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Hao X, Li Y, Zhang T, Niu M, Yang H, Qiao J, Grazioli C, Guarnaccio A, Liu L, Zhang Q, Puglia C, Wang Y. Exploring the characteristic "plug-in" configuration of an adsorbed starburst molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:24151-24156. [PMID: 39254083 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption of starburst molecules (C57H48N4, SBM) deposited on Au(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). SBM molecules selectively adsorb on the face-centered-cubic regions of Au(111) in quasi one-dimensional chains. Compared with the SBM structure on hBN/Rh(111), the assembly structure of SBM on Au(111) can be clearly confirmed to be molecular chains in the "plug-in" configuration. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) revealed that the interaction between SBM molecules and Au(111) induces the modification of the molecular electronic states. The STS mapping further revealed a continuous 1D electronic state concentrated at the center of the SBM molecular chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huixia Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ambra Guarnaccio
- CNR - Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Tito Scalo, Italy
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Quanzhen Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Carla Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
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2
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Du J, Wang X, Sun S, Wu Y, Jiang K, Li S, Lin H. Pushing Trap-Controlled Persistent Luminescence Materials toward Multi-Responsive Smart Platforms: Recent Advances, Mechanism, and Frontier Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314083. [PMID: 39003611 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Smart stimuli-responsive persistent luminescence materials, combining the various advantages and frontier applications prospects, have gained booming progress in recent years. The trap-controlled property and energy storage capability to respond to external multi-stimulations through diverse luminescence pathways make them attractive in emerging multi-responsive smart platforms. This review aims at the recent advances in trap-controlled luminescence materials for advanced multi-stimuli-responsive smart platforms. The design principles, luminescence mechanisms, and representative stimulations, i.e., thermo-, photo-, mechano-, and X-rays responsiveness, are comprehensively summarized. Various emerging multi-responsive hybrid systems containing trap-controlled luminescence materials are highlighted. Specifically, temperature dependent trapping and de-trapping performance is discussed, from extreme-low temperature to ultra-high temperature conditions. Emerging applications and future perspectives are briefly presented. It is hoped that this review would provide new insights and guidelines for the rational design and performance manipulation of multi-responsive materials for advanced smart platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Du
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shan Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Si Li
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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3
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Hao X, Zhang T, Niu M, Han X, Yang H, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Grazioli C, Liu L, Qiao J, Wang Y. Selective Formation of Homochiral Dimers by Intermolecular Charge Transfer on a hBN Nanomesh. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11933-11940. [PMID: 38663413 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive characterization was conducted on a chiral starburst molecule (C57H48N4, SBM) using scanning tunneling microscopy. When adsorbed onto the hBN/Rh(111) nanomesh, these molecules demonstrate homochiral recognition, leading to a selective formation of homochiral dimers. Further tip manipulation experiments reveal that the chiral dimers are stable and primarily controlled by strong intermolecular interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported that the chiral recognition of SBM molecules is governed by the intermolecular charge transfer mechanism, different from the common steric hindrance effect. This study emphasizes the importance of intermolecular charge transfer interactions, offering valuable insights into the chiral recognition of a simple bimolecular system. These findings hold significance for the future advancement in chirality-based electronic sensors and pharmaceuticals, where the chirality of molecules can impact their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanzhen Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics & Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China
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4
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Rajeev K, Vipin CK, Sajeev AK, Shukla A, McGregor SKM, Lo SC, Namdas EB, Narayanan Unni KN. Blue emitting exciplex for yellow and white organic light-emitting diodes. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:46. [PMID: 38095740 PMCID: PMC10721783 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have several desirable features, but their commercialization is hindered by the poor stability of blue light emitters and high production costs due to complicated device structures. Herein, we investigate a standard blue emitting hole transporting material (HTM) N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) and its exciplex emission upon combining with a suitable electron transporting material (ETM), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ). Blue and yellow OLEDs with simple device structures are developed by using a blend layer, NPB:TAZ, as a blue emitter as well as a host for yellow phosphorescent dopant iridium (III) bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate (PO-01). Strategic device design then exploits the ambipolar charge transport properties of tetracene as a spacer layer to connect these blue and yellow emitting units. The tetracene-linked device demonstrates more promising results compared to those using a conventional charge generation layer (CGL). Judicious choice of the spacer prevents exciton diffusion from the blue emitter unit, yet facilitates charge carrier transport to the yellow emitter unit to enable additional exciplex formation. This complementary behavior of the spacer improves the blue emission properties concomitantly yielding reasonable yellow emission. The overall white light emission properties are enhanced, achieving CIE coordinates (0.36, 0.39) and color temperature (4643 K) similar to daylight. Employing intermolecular exciplex emission in OLEDs simplifies the device architecture via its dual functionality as a host and as an emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Rajeev
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C K Vipin
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anjali K Sajeev
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah K M McGregor
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - K N Narayanan Unni
