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Han F, Zhang J, Yang F, Li B, He Y, Li G, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Huang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Yang H, Liu H, Zhang Q, Wu H, Chen J, Zhao W, Sheng XL, Sun J, Zhang Y. Generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current by non-uniform oxygen octahedral tilt/rotation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7299. [PMID: 39181897 PMCID: PMC11344798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The free-field switching of the perpendicular magnetization by the out-of-plane polarized spin current induced spin-orbit torque makes it a promising technology for developing high-density memory and logic devices. The materials intrinsically with low symmetry are generally utilized to generate the spin current with out-of-plane spin polarization. However, the generation of the out-of-plane polarized spin current by engineering the symmetry of materials has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that paramagnetic CaRuO3 films are able to generate out-of-plane polarized spin current by engineering the crystal symmetry. The non-uniform oxygen octahedral tilt/rotation along film's normal direction induced by oxygen octahedral coupling near interface breaks the screw-axis and glide-plane symmetries, which gives rise to a significant out-of-plane polarized spin current. This spin current can drive field-free spin-orbit torque switching of perpendicular magnetization with high efficiency. Our results offer a promising strategy based on crystal symmetry design to manipulate spin current and could have potential applications in advanced spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Han
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu He
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guansong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jine Zhang
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huaiwen Yang
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Lei Sheng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jirong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Spintronics Institute, Jinan University, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Fert Beijing Research Institute, National Key Lab of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P. R. China.
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2
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Jeong SG, Cho SW, Song S, Oh JY, Jeong DG, Han G, Jeong HY, Mohamed AY, Noh WS, Park S, Lee JS, Lee S, Kim YM, Cho DY, Choi WS. Dimensionality Engineering of Magnetic Anisotropy from the Anomalous Hall Effect in Synthetic SrRuO 3 Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7979-7986. [PMID: 38829309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic anisotropy in atomically thin correlated heterostructures is essential for exploring quantum magnetic phases for next-generation spintronics. Whereas previous studies have mostly focused on van der Waals systems, here we investigate the impact of dimensionality of epitaxially grown correlated oxides down to the monolayer limit on structural, magnetic, and orbital anisotropies. By designing oxide superlattices with a correlated ferromagnetic SrRuO3 and nonmagnetic SrTiO3 layers, we observed modulated ferromagnetic behavior with the change of the SrRuO3 thickness. Especially, for three-unit-cell-thick layers, we observe a significant 1500% improvement of the coercive field in the anomalous Hall effect, which cannot be solely attributed to the dimensional crossover in ferromagnetism. The atomic-scale heterostructures further reveal the systematic modulation of anisotropy for the lattice structure and orbital hybridization, explaining the enhanced magnetic anisotropy. Our findings provide valuable insights into engineering the anisotropic hybridization of synthetic magnetic crystals, offering a tunable spin order for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seong Won Cho
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sehwan Song
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Do Gyeom Jeong
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Gyeongtak Han
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | | | - Woo-Suk Noh
- cCPM, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Suyoun Lee
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Deok-Yong Cho
- Department of Physics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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3
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Yao S, Ji Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Hou Z, Wang J, Gao X, Fu W, Nie K, Xie J, Yang Z, Yan YM. Unlocking Spin Gates of Transition Metal Oxides via Strain Stimuli to Augment Potassium Ion Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404834. [PMID: 38588076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are key in electrochemical energy storage, offering cost-effectiveness and a broad potential window. However, their full potential is limited by poor understanding of their slow reaction kinetics and stability issues. This study diverges from conventional complex nano-structuring, concentrating instead on spin-related charge transfer and orbital interactions to enhance the reaction dynamics and stability of TMOs during energy storage processes. We successfully reconfigured the orbital degeneracy and spin-dependent electronic occupancy by disrupting the symmetry of magnetic cobalt (Co) sites through straightforward strain stimuli. The key to this approach lies in the unfilled Co 3d shell, which serves as a spin-dependent regulator for carrier transfer and orbital interactions within the reaction. We observed that the opening of these 'spin gates' occurs during a transition from a symmetric low-spin state to an asymmetric high-spin state, resulting in enhanced reaction kinetics and maintained structural stability. Specifically, the spin-rearranged Al-Co3O4 exhibited a specific capacitance of 1371 F g-1, which is 38 % higher than that of unaltered Co3O4. These results not only shed light on the spin effects in magnetic TMOs but also establish a new paradigm for designing electrochemical energy storage materials with improved efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Yao
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Ji
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Liu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishan Hou
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Gao
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Fu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqi Nie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangzhou Xie
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of, New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Yan
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yu X, Lin L, Pei C, Ji S, Sun Y, Wang Y, Kyu Kim J, Seok Park H, Pang H. Immobilizing Bimetallic RuCo Nanoalloys on Few-Layered MXene as a Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303524. [PMID: 37965774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Doping Co atoms into Ru lattices can tune the electronic structure of active sites, and the conductive MXene can adjust the electrical conductivity of catalysts, which are both favorable for improving the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst for water splitting. Here, ruthenium-cobalt bimetallic nanoalloys coupled with exfoliated Ti3 C2 Tx MXene (RuCo-Ti3 C2 Tx ) have been constructed by ice-templated and thermal activation. Due to the strong interaction between the RuCo nanoalloys and conductive MXene, RuCo-Ti3 C2 Tx not only exhibits an excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a low overpotential and Tafel slope (60 mV, 34.8 mV dec-1 in 0.5 M H2 SO4 and 52 mV, 38.7 mV dec-1 in 1 M KOH), but also good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in an alkaline electrolyte (266 mV, 111.1 mV dec-1 in 1 M KOH). The assembled RuCo-Ti3 C2 Tx ||RuCo-Ti3 C2 Tx electrolyzer requires a lower potential (1.56 V) than does the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer at 10 mA cm-2 . A boosted catalytic HER activity from immobilizing the RuCo nanoalloys on MXene was unveiled by density functional theory calculations. This study provides a feasible and efficient strategy for developing MXene-based catalysts for overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Longjie Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Chengang Pei
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Shenjing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
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5
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Lu XZ, Zhang HM, Zhou Y, Zhu T, Xiang H, Dong S, Kageyama H, Rondinelli JM. Out-of-plane ferroelectricity and robust magnetoelectricity in quasi-two-dimensional materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi0138. [PMID: 37992171 PMCID: PMC10665001 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film ferroelectrics have been pursued for capacitive and nonvolatile memory devices. They rely on polarizations that are oriented in an out-of-plane direction to facilitate integration and addressability with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor architectures. The internal depolarization field, however, formed by surface charges can suppress the out-of-plane polarization in ultrathin ferroelectric films that could otherwise exhibit lower coercive fields and operate with lower power. Here, we unveil stabilization of a polar longitudinal optical (LO) mode in the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper family that produces out-of-plane ferroelectricity, persists under open-circuit boundary conditions, and is distinct from hyperferroelectricity. Our first-principles calculations show the stabilization of the LO mode is ubiquitous in chalcogenides and halides and relies on anharmonic trilinear mode coupling. We further show that the out-of-plane ferroelectricity can be predicted with a crystallographic tolerance factor, and we use these insights to design a room-temperature multiferroic with strong magnetoelectric coupling suitable for magneto-electric spin-orbit transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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6
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Feng M, Ahlm N, Sasaki DY, Chiu IT, N’Diaye AT, Shafer P, Klewe C, Mehta A, Takamura Y. Tuning In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy and Interfacial Exchange Coupling in Epitaxial La 2/3Sr 1/3CoO 3/La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3 Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37910813 PMCID: PMC10658449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy and interfacial exchange coupling between ferromagnetic (FM) layers plays a key role in next-generation spintronic and magnetic memory devices. In this work, we explored the effect of tuning the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of La2/3Sr1/3CoO3 (LSCO) and La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) layers and the corresponding effect on interfacial exchange coupling by adjusting the thickness of the LSCO layer (tLSCO). The epitaxial LSCO/LSMO bilayers were grown on (110)o-oriented NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates with a fixed LSMO (top layer) thickness of 6 nm and LSCO (bottom layer) thicknesses varying from 1 to 10 nm. Despite the small difference (∼0.2%) in lattice mismatch between the two in-plane directions, [001]o and [11̅0]o, a pronounced in-plane magnetic anisotropy was observed. Soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism hysteresis loops revealed that for tLSCO ≤ 4 nm, the easy axes for both LSCO and LSMO layers were along the [001]o direction, and the LSCO layer was characterized by magnetically active Co2+ ions that strongly coupled to the LSMO layer. No exchange bias effect was observed in the hysteresis loops. In contrast, along the [11̅0]o direction, the LSCO and LSMO layers displayed a small difference in their coercivity values, and a small exchange bias shift was observed. As tLSCO increased above 4 nm, the easy axis for the LSCO layer remained along the [100]o direction, but it gradually rotated to the [11̅0]o direction for the LSMO layer, resulting in a large negative exchange bias shift. Therefore, we provide a way to control the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and exchange bias by tuning the interfacial exchange coupling between the two FM layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Feng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nolan Ahlm
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dayne Y. Sasaki
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - I-Ting Chiu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alpha T. N’Diaye
