivation of Vav3 in vivo resulted in increased vascular leakage, highlighting its function as a key regulator of barrier stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hilfenhaus
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dai Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan Freshman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Divya Prajapati
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dana Song
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Safiyyah Ziyad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Myriam Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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High-throughput flow cytometry for drug discovery: principles, applications, and case studies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1844-1850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Roth S, Bergmann H, Jaeger M, Yeroslaviz A, Neumann K, Koenig PA, Prazeres da Costa C, Vanes L, Kumar V, Johnson M, Menacho-Márquez M, Habermann B, Tybulewicz VL, Netea M, Bustelo XR, Ruland J. Vav Proteins Are Key Regulators of Card9 Signaling for Innate Antifungal Immunity. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2572-2583. [PMID: 27926862 PMCID: PMC5177621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The innate immune system senses fungal pathogens through Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which signal through the conserved immune adaptor Card9. Although Card9 is essential for antifungal defense, the mechanisms that couple CLR-proximal events to Card9 control are not well defined. Here, we identify Vav proteins as key activators of the Card9 pathway. Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3 cooperate downstream of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle to engage Card9 for NF-κB control and proinflammatory gene transcription. Although Vav family members show functional redundancy, Vav1/2/3−/− mice phenocopy Card9−/− animals with extreme susceptibility to fungi. In this context, Vav3 is the single most important Vav in mice, and a polymorphism in human VAV3 is associated with susceptibility to candidemia in patients. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism for CLR-mediated Card9 regulation that controls innate immunity to fungal infections. Vav proteins control CLR-mediated inflammatory responses CLR-induced NF-κB activation is regulated by Vav proteins Vav/Card9 signaling is critical for antifungal host defense
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roth
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Bergmann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University, Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Research Group Computational Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Paul-Albert Koenig
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Research Group Computational Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victor L Tybulewicz
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mihai Netea
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University, Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red-Oncologia, Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Ulc A, Gottschling C, Schäfer I, Wegrzyn D, van Leeuwen S, Luft V, Reinhard J, Faissner A. Involvement of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 in central nervous system development and plasticity. Biol Chem 2017; 398:663-675. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small GTP-hydrolyzing enzymes (GTPases) of the RhoA family play manifold roles in cell biology and are regulated by upstream guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Herein, we focus on the GEFs of the Vav subfamily. Vav1 was originally described as a proto-oncogene of the hematopoietic lineage. The GEFs Vav2 and Vav3 are more broadly expressed in various tissues. In particular, the GEF Vav3 may play important roles in the developing nervous system during the differentiation of neural stem cells into the major lineages, namely neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. We discuss its putative regulatory roles for progenitor differentiation in the developing retina, polarization of neurons and formation of synapses, migration of oligodendrocyte progenitors and establishment of myelin sheaths. We propose that Vav3 mediates the response of various neural cell types to environmental cues.
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Zhang J, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ. Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms underlying differential heart development in fast- and slow-growing broilers under heat stress. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:295. [PMID: 28407751 PMCID: PMC5390434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern fast-growing broilers are susceptible to heart failure under heat stress because their relatively small hearts cannot meet increased need of blood pumping. To improve the cardiac tolerance to heat stress in modern broilers through breeding, we need to find the important genes and pathways that contribute to imbalanced cardiac development and frequent occurrence of heat-related heart dysfunction. Two broiler lines - Ross 708 and Illinois - were included in this study as a fast-growing model and a slow-growing model respectively. Each broiler line was separated to two groups at 21 days posthatch. One group was subjected to heat stress treatment in the range of 35-37 °C for 8 h per day, and the other was kept in thermoneutral condition. Body and heart weights were measured at 42 days posthatch, and gene expression in left ventricles were compared between treatments and broiler lines through RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS Body weight and normalized heart weight were significantly reduced by heat stress only in Ross broilers. RNA-seq results of 44 genes were validated using Biomark assay. A total of 325 differentially expressed (DE) genes were detected between heat stress and thermoneutral in Ross 708 birds, but only 3 in Illinois broilers. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted dramatic changes in multiple cellular activities especially downregulation of cell cycle. Comparison between two lines showed that cell cycle activity is higher in Ross than Illinois in thermoneutral condition but is decreased under heat stress. Among the significant pathways (P < 0.01) listed for different comparisons, "Mitotic Roles of Polo-like Kinases" is always ranked first. CONCLUSIONS The increased susceptibility of modern broilers to cardiac dysfunction under heat stress compared to slow-growing broilers could be due to diminished heart capacity related to reduction in relative heart size. The smaller relative heart size in Ross heat stress group than in Ross thermoneutral group is suggested by the transcriptome analysis to be caused by decreased cell cycle activity and increased apoptosis. The DE genes in RNA-seq analysis and significant pathways in IPA provides potential targets for breeding of heat-tolerant broilers with optimized heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 806 Stange Rd, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 806 Stange Rd, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Association of VAV2 and VAV3 polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41875. [PMID: 28157227 PMCID: PMC5291103 DOI: 10.1038/srep41875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are cardiovascular risk factors closely associated to the development of renal and cardiovascular target organ damage. VAV2 and VAV3, members of the VAV family proto-oncogenes, are guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho and Rac GTPase family, which is related with cardiovascular homeostasis. We have analyzed the relationship between the presence of VAV2 rs602990 and VAV3 rs7528153 polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage (heart, vessels and kidney) in 411 subjects. Our results show that being carrier of the T allele in VAV2 rs602990 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of obesity, reduced levels of ankle-brachial index and diastolic blood pressure and reduced retinal artery caliber. In addition, being carrier of T allele is associated with increased risk of target organ damage in males. On the other hand, being carrier of the T allele in VAV3 rs7528153 polymorphism is associated with a decreased susceptibility of developing a pathologic state composed by the presence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity or cardiovascular damage, and with an increased risk of developing altered basal glycaemia. This is the first report showing an association between VAV2 and VAV3 polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage.
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Gómez-Roso M, Montero MJ, Carrón R, Sevilla MA. Zofenopril exerts a cardiovascular protective effect on rats infused with angiotensin II beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1422-1429. [PMID: 27670145 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated levels of angiotensin II are implicated in the hypertensive pathophysiological process. Zofenopril has a sulphydryl group which gives it antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate its beneficial effects beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition using angiotensin II-infused rats as hypertension model. METHODS Zofenopril was added in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure was assessed by the tail-cuff method. Left ventricular weight/body weight ratio was calculated as cardiac hypertrophy index. An estimate of the cardiac collagen was performed by measuring the content of hydroxyproline. Vascular reactivity was evaluated on aortic rings and isolated perfused kidney, and vascular structure in thoracic aorta was studied. Superoxide anion generation was quantified in aorta by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. KEY FINDINGS Zofenopril partially prevented the increase in systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II and avoided the increase in collagen deposition. The treatment improved vasorelaxing responses, reversed the vascular remodelling and abolished the effects of angiotensin II on the production of ·O2-. It is worth to mention that all these results are observed even with high levels of plasma angiotensin. CONCLUSION Zofenopril could exert additional beneficial effects beyond ACE inhibition that would justify the improvement of pathophysiological processes triggered by angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gómez-Roso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María J Montero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosalía Carrón
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María A Sevilla
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Gamella-Pozuelo L, Grande MT, Clemente-Lorenzo M, Murillo-Gómez C, De Pablo F, López-Novoa JM, Hernández-Sánchez C. Tyrosine hydroxylase haploinsufficiency prevents age-associated arterial pressure elevation and increases half-life in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:113-120. [PMID: 27771508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines are essential for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis under basal and stress conditions. We aim to determine the impact of deletion of a single allele of the tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) gene might have on aging arterial pressure and life-span. We found that Th haploinsufficiency prevents age-associated increase of arterial pressure (AP) in mature adult mice, and it results in the extension of the half-life of Th-heterozygous (TH-HET) mice respect to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Heart performance was similar in both genotypes. To further investigate the lack of increase in AP with age in TH-HET mice, we measured the AP response to intra-peritoneal administration of substances involved in AP regulation. The response to acetylcholine and the basal sympathetic tone were similar in both genotypes, while norepinephrine had a greater pressor effect in TH-HET mice, which correlated with altered adrenoreceptor expression in blood vessels and the heart. Furthermore, sympatho-adrenomedular response to stress was attenuated in TH-HET mice. Plasma catecholamine levels and urine glucose increased markedly in WT but not in TH-HET mice after stress. Our results showed that TH-HET mice are resistant to age-associated hypertension, present a reduction in the sympathetic response to stress and display an extended half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gamella-Pozuelo
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Grande
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Cayetana Murillo-Gómez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Flora De Pablo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain.
