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Jeffreys N, Brockman JM, Zhai Y, Ingber DE, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011304. [PMID: 38434676 PMCID: PMC10848667 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials to present biochemical cues to manipulate T cells ex vivo and in vivo, mechanical cues that regulate their biology have been largely underappreciated. This review highlights the contributions of mechanical force to several receptor-ligand interactions critical to T cell function, with central focus on the TCR-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). We then emphasize the role of mechanical forces in (i) allosteric strengthening of the TCR-pMHC interaction in amplifying ligand discrimination during T cell antigen recognition prior to activation and (ii) T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We then describe approaches to design eTCRs, CARs, and biomaterials to exploit TCR mechanosensitivity in order to potentiate T cell manufacturing and function in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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2
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McCue C, Atari A, Parks S, Tseng YY, Varanasi KK. Reducing Cancer Cell Adhesion using Microtextured Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302401. [PMID: 37559167 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past century, trypsin has been the primary method of cell dissociation, largely without any major changes to the process. Enzymatic cell detachment strategies for large-scale cell culturing processes are popular but can be labor-intensive, potentially lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations, and produce large quantities of liquid waste. Therefore, engineering surfaces to lower cell adhesion strength could enable the next generation of cell culture surfaces for delicate primary cells and automated, high-throughput workflows. In this study, a process for creating microtextured polystyrene (PS) surfaces to measure the impact of microposts on the adhesion strength of cells is developed. Cell viability and proliferation assays show comparable results in two cancer cell lines between micropost surfaces and standard cell culture vessels. However, cell image analysis on microposts reveals that cell area decreases by half, and leads to an average twofold increase in cell length per area. Using a microfluidic-based method up to a seven times greater percentage of cells are removed from micropost surfaces than the flat control surfaces. These results show that micropost surfaces enable decreased cell adhesion strength while maintaining similar cell viabilities and proliferation as compared to flat PS surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McCue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adel Atari
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sean Parks
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Kim JH, Iyer S, Tessman C, Lakshman SV, Kang H, Gu L. Calcium Sulfate Microparticle Size Modification for Improved Alginate Hydrogel Fabrication and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.05.560969. [PMID: 37904934 PMCID: PMC10614730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.560969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion-crosslinked alginate hydrogels are widely used as a materials system for investigating cell behavior in 3D environments in vitro . Suspensions of calcium sulfate particles are often used as the source of Ca 2+ to control the rate of gelation. However, the instability of calcium sulfate suspensions can increase chances of reduced homogeneity of the resulting gel and requires researcher's proficiency. Here, we show that ball-milled calcium sulfate microparticles with smaller sizes can create more stable crosslinker suspensions than unprocessed or simply autoclaved calcium sulfate particles. In particular, 15 µm ball-milled calcium sulfate microparticles result in gels that are more homogeneous with a balanced gelation rate, which facilitates fabrication of gels with consistent mechanical properties and reliable performance for 3D cell culture. Overall, these microparticles represent an improved method for alginate hydrogel fabrication that can increase experimental reliability and quality for 3D cell culture.
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4
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Carballo-Pedrares N, Ponti F, Lopez-Seijas J, Miranda-Balbuena D, Bono N, Candiani G, Rey-Rico A. Non-viral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells: a practical guide towards cell engineering. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:49. [PMID: 37491322 PMCID: PMC10369726 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained momentum in the field of cell therapy for treating cartilage and bone injuries. Despite the tri-lineage multipotency, proliferative properties, and potent immunomodulatory effects of hMSCs, their clinical potential is hindered by donor variations, limiting their use in medical settings. To address this challenge, gene delivery technologies have emerged as a promising approach to modulate the phenotype and commitment of hMSCs towards specific cell lineages, thereby enhancing osteochondral repair strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current non-viral gene delivery approaches used to engineer MSCs, highlighting key factors such as the choice of nucleic acid or delivery vector, transfection strategies, and experimental parameters. Additionally, it outlines various protocols and methods for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of their therapeutic potential as a delivery system in osteochondral regenerative applications. In summary, this technical review offers a practical guide for optimizing non-viral systems in osteochondral regenerative approaches. hMSCs constitute a key target population for gene therapy techniques. Nevertheless, there is a long way to go for their translation into clinical treatments. In this review, we remind the most relevant transfection conditions to be optimized, such as the type of nucleic acid or delivery vector, the transfection strategy, and the experimental parameters to accurately evaluate a delivery system. This survey provides a practical guide to optimizing non-viral systems for osteochondral regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carballo-Pedrares
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Federica Ponti
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Junquera Lopez-Seijas
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Diego Miranda-Balbuena
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Nina Bono
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
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5
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Mei X, Li J, Wang Z, Zhu D, Huang K, Hu S, Popowski KD, Cheng K. An inhaled bioadhesive hydrogel to shield non-human primates from SARS-CoV-2 infection. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:903-912. [PMID: 36759564 PMCID: PMC10615614 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surge of fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 mutated variants highlights the need for fast, broad-spectrum strategies to counteract viral infections. In this work, we report a physical barrier against SARS-CoV-2 infection based on an inhalable bioadhesive hydrogel, named spherical hydrogel inhalation for enhanced lung defence (SHIELD). Conveniently delivered via a dry powder inhaler, SHIELD particles form a dense hydrogel network that coats the airway, enhancing the diffusional barrier properties and restricting virus penetration. SHIELD's protective effect is first demonstrated in mice against two SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-viruses with different mutated spike proteins. Strikingly, in African green monkeys, a single SHIELD inhalation provides protection for up to 8 hours, efficiently reducing infection by the SARS-CoV-2 WA1 and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants. Notably, SHIELD is made with food-grade materials and does not affect normal respiratory functions. This approach could offer additional protection to the population against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Junlang Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kristen D Popowski
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill & Raleigh, NC, USA.
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6
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Gene Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030856. [PMID: 36986717 PMCID: PMC10057434 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biological methods over the past decade has stimulated great interest in the possibility to regenerate human tissues. Advances in stem cell research, gene therapy, and tissue engineering have accelerated the technology in tissue and organ regeneration. However, despite significant progress in this area, there are still several technical issues that must be addressed, especially in the clinical use of gene therapy. The aims of gene therapy include utilising cells to produce a suitable protein, silencing over-producing proteins, and genetically modifying and repairing cell functions that may affect disease conditions. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on cell- and viral-mediated approaches, non-viral gene transfection agents are emerging as potentially safe and effective in the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene therapy based on viral vectors may induce pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Therefore, significant efforts are being invested in non-viral vectors to enhance their efficiency to a level comparable to the viral vector. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene encoding, a therapeutic protein, and synthetic gene delivery systems. One possible approach to enhance non-viral vector ability or to be an alternative to viral vectors would be to use tissue engineering technology for regenerative medicine therapy. This review provides a critical view of gene therapy with a major focus on the development of regenerative medicine technologies to control the in vivo location and function of administered genes.
