1
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Heng W, Weihua L, Bachagha K. Review on design strategies and applications of flexible cellulose‑carbon nanotube functional composites. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121306. [PMID: 37739536 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Combining the excellent biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility of cellulose with the outstanding electrical, mechanical, optical and stability properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose-CNT composites have been extensively studied and applied to many flexible functional materials. In this review, we present advances in structural design strategies and various applications of cellulose-CNT composites. Firstly, the structural characteristics and corresponding treatments of cellulose and CNTs are analyzed, as are the potential interactions between the two to facilitate the formation of cellulose-CNT composites. Then, the design strategies and processing techniques of cellulose-CNT composites are discussed from the perspectives of cellulose fibers at the macroscopic scale (natural cotton, hemp, and other fibers; recycled cellulose fibers); nanocellulose at the micron scale (nanofibers, nanocrystals, etc.); and macromolecular chains at the molecular scale (cellulose solutions). Further, the applications of cellulose-CNT composites in various fields, such as flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, strain and humidity sensors, electrothermal devices, magnetic shielding, and photothermal conversion, are introduced. This review will help readers understand the design strategies of cellulose-CNT composites and develop potential high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Heng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Weihua
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kareem Bachagha
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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2
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Yu Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhao C, Liu W, Wang S, Ding F, Zhang J. Determine the Complete Configuration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by One Photograph of Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206403. [PMID: 36965155 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing a convenient method to determine the complete structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is important to achieve the fully controlled growth of this nanomaterial. However, approaches that can identify handedness at the atomic level with simple equipment, operation, and data analysis are still lacking. Here, the SWNTs/graphene (Gr) vertical heterostructures are artificially constructed with aligned interfaces to realize the lattice interpretation of SWNT upper and lower walls separately by only one transmission electron microscopy image, thus transforming the 3D handedness information to projected 2D space. Gr displays prominent out-of-plane deformation at the interface, promoting the energetic advantage for the aligned interface construction. The interfacial alignment between the SWNT and Gr shows no obvious dependence on either the helical angle or diameter of SWNTs. The half-wrapping of SWNTs by deformed Gr also triggers diversified alterations in electronic structures based on theoretical calculations. 27 specimens with SWNTs prepared by two disparate methods are examined, implying equal handedness distribution in the randomly aligned SWNTs grown on quartz and potential handedness enrichment in horizontal SWNT arrays grown on a-sapphire. This work provides a simple strategy for chiral discrimination and lays a characterization foundation for handedness-selective growth of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan, National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Shouheng Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan, National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan, National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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3
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Direct assessment of confinement effect in zeolite-encapsulated subnanometric metal species. Nat Commun 2022; 13:821. [PMID: 35145095 PMCID: PMC8831493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subnanometric metal species confined inside the microporous channels/cavities of zeolites have been demonstrated as stable and efficient catalysts. The confinement interaction between the metal species and zeolite framework has been proposed to play the key role for stabilization, though the confinement interaction is elusive to be identified and measured. By combining theoretical calculations, imaging simulation and experimental measurements based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy-integrated differential phase contrast imaging technique, we have studied the location and coordination environment of isolated iridium atoms and clusters confined in zeolite. The image analysis results indicate that the local strain is intimately related to the strength of metal-zeolite interaction and a good correlation is found between the zeolite deformation energy, the charge state of the iridium species and the local absolute strain. The direct observation of confinement with subnanometric metal species encapsulated in zeolites provides insights to understand their structural features and catalytic consequences. Zeolite-encapsulated metal nanoparticles have important catalytic properties, but their effect on the zeolite local structure has been difficult to characterize. Here the authors, using DFT calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy, characterize the local strain due to confinement effects in metal-zeolite catalysts.
