1
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Wang C, Jiang D. Exogenous PRAS40 reduces KLF4 expression and alleviates hypertrophic scar fibrosis and collagen deposition through inhibiting mTORC1. Burns 2024; 50:936-946. [PMID: 38369439 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the anti-fibrosis effect of PRAS40 in scar, and its potential mechanism. METHODS We constructed a rat model of hypertrophic scarthat was locally injected the PRAS40 overexpression adenoviruses, mTORC1 inhibitor MHY1485 and activator rapamycin, and further observed the pathological changes of skin tissue and the severity of fibrosis by HE, Masson and sirius red staining, and analyzed the deposition of a-SMA and collagen I by western blot and immunofluorescence test. Meanwhile, the co-localization of KLF4 with a-SMA and type I collagen was analyzed, as well as the regulatory effect of PRAS40 on KLF4. In addition, we also verified whether the inhibition of scar fibrosis by PRAS40 is related to mTORC1, and whether the upregulation of KLF4 is related to mTORC1. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of PRAS40 was low and p-PRAS40 was high in scar skin tissue. After local injection of PRAS40 overexpression adenovirus, the expression of PRAS40 in skin tissue was increased. The overexpression of PRAS40 can inhibit scar skin fibrosis and reduce the content of a-SMA and collagen I. Further mechanism analysis confirms that the inhibitory effect of PRAS40 on skin fibrosis is related to mTORC1, and PRAS40 inhibits the activation of mTORC1. The expression of KLF4 is relatively low in scar tissue. PRAS40 administration upregulated the expression of KLF4, which is related to mTORC1 CONCLUSIONS: PRAS40 significantly improves fibrosis of scar skin tissue and increases the expression of KLF4 in scars. The anti-fibrotic effect of PRAS40 depends on mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
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2
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Li T, Liu F, Tan Y, Peng Y, Xu X, Yang Y. PIM3 regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via ferroptosis. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:161-170. [PMID: 38148455 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is closely related with cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain not fully understood. This study sought to investigate the effect and mechanisms of PIM3 implicated in myocardial I/R injury using a rat model of myocardial I/R injury and a cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induction. METHODS The morphology changes were detected by HE staining while cell viability was accessed by the CCK-8 method. The characteristics of ferroptosis were evaluated by ROS production, MDA content, SOD level, iron content, TfR1, FTH1, and GPX4 expression. RESULTS Myocardial I/R operation increased myocardial tissue damage in rats, while OGD/R treatment reduced the viability of H9c2 cells. Both myocardial I/R operation and OGD/R stimulation increased ferroptosis, as demonstrated by elevated ROS, MDA, iron content, decreased SOD level, upregulation of TfR1, and downregulation of FTH1 and GPX4. Additionally, myocardial I/R modeling or OGD/R treatment enhanced the expression of PIM3. Silencing of PIM3 inhibited ferroptosis, which resulted in alleviated myocardial I/R-induced damage and improved H9c2 cell survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a vital role of PIM3 in myocardial I/R injury, indicating that PIM3-targeting ferroptosis may be a promising target for the development of novel therapies of myocardial I/R injury-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hosptal, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hosptal, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hosptal, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hosptal, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hosptal, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Yang
- School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Univerity of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Nock S, Karim E, Unsworth AJ. Pim Kinases: Important Regulators of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11582. [PMID: 37511341 PMCID: PMC10380471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pim Kinases; Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3, are a family of constitutively active serine/threonine kinases, widely associated with cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Historically considered to be functionally redundant, independent roles for the individual isoforms have been described. Whilst most established for their role in cancer progression, there is increasing evidence for wider pathological roles of Pim kinases within the context of cardiovascular disease, including inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiac injury. The Pim kinase isoforms have widespread expression in cardiovascular tissues, including the heart, coronary artery, aorta, and blood, and have been demonstrated to be upregulated in several co-morbidities/risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Pim kinase inhibition may thus be a desirable therapeutic for a multi-targeted approach to treat cardiovascular disease and some of the associated risk factors. In this review, we discuss what is known about Pim kinase expression and activity in cells of the cardiovascular system, identify areas where the role of Pim kinase has yet to be fully explored and characterised and review the suitability of targeting Pim kinase for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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4
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Nauffal V, Di Achille P, Klarqvist MDR, Cunningham JW, Hill MC, Pirruccello JP, Weng LC, Morrill VN, Choi SH, Khurshid S, Friedman SF, Nekoui M, Roselli C, Ng K, Philippakis AA, Batra P, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA. Genetics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the human heart and association with disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:777-786. [PMID: 37081215 PMCID: PMC11107861 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease and adverse prognosis. Here, to investigate the biological pathways that underlie fibrosis in the human heart, we developed a machine learning model to measure native myocardial T1 time, a marker of myocardial fibrosis, in 41,505 UK Biobank participants who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Greater T1 time was associated with diabetes mellitus, renal disease, aortic stenosis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Genome-wide association analysis identified 11 independent loci associated with T1 time. The identified loci implicated genes involved in glucose transport (SLC2A12), iron homeostasis (HFE, TMPRSS6), tissue repair (ADAMTSL1, VEGFC), oxidative stress (SOD2), cardiac hypertrophy (MYH7B) and calcium signaling (CAMK2D). Using a transforming growth factor β1-mediated cardiac fibroblast activation assay, we found that 9 of the 11 loci consisted of genes that exhibited temporal changes in expression or open chromatin conformation supporting their biological relevance to myofibroblast cell state acquisition. By harnessing machine learning to perform large-scale quantification of myocardial interstitial fibrosis using cardiac imaging, we validate associations between cardiac fibrosis and disease, and identify new biologically relevant pathways underlying fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nauffal
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Di Achille
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan W Cunningham
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James P Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie N Morrill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaan Khurshid
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel F Friedman
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health, IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony A Philippakis
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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PIM1 attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ASK1-JNK/P38. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109563. [PMID: 36513021 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), yet therapeutic approaches to alleviate IRI remain limited. PIM1 (provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1) is a constitutive serine threonine kinase that phosphorylates various substrates to regulate cell death and survival. However, the role of PIM1 in renal IRI remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of PIM1 on renal IRI and explore its downstream regulatory mechanism. In this study, we inhibited or overexpressed PIM1 in mice and cultured proximal tubular cells, and then induced renal IRI model in vivo and hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) model in vitro. Renal function, renal structure injuries and cellular death were assessed to reflect the extent of IRI. The expression of PIM1 and the levels of ASK1, MAPK and their phosphorylated forms were detected by immunoblot. RNA sequencing of kidney cortex was performed to analyze downstream pathway of PIM1 in renal IRI. The results showed that PIM1 expression was significantly upregulated in renal IRI mouse model and in renal tubular cell HR model. AZD1208 (a PIM1 inhibitor) aggravated renal IRI, while PIM1 overexpression ameliorated renal IRI. This was involved in the regulation of the ASK1-MAPK pathway. Moreover, results demonstrated that ASK1 was a downstream target of PIM1 by administering Selonsertib (an inhibitor of ASK1 activity), and inhibiting ASK1 alleviated cell death after HR in PIM1 knockdown cells by reducing JNK/P38 activation. In conclusion, this study elucidated the protective effect of PIM1 on renal IRI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to ASK1-JNK/P38 signaling pathway. Taken together, PIM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal IRI.
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6
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Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010608. [PMID: 36614050 PMCID: PMC9820658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.