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7
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Impact of baculoviral transduction of fluorescent actin on cellular forces. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151294. [PMID: 36791652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Live staining of actin brings valuable information in the field of mechanobiology. Gene transfer of GFP-actin has been reported to disturb cell rheological properties while gene transfer of fluorescent actin binding proteins was not. However the influence of gene transfer on cellular forces in adhered cells has never been investigated. This would provide a more complete picture of mechanical disorders induced by actin live staining for mechanobiology studies. Indeed, most of these techniques were shown to alter cell morphology. Change in cell morphology may in itself be sufficient to perturb cellular forces. Here we focus on quantifying the alterations of cellular stresses that result from baculoviral transduction of GFP-actin in MDCK cell line. We report that GFP-actin transduction increases the proportion of cells with large intracellular or surface stresses, especially in epithelia with low cell density. We show that the enhancement of the mechanical stresses is accompanied by small perturbations of cell shape, but not by a significant change in cell size. We thus conclude that this live staining method enhances the cellular forces but only brings subtle shape alterations.
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8
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Athirasala A, Patel S, Menezes PP, Kim J, Tahayeri A, Sahay G, Bertassoni LE. Matrix stiffness regulates lipid nanoparticle-mRNA delivery in cell-laden hydrogels. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102550. [PMID: 35292368 PMCID: PMC9206884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have increased in popularity, largely due to the transient and fast nature of protein expression and the low risk of off-target effects. This has increased drastically with the remarkable success of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19. Despite advances in lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based delivery, the mechanisms that regulate efficient endocytic trafficking and translation of mRNA remain poorly understood. Although it is widely acknowledged that the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates uptake and expression of exogenous nano-complexed genetic material, its specific effects on mRNA delivery and expression have not yet been examined. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for matrix stiffness in modulating both mRNA transfection and expression and uncover distinct mechano-regulatory mechanisms for endocytosis of mRNA through RhoA mediated mTOR signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Our findings have implications for effective delivery of therapeutic mRNA to targeted tissues that may be differentially affected by tissue and matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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9
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Development of a fibrin-mediated gene delivery system for the treatment of cystinosis via design of experiment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3752. [PMID: 35260693 PMCID: PMC8904479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare disease, caused by a mutation in the gene cystinosin and characterised by the accumulation of cystine crystals. Advantages of biomaterial-mediated gene delivery include reduced safety concerns and the possibility to cure organs that are difficult to treat using systemic gene transfer methods. This study developed novel fibrin hydrogels for controlled, localised gene delivery, for the treatment of cystinosis. In the first part, fabrication parameters (i.e., DNA, thrombin, and aprotinin concentrations) were optimised, using a Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology. DOE is a statistical engineering approach to process optimisation, which increases experimental efficiency, reduces the number of experiments, takes into consideration interactions between different parameters, and allows the creation of predictive models. This study demonstrated the utility of DOE to the development of gene delivery constructs. In the second part of the study, primary fibroblasts from a patient with cystinosis were seeded on the biomaterials. Seeded cells expressed the recombinant CTNS and showed a decrease in cystine content. Furthermore, conditioned media contained functional copies of the recombinant CTNS. These were taken up by monolayer cultures of non-transfected cells. This study described a methodology to develop gene delivery constructs by using a DOE approach and ultimately provided new insights into the treatment of cystinosis.
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10
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Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
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11
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Jiang S, Wang M, He J. A review of biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration: Toward a cell-free strategy. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10206. [PMID: 34027093 PMCID: PMC8126827 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical terms, bone grafting currently involves the application of autogenous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic bone grafts, as well as natural or artificially synthesized materials, such as polymers, bioceramics, and other composites. Many of these are associated with limitations. The ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering should provide mechanical support while promoting osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and even osteoinduction. There are various structural complications and engineering difficulties to be considered. Here, we describe the biomimetic possibilities of the modification of natural or synthetic materials through physical and chemical design to facilitate bone tissue repair. This review summarizes recent progresses in the strategies for constructing biomimetic scaffolds, including ion-functionalized scaffolds, decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds, and micro- and nano-scale biomimetic scaffold structures, as well as reactive scaffolds induced by physical factors, and other acellular scaffolds. The fabrication techniques for these scaffolds, along with current strategies in clinical bone repair, are described. The developments in each category are discussed in terms of the connection between the scaffold materials and tissue repair, as well as the interactions with endogenous cells. As the advances in bone tissue engineering move toward application in the clinical setting, the demonstration of the therapeutic efficacy of these novel scaffold designs is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Jiang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mohan Wang
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
| | - Jiacai He
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
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13
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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14
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Sarkhosh H, Nourany M, Noormohammadi F, Ranjbar HA, Zakizadeh M, Javadzadeh M. Development of a semi-crystalline hybrid polyurethane nanocomposites for hMSCs cell culture and evaluation of body- temperature shape memory performance and isothermal crystallization kinetics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Novikova EA, Storm C. Evolving roles and dynamics for catch and slip bonds during adhesion cluster maturation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032402. [PMID: 33862804 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are the loci of cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix. At these sites, various integrins forge connections between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the outside world; large patches of multiple types of integrins together grip hold of collagen, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix components. A single focal adhesion will likely contain bonds whose lifetime increases with applied load (catch bonds), and bonds whose lifetime decreases with applied load (slip bonds). Prior work suggests that the combination of different types of integrins is essential for focal adhesion stability and mechanosensory functionality. In the present work, we investigate numerically the interplay between two distinct types of bonds, and we ask how the presence of slip bonds, in the same focal integrin cluster, augments the collective behavior of the catch bonds. We show that mixing these two components may increase the low-force mechanical integrity that may be lacking in pure-catch adhesions, while preserving the potential to strengthen the entire adhesion when a force is applied. We investigate the spatial distribution in mixed-integrin focal adhesions, and we show that the differential response to loading leads, via an excluded volume interaction, to a dependence of the individual integrin diffusivities on the applied load, an effect that has been reported in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Novikova
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Storm