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christoph Klewe
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yayoi Takamura
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Liang Y, Yi D, Nan T, Liu S, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Xu T, Dai M, Hu JM, Xu B, Shi J, Jiang W, Yu R, Lin YH. Field-free spin-orbit switching of perpendicular magnetization enabled by dislocation-induced in-plane symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5458. [PMID: 37673896 PMCID: PMC10482861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) holds great promise for next generation magnetic-memory technology. Field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization requires the breaking of in-plane symmetry, which can be artificially introduced by external magnetic field, exchange coupling or device asymmetry. Recently it has been shown that the exploitation of inherent crystal symmetry offers a simple and potentially efficient route towards field-free switching. However, applying this approach to the benchmark SOT materials such as ferromagnets and heavy metals is challenging. Here, we present a strategy to break the in-plane symmetry of Pt/Co heterostructures by designing the orientation of Burgers vectors of dislocations. We show that the lattice of Pt/Co is tilted by about 1.2° when the Burgers vector has an out-of-plane component. Consequently, a tilted magnetic easy axis is induced and can be tuned from nearly in-plane to out-of-plane, enabling the field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization components at room temperature with a relatively low current density (~1011 A/m2) and excellent stability (> 104 cycles). This strategy is expected to be applicable to engineer a wide range of symmetry-related functionalities for future electronic and magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengsheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hetian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ben Xu
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Shi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan-Hua Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Qiu J, Nguyen TH, Lee YJ, Kim S, Kim S, Kim SJ, Song MT, Huang WJ, Chen XB, Yang IS. Strong oxygen-content dependence of the magnetic excitations in antiferromagnetic NiO nanoparticles: A Raman probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122700. [PMID: 37060656 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiO has attracted much attention from both the fundamental and applied perspectives. Understanding the two-magnon (2 M) is of great significance in NiO applications such as spin valves and next-generation magnetic random access memories (MRAM). We investigated the phonon modes and antiferromagnetically ordered states of NiO nanoparticles prepared by empirically controlled measurements. An intensity enhancement of the 2 M mode was observed by Raman spectroscopy as the NiO nanoparticles were vacuum annealed at 650 ℃. The increased 2 M peak intensity in NiO nanoparticles is explained by the local symmetry conversions from NiO5 to NiO6 configurations due to the oxygen redistribution during the vacuum annealing. The change of the splitting of anisotropic transverse optical (TO) phonon with different oxygen contents was also revealed by the Raman spectroscopy. We have shown that the changes in the oxygen environment underlie both the change in the 2 M intensity and the splitting of TO phonon in the NiO nanoparticles. Our work offers an efficient avenue to strengthen the AFM ordering and emphasizes the effect of vacuum annealing of the NiO nanoparticles, opening the interesting possibility of individual parameter control in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Meng-Ting Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Wen-Juan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiang-Bai Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - In-Sang Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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9
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Hoang VH, Lee NS, Kim HJ. Strain-induced Mn valence state variation in CaMnO 3-δ/substrate interfaces: electronic reconstruction versus oxygen vacancies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3887-3895. [PMID: 37496622 PMCID: PMC10368000 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the nanoscale crystalline and electronic structures of the interfaces between CaMnO3-δ and substrates such as SrTiO3 (001) and LaAlO3 (001) by employing advanced transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques. The objective is to comprehend the influence of different strains on the Mn valence state. Our findings reveal that the Mn valence state remains relatively stable in the region of a weakly tensile-strained interface, whereas it experiences a significant decrease from Mn4+ to Mn2.3+ in the region of a strongly tensile-strained interface. Although this reduction in valence appears to be consistent with the electron reconstruction scenario, the observed increase in the out-of-plane lattice constant at the interface implies the accumulation of oxygen vacancies at the interface. Consequently, the present study offers a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationships among the Mn valence state, local structure, and formation of oxygen vacancies in the context of two distinct strain cases. This knowledge is essential for tailoring the interface properties and guiding future developments in the field of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hien Hoang
- Department of Physics, Graduate School, Daegu University Gyeongbuk 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Suk Lee
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jung Kim
- Department of Physics, Graduate School, Daegu University Gyeongbuk 38453 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials-Energy Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Daegu University Gyeongbuk 38453 Republic of Korea
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10
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Han H, Zhang Q, Li W, Liu Y, Guo J, Wang Y, Li Q, Gu L, Nan CW, Ma J. Interfacial Oxygen Octahedral Coupling-Driven Robust Ferroelectricity in Epitaxial Na 0.5Bi 0.5TiO 3 Thin Films. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0191. [PMID: 37465161 PMCID: PMC10351392 DOI: 10.34133/research.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR) forms fundamental atomic distortions and symmetries in perovskite oxides and definitely determines their properties and functionalities. Therefore, epitaxial strain and interfacial structural coupling engineering have been developed to modulate the OOR patterns and explore novel properties, but it is difficult to distinguish the 2 mechanisms. Here, different symmetries are induced in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) epitaxial films by interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling rather than epitaxial strain. The NBT film grown on the Nb:SrTiO3 substrate exhibits a paraelectric tetragonal phase, while with La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 as a buffer layer, a monoclinic phase and robust ferroelectricity are obtained, with a remanent polarization of 42 μC cm-2 and a breakdown strength of 7.89 MV cm-1, which are the highest record among NBT-based films. Moreover, the interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling effect is demonstrated to propagate to the entire thickness of the film, suggesting an intriguing long-range effect. This work provides a deep insight into understanding the structure modulation in perovskite heterostructures and an important avenue for achieving unique functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiasheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Peng L, Gineste S, Coudret C, Ciuculescu-Pradines D, Benoît-Marquié F, Mingotaud C, Marty JD. Iron-based hybrid polyionic complexes as chemical reservoirs for the pH-triggered synthesis of Prussian blue nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:900-908. [PMID: 37390537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Hybrid polyion complexes (HPICs) obtained from the complexation in aqueous solution of a double hydrophilic block copolymer and metal ions can act as efficient precursors for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles. In particular, the possibility to control the availability of metal ions by playing on the pH conditions is of special interest to obtain nanoparticles with controlled size and composition. EXPERIMENTS HPICs based on Fe3+ ions were used to initiate the formation of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles in presence of potassium ferrocyanide in reaction media with varying pH values. FINDINGS Complexed Fe3+ ions within HPICs can be easily released by adjusting the pH value either through the addition of a base/acid or by using a merocyanine photoacid. This allows to modulate the reactivity of Fe3+ ions with potassium ferrocyanide present in solution. As a result, PB nanoparticles with different structures (core, core-shell), composition and controlled size are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Peng
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Gineste
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Coudret
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Diana Ciuculescu-Pradines
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Benoît-Marquié
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Jean-Daniel Marty
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University of Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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12
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Li D, Wang H, Li K, Zhu B, Jiang K, Backes D, Veiga LSI, Shi J, Roy P, Xiao M, Chen A, Jia Q, Lee TL, Dhesi SS, Scanlon DO, MacManus-Driscoll JL, van Aken PA, Zhang KHL, Li W. Emergent and robust ferromagnetic-insulating state in highly strained ferroelastic LaCoO 3 thin films. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3638. [PMID: 37336926 PMCID: PMC10279738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal oxides are promising candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices due to their fascinating properties that can be effectively engineered by strain, defects, and microstructure. An excellent example can be found in ferroelastic LaCoO3 with paramagnetism in bulk. In contrast, unexpected ferromagnetism is observed in tensile-strained LaCoO3 films, however, its origin remains controversial. Here we simultaneously reveal the formation of ordered oxygen vacancies and previously unreported long-range suppression of CoO6 octahedral rotations throughout LaCoO3 films. Supported by density functional theory calculations, we find that the strong modification of Co 3d-O 2p hybridization associated with the increase of both Co-O-Co bond angle and Co-O bond length weakens the crystal-field splitting and facilitates an ordered high-spin state of Co ions, inducing an emergent ferromagnetic-insulating state. Our work provides unique insights into underlying mechanisms driving the ferromagnetic-insulating state in tensile-strained ferroelastic LaCoO3 films while suggesting potential applications toward low-power spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 211106, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Kaifeng Li
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 211106, Nanjing, China
| | - Bonan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Materials, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Dianji University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dirk Backes
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Larissa S I Veiga
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jueli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Pinku Roy
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sarnjeet S Dhesi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kelvin H L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 211106, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Ko EK, Hahn S, Sohn C, Lee S, Lee SSB, Sohn B, Kim JR, Son J, Song J, Kim Y, Kim D, Kim M, Kim CH, Kim C, Noh TW. Tuning orbital-selective phase transitions in a two-dimensional Hund's correlated system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3572. [PMID: 37328474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hund's rule coupling (J) has attracted much attention recently for its role in the description of the novel quantum phases of multi-orbital materials. Depending on the orbital occupancy, J can lead to various intriguing phases. However, experimental confirmation of the orbital occupancy dependency has been difficult as controlling the orbital degrees of freedom normally accompanies chemical inhomogeneities. Here, we demonstrate a method to investigate the role of orbital occupancy in J related phenomena without inducing inhomogeneities. By growing SrRuO3 monolayers on various substrates with symmetry-preserving interlayers, we gradually tune the crystal field splitting and thus the orbital degeneracy of the Ru t2g orbitals. It effectively varies the orbital occupancies of two-dimensional (2D) ruthenates. Via in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe a progressive metal-insulator transition (MIT). It is found that the MIT occurs with orbital differentiation: concurrent opening of a band insulating gap in the dxy band and a Mott gap in the dxz/yz bands. Our study provides an effective experimental method for investigation of orbital-selective phenomena in multi-orbital materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyo Ko