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Liu XY, Chen WK, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations for Photoinduced Processes in Molecules and Semiconductors: Methodologies and Applications. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37984502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics (NAMD) simulations have become powerful tools for elucidating complicated photoinduced processes in various systems from molecules to semiconductor materials. In this review, we present an overview of our recent research on photophysics of molecular systems and periodic semiconductor materials with the aid of ab initio NAMD simulation methods implemented in the generalized trajectory surface-hopping (GTSH) package. Both theoretical backgrounds and applications of the developed NAMD methods are presented in detail. For molecular systems, the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) method is primarily used to model electronic structures in NAMD simulations owing to its balanced efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, the efficient algorithms for calculating nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) and spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) have been coded into the package to increase the simulation efficiency. In combination with various analysis techniques, we can explore the mechanistic details of the photoinduced dynamics of a range of molecular systems, including charge separation and energy transfer processes in organic donor-acceptor structures, ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) processes in transition metal complexes (TMCs), and exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates. For semiconductor materials, we developed the NAMD methods for simulating the photoinduced carrier dynamics within the framework of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT), in which SOC effects are explicitly accounted for using the two-component, noncollinear DFT method. Using this method, we have investigated the photoinduced carrier dynamics at the interface of a variety of van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions, such as two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and perovskites-related systems. Recently, we extended the LR-TDDFT-based NAMD method for semiconductor materials, allowing us to study the excitonic effects in the photoinduced energy transfer process. These results demonstrate that the NAMD simulations are powerful tools for exploring the photodynamics of molecular systems and semiconductor materials. In future studies, the NAMD simulation methods can be employed to elucidate experimental phenomena and reveal microscopic details as well as rationally design novel photofunctional materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
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6
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Lee SH, Kim TJ, Lee E, Kwon D, Kim J, Joo J. Observation of aligned dipoles and angular chromism of exciplexes in organic molecular heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7190. [PMID: 37938244 PMCID: PMC10632441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dipole characteristics of Frenkel excitons and charge-transfer excitons between donor and acceptor molecules in organic heterostructures such as exciplexes are important in organic photonics and optoelectronics. For the bilayer of the organic donor 4,4',4''-tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine and acceptor 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules, the exciplexes form aligned dipoles perpendicular to the Frenkel excitons, as observed in back focal plane photoluminescence images. The angular chromism of exciplexes observed in the 100 meV range indicates possible delocalization and angle-sensing photonic applications. The blue shift of the peak position and increase in the linewidth of photoluminescene spectra with increasing excitation power are caused by the repulsive aligned exciplex dipole moments with a long lifetime (4.65 μs). Electroluminescence spectra of the exciplex from organic light-emitting diodes using the bilayer are blue-shifted with increasing bias, suggesting unidirectional alignment of the exciplex dipole moments. The observation of exciplex dipole moment alignments across molecular interfaces can facilitate the controlled coupling of exciton species and increase efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Joon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsoo Joo
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wang ZA, Xue W, Yan F, Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wei Z, Chang K, Yuan Z, Wang K. Selectively Controlled Ferromagnets by Electric Fields in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Heterojunctions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:710-717. [PMID: 36626837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer plays a key role at the interfaces of heterostructures, which can affect electronic structures and ultimately the physical properties of the materials. However, charge transfer is difficult to manipulate externally once the interface is formed. The recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets with atomically sharp interfaces provided a perfect platform for the electrical control of interfacial charge transfer. Here, we report magnetoresistance experiments revealing electrically tunable charge transfer in Fe3GeTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6/Fe3GeTe2 all-magnetic van der Waals heterostructures, which can be exploited to selectively modify the switching fields of the top or bottom Fe3GeTe2 electrodes. The directional charge transfer from metallic Fe3GeTe2 to semiconducting Cr2Ge2Te6 is revealed by first-principles calculations, which remarkably modifies the magnetic anisotropy energy of Fe3GeTe2, leading to the dramatically suppressed coercivity. The electrically selective control of magnetism demonstrated in this study could stimulate the development of spintronic devices based on van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weishan Xue
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Faguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Wang C, Jing Y, Chen L, Xiong W. Direct Interfacial Charge Transfer in All-Polymer Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8733-8739. [PMID: 36095150 PMCID: PMC9511559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct charge transfer at wet-processed organic/organic heterojunction interfaces is observed using femtosecond interfacial sensitive spectroscopy. UV-vis absorption and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy both indicate that a new interfacial energy gap (∼1.2 eV) exists when an interface is formed between regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline). Resonant pumping at 1.2 eV creates an electric field-induced second-order optical signal, suggesting the existence of a transient electric field due to separated electrons and holes at interfaces, which recombine through a nongeminate process. The fact that direct charge transfer exists at wet-processed organic/organic heterojunctions provides a physical foundation for the previously reported ground-state charge transfer phenomenon. Also, it creates new opportunities to better control charge transfer with preserved momentum and spins at organic material interfaces for spintronic applications.