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7
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Pim1 promotes IFN-β production by interacting with IRF3. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:2092-2103. [PMID: 36446848 PMCID: PMC9722908 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pim (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) proteins compose a serine threonine kinase family whose members regulate cell proliferation, migration and cell survival. However, whether Pim kinases participate in innate immune responses is unclear. Here, we show for the first time that Pim1 plays an essential role in the production of interferon (IFN)-β by macrophages after their Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Specifically, Pim1 was quickly upregulated in an NF-κB-dependent manner after TLR stimulation with PAMPs. Pim1 deficiency reduced TLR3- or TLR4-stimulated IFN-β and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression but not proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, Pim1 specifically upregulates IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. However, this role is not dependent on Pim1 kinase activity. Rather, Pim1 appears to promote IRF3 phosphorylation by enhancing the formation of IFN-β signaling complexes composed of TRIF, TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3. Poly (I:C)-treated Pim1-/- mice produced less serum IFN-β and were less likely to survive than wild-type mice. These findings show for the first time that Pim1 participates in TLR-mediated IFN-β production, thus revealing a novel target for controlling antiviral innate immune responses.
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8
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Li H, Xie L, Zhu L, Li Z, Wang R, Liu X, Huang Z, Chen B, Gao Y, Wei L, He C, Ju R, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Su W. Multicellular immune dynamics implicate PIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for uveitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5866. [PMID: 36195600 PMCID: PMC9532430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is a severe autoimmune disease, and a common cause of blindness; however, its individual cellular dynamics and pathogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. Herein, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we identify disease-associated alterations in cell composition and transcriptional regulation as the disease progressed, as well as a disease-related molecule, PIM1. Inhibiting PIM1 reduces the Th17 cell proportion and increases the Treg cell proportion, likely due to regulation of PIM1 to the protein kinase B (AKT)/Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) pathway. Moreover, inhibiting PIM1 reduces Th17 cell pathogenicity and reduces plasma cell differentiation. Importantly, the upregulation of PIM1 in CD4+ T cells and plasma cells is conserved in a human uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), and inhibition of PIM1 reduces CD4+ T and B cell expansion. Collectively, a dynamic immune cellular atlas during uveitis is developed and implicate that PIM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for VKH. Uveitis is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease of the eye and defining molecules involved is a priority. Here the authors use scRNA sequencing in mouse experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and show PIM1 promotes the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells, and find elevated PIM-1 in human uveitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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10
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Molecular Signaling to Preserve Mitochondrial Integrity against Ischemic Stress in the Heart: Rescue or Remove Mitochondria in Danger. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123330. [PMID: 34943839 PMCID: PMC8699551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). The heart is a high-energy demanding organ, and myocardial energy reserves are limited. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but under stress conditions, they become damaged, release necrotic and apoptotic factors, and contribute to cell death. Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a significant role in ischemic heart disease. In response to stress, protective signaling pathways are activated to limit mitochondrial deterioration and protect the heart. To prevent mitochondrial death pathways, damaged mitochondria are removed by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial quality control mediated by mitophagy is functionally linked to mitochondrial dynamics. This review provides a current understanding of the signaling mechanisms by which the integrity of mitochondria is preserved in the heart against ischemic stress.
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11
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Esquer C, Echeagaray O, Firouzi F, Savko C, Shain G, Bose P, Rieder A, Rokaw S, Witon-Paulo A, Gude N, Sussman MA. Fundamentals of vaping-associated pulmonary injury leading to severe respiratory distress. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/2/e202101246. [PMID: 34810278 PMCID: PMC8616545 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping of flavored liquids has been touted as safe alternative to traditional cigarette smoking with decreased health risks. The popularity of vaping has dramatically increased over the last decade, particularly among teenagers who incorporate vaping into their daily life as a social activity. Despite widespread and increasing adoption of vaping among young adults, there is little information on long-term consequences of vaping and potential health risks. This study demonstrates vaping-induced pulmonary injury using commercial JUUL pens with flavored vape juice using an inhalation exposure murine model. Profound pathological changes to upper airway, lung tissue architecture, and cellular structure are evident within 9 wk of exposure. Marked histologic changes include increased parenchyma tissue density, cellular infiltrates proximal to airway passages, alveolar rarefaction, increased collagen deposition, and bronchial thickening with elastin fiber disruption. Transcriptional reprogramming includes significant changes to gene families coding for xenobiotic response, glycerolipid metabolic processes, and oxidative stress. Cardiac systemic output is moderately but significantly impaired with pulmonary side ventricular chamber enlargement. This vaping-induced pulmonary injury model demonstrates mechanistic underpinnings of vaping-related pathologic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Esquer
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clarissa Savko
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grant Shain
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pria Bose
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Abigail Rieder
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Rokaw
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Witon-Paulo
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Gude
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Li X, Li F, Zou G, Feng C, Sha H, Liu S, Liang H. Physiological responses and molecular strategies in heart of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) under hypoxia and reoxygenation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100908. [PMID: 34482099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient oxygen concentration is essential for fish growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is sometimes challenged by hypoxia during intensive aquaculture or because of environmental changes. However, the response to hypoxic stress in the heart of silver carp remains relatively unknown. In the present study, we reported the effects of hypoxia on histological structures, enzyme activities, and gene expression in the heart of silver carp. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart sections showed that the myocardial fibers gradually became disordered, swollen, and even ruptured during hypoxic treatment. These phenotypes were also supported by increased activities of injury-related enzymes. Moreover, the transcriptome was analyzed to determine the molecular strategies of hypoxia adaptation in the heart. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were the most prominent pathways activated by hypoxia. Twenty significantly differentially expressed genes were selected to create a network diagram related to cell proliferation, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Additionally, reoxygenation could ameliorate cardiac injury and eliminate the effects of hypoxia on gene expression. This was the first comparative transcriptomic study to explore the molecular mechanism of the response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in the heart of silver carp. Our results provide a theoretical basis for cultivating hypoxia-tolerant carp varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Cui Feng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hang Sha
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China.