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Hahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences (RIBS), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Sohn
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sup B Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmin Sohn
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Son
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkeun Song
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghan Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong H Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kim JR, Sohn B, Lee HJ, Lee S, Ko EK, Hahn S, Lee S, Kim Y, Kim D, Kim HJ, Kim Y, Son J, Ahn CH, Walker FJ, Go A, Kim M, Kim CH, Kim C, Noh TW. Heteroepitaxial Control of Fermi Liquid, Hund Metal, and Mott Insulator Phases in Single-Atomic-Layer Ruthenates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208833. [PMID: 36739615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between dissimilar correlated oxides can offer devices with versatile functionalities, and great efforts have been made to manipulate interfacial electronic phases. However, realizing such phases is often hampered by the inability to directly access the electronic structure information; most correlated interfacial phenomena appear within a few atomic layers from the interface. Here, atomic-scale epitaxy and photoemission spectroscopy are utilized to realize the interface control of correlated electronic phases in atomic-scale ruthenate-titanate heterostructures. While bulk SrRuO3 is a ferromagnetic metal, the heterointerfaces exclusively generate three distinct correlated phases in the single-atomic-layer limit. The theoretical analysis reveals that atomic-scale structural proximity effects yield Fermi liquid, Hund metal, and Mott insulator phases in the quantum-confined SrRuO3 . These results highlight the extensive interfacial tunability of electronic phases, hitherto hidden in the atomically thin correlated heterostructure. Moreover, this experimental platform suggests a way to control interfacial electronic phases of various correlated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rae Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byungmin Sohn
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hyeong Jun Lee
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ko
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungsoo Hahn
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangjae Lee
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Younsik Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Donghan Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hong Joon Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaeseok Son
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Charles H Ahn
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Frederick J Walker
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ara Go
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Choong H Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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15
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao J, Lin S, Jin Q, Hong H, Huon A, Charlton T, Li Q, Yan W, Wang J, Ge C, Wang C, Wang B, Fitzsimmons MR, Guo H, Gu L, Yin W, Jin KJ, Guo EJ. Atomically engineered cobaltite layers for robust ferromagnetism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3981. [PMID: 36306366 PMCID: PMC9616489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces are directly associated with the bonding geometry of adjacent layers. Effective control of accessible parameters, such as the bond length and bonding angles, offers an elegant method to tailor competing energies of the electronic and magnetic ground states. In this study, we construct unit-thick syntactic layers of cobaltites within a strongly tilted octahedral matrix via atomically precise synthesis. The octahedral tilt patterns of adjacent layers propagate into cobaltites, leading to a continuation of octahedral tilting while maintaining substantial misfit tensile strain. These effects induce severe rumpling within an atomic plane of neighboring layers, further triggering the electronic reconstruction between the splitting orbitals. First-principles calculations reveal that the cobalt ions transit to a higher spin state level upon octahedral tilting, resulting in robust ferromagnetism in ultrathin cobaltites. This work demonstrates a design methodology for fine-tuning the lattice and spin degrees of freedom in correlated quantum heterostructures by exploiting epitaxial geometric engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xujing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Amanda Huon
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Charlton
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Qian Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Baotian Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Michael R. Fitzsimmons
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Kui-juan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Er Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Corresponding author. (W.Y.); (K.-j.J.); (E.J.G.)
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16
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De Luca G, Spring J, Kaviani M, Jöhr S, Campanini M, Zakharova A, Guillemard C, Herrero-Martin J, Erni R, Piamonteze C, Rossell MD, Aschauer U, Gibert M. Top-Layer Engineering Reshapes Charge Transfer at Polar Oxide Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203071. [PMID: 35841137 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer phenomena at heterointerfaces are a promising pathway to engineer functionalities absent in bulk materials but can also lead to degraded properties in ultrathin films. Mitigating such undesired effects with an interlayer reshapes the interface architecture, restricting its operability. Therefore, developing less-invasive methods to control charge transfer will be beneficial. Here, an appropriate top-interface design allows for remote manipulation of the charge configuration of the buried interface and concurrent restoration of the ferromagnetic trait of the whole film. Double-perovskite insulating ferromagnetic La2 NiMnO6 (LNMO) thin films grown on perovskite oxide substrates are investigated as a model system. An oxygen-vacancy-assisted electronic reconstruction takes place initially at the LNMO polar interfaces. As a result, the magnetic properties of 2-5 unit cell LNMO films are affected beyond dimensionality effects. The introduction of a top electron-acceptor layer redistributes the electron excess and restores the ferromagnetic properties of the ultrathin LNMO films. Such a strategy can be extended to other interfaces and provides an advanced approach to fine-tune the electronic features of complex multilayered heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Spring
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moloud Kaviani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jöhr
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Marco Campanini
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Anna Zakharova
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Charles Guillemard
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Spain
| | - Javier Herrero-Martin
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Spain
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Marta Gibert
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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17
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Ran M, Zhao C, Xu X, Kong X, Lee Y, Cui W, Hu ZY, Roxas A, Luo Z, Li H, Ding F, Gan L, Zhai T. Boosting in-plane anisotropy by periodic phase engineering in two-dimensional VO 2 single crystals. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:456-461. [PMID: 38933399 PMCID: PMC11197522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In-plane anisotropy (IPA) due to asymmetry in lattice structures provides an additional parameter for the precise tuning of characteristic polarization-dependent properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials, but the narrow range within which such method can modulate properties hinders significant development of related devices. Herein we present a novel periodic phase engineering strategy that can remarkably enhance the intrinsic IPA obtainable from minor variations in asymmetric structures. By introducing alternant monoclinic and rutile phases in 2D VO2 single crystals through the regulation of interfacial thermal strain, the IPA in electrical conductivity can be reversibly modulated in a range spanning two orders of magnitude, reaching an unprecedented IPA of 113. Such an intriguing local phase engineering in 2D materials can be well depicted and predicted by a theoretical model consisting of phase transformation, thermal expansion, and friction force at the interface, creating a framework applicable to other 2D materials. Ultimately, the considerable adjustability and reversibility of the presented strategy provide opportunities for future polarization-dependent photoelectric and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wenjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Nanostructure Research Centre, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Nanostructure Research Centre, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alexander Roxas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Niu X, Chen BB, Zhong N, Xiang PH, Duan CG. Topological Hall effect in SrRuO 3thin films and heterostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:244001. [PMID: 35325882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac60d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides hold a wide spectrum of fascinating properties endowed by the strong electron correlations. In 4dand 5doxides, exotic phases can be realized with the involvement of strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), such as unconventional magnetism and topological superconductivity. Recently, topological Hall effects (THEs) and magnetic skyrmions have been uncovered in SrRuO3thin films and heterostructures, where the presence of SOC and inversion symmetry breaking at the interface are believed to play a key role. Realization of magnetic skyrmions in oxides not only offers a platform to study topological physics with correlated electrons, but also opens up new possibilities for magnetic oxides using in the low-power spintronic devices. In this review, we discuss recent observations of THE and skyrmions in the SRO film interfaced with various materials, with a focus on the electric tuning of THE. We conclude with a discussion on the directions of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Hua Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Gang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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19
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Strain Engineering: A Pathway for Tunable Functionalities of Perovskite Metal Oxide Films. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050835. [PMID: 35269323 PMCID: PMC8912649 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite offers a framework that boasts various functionalities and physical properties of interest such as ferroelectricity, magnetic orderings, multiferroicity, superconductivity, semiconductor, and optoelectronic properties owing to their rich compositional diversity. These properties are also uniquely tied to their crystal distortion which is directly affected by lattice strain. Therefore, many important properties of perovskite can be further tuned through strain engineering which can be accomplished by chemical doping or simply element substitution, interface engineering in epitaxial thin films, and special architectures such as nanocomposites. In this review, we focus on and highlight the structure–property relationships of perovskite metal oxide films and elucidate the principles to manipulate the functionalities through different modalities of strain engineering approaches.
