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Gracia J, Biz C, Fianchini M. Quantum fundaments of catalysis: true electronic potential energy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39158518 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Catalysis is a quantum phenomenon enthalpically driven by electronic correlations with many-particle effects in all of its branches, including electro-photo-catalysis and electron transfer. This means that only probability amplitudes provide a complete relationship between the state of catalysis and observations. Thus, in any atomic system material), competing space-time electronic interactions coexist to define its (related) properties such as stability, (super)conductivity, magnetism (spin-orbital ordering), chemisorption and catalysis. Catalysts, reactants, and chemisorbed and transition states have the possibility of optimizing quantum correlations to improve reaction kinetics. Active sites with closed-shell orbital configurations share a maximum number of spin-paired electrons, mainly optimizing coulombic attractions and covalency and defining weakly correlated closed-shell (WCCS) structures. However, in compositions with open-shell orbital configurations, at least, quantum spin exchange interactions (QSEIopenshells) arise, stabilising unpaired electrons in less covalent bonds and differentiating non-weakly (or strongly) correlated open-shell (NWCOS) systems. In NWCOS catalysts, electronic ground states can have bonds with diverse and rival spin-orbital orderings as well as ferro-, ferri- and multiple antiferro-magnetic textures, which deeply define their activities. Particularly in inter-atomic ferromagnetic (FM) bonds, the increase in relevance of non-classical quantum potentials can significantly optimize chemisorption energies, transition states (TSs), activation energies (overpotential) and spin-dependent electron transfer (conductivity), overall implying the need for explaining the thermodynamic and kinetic origin of catalysis from its true quantum electronic energy. To do so, we use the connection between the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and Virial theorem in the treatment of electronic kinetic and potential energies. Thus, the exact fundamental interactions that decompose TSs appear. The possibility of increasing the stabilization of TSs, due to quantum correlations on NWCO catalysts, opens the possibility of simultaneously reducing chemisorption enthalpies and activation barriers of reaction mechanisms, which implies the anticipation and explanation of positive deviations from the Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gracia
- MagnetoCat SL, Calle General Polavieja 9, 3 Izq 03012 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Chiara Biz
- MagnetoCat SL, Calle General Polavieja 9, 3 Izq 03012 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- MagnetoCat SL, Calle General Polavieja 9, 3 Izq 03012 Alicante, Spain.
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2
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Blanco-Rey M, Castrillo R, Ali K, Gargiani P, Ilyn M, Gastaldo M, Paradinas M, Valbuena MA, Mugarza A, Ortega JE, Schiller F, Fernández L. The Role of Rare-Earth Atoms in the Anisotropy and Antiferromagnetic Exchange Coupling at a Hybrid Metal-Organic Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402328. [PMID: 39150001 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic anisotropy and magnetic exchange interactions are crucial parameters that characterize the hybrid metal-organic interface, a key component of an organic spintronic device. It is shown that the incorporation of 4f RE atoms to hybrid metal-organic interfaces of CuPc/REAu2 type (RE = Gd, Ho) constitutes a feasible approach toward on-demand magnetic properties and functionalities. The GdAu2 and HoAu2 substrates differ in their magnetic anisotropy behavior. Remarkably, the HoAu2 surface promotes the inherent out-of-plane anisotropy of CuPc, owing to the match between the anisotropy axis of substrate and molecule. Furthermore, the presence of RE atoms leads to a spontaneous antiferromagnetic exchange coupling at the interface, induced by the 3d-4f superexchange interaction between the unpaired 3d electron of CuPc and the 4f electrons of the RE atoms. It is shown that 4f RE atoms with unquenched quantum orbital momentum ( L $L$ ), as it is the case of Ho, induce an anisotropic interfacial exchange coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Blanco-Rey
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Castrillo
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Khadiza Ali
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Maxim Ilyn
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Michele Gastaldo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Markos Paradinas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
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3
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Zhang Y, Torres-Cavanillas R, Yan X, Zeng Y, Jiang M, Clemente-León M, Coronado E, Shi S. Spin crossover iron complexes with spin transition near room temperature based on nitrogen ligands containing aromatic rings: from molecular design to functional devices. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39072682 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
During last decades, significant advances have been made in iron-based spin crossover (SCO) complexes, with a particular emphasis on achieving reversible and reproducible thermal hysteresis at room temperature (RT). This pursuit represents a pivotal goal within the field of molecular magnetism, aiming to create molecular devices capable of operating in ambient conditions. Here, we summarize the recent progress of iron complexes with spin transition near RT based on nitrogen ligands containing aromatic rings from molecular design to functional devices. Specifically, we discuss the various factors, including supramolecular interactions, crystal packing, guest molecules and pressure effects, that could influence its cooperativity and the spin transition temperature. Furthermore, the most recent advances in their implementation as mechanical actuators, switching/memories, sensors, and other devices, have been introduced as well. Finally, we give a perspective on current challenges and future directions in SCO community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Ramón Torres-Cavanillas
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Yixun Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Miguel Clemente-León
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Shengwei Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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4
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Nowik-Boltyk EM, Junghoefer T, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Shu C, Rajca A, Droghetti A, Casu MB. Radical-Induced Changes in Transition Metal Interfacial Magnetic Properties: A Blatter Derivative on Polycrystalline Cobalt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403495. [PMID: 38843268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we study the interface obtained by depositing a monolayer of a Blatter radical derivative on polycrystalline cobalt. By examining the occupied and unoccupied states at the interface, using soft X-ray techniques, combined with electronic structure calculations, we could simultaneously determine the electronic structure of both the molecular and ferromagnetic sides of the interface, thus obtaining a full understanding of the interfacial magnetic properties. We found that the molecule is strongly hybridized with the surface. Changes in the core level spectra reflect the modification of the molecule and the cobalt electronic structures inducing a decrease in the magnetic moment of the cobalt atoms bonded to the molecules which, in turn, lose their radical character. Our method allowed us to screen, beforehand, organic/ferromagnetic interfaces given their potential applications in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Andrea Droghetti