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Sneyd A, Beljonne D, Rao A. A New Frontier in Exciton Transport: Transient Delocalization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6820-6830. [PMID: 35857739 PMCID: PMC9340810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is crucial to the application of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in light-harvesting devices. While the physics of exciton transport in highly disordered media is well-explored, the description of transport in structurally and energetically ordered OSCs is less established, despite such materials being favorable for devices. In this Perspective we describe and highlight recent research pointing toward a highly efficient exciton transport mechanism which occurs in ordered OSCs, transient delocalization. Here, exciton-phonon couplings play a critical role in allowing localized exciton states to temporarily access higher-energy delocalized states whereupon they move large distances. The mechanism shows great promise for facilitating long-range exciton transport and may allow for improved device efficiencies and new device architectures. However, many fundamental questions on transient delocalization remain to be answered. These questions and suggested next steps are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Sneyd
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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10
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Jiang K, Wang Y, Lin C, Zheng L, Du J, Zhuang Y, Xie R, Li Z, Lin H. Enabling robust and hour-level organic long persistent luminescence from carbon dots by covalent fixation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:80. [PMID: 35351847 PMCID: PMC8964705 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The first carbon dot (CD)-based organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) system exhibiting more than 1 h of duration was developed. In contrast to the established OLPL systems, herein, the reported CDs-based system (named m-CDs@CA) can be facilely and effectively fabricated using a household microwave oven, and more impressively, its LPL can be observed under ambient conditions and even in aqueous media. XRD and TEM characterizations, afterglow decay, time-resolved spectroscopy, and ESR analysis were performed, showing the successful composition of CDs and CA, the formation of exciplexes and long-lived charged-separated states. Further studies suggest that the production of covalent bonds between CA and CDs plays pivotal roles in activating LPL and preventing its quenching from oxygen and water. To the best of our knowledge, this is a very rare example of an OLPL system that exhibits hour-level afterglow under ambient conditions. Finally, applications of m-CDs@CA in glow-in-the-dark paints for emergency signs and multicolored luminous pearls were preliminarily demonstrated. This work may provide new insights for the development of rare-earth-free and robust OLPL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yuci Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cunjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, and College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Licheng Zheng
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaren Du
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Yixi Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, and College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, and College of Materials, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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11
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Jin P, Zhou Z, Wang H, Hao J, Chen R, Wang J, Zhang C. Spin-Enhanced Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Electroluminescence in Copper Acetate-Doped Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2516-2522. [PMID: 35275641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are attractive for next-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of their utilization of nonradiative triplets via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), which requires not only a small singlet-triplet energy splitting but also the conservation of spin angular momentum. Here we use copper acetate as a spin sensitizer to facilitate RISC and thus enhance electroluminescence in TADF-exciplex OLEDs. Copper acetate is involved in the radiative decay process due to its coordination interaction with exciplex molecules having intermolecular charge-transfer characteristics, which causes significant changes in the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime. Meanwhile, magneto-photoluminescence reveals that the addition of copper acetate promotes spin conversion in the RISC process. It allows the enhancement of the electroluminescence (∼80%) from spin-sensitized OLEDs, accompanied by the suppression of magneto-electroluminescence upon the doping of copper acetate. These results illustrate that using a spin sensitizer may overcome the limitation of harvesting nonradiative triplets in organic luminescent materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Zhang T, Wang T, Grazioli C, Guarnaccio A, Brumboiu IE, Johansson FOL, Beranová K, Coreno M, de Simone M, Brena B, Liu L, Wang Y, Puglia C. Evidence of hybridization states at the donor/acceptor interface: case of m-MTDATA/PPT. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:214008. [PMID: 35245912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5aff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We performed a spectroscopic study on them-MTDATA (donor) and PPT (acceptor) molecular vertical heterostructure. The electronic properties of the donor/acceptor interface have been comprehensively characterized by synchrotron radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure. The spectroscopic results reveal the existence of new hybridization states in the original molecular energy gap, likely attributed to the interaction between the donor and the acceptor molecules at the interface. Such hybridized states can have a significant impact on the charge transport in organic electronic devices based on donor-acceptor molecules and can explain the increased efficiency of device using such molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra Guarnaccio
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz) and 34149 Trieste (Ts), Italy
| | - Iulia Emilia Brumboiu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Fredrik O L Johansson
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Klára Beranová
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz) and 34149 Trieste (Ts), Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Brena
- Division of Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Carla Puglia
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Lee CK, Zhong Lau JW, Shi L, Kwek LC. Simulating Energy Transfer in Molecular Systems with Digital Quantum Computers. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1347-1358. [PMID: 35192771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computers have the potential to simulate chemical systems beyond the capability of classical computers. Recent developments in hybrid quantum-classical approaches enable the determinations of the ground or low energy states of molecular systems. Here, we extend near-term quantum simulations of chemistry to time-dependent processes by simulating energy transfer in organic semiconducting molecules. We developed a multiscale modeling workflow that combines conventional molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry simulations with hybrid variational quantum algorithm to compute the exciton dynamics in both the single excitation subspace (i.e., Frenkel Hamiltonian) and the full-Hilbert space (i.e., multiexciton) regimes. Our numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, and simulations on IBM Q devices capture the qualitative behaviors of exciton dynamics, but with considerable errors. We present an error mitigation technique that combines experimental results from the variational and Trotter algorithms, and obtain significantly improved quantum dynamics. Our approach opens up new opportunities for modeling quantum dynamics in chemical, biological, and material systems with quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Kong Lee
- Tencent America, Palo Alto, California 94306, United States
| | | | - Liang Shi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Leong Chuan Kwek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616.,MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore
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14
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Liu Y, Zheng Z, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Ginger DS. Lower limits for non-radiative recombination loss in organic donor/acceptor complexes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:325-333. [PMID: 34842253 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors controlling radiative and non-radiative transition rates for charge transfer states in organic systems is important for applications ranging from organic photovoltaics (OPV) to lasers and LEDs. We explore the role of charge-transfer (CT) energetics, lifetimes, and photovoltaic properties in the limit of very slow non-radiative rates by using a model donor/acceptor system with photoluminescence dominated by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). This blend exhibits an extremely high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY = ∼22%) and comparatively long PL lifetime, while simultaneously yielding appreciable amounts of free charge generation (photocurrent external quantum efficiency EQE of 24%). In solar cells, this blend exhibits non-radiative voltage losses of only ∼0.1 V, among the lowest reported for an organic system. Notably, we find that the non-radiative decay rate, knr, is on the order of 105 s-1, approximately 4-5 orders of magnitude slower than typical OPV blends, thereby confirming that high radiative efficiency and low non-radiative voltage losses are achievable by reducing knr. Furthermore, despite the high radiative efficiency and already comparatively slow knr, we find that knr is nevertheless much faster than predicted by Marcus-Levich-Jortner two-state theory and we conclude that CT-local exciton (LE) hybridization is present. Our findings highlight that it is crucial to evaluate how radiative and non-radiative rates of the LE states individually influence the PLQY of charge-transfer states, rather than solely focusing on the PLQY of the LE. This conclusion will guide material selection in achieving low non-radiative voltage loss in organic solar cells and high luminescence efficiency in organic LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA.
| | - Zilong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA.