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Farahat M, Kazi GAS, Hara ES, Matsumoto T. Effect of Biomechanical Environment on Degeneration of Meckel's Cartilage. J Dent Res 2020; 100:171-178. [PMID: 33000980 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520960118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During orofacial tissue development, the anterior and posterior regions of the Meckel's cartilage undergo mineralization, while the middle region undergoes degeneration. Despite the interesting and particular phenomena, the mechanisms that regulate the different fates of Meckel's cartilage, including the effects of biomechanical cues, are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the course of Meckel's cartilage during embryonic development from a biomechanical perspective. Histomorphological and biomechanical (stiffness) changes in the Meckel's cartilage were analyzed from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 0. The results revealed remarkable changes in the morphology and size of chondrocytes, as well as the occurrence of chondrocyte burst in the vicinity of the mineralization site, an often-seen phenomenon preceding endochondral ossification. To understand the effect of biomechanical cues on Meckel's cartilage fate, a mechanically tuned 3-dimensional hydrogel culture system was used. At the anterior region, a moderately soft environment (10-kPa hydrogel) promoted chondrocyte burst and ossification. On the contrary, at the middle region, a more rigid environment (40-kPa hydrogel) enhanced cartilage degradation by inducing a higher expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13. These results indicate that differences in the biomechanical properties of the surrounding environment are essential factors that distinctly guide the mineralization and degradation of Meckel's cartilage and would be valuable tools for modulating in vitro cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farahat
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - G A S Kazi
- Department of Applied Life Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - E S Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Ledo AM, Vining KH, Alonso MJ, Garcia-Fuentes M, Mooney DJ. Extracellular matrix mechanics regulate transfection and SOX9-directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:153-163. [PMID: 32417266 PMCID: PMC7291356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery within hydrogel matrices can potentially direct mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards a chondrogenic fate to promote regeneration of cartilage. Here, we investigated whether the mechanical properties of the hydrogel containing the gene delivery systems could enhance transfection and chondrogenic programming of primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs. We developed collagen-I-alginate interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with tunable stiffness and adhesion properties. The hydrogels were activated with nanocomplexed SOX9 polynucleotides to direct chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. MSCs transfected within the hydrogels showed higher expression of chondrogenic markers compared to MSCs transfected in 2D prior to encapsulation. The nanocomplex uptake and resulting expression of transfected SOX9 were jointly enhanced by increased stiffness and cell-adhesion ligand density in the hydrogels. Further, transfection of SOX9 effectively induced MSCs chondrogenesis and reduced markers of hypertrophy compared to control matrices. These findings highlight the importance of matrix stiffness and adhesion as design parameters in gene-activated matrices for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gene-activated matrices (GAMs) are biodegradable polymer networks integrating gene therapies, and they are promising technologies for supporting tissue regeneration. Despite this interest, there is still limited information on how to rationally design these systems. Here, we provide a systematic study of the effect of matrix stiffness and cell adhesion ligands on gene transfer efficiency. We show that high stiffness and the presence of cell-binding sites promote transfection efficiency and that this result is related to more efficient internalization and trafficking of the gene therapies. GAMs with optimized mechanical properties can induce cartilage formation and result in tissues with better characteristics for articular cartilage tissue engineering as compared to previously described standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Ledo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Kyle H Vining
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CIMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Brain tumors' severity ranges from benign to highly aggressive and invasive. Bioengineering tools can assist in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumors from outside the body and facilitate development of suitable antitumoral treatments. Here, we first describe the physiology and cellular composition of brain tumors. Then, we discuss the development of three-dimensional tissue models utilizing brain tumor cells. In particular, we highlight the role of hydrogels in providing a biomimetic support for the cells to grow into defined structures. Microscale technologies, such as electrospinning and bioprinting, and advanced cellular models aim to mimic the extracellular matrix and natural cellular localization in engineered tumor tissues. Lastly, we review current applications and prospects of hydrogels for therapeutic purposes, such as drug delivery and co-administration with other therapies. Through further development, hydrogels can serve as a reliable option for in vitro modeling and treatment of brain tumors for translational medicine.
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19
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Yao L, Weng W, Cheng K, Wang L, Dong L, Lin J, Sheng K. Novel Platform for Surface-Mediated Gene Delivery Assisted with Visible-Light Illumination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17290-17301. [PMID: 32208666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-mediated gene delivery has attracted more and more attentions in biomedical research and applications because of its characteristics of low toxicity and localized delivery. Herein, a novel visible-light-regulated, surface-mediated gene-delivery platform is exhibited, arising from the photoinduced surface-charge accumulation on silicon. Silicon with a pn junction is used and tested subsequently for the behavior of surface-mediated gene delivery under visible-light illumination. It is found that positive-charge accumulation under light illumination changes the surface potential and then facilitates the delivery of gene-loaded carriers. As a result, the gene-expression efficiency shows a significant improvement from 6% to 28% under a 10 min visible-light illumination. Such improvement is ascribed to the increase in surface potential caused by light illumination, which promotes both the release of gene-loaded carriers and the cellular uptake. This work suggests that silicon with photovoltaic effect could offer a new strategy for surface-mediated, gene-delivery-related biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Sheng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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20
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Huang NC, Lee CM, Hsu SH. Effective naked plasmid DNA delivery into stem cells by microextrusion-based transient-transfection system for in situ cardiac repair. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:70-81. [PMID: 32007417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Combining the use of transfection reagents and physical methods can markedly improve the efficiency of gene delivery; however, such methods often cause cell damage. Additionally, naked plasmids without any vector or physical stimulation are difficult to deliver into stem cells. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and rapid method to simultaneously facilitate efficient in situ naked gene delivery and form a bioactive hydrogel scaffold. METHODS Transfecting naked GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) plasmids into human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) by co-extruding naked plasmids and hUC-MSCs with a biomimetic and negatively charged water-based biodegradable thermo-responsive polyurethane (PU) hydrogel through a microextrusion-based transient-transfection system can upregulate the other cardiac marker genes. RESULTS The PU hydrogels with optimized physicochemical properties (such as hard-soft segment composition, size, hardness and thermal gelation) induced GATA4-transfected hUC-MSCs to express the cardiac marker proteins and then differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells in 15 days. We further demonstrated that GATA4-transfected hUC-MSCs in PU hydrogel were capable of in situ revival of heart function in zebrafish in 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hUC-MSCs and naked plasmids encapsulated in PU hydrogels might represent a new strategy for in situ tissue therapy using the microextrusion-based transient-transfection system described here. This transfection system is simple, effective and safer than conventional technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Chi Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chii-Ming Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Center of Tissue Engineering and 3D Printing, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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21