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20
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Sando D. Strain and orientation engineering in ABO 3perovskite oxide thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:153001. [PMID: 35042194 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4c61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite oxides with chemical formula ABO3are widely studied for their properties including ferroelectricity, magnetism, strongly correlated physics, optical effects, and superconductivity. A thriving research direction using such materials is through their integration as epitaxial thin films, allowing many novel and exotic effects to be discovered. The integration of the thin film on a single crystal substrate, however, can produce unique and powerful effects, and can even induce phases in the thin film that are not stable in bulk. The substrate imposed mechanical boundary conditions such as strain, crystallographic orientation, octahedral rotation patterns, and symmetry can also affect the functional properties of perovskite films. Here, the author reviews the current state of the art in epitaxial strain and orientation engineering in perovskite oxide thin films. The paper begins by introducing the effect of uniform conventional biaxial strain, and then moves to describe how the substrate crystallographic orientation can induce symmetry changes in the film materials. Various material case studies, including ferroelectrics, magnetically ordered materials, and nonlinear optical oxides are covered. The connectivity of the oxygen octahedra between film and substrate depending on the strain level as well as the crystallographic orientation is then discussed. The review concludes with open questions and suggestions worthy of the community's focus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sando
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia
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21
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Katase T, He X, Tadano T, Tomczak JM, Onozato T, Ide K, Feng B, Tohei T, Hiramatsu H, Ohta H, Ikuhara Y, Hosono H, Kamiya T. Breaking of Thermopower-Conductivity Trade-Off in LaTiO 3 Film around Mott Insulator to Metal Transition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102097. [PMID: 34672114 PMCID: PMC8655177 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introducing artificial strain in epitaxial thin films is an effective strategy to alter electronic structures of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and to induce novel phenomena and functionalities not realized in bulk crystals. This study reports a breaking of the conventional trade-off relation in thermopower (S)-conductivity (σ) and demonstrates a 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of power factor (PF) in compressively strained LaTiO3 (LTO) films. By varying substrates and reducing film thickness down to 4 nm, the out-of-plane to the in-plane lattice parameter ratio is controlled from 0.992 (tensile strain) to 1.034 (compressive strain). This tuning induces the electronic structure change from a Mott insulator to a metal and leads to a 103 -fold increase in σ up to 2920 S cm-1 . Concomitantly, the sign of S inverts from positive to negative, and both σ and S increase and break the trade-off relation between them in the n-type region. As a result, the PF (=S2 σ) is significantly enhanced to 300 µW m- 1 K-2 , which is 102 times larger than that of bulk LTO. Present results propose epitaxial strain as a means to finely tune strongly correlated TMOs close to their Mott transition, and thus to harness the hidden large thermoelectric PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Katase
- Laboratory for Materials and StructuresTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
- PRESTOJapan Science and Technology Agency7 GobanchoChiyoda‐kuTokyo102‐0076Japan
| | - Xinyi He
- Laboratory for Materials and StructuresTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic MaterialsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐2‐1 SengenTsukubaIbaraki305‐0047Japan
| | - Jan M. Tomczak
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsVienna University of TechnologyWiedner Hautptstrasse 8‐10, A‐1040 ViennaAustria
| | - Takaki Onozato
- Graduate School of Information Science and TechnologyHokkaido UniversityN14W9, Kita‐kuSapporo060‐0814Japan
| | - Keisuke Ide
- Laboratory for Materials and StructuresTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Engineering InnovationThe University of Tokyo2‐11‐16 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tohei
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1‐3 Machikaneyama‐choToyonakaOsaka560‐8531Japan
| | - Hidenori Hiramatsu
- Laboratory for Materials and StructuresTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido UniversityN20W10, Kita‐kuSapporo001‐0020Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering InnovationThe University of Tokyo2‐11‐16 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
| | - Toshio Kamiya
- Laboratory for Materials and StructuresTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8503Japan
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22
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Rajak P, Knez D, Chaluvadi SK, Orgiani P, Rossi G, Méchin L, Ciancio R. Evidence of Mn-Ion Structural Displacements Correlated with Oxygen Vacancies in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Interfacial Dead Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55666-55675. [PMID: 34758616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of half-metallic manganite thin films depend on the composition and structure in the atomic scale, and consequently, their potential functional behavior can only be based on fine structure characterization. By combining advanced transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and multislice image simulations, we obtained evidence of a 7 nm-thick interface layer in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films, compatible with the formation of well-known dead layers in manganites, with an elongated out-of-plane lattice parameter and structural and electronic properties well distinguished from the bulk of the film. We observed, for the first time, a structural shift of Mn ions coupled with oxygen vacancies and a reduced Mn valence state within such layer. Understanding the correlation between oxygen vacancies, the Mn oxidation state, and Mn-ion displacements is a prerequisite to engineer the magnetotransport properties of LSMO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piu Rajak
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel Knez
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Orgiani
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rossi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laurence Méchin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Regina Ciancio
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Lee J, Kim GY, Jeong S, Yang M, Kim JW, Cho BG, Choi Y, Kim S, Choi JS, Lee TK, Kim J, Lee DR, Chang SH, Park S, Jung JH, Bark CW, Koo TY, Ryan PJ, Ihm K, Kim S, Choi SY, Kim TH, Lee S. Template Engineering of Metal-to-Insulator Transitions in Epitaxial Bilayer Nickelate Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54466-54475. [PMID: 34739229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metal-to-insulator phase transitions in solids has been a keystone not only for discovering novel physical phenomena in condensed matter physics but also for achieving scientific breakthroughs in materials science. In this work, we demonstrate that the transport properties (i.e., resistivity and transition temperature) in the metal-to-insulator transitions of perovskite nickelates are tunable via the epitaxial heterojunctions of LaNiO3 and NdNiO3 thin films. A mismatch in the oxygen coordination environment and interfacial octahedral coupling at the oxide heterointerface allows us to realize an exotic phase that is unattainable in the parent compound. With oxygen vacancy formation for strain accommodation, the topmost LaNiO3 layer in LaNiO3/NdNiO3 bilayer thin films is structurally engineered and it electrically undergoes a metal-to-insulator transition that does not appear in metallic LaNiO3. Modification of the NdNiO3 template layer thickness provides an additional knob for tailoring the tilting angles of corner-connected NiO6 octahedra and the linked transport characteristics further. Our approaches can be harnessed to tune physical properties in complex oxides and to realize exotic physical phenomena through oxide thin-film heterostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeop Jeong
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Yang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeong-Gwan Cho
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sangmo Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin San Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyoung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip J Ryan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kyuwook Ihm
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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24
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Paudel B, Kang KT, Sharma Y, Nakotte H, Yarotski D, Chen A. Symmetry mismatch controlled ferroelastic domain ordering and the functional properties of manganite films on cubic miscut substrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16623-16628. [PMID: 34319307 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the magnetotransport properties and strain release mechanisms in ferroelastic La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3 (STO)(001) substrates with different miscut angles. The substrate miscut angle plays a critical role in releasing shear strain and has a huge impact on the properties of the films. The strain relaxes by monoclinic distortion for films on low miscut substrates and for higher miscut substrates, the strain relaxation causes the formation of periodic twin domains with larger periodicities. We observe that the Curie temperature (TC) decreases systematically, and magnetoresistance (MR) increases with increasing the miscut angle. Such changes in the magnetic and transport properties could be due to the increased density of phase boundaries (PBs) with the increase of miscut angle. This work provides a way to tailor film microstructures and subsequent functional properties of other complex oxide films on miscut substrates with symmetry mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Paudel
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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25