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Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
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14
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Korf-Klingebiel M, Reboll MR, Polten F, Weber N, Jäckle F, Wu X, Kallikourdis M, Kunderfranco P, Condorelli G, Giannitsis E, Kustikova OS, Schambach A, Pich A, Widder JD, Bauersachs J, van den Heuvel J, Kraft T, Wang Y, Wollert KC. Myeloid-Derived Growth Factor Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure by Preserving Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase Expression in Cardiomyocytes. Circulation 2021; 144:1227-1240. [PMID: 34372689 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.053365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure, but there is limited understanding of inflammation's potential benefits. Inflammatory cells secrete myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) to promote tissue repair after acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that MYDGF has a role in cardiac adaptation to persistent pressure overload. Methods: We defined the cellular sources and function of MYDGF in wild-type, Mydgf-deficient (Mydgf-/-), and Mydgf bone marrow-chimeric or bone marrow-conditional transgenic mice with pressure overload-induced heart failure after transverse aortic constriction surgery. We measured MYDGF plasma concentrations by targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified MYDGF signaling targets by phosphoproteomics and substrate-based kinase activity inference. We recorded Ca2+ transients and sarcomere contractions in isolated cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we explored the therapeutic potential of recombinant MYDGF. Results: MYDGF protein abundance increased in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and in blood plasma of pressure-overloaded mice. Patients with severe aortic stenosis also had elevated MYDGF plasma concentrations, which declined after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Monocytes and macrophages emerged as the main MYDGF sources in the pressure-overloaded murine heart. While Mydgf-/- mice had no apparent phenotype at baseline, they developed more severe LV hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction during pressure overload than wild-type mice. Conversely, conditional transgenic overexpression of MYDGF in bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells attenuated pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and dysfunction. Mechanistically, MYDGF inhibited G protein coupled receptor agonist-induced hypertrophy and augmented sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by enhancing PIM1 serine/threonine kinase expression and activity. Along this line, cardiomyocytes from pressure-overloaded Mydgf-/- mice displayed reduced PIM1 and SERCA2a expression, greater hypertrophy, and impaired Ca2+ cycling and sarcomere function compared to cardiomyocytes from pressure-overloaded wild-type mice. Transplanting Mydgf-/- mice with wild-type bone marrow cells augmented cardiac PIM1 and SERCA2a levels and ameliorated pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and dysfunction. Pressure-overloaded Mydgf-/- mice were similarly rescued by adenoviral Serca2a gene transfer. Treating pressure-overloaded wild-type mice subcutaneously with recombinant MYDGF enhanced SERCA2a expression, attenuated LV hypertrophy and dysfunction, and improved survival. Conclusions: These findings establish a MYDGF-based adaptive crosstalk between inflammatory cells and cardiomyocytes that protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc R Reboll
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Polten
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Physiology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Jäckle
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xuekun Wu
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Olga S Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Core Unit Proteomics and Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian D Widder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Technology Platform Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Physiology Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai C Wollert
- Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Prakoso D, Tate M, Blasio M, Ritchie R. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated therapeutics for diabetic cardiomyopathy - current and future perspectives. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1369-1387. [PMID: 34076247 PMCID: PMC8187922 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the prevalence of heart failure by 6-8-fold, independent of other comorbidities such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, a phenomenon termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Several key signalling pathways have been identified that drive the pathological changes associated with diabetes-induced heart failure. This has led to the development of multiple pharmacological agents that are currently available for clinical use. While fairly effective at delaying disease progression, these treatments do not reverse the cardiac damage associated with diabetes. One potential alternative avenue for targeting diabetes-induced heart failure is the use of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene therapy, which has shown great versatility in a multitude of disease settings. AAV gene therapy has the potential to target specific cells or tissues, has a low host immune response and has the possibility to represent a lifelong cure, not possible with current conventional pharmacotherapies. In this review, we will assess the therapeutic potential of AAV gene therapy as a treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- Departments of Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Departments of Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Australia
- Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- Departments of Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Australia
- Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Departments of Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Australia
- Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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16
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Salicylic diamines selectively eliminate residual undifferentiated cells from pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte preparations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2391. [PMID: 33504837 PMCID: PMC7841182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivatives is hindered by the tumorigenic risk from residual undifferentiated cells. Here, we identified salicylic diamines as potent agents exhibiting toxicity to murine and human PSCs but not to cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from them. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of small molecules SM2 and SM6 were, respectively, 9- and 18-fold higher for human than murine PSCs, while the IC50 of SM8 was comparable for both PSC groups. Treatment of murine embryoid bodies in suspension differentiation cultures with the most effective small molecule SM6 significantly reduced PSC and non-PSC contamination and enriched CM populations that would otherwise be eliminated in genetic selection approaches. All tested salicylic diamines exerted their toxicity by inhibiting the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PSCs. No or only minimal and reversible effects on OCR, sarcomeric integrity, DNA stability, apoptosis rate, ROS levels or beating frequency were observed in PSC-CMs, although effects on human PSC-CMs seemed to be more deleterious at higher SM-concentrations. Teratoma formation from SM6-treated murine PSC-CMs was abolished or delayed compared to untreated cells. We conclude that salicylic diamines represent promising compounds for PSC removal and enrichment of CMs without the need for other selection strategies.
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17
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Ebeid DE, Khalafalla FG, Broughton KM, Monsanto MM, Esquer CY, Sacchi V, Hariharan N, Korski KI, Moshref M, Emathinger J, Cottage CT, Quijada PJ, Nguyen JH, Alvarez R, Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Navarrete JM, Gude NA, Goumans MJ, Sussman MA. Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGFβ signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:201-211. [PMID: 32176281 PMCID: PMC7797214 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Telomere attrition in cardiomyocytes is associated with decreased contractility, cellular senescence, and up-regulation of proapoptotic transcription factors. Pim1 is a cardioprotective kinase that antagonizes the aging phenotype of cardiomyocytes and delays cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but the mechanism remains unknown. Another pathway responsible for regulating telomere length is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway where inhibiting TGFβ signalling maintains telomere length. The relationship between Pim1 and TGFβ has not been explored. This study delineates the mechanism of telomere length regulation by the interplay between Pim1 and components of TGFβ signalling pathways in proliferating A549 cells and post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telomere length was maintained by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of PIM1 and inhibition of TGFβ signalling in A549 cells. Telomere length maintenance was further demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1 and by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and repressing expression of TGFβ pathway genes. CONCLUSION Pim1 maintains telomere lengths in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of the TGFβ pathway downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3, which prevents repression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Findings from this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of telomere length maintenance and provide a potential target for preserving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ebeid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Y Esquer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher T Cottage
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl J Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jonathan H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian M Navarrete
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Zhang Z, Lv M, Wang X, Zhao Z, Jiang D, Wang L. LncRNA LUADT1 sponges miR-195 to prevent cardiac endothelial cell apoptosis in sepsis. Mol Med 2020; 26:112. [PMID: 33225891 PMCID: PMC7682058 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogenic role of the newly identified lncRNA LUADT1 has been revealed in lung adenocarcinoma. It was reported that LUADT1 plays a critical role in multiple human diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the role of LUADT1 in sepsis. Methods Sixty patients with sepsis and sixty healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Plasma samples were collected from all participants. Human primary coronary artery endothelial cells were also used in this study. The expression of Pim-1, miR-195 and LUADT1 were detected by RT-qPCR. The interaction between miR-195 and LUADT1 was determined by overexpression experiments and luciferase activity assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential interaction between LUADT1 and miR-195, which was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. LUADT1 was downregulated in patients with sepsis. Moreover, LPS treatment downregulated the expression of LUADT1 in primary cardiac endothelial cells. Overexpression of LUADT1 and miR-195 did not affect the expression of each other in primary cardiac endothelial cells. Interestingly, overexpression of LUADT1 was found to upregulate the expression of Pim-1, a target of miR-195. In addition, it was found that overexpression of LUADT1 and Pim-1 reduced the enhancement effects of miR-195 on LPS-induced cardiac endothelial cell apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, LUADT1 may protect cardiac endothelial cells against apoptosis in sepsis by regulating the miR-195/Pim-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Lv
- Department of Children's Medical Center, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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PIM1 Promotes Survival of Cardiomyocytes by Upregulating c-Kit Protein Expression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092001. [PMID: 32878131 PMCID: PMC7563506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cardiomyocyte survival is crucial to blunt deterioration of myocardial structure and function following pathological damage. PIM1 (Proviral Insertion site in Murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinase 1) is a cardioprotective serine threonine kinase that promotes cardiomyocyte survival and antagonizes senescence through multiple concurrent molecular signaling cascades. In hematopoietic stem cells, PIM1 interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit upstream of the ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) and Akt signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. The relationship between PIM1 and c-Kit activity has not been explored in the myocardial context. This study delineates the interaction between PIM1 and c-Kit leading to enhanced protection of cardiomyocytes from stress. Elevated c-Kit expression is induced in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay reveal protein–protein interaction between PIM1 and c-Kit. Following treatment with Stem Cell Factor, PIM1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes display elevated ERK activity consistent with c-Kit receptor activation. Functionally, elevated c-Kit expression confers enhanced protection against oxidative stress in vitro. This study identifies the mechanistic relationship between PIM1 and c-Kit in cardiomyocytes, demonstrating another facet of cardioprotection regulated by PIM1 kinase.