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Hansel CS, Holme MN, Gopal S, Stevens MM. Advances in high-resolution microscopy for the study of intracellular interactions with biomaterials. Biomaterials 2020; 226:119406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Ma Z, Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Tran R, Parameshwar PK, Kalashnikov N, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Biomimetic Micropatterned Adhesive Surfaces To Mechanobiologically Regulate Placental Trophoblast Fusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47810-47821. [PMID: 31773938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The placental syncytiotrophoblast is a giant multinucleated cell that forms a tree-like structure and regulates transport between mother and baby during development. It is maintained throughout pregnancy by continuous fusion of trophoblast cells, and disruptions in fusion are associated with considerable adverse health effects including diseases such as preeclampsia. Developing predictive control over cell fusion in culture models is hence of critical importance in placental drug discovery and transport studies, but this can currently be only partially achieved with biochemical factors. Here, we investigate whether biophysical signals associated with budding morphogenesis during development of the placental villous tree can synergistically direct and enhance trophoblast fusion. We use micropatterning techniques to manipulate physical stresses in engineered microtissues and demonstrate that biomimetic geometries simulating budding robustly enhance fusion and alter spatial patterns of synthesis of pregnancy-related hormones. These findings indicate that biophysical signals play a previously unrecognized and significant role in regulating placental fusion and function, in synergy with established soluble signals. More broadly, our studies demonstrate that biomimetic strategies focusing on tissue mechanics can be important approaches to design, build, and test placental tissue cultures for future studies of pregnancy-related drug safety, efficacy, and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Lucas Sagrillo-Fagundes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotehnologie and Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec , Laval , QC H7V 1B7 , Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Raymond Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Prabu Karthick Parameshwar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotehnologie and Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec , Laval , QC H7V 1B7 , Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 1A3 , Canada
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23
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Chandrasekaran A, Kouthouridis S, Lee W, Lin N, Ma Z, Turner MJ, Hanrahan JW, Moraes C. Magnetic microboats for floating, stiffness tunable, air-liquid interface epithelial cultures. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2786-2798. [PMID: 31332423 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To study respiratory diseases, in vitro airway epithelial models are commonly implemented by culturing airway cells on a porous surface at an air-liquid interface (ALI). However, these surfaces are often supraphysiologically stiff, which is known to affect the organization, maturation, and responses of cells to potential therapies in other biological culture models. While it is possible to culture cells on soft hydrogel substrates at an air-liquid interface, these techniques are challenging to implement particularly in high-throughput applications which require robust and repetitive material handling procedures. To address these two limitations and characterize epithelial cultures on substrates of varying stiffness at the ALI, we developed a novel "lung-on-a-boat", in which stiffness-tuneable hydrogels are integrated into the bottoms of polymeric microstructures, which normally float at the air-liquid interface. An embedded magnetic material can be used to sink the boat on demand when a magnetic field is applied, enabling reliable transition between submerged and ALI culture. In this work, we prototype a functional ALI microboat platform, with integrated stiffness-tunable polyacrylamide hydrogel surfaces, and validate the use of this technology with a model epithelial cell line. We verify sufficient transport through the hydrogel base to maintain cell viability and stimulate cultures, using a model nanoparticle with known toxicity. We then demonstrate significant morphological and functional effects on epithelial barrier formation, suggesting that substrate stiffness is an important parameter to consider in the design of in vitro epithelial ALI models for drug discovery and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Mark J Turner
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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24
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Chang J, Chaudhuri O. Beyond proteases: Basement membrane mechanics and cancer invasion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2456-2469. [PMID: 31315943 PMCID: PMC6683740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cancers, cells must invade through basement membranes (BMs) to metastasize. The BM, a thin layer of extracellular matrix underlying epithelial and endothelial tissues, is primarily composed of laminin and collagen IV and serves as a structural barrier to cancer cell invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. BM invasion has been thought to require protease degradation since cells, which are typically on the order of 10 µm in size, are too large to squeeze through the nanometer-scale pores of the BM. However, recent studies point toward a more complex picture, with physical forces generated by cancer cells facilitating protease-independent BM invasion. Moreover, collective cell interactions, proliferation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, and immune cells are all implicated in regulating BM invasion through physical forces. A comprehensive understanding of BM structure and mechanics and diverse modes of BM invasion may yield new strategies for blocking cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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25
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Truong NF, Kurt E, Tahmizyan N, Lesher-Pérez SC, Chen M, Darling NJ, Xi W, Segura T. Microporous annealed particle hydrogel stiffness, void space size, and adhesion properties impact cell proliferation, cell spreading, and gene transfer. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:160-172. [PMID: 31154058 PMCID: PMC7444265 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Designing scaffolds for polyplex-mediated therapeutic gene delivery has a number of applications in regenerative medicine, such as for tissue repair after wounding or disease. Microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels are an emerging class of porous biomaterials, formed by annealing microgel particles to one another in situ to form a porous bulk scaffold. MAP gels have previously been shown to support and enhance proliferative and regenerative behaviors both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, coupling gene delivery with MAP hydrogels presents a promising approach for therapy development. To optimize MAP hydrogels for gene delivery, we studied the effects of particle size and stiffness as well as adhesion potential on cell surface area and proliferation and then correlated this information with the ability of cells to become transfected while seeded in these scaffolds. We find that the void space size as well as the presentation of integrin ligands influence transfection efficiency. This work demonstrates the importance of considering MAP material properties for guiding cell spreading, proliferation, and gene transfer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels are an emerging class of porous biomaterials, formed by annealing spherical microgels together in situ, creating a porous scaffold from voids between the packed beads. Here we investigated the effects of MAP physical and adhesion properties on cell spreading, proliferation, and gene transfer in fibroblasts. Particle size and void space influenced spreading and proliferation, with larger particles improving transfection. MAP stiffness was also important, with stiffer scaffolds increasing proliferation, spreading, and transfection, contrasting studies in nonporous hydrogels that showed an inverse response. Last, RGD ligand concentration and presentation modulated spreading similar to non-MAP hydrogels. These findings reveal relationships between MAP properties and cell processes, suggesting how MAP can be tuned to improve future design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F Truong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Evan Kurt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nairi Tahmizyan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Cai Lesher-Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mabel Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole J Darling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Weixian Xi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurology, and Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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26
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Ueda M, Jo JI, Gao JQ, Tabata Y. Effect of lipopolysaccharide addition on the gene transfection of spermine-introduced pullulan-plasmid DNA complexes for human mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1542-1558. [PMID: 31354063 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1650240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) addition on the gene transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). hMSC were treated with the LPS at different concentrations and the complex of spermine-introduced pullulan and luciferase plasmid DNA for 3 h. The maximum level of gene expression was observed for hMSC treated with a certain concentration range of LPS. In addition, the cytotoxicity, cellular internalization of complexes, and cell cycle after LPS treatment were investigated. The cytotoxicity increased with an increase in the LPS concentration treated. On the other hand, the cellular internalization of complexes increased with the increased LPS concentration, although the internalization was sharply reduced at the high concentration. The LPS treatment increased the actin polymerization of cells to allow to spread more. The enhanced cells spreading would enhance the cellular internalization of complexes. In addition, the LPS treatment increased the rate of cell cycle. It is possible that the balance of cytotoxicity, cellular internalization, and cell cycle caused by the LPS addition results in the enhanced gene transfection at a certain LPS concentration. It is concluded that LPS treatment positively modified the cellular internalization and the cell cycle, resulting in the enhanced gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ueda
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University , P. R. China
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
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27