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4
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He M, Zhang S, Zhang J. Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Controlled Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12592-12684. [PMID: 33064453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emerge as a promising material to advance carbon nanoelectronics. However, synthesizing or assembling pure metallic/semiconducting SWNTs required for interconnects/integrated circuits, respectively, by a conventional chemical vapor deposition method or by an assembly technique remains challenging. Recent studies have shown significant scientific breakthroughs in controlled SWNT synthesis/assembly and applications in scaled field effect transistors, which are a critical component in functional nanodevices, thereby rendering the horizontal SWNT array an important candidate for innovating nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the controlled synthesis, surface assembly, characterization techniques, and potential applications of horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This review begins with the discussion of synthesis of horizontally aligned SWNTs with regulated direction, density, structure, and theoretical models applied to understand the growth results. Several traditional procedures applied for assembling SWNTs on target surface are also briefly discussed. It then discusses the techniques adopted to characterize SWNTs, ranging from electron/probe microscopy to various optical spectroscopy methods. Prototype applications based on the horizontally aligned SWNTs, such as interconnects, field effect transistors, integrated circuits, and even computers, are subsequently described. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and a brief outlook of the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Saveljev V, Kim J, Son JY, Kim Y, Heo G. Static moiré patterns in moving grids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14414. [PMID: 32879372 PMCID: PMC7468115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an optical phenomenon of unmovable moiré patterns in sliding (moving) grids and gratings. The phenomenon was observed visually in the planar straight movement of the black-and-white gratings with a period of several mm. This is a velocity-independent effect confirmed analytically and in a computer simulation based on the spatial averaging. We found the static directions of the moiré patterns in the regular grids, but our technique can be also applied to other objects. The orientation and period of the static moiré patterns are not obvious, especially in the presence of the distance effect. The phenomenon can be practically used in security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Saveljev
- Public Safety Research Center, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do, 32992, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaisoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Young Son
- Public Safety Research Center, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do, 32992, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsuk Kim
- Public Safety Research Center, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do, 32992, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical IT Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghee Heo
- Public Safety Research Center, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do, 32992, Republic of Korea.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do, 32992, Republic of Korea
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6
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7
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Mustonen K, Hussain A, Hofer C, Monazam MRA, Mirzayev R, Elibol K, Laiho P, Mangler C, Jiang H, Susi T, Kauppinen EI, Kotakoski J, Meyer JC. Atomic-Scale Deformations at the Interface of a Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8512-8519. [PMID: 30016070 PMCID: PMC6117744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly due to chemical interactions is the basis of bottom-up nanofabrication, whereas weaker intermolecular forces dominate on the scale of macromolecules. Recent advances in synthesis and characterization have brought increasing attention to two- and mixed-dimensional heterostructures, and it has been recognized that van der Waals (vdW) forces within the structure may have a significant impact on their morphology. Here, we suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on graphene to create a model system for the study of a 1D-2D molecular interface through atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. When brought into contact, the radial deformation of SWCNTs and the emergence of long-range linear grooves in graphene revealed by the three-dimensional reconstruction of the heterostructure are observed. These topographic features are strain-correlated but show no sensitivity to carbon nanotube helicity, electronic structure, or stacking order. Finally, despite the random deposition of the nanotubes, we show that the competition between strain and vdW forces results in aligned carbon-carbon interfaces spanning hundreds of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Mustonen
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aqeel Hussain
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christoph Hofer
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rasim Mirzayev
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenan Elibol
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Clemens Mangler
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hua Jiang
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Toma Susi
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jannik C. Meyer