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15
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Sung YM, Kwon ES, Maruyama YM, Shin Y, Ihn SG, Kim JS, Choi H, Lee HS, Kim JH, Kim J, Sul S. Probing twisted intramolecular charge transfer of pyrene derivatives as organic emitters in OLEDs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21995-21999. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) plays a critical role in determining the photophysical properties of organic molecules, including their luminescence efficiencies. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is a process in which...
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16
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Chen WK, Sun XW, Fang Q, Liu XY, Cui GL. GW/BSE nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on excited-state relaxation processes of zinc phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads: Roles of bridging chemical bonds. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Gang-long Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Grüne J, Dyakonov V, Sperlich A. Detecting triplet states in opto-electronic and photovoltaic materials and devices by transient optically detected magnetic resonance. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2569-2575. [PMID: 34870298 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triplet excited states in organic semiconductor materials and devices are notoriously difficult to detect and study with established spectroscopic methods. Yet, they are a crucial intermediate step in next-generation organic light emitting diodes (OLED) that employ thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) to upconvert non-emissive triplets to emissive singlet states. In organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, however, triplets are an efficiency-limiting exciton loss channel and are also involved in device degradation. Here, we introduce an innovative spin-sensitive method to study triplet states in both, optically excited organic semiconductor films, as well as in electrically driven devices. The method of transient optically detected magnetic resonance (trODMR) can be applied to all light-emitting materials whose luminescence depends on paramagnetic spin states. It is thus an ideal spectroscopic tool to distinguish different states involved and determine their corresponding time scales. We unravel the role of intermediate excited spin states in opto-electronic and photovoltaic materials and devices and reveal fundamental differences in electrically and optically induced triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Grüne
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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Simulation and Theory of Classical Spin Hopping on a Lattice. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of spin for incoherently hopping carriers is critical to understand in a variety of systems such as organic semiconductors, amorphous semiconductors, and muon-implanted materials. This work specifically examined the spin relaxation of hopping spin/charge carriers through a cubic lattice in the presence of varying degrees of energy disorder when the carrier spin is treated classically and random spin rotations are suffered during the hopping process (to mimic spin–orbit coupling effects) instead of during the wait time period (which would be more appropriate for hyperfine coupling). The problem was studied under a variety of different assumptions regarding the hopping rates and the random local fields. In some cases, analytic solutions for the spin relaxation rate were obtained. In all the models, we found that exponentially distributed energy disorder led to a drastic reduction in spin polarization losses that fell nonexponentially.
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19
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Tan S, Jinnai K, Kabe R, Adachi C. Long-Persistent Luminescence from an Exciplex-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008844. [PMID: 33945182 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic long-persistent luminescent systems (OLPLs) exhibiting long-lasting emission after photoexcitation consist of organic electron donors and acceptors, that are widely used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although OLPLs and OLEDs include very similar excitonic processes, long-lasting emission has never been observed in OLEDs. This study confirms the presence of long-persistent luminescence (LPL) under electrical excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Tan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuya Jinnai
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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20
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Chen C, Cheng J, Ding W, Lin Z, Chen Y, Chiu T, Lo Y, Lee J, Wong K. New carboline‐based donors for green exciplex‐forming systems. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ju‐Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Cheng Ding
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Zong‐Liang Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Lung Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Chih Lo
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiun‐Haw Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ken‐Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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21
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Li ZW, Yang JJ, Liu XY, Fang WH, Wang H, Cui G. Chemical Bonding as a New Avenue for Controlling Excited-State Properties and Excitation Energy-Transfer Processes in Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyads. Chemistry 2021; 27:4159-4167. [PMID: 33372312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Whether chemical bonding can regulate the excited-state and optoelectronic properties of donor-acceptor dyads has been largely elusive. In this work, we used electronic structure and nonadiabatic dynamics methods to explore the excited-state properties of covalently bonded zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-fullerene (C60 ) dyads with a 6-6 (or 5-6) bonding configuration in which ZnPc is bonded to two carbon atoms shared by the two hexagonal rings (or a pentagonal and a hexagonal ring) in C60 . In both cases, the locally excited (LE) states on ZnPc are spectroscopically bright. However, their different chemical bonding differentiates the electronic interactions between ZnPc and C60 . In the 5-6 bonding configuration, the LE states on ZnPc are much higher in energy than the LE states on C60 . Thus, the excitation energy transfer from ZnPc to C60 is thermodynamically favorable. On the other hand, in the 6-6 bonding configuration, such a process is inhibited because the LE states on ZnPc are the lowest ones. More detailed mechanisms are elucidated from nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. In the 6-6 bonding configuration, no excitation energy transfer was observed. In contrast, in the 5-6 bonding configuration, several LE and charge-transfer (CT) excitons were shown to participate in the energy-transfer process. Further analysis reveals that the photoinduced energy transfer is mediated by a CT exciton, such that electron- and hole-transfer processes take place in a concerted but asynchronous manner in the excitation energy transfer. It is also found that high-level electronic structure methods including exciton effects are indispensable to accurately describe photoinduced energy- and electron-transfer processes. Furthermore, this work opens up new avenues for regulating the excited-state properties of molecular donor-acceptor dyads by means of chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217-3364, USA
| | - Ganglong Cui
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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22
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Wang Y, Wu H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Feng C, Dang Y, Dong H, Fu H, Hu W. Cocrystal Engineering: Toward Solution‐Processed Near‐Infrared 2D Organic Cocrystals for Broadband Photodetection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6344-6350. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Changfu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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23
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Wang Y, Wu H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Feng C, Dang Y, Dong H, Fu H, Hu W. Cocrystal Engineering: Toward Solution‐Processed Near‐Infrared 2D Organic Cocrystals for Broadband Photodetection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Changfu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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24
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Zhang M, Zheng CJ, Lin H, Tao SL. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence exciplex emitters for high-performance organic light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:401-425. [PMID: 34821262 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their natural thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, the development of exciplex emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has witnessed booming progress in recent years. Formed between electron-donating and electron-accepting molecules, exciplexes with intermolecular charge transfer processes have unique advantages compared with unimolecular TADF materials, offering a new way to develop high-performance TADF emitters. In this review, a comprehensive overview of TADF exciplex emitters is presented with a focus on the relationship between the constituents of exciplexes and their electroluminescence performance. We summarize and discuss the latest and most significant developments of TADF exciplex emitters. Notably, the design principles of efficient TADF exciplex emitters are systematically categorized into three systems within this review. These progressive achievements of TADF exciplex emitters point out future challenges to trigger more research endeavors in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China.