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20
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Khan S, Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:268-281. [PMID: 32735531 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731174724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis, which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, initially, and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, The pathophysiology of DCM is briefly discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Syed S Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Sabouny R, Shutt TE. Reciprocal Regulation of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:564-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Zhang S, Shuai L, Wang D, Huang T, Yang S, Miao M, Liu F, Xu J. Pim-1 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells by Enhancing Their Regenerative Ability Following Optic Nerve Crush. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:249-272. [PMID: 32624507 PMCID: PMC7344373 DOI: 10.5607/en20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Provirus integration site Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim-1) is a proto-oncogene reported to be associated with cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. This study was to explore the neuroprotective role of Pim-1 in a rat model subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC), and discuss its related molecules in improving the intrinsic regeneration ability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Immunofluorescence staining showed that AAV2- Pim-1 infected 71% RGCs and some amacrine cells in the retina. Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that retina infection with AAV2- Pim-1 up-regulated the Pim-1 mRNA and protein expressions compared with AAV2-GFP group. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, γ-synuclein immunohistochemistry, Cholera toxin B (CTB) tracing and TUNEL showed that RGCs transduction with AAV2-Pim-1 prior to ONC promoted the survival of damaged RGCs and decreased cell apoptosis. RITC anterograde labeling showed that Pim-1 overexpression increased axon regeneration and promoted the recovery of visual function by pupillary light reflex and flash visual evoked potential. Western blotting showed that Pim- 1 overexpression up-regulated the expression of Stat3, p-Stat3, Akt1, p-Akt1, Akt2 and p-Akt2, as well as βIII-tubulin, GAP-43 and 4E-BP1, and downregulated the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3, Cleaved caspase 3, Bad and Bax. These results demonstrate that Pim-1 exerted a neuroprotective effect by promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery of RGCs. In addition, it enhanced the intrinsic regeneration capacity of RGCs after ONC by activating Stat3, Akt1 and Akt2 pathways, and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. These findings suggest that Pim-1 may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Li Shuai
- Department of Health Administration, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Panchal NK, Sabina EP. A serine/threonine protein PIM kinase as a biomarker of cancer and a target for anti-tumor therapy. Life Sci 2020; 255:117866. [PMID: 32479955 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The PIM Kinases belong to the family of a proto-oncogene that essentially phosphorylates the serine/threonine residues of the target proteins. They are primarily categorized into three types PIM-1, PIM-2, PIM-3 which plays an indispensable regulatory role in signal transduction cascades, by promoting cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. These kinases are overexpressed in several solid as well as hematopoietic tumors which supports in vitro and in vivo malignant cell growth along with survival by regulating cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. They lack regulatory domain which makes them constitutively active once transcribed. PIM kinases usually appear to be important downstream effectors of oncoproteins which overexpresses and helps in mediating drug resistance to available agents, such as rapamycin. Structural studies of PIM kinases revealed that they have unique hinge regions where two Proline resides and makes ATP binding unique, by offering a target for an increasing number of potent PIM kinase inhibitors. Preclinical studies of those inhibitory compounds in various cancers indicate that these novel agents show promising activity and some of them currently being under examination. In this review, we have outlined PIM kinases molecular mechanism and signaling pathways along with matriculation in various cancer and list of inhibitors often used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - E P Sabina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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Aziz AUR, Farid S, Qin K, Wang H, Liu B. Regulation of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism by interaction of PIM kinases and insulin receptor substrates. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:129-138. [PMID: 30270668 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1498903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is caused by various environmental and genetic factors leading to a number of serious health issues. Due to its multifactorial origin, molecular characterization may provide better tools for its effective treatment. On molecular level, dysregulation of signaling pathway by insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) is one of the most common reasons of this disease. IRSs are regulated by >50 serine/threonine kinases, which may have positive or negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Among these serine/threonine kinases, PIM kinases have garnered much attention as they not only affect insulin sensitivity by phosphorylating IRSs directly and/or indirectly but also alter the activities of their downstream molecules like PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. In this review, interactions of PIM kinases with IRSs and their downstream proteins and their action mechanism in the regulation of insulin resistance are elaborated. Furthermore, this review offers fundamental understandings of the role of PIM kinases in this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Sumbal Farid
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Park JH, Lee NK, Lim HJ, Ji ST, Kim YJ, Jang WB, Kim DY, Kang S, Yun J, Ha JS, Kim H, Lee D, Baek SH, Kwon SM. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates replicative cell senescence and improves cellular function via regulating the STAT3-PIM1 axis in human cardiac progenitor cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:615-628. [PMID: 32273566 PMCID: PMC7210934 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway efficiently regulates the energy state of cells and maintains tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in several human diseases. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mTOR and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin promote cardiac cell generation from the differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. These studies strongly implicate a role of sustained mTOR activity in the differentiating functions of embryonic stem cells; however, they do not directly address the required effect for sustained mTOR activity in human cardiac progenitor cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on the cellular function of human cardiac progenitor cells and discovered that treatment with rapamycin markedly attenuated replicative cell senescence in human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) and promoted their cellular functions. Furthermore, rapamycin not only inhibited mTOR signaling but also influenced signaling pathways, including STAT3 and PIM1, in hCPCs. Therefore, these data reveal a crucial function for rapamycin in senescent hCPCs and provide clinical strategies based on chronic mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Na Kyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Ha
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Pim1 kinase positively regulates myoblast behaviors and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31601787 PMCID: PMC6787030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regeneration after injury depends on normal myoblast function. However, the intrinsic mechanisms for the control of myoblast behaviors are not well defined. Herein, we identified Pim1 kinase as a novel positive regulator of myoblast behaviors in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of Pim1 significantly restrains the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of myoblasts in vitro, indicating that Pim1 is critical for myoblast survival and amplification. Meanwhile, we found that Pim1 kinase is increased and translocated from cytoplasm into nucleus during myogenic differentiation. By using Pim1 kinase inhibitor, we proved that inhibition of Pim1 activity prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion, suggesting the necessity of Pim1 kinase activity for proper myogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Pim1 kinase interacts with myogenic regulator MyoD and controls its transcriptional activity, inducing the expression of muscle-specific genes, which consequently promotes myogenic differentiation. Additionally, in skeletal muscle injury mouse model, deletion of Pim1 hinders the regeneration of muscle fibers and the recovery of muscle strength. Taken together, our study provides a potential target for the manipulation of myoblast behaviors in vitro and the myoblast-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle injury.