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Shen Y, Xu T, Tan X, He L, Yin K, Wan N, Sun L. In Situ Repair of 2D Chalcogenides under Electron Beam Irradiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705954. [PMID: 29450913 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) and bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3 ) are the two most common types of structures adopted by 2D chalcogenides. In view of their unique physical properties and structure, 2D chalcogenides have potential applications in various fields. However, the excellent properties of these 2D crystals depend critically on their crystal structures, where defects, cracks, holes, or even greater damage can be inevitably introduced during the preparation and transferring processes. Such defects adversely impact the performance of devices made from 2D chalcogenides and, hence, it is important to develop ways to intuitively and precisely repair these 2D crystals on the atomic scale, so as to realize high-reliability devices from these structures. Here, an in situ study of the repair of the nanopores in MoS2 and Bi2 Te3 is carried out under electron beam irradiation by transmission electron microscopy. The experimental conditions allow visualization of the structural dynamics of MoS2 and Bi2 Te3 crystals with unprecedented resolution. Real-time observation of the healing of defects at atomic resolution can potentially help to reproducibly fabricate and simultaneously image single-crystalline free-standing 2D chalcogenides. Thus, these findings demonstrate the viability of using an electron beam as an effective tool to precisely engineer materials to suit desired applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shen
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Longbing He
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kuibo Yin
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Neng Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, Southeast University and Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou, 213100, P. R. China
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9
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Schirowski M, Abellán G, Nuin E, Pampel J, Dolle C, Wedler V, Fellinger TP, Spiecker E, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Fundamental Insights into the Reductive Covalent Cross-Linking of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3352-3360. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Schirowski
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Edurne Nuin
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Pampel
- Fraunhofer Institute IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Dolle
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vincent Wedler
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- University of Applied Science Zittau/Görlitz, Theodor-Körner Allee 16, 02763 Zittau, Germany
- Department of Technical Electrochemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
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10
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Tinoco M, Maduro L, Masaki M, Okunishi E, Conesa-Boj S. Strain-Dependent Edge Structures in MoS 2 Layers. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7021-7026. [PMID: 29064254 PMCID: PMC5695858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Edge structures are low-dimensional defects unavoidable in layered materials of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) family. Among the various types of such structures, the armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) edge types are the most common. It has been predicted that the presence of intrinsic strain localized along these edges structures can have direct implications for the customization of their electronic properties. However, pinning down the relation between local structure and electronic properties at these edges is challenging. Here, we quantify the local strain field that arises at the edges of MoS2 flakes by combining aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the geometrical-phase analysis (GPA) method. We also provide further insight on the possible effects of such edge strain on the resulting electronic behavior by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements. Our results reveal that the two-dominant edge structures, ZZ and AC, induce the formation of different amounts of localized strain fields. We also show that by varying the free edge curvature from concave to convex, compressive strain turns into tensile strain. These results pave the way toward the customization of edge structures in MoS2, which can be used to engineer the properties of layered materials and thus contribute to the optimization of the next generation of atomic-scale electronic devices built upon them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tinoco
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Maduro
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mukai Masaki
- JEOL
Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Okunishi
- JEOL
Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Sonia Conesa-Boj
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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11
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Susi T, Meyer JC, Kotakoski J. Manipulating low-dimensional materials down to the level of single atoms with electron irradiation. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 180:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Wang S, Li H, Zhang J, Guo S, Xu W, Grossman JC, Warner JH. Epitaxial Templating of Two-Dimensional Metal Chloride Nanocrystals on Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6404-6415. [PMID: 28605178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of ionic metal chloride (CuCl) two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals epitaxially templated on the surface of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). These 2D CuCl nanocrystals are single atomic planes from a nonlayered bulk CuCl structure. They are stabilized as a 2D monolayer on the surface of the MoS2 through interactions with the uniform periodic surface of the MoS2. The heterostructure 2D system is studied at the atomic level using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy at 80 kV. Dynamics of discrete rotations of the CuCl nanocrystals are observed, maintaining two types of preferential alignments to the MoS2 lattice, confirming that the strong interlayer interactions drive the stable CuCl structure. Strain maps are produced from displacement maps and used to track real-time variations of local atomic bonding and defect production. Density functional theory calculations interpret the formation of two types of energetically advantageous commensurate superlattices via strong chemical bonds at interfaces and predict their corresponding electronic structures. These results show how vertical heterostructured 2D nanoscale systems can be formed beyond the simple assembly of preformed layered materials and provide indications about how different 2D components and their interfacial coupling mode could influence the overall property of the heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Huashan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Measurement, Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Measurement, Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wenshuo Xu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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13