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25
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Li K, Xu DH, Wang X, Liu XY. Ultrafast channel I and channel II charge generation processes at a nonfullerene donor-acceptor PTB7:PDI interface is crucial for its excellent photovoltaic performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2097-2104. [PMID: 33434254 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonfullerene organic solar cells have received much attention in recent years due to their low cost, high absorption coefficient and excellent synthetic flexibility. However, the microscopic photoinduced dynamics at corresponding donor-acceptor interfaces remains unclear. In this work, we have firstly employed state-of-the-art TDDFT-based nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in combination with static electronic structure calculations to explore the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics at a typical nonfullerene donor-acceptor PTB7:PDI interface using a minimal model system (172 atoms). Upon excitation with specific wavelength of light, both PTB7 and PDI can be locally excited to generate |PTB7* and |PDI* excitons due to their high absorption ability and significant overlap in absorption spectrum. After that, these localized excitons gradually convert to charge transfer exciton |PTB7+PDI-, while another |PTB7-PDI+ charge transfer exciton is not involved in the whole process. Along with the exciton conversion, electron transfer from PTB7 to PDI (channel I charge generation) and the hole transfer from PDI to PTB7 (channel II charge generation) occurs simultaneously with time constants of 643 fs and 549 fs respectively. In the same time, D index that measures the centroid distance of electron and hole increases from 1.0 Å to 4.0 Å, which clearly reflects a charge transfer process at the interface. Our present work provides solid evidence that both channel I and channel II charge generation processes play important roles at PTB7:PDI interface, which could be helpful for the design of novel nonfullerene solar cells with better photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
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Hammer S, Zeiser C, Deutsch M, Engels B, Broch K, Pflaum J. Spatial Anisotropy of Charge Transfer at Perfluoropentacene-Pentacene (001) Single-Crystal Interfaces and its Relevance for Thin Film Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53547-53556. [PMID: 33167608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Archetypal donor-acceptor (D-A) interfaces composed of perfluoropentacene (PFP) and pentacene (PEN) are examined for charge transfer (CT) state formation and energetics as a function of their respective molecular configuration. To exclude morphological interference, our structural as well as highly sensitive differential reflectance spectroscopy studies were carried out on PFP thin films epitaxially grown on PEN(001) single-crystal facets. Whereas the experimental data supported by complementary theoretical calculations confirm the formation of a strong CT state in the case of a cofacial PFP-PEN stacking, CT formation is energetically less favorable and thus absent for the corresponding head-to-tail configuration as disclosed for the first time. In view of technological implementations, the knowledge gained on the single-crystal references is transferred to thin-film diodes composed of either stacked PFP/PEN bilayers or mixed PFP:PEN heterojunction interfaces. As demonstrated, their electronic and electroluminescent behavior can be consistently described by the absence or presence of interfacial CT states. Thus, our results hint at the thorough design of D-A interfaces to achieve the highest device performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marian Deutsch
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Liu XY, Li ZW, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Exciton and Charge Separation Dynamics at Interfaces of Zinc Phthalocyanine and Fullerene: Orientation Does Matter. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7388-7398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Xie X, Zhang C, Ma H. Charge transfer via deep hole in the J51/N2200 blend. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054705. [PMID: 32770906 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recently developed non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cells (OSCs), both the donor and acceptor parts can be excited by absorbing light photons. Therefore, both the electron transfer and hole transfer channels could occur at the donor/acceptor interface for generating free charge carriers in NFA based OSCs. However, in many molecular and DNA systems, recent studies revealed that the high charge transfer (CT) efficiency cannot be reasonably explained by a CT model with only highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of donor and acceptor molecules. In this work, taking an example of a full-polymer blend consisting of benzodithiophene-alt-benzotriazole copolymers (J51) as donor and naphthalene diimide-bithiophene (N2200) as acceptor, in which the ultrafast hole transfer has been recently reported, we investigate its CT process and examine the different roles of various frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). Through a joint study of quantum mechanics electronic structure calculation and nonadiabatic dynamics simulation, we find that the hole transfer between HOMOs of J51 and N2200 can hardly happen, but the hole transfer from HOMO of N2200 to HOMO - 1 of J51 is much more efficient. This points out the underlying importance of the deep hole channel in the CT process and indicates that including FMOs other than HOMOs and LUMOs is highly necessary to build a robust physical model for studying the CT process in molecular optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cassabaum AA, Bera K, Rich CC, Nebgen BR, Kwang SY, Clapham ML, Frontiera RR. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectro-microscopy for probing chemical reaction dynamics in solid-state materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Cassabaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Bailey R. Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Siu Yi Kwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Zhang T, Concannon NM, Holmes RJ. Migration of Charge-Transfer States at Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31677-31686. [PMID: 32628448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) states formed at organic donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconductor heterojunctions play a critical role in optoelectronic devices. While mobile, their migration has not been extensively characterized. In addition, the factors impacting the CT state diffusion length (LD) have not been elucidated. Here, CT state LD is measured by using photoluminescence quenching for several D-A mixtures, with migration occurring along the bulk heterojunction. All D-A pairings considered yield a similar LD ∼ 5 nm in equal mixtures despite variations in the CT state energy and the constituent molecular structures. The CT state LD varies strongly with mixture composition and is well-correlated to the slowest charge carrier mobility, suggesting a direct method to tune CT state transport. These findings may be applied to elucidate the role of CT state migration in organic photovoltaic and light-emitting devices as well as to broadly explain the transport of interfacial excited states along inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nolan M Concannon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Russell J Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Tang Y, Xie G, Yin X, Gao Y, Ding J, Yang C. Unravelling Electroplex Emission from Long-Range Charge Transfer Based on a Phosphorescent Dendrimer as the Electron Donor. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5255-5262. [PMID: 32519541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the exceptionally long-range charge-transfer-induced electroplex between a neat dendrimer emitter and the adjacent electron-transporting layer (ETL). Interestingly, the electroplex exists even in the dilute emitter with a sufficiently low concentration (0.5 wt %) in an inert host. The iridium dendrimer with the carbazole-based dendritic ligands exhibits bright emission, peaking at 536 nm, with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 77 nm in the devices without any ETLs. Unexpectedly, once the ETLs are inserted, a significantly broadened emission (fwhm = 115 nm) is detectable under electroluminescence. Taking advantage of the broad interfacial electroplex emission, a hybrid warm-white device was demonstrated by combining a sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, exhibiting a maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.7%, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of any other reported works based on the electroplex white organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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32
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Yu J, Li M, Xu C, Meng F, Cao J, Tan H, Zhu W. Near-infrared cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with bipolar features for efficient OLEDs via solution-processing. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8785-8790. [PMID: 32555837 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel bipolar NIR iridium(iii) complex (CH3OTPA-BTz-Iq)2Ir(pic-OXD) with both a hole transporting (HT) triphenylamine (TPA) group and an electron transporting (ET) oxadiazole (OXD) group was designed and synthesized. It was observed that the incorporation of OXD and TPA into the ligand (CH3OTPA-BTz-Iq)2Ir(pic-OXD) improved the optophysical and electroluminescence performance in comparison with the parent iridium(iii) complex (CH3OTPA-BTz-Iq)2Irpic. In (CH3OTPA-BTz-Iq)2Ir(pic-OXD)-based OLEDs, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 1.15% at 716 nm was obtained, which is much superior than that of the (CH3OTPA-BTz-Iq)2Irpic-based OLEDs (0.41% at 723 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China.
| | - Maoqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Fanyuan Meng
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
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Establishing charge-transfer excitons in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2618. [PMID: 32457289 PMCID: PMC7250833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge-transfer excitons (CTEs) immensely enrich property-tuning capabilities of semiconducting materials. However, such concept has been remaining as unexplored topic within halide perovskite structures. Here, we report that CTEs can be effectively formed in heterostructured 2D perovskites prepared by mixing PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4, functioning as host and guest components. Remarkably, a broad emission can be demonstrated with quick formation of 3 ps but prolonged lifetime of ~0.5 μs. This broad PL presents the hypothesis of CTEs, verified by the exclusion of lattice distortion and doping effects through demonstrating double-layered PEA2PbI4/PEA2SnI4 heterostructure when shearing-away PEA2SnI4 film onto the surface of PEA2PbI4 film by using hand-finger pressing method. The below-bandgap photocurrent indicates that CTEs are vital states formed at PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4 interfaces in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Electroluminescence shows that CTEs can be directly formed with electrically injected carriers in perovskite LEDs. Clearly, the CTEs presents a new mechanism to advance the multifunctionalities in 2D perovskites. Forming charge transfer excitons (CTEs) exclusively within perovskite structures remains as an unexplored issue. Here, the authors report the establishment of CTEs for demonstrating broad light emission within quasi-2D perovskite heterostructures, presenting “intermolecular-type” excited states.