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Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac regenerative therapy: Many paths to repair. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:338-343. [PMID: 31515053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death in the United States and in most nations worldwide, despite ongoing intensive efforts to promote cardiac health and treat heart failure. Replacing damaged myocardium represents perhaps the most promising treatment strategy, but also the most challenging given that the adult mammalian heart is notoriously resistant to endogenous repair. Cardiac regeneration following pathologic challenge would require proliferation of surviving tissue, expansion and differentiation of resident progenitors, or transdifferentiation of exogenously applied progenitor cells into functioning myocardium. Adult cardiomyocyte proliferation has been the focus of investigation for decades, recently enjoying a renaissance of interest as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cardiomyocyte loss due in large part to ongoing controversies and frustrations with myocardial cell therapy outcomes. The promise of cardiac cell therapy originated with reports of resident adult cardiac stem cells that could be isolated, expanded and reintroduced into damaged myocardium, producing beneficial effects in preclinical animal models. Despite modest functional improvements, Phase I clinical trials using autologous cardiac derived cells have proven safe and effective, setting the stage for an ongoing multi-center Phase II trial combining autologous cardiac stem cell types to enhance beneficial effects. This overview will examine the history of these two approaches for promoting cardiac repair and attempt to provide context for current and future directions in cardiac regenerative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
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Fu R, Xia Y, Li M, Mao R, Guo C, Zhou M, Tan H, Liu M, Wang S, Yang N, Zhao J. Pim-1 as a Therapeutic Target in Lupus Nephritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1308-1318. [PMID: 30791224 DOI: 10.1002/art.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pim-1 regulates lymphocyte proliferation and activation. The role of Pim-1 in autoimmune disease remains unclear. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that inhibition of Pim-1 would have therapeutic potential in patients with LN. METHODS Pim-1 expression was analyzed in lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice (n = 6), human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients (n = 10), and glomeruli from patients with LN (n = 8). The therapeutic effect of the Pim-1 inhibitor AZD1208 was assessed in the same murine lupus model (n = 10 mice per group). In vitro analysis was conducted to explore the mechanisms of action of Pim-1 in mouse and human podocytes after Pim-1 expression had been induced by anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody-positive serum. Finally, MRL/lpr mice were used to confirm the therapeutic effects of Pim-1 inhibition in vivo (n = 10 mice per group). RESULTS Up-regulation of Pim-1 was seen in renal lysates from diseased (NZB × NZW)F1 mice and in PBMCs from patients with SLE and renal biopsy tissue from patients with LN, relative to their control counterparts (each P < 0.05). The Pim-1 inhibitor AZD1208 reduced the severity of proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, renal immune complex deposits, and serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels, concomitant with the suppression of NFATc1 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, in diseased (NZB × NZW)F1 mice (each P < 0.05 versus controls). Moreover, in mouse and human podocytes, Pim-1 knockdown with targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed NFATc1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the presence of anti-dsDNA-positive serum (each P < 0.05 versus control siRNA). Mechanistically, Pim-1 modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation through intracellular Ca2+ (P < 0.05 versus normal controls). The therapeutic effect of Pim-1 blockade was replicated in MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION These data identify Pim-1 as a critical regulator of LN pathogenesis in patients with SLE. Targeting of the Pim-1/NFATc1/NLRP3 pathway might therefore have therapeutic potential in human LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxiang Mao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianjing Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hechang Tan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niansheng Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Safety profiling of genetically engineered Pim-1 kinase overexpression for oncogenicity risk in human c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells. Gene Ther 2019; 26:324-337. [PMID: 31239537 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of stem cell-based treatment will involve next-generation approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy which is often modest, particularly in the context of myocardial regenerative therapy. Our group has previously demonstrated the beneficial effect of genetic modification of cardiac stem cells with Pim-1 kinase overexpression to rejuvenate aged cells as well as potentiate myocardial repair. Despite these encouraging findings, concerns were raised regarding potential for oncogenic risk associated with Pim-1 kinase overexpression. Testing of Pim-1 engineered c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCIC) derived from heart failure patient samples for indices of oncogenic risk was undertaken using multiple assessments including soft agar colony formation, micronucleation, gamma-Histone 2AX foci, and transcriptome profiling. Collectively, findings demonstrate comparable phenotypic and biological properties of cCIC following Pim-1 overexpression compared with using baseline control cells with no evidence for oncogenic phenotype. Using a highly selective and continuous sensor for quantitative assessment of PIM1 kinase activity revealed a sevenfold increase in Pim-1 engineered vs. control cells. Kinase activity profiling using a panel of sensors for other kinases demonstrates elevation of IKKs), AKT/SGK, CDK1-3, p38, and ERK1/2 in addition to Pim-1 consistent with heightened kinase activity correlating with Pim-1 overexpression that may contribute to Pim-1-mediated effects. Enhancement of cellular survival, proliferation, and other beneficial properties to augment stem cell-mediated repair without oncogenic risk is a feasible, logical, and safe approach to improve efficacy and overcome current limitations inherent to cellular adoptive transfer therapeutic interventions.
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Arrouchi H, Lakhlili W, Ibrahimi A. A review on PIM kinases in tumors. Bioinformation 2019; 15:40-45. [PMID: 31359998 PMCID: PMC6651028 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases is serine/threonine kinases that promote growth and survival in multiple cell types, implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Over expression of Pim-1 experimentally leads to tumor formation in mice, whereas there is no observable phenotype concerning the complete knockout of the protein. When it is over expressed it may lead to cancer development by three major ways; by inhibiting apoptosis, by promoting cell proliferation and also through promoting genomic instability. Expression in normal tissues is nearly undetectable. Recent improvements in the development of novel inhibitors of PIMs have been reviewed. Significant progress in the design of PIMs inhibitors, in which it displays selectivity versus other kinases, has been achieved within the last years. However, the development of isoform-selective PIM inhibitors is still an open task. As Pim-1 possesses oncogenic functions and is over expressed in various kinds of cancer diseases, its inhibition provides a new option in cancer therapy. A PubMed literature search was performed to review the currently available data on Pim-1 expression, regulation, and targets; its implication in different types of cancer and its impact on prognosis is described. Consequently, designing new inhibitors of PIMs is now a very active area of research in academic and industrial laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housna Arrouchi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
| | - Wiame Lakhlili
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
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Nuclear localized Akt limits skeletal muscle derived fibrotic signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:838-843. [PMID: 30528731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration following injury is a complex multi-stage process involving the recruitment of inflammatory cells, the activation of muscle resident fibroblasts, and the differentiation of activated myoblasts into myocytes. Dysregulation of these cellular processes is associated with ineffective myofiber repair and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins leading to fibrosis. PI3K/Akt signaling is a critical integrator of intra- and intercellular signals connecting nutrient availability to cell survival and growth. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in skeletal muscle leads to hypertrophic growth and a reversal of the changes in body composition associated with obesity and advanced age. Though the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are incompletely understood, changes in paracrine signaling are thought to play a key role. Here, we utilized modified RNA to study the biological role of the transient translocation of Akt to the myonuclei of maturing myotubes. Using a conditioned medium model system, we show that ectopic myonuclear Akt suppresses fibrogenic paracrine signaling in response to oxidative stress, and that interventions that increase or restore myonuclear Akt may impair fibrosis.