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Yang M, Jin K, Yao H, Zhang Q, Ji Y, Gu L, Ren W, Zhao J, Wang J, Guo E, Ge C, Wang C, Xu X, Wu Q, Yang G. Emergent Magnetic Phenomenon with Unconventional Structure in Epitaxial Manganate Thin Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100177. [PMID: 34258162 PMCID: PMC8261492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of emergent phenomena are enabled by interface engineering in the complex oxides heterostructures. While extensive attention is attracted to LaMnO3 (LMO) thin films for observing the control of functionalities at its interface with substrate, the nature of the magnetic phases in the thin film is, however, controversial. Here, it is reported that the ferromagnetism in two and five unit cells thick LMO films epitaxially deposited on (001)-SrTiO3 substrates, a ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic coupling in eight and ten unit cells ones, and a striking ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic pinning effect with apparent positive exchange bias in 15 and 20 unit cells ones are observed. This novel phenomenon in both 15 and 20 unit cells films indicates a coexistence of three magnetic orderings in a single LMO film. The high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy suggests a P21/n to Pbnm symmetry transition from interface to surface, with the spatial stratification of MnO6 octahedral morphology, corresponding to different magnetic orderings. These results can shed some new lights on manipulating the functionality of oxides by interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Yang
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Hongbao Yao
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yiru Ji
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenning Ren
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation FacilityInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation FacilityInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China
| | - Er‐Jia Guo
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Chen Ge
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Qiong Wu
- International Center for Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Guozhen Yang
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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26
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Lin S, Zhang Q, Sang X, Zhao J, Cheng S, Huon A, Jin Q, Chen S, Chen S, Cui W, Guo H, He M, Ge C, Wang C, Wang J, Fitzsimmons MR, Gu L, Zhu T, Jin K, Guo EJ. Dimensional Control of Octahedral Tilt in SrRuO 3 via Infinite-Layered Oxides. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3146-3154. [PMID: 33750141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of octahedral distortion at atomic scale is an effective means to tune the ground states of functional oxides. Previous work demonstrates that strain and film thickness are variable parameters to modify the octahedral parameters. However, selective control of bonding geometry by structural propagation from adjacent layers is rarely studied. Here we propose a new route to tune the ferromagnetism in SrRuO3 (SRO) ultrathin layers by oxygen coordination of adjacent SrCuO2 (SCO) layers. The infinite-layered CuO2 exhibits a structural transformation from "planar-type" to "chain-type" with reduced film thickness. Two orientations dramatically modify the polyhedral connectivity at the interface, thus altering the octahedral distortion of SRO. The local structural variation changes the spin state of Ru and orbital hybridization strength, leading to a significant change in the magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall resistivity. These findings could launch investigations into adaptive control of functionalities in quantum oxide heterostructures using oxygen coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiahan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing and Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Amanda Huon
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Qiao Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengru Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing and Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Michael R Fitzsimmons
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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27
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Yao L, Inkinen S, Komsa HP, van Dijken S. Structural Phase Transitions to 2D and 3D Oxygen Vacancy Patterns in a Perovskite Film Induced by Electrical and Mechanical Nanoprobing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006273. [PMID: 33590636 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancy migration and ordering in perovskite oxides enable manipulation of material properties through changes in the cation oxidation state and the crystal lattice. In thin-films, oxygen vacancies conventionally order into equally spaced planes. Here, it is shown that the planar 2D symmetry is broken if a mechanical nanoprobe restricts the chemical lattice expansion that the vacancies generate. Using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy, a transition from a perovskite structure to a 3D vacancy-ordered phase in an epitaxial La2/3 Sr1/3 MnO3- δ film during voltage pulsing under local mechanical straining is imaged. The never-before-seen ordering pattern consists of a complex network of distorted oxygen tetrahedra, pentahedra, and octahedra that, together, produce a corrugated atomic structure with lattice constants varying between 3.5 and 4.6 Å. The giant lattice distortions respond sensitively to strain variations, offering prospects for non-volatile nanoscale physical property control driven by voltage and gated by strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Yao
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Sampo Inkinen
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Sebastiaan van Dijken
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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28
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Chen B, Gauquelin N, Green RJ, Lee JH, Piamonteze C, Spreitzer M, Jannis D, Verbeeck J, Bibes M, Huijben M, Rijnders G, Koster G. Spatially Controlled Octahedral Rotations and Metal-Insulator Transitions in Nickelate Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1295-1302. [PMID: 33470113 PMCID: PMC7883389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The properties of correlated oxides can be manipulated by forming short-period superlattices since the layer thicknesses are comparable with the typical length scales of the involved correlations and interface effects. Herein, we studied the metal-insulator transitions (MITs) in tetragonal NdNiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices by controlling the NdNiO3 layer thickness, n in the unit cell, spanning the length scale of the interfacial octahedral coupling. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals a crossover from a modulated octahedral superstructure at n = 8 to a uniform nontilt pattern at n = 4, accompanied by a drastically weakened insulating ground state. Upon further reducing n the predominant dimensionality effect continuously raises the MIT temperature, while leaving the antiferromagnetic transition temperature unaltered down to n = 2. Remarkably, the MIT can be enhanced by imposing a sufficiently large strain even with strongly suppressed octahedral rotations. Our results demonstrate the relevance for the control of oxide functionalities at reduced dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Gauquelin
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert J. Green
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University
of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Stewart
Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University
of British Columbia, 111-2355 E Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud,
Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cinthia Piamonteze
- Swiss Light
Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matjaž Spreitzer
- Advanced
Materials Department, Jožef Stefan
Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daen Jannis
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Verbeeck
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud,
Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Mark Huijben
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Rijnders
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Koster
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- (G.K.)
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29
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Sohn W, Kim TL, Lee TH, Yoon S, Kim C, Yoo JW, Roh KC, Kim M, Jang HW. Suppression of metal-to-insulator transition using strong interfacial coupling at cubic and orthorhombic perovskite oxide heterointerfaces. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:708-715. [PMID: 33367436 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) evolved at the LaAlO3 (LAO)/SrTiO3 (STO) interface has attracted significant attention, because the insertion of perovskite titanates can tune the 2DEG conductivity. However, this depends on the Ti-O-Ti bonding angle and structural symmetry. In this study, we controlled the octahedral tilt of the LAO/CaTiO3 (CTO) interface by heterostructuring it with CTO grown on STO substrates of various thicknesses. The 2DEG was maintained when the thickness of CTO was below the critical thickness of 5 unit cells (uc); however, it was suppressed when the CTO thickness was above the critical thickness. High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM imaging was used to visualize the TiO6 octahedral tilt propagation and symmetry of the 5 uc and 24 uc CTO films. The symmetry of the 5 uc CTO film resembled that of the STO substrate, whereas the octahedral tilt propagated in the 24 uc CTO film due to the structural relaxation. These results show that the interface engineering of the octahedral tilt can enable or suppress the formation of the 2DEG in perovskite oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonbae Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea and Energy Storage Materials Centre, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Ludvic Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmoon Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungsoo Kim
- Technology of Analysis Centre, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Roh
- Energy Storage Materials Centre, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kim JR, Jang J, Go KJ, Park SY, Roh CJ, Bonini J, Kim J, Lee HG, Rabe KM, Lee JS, Choi SY, Noh TW, Lee D. Stabilizing hidden room-temperature ferroelectricity via a metastable atomic distortion pattern. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4944. [PMID: 33009380 PMCID: PMC7532175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonequilibrium atomic structures can host exotic and technologically relevant properties in otherwise conventional materials. Oxygen octahedral rotation forms a fundamental atomic distortion in perovskite oxides, but only a few patterns are predominantly present at equilibrium. This has restricted the range of possible properties and functions of perovskite oxides, necessitating the utilization of nonequilibrium patterns of octahedral rotation. Here, we report that a designed metastable pattern of octahedral rotation leads to robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in CaTiO3, which is otherwise nonpolar down to 0 K. Guided by density-functional theory, we selectively stabilize the metastable pattern, distinct from the equilibrium pattern and cooperative with ferroelectricity, in heteroepitaxial films of CaTiO3. Atomic-scale imaging combined with deep neural network analysis confirms a close correlation between the metastable pattern and ferroelectricity. This work reveals a hidden but functional pattern of oxygen octahedral rotation and opens avenues for designing multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rae Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoung-June Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Se Young Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 07027, Korea.