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Quirós Y, Blanco-Gozalo V, Sanchez-Gallego JI, López-Hernandez FJ, Ruiz J, Perez de Obanos MP, López-Novoa JM. Cardiotrophin-1 therapy prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:137-146. [PMID: 26996880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are very effective antibiotics for the treatment of severe infections, but they rank among the most frequent causes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is an unmet therapeutic objective. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, has been reported to protect the kidney against toxic and ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). We have assessed the effect of rat CT-1 in the severity of gentamicin (G)-induced AKI. Groups of male Wistar rats received the following for 6 consecutive days: i) isotonic saline solution (group CONT), ii) G, 150mg/kg/day, i.p. (group G), iii) CT-1, 100μg/kg/day i.v. (group CT-1), or iv) G and CT-1 at the doses described above. The G group showed a manifest AKI characterized by low creatinine clearance, high plasma creatinine and urea levels, increased urinary excretion of proteins, glucose and AKI markers such as N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney-injury molecule-1 and T-gelsolin, increased kidney levels of CD-68, iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α, and markedly higher histological renal damage and leukocyte infiltration than the CONT and CT-1 groups. Administration of CT-1 together with G reduced almost all of the above-described manifestations of G-induced AKI. The results of this study have potential clinical application, as CT-1 is near to being used as a drug for organ protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco J López-Hernandez
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - José M López-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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A Conserved GEF for Rho-Family GTPases Acts in an EGF Signaling Pathway to Promote Sleep-like Quiescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2016; 202:1153-66. [PMID: 26801183 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.183038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is evolutionarily conserved and required for organism homeostasis and survival. Despite this importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sleep are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sleep-like behavioral quiescence and thus provides a valuable, simple model system for the study of cellular and molecular regulators of this process. In C. elegans, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is required in the neurosecretory neuron ALA to promote sleep-like behavioral quiescence after cellular stress. We describe a novel role for VAV-1, a conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho-family GTPases, in regulation of sleep-like behavioral quiescence. VAV-1, in a GEF-dependent manner, acts in ALA to suppress locomotion and feeding during sleep-like behavioral quiescence in response to cellular stress. Additionally, VAV-1 activity is required for EGF-induced sleep-like quiescence and normal levels of EGFR and secretory dense core vesicles in ALA. Importantly, the role of VAV-1 in promoting cellular stress-induced behavioral quiescence is vital for organism health because VAV-1 is required for normal survival after cellular stress.
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Tan BB, Zhang MM, Li Y, Zhao Q, Fan LQ, Liu Y, Wang D. Inhibition of Vav3 gene can promote apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line MGC803 by regulating ERK pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7823-33. [PMID: 26695150 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies proved that Vav3 gene was overexpressed in cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of Vav3 in apoptosis still keeps unclear; therefore, the relationship between Vav3 gene and apoptosis of gastric cancer (GC) was explored in the present study. Vav3-siRNA was transfected into MGC803 cells, and then cell activity and apoptosis rate were tested with MTT and FCM; apoptosis-related genes and proteins in MAPK signaling pathway were also tested. Results showed that Vav3 was overexpressed in GC than in adjacent normal tissues (all P < 0.05), and expression of Vav3 was related to degree of histological differentiation, cancer invasion depth, and lymphatic metastasis (Χ (2) = 7.185, P = 0.007; Χ (2) = 18.654, P < 0.001; Χ (2) = 5.058, P = 0.025). Vav3 silencing inhibited activity of MGC803 cells, and apoptosis rate of cells was affected. Vav3-siRNA transfection led to changes of apoptosis-related genes such as Survivin, xIAP, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and Bax (all P < 0.01). After transfection, ratio of phosphorylation of ERK significantly reduced. We concluded that Vav3 inhibition can suppress cell activity and promote apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-related genes through the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Bo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical laboratory, HeBei General Hospital, 348 He-Ping West St, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Li-Qiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jian-Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