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Zhao W, Zhang T, Xu L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z. Sevoflurane pretreatment attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activation of AKT/pim-1 and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1688685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, RP China
| | - Tieshan Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, RP China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, RP China
| | - Yue Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenni Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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34
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Micheu MM, Scarlatescu AI, Scafa-Udriste A, Dorobantu M. The Winding Road of Cardiac Regeneration-Stem Cell Omics in the Spotlight. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120255. [PMID: 30544622 PMCID: PMC6315576 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in treating ischemic cardiac disease and succeeding heart failure, there is still an unmet need to develop effective therapeutic strategies given the persistent high-mortality rate. Advances in stem cell biology hold great promise for regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration. Various cell types have been used both in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured heart, either directly or indirectly. Transplanted cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to improve the myocyte survival and migration of remote and/or resident stem cells to the site of injury. Still, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac protection and repair are poorly understood. Stem cell fate is directed by multifaceted interactions between genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Decoding stem cells’ “panomic” data would provide a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms, resulting in patient-tailored therapy. This review offers a critical analysis of omics data in relation to stem cell survival and differentiation. Additionally, the emerging role of stem cell-derived exosomes as “cell-free” therapy is debated. Last but not least, we discuss the challenges to retrieve and analyze the huge amount of publicly available omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Ioana Scarlatescu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriste
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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35
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Carlson DA, Singer MR, Sutherland C, Redondo C, Alexander LT, Hughes PF, Knapp S, Gurley SB, Sparks MA, MacDonald JA, Haystead TAJ. Targeting Pim Kinases and DAPK3 to Control Hypertension. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1195-1207.e32. [PMID: 30033129 PMCID: PMC6863095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sustained vascular smooth muscle hypercontractility promotes hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of hypercontractility is not completely understood. New therapeutic targets remain vitally important for drug discovery. Here we report that Pim kinases, in combination with DAPK3, regulate contractility and control hypertension. Using a co-crystal structure of lead molecule (HS38) in complex with DAPK3, a dual Pim/DAPK3 inhibitor (HS56) and selective DAPK3 inhibitors (HS94 and HS148) were developed to provide mechanistic insight into the polypharmacology of hypertension. In vitro and ex vivo studies indicated that Pim kinases directly phosphorylate smooth muscle targets and that Pim/DAPK3 inhibition, unlike selective DAPK3 inhibition, significantly reduces contractility. In vivo, HS56 decreased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive mice in a dose-dependent manner without affecting heart rate. These findings suggest including Pim kinase inhibition within a multi-target engagement strategy for hypertension management. HS56 represents a significant step in the development of molecularly targeted antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Miriam R Singer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Clara Redondo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Leila T Alexander
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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36
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Zhang S, Wang D, Huang T, Liu F, Shuai L, Xu J. Pim-1 Expression in Rat Retina and its Changes after Optic Nerve Crush. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1968-1976. [PMID: 30299595 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene which has been discovered to involve in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In this study, we observed the expression of Pim-1 in neonatal and adult rat retina and the changes in rat retina following optic nerve crush (ONC) in order to explore the relationship between Pim-1 and the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). We discovered that Pim-1 was distributed mainly in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) in normal newborn rats, and it appeared in RPE, cone rod cell layer and GCL in normal adult rats by immunohistochemistry. Our double immunofluorescent staining of Pim-1 and γ-synuclein further confirmed that Pim-1 was localized in 80% of RGC. Moreover, we found that the amount of Pim-1 mRNA and protein in adult rat retina was transiently increased after ONC and then decreased 2 weeks after ONC, and the expression level was lower than that of neonatal rat retina under all conditions. We also discovered that Pim-1 expression in GCL detected by immunohistochemistry was upregulated at Day 1 and Day 3 after ONC, but downregulated at Day 14 after ONC when the survival of RGC was decreased and the apoptotic cells in GCL were increased by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL detection. We suggest that the overexpression of Pim-1 in the RGC is related to the optic nerve repair while the low expression of Pim-1 in RGC may be associated with apoptosis and weak intrinsic regeneration ability of RGC. Anat Rec, 301:1968-1976, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shuai
- Department of Health Administration, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The idiom heart of the matter refers to the focal point within a topic and, with regard to health and longevity, the heart is truly pivotal for quality of life. Societal trends worldwide continue toward increased percent body fat and decreased physical activity with coincident increases in chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease as the top global cause of death along with insulin resistance, accelerated aging, cancer. Although long-term survival rates for cardiovascular disease patients are grim, intense research efforts continue to improve both prevention and treatment options. Pharmacological interventions remain the predominant interventional strategy for mitigating progression and managing symptoms, but cellular therapies have the potential to cure or even mediate remission of cardiovascular disease. Adult stem cells are the most studied cellular therapy in both preclinical and clinical investigation. This review will focus on the advanced therapeutic strategies to augment products and methods of delivery, which many think heralds the future of clinical investigations. Advanced preclinical strategies using adult stem cells are examined to promote synergism between preclinical and clinical research, streamline implementation, and improve this imminent matter of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA.
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38
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Broughton KM, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Khalafalla F, Dimmeler S, Fernandez-Aviles F, Sussman MA. Mechanisms of Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Circ Res 2018; 122:1151-1163. [PMID: 29650632 PMCID: PMC6191043 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular regenerative therapies are pursued on both basic and translational levels. Although efficacy and value of cell therapy for myocardial regeneration can be debated, there is a consensus that profound deficits in mechanistic understanding limit advances, optimization, and implementation. In collaboration with the TACTICS (Transnational Alliance for Regenerative Therapies in Cardiovascular Syndromes), this review overviews several pivotal aspects of biological processes impinging on cardiac maintenance, repair, and regeneration. The goal of summarizing current mechanistic understanding is to prompt innovative directions for fundamental studies delineating cellular reparative and regenerative processes. Empowering myocardial regenerative interventions, whether dependent on endogenous processes or exogenously delivered repair agents, ultimately depends on mastering mechanisms and novel strategies that take advantage of rather than being limited by inherent myocardial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Farid Khalafalla
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA (K.M.B., B.J.W., F.F., F.K., M.A.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany (S.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERCV and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.).
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Control of translational activation by PIM kinase in activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confers sensitivity to inhibition by PIM447. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63362-63373. [PMID: 27556513 PMCID: PMC5325370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM family kinases promote growth and survival of tumor cells and are expressed in a wide variety of human cancers. Their potential as therapeutic targets, however, is complicated by overlapping activities with multiple other pathways and remains poorly defined in most clinical scenarios. Here we explore activity of the new pan-PIM inhibitor PIM447 in a variety of lymphoid-derived tumors. We find strong activity in cell lines derived from the activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). Sensitive lines show lost activation of the mTORC1 signaling complex and subsequent lost activation of cap-dependent protein translation. In addition, we characterize recurrent PIM1 protein-coding mutations found in DLBCL clinical samples and find most preserve the wild-type protein's ability to protect cells from apoptosis but do not bypass activity of PIM447. Pan-PIM inhibition therefore may have an important role to play in the therapy of selected ABC-DLBCL cases.