| | - Chang Jae Roh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - John Bonini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han Gyeol Lee
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Karin M Rabe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Daesu Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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31
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Zhang B, Wu L, Feng X, Li C, Miao X, Hui Y, Zhao K, Ding J, Jin B, Chen J, Zhu Y, Sun CJ, Chow GM. Tuning Irreversible Magnetoresistance in Pr 0.67Sr 0.33MnO 3 Film via Octahedral Rotation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43222-43230. [PMID: 32820885 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen octahedral rotation around the out-of-plane axis is explored to study its effect on metastable status, magnetic cluster glass in manganite. The antiphase rotation around the out-of-plane axis (TiO6 a0a0c-) of SrTiO3 enhances the Mn-O bond anisotropy along in-plane and out-of-plane directions and weakens the ferromagnetic interactions in a 12 nm Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film on the (001) SrTiO3 substrate, which together promote the formation of magnetic cluster-glassiness and enlarges the irreversible magnetoresistance (MR) effect with enhanced relaxation time of charge carriers. The effect of TiO6 a0a0c- in the SrTiO3 substrate on material properties is obvious with a large irreversible MR effect for thin films, which fades away with the increase in film thickness. At 10 K, the irreversible MR is 0.91 for the 12 nm film and 0.22 for the 30 nm film. This work extends current understanding on interfacial coupling to metastable status and could help explore other systems in the perovskite structure with octahedral rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangmin Zhang
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Chun Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinyang Miao
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yajuan Hui
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Kun Zhao
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Biaobing Jin
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gan Moog Chow
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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32
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Huang H, Lee SJ, Kim B, Sohn B, Kim C, Kao CC, Lee JS. Detection of the Chiral Spin Structure in Ferromagnetic SrRuO 3 Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37757-37763. [PMID: 32696641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SrRuO3 (SRO) thin films and their heterostructure have attracted much attention because of the recently demonstrated fascinating properties, such as topological Hall effect and skyrmions. Critical to the understanding of those SRO properties is the study of the spin configuration. Here, we conduct resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSXS) at the oxygen K edge to investigate the spin configuration of a four-unit-cell SRO film that was grown epitaxially on a single-crystal SrTiO3. The RSXS signal under a magnetic field (∼0.4 tesla) clearly shows a magnetic dichroism pattern around the specular reflection. Model calculations on the RSXS signal demonstrate that the magnetic dichroism pattern originates from a Néel-type chiral spin structure in this SRO thin film. We believe that the observed spin structure of the SRO system is a critical piece of information for understanding its intriguing magnetic and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Bongju Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Byungmin Sohn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chi-Chang Kao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jun-Sik Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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33
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Kumar D, David A, Fouchet A, Pautrat A, Boullay P, Jung CU, Prellier W. Strong Magnetic Anisotropy of Epitaxial PrVO 3 Thin Films on SrTiO 3 Substrates with Different Orientations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35606-35613. [PMID: 32805796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have probed the structural and magnetic properties of PrVO3 (PVO) thin films grown on the (001)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. By changing the substrate orientation, the film out-of-plane orientation can be tuned to [110], [100]/[010], and [011]/[311], with different in-plane crystallographic variants. Accommodation of these variants on the different substrates implies different strain states, which have direct influence on the magnetic properties of PVO films. The magnetic moment of PVO films radically enhances from 0.4 μB/f.u. for STO(001) to 2.3 μB/f.u. for STO(111). While films on the (001)-oriented STO substrate display out-of-plane anisotropy, an in-plane anisotropy is observed for films grown on the (110)- and (111)-oriented STO substrates. In addition, a strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is also extracted for a partially relaxed film on the (110)-oriented STO substrate. Such findings can help oxide community for the better understanding of magnetic anisotropy in vanadate thin films, a subject that still suffer from significant lack of scientific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
| | - Adrian David
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
| | - Arnaud Fouchet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
| | - Alain Pautrat
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
| | - Philippe Boullay
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
| | - Chang Uk Jung
- Department of Physics, Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17035, Korea
| | - Wilfrid Prellier
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, Caen Cedex 4 F-14050, France
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34
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Jeong SG, Han G, Song S, Min T, Mohamed AY, Park S, Lee J, Jeong HY, Kim Y, Cho D, Choi WS. Propagation Control of Octahedral Tilt in SrRuO 3 via Artificial Heterostructuring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001643. [PMID: 32832374 PMCID: PMC7435247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bonding geometry engineering of metal-oxygen octahedra is a facile way of tailoring various functional properties of transition metal oxides. Several approaches, including epitaxial strain, thickness, and stoichiometry control, have been proposed to efficiently tune the rotation and tilt of the octahedra, but these approaches are inevitably accompanied by unnecessary structural modifications such as changes in thin-film lattice parameters. In this study, a method to selectively engineer the octahedral bonding geometries is proposed, while maintaining other parameters that might implicitly influence the functional properties. A concept of octahedral tilt propagation engineering is developed using atomically designed SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (SRO/STO) superlattices. In particular, the propagation of RuO6 octahedral tilt within the SRO layers having identical thicknesses is systematically controlled by varying the thickness of adjacent STO layers. This leads to a substantial modification in the electromagnetic properties of the SRO layer, significantly enhancing the magnetic moment of Ru. This approach provides a method to selectively manipulate the bonding geometry of strongly correlated oxides, thereby enabling a better understanding and greater controllability of their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyo Jeong
- Department of PhysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtak Han
- Department of Energy SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Korea
| | - Sehwan Song
- Department of PhysicsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Korea
| | - Taewon Min
- Department of PhysicsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Korea
| | - Ahmed Yousef Mohamed
- IPIT and Department of PhysicsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of PhysicsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of PhysicsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan44919Korea
| | - Young‐Min Kim
- Department of Energy SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Korea
| | - Deok‐Yong Cho
- IPIT and Department of PhysicsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of PhysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
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35
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van Thiel TC, Fowlie J, Autieri C, Manca N, Šiškins M, Afanasiev D, Gariglio S, Caviglia AD. Coupling Lattice Instabilities Across the Interface in Ultrathin Oxide Heterostructures. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:389-394. [PMID: 32478332 PMCID: PMC7254603 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxide heterointerfaces constitute a rich platform for realizing novel functionalities in condensed matter. A key aspect is the strong link between structural and electronic properties, which can be modified by interfacing materials with distinct lattice symmetries. Here, we determine the effect of the cubic-tetragonal distortion of SrTiO3 on the electronic properties of thin films of SrIrO3, a topological crystalline metal hosting a delicate interplay between spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations. We demonstrate that below the transition temperature at 105 K, SrIrO3 orthorhombic domains couple directly to tetragonal domains in SrTiO3. This forces the in-phase rotational axis to lie in-plane and creates a binary domain structure in the SrIrO3 film. The close proximity to the metal-insulator transition in ultrathin SrIrO3 causes the individual domains to have strongly anisotropic transport properties, driven by a reduction of bandwidth along the in-phase axis. The strong structure-property relationships in perovskites make these compounds particularly suitable for static and dynamic coupling at interfaces, providing a promising route towards realizing novel functionalities in oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry C. van Thiel
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Fowlie
- Department
of Quantum Matter Physics, University of
Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Carmine Autieri
- International
Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Superconduttori,
Materiali Innovativi e Dispositivi (CNR-SPIN), c/o Università G. D’Annunzio, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Manca
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dmytro Afanasiev
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Gariglio
- Department
of Quantum Matter Physics, University of
Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrea D. Caviglia
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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36
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Cui Z, Grutter AJ, Zhou H, Cao H, Dong Y, Gilbert DA, Wang J, Liu YS, Ma J, Hu Z, Guo J, Xia J, Kirby BJ, Shafer P, Arenholz E, Chen H, Zhai X, Lu Y. Correlation-driven eightfold magnetic anisotropy in a two-dimensional oxide monolayer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay0114. [PMID: 32300646 PMCID: PMC7148107 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineering magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional systems has enormous scientific and technological implications. The uniaxial anisotropy universally exhibited by two-dimensional magnets has only two stable spin directions, demanding 180° spin switching between states. We demonstrate a previously unobserved eightfold anisotropy in magnetic SrRuO3 monolayers by inducing a spin reorientation in (SrRuO3)1/(SrTiO3) N superlattices, in which the magnetic easy axis of Ru spins is transformed from uniaxial 〈001〉 direction (N < 3) to eightfold 〈111〉 directions (N ≥ 3). This eightfold anisotropy enables 71° and 109° spin switching in SrRuO3 monolayers, analogous to 71° and 109° polarization switching in ferroelectric BiFeO3. First-principle calculations reveal that increasing the SrTiO3 layer thickness induces an emergent correlation-driven orbital ordering, tuning spin-orbit interactions and reorienting the SrRuO3 monolayer easy axis. Our work demonstrates that correlation effects can be exploited to substantially change spin-orbit interactions, stabilizing unprecedented properties in two-dimensional magnets and opening rich opportunities for low-power, multistate device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzhang Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Alexander J. Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hui Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dustin A. Gilbert
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiaji Ma