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34
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Fabrizio A, Meyer B, Corminboeuf C. Machine learning models of the energy curvature vs particle number for optimal tuning of long-range corrected functionals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fabrizio
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Ginsberg NS, Tisdale WA. Spatially Resolved Photogenerated Exciton and Charge Transport in Emerging Semiconductors. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 71:1-30. [PMID: 31756129 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the characterization of electronic forms of energy transport in emerging semiconductors. The approaches described all temporally and spatially resolve the evolution of initially localized populations of photogenerated excitons or charge carriers. We first provide a comprehensive background for describing the physical origin and nature of electronic energy transport both microscopically and from the perspective of the observer. We introduce the new family of far-field, time-resolved optical microscopies developed to directly resolve not only the extent of this transport but also its potentially temporally and spatially dependent rate. We review a representation of examples from the recent literature, including investigation of energy flow in colloidal quantum dot solids, organic semiconductors, organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites, and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. These examples illustrate how traditional parameters like diffusivity are applicable only within limited spatiotemporal ranges and how the techniques at the core of this review,especially when taken together, are revealing a more complete picture of the spatiotemporal evolution of energy transport in complex semiconductors, even as a function of their structural heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; .,Material Sciences Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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Melianas A, Felekidis N, Puttisong Y, Meskers SCJ, Inganäs O, Chen WM, Kemerink M. Nonequilibrium site distribution governs charge-transfer electroluminescence at disordered organic heterointerfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23416-23425. [PMID: 31690666 PMCID: PMC6876215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908776116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between electron-donating (D) and electron-accepting (A) materials in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is commonly probed by charge-transfer (CT) electroluminescence (EL) measurements to estimate the CT energy, which critically relates to device open-circuit voltage. It is generally assumed that during CT-EL injected charges recombine at close-to-equilibrium energies in their respective density of states (DOS). Here, we explicitly quantify that CT-EL instead originates from higher-energy DOS site distributions significantly above DOS equilibrium energies. To demonstrate this, we have developed a quantitative and experimentally calibrated model for CT-EL at organic D/A heterointerfaces, which simultaneously accounts for the charge transport physics in an energetically disordered DOS and the Franck-Condon broadening. The 0-0 CT-EL transition lineshape is numerically calculated using measured energetic disorder values as input to 3-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We account for vibrational CT-EL overtones by selectively measuring the dominant vibrational phonon-mode energy governing CT luminescence at the D/A interface using fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy. Our model numerically reproduces the measured CT-EL spectra and their bias dependence and reveals the higher-lying manifold of DOS sites responsible for CT-EL. Lowest-energy CT states are situated ∼180 to 570 meV below the 0-0 CT-EL transition, enabling photogenerated carrier thermalization to these low-lying DOS sites when the OPV device is operated as a solar cell rather than as a light-emitting diode. Nonequilibrium site distribution rationalizes the experimentally observed weak current-density dependence of CT-EL and poses fundamental questions on reciprocity relations relating light emission to photovoltaic action and regarding minimal attainable photovoltaic energy conversion losses in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armantas Melianas
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Nikolaos Felekidis
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Functional Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Functional Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
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Pu YJ, Koyama Y, Otsuki D, Kim M, Chubachi H, Seino Y, Enomoto K, Aizawa N. Exciplex emissions derived from exceptionally long-distance donor and acceptor molecules. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9203-9208. [PMID: 32015800 PMCID: PMC6968732 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report exceptionally long-distance coupled exciplex emissions between electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules even with a 70 nm-thick spacer layer.
Intermolecular electron–hole coupling in organic semiconductor excited states plays important roles in organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics, and the distance of the coupling is typically only on the order of a few nanometers. Here, we report exceptionally long-distance coupled exciplex emissions between electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules even with a 70 nm-thick spacer layer. Donor/spacer (∼70 nm)/acceptor-type stacked films showed a low-energy band emission, which is not ascribed to the emission of the donor, spacer, and acceptor themselves, but well corresponds to the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor. Delayed transient photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) decays and PL quenching by oxygen at the low-energy band were observed and are consistent with the characteristics of the exciplex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuki Koyama
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Otsuki
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Hiroya Chubachi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuki Seino
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Naoya Aizawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,JST-PRESTO , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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39
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Cai X, Qiao Z, Li M, Wu X, He Y, Jiang X, Cao Y, Su S. Purely Organic Crystals Exhibit Bright Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13522-13531. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yanmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
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40
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Cai X, Qiao Z, Li M, Wu X, He Y, Jiang X, Cao Y, Su S. Purely Organic Crystals Exhibit Bright Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yanmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Province P. R. China
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41
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Zhu T, Snaider JM, Yuan L, Huang L. Ultrafast Dynamic Microscopy of Carrier and Exciton Transport. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:219-244. [PMID: 30883273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the recent progress in ultrafast dynamic microscopy that combines ultrafast optical spectroscopy with microscopy approaches, focusing on the application transient absorption microscopy (TAM) to directly image energy and charge transport in solar energy harvesting and conversion systems. We discuss the principles, instrumentation, and resolutions of TAM. The simultaneous spatial, temporal, and excited-state-specific resolutions of TAM unraveled exciton and charge transport mechanisms that were previously obscured in conventional ultrafast spectroscopy measurements for systems such as organic solar cells, hybrid perovskite thin films, and molecular aggregates. We also discuss future directions to improve resolutions and to develop other ultrafast imaging contrasts beyond transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Laser/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jordan M. Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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42
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Wang K, Gao Z, Zhang W, Yan Y, Song H, Lin X, Zhou Z, Meng H, Xia A, Yao J, Zhao YS. Exciton funneling in light-harvesting organic semiconductor microcrystals for wavelength-tunable lasers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2953. [PMID: 31214651 PMCID: PMC6570508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic solid-state lasers are essential for various photonic applications, yet current-driven lasing remains a great challenge. Charge transfer (CT) complexes formed with p-/n-type organic semiconductors show great potential in electrically pumped lasers, but it is still difficult to achieve population inversion owing to substantial nonradiative loss from delocalized CT states. Here, we demonstrate the lasing action of CT complexes based on exciton funneling in p-type organic microcrystals with n-type doping. The CT complexes with narrow bandgap were locally formed and surrounded by the hosts with high-lying energy levels, which behave as artificial light-harvesting systems. Excitation light energy captured by the hosts was delivered to the CT complexes, functioning as exciton funnels to benefit lasing actions. The lasing wavelength of such composite microcrystals was further modulated by varying the degree of CT. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of exciton funneling in light-harvesting systems for the development of high-performance organic lasing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.Y.); (Y.S.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibing Meng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Andong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.Y.); (Y.S.Z.)