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40
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Aweya JJ, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao D, Li S, Wang F. Identification and molecular characterization of the Pim1 serine/threonine kinase homolog in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:491-500. [PMID: 29355758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Pim1 serine/threonine kinase is associated with multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immune regulation and inflammation in vertebrates. However, little is known about the role of Pim1 in invertebrate immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time, a Pim1 (LvPim1) gene in Litopenaeus vannamei, with a full-length cDNA of 2352 bp and a 1119 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 372 amino acids, which contains a typical serine/threonine kinase domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvPim1 shared a close evolutionary relationship with Pim1 from vertebrates. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvPim1 was widely expressed in all tissues tested; with its transcript level induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), thus, suggesting its probable involvement in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of LvPim1 resulted in increased hemocytes apoptosis; shown by high caspase3/7 activity, coupled with increase in pro-apoptotic LvCaspase3 and LvCytochrome C, and decrease in pro-survival LvBcl2, LvIAP1, and LvIAP2 mRNA expression in hemocytes. Finally, LvPim1 knockdown renders shrimps more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Taken together, our present data strongly suggest that LvPim1 is involved in modulating shrimp resistance to pathogen infection, promote hemocytes survival, and therefore plays a role in shrimp immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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41
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Lee AS, Inayathullah M, Lijkwan MA, Zhao X, Sun W, Park S, Hong WX, Parekh MB, Malkovskiy AV, Lau E, Qin X, Pothineni VR, Sanchez-Freire V, Zhang WY, Kooreman NG, Ebert AD, Chan CKF, Nguyen PK, Rajadas J, Wu JC. Prolonged survival of transplanted stem cells after ischaemic injury via the slow release of pro-survival peptides from a collagen matrix. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:104-113. [PMID: 29721363 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies hold considerable promise for regenerative medicine. However, acute donor-cell death within several weeks after cell delivery remains a critical hurdle for clinical translation. Co-transplantation of stem cells with pro-survival factors can improve cell engraftment, but this strategy has been hampered by the typically short half-lives of the factors and by the use of Matrigel and other scaffolds that are not chemically defined. Here, we report a collagen-dendrimer biomaterial crosslinked with pro-survival peptide analogues that adheres to the extracellular matrix and slowly releases the peptides, significantly prolonging stem cell survival in mouse models of ischaemic injury. The biomaterial can serve as a generic delivery system to improve functional outcomes in cell-replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Pharmacology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Pharmacology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maarten A Lijkwan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Pharmacology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sujin Park
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wan Xing Hong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mansi B Parekh
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xulei Qin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Venkata Raveendra Pothineni
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Verónica Sanchez-Freire
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Y Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigel G Kooreman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Pharmacology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Pharmacology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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42
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Aziz AUR, Farid S, Qin K, Wang H, Liu B. PIM Kinases and Their Relevance to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in the Regulation of Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8010007. [PMID: 29401696 PMCID: PMC5871976 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a medical term that includes a number of tumors with different molecular biology, phenotypes, tumor progression, etiology, and even different diagnosis. Some specific treatments are required to address this heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, thus molecular characterization may provide an important tool for this purpose. On a molecular level, proviral-integration site for Moloney-murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are over expressed in ovarian cancer and play a vital role in the regulation of different proteins responsible for this tumorigenesis. Likewise, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is also a central regulator of the ovarian cancer. Interestingly, recent research has linked the PIM kinases to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in several types of cancers, but their connection in ovarian cancer has not been studied yet. Once the exact relationship of PIM kinases with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is acquired in ovarian cancer, it will hopefully provide effective treatments on a molecular level. This review mainly focuses on the role of PIM kinases in ovarian cancer and their interactions with proteins involved in its progression. In addition, this review suggests a connection between the PIM kinases and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and their parallel mechanism in the regulation of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Sumbal Farid
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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43
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Marotta P, Cianflone E, Aquila I, Vicinanza C, Scalise M, Marino F, Mancuso T, Torella M, Indolfi C, Torella D. Combining cell and gene therapy to advance cardiac regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:409-423. [PMID: 29347847 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1430762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The characterization of multipotent endogenous cardiac stem cells (eCSCs) and the breakthroughs of somatic cell reprogramming to boost cardiomyocyte replacement have fostered the prospect of achieving functional heart repair/regeneration. AREAS COVERED Allogeneic CSC therapy through its paracrine stimulation of the endogenous resident reparative/regenerative process produces functional meaningful myocardial regeneration in pre-clinical porcine myocardial infarction models and is currently tested in the first-in-man human trial. The in vivo test of somatic reprogramming and cardioregenerative non-coding RNAs revived the interest in gene therapy for myocardial regeneration. The latter, together with the advent of genome editing, has prompted most recent efforts to produce genetically-modified allogeneic CSCs that secrete cardioregenerative factors to optimize effective myocardial repair. EXPERT OPINION The current war against heart failure epidemics in western countries seeks to find effective treatments to set back the failing hearts prolonging human lifespan. Off-the-shelf allogeneic-genetically-modified CSCs producing regenerative agents are a novel and evolving therapy set to be affordable, safe, effective and available at all times for myocardial regeneration to either prevent or treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Carla Vicinanza
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- b Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
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44
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Shannan B, Watters A, Chen Q, Mollin S, Dörr M, Meggers E, Xu X, Gimotty PA, Perego M, Li L, Benci J, Krepler C, Brafford P, Zhang J, Wei Z, Zhang G, Liu Q, Yin X, Nathanson KL, Herlyn M, Vultur A. PIM kinases as therapeutic targets against advanced melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54897-54912. [PMID: 27448973 PMCID: PMC5342389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma show encouraging results in the clinic; however, not all patients respond equally and tumor resistance still poses a challenge. To identify novel therapeutic targets for melanoma, we screened a panel of structurally diverse organometallic inhibitors against human-derived normal and melanoma cells. We observed that a compound that targets PIM kinases (a family of Ser/Thr kinases) preferentially inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and viability in adherent and three-dimensional (3D) melanoma models. Assessment of tumor tissue from melanoma patients showed that PIM kinases are expressed in pre- and post-treatment tumors, suggesting PIM kinases as promising targets in the clinic. Using knockdown studies, we showed that PIM1 contributes to melanoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo; however, the presence of PIM2 and PIM3 could also influence the outcome. The inhibition of all PIM isoforms using SGI-1776 (a clinically-available PIM inhibitor) reduced melanoma proliferation and survival in preclinical models of melanoma. This was potentiated in the presence of the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and in the presence of PI3K inhibitors. Our findings suggest that PIM inhibitors provide promising additions to the targeted therapies available to melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Shannan
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Watters
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Mollin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Dörr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michela Perego
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Benci
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Brafford
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiangfan Yin
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adina Vultur
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Insulin receptor substrate 1 is a substrate of the Pim protein kinases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20152-65. [PMID: 26956053 PMCID: PMC4991444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pim family of serine/threonine protein kinases (Pim 1, 2, and 3) contribute to cellular transformation by regulating glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Drugs targeting the Pim protein kinases are being tested in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. The goal of these studies was to identify Pim substrate(s) that could help define the pathway regulated by these enzymes and potentially serve as a biomarker of Pim activity. To identify novel substrates, bioinformatics analysis was carried out to identify proteins containing a consensus Pim phosphorylation site. This analysis identified the insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) as potential Pim substrates. Experiments were carried out in tissue culture, animals, and human samples from phase I trials to validate this observation and define the biologic readout of this phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates in both malignant and normal cells using either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the Pim kinases or overexpression of this family of enzymes that human IRS1S1101 and IRS2S1149 are Pim substrates. In xenograft tumor experiments and in a human phase I clinical trial, a pan-Pim inhibitor administered in vivo to animals or humans decreased IRS1S1101 phosphorylation in tumor tissues. This phosphorylation was shown to have effects on the half-life of the IRS family of proteins, suggesting a role in insulin or IGF signaling. These results demonstrate that IRS1S1101 is a novel substrate for the Pim kinases and provide a novel marker for evaluation of Pim inhibitor therapy.