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González-Núñez M, Riolobos AS, Castellano O, Fuentes-Calvo I, de los Ángeles Sevilla M, Oujo B, Pericacho M, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Pérez-Barriocanal F, ten Dijke P, López-Novoa JM. Heterozygous disruption of activin receptor-like kinase 1 is associated with increased arterial pressure in mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1427-39. [PMID: 26398936 PMCID: PMC4631783 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1) is a type I cell-surface receptor for the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of proteins. Hypertension is related to TGF-β1, because increased TGF-β1 expression is correlated with an elevation in arterial pressure (AP) and TGF-β expression is upregulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of ALK-1 in regulation of AP using Alk1 haploinsufficient mice (Alk1(+/-)). We observed that systolic and diastolic AP were significantly higher in Alk1(+/-) than in Alk1(+/+) mice, and all functional and structural cardiac parameters (echocardiography and electrocardiography) were similar in both groups. Alk1(+/-) mice showed alterations in the circadian rhythm of AP, with higher AP than Alk1(+/+) mice during most of the light period. Higher AP in Alk1(+/-) mice is not a result of a reduction in the NO-dependent vasodilator response or of overactivation of the peripheral renin-angiotensin system. However, intracerebroventricular administration of losartan had a hypotensive effect in Alk1(+/-) and not in Alk1(+/+) mice. Alk1(+/-) mice showed a greater hypotensive response to the β-adrenergic antagonist atenolol and higher concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma than Alk1(+/+) mice. The number of brain cholinergic neurons in the anterior basal forebrain was reduced in Alk1(+/-) mice. Thus, we concluded that the ALK-1 receptor is involved in the control of AP, and the high AP of Alk1(+/-) mice is explained mainly by the sympathetic overactivation shown by these animals, which is probably related to the decreased number of cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Núñez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Adela S Riolobos
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Orlando Castellano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Isabel Fuentes-Calvo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Oujo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Barriocanal
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M López-Novoa
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto 'Reina Sofía' de Investigación Nefrológica, Salamanca 37007, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Immunosuppression-Independent Role of Regulatory T Cells against Hypertension-Driven Renal Dysfunctions. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3528-46. [PMID: 26240279 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00518-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-associated cardiorenal diseases represent one of the heaviest burdens for current health systems. In addition to hemodynamic damage, recent results have revealed that hematopoietic cells contribute to the development of these diseases by generating proinflammatory and profibrotic environments in the heart and kidney. However, the cell subtypes involved remain poorly characterized. Here we report that CD39(+) regulatory T (TREG) cells utilize an immunosuppression-independent mechanism to counteract renal and possibly cardiac damage during angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent hypertension. This mechanism relies on the direct apoptosis of tissue-resident neutrophils by the ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase activity of CD39. In agreement with this, experimental and genetic alterations in TREG/TH cell ratios have a direct impact on tissue-resident neutrophil numbers, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiorenal fibrosis, and, to a lesser extent, arterial pressure elevation during AngII-driven hypertension. These results indicate that TREG cells constitute a first protective barrier against hypertension-driven tissue fibrosis and, in addition, suggest new therapeutic avenues to prevent hypertension-linked cardiorenal diseases.
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Abstract
The Vav family is a group of tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated signal transduction molecules hierarchically located downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The main function of these proteins is to work as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for members of the Rho GTPase family. In addition, they can exhibit a variety of catalysis-independent roles in specific signaling contexts. Vav proteins play essential signaling roles for both the development and/or effector functions of a large variety of cell lineages, including those belonging to the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. They also contribute to pathological states such as cancer, immune-related dysfunctions, and atherosclerosis. Here, I will provide an integrated view about the evolution, regulation, and effector properties of these signaling molecules. In addition, I will discuss the pros and cons for their potential consideration as therapeutic targets.