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Ghedjatti A, Magnin Y, Fossard F, Wang G, Amara H, Flahaut E, Lauret JS, Loiseau A. Structural Properties of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Mechanical Interlayer Coupling. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4840-4847. [PMID: 28448120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural identification of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) is presented through a robust procedure based on the latest generation of transmission electron microscope, making possible a statistical analysis based on numerous nano-objects. This approach reveals that inner and outer tubes of DWNTs are not randomly oriented, suggesting the existence of a mechanical coupling between the two concentric walls. With the support of atomic-scale modeling, we attribute it to the presence of incommensurate domains whose structures depend on the diameters and helicities of both tubes and where inner tubes try to achieve a local stacking orientation to reduce strain effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghedjatti
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Yann Magnin
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fossard
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Wang
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), CNRS UMR 5085, Université Paul-Sabatier , 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
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14
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Park SM, Aalipour A, Vermesh O, Yu JH, Gambhir SS. Towards clinically translatable in vivo nanodiagnostics. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2017; 2:17014. [PMID: 29876137 PMCID: PMC5985817 DOI: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiagnostics as a field makes use of fundamental advances in nanobiotechnology to diagnose, characterize and manage disease at the molecular scale. As these strategies move closer to routine clinical use, a proper understanding of different imaging modalities, relevant biological systems and physical properties governing nanoscale interactions is necessary to rationally engineer next-generation bionanomaterials. In this Review, we analyse the background physics of several clinically relevant imaging modalities and their associated sensitivity and specificity, provide an overview of the materials currently used for in vivo nanodiagnostics, and assess the progress made towards clinical translation. This work provides a framework for understanding both the impressive progress made thus far in the nanodiagnostics field as well as presenting challenges that must be overcome to obtain widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Park
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jung Ho Yu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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15
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Miao J, Ercius P, Billinge SJL. Atomic electron tomography: 3D structures without crystals. Science 2016; 353:353/6306/aaf2157. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Wang S, Lee GD, Lee S, Yoon E, Warner JH. Detailed Atomic Reconstruction of Extended Line Defects in Monolayer MoS2. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5419-5430. [PMID: 27159415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the detailed bond reconstructions that occur in S vacancies within monolayer MoS2 using a combination of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and multislice image simulations. Removal of a single S atom causes little perturbation to the surrounding MoS2 lattice, whereas the loss of two S atoms from the same atomic column causes a measurable local contraction. Aggregation of S vacancies into linear line defects along the zigzag direction results in larger lattice compression that is more pronounced as the length of the line defect increases. For the case of two rows of S line vacancies, we find two different types of S atom reconstructions with different amounts of lattice compression. Increasing the width of line defects leads to nanoscale regions of reconstructed MoS2 that are shown by DFT to behave as metallic channels. These results provide important insights into how defect structures could be used for creating metallic tracks within semiconducting monolayer MoS2 films for future applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Gun-Do Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , 151-742 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , 151-742 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euijoon Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , 151-742 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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17