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Xu W, Zhang X, Yang P, Långvik O, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Österberg M, Willför S, Xu C. Surface Engineered Biomimetic Inks Based on UV Cross-Linkable Wood Biopolymers for 3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12389-12400. [PMID: 30844234 PMCID: PMC6727376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their superior mechanical strength and structure similarity to the extracellular matrix, nanocelluloses as a class of emerging biomaterials have attracted great attention in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to fabricate various tissue mimics. Yet, when printing complex geometries, the desired ink performance in terms of shape fidelity and object resolution demands a wide catalogue of tunability on the material property. This paper describes surface engineered biomimetic inks based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cross-linkable hemicellulose derivatives for UV-aided extrusion printing, being inspired by the biomimetic aspect of intrinsic affinity of heteropolysaccharides to cellulose in providing the ultrastrong but flexible plant cell wall structure. A facile aqueous-based approach was established for the synthesis of a series of UV cross-linkable galactoglucomannan methacrylates (GGMMAs) with tunable substitution degrees. The rapid gelation window of the formulated inks facilitates the utilization of these wood-based biopolymers as the feeding ink for extrusion-based 3D printing. Most importantly, a wide and tunable spectrum ranging from 2.5 to 22.5 kPa of different hydrogels with different mechanical properties could be achieved by varying the substitution degree in GGMMA and the compositional ratio between GGMMA and CNFs. Used as the seeding matrices in the cultures of human dermal fibroblasts and pancreatic tumor cells, the scaffolds printed with the CNF/GGMMA inks showed great cytocompatibility as well as supported the matrix adhesion and proliferative behaviors of the studied cell lines. As a new family of 3D printing feedstock materials, the CNF/GGMMA ink will broaden the map of bioinks, which potentially meets the requirements for a variety of in vitro cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction studies in the context of tissue engineering, cancer cell research, and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peiru Yang
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Långvik
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry
Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Kemira Oyj, FI-02270 Espoo, Finland
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28
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Truong NF, Lesher-Pérez SC, Kurt E, Segura T. Pathways Governing Polyethylenimine Polyplex Transfection in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:476-486. [PMID: 30513197 PMCID: PMC7290906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery using injectable hydrogels can serve as a potential method for regulated tissue regeneration in wound healing. Our microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogel has been shown to promote cellular infiltration in both skin and brain wounds, while reducing inflammation. Although the scaffold itself can promote healing, it is likely that other signals will be required to promote healing of hard-to-treat wounds. Gene delivery is one approach to introduce desired bioactive signals. In this study, we investigated how the properties of MAP hydrogels influence non-viral gene delivery of polyethylenimine-condensed plasmid to cells seeded within the MAP gel. From past studies, we found that gene transfer to cells seeded in tissue culture plastic differed from gene transfer to cells seeded inside hydrogel scaffolds. Since MAP scaffolds are generated from hydrogel microparticles that are approximately 100 μm in diameter, they display local characteristics that can be viewed as two-dimensional or three-dimensional to cells. Thus, we sought to study if gene transfer inside MAP scaffolds differed from gene transfer to cells seeded in tissue culture plastic. We sought to understand the roles of the endocytosis pathway, actin and microtubule dynamics, RhoGTPases, and YAP/TAZ on transfection of human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F Truong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Sasha Cai Lesher-Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Evan Kurt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Mantz A, Pannier AK. Biomaterial substrate modifications that influence cell-material interactions to prime cellular responses to nonviral gene delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:100-113. [PMID: 30621454 PMCID: PMC6405826 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218821060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review summarizes how biomaterial substrate modifications (e.g. chemical modifications like natural coatings, ligands, or functional side groups, and/or physical modifications such as topography or stiffness) can prime the cellular response to nonviral gene delivery (e.g. affecting integrin binding and focal adhesion formation, cytoskeletal remodeling, endocytic mechanisms, and intracellular trafficking), to aid in improving gene delivery for applications where a cell-material interface might exist (e.g. tissue engineering scaffolds, medical implants and devices, sensors and diagnostics, wound dressings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Mantz
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering,
University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583,
USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering,
University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583,
USA
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30
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Hamann A, Nguyen A, Pannier AK. Nucleic acid delivery to mesenchymal stem cells: a review of nonviral methods and applications. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30675180 PMCID: PMC6339289 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated and expanded from many tissues, and are being investigated for use in cell therapies. Though MSC therapies have demonstrated some success, none have been FDA approved for clinical use. MSCs lose stemness ex vivo, decreasing therapeutic potential, and face additional barriers in vivo, decreasing therapeutic efficacy. Culture optimization and genetic modification of MSCs can overcome these barriers. Viral transduction is efficient, but limited by safety concerns related to mutagenicity of integrating viral vectors and potential immunogenicity of viral antigens. Nonviral delivery methods are safer, though limited by inefficiency and toxicity, and are flexible and scalable, making them attractive for engineering MSC therapies. Main text Transfection method and nucleic acid determine efficiency and expression profile in transfection of MSCs. Transfection methods include microinjection, electroporation, and nanocarrier delivery. Microinjection and electroporation are efficient, but are limited by throughput and toxicity. In contrast, a variety of nanocarriers have been demonstrated to transfer nucleic acids into cells, however nanocarrier delivery to MSCs has traditionally been inefficient. To improve efficiency, plasmid sequences can be optimized by choice of promoter, inclusion of DNA targeting sequences, and removal of bacterial elements. Instead of DNA, RNA can be delivered for rapid protein expression or regulation of endogenous gene expression. Beyond choice of nanocarrier and nucleic acid, transfection can be optimized by priming cells with media additives and cell culture surface modifications to modulate barriers of transfection. Media additives known to enhance MSC transfection include glucocorticoids and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Culture surface properties known to modulate MSC transfection include substrate stiffness and specific protein coating. If nonviral gene delivery to MSCs can be sufficiently improved, MSC therapies could be enhanced by transfection for guided differentiation and reprogramming, transplantation survival and directed homing, and secretion of therapeutics. We discuss utilized delivery methods and nucleic acids, and resulting efficiency and outcomes, in transfection of MSCs reported for such applications. Conclusion Recent developments in transfection methods, including nanocarrier and nucleic acid technologies, combined with chemical and physical priming of MSCs, may sufficiently improve transfection efficiency, enabling scalable genetic engineering of MSCs, potentially bringing effective MSC therapies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hamann
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
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31
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Shen K, Kenche H, Zhao H, Li J, Stone J. The role of extracellular matrix stiffness in regulating cytoskeletal remodeling via vinculin in synthetic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:302-307. [PMID: 30502091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin is a key player in sensing and responding to external mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness. Increased matrix stiffness is often associated with certain pathological conditions including hypertension induced cellular cytoskeleton changes in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. However, little is known on how stiffness affects cytoskeletal remodeling via vinculin in VSM cells. Thus, we utilized matrices with elastic moduli that simulate vascular stiffness in different stages of hypertension to investigate how matrix stiffness regulates cell cytoskeleton via vinculin in synthetic VSM cells. Through selecting a suitable reference gene, we found that an increase in physiologically relevant extracellular matrix stiffness (2-50 kPa) downregulates vinculin gene expression but upregulates vinculin protein expression. This discrepancy, which was not observed previously for non-muscle cells, suggests that the vinculin-mediated mecahnotransduction mechanism in synthetic VSM cells may be more complex than those proposed for non-muscle cells. Also adding to previous findings, we found that VSM cell growth may be impeded by substrates that are either too soft or too rigid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA.