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Key Words
- Ac, acidic
- Ahr, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- CH, calponin homology
- CSH3, most C-terminal SH3 domain of Vav proteins
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DH, Dbl-homology domain
- Dbl-homology
- GDP/GTP exchange factors
- GEF, guanosine nucleotide exchange factor
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IP3, inositoltriphosphate
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- NSH3, most N-terminal SH3 domain of Vav proteins
- PH, plekstrin-homology domain
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKD, protein kinase D
- PLC-g, phospholipase C-g
- PRR, proline-rich region
- PTK, protein tyrosine kinase
- Phox, phagocyte oxidase
- Rho GTPases
- SH2, Src homology 2
- SH3, Src homology 3
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- Vav
- ZF, zinc finger region
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cancer
- cardiovascular biology
- disease
- immunology
- nervous system
- signaling
- therapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé R Bustelo
- a Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca ; Campus Unamuno; Salamanca , Spain
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41
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Identification of a Vav2-dependent mechanism for GDNF/Ret control of mesolimbic DAT trafficking. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1084-93. [PMID: 26147533 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) homeostasis is essential for a variety of brain activities. Dopamine transporter (DAT)-mediated DA reuptake is one of the most critical mechanisms for normal DA homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of DAT activity in the brain remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein Vav2 is required for DAT cell surface expression and transporter activity modulated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its cognate receptor Ret. Mice deficient in either Vav2 or Ret displayed elevated DAT activity, which was accompanied by an increase in intracellular DA selectively in the nucleus accumbens. Vav2(-/-) mice exposed to cocaine showed reduced DAT activity and diminished behavioral cocaine response. Our data demonstrate that Vav2 is a determinant of DAT trafficking in vivo and contributes to the maintenance of DA homeostasis in limbic DA neuron terminals.
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42
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Nemeckova I, Serwadczak A, Oujo B, Jezkova K, Rathouska J, Fikrova P, Varejckova M, Bernabeu C, Lopez-Novoa JM, Chlopicki S, Nachtigal P. High soluble endoglin levels do not induce endothelial dysfunction in mouse aorta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119665. [PMID: 25768936 PMCID: PMC4359129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of a soluble form of endoglin (sEng) circulating in plasma have been detected in various pathological conditions related to cardiovascular system. High concentration of sEng was also proposed to contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, but there is no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Therefore, in the present work we analyzed whether high sEng levels induce endothelial dysfunction in aorta by using transgenic mice with high expression of human sEng. Transgenic mice with high expression of human sEng on CBAxC57Bl/6J background (Sol-Eng+) and age-matched transgenic littermates that do not develop high levels of human soluble endoglin (control animals in this study) on chow diet were used. As expected, male and female Sol-Eng+ transgenic mice showed higher levels of plasma concentrations of human sEng as well as increased blood arterial pressure, as compared to control animals. Functional analysis either in vivo or ex vivo in isolated aorta demonstrated that the endothelium-dependent vascular function was similar in Sol-Eng+ and control mice. In addition, Western blot analysis showed no differences between Sol-Eng+ and control mice in the protein expression levels of endoglin, endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) and pro-inflammatory ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 from aorta. Our results demonstrate that high levels of soluble endoglin alone do not induce endothelial dysfunction in Sol-Eng+ mice. However, these data do not rule out the possibility that soluble endoglin might contribute to alteration of endothelial function in combination with other risk factors related to cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nemeckova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Serwadczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Oujo
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katerina Jezkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rathouska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fikrova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Varejckova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, CSIC, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Lopez-Novoa
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31–531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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43
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The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 regulates differentiation of progenitor cells in the developing mouse retina. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:423-440. [PMID: 25501893 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The seven main cell types in the mammalian retina arise from multipotent retinal progenitor cells, a process that is tightly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals. However, the molecular mechanisms that control proliferation, differentiation and cell-fate decisions of retinal progenitor cells are not fully understood yet. Here, we report that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3, a regulator of Rho-GTPases, is involved in retinal development. We demonstrate that Vav3 is expressed in the mouse retina during the embryonic period. In order to study the role of Vav3 in the developing retina, we generate Vav3-deficient mice. The loss of Vav3 results in an accelerated differentiation of retinal ganglion cells and cone photoreceptors during early and late embryonic development. We provide evidence that more retinal progenitor cells express the late progenitor marker Sox9 in Vav3-deficient mice than in wild-types. This premature differentiation is compensated during the postnatal period and late-born cell types such as bipolar cells and Müller glia display normal numbers. Taken together, our data imply that Vav3 is a regulator of retinal progenitor cell differentiation, thus highlighting a novel role for guanine nucleotide exchange factors in retinogenesis.