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, D02, Ireland
| | - M Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Gnoli L, Benini M, Del Conte C, Riminucci A, Rakshit RK, Singh M, Sanna S, Yadav R, Lin KW, Mezzi A, Achilli S, Molteni E, Marino M, Fratesi G, Dediu V, Bergenti I. Enhancement of Magnetic Stability in Antiferromagnetic CoO Films by Adsorption of Organic Molecules. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:3138-3146. [PMID: 38828040 PMCID: PMC11137817 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnets are a class of magnetic materials of great interest in spintronic devices because of their stability and ultrafast dynamics. When interfaced with an organic molecular layer, antiferromagnetic (AF) films are expected to form a spinterface that can allow fine control of specific AF properties. In this paper, we investigate spinterface effects on CoO, an AF oxide. To access the magnetic state of the antiferromagnet, we couple it to a ferromagnetic Co film via an exchange bias (EB) effect. In this way, the formation of a spinterface is detected through changes induced on the CoO/Co EB system. We demonstrate that C60 and Gaq3 adsorption on CoO shifts its blocking temperature; in turn, an increase in both the EB fields and the coercivities is observed on the EB-coupled Co layer. Ab initio calculations for the CoO/C60 interface indicate that the molecular adsorption is responsible for a charge redistribution on the CoO layer that alters the occupation of the d orbitals of Co atoms and, to a smaller extent, the p orbitals of oxygen. As a result, the AF coupling between Co atoms in the CoO is enhanced. Considering the granular nature of CoO, a larger AF stability upon molecular adsorption is then associated with a larger number of AF grains that are stable upon reversal of the Co layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gnoli
- CNR
ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Del Conte
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “A. Righi”, University of Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Manju Singh
- CNR
ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele Sanna
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “A. Righi”, University of Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roshni Yadav
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Wei Lin
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- CNR
ISMN, Via Salaria km
29.300, 00015 Monterotondo
Scalo, Italy
| | - Simona Achilli
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Molteni
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Tacconi L, Leiszner SS, Briganti M, Cucinotta G, Otero E, Mannini M, Perfetti M. Temperature Induced Reversible Switching of the Magnetic Anisotropy in a Neodymium Complex Adsorbed on Graphite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401627. [PMID: 38773906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the magnetic anisotropy of molecular layers assembled on a surface is one of the challenges that needs to be addressed to create the next-generation spintronic devices. Recently, metal complexes that show a reversible solid-state switch of their magnetic anisotropy in response to physical stimuli, such as temperature and magnetic field, have been discovered. The complex Nd(trensal) (H3trensal = 2,2',2''-tris(salicylideneimino)triethylamine) is predicted to exhibit such property. An ultra-thin film of Nd(trensal) is deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite as a proof-of-concept system to show that this property can be retained at the nanoscale on a layered material. By combining single crystal magnetometric measurements and synchrotron X-ray-based absorption techniques, supported by multiplet ligand field simulations based on the trigonal crystal field surrounding the lanthanide centre, it is demonstrated that changing the temperature reverses the magnetic anisotropy of an ordered film of Nd(trensal), thus opening significant perspectives for the realization of a novel family of temperature-controlled molecular spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tacconi
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Sofie S Leiszner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cucinotta
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron, SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91190, France
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mauro Perfetti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze & INSTM RU of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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7
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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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8
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Guo L, Gu X, Hu S, Sun W, Zhang R, Qin Y, Meng K, Lu X, Liu Y, Wang J, Ma P, Zhang C, Guo A, Yang T, Yang X, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang K, Mi W, Zhang C, Jiang L, Liu L, Zheng K, Qin W, Yan W, Sun X. Strain-restricted transfer of ferromagnetic electrodes for constructing reproducibly superior-quality spintronic devices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:865. [PMID: 38286850 PMCID: PMC10824775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spintronic device is the fundamental platform for spin-related academic and practical studies. However, conventional techniques with energetic deposition or boorish transfer of ferromagnetic metal inevitably introduce uncontrollable damage and undesired contamination in various spin-transport-channel materials, leading to partially attenuated and widely distributed spintronic device performances. These issues will eventually confuse the conclusions of academic studies and limit the practical applications of spintronics. Here we propose a polymer-assistant strain-restricted transfer technique that allows perfectly transferring the pre-patterned ferromagnetic electrodes onto channel materials without any damage and change on the properties of magnetism, interface, and channel. This technique is found productive for pursuing superior-quality spintronic devices with high controllability and reproducibility. It can also apply to various-kind (organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic hybrid, or carbon-based) and diverse-morphology (smooth, rough, even discontinuous) channel materials. This technique can be very useful for reliable device construction and will facilitate the technological transition of spintronic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Mi
- School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sarkar S, Kumar A, Cho D. Spin-polarized electrical transport properties of organic radicals in presence of zigzag-graphene nanoribbon leads. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044703. [PMID: 38265086 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work delves into the spin-polarized transport property of organic radicals sandwiched between two zigzag-graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes by employing density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function technique. We demonstrated that the magnetic center(s) of the radical can manipulate the localized edge states of the ZGNR in the scattering region, causing ferromagnetic coupling. Such manipulation of the magnetic edges results in a high spin-filter effect in molecular junctions, and even the antiferromagnetic diradicals serve as nearly perfect spin filters. We have confirmed that this is a general phenomenon of ZGNR by analyzing two antiferromagnetic diradicals and a doublet. The spin-polarized density of states, transmission spectra, and current vs voltage curves of the systems provide strong evidence for our findings. This research strongly suggests that ZGNRs attached with organic radicals could be the perfect building blocks for spintronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ameet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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10