| | - Harshavardhan Kenche
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Jasimine Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
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32
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Zhang N, Chin JS, Chew SY. Localised non-viral delivery of nucleic acids for nerve regeneration in injured nervous systems. Exp Neurol 2018; 319:112820. [PMID: 30195695 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axons damaged by traumatic injuries are often unable to spontaneously regenerate in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Although the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has some regenerative capacity, its ability to regrow remains limited across large lesion gaps due to scar tissue formation. Nucleic acid therapy holds the potential of improving regeneration by enhancing the intrinsic growth ability of neurons and overcoming the inhibitory environment that prevents neurite outgrowth. Nucleic acids modulate gene expression by over-expression of neuronal growth factor or silencing growth-inhibitory molecules. Although in vitro outcomes appear promising, the lack of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery methods to the nervous system has limited the application of nucleic acid therapeutics to patients. Here, we review the recent development of efficient non-viral nucleic acid delivery platforms, as applied to the nervous system, including the transfection vectors and carriers used, as well as matrices and scaffolds that are currently used. Additionally, we will discuss possible improvements for localised nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jiah Shin Chin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; NTU Institute of Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore.
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33
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Youngblood RL, Truong NF, Segura T, Shea LD. It's All in the Delivery: Designing Hydrogels for Cell and Non-viral Gene Therapies. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2087-2106. [PMID: 30107997 PMCID: PMC6127639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels provide a regenerative medicine platform with their ability to create an environment that supports transplanted or endogenous infiltrating cells and enables these cells to restore or replace the function of tissues lost to disease or trauma. Furthermore, these systems have been employed as delivery vehicles for therapeutic genes, which can direct and/or enhance the function of the transplanted or endogenous cells. Herein, we review recent advances in the development of hydrogels for cell and non-viral gene delivery through understanding the design parameters, including both physical and biological components, on promoting transgene expression, cell engraftment, and ultimately cell function. Furthermore, this review identifies emerging opportunities for combining cell and gene delivery approaches to overcome challenges to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Youngblood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Norman F Truong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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34
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Modaresi S, Pacelli S, Whitlow J, Paul A. Deciphering the role of substrate stiffness in enhancing the internalization efficiency of plasmid DNA in stem cells using lipid-based nanocarriers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8947-8952. [PMID: 29693099 PMCID: PMC5957767 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of substrate stiffness in the non-viral transfection of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with the aim to maximize the hASC expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The results confirm the direct effect of substrate stiffness in regulating cytoskeletal remodeling and corresponding plasmid internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Modaresi
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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35
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Unifying in vitro and in vivo IVT mRNA expression discrepancies in skeletal muscle via mechanotransduction. Biomaterials 2018; 159:189-203. [PMID: 29331806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The translational efficiency of an in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA was measured upon delivery to primary skeletal muscle cells and to a mouse model system, towards the development of a predictive in vitro assay for the screening and validation of intramuscular mRNA-based vaccines. When IVT mRNA was delivered either naked or complexed with novel aminoglycoside-based delivery vehicles, significant differences in protein expression in vitro and in vivo were observed. We hypothesized that this previously anticipated discrepancy was due to differences in the mechanism of IVT mRNA endosomal entry and release following delivery. To address this, IVT mRNA was fluorescently labeled prior to delivery, to visualize its distribution. Colocalization with endosomal markers indicated that different entry pathways were utilized in vivo and in vitro, depending on the delivery vehicle, resulting in variations in protein expression levels. Since extracellular matrix stiffness (ECM) influences mRNA entry, trafficking and release, the effect of mechanotransduction on mRNA expression was investigated in vitro upon delivery of IVT mRNA alone, and complexed with delivery vehicles to skeletal muscle cells grown on ∼10 kPa hydrogels. This in vitro hydrogel model more accurately recapitulated the results obtained in vivo upon IM injection, indicating that this approach may assist in the characterization of mRNA based vaccines.
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36
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Wang Y, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. Matrix Stiffness Differentially Regulates Cellular Uptake Behavior of Nanoparticles in Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25915-25928. [PMID: 28718278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix stiffness regulates cell behavior in various biological contexts. In breast tumors, the deposition of extracellular matrix correlates with increasing matrix stiffness and poor survival. Nanoparticulate carriers represent a promising therapeutic vehicle for disease diagnosis and efficient anticancer drug delivery. However, how matrix stiffness influences cellular uptake of nanoparticles remains largely unexplored. Here, we selected photopolymerized polyacrylamide gels with varying stiffnesses as model substrates and studied the impact of matrix stiffness on cell morphology and nanoparticle uptake efficiency in two representative breast cancer cell lines with varying invasiveness, that is, MCF-7 with low invasiveness and MDA-MB-231 with high invasiveness. In our study, both cell lines showed similar morphological changes with changing stiffness. MCF-7 cells adhered on compliant substrates (1 kPa) showed a roundlike morphology with the lowest cell uptake efficiency among four stiffnesses under investigation at each given time point, whereas for MDA-MB-231 cells, the uptake efficiency showed no significant differences across varying stiffnesses. The percentages of MCF-7 cell proliferation on a 1 kPa substrate were significantly decreased at 48 and 72 h as compared to those on stiff substrates and coverslips. When treated with pluronic/d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate mixed micelle-loaded paclitaxel, cells on stiff substrates of 7, 20, and 25 kPa showed higher cell apoptosis rates as compared to those of cells on 1 kPa substrates. To sum up, our work presents an example of how physical cues impact specific cellular behavior and function, which may further contribute to engineering nanoparticulate delivery systems for more efficient delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, China
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Shin K, Acri T, Geary S, Salem AK. Biomimetic Mineralization of Biomaterials Using Simulated Body Fluids for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1169-1180. [PMID: 28463603 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of synthetic biomaterials imbued with inorganic and organic characteristics of natural bone that are capable of promoting effective bone tissue regeneration is an ongoing goal of regenerative medicine. Calcium phosphate (CaP) has been predominantly utilized to mimic the inorganic components of bone, such as calcium hydroxyapatite, due to its intrinsic bioactivity and osteoconductivity. CaP-based materials can be further engineered to promote osteoinductivity through the incorporation of osteogenic biomolecules. In this study, we briefly describe the microstructure and the process of natural bone mineralization and introduce various methods for coating CaP onto biomaterial surfaces. In particular, we summarize the advantages and current progress of biomimetic surface-mineralizing processes using simulated body fluids for coating bone-like carbonated apatite onto various material surfaces such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. The osteoinductive effects of integrating biomolecules such as proteins, growth factors, and genes into the mineral coatings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsup Shin
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Timothy Acri
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sean Geary