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44
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Tan B, Li Y, Zhao Q, Fan L, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhao X. Inhibition of Vav3 could reverse the drug resistance of gastric cancer cells by downregulating JNK signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:526-31. [PMID: 25430880 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Vav3 on the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect Vav3 and drug resistance genes in gastric cancer tissues as well as gastric cell lines such as SGC7901, SGC7901/adriamycin (ADR) and GES-1. Besides, Vav3-specific small interfering RNA (Vav3-siRNA) was applied to inhibit Vav3 in SGC7901/ADR, and SRB assay was used to determine chemosensitivity. After that, drug resistance genes and proteins in MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were detected after Vav3-siRNA transfection. The results showed that overexpressed Vav3 was found in gastric cancer tissues and SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells. Activity of SGC7901/ADR cells transfected with Vav3-siRNA combined with 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin was much lower than that of control groups, and MDR1/P-gp, GST-π and Bcl-2, Bax genes were significantly downregulated in Vav3-siRNA transfection group. AKT, ERK and p38 total protein and their phosphorylation levels showed no significant change in Vav3-siRNA-transfected SGC7901/ADR cells, whereas the ratio of C-Jun phosphorylation levels to total C-Jun protein was significantly downregulated. The results suggested that Vav3 may play a role in drug resistance of gastric cancer by inhibiting drug resistance genes MDR1/P-gp, GST-π and Bcl-2 through regulating the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
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45
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VAV-1 acts in a single interneuron to inhibit motor circuit activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5579. [PMID: 25412913 PMCID: PMC4241504 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal control of animal movement are not well understood. Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by a neuronal circuit that produces coordinated sinusoidal movement. Here we utilize this simple, yet elegant, behaviour to show that VAV-1, a conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho-family GTPases, negatively regulates motor circuit activity and the rate of locomotion. While vav-1 is expressed in a small subset of neurons, we find that VAV-1 function is required in a single interneuron, ALA, to regulate motor neuron circuit activity. Furthermore, we show by genetic and optogenetic manipulation of ALA that VAV-1 is required for the excitation and activation of this neuron. We find that ALA signalling inhibits command interneuron activity by abrogating excitatory signalling in the command interneurons, which is responsible for promoting motor neuron circuit activity. Together, our data describe a novel neuromodulatory role for VAV-1-dependent signalling in the regulation of motor circuit activity and locomotion.
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46
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Loirand G, Pacaud P. Involvement of Rho GTPases and their regulators in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Small GTPases 2014; 5:1-10. [PMID: 25496262 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of arterial blood pressure is essential to allow permanent adjustment of nutrient and oxygen supply to organs and tissues according to their need. This is achieved through highly coordinated regulation processes controlling vascular resistance through modulation of arterial smooth muscle contraction, cardiac output, and kidney function. Members of the Rho family of small GTPases, in particular RhoA and Rac1, have been identified as key signaling molecules playing important roles in several different steps of these regulatory processes. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of Rho GTPase signaling in the control of blood pressure and the pathogenesis of hypertension. We describe how knockout models in mouse, genetic, and pharmacological studies in human have been useful to address this question.
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Key Words
- AT1 receptor, type 1 Ang II receptor
- Ang II, angiotensine II
- ENaCs, epithelial Na+ channels
- Et-1, endothelin-1
- GAPs, GTPase-activating proteins
- GEFs, exchange factors
- GTPase activating proteins
- GTPases
- MLC, 20 kDa-myosin light chain
- MLCK, MLC kinase
- MLCP, MLC phosphatase
- NA, noradrenaline
- NHE3, sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3.
- NO, nitric oxide
- NTS, nucleus tractus solitaries
- PDE5, type 5 phosphodiesterase
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- Rock, Rho-kinase
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats
- SHRSP, stroke-prone SHR
- TxA2, thromboxane A2
- artery
- blood pressure
- cardiovascular
- eNOS, endothelial NO synthase
- exchange factors
- signal transduction
- small G proteins
- smooth muscle
- vasoconstriction
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47
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Genetic dissection of the vav2-rac1 signaling axis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4404-19. [PMID: 25288640 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01066-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are key in the regulation of blood pressure and the engagement of vascular pathologies, such as hypertension, arterial remodeling, and neointima formation. The role of the Rac1 GTPase in these cells remains poorly characterized. To clarify this issue, we have utilized genetically engineered mice to manipulate the signaling output of Rac1 in these cells at will using inducible, Cre-loxP-mediated DNA recombination techniques. Here, we show that the expression of an active version of the Rac1 activator Vav2 exclusively in vSMCs leads to hypotension as well as the elimination of the hypertension induced by the systemic loss of wild-type Vav2. Conversely, the specific depletion of Rac1 in vSMCs causes defective nitric oxide vasodilation responses and hypertension. Rac1, but not Vav2, also is important for neointima formation but not for hypertension-driven vascular remodeling. These animals also have allowed us to dismiss etiological connections between hypertension and metabolic disease and, most importantly, identify pathophysiological programs that cooperate in the development and consolidation of hypertensive states caused by local vascular tone dysfunctions. Finally, our results suggest that the therapeutic inhibition of Rac1 will be associated with extensive cardiovascular system-related side effects and identify pharmacological avenues to circumvent them.