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Meng X, Möller J, Menchón RE, Weismann A, Sánchez-Portal D, Garcia-Lekue A, Herges R, Berndt R. Kondo Effect of Co-Porphyrin: Remarkable Sensitivity to Adsorption Sites and Orientations. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:180-186. [PMID: 38150551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the Kondo effect of cobalt(II)-5-15-bis(4'-bromophenyl)-10,20-bis(4'-iodophenyl)porphyrin (CoTPPBr2I2) molecules on Au(111) with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The molecules exhibit four adsorption configurations at the top and bridge sites of the surface with different molecular orientations. The Kondo resonance shows extraordinary sensitivity to the adsorption configuration. By switching the molecule between different configurations, the Kondo temperature is varied over a wide range from ≈8 up to ≈250 K. Density functional theory calculations reveal that changes of the adsorption configuration lead to distinct variations of the hybridization between the molecule and the surface. Furthermore, we show that surface reconstruction plays a significant role for the molecular Kondo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jenny Möller
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rodrigo E Menchón
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniría y Agrimensura (FCEIA), Instituto de Física Rosario (IFIR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alexander Weismann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Alhyder R, Cappellaro A, Lemeshko M, Volosniev AG. Achiral dipoles on a ferromagnet can affect its magnetization direction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104103. [PMID: 37694742 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of a coupling between the magnetization direction of a ferromagnet and the tilting angle of adsorbed achiral molecules. To illustrate the mechanism of the coupling, we analyze a minimal Stoner model that includes Rashba spin-orbit coupling due to the electric field on the surface of the ferromagnet. The proposed mechanism allows us to study magnetic anisotropy of the system with an extended Stoner-Wohlfarth model and argue that adsorbed achiral molecules can change magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the substrate. Our research aims to motivate further experimental studies of the current-free chirality induced spin selectivity effect involving both enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragheed Alhyder
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Alberto Cappellaro
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Artem G Volosniev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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12
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Theiler PM, Ritz C, Hofmann R, Stemmer A. Detection of a Chirality-Induced Spin Selective Quantum Capacitance in α-Helical Peptides. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8280-8287. [PMID: 37650519 PMCID: PMC10510583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Kelvin probe force microscopy simultaneously detects the quantum capacitance and surface potential of an α-helical peptide monolayer. These indicators shift when either the magnetic polarization or the enantiomer is toggled. A model based on a triangular quantum well in thermal and chemical equilibrium and electron-electron interactions allows for calculating the electrical potential profile from the measured data. The combination of the model and the measurements shows that no global charge transport is required to produce effects attributed to the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect. These experimental findings support the theoretical model of Fransson et al. Nano Letters 2021, 21 (7), 3026-3032. Measurements of the quantum capacitance represent a new way to test and refine theoretical models used to explain strong spin polarization due to chirality-induced spin selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Markus Theiler
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ritz
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Stemmer
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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13
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Meng K, Guo L, Sun X. Strategies and applications of generating spin polarization in organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1132-1154. [PMID: 37424331 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of spintronics has undoubtedly revolutionized data storage, processing, and sensing applications. Organic semiconductors (OSCs), characterized by long spin relaxation times (>μs) and abundant spin-dependent properties, have emerged as promising materials for advanced spintronic applications. To successfully implement spin-related functions in organic spintronic devices, the four fundamental processes of spin generation, transport, manipulation, and detection form the main building blocks and are commonly in demand. Thereinto, the effective generation of spin polarization in OSCs is a precondition, but in practice, this has not been an easy task. In this context, considerable efforts have been made on this topic, covering novel materials systems, spin-dependent theories, and device fabrication technologies. In this review, we underline recent advances in external spin injection and organic property-induced spin polarization, according to the distinction between the sources of spin polarization. We focused mainly on summarizing and discussing both the physical mechanism and representative research on spin generation in OSCs, especially for various spin injection methods, organic magnetic materials, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, and the spinterface effect. Finally, the challenges and prospects that allow this topic to continue to be dynamic were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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14
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Giaconi N, Poggini L, Lupi M, Briganti M, Kumar A, Das TK, Sorrentino AL, Viglianisi C, Menichetti S, Naaman R, Sessoli R, Mannini M. Efficient Spin-Selective Electron Transport at Low Voltages of Thia-Bridged Triarylamine Hetero[4]helicenes Chemisorbed Monolayer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15189-15198. [PMID: 37493644 PMCID: PMC10416567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect describes the capability of chiral molecules to act as spin filters discriminating flowing electrons according to their spin state. Within molecular spintronics, efforts are focused on developing chiral-molecule-based technologies to control the injection and coherence of spin-polarized currents. Herein, for this purpose, we study spin selectivity properties of a monolayer of a thioalkyl derivative of a thia-bridged triarylamine hetero[4]helicene chemisorbed on a gold surface. A stacked device assembled by embedding a monolayer of these molecules between ferromagnetic and diamagnetic electrodes exhibits asymmetric magnetoresistance with inversion of the signal according to the handedness of molecules, in line with the presence of the CISS effect. In addition, magnetically conductive atomic force microscopy reveals efficient electron spin filtering even at unusually low potentials. Our results demonstrate that thia[4]heterohelicenes represent key candidates for the development of chiral spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Giaconi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Michela Lupi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrea L. Sorrentino