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Zhenpeng Hu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brian J. Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hanghui Chen
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physical and Material Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Jo J, Nallagatlla VR, Acharya SK, Kang Y, Kim Y, Yoon S, Lee S, Baik H, Han S, Kim M, Jung CU. Effects of the Heterointerface on the Growth Characteristics of a Brownmillerite SrFeO 2.5 Thin Film Grown on SrRuO 3 and SrTiO 3 Perovskites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3807. [PMID: 32123253 PMCID: PMC7052257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of the heterointerfacial structure and/or chemistry of transition metal oxides is of great interest for the development of novel properties. However, few studies have focused on heterointerfacial effects on the growth characteristics of oxide thin films, although such interfacial engineering is crucial to determine the growth dynamics and physical properties of oxide heterostructures. Herein, we show that heterointerfacial effects play key roles in determining the growth process of oxide thin films by overcoming the simple epitaxial strain energy. Brownmillerite (SrFeO2.5; BM-SFO) thin films are epitaxially grown along the b-axis on both SrTiO3(001) and SrRuO3/SrTiO3(001) substrates, whereas growth along the a-axis is expected from conventional epitaxial strain effects originating from lattice mismatch with the substrates. Scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements and first principles calculations reveal that these peculiar growth characteristics of BM-SFO thin films originate from the heterointerfacial effects governed by their distinct interfacial structures. These include octahedral connectivity between dissimilar oxides containing different chemical species and a peculiar transition layer for BM-SFO/SrRuO3/SrTiO3(001) and BM-SFO/SrTiO3(001) heterostructures, respectively. These effects enable subtle control of the growth process of oxide thin films and could facilitate the fabrication of novel functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Venkata Raveendra Nallagatlla
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Centre, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Susant Kumar Acharya
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Centre, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmoon Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwu Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Uk Jung
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Centre, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Gu Y, Song C, Zhang Q, Li F, Tan H, Xu K, Li J, Saleem MS, Fayaz MU, Peng J, Hu F, Gu L, Liu W, Zhang Z, Pan F. Interfacial Control of Ferromagnetism in Ultrathin SrRuO 3 Films Sandwiched between Ferroelectric BaTiO 3 Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6707-6715. [PMID: 31927907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between materials provide an intellectually rich arena for fundamental scientific discovery and device design. However, the frustration of magnetization and conductivity of perovskite oxide films under reduced dimensionality is detrimental to their device performance, preventing their active low-dimensional application. Herein, by inserting the ultrathin 4d ferromagnetic SrRuO3 layer between ferroelectric BaTiO3 layers to form a sandwich heterostructure, we observe enhanced physical properties in ultrathin SrRuO3 films, including longitudinal conductivity, Curie temperature, and saturated magnetic moment. Especially, the saturated magnetization can be enhanced to ∼3.12 μB/Ru in ultrathin BaTiO3/SrRuO3/BaTiO3 trilayers, which is beyond the theoretical limit of bulk value (2 μB/Ru). This observation is attributed to the synergistic ferroelectric proximity effect (SFPE) at upper and lower BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterointerfaces, as revealed by the high-resolution lattice structure analysis. This SFPE in dual-ferroelectric interface cooperatively induces ferroelectric-like lattice distortions in RuO6 oxygen octahedra and subsequent spin-state crossover in SrRuO3, which in turn accounts for the observed enhanced magnetization. Besides the fundamental significance of interface-induced spin-lattice coupling, our findings also provide a viable route to the electrical control of magnetic ordering, taking a step toward low-power applications in all-oxide spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics , Halle (Saale) D-06120 , Germany
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics , Halle (Saale) D-06120 , Germany
| | - Kun Xu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Muhammad Shahrukh Saleem
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Muhammad Umer Fayaz
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Fengxia Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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39
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Li W, Zhu B, He Q, Borisevich AY, Yun C, Wu R, Lu P, Qi Z, Wang Q, Chen A, Wang H, Cavill SA, Zhang KHL, MacManus‐Driscoll JL. Interface Engineered Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Insulating State in Ultrathin Manganite Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901606. [PMID: 31921553 PMCID: PMC6947487 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin epitaxial films of ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) with Curie temperatures near room temperature are critically needed for use in dissipationless quantum computation and spintronic devices. However, such materials are extremely rare. Here, a room-temperature FMI is achieved in ultrathin La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 films grown on SrTiO3 substrates via an interface proximity effect. Detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy images clearly demonstrate that MnO6 octahedral rotations in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 close to the interface are strongly suppressed. As determined from in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, O K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory, the realization of the FMI state arises from a reduction of Mn eg bandwidth caused by the quenched MnO6 octahedral rotations. The emerging FMI state in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 together with necessary coherent interface achieved with the perovskite substrate gives very high potential for future high performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Bonan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Qian He
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Albina Y. Borisevich
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Chao Yun
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National LaboratoryAlbuquerqueNM87185USA
| | - Zhimin Qi
- School of Materials EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Physics and AstronomyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated NanotechnologiesLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Stuart A. Cavill
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
- Diamond Light SourceDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Kelvin H. L. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Judith L. MacManus‐Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
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40
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Modulation of metal-insulator transitions of NdNiO 3/LaNiO 3/NdNiO 3 trilayers via thickness control of the LaNiO 3 layer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20145. [PMID: 31882979 PMCID: PMC6934756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, manipulating the metal-insulator (MI) transition in perovskite oxides (ABO3) via an external control parameter has been attempted for practical purposes, but with limited success. The substitution of A-site cations is the most widely used technique to tune the MI transition. However, this method introduces unintended disorder, blurring the intrinsic properties. The present study reports the modulation of MI transitions in [10 nm-NdNiO3/t-LaNiO3/10 nm-NdNiO3/SrTiO3 (100)] trilayers (t = 5, 7, 10, and 20 nm) via the control of the LaNiO3 thickness. Upon an increase in the thickness of the LaNiO3 layer, the MI transition temperature undergoes a systematic decrease, demonstrating that bond disproportionation, the MI, and antiferromagnetic transitions are modulated by the LaNiO3 thickness. Because the bandwidth and the MI transition are determined by the Ni-O-Ni bond angle, this unexpected behavior suggests the transfer of the bond angle from the lower layer into the upper. The bond-angle transfer eventually induces a structural change of the orthorhombic structure of the middle LaNiO3 layer to match the structure of the bottom and the top NdNiO3, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. This engineering layer sequence opens a novel pathway to the manipulation of the key properties of oxide nickelates, such as the bond disproportionation, the MI transition, and unconventional antiferromagnetism with no impact of disorder.
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41
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Ji Y, Qi Z, Misra S, Jin R, Ou X, Lin Y, Yang H, Wang H. Breaking Lattice Symmetry in Highly Strained Epitaxial VO 2 Films on Faceted Nanosurface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44905-44912. [PMID: 31738511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lattice symmetry of strongly correlated oxide heterostructures determines their exotic physical properties by coupling the degrees of freedom between lattices and electrons, orbitals, and spin states. Systematic studies on VO2, a Mott insulator, have previously revealed that lattice distortion can be manipulated by the interfacial strain and electronic phase separation can emerge. However, typical epitaxial film-substrate interface strain provides a very limited range for exploring such interface-engineered phenomena. Herein, epitaxially grown VO2 thin films on asymmetrically faceted m-plane sapphire substrates with the hill-and-valley type surfaces have been demonstrated. Interestingly, lattice symmetry breaking has been proven based on the large residual strain from the different faceted planes. By this lattice symmetry breaking, electronic phase separation and metal-insulator transition in the VO2 films are modulated, and anisotropy in optical responses is exhibited. These results on asymmetrical interfacial engineering in oxide heterostructures open up new routes for novel functional materials design and functional electro/optic device nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanda Ji
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 211106 Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Qi
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Shikhar Misra
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Rongqiang Jin
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 211106 Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Xin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200250 Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , 610054 Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 211106 Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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42
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Zhang B, Huang J, Jian J, Rutherford BX, Li L, Misra S, Sun X, Wang H. Tuning magnetic anisotropy in Co-BaZrO 3 vertically aligned nanocomposites for memory device integration. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4450-4458. [PMID: 36134413 PMCID: PMC9417828 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic nanostructures with strong anisotropic properties are highly desired for their potential integration into spintronic devices. Several anisotropic candidates, such as CoFeB and Fe-Pt, have been previously proposed, but many of them have limitations such as patterning issues or thickness restrictions. In this work, Co-BaZrO3 (Co-BZO) vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) films with tunable magnetic anisotropy and coercive field strength have been demonstrated to address this need. Such tunable magnetic properties are achieved through tuning the thickness of the Co-BZO VAN structures and the aspect ratio of the Co nanostructures, which can be easily integrated into spintronic devices. As a demonstration, we have integrated the Co-BZO VAN nanostructure into tunnel junction devices, which demonstrated resistive switching alluding to Co-BZO's immense potential for future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Jijie Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Jie Jian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Bethany X Rutherford
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Leigang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Shikhar Misra
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Xing Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2045 USA