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48
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Nagasawa K, Takahashi K, Matsuura N, Takatsu M, Hattori T, Watanabe S, Harada E, Niinuma K, Murohara T, Nagata K. Comparative effects of valsartan in combination with cilnidipine or amlodipine on cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:39-47. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Edwards JS, Atlas SR, Wilson SM, Cooper CF, Luo L, Stidley CA. Integrated statistical and pathway approach to next-generation sequencing analysis: a family-based study of hypertension. BMC Proc 2014; 8:S104. [PMID: 25519358 PMCID: PMC4143684 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s1-s104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to search for associations between genetic variants and a phenotypic trait of interest. New technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, hold the potential to revolutionize GWAS. However, millions of polymorphisms are identified with next-generation sequencing technology. Consequently, researchers must be careful when performing such a large number of statistical tests, and corrections are typically made to account for multiple testing. Additionally, for typical GWAS, the p value cutoff is set quite low (approximately <10−8). As a result of this p value stringency, it is likely that there are many true associations that do not meet this threshold. To account for this we have incorporated a priori biological knowledge to help identify true associations that may not have reached statistical significance. We propose the application of a pipelined series of statistical and bioinformatic methods, to enable the assessment of the association of genetic polymorphisms with a disease phenotype--here, hypertension--as well as the identification of statistically significant pathways of genes that may play a role in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Edwards
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Susan R Atlas
- Physics and Astronomy, Center for Advanced Research Computing, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Susan M Wilson
- Center for Advanced Research Computing, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Candice F Cooper
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Li Luo
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Internal Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Christine A Stidley
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Internal Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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50
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André G, Sandoval JE, Retailleau K, Loufrani L, Toumaniantz G, Offermanns S, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Smooth muscle specific Rac1 deficiency induces hypertension by preventing p116RIP3-dependent RhoA inhibition. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000852. [PMID: 24938713 PMCID: PMC4309079 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence implicates overactivation of RhoA as a critical component of the pathogenesis of hypertension. Although a substantial body of work has established that Rac1 functions antagonize RhoA in a broad range of physiological processes, the role of Rac1 in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure is not fully elucidated. Methods and Results To define the role of Rac1 in vivo in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC), we generated smooth muscle (SM)‐specific Rac1 knockout mice (SM‐Rac1‐KO) and performed radiotelemetric blood pressure recordings, contraction measurements in arterial rings, vSMC cultures and biochemical analyses. SM‐Rac1‐KO mice develop high systolic blood pressure sensitive to Rho kinase inhibition by fasudil. Arteries from SM‐Rac1‐KO mice are characterized by a defective NO‐dependent vasodilation and an overactivation of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling. We provide evidence that Rac1 deletion‐induced hypertension is due to an alteration of cGMP signaling resulting from the loss of Rac1‐mediated control of type 5 PDE activity. Consequently, cGMP‐dependent phosphorylation and binding of RhoA with its inhibitory partner, the phosphatase‐RhoA interacting protein (p116RIP3), are decreased. Conclusions Our data reveal that the depletion of Rac1 in SMC decreases cGMP‐dependent p116RIP3/RhoA interaction and the subsequent inhibition of RhoA signaling. Thus, we unveil an in vivo role of Rac1 in arterial blood pressure regulation and a new pathway involving p116RIP3 that contributes to the antagonistic relationship between Rac1 and RhoA in vascular smooth muscle cells and their opposite roles in arterial tone and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennan André
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.)
| | - Juan E Sandoval
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.)
| | - Kevin Retailleau
- Inserm UMR_S1083, CNRS UMR_C6214, BNMI, Angers, F-49000, France (K.R., L.L.)
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- Inserm UMR_S1083, CNRS UMR_C6214, BNMI, Angers, F-49000, France (K.R., L.L.)
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O.)
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.)
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.L., V.S.)
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Inserm UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_C6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.A., J.E.S., G.T., M.R.D., G.L., V.S.) CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France (G.L., V.S.)
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