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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38
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Qing G, Lu Q, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Wang H, Li X, Liang X, Sun T. New Opportunities and Challenges of Smart Polymers in Post-Translational Modification Proteomics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604670. [PMID: 28112833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which denote covalent additions of various functional groups (e.g., phosphate, glycan, methyl, or ubiquitin) to proteins, significantly increase protein complexity and diversity. PTMs play crucial roles in the regulation of protein functions and numerous cellular processes. However, in a living organism, native PTM proteins are typically present at substoichiometric levels, considerably impeding mass-spectrometry-based analyses and identification. Over the past decade, the demand for in-depth PTM proteomics studies has spawned a variety of selective affinity materials capable of capturing trace amounts of PTM peptides from highly complex biosamples. However, novel design ideas or strategies are urgently required for fulfilling the increasingly complex and accurate requirements of PTM proteomics analysis, which can hardly be met by using conventional enrichment materials. Considering two typical types of protein PTMs, phosphorylation and glycosylation, an overview of polymeric enrichment materials is provided here, with an emphasis on the superiority of smart-polymer-based materials that can function in intelligent modes. Moreover, some smart separation materials are introduced to demonstrate the enticing prospects and the challenges of smart polymers applied in PTM proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Hongxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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39
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Adams CF, Dickson AW, Kuiper JH, Chari DM. Nanoengineering neural stem cells on biomimetic substrates using magnetofection technology. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17869-17880. [PMID: 27714076 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering studies are witnessing a major paradigm shift to cell culture on biomimetic materials that replicate native tissue features from which the cells are derived. Few studies have been performed in this regard for neural cells, particularly in nanomedicine. For example, platforms such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have proven efficient as multifunctional tools for cell tracking and genetic engineering of neural transplant populations. However, as far as we are aware, all current studies have been conducted using neural cells propagated on non-neuromimetic substrates that fail to represent the mechano-elastic properties of brain and spinal cord microenvironments. Accordingly, it can be predicted that such data is of less translational and physiological relevance than that derived from cells grown in neuromimetic environments. Therefore, we have performed the first test of magnetofection technology (enhancing MNP delivery using applied magnetic fields with significant potential for therapeutic application) and its utility in genetically engineering neural stem cells (NSCs; a population of high clinical relevance) propagated in biomimetic hydrogels. We demonstrate magnetic field application safely enhances MNP mediated transfection of NSCs grown as 3D spheroid structures in collagen which more closely replicates the intrinsic mechanical and structural properties of neural tissue than routinely used hard substrates. Further, as it is well known that MNP uptake is mediated by endocytosis we also investigated NSC membrane activity grown on both soft and hard substrates. Using high resolution scanning electron microscopy we were able to prove that NSCs display lower levels of membrane activity on soft substrates compared to hard, a finding which could have particular impact on MNP mediated engineering strategies of cells propagated in physiologically relevant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Adams
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Andrew W Dickson
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jan-Herman Kuiper
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK. and Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK. and School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
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40
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Raisin S, Belamie E, Morille M. Non-viral gene activated matrices for mesenchymal stem cells based tissue engineering of bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 2016; 104:223-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Zhou H, Goss M, Hernandez C, Mansour JM, Exner A. Validation of Ultrasound Elastography Imaging for Nondestructive Characterization of Stiffer Biomaterials. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:1515-23. [PMID: 26369634 PMCID: PMC4791216 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound elastography (UE) has been widely used as a "digital palpation" tool to characterize tissue mechanical properties in the clinic. UE benefits from the capability of noninvasively generating 2-D elasticity encoded maps. This spatial distribution of elasticity can be especially useful in the in vivo assessment of tissue engineering scaffolds and implantable drug delivery platforms. However, the detection limitations have not been fully characterized and thus its true potential has not been completely discovered. Characterization studies have focused primarily on the range of moduli corresponding to soft tissues, 20-600 kPa. However, polymeric biomaterials used in biomedical applications such as tissue scaffolds, stents, and implantable drug delivery devices can be much stiffer. In order to explore UE's potential to assess mechanical properties of biomaterials in a broader range of applications, this work investigated the detection limit of UE strain imaging beyond soft tissue range. To determine the detection limit, measurements using standard mechanical testing and UE on the same polydimethylsiloxane samples were compared and statistically evaluated. The broadest detection range found based on the current optimized setup is between 47 kPa and 4 MPa which exceeds the modulus of normal soft tissue suggesting the possibility of using this technique for stiffer materials' mechanical characterization. The detectable difference was found to be as low as 157 kPa depending on sample stiffness and experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Monika Goss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Christopher Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Joseph M. Mansour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Agata Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106
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42
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Wang K, Bruce A, Mezan R, Kadiyala A, Wang L, Dawson J, Rojanasakul Y, Yang Y. Nanotopographical Modulation of Cell Function through Nuclear Deformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5082-92. [PMID: 26844365 PMCID: PMC4804753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell behavior, it is unclear how the nanotopographical cue, through focal adhesions, affects the nucleus, eventually influencing cell phenotype and function. Thus, current methods to apply nanotopography to regulate cell behavior are basically empirical. We, herein, engineered nanotopographies of various shapes (gratings and pillars) and dimensions (feature size, spacing and height), and thoroughly investigated cell spreading, focal adhesion organization and nuclear deformation of human primary fibroblasts as the model cell grown on the nanotopographies. We examined the correlation between nuclear deformation and cell functions such as cell proliferation, transfection and extracellular matrix protein type I collagen production. It was found that the nanoscale gratings and pillars could facilitate focal adhesion elongation by providing anchoring sites, and the nanogratings could orient focal adhesions and nuclei along the nanograting direction, depending on not only the feature size but also the spacing of the nanogratings. Compared with continuous nanogratings, discrete nanopillars tended to disrupt the formation and growth of focal adhesions and thus had less profound effects on nuclear deformation. Notably, nuclear volume could be effectively modulated by the height of nanotopography. Further, we demonstrated that cell proliferation, transfection, and type I collagen production were strongly associated with the nuclear volume, indicating that the nucleus serves as a critical mechanosensor for cell regulation. Our study delineated the relationships between focal adhesions, nucleus and cell function and highlighted that the nanotopography could regulate cell phenotype and function by modulating nuclear deformation. This study provides insight into the rational design of nanotopography for new biomaterials and the cell-substrate interfaces of implants and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Allison Bruce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ryan Mezan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Anand Kadiyala
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Liying Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Corresponding Author Y. Yang.