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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15
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Aizawa H, Sato T, Maki-Yonekura S, Yonekura K, Takaba K, Hamaguchi T, Minato T, Yamamoto HM. Enantioselectivity of discretized helical supramolecule consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines via chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4530. [PMID: 37507380 PMCID: PMC10382588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ingredients or by introduction of chiral catalysis. The fundamental question, then, is whether helical aggregation that consists only of achiral components can obtain enantioselectivity in the absence of chiral catalysis. Here, by exploiting enantiospecific interaction due to chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that has been known to work to enantio-separate a racemic mixture of chiral molecules, we demonstrate the enantioselectivity in the assembly of mesoscale helical supramolecules consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines. The helical nature in our supramolecules is revealed to be mesoscopically incorporated by dislocation-induced discretized twists, unlike the case of chiral molecules whose chirality are determined microscopically by chemical bond. The relevance of CISS effect in the discretized helical supramolecules is further confirmed by the appearance of spin-polarized current through the system. These observations mean that the application of CISS-based enantioselectivity is no longer limited to systems with microscopic chirality but is expanded to the one with mesoscopic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Aizawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Saori Maki-Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takaba
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Minato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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16
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Yin X, Deng L, Ruan L, Wu Y, Luo F, Qin G, Han X, Zhang X. Recent Progress for Single-Molecule Magnets Based on Rare Earth Elements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093568. [PMID: 37176451 PMCID: PMC10180339 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in molecular spintronic devices. Rare earth SMMs are considered to be the most promising for application owing to their large magnetic moment and strong magnetic anisotropy. In this review, the recent progress in rare earth SMMs represented by mononuclear and dinuclear complexes is highlighted, especially for the modulation of magnetic anisotropy, effective energy barrier (Ueff) and blocking temperature (TB). The terbium- and dysprosium-based SMMs have a Ueff of 1541 cm-1 and an increased TB of 80 K. They break the boiling point temperature of liquid nitrogen. The development of the preparation technology of rare earth element SMMs is also summarized in an overview. This review has important implications and insights for the design and research of Ln-SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Liuxia Ruan
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Yanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Taian Weiye Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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17
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Yazdani S, Phillips J, Ekanayaka TK, Cheng R, Dowben PA. The Influence of the Substrate on the Functionality of Spin Crossover Molecular Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093735. [PMID: 37175145 PMCID: PMC10180229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin crossover complexes are a route toward designing molecular devices with a facile readout due to the change in conductance that accompanies the change in spin state. Because substrate effects are important for any molecular device, there are increased efforts to characterize the influence of the substrate on the spin state transition. Several classes of spin crossover molecules deposited on different types of surface, including metallic and non-metallic substrates, are comprehensively reviewed here. While some non-metallic substrates like graphite seem to be promising from experimental measurements, theoretical and experimental studies indicate that 2D semiconductor surfaces will have minimum interaction with spin crossover molecules. Most metallic substrates, such as Au and Cu, tend to suppress changes in spin state and affect the spin state switching process due to the interaction at the molecule-substrate interface that lock spin crossover molecules in a particular spin state or mixed spin state. Of course, the influence of the substrate on a spin crossover thin film depends on the molecular film thickness and perhaps the method used to deposit the molecular film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yazdani
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jared Phillips
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thilini K Ekanayaka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Jorgensen Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter A Dowben
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Jorgensen Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
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18
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Luo Z, Song X, Liu X, Lu X, Yao Y, Zeng J, Li Y, He D, Zhao H, Gao L, Yu Z, Niu W, Sun H, Xu Y, Liu S, Qin W, Zhao Q. Revealing the key role of molecular packing on interface spin polarization at two-dimensional limit in spintronic devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9126. [PMID: 37018394 PMCID: PMC10075958 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spinterfaces between magnetic metals and organic semiconductors is essential to unlock the great potentials that organic materials host for spintronic applications. Although plenty of efforts have been devoted to studying organic spintronic devices, exploring the role of metal/molecule spinterfaces at two-dimensional limit remains challenging because of excessive disorders and traps at the interfaces. Here, we demonstrate atomically smooth metal/molecule interfaces through nondestructively transferring magnetic electrodes on epitaxial grown single-crystalline layered organic films. Using such high-quality interfaces, we investigate spin injection of spin-valve devices based on organic films of different layers, in which molecules are packed in different manners. We find that the measured magnetoresistance and the estimated spin polarization increase markedly for bilayer devices compared with their monolayer counterparts. These observations reveal the key role of molecular packing on spin polarization, which is supported by density functional theory calculations. Our findings provide promising routes toward designing spinterfaces for organic spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Luo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiangxiang Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junpeng Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yating Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daowei He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Niu
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province and School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huabin Sun