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Kim J, Lee J, Son D, Choi MK, Kim DH. Deformable devices with integrated functional nanomaterials for wearable electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:4. [PMID: 28191414 PMCID: PMC5271140 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the market and related industry for wearable electronics dramatically expands, there are continuous and strong demands for flexible and stretchable devices to be seamlessly integrated with soft and curvilinear human skin or clothes. However, the mechanical mismatch between the rigid conventional electronics and the soft human body causes many problems. Therefore, various prospective nanomaterials that possess a much lower flexural rigidity than their bulk counterparts have rapidly established themselves as promising electronic materials replacing rigid silicon and/or compound semiconductors in next-generation wearable devices. Many hybrid structures of multiple nanomaterials have been also developed to pursue both high performance and multifunctionality. Here, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art wearable devices based on one- or two-dimensional nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, single-crystal silicon and oxide nanomembranes, organic nanomaterials and their hybrids) in combination with zero-dimensional functional nanomaterials (e.g., metal/oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots). Starting from an introduction of materials strategies, we describe device designs and the roles of individual ones in integrated systems. Detailed application examples of wearable sensors/actuators, memories, energy devices, and displays are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
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18
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Xu R, Chen CC, Wu L, Scott MC, Theis W, Ophus C, Bartels M, Yang Y, Ramezani-Dakhel H, Sawaya MR, Heinz H, Marks LD, Ercius P, Miao J. Three-dimensional coordinates of individual atoms in materials revealed by electron tomography. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1099-103. [PMID: 26390325 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Crystallography, the primary method for determining the 3D atomic positions in crystals, has been fundamental to the development of many fields of science. However, the atomic positions obtained from crystallography represent a global average of many unit cells in a crystal. Here, we report, for the first time, the determination of the 3D coordinates of thousands of individual atoms and a point defect in a material by electron tomography with a precision of ∼19 pm, where the crystallinity of the material is not assumed. From the coordinates of these individual atoms, we measure the atomic displacement field and the full strain tensor with a 3D resolution of ∼1 nm(3) and a precision of ∼10(-3), which are further verified by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The ability to precisely localize the 3D coordinates of individual atoms in materials without assuming crystallinity is expected to find important applications in materials science, nanoscience, physics, chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chien-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M C Scott
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Theis
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matthias Bartels
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Michael R Sawaya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Laurence D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics &Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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19
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Dryden DM, Hopkins JC, Denoyer LK, Poudel L, Steinmetz NF, Ching WY, Podgornik R, Parsegian A, French RH. van der Waals Interactions on the Mesoscale: Open-Science Implementation, Anisotropy, Retardation, and Solvent Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10145-10153. [PMID: 25815562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of heterogeneous mesoscale systems is mediated by long-range interactions, including van der Waals forces. Diverse mesoscale architectures, built of optically and morphologically anisotropic elements such as DNA, collagen, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and inorganic materials, require a tool to calculate the forces, torques, interaction energies, and Hamaker coefficients that govern assembly in such systems. The mesoscale Lifshitz theory of van der Waals interactions can accurately describe solvent and temperature effects, retardation, and optically and morphologically anisotropic materials for cylindrical and planar interaction geometries. The Gecko Hamaker open-science software implementation of this theory enables new and sophisticated insights into the properties of important organic/inorganic systems: interactions show an extended range of magnitudes and retardation rates, DNA interactions show an imprint of base pair composition, certain SWCNT interactions display retardation-dependent nonmonotonicity, and interactions are mapped across a range of material systems in order to facilitate rational mesoscale design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin K Denoyer
- Deconvolution and Entropy Consulting, 755 Snyder Hill, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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20
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Ke X, Bittencourt C, Van Tendeloo G. Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1541-57. [PMID: 26425406 PMCID: PMC4578338 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A major revolution for electron microscopy in the past decade is the introduction of aberration correction, which enables one to increase both the spatial resolution and the energy resolution to the optical limit. Aberration correction has contributed significantly to the imaging at low operating voltages. This is crucial for carbon-based nanomaterials which are sensitive to electron irradiation. The research of carbon nanomaterials and nanohybrids, in particular the fundamental understanding of defects and interfaces, can now be carried out in unprecedented detail by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM). This review discusses new possibilities and limits of AC-TEM at low voltage, including the structural imaging at atomic resolution, in three dimensions and spectroscopic investigation of chemistry and bonding. In situ TEM of carbon-based nanomaterials is discussed and illustrated through recent reports with particular emphasis on the underlying physics of interactions between electrons and carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Ke
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chemistry of Interaction Plasma Surface (ChiPS), University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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21