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43
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Cao Y, Tu Y, Zhou P, Zhang J, Deng Y, Kong B, Zhang X, Guo S, Zhu R, Ma D, Yang Y, Mo F. Zn +-O - Dual-Spin Surface State Formation by Modification of ZnO Nanoparticles with Diboron Compounds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14173-14179. [PMID: 31411486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ZnO semiconductor oxides are versatile functional materials that are used in photoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, etc. The Zn+-O- surface electronic states of semiconductor oxides were formed on the ZnO surface by Zn 4s and O 2p orbital coupling with the diboron compound's B 2p orbitals. The formation of spin-coupled surface states was based on the spin-orbit interaction on the interface, which has not been reported before. This shows that the semiconductor oxide's spin surface states can be modulated by regulating surface orbital energy. The Zn+-O- surface electronic states were confirmed by electron spin resonance results, which may help in expanding the fundamental research on spintronics modulation and quantum transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yongguang Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuchen Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Biao Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , California State University , Northridge , California 91330 , United States
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Jiangsu Donghai Silicon Industry S&T Innovation Center , Donghai County, Jiangsu 222300 , China
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44
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Zhang J, Ji WJ, Xu J, Gu ZB, Chen YB, Zhang ST. Crossover from negative to positive magnetoresistance in Sr 2CrWO 6/Sr 2Fe 10/9Mo 8/9O 6 superlattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:225001. [PMID: 30822772 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0bf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sr2CrWO6/Sr2Fe10/9Mo8/9O6 (SCWO/SFMO) superlattices with 4, 6, 7, 10 periods (abbreviated as S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4) were prepared on (0 0 1) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. All superlattices show macroscopic ferromagnetic behavior, and the magnetization increases with increasing period. The S-1 superlattice demonstrates semiconductor-like temperature-dependent resistivity in the whole measuring temperature range and negative magnetoresistance of -5.3% at 2 K with 2 T magnetic field, while the other superlattices illustrate metallic behaviors and increasing positive magnetoresistance of 223.1%, 275.4%, and 766.1% under the same conditions. This work not only provides a feasible way to tune the MR effect in magnetic perovskite oxides, but also may stimulate further work on artificially micro-structured thin films with designable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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45
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Liu Q, Miao J, Xu Z, Meng K, Xu X, Wu Y, Jiang Y. Temperature dependent rectification of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/La0.7Te0.3MnO3 perovskite p-i-n junctions with ferroelectric barrier. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Lan D, Chen B, Qu L, Jin F, Guo Z, Xu L, Zhang K, Gao G, Chen F, Jin S, Wang L, Wu W. Interfacial Engineering of Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Manganite/Ruthenate Superlattices via Interlayer Chemical Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10399-10408. [PMID: 30775907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity effects are the two essential routes to trigger and tune numerous functionalities of perovskite oxide heterostructures. However, the cooperation and competition of these two interfacial effects in one epitaxial system have not been fully understood. Herein, we fabricate a series of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/CaRuO3 superlattices and introduce various chemical doping in the nonmagnetic CaRuO3 interlayers. We found that Ti, Sr, and La doping in the CaRuO3 layer can effectively tune the interfacial charge transfer and octahedral rotation, thus modulating the ferromagnetism of the superlattices. Specifically, the B-site Ti doping depletes the Ru 4d band and suppresses the interfacial charge transfer, leading to a decay of ferromagnetic Curie temperature ( TC). In contrast, the A-site Sr doping maintains a sizable charge transfer and meanwhile suppresses the octahedral rotation, which facilitates ferromagnetism and significantly enhances the TC up to 291 K. The La doping turns out to localize the itinerant electrons in the CaRuO3 layer, which suppresses both the interfacial charge transfer and ferromagnetism. The observed intriguing interfacial engineering of magnetism would pave a new way to understand the collective effects of interfacial charge transfer and structural proximity on the physical properties of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - LiLi Qu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Jin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Kexuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Guanyin Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Shaowei Jin
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Hefei Science Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
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47
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Sahoo A, Prellier W, Padhan P. Ultrathin Scale Tailoring of Anisotropic Magnetic Coupling and Anomalous Magnetoresistance in SrRuO 3-PrMnO 3 Superlattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44190-44196. [PMID: 30474952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (PMA) in antiferromagnetically coupled SrRuO3(17 uc (unit cell))/PrMnO3( n uc) superlattices effectively reconstructs the interfacial spin ordering. The occurrence of significant anisotropic interfacial antiferromagnetic coupling between the Ru and Mn ions is systematically tuned by varying the PrMnO3 layer thickness in ultrathin scale from 3 to 12 uc, which is associated with a rise in PMA energy from 0.28 × 106 to 1.60 × 106 erg/cm3. The analysis using the Stoner-Wohlfarth model and density functional theory confirm that the exchange anisotropy is the major contribution to the PMA. The superlattices with PrMnO3 layer thickness ≥7 uc exhibit the tunneling-like transport of Ru 4d electrons, which is rather expected in the stronger antiferromagnetically coupled superlattices with thinner PrMnO3 layer. Tunneling-like transport at thicker spacer layer in the SrRuO3-PrMnO3 superlattice system is an unique feature of two ferromagnet-based superlattices. Our investigations show that the technologically important interfacial magnetic coupling, PMA, and tunneling magnetoresistance could be achieved in a periodically stacked bilayer and can be precisely manipulated by the size effect in ultrathin scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarjami Sahoo
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Wilfrid Prellier
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN , 6 Bd du Marechal Juin , F-14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Prahallad Padhan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , Tamil Nadu , India
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48
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Three-dimensional atomic scale electron density reconstruction of octahedral tilt epitaxy in functional perovskites. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5220. [PMID: 30523251 PMCID: PMC6283878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Octahedral tilts are the most ubiquitous distortions in perovskite-related structures that can dramatically influence ferroelectric, magnetic, and electronic properties; yet the paradigm of tilt epitaxy in thin films is barely explored. Non-destructively characterizing such epitaxy in three-dimensions for low symmetry complex tilt systems composed of light anions is a formidable challenge. Here we demonstrate that the interfacial tilt epitaxy can transform ultrathin calcium titanate, a non-polar earth-abundant mineral, into high-temperature polar oxides that last above 900 K. The comprehensive picture of octahedral tilts and polar distortions is revealed by reconstructing the three-dimensional electron density maps across film-substrate interfaces with atomic resolution using coherent Bragg rod analysis. The results are complemented with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, film superstructure reflections, and are in excellent agreement with density functional theory. The study could serve as a broader template for non-destructive, three-dimensional atomic resolution probing of complex low symmetry functional interfaces. In complex oxides, oxygen octahedra are major structural motifs and their tilts sensitively determine the material’s physical properties. Exploiting Coherent Bragg Rod Analysis enables 3D mapping of complex tilt patterns and reveals the means to control polarization through them in CaTiO3 thin films.
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49
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Liu H, Dong Y, Xu D, Karapetrova E, Lee S, Stan L, Zapol P, Zhou H, Fong DD. Dynamic Field Modulation of the Octahedral Framework in Metal Oxide Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804775. [PMID: 30370580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Control over the oxygen octahedral framework is widely recognized as key to the design of functional properties in perovskite oxide heterostructures. Although the oxygen octahedral framework can be manipulated during synthesis, the as-grown oxygen octahedra generally remain fixed, preventing the development of adaptive behavior in electronic and ionotronic systems. Here, it is demonstrated that the oxygen octahedral framework can be dynamically and reversibly manipulated by an electric field through the coupling with oxygen vacancies. Studying model WO3 heterostructures during ionic liquid gating with a combination of in situ X-ray scattering and spectroscopy, it is shown that large changes in electronic properties can arise due to the increased flexibility of the octahedral network at high vacancy concentrations. The results describe a generic framework for the construction of dynamic systems and devices with an array of field-tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Evguenia Karapetrova
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sungsik Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Liliana Stan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peter Zapol
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
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50
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Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang Q, Han F, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Huang H, Qi S, Yan X, Gu L, Chen Y, Hu F, Yan S, Liu B, Shen B, Sun J. Magnetic Anisotropy Controlled by Distinct Interfacial Lattice Distortions at the La 1- xSr xCoO 3/La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3 Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40951-40957. [PMID: 30338983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is an important approach leading to multifunctional artificial materials. Although most of the previous works focused on the effects of the rotation/tilting of interfacial oxygen octahedron on perovskite multilayers, here, we report on a new kind of lattice distortion characterized by an off-center shift of the Mn ions within the MnO6 oxygen octahedra at the interfaces of La1- xSr xCoO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La1- xSr xCoO3/LaAlO3 trilayers ( x = 0-1/3), which drives the initially perpendicularly aligned magnetic axis of the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) film toward the in-plane direction, though the film is in a strongly compressive state. It is further found that the magnetic anisotropy considerably depends on the content of Sr in La1- xSr xCoO3, enhancing as x decreases. The maximal anisotropy constant at 10 K is +2.5 × 106 erg/cm3 for the trilayers with x = 0, whereas it is -1.5 × 105 erg/cm3 for a bare LSMO film on LaAlO3. On the basis of the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the results of density functional theory calculations, we found that the off-center displacement of the Mn ions has caused a strong orbital reconstruction at interfaces, resulting in the anomalous spin orientation against magnetoelastic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansha Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shishen Yan
- Spintronics Institute , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Banggui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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