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Guangdong Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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Tanguturi RG, Tsai JC, Li YS, Tsay JS. Structural characterization and electronic properties of Ni/rubrene bilayers with alternative stacking sequences. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7927-7936. [PMID: 36861757 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in organic electronics has attracted interest due to their excellent characteristics that include photovoltaic, light emission, and semiconducting behaviours. Spin-induced properties play important roles in organic electronics, while introducing spin into an organic layer in which spin responses, such as a weak spin-orbital coupling and long spin-relaxation time, allows a variety of spintronic applications to be achieved. However, such spin responses are rapidly attenuated by misalignment in the electronic structure of hybrid structures. We report herein on the energy level diagrams of Ni/rubrene bilayers that can be tuned by an alternating stacking. The band edges of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels were determined to be 1.24 and 0.48 eV relative to the Fermi level for Ni/rubrene/Si and rubrene/Ni/Si bilayers, respectively. This raises a possibility of accumulating electric dipoles at the ferromagnetic/organic semiconductor (FM/OSC) interface, which would inhibit the transfer of spin in the OSC layer. This phenomenon is caused by the formation of a Schottky-like barrier in the rubrene/Ni heterostructures. According to the information about the band edges of the HOMO levels, schematic plots of the HOMO shift in the electronic structure of the bilayers are presented. Based on the lower value of the effective uniaxial anisotropy for Ni/rubrene/Si, the uniaxial anisotropy was suppressed compared to that of rubrene/Ni/Si. The characteristics of the formation of Schottky barriers at the FM/OSC interface have an impact on the temperature-dependent spin states in the bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Chen Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - You-Siang Li
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Shen Tsay
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
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20
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Liao PY, Liu Y, Ruan ZY, Wang HL, Shi CG, Deng W, Wu SG, Jia JH, Tong ML. Magnetic and Luminescent Dual Responses of Photochromic Hexaazamacrocyclic Lanthanide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1075-1085. [PMID: 36625763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hexaazamacrocyclic ligand LN6 was employed to construct a series of photochromic rare-earth complexes, [Ln(LN6)(NO3)2](BPh4) [1-Ln, Ln = Dy, Tb, Eu, Gd, Y; LN6 = (3E,5E,10E,12E)-3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane-3,5,10,12-tetraene]. The behavior of photogenerated radicals of hexaazamacrocyclic ligands was revealed for the first time. Upon 365 nm light irradiation, complexes 1-Ln exhibit photochromic behavior induced by photogenerated radicals according to EPR and UV-vis analyses. Static and dynamic magnetic studies of 1-Dy and irradiated product 1-Dy* indicate weak ferromagnetic interactions among DyIII ions and photogenerated LN6 radicals, as well as slow magnetization relaxation behavior under a 2 kOe applied field. Further fitting analyses show that the magnetization relaxation in 1-Dy* is markedly different from 1-Dy. Time-dependent fluorescence measurements reveal the characteristic luminescence quenching dynamics of lanthanide in the photochromic process. Especially for irradiated product 1-Eu*, the luminescence is almost completely quenched within 5 min with a quenching efficiency of 98.4%. The results reported here provide a prospect for the design of radical-induced photochromic lanthanide single-molecule magnets and will promote the further development of multiresponsive photomagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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21
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Review of Fe-based spin crossover metal complexes in multiscale device architectures. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Janas DM, Droghetti A, Ponzoni S, Cojocariu I, Jugovac M, Feyer V, Radonjić MM, Rungger I, Chioncel L, Zamborlini G, Cinchetti M. Enhancing Electron Correlation at a 3d Ferromagnetic Surface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205698. [PMID: 36300806 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spin-resolved momentum microscopy and theoretical calculations are combined beyond the one-electron approximation to unveil the spin-dependent electronic structure of the interface formed between iron (Fe) and an ordered oxygen (O) atomic layer, and an adsorbate-induced enhancement of electronic correlations is found. It is demonstrated that this enhancement is responsible for a drastic narrowing of the Fe d-bands close to the Fermi energy (EF ) and a reduction of the exchange splitting, which is not accounted for in the Stoner picture of ferromagnetism. In addition, correlation leads to a significant spin-dependent broadening of the electronic bands at higher binding energies and their merging with satellite features, which are manifestations of a pure many-electron behavior. Overall, adatom adsorption can be used to vary the material parameters of transition metal surfaces to access different intermediate electronic correlated regimes, which will otherwise not be accessible. The results show that the concepts developed to understand the physics and chemistry of adsorbate-metal interfaces, relevant for a variety of research areas, from spintronics to catalysis, need to be reconsidered with many-particle effects being of utmost importance. These may affect chemisorption energy, spin transport, magnetic order, and even play a key role in the emergence of ferromagnetism at interfaces between non-magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Droghetti
- School of Physics & CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Stefano Ponzoni
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Physics, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Miloš M Radonjić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Ivan Rungger
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Liviu Chioncel
- Theoretical Physics III, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics and Augsburg Center for Innovative Technologies, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Mirko Cinchetti
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Physics, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Yu C, Feng Q, Li X, Yang J. Highly interface-dependent spin transport in an Fe-Mn(DBTAA)-Fe single molecule spintronic device. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15799-15803. [PMID: 36254465 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spinterface between magnetic electrodes and molecules, and realizing the controllable spin filtering effect, are crucial for the development of high-performance molecular devices, but both still face big challenges. Here, based on first-principles calculations of an Fe-Mn(DBTAA)-Fe single molecule spintronic device, we unveil that spin filtering efficiency is highly dependent on interface configurations, which can modulate and even reverse the spin polarization of tunnelling electrons. For Fe-Mn(DBTAA)-Fe, a varied spin filtering from -93% to +75% is observed. The underlying mechanism could be attributed to the distinct magnetic and electronic couplings between the Fe electrode and the Mn(DBTAA) molecule in different interface configurations. This work not only highlights the importance of a magnetic electrode-molecule interface, but also implies that through suitable interface design, the performance, e.g., of the spin filtering channel of single molecule spintronic devices, can be flexibly tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Qingqing Feng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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24