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Brown JJ, Muoth M, Hierold C, Bright VM. Electron diffraction of an in situ strained double-walled carbon nanotube. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:766-770. [PMID: 25472713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The strain-induced change in a carbon-nanotube diffraction pattern is found after applying strain, using a microelectromechanical tensile stage, to the outer shell of a double-walled carbon nanotube, while the inner shell provides an unstrained reference pattern. The nanotube is found to have chirality (63,21)@(65,32) with 16-20° tilt and strain up to 1% in the outer shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0427, USA
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22
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Lee GD, Yoon E, He K, Robertson AW, Warner JH. Detailed formation processes of stable dislocations in graphene. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14836-14844. [PMID: 25361476 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use time-dependent HRTEM to reveal that stable dislocation pairs in graphene are formed from an initial complex multi-vacancy cluster that undergoes multiple bond rotations and adatom incorporation. In the process, it is found that the transformation from the formed complex multi-vacancy cluster can proceed without the increase of vacancy because many atoms and dimers are not only evaporated but also actively adsorbed. In tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations, it is confirmed that adatoms play an important role in the reconstruction of non-hexagonal rings into hexagonal rings. From density functional theory calculations, it is also found from simulations that there is a favorable distance between two dislocations pointing away from each other (i.e. formed from atom loss). For dislocation pairs pointing away from each other, the hillock-basin structure is more stable than the hillock-hillock structure for dislocation pairs pointing away from each other (i.e. formed from atom loss).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Do Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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23
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Rasool HI, Ophus C, Zhang Z, Crommie MF, Yakobson BI, Zettl A. Conserved atomic bonding sequences and strain organization of graphene grain boundaries. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:7057-7063. [PMID: 25375022 DOI: 10.1021/nl503450r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bulk properties of polycrystalline materials are directly influenced by the atomic structure at the grain boundaries that join neighboring crystallites. In this work, we show that graphene grain boundaries are comprised of structural building blocks of conserved atomic bonding sequences using aberration corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These sequences appear as stretches of identically arranged periodic or aperiodic regions of dislocations. Atomic scale strain and lattice rotation of these interfaces is derived by mapping the exact positions of every carbon atom at the boundary with ultrahigh precision. Strain fields are organized into local tensile and compressive dipoles in both periodic and aperiodic dislocation regions. Using molecular dynamics tension simulations, we find that experimental grain boundary structures maintain strengths that are comparable to idealized periodic boundaries despite the presence of local aperiodic dislocation sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider I Rasool
- Department of Physics and Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS), University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Rossi M, Cubadda F, Dini L, Terranova M, Aureli F, Sorbo A, Passeri D. Scientific basis of nanotechnology, implications for the food sector and future trends. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Zhao Q, Zhang J. Characterizing the chiral index of a single-walled carbon nanotube. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4586-4605. [PMID: 25330979 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) mainly depend on their geometry. However, there are still formidable difficulties to determine the chirality of SWCNTs accurately. In this review, some efficient methods to characterize the chiral indices of SWCNTs are illuminated. These methods are divided into imaging techniques and spectroscopy techniques. With these methods, diameter, helix angle, and energy states can be measured. Generally speaking, imaging techniques have a higher accuracy and universality, but are time-consuming with regard to the sample preparation and characterization. The spectroscopy techniques are very simple and fast in operation, but these techniques can be applied only to the particular structure of the sample. Here, the principles and operations of each method are introduced, and a comprehensive understanding of each technique, including their advantages and disadvantages, is given. Advanced applications of some methods are also discussed. The aim of this review is to help readers to choose methods with the appropriate accuracy and time complexity and, furthermore, to put forward an idea to find new methods for chirality characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural, Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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26