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Nair JR, Caserta J, Belko K, Howell T, Fetterley G, Baldino C, Lee KP. Novel inhibition of PIM2 kinase has significant anti-tumor efficacy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:1715-1726. [PMID: 28008178 PMCID: PMC5537056 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PIM kinase family (PIM1, 2 and 3) have a central role in integrating growth and survival signals, and are expressed in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies. We now confirm that PIM2 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and within MM group it is overexpressed in the high-risk MF subset (activation of proto-oncogenes MAF/MAFB). This is consistent with our finding of PIM2's role in key signaling pathways (IL-6, CD28 activation) that confer chemotherapy resistance in MM cells. These studies have identified a novel PIM2-selective non-ATP competitive inhibitor (JP11646) that has a 4 to 760-fold greater suppression of MM proliferation and viability than ATP-competitive PIM inhibitors. This increased efficacy is due not only to the inhibition of PIM2 kinase activity, but also to a novel mechanism involving specific downregulation of PIM2 mRNA and protein expression not seen with the ATP competitive inhibitors. Treatment with JP11646 in xenogeneic myeloma murine models demonstrated significant reduction in tumor burden and increased median survival. Altogether our findings suggest the existence of previously unrecognized feedback loop(s) where PIM2 kinase activity regulates PIM2 gene expression in malignant cells, and that JP11646 represents a novel class of PIM2 inhibitors that interdicts this feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar R. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Justin Caserta
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
- Boston Biomedical, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Krista Belko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Tyger Howell
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Gerald Fetterley
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Carmen Baldino
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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Wang K, Deng X, Shen Z, Jia Y, Ding R, Li R, Liao X, Wang S, Ha Y, Kong Y, Wu Y, Guo J, Jie W. High glucose promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88320-88331. [PMID: 29179437 PMCID: PMC5687607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (Pim-1) plays an essential role in arterial wall cell proliferation and associated vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and aortic wall neointima formation. Here we tested a role of Pim-1 in high-glucose (HG)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Pim-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression levels in arterial samples from streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia rats were increased, compared with their weak expression in normoglycemic groups. In cultured rat VSMCs, HG led to transient Pim-1 expression decline, followed by sustained expression increase at both transcriptional and translational levels. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HG increased the expression of the 33-kDa isoform of Pim-1, but at much less extent to its 44-kDa plasma membrane isoform. D-glucose at a concentration of 25 mmol/L showed highest activity in stimulating Pim-1 expression. Both Pim-1 inhibitor quercetagetin and STAT3 inhibitor stattic significantly attenuated HG-induced VSMC proliferation and arrested cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. Quercetagetin showed no effect on Pim-1 expression but decreased the phosphorylated-Bad (T112)/Bad ratio in HG-treated VSMCs. However, stattic decreased phosphorylated-STAT3 (Y705) levels and caused transcriptional and translational down-regulation of Pim-1 in HG-treated VSMCs. Our findings suggest HG-mediated Pim-1 expression contributes to VSMC proliferation, which may be partly due to the activation of STAT3/Pim-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Ding
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Ha
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiong Kong
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yuyou Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development and Progression of Cardiac Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3920195. [PMID: 28751931 PMCID: PMC5511646 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3920195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling contribute to alter the existing structure of the heart, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Among the complex signaling network that characterizes myocardial remodeling, the distinct processes are myocyte loss, cardiac hypertrophy, alteration of extracellular matrix homeostasis, fibrosis, defective autophagy, metabolic abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several pathophysiological stimuli, such as pressure and volume overload, trigger the remodeling cascade, a process that initially confers protection to the heart as a compensatory mechanism. Yet chronic inflammation after myocardial infarction also leads to cardiac remodeling that, when prolonged, leads to heart failure progression. Here, we review the molecular pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, with particular emphasis on those associated with myocardial infarction. A better understanding of cell signaling involved in cardiac remodeling may support the development of new therapeutic strategies towards the treatment of heart failure and reduction of cardiac complications. We will also discuss data derived from gene therapy approaches for modulating key mediators of cardiac remodeling.
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Kulandavelu S, Karantalis V, Fritsch J, Hatzistergos KE, Loescher VY, McCall F, Wang B, Bagno L, Golpanian S, Wolf A, Grenet J, Williams A, Kupin A, Rosenfeld A, Mohsin S, Sussman MA, Morales A, Balkan W, Hare JM. Pim1 Kinase Overexpression Enhances ckit + Cardiac Stem Cell Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction in Swine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2454-2464. [PMID: 27908351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim1 kinase plays an important role in cell division, survival, and commitment of precursor cells towards a myocardial lineage, and overexpression of Pim1 in ckit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) enhances their cardioreparative properties. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to validate the effect of Pim1-modified CSCs in a translationally relevant large animal preclinical model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs, n = 10), hckit+ CSCs overexpressing Pim1 (Pim1+; n = 9), or placebo (n = 10) were delivered by intramyocardial injection to immunosuppressed Yorkshire swine (n = 29) 2 weeks after MI. Cardiac magnetic resonance and pressure volume loops were obtained before and after cell administration. RESULTS Whereas both hCSCs reduced MI size compared to placebo, Pim1+ cells produced a ∼3-fold greater decrease in scar mass at 8 weeks post-injection compared to hCSCs (-29.2 ± 2.7% vs. -8.4 ± 0.7%; p < 0.003). Pim1+ hCSCs also produced a 2-fold increase of viable mass compared to hCSCs at 8 weeks (113.7 ± 7.2% vs. 65.6 ± 6.8%; p <0.003), and a greater increase in regional contractility in both infarct and border zones (both p < 0.05). Both CSC types significantly increased ejection fraction at 4 weeks but this was only sustained in the Pim1+ group at 8 weeks compared to placebo. Both hCSC and Pim1+ hCSC treatment reduced afterload (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). Mechanoenergetic recoupling was significantly greater in the Pim1+ hCSC group (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Pim1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts. These findings provide a rationale for genetic modification of stem cells and consequent translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasileios Karantalis
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julia Fritsch
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Viky Y Loescher
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Frederic McCall
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bo Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Luiza Bagno
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Samuel Golpanian
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin Grenet
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam Williams
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Kupin
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aaron Rosenfeld
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Biology Department and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Azorides Morales
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wayne Balkan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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A functional SUMO-motif in the active site of PIM1 promotes its degradation via RNF4, and stimulates protein kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3598. [PMID: 28620180 PMCID: PMC5472562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM1 serine/threonine protein kinase mediates growth factor and survival signalling, and cooperates potently with c-MYC during tumorigenesis. PIM1 is overexpressed in many human cancers and is a promising target for drug development. PIM1 levels are regulated mainly through cytokine-induced transcription and protein degradation, but mechanisms regulating its activity and levels remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that PIM1 is modified in vitro and in cultured cells by the Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on two independent sites: K169, within a consensus SUMOylation motif (IK169DE171) in the active site of PIM1, and also at a second promiscuous site. Alanine substitution of E171 (within the consensus motif) abolished SUMOylation, significantly increased the half-life of PIM1, and markedly reduced its ubiquitylation. Mechanistically, SUMOylation promoted ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PIM1 via recruitment of the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, RNF4. Additionally, SUMOylated PIM1 showed enhanced protein kinase activity in vitro. Interestingly, the E171A mutant was active in vitro but displayed altered substrate specificity in cultured cells, consistent with the idea that SUMOylation may govern PIM1 substrate specificity under certain contexts. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the protein kinase activity and levels of PIM1 can be regulated by a covalent post-translational modification.
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