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43
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Wei X, Liu Y, Hu T, Li Z, Liu J, Wang R, Gao H, Hu X, Liu G, Wang P, Lee CS, Wang Y. Design of Efficient Exciplex Emitters by Decreasing the Energy Gap Between the Local Excited Triplet ( 3LE) State of the Acceptor and the Charge Transfer (CT) States of the Exciplex. Front Chem 2019; 7:188. [PMID: 31024884 PMCID: PMC6465540 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exciplex based on the TX-TerPy were constructed. The electronic coupling between the triplet local excited states (3LE) of the donors and acceptor and the charge transfer states had a great influence on the triplet exciton harvesting and ΦPL. Herein, based on this strategy, three donor molecules TAPC, TCTA, and m-MTDATA were selected. The local triplet excited state (3LE) of the three donors are 2.93, 2.72 and 2.52 eV in pure films. And the 3LE of TX-TerPy is 2.69 eV in polystyrene film. The energy gap between the singlet charge transfer (1CT) states of TAPC:TX-TerPy (7:1), TCTA:TX-TerPy (7:1) and the 3LE of TX-TerPy are 0.30 eV and 0.20 eV. Finally, the ΦPL of TAPC:TX-TerPy (7:1) and TCTA:TX-TerPy (7:1) are 65.2 and 69.6%. When we changed the doping concentration of the exciplex from 15% to 50%, the ratio of the triplet decreased, and ΦPL decreased by half, perhaps due to the increased energy gap between 1CT and 3LE. Therefore, optimizing the 1CT, 3CT, and 3LE facilitated the efficient exciplex TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Hu
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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44
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Intrinsic measurements of exciton transport in photovoltaic cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1156. [PMID: 30858452 PMCID: PMC6411876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells are partiuclarly sensitive to exciton harvesting and are thus, a useful platform for the characterization of exciton diffusion. While device photocurrent spectroscopy can be used to extract the exciton diffusion length, this method is frequently limited by unknown interfacial recombination losses. We resolve this limitation and demonstrate a general, device-based photocurrent-ratio measurement to extract the intrinsic diffusion length. Since interfacial losses are not active layer specific, a ratio of the donor- and acceptor-material internal quantum efficiencies cancels this quantity. We further show that this measurement permits extraction of additional device-relevant information regarding exciton relaxation and charge separation processes. The generality of this method is demonstrated by measuring exciton transport for both luminescent and dark materials, as well as for small molecule and polymer active materials and semiconductor quantum dots. Thus, we demonstrate a broadly applicable device-based methodology to probe the intrinsic active material exciton diffusion length. Zhang et al. develop a device-based method to probe intrinsic exciton transport in photovoltaic cells. The broad utility of this method is demonstrated by measuring exciton transport for both luminescent and dark organic semiconductors as well as semiconductor quantum dots.
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45
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Zhang T, Brumboiu IE, Lanzilotto V, Grazioli C, Guarnaccio A, Johansson FOL, Coreno M, de Simone M, Santagata A, Brena B, Puglia C. Electronic structure modifications induced by increased molecular complexity: from triphenylamine to m-MTDATA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17959-17970. [PMID: 31384854 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The starburst π-conjugated molecule 4,4',4''-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (C57H48N4, m-MTDATA), based on triphenylamine (TPA) building blocks, is widely used in optoelectronic devices due to its good electron-donor characteristics. The electronic structure of m-MTDATA was investigated for the first time in the gas phase by means of PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (PES) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the experimental spectra provides a comprehensive description of the molecular electronic structure. Moreover, by comparing the results with previous TPA measurements, we could shed light on how the electronic structure evolves when the molecular size is increased. We found that the C 1s photoelectron spectra of m-MTDATA and TPA are similar, due to the balance of the counter-acting effects of the electronegativity of the N atoms and the delocalization of the amine lone-pair electrons. In contrast, the increased number of N atoms (i.e. N lone pairs) in m-MTDATA determines a three-peak feature in the outermost valence binding energy region with strong contributions by the N 2pz orbitals. We also obtained a decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap for m-MTDATA, which points to improved electron donating properties of m-MTDATA with respect to TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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46
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Schile AJ, Limmer DT. Studying rare nonadiabatic dynamics with transition path sampling quantum jump trajectories. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:214109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5058281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addison J. Schile
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
| | - David T. Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94618, USA
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47
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Kafle TR, Kattel B, Wang T, Chan WL. The relationship between the coherent size, binding energy and dissociation dynamics of charge transfer excitons at organic interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:454001. [PMID: 30265252 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae50b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At organic semiconductor interfaces, an electron and a hole can be bound Coulombically to form an interfacial charge transfer (CT) exciton. It is still under debate how a CT exciton can overcome its strong binding and dissociate into free carriers. Experimentally, capturing the evolution of the CT exciton on time (fs-ps) and length scales (nm) in which the dissociation process occurs is challenging. To overcome this challenge, time-resolved two photon photoemission spectroscopy is used to measure the binding energies and electronic coherent sizes of a series of CT states at organic interfaces, and capture the temporal dynamics of these CT excitons after their excitation. Using zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/fullerene (C60) interface as a model system, it is shown that the interfacial CT process first populates a hot CT state with a coherent size of ~4 nm. Hot and delocalized CT excitons subsequently relax into CT excitons with lower energies and smaller coherent sizes. To correlate the CT exciton properties with the dissociation efficiency, we develop a method that exploits graphene field effect transistors to probe the rate and yield of free carrier generation at the interface. Our results show that exciton dissociation can be more efficient if one can extract electrons from the hot and delocalized CT state. We propose a cascade structure that would serve this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tika R Kafle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
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48
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Bayne MG, Scher JA, Ellis BH, Chakraborty A. Linked-Cluster Formulation of Electron–Hole Interaction Kernel in Real-Space Representation without Using Unoccupied States. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3656-3666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 United States
| | - Jeremy A. Scher
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 United States
| | - Benjamin H. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 United States
| | - Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 United States
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; Suwon 16227 South Korea
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50
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Chen J, Qiu F, Liao Q, Peng C, Liu F, Guo X. Side-Chain Optimization of Phthalimide−Bithiophene Copolymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Large Fill Factors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fanglong Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and; Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA); Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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