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Li C, Homberg J, Weismann A, Berndt R. On-Surface Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Aluminum Phthalocyanine on Superconducting Lead. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16987-16995. [PMID: 36153959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large ordered islands of aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) molecules, which are unstable in air, are synthesized from ClAlPc on Pb(100) via dechlorination. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that isolated AlPc molecules lose their spin moment on superconducting Pb(100). Molecular magnetism, which is detected via Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) resonances, may be restored by surrounding a molecule with an array of neighbor molecules in artificial arrays or in a self-assembled monolayer. Unlike phthalocyanine (H2Pc) or lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) monolayers, where the YSR energy was found to depend strongly on the detailed configuration of the neighboring molecules, we find a similar magnetic moment on every second molecule for AlPc. In addition, YSR resonances lead to unusually high conductance peaks that are due to vibrational excitations. Twelve vibrational modes are resolved and discussed with respect to similar results from PbPc. The enhancement of the inelastic transitions is tentatively attributed to the large amplitude of the YSR resonances and the long lifetime of electrons in the molecular bound state. By assembling neighboring molecules into configurations that differ from those of the monolayer, the YSR energy may be fine-tuned, and a simple spin-state switching device is constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Homberg
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Weismann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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25
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Shen C, Han P, Zheng Z, Jiang W, Gao S, Hua C, Chen CL, Xia F, Zhai T, Liu K, Fang Y. Spatially Confined Face-Selective Growth of Large-Area 2D Organic Molecular Crystals in a Supramolecular Gel for Highly Efficient Flexible Photodetection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203662. [PMID: 36054543 PMCID: PMC9596823 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D organic molecular crystals (2DOMCs) are promising materials for the fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, the growth of organic molecules into 2DOMCs remains a challenge because of the difficulties in controlling their self-assembly with a preferential orientation in solution-process crystallization. Herein, fullerene is chosen as a model molecule to develop a supramolecular gel crystallization approach to grow large-area 2DOMCs by controlling the perfect arrangement on the {220} crystal plane with the assistance of a gelated solvent. In this case, the gel networks provide tuneable confined spaces to control the crystallization kinetics toward the growth of dominant crystal faces by their inhibiting motions of solvent or solute molecules to enable the growth of perfect crystals at appropriate nucleation rates. As a result, a large-area fullerene 2DOMC is produced successfully and its corresponding device on a flexible substrate exhibits excellent bendable properties and ultra-high weak light detection ability (2.9 × 1011 Jones) at a 10 V bias upon irradiation with 450 nm incident light. Moreover, its photoelectric properties remain unchanged after 200 cycles of bending at angles of 45, 90, and 180°. These results can be extended to the growth of other 2DOMCs for potentially fabricating advanced organic (opto)electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Pan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Wenhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lung Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaosiungTaiwan80424P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi′an710119P. R. China
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26
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Bergenti I, Kamiya T, Li D, Riminucci A, Graziosi P, MacLaren DA, Rakshit RK, Singh M, Benini M, Tada H, Smogunov A, Dediu VA. Spinterface Effects in Hybrid La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3/SrTiO 3/C 60/Co Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 4:4273-4279. [PMID: 36193212 PMCID: PMC9523579 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Orbital hybridization at the Co/C60 interface been has proved to strongly enhance the magnetic anisotropy of the cobalt layer, promoting such hybrid systems as appealing components for sensing and memory devices. Correspondingly, the same hybridization induces substantial variations in the ability of the Co/C60 interface to support spin-polarized currents and can bring out a spin-filtering effect. The knowledge of the effects at both sides allows for a better and more complete understanding of interfacial physics. In this paper we investigate the Co/C60 bilayer in the role of a spin-polarized electrode in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/C60/Co configuration, thus substituting the bare Co electrode in the well-known La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/Co magnetic tunnel junction. The study revealed that the spin polarization (SP) of the tunneling currents escaping from the Co/C60 electrode is generally negative: i.e., inverted with respect to the expected SP of the Co electrode. The observed sign of the spin polarization was confirmed via DFT calculations by considering the hybridization between cobalt and molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bergenti
- Institute
of Nanostructured Materials ISMN-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka
University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan 560-8531
| | - Dongzhe Li
- CEMES,
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Alberto Riminucci
- Institute
of Nanostructured Materials ISMN-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Patrizio Graziosi
- Institute
of Nanostructured Materials ISMN-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Donald A. MacLaren
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Rajib K. Rakshit
- CSIR
- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Manju Singh
- CSIR
- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mattia Benini
- Institute
of Nanostructured Materials ISMN-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka
University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan 560-8531
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- Service de
Physique de l’Etat Condensé (SPEC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex France
| | - Valentin A. Dediu
- Institute
of Nanostructured Materials ISMN-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
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27