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Warner JH, Lee GD, He K, Robertson AW, Yoon E, Kirkland AI. Bond length and charge density variations within extended arm chair defects in graphene. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9860-9866. [PMID: 24148018 DOI: 10.1021/nn403517m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extended linear arm chair defects are intentionally fabricated in suspended monolayer graphene using controlled focused electron beam irradiation. The atomic structure is accurately determined using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy with monochromation of the electron source to achieve ∼80 pm spatial resolution at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. We show that the introduction of atomic vacancies in graphene disrupts the uniformity of C-C bond lengths immediately surrounding linear arm chair defects in graphene. The measured changes in C-C bond lengths are related to density functional theory (DFT) calculations of charge density variation and corresponding DFT calculated structural models. We show good correlation between the DFT predicted localized charge depletion and structural models with HRTEM measured bond elongation within the carbon tetragon structure of graphene. Further evidence of bond elongation within graphene defects is obtained from imaging a pair of 5-8-5 divacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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27
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Liu M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Xie L, Zhang J. Chiral structure determination of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on graphite surface. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5666-5671. [PMID: 24147753 DOI: 10.1021/nl403336x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral structure determination of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), including its handedness and chiral index (n,m), has been regarded as an intractable issue for both fundamental research and practical application. For a given SWNT, the n and m values can be conveniently deduced if an arbitrary two of its three crucial structural parameters, that is, diameter d, chiral angle θ, and electron transition energy E(ii), are obtained. Here, we have demonstrated a novel approach to derive the (n,m) indices from the θ, d, and E(ii) of SWNTs. Handedness and θ were quickly measured based on the chirality-dependent alignment of SWNTs on graphite surface. By combining their measured d and E(ii), (n,m) indices of SWNTs can be independently and uniquely identified from the (θ,d) or (θ,E(ii)) plots, respectively. This approach offers intense practical merits of high-efficiency, low-cost, and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Allen CS, Robertson AW, Kirkland AI, Warner JH. The identification of inner tube defects in double-wall carbon nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3810-3815. [PMID: 22961712 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The precise atomic structure and relative atomic conformation of the individual carbon nanotubes comprising a double wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) is determined. The DWCNTs are imaged using an aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) operating at 80 kV. Using processing in Fourier space images of the inner and outer tube of a double-wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) are analysed. Comparisons of these results with simulated HRTEM images enable the chiral indices and relative atomic correlation of the component tubes of non-commensurate DWCNTs to be determined. This technique is used to reveal the presence of a defect in the inner tube of a (6, 6)@(18, 2) DWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Allen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK.
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29
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Ortolani L, Cadelano E, Veronese GP, Boschi CDE, Snoeck E, Colombo L, Morandi V. Folded graphene membranes: mapping curvature at the nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5207-5212. [PMID: 22985333 DOI: 10.1021/nl3023737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While the unique elastic properties of monolayer graphene have been extensively investigated, less knowledge has been developed so far on folded graphene. Nevertheless, it has been recently suggested that fold-induced curvature (without in-plane strain) could possibly affect the local chemical and electron transport properties of graphene, envisaging a material-by-design approach where tailored membranes are used in enhanced nanoresonators or nanoelectromechanical devices. In this work we propose a novel method combining apparent strain analysis from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) images and theoretical modeling based on continuum elasticity theory and tight-binding atomistic simulations to map and measure the nanoscale curvature of graphene folds and wrinkles. If enough contrast and resolution in HREM images are obtained, this method can be successfully applied to provide a complete nanoscale geometrical and physical picture of 3D structure of various wrinkle and fold configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ortolani
- CNR IMM-Bologna, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Scarselli M, Castrucci P, De Crescenzi M. Electronic and optoelectronic nano-devices based on carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:313202. [PMID: 22782032 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/31/313202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and understanding of nanoscale phenomena and the assembly of nanostructures into different devices are among the most promising fields of material science research. In this scenario, carbon nanostructures have a special role since, in having only one chemical element, they allow physical properties to be calculated with high precision for comparison with experiment. Carbon nanostructures, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in particular, have such remarkable electronic and structural properties that they are used as active building blocks for a large variety of nanoscale devices. We review here the latest advances in research involving carbon nanotubes as active components in electronic and optoelectronic nano-devices. Opportunities for future research are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scarselli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
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31
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Warner JH, Margine ER, Mukai M, Robertson AW, Giustino F, Kirkland AI. Dislocation-Driven Deformations in Graphene. Science 2012; 337:209-12. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1217529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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