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43
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Chaudhuri O, Gu L, Klumpers D, Darnell M, Bencherif SA, Weaver JC, Huebsch N, Lee HP, Lippens E, Duda GN, Mooney DJ. Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:326-34. [PMID: 26618884 PMCID: PMC4767627 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1392] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) are viscoelastic and exhibit stress relaxation. However, hydrogels used as synthetic ECMs for three-dimensional (3D) culture are typically elastic. Here, we report a materials approach to tune the rate of stress relaxation of hydrogels for 3D culture, independently of the hydrogel's initial elastic modulus, degradation, and cell-adhesion-ligand density. We find that cell spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are all enhanced in cells cultured in gels with faster relaxation. Strikingly, MSCs form a mineralized, collagen-1-rich matrix similar to bone in rapidly relaxing hydrogels with an initial elastic modulus of 17 kPa. We also show that the effects of stress relaxation are mediated by adhesion-ligand binding, actomyosin contractility and mechanical clustering of adhesion ligands. Our findings highlight stress relaxation as a key characteristic of cell-ECM interactions and as an important design parameter of biomaterials for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovijit Chaudhuri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luo Gu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Darinka Klumpers
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
- Dept. Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Darnell
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - James C. Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco
| | - Hong-pyo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evi Lippens
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin
| | - David J. Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
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44
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Modulating the Substrate Stiffness to Manipulate Differentiation of Resident Liver Stem Cells and to Improve the Differentiation State of Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5481493. [PMID: 27057172 PMCID: PMC4737459 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5481493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cell types, several cellular processes, such as differentiation of stem/precursor cells, maintenance of differentiated phenotype, motility, adhesion, growth, and survival, strictly depend on the stiffness of extracellular matrix that, in vivo, characterizes their correspondent organ and tissue. In the liver, the stromal rigidity is essential to obtain the correct organ physiology whereas any alteration causes liver cell dysfunctions. The rigidity of the substrate is an element no longer negligible for the cultivation of several cell types, so that many data so far obtained, where cells have been cultured on plastic, could be revised. Regarding liver cells, standard culture conditions lead to the dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes, transdifferentiation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts, and loss of fenestration of sinusoidal endothelium. Furthermore, standard cultivation of liver stem/precursor cells impedes an efficient execution of the epithelial/hepatocyte differentiation program, leading to the expansion of a cell population expressing only partially liver functions and products. Overcoming these limitations is mandatory for any approach of liver tissue engineering. Here we propose cell lines as in vitro models of liver stem cells and hepatocytes and an innovative culture method that takes into account the substrate stiffness to obtain, respectively, a rapid and efficient differentiation process and the maintenance of the fully differentiated phenotype.
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45
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Garg P, Pandey S, Kim HN, Seonwoo H, Park S, Choi KS, Jang KJ, Hyun H, Choung PH, Kim J, Chung JH. Synergistic effects of hyperosmotic polymannitol based non-viral vectors and nanotopographical cues for enhanced gene delivery. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synergistic effects of hyperosmotic and nanotopographical cues designed using non-viral vectors and nanopatterned matrices for gene delivery.
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46
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Aisha M, Nor-Ashikin M, Sharaniza A, Nawawi H, Froemming G. Orbital fluid shear stress promotes osteoblast metabolism, proliferation and alkaline phosphates activity in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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MicroRNA delivery for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:108-22. [PMID: 26024978 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) directs post-transcriptional regulation of a network of genes by targeting mRNA. Although relatively recent in development, many miRNAs direct differentiation of various stem cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a major player in regenerative medicine. An effective and safe delivery of miRNA holds the key to translating miRNA technologies. Both viral and nonviral delivery systems have seen success in miRNA delivery, and each approach possesses advantages and disadvantages. A number of studies have demonstrated success in augmenting osteogenesis, improving cardiogenesis, and reducing fibrosis among many other tissue engineering applications. A scaffold-based approach with the possibility of local and sustained delivery of miRNA is particularly attractive since the physical cues provided by the scaffold may synergize with the biochemical cues induced by miRNA therapy. Herein, we first briefly cover the application of miRNA to direct stem cell fate via replacement and inhibition therapies, followed by the discussion of the promising viral and nonviral delivery systems. Next we present the unique advantages of a scaffold-based delivery in achieving lineage-specific differentiation and tissue development.
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48
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Huang C, Ozdemir T, Xu LC, Butler PJ, Siedlecki CA, Brown JL, Zhang S. The role of substrate topography on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:488-95. [PMID: 25939598 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improving targeting efficacy has been a central focus of the studies on nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery nanocarriers over the past decades. As cells actively sense and respond to the local physical environments, not only the NP design (e.g., size, shape, ligand density, etc.) but also the cell mechanics (e.g., stiffness, spreading, expressed receptors, etc.) affect the cellular uptake efficiency. While much work has been done to elucidate the roles of NP design for cells seeded on a flat tissue culture surface, how the local physical environments of cells mediate uptake of NPs remains unexplored, despite the widely known effect of local physical environments on cellular responses in vitro and disease states in vivo. Here, we report the active responses of human osteosarcoma cells to fibrous substrate topographies and the subsequent changes in the cellular uptake of NPs. Our experiments demonstrate that surface topography modulates cellular uptake efficacy by mediating cell spreading and membrane mechanics. The findings provide a concrete example of the regulative role of the physical environments of cells on cellular uptake of NPs, therefore advancing the rational design of NPs for enhanced drug delivery in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| | - Peter J Butler
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
| | - Justin L Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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49
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Anselmo AC, Zhang M, Kumar S, Vogus DR, Menegatti S, Helgeson ME, Mitragotri S. Elasticity of nanoparticles influences their blood circulation, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and targeting. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3169-77. [PMID: 25715979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The impact of physical and chemical modifications of nanoparticles on their biological function has been systemically investigated and exploited to improve their circulation and targeting. However, the impact of nanoparticles' flexibility (i.e., elastic modulus) on their function has been explored to a far lesser extent, and the potential benefits of tuning nanoparticle elasticity are not clear. Here, we describe a method to synthesize polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel nanoparticles of uniform size (200 nm) with elastic moduli ranging from 0.255 to 3000 kPa. These particles are used to investigate the role of particle elasticity on key functions including blood circulation time, biodistribution, antibody-mediated targeting, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. Our results demonstrate that softer nanoparticles (10 kPa) offer enhanced circulation and subsequently enhanced targeting compared to harder nanoparticles (3000 kPa) in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro experiments show that softer nanoparticles exhibit significantly reduced cellular uptake in immune cells (J774 macrophages), endothelial cells (bEnd.3), and cancer cells (4T1). Tuning nanoparticle elasticity potentially offers a method to improve the biological fate of nanoparticles by offering enhanced circulation, reduced immune system uptake, and improved targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Douglas R Vogus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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50
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Green DW, Kim EJ, Jung HS. Spontaneous gene transfection of human bone cells using 3D mineralized alginate-chitosan macrocapsules. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2855-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Green
- Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology; Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology; Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Korea
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