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Martin P, Dlubak B, Mattana R, Seneor P, Martin MB, Henner T, Godel F, Sander A, Collin S, Chen L, Suffit S, Mallet F, Lafarge P, Della Rocca ML, Droghetti A, Barraud C. Combined spin filtering actions in hybrid magnetic junctions based on organic chains covalently attached to graphene. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12692-12702. [PMID: 35993375 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01917e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a bias-controlled spin-filtering mechanism in spin-valves including a hybrid organic chain/graphene interface. Wet growth conditions of oligomeric molecular chains would usually lead, during standard CMOS-compatible fabrication processes, to the quenching of spintronics properties of metallic spin sources due to oxidation. We demonstrate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the use of a protective graphene layer fully preserves the metallic character of the ferromagnetic surface and thus its capability to deliver spin polarized currents. We focus here on a small aromatic chain of controllable lengths, formed by nitrobenzene monomers and derived from the commercial 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate, covalently attached to the graphene passivated spin sources thanks to electroreduction. A unique bias dependent switch of the spin signal is then observed in complete spin valve devices, from minority to majority spin carriers filtering. First-principles calculations are used to highlight the key role played by the spin-dependent hybridization of electronic states present at the different interfaces. Our work is a first step towards the exploration of spin transport using different functional molecular chains. It opens the perspective of atomic tailoring of magnetic junction devices towards spin and quantum transport control, thanks to the flexibility of ambient electrochemical surface functionalization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Martin
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dlubak
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Richard Mattana
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Pierre Seneor
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Marie-Blandine Martin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Théo Henner
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Florian Godel
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Sophie Collin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Linsai Chen
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphan Suffit
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - François Mallet
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Lafarge
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Maria Luisa Della Rocca
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
| | | | - Clément Barraud
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
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28
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Dong XJ, Ren MJ, Zhang CW. Quantum anomalous Hall effect in germanene by proximity coupling to a semiconducting ferromagnetic substrate NiI 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21631-21637. [PMID: 36047444 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces between materials are ubiquitous in materials science, especially in devices. As device dimensions continue to be reduced, understanding the physical characteristics that appear at interfaces is crucial to exploit them for applications, spintronics in this case. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we propose a general and tunable platform to realize an exotic quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) with the germanene monolayer by proximity coupling to a semiconducting ferromagnetic NiI2 (Ge/NiI2). Through analysis of the Berry curvature and band structure with spin-orbit coupling, the QAHE phase with an integer Chern number (C = -1), which is induced by band inversion between Ge-p orbitals, can achieve complete spin polarization for low-dissipation electronic devices. Also, the proximity coupling between germanene and the NiI2 substrate makes the non-trivial bandgap reach up to 85 meV, and the Curie temperature of the Ge/NiI2 heterostructure (HTS) is enhanced to 238 K, which is much higher than that of pristine NiI2. An effective k·p model is proposed to clarify the quantum phenomena in the Ge/NiI2 HTS. These findings shed light on the possible role of magnetic proximity effects on condensed matter physics in germanene and open new perspectives for multifunctional spin quantum devices in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Dong
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273100, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Juan Ren
- School of Physics and Technology, Institute of Spintronics, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273100, People's Republic of China.,School of Physics and Technology, Institute of Spintronics, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Campos AF, Duret P, Cabaret S, Duden T, Tejeda A. Spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission setup with spin orientation independent from electron incidence angle. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093904. [PMID: 36182468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission setup with a low-energy electron source is presented. The spin-polarized electron source, with a compact design, can decouple the spin polarization vector from the electron beam propagation vector, allowing one to explore any spin orientation at any wavevector in angle-resolved inverse photoemission. The beam polarization can be tuned to any preferred direction with a shielded electron optical system, preserving the parallel beam condition. We demonstrate the performances of the setup by measurements on Cu(001) and Au(111). We estimate the energy resolution of the overall system at room temperature to be ∼170 meV from kBTeff of a Cu(001) Fermi level, allowing a direct comparison to photoemission. The spin-resolved operation of the setup has been demonstrated by measuring the Rashba splitting of the Au(111) Shockley surface state. The effective polarization of the electron beam is P = 30% ± 3%, and the wavevector resolution is ΔkF ≲ 0.06 Å-1. Measurements on the Au(111) surface state demonstrate how the electron beam polarization direction can be tuned in the three spatial dimensions. The maximum of the spin asymmetry is reached when the electron beam polarization is aligned with the in-plane spin polarization of the Au(111) surface state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Campos
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Duret
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Cabaret
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Duden
- Constructive Solutions for Science and Technology, 33649 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Tejeda
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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30
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Albani G, Capra M, Lodesani A, Calloni A, Bussetti G, Finazzi M, Ciccacci F, Brambilla A, Duò L, Picone A. Self-assembly of C 60 on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)- p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C 60 monolayer. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:857-864. [PMID: 36105692 PMCID: PMC9443418 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene (C60) has been deposited in ultrahigh vacuum on top of a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) monolayer self-assembled on a Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O substrate. The nanoscale morphology and the electronic properties of the C60/ZnTPP/Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O heterostructure have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. C60 nucleates compact and well-ordered hexagonal domains on top of the ZnTPP buffer layer, suggesting a high surface diffusivity of C60 and a weak coupling between the overlayer and the substrate. Accordingly, work function measurements reveal a negligible charge transfer at the C60/ZnTPP interface. Finally, the difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and that of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) measured on C60 is about 3.75 eV, a value remarkably higher than those found in fullerene films stabilized directly on metal surfaces. Our results unveil a model system that could be useful in applications in which a quasi-freestanding monolayer of C60 interfaced with a metallic electrode is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Albani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Capra
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lodesani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Finazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Ciccacci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lamberto Duò
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Picone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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31
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Zlobin IS, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV. Molecular Compounds in Spintronic Devices: An Intricate Marriage of Chemistry and Physics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12919-12930. [PMID: 35930627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spintronics, a flourishing new field of microelectronics, uses the electron spin for reading and writing information in modern computers and other spintronic devices with a low power consumption and high reliability. In a quest to increase the productivity of such devices, the use of molecular materials as a spacer layer allowed them to perform equally well or even better than conventional all-inorganic heterostructures from metals, alloys, or inorganic semiconductors. In this review, we survey various classes of chemical compounds that have already been tested for this purpose─from organic compounds and coordination complexes to organic-inorganic hybrid materials─since the creation of the first molecule-based spintronic device in 2002. Although each class has its advantages, drawbacks, and applications in molecular spintronics, together they allowed nonchemists to gain insights into spin-related effects and to propose new concepts in the design and fabrication of highly efficient spintronic devices. Other molecular compounds that chemistry could offer in great numbers may soon emerge as suitable spacers or even electrodes in flexible magnetic field sensors, nonvolatile memories, and multifunctional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Zlobin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Valentin V Novikov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilova Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
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32
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Gao F, Li D, Barreteau C, Brandbyge M. Proposal for All-Electrical Spin Manipulation and Detection for a Single Molecule on Boron-Substituted Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:027201. [PMID: 35867446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.027201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-electrical writing and reading of spin states attract considerable attention for their promising applications in energy-efficient spintronics devices. Here we show, based on rigorous first-principles calculations, that the spin properties can be manipulated and detected in molecular spinterfaces, where an iron tetraphenyl porphyrin (FeTPP) molecule is deposited on boron-substituted graphene (BG). Notably, a reversible spin switching between the S=1 and S=3/2 states is achieved by a gate electrode. We can trace the origin to a strong hybridization between the Fe-d_{z^{2}} and B-p_{z} orbitals. Combining density functional theory with nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, we propose an experimentally feasible three-terminal setup to probe the spin state. Furthermore, we show how the in-plane quantum transport for the BG, which is non-spin polarized, can be modified by FeTPP, yielding a significant transport spin polarization near the Fermi energy (>10% for typical coverage). Our work paves the way to realize all-electrical spintronics devices using molecular spinterfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dongzhe Li
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Barreteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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34
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Cao D, Liu X, Lewis JP, Guo W, Wen X. Tuning Surface‐Electron Spins on Fe
3
O
4
(111) through Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202751. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institution Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institution Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - James P. Lewis
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institution Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Information S & T University Beijing 101400 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Guo
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institution Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Information S & T University Beijing 101400 P. R. China
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35
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Jo J, Calavalle F, Martín-García B, Tezze D, Casanova F, Chuvilin A, Hueso LE, Gobbi M. Exchange Bias in Molecule/Fe 3 GeTe 2 van der Waals Heterostructures via Spinterface Effects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200474. [PMID: 35334502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation of layered magnetic materials generates atomically thin flakes characterized by an ultrahigh surface sensitivity, which makes their magnetic properties tunable via external stimuli, such as electrostatic gating and proximity effects. Another powerful approach to engineer magnetic materials is molecular functionalization, generating hybrid interfaces with tailored magnetic interactions, called spinterfaces. However, spinterface effects have not yet been explored on layered magnetic materials. Here, the emergence of spinterface effects is demonstrated at the interface between flakes of the prototypical layered magnetic metal Fe3 GeTe2 and thin films of Co-phthalocyanine. Magnetotransport measurements show that the molecular layer induces a magnetic exchange bias in Fe3 GeTe2 , indicating that the unpaired spins in Co-phthalocyanine develop antiferromagnetic ordering and pin the magnetization reversal of Fe3 GeTe2 via magnetic proximity. The effect is strongest for a Fe3 GeTe2 thickness of 20 nm, for which the exchange bias field reaches -840 Oe at 10 K and is measurable up to ≈110 K. This value compares very favorably with previous exchange bias fields reported for Fe3 GeTe2 in all-inorganic van der Waals heterostructures, demonstrating the potential of molecular functionalization to tailor the magnetism of van der Waals layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeon Jo
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Tezze
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Gobbi
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián/Donostia, 20018, Spain
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36
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Kondou K, Shiga M, Sakamoto S, Inuzuka H, Nihonyanagi A, Araoka F, Kobayashi M, Miwa S, Miyajima D, Otani Y. Chirality-Induced Magnetoresistance Due to Thermally Driven Spin Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7302-7307. [PMID: 35414173 PMCID: PMC9052755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chirality-induced
current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance
(CPP-MR) originates from current-induced spin polarization in molecules.
The current-induced spin polarization is widely recognized as a fundamental
principle of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS). In this study,
we investigate chirality-induced current-in-plane magnetoresistance
(CIP-MR) in a chiral molecule/ferromagnetic metal bilayer at room
temperature. In contrast to CPP-MR, CIP-MR observed in the present
study requires no bias charge current through the molecule. The temperature
dependence of CIP-MR suggests that thermally driven spontaneous spin
polarization in chiral molecules is the key to the observed MR. The
novel MR is consistent with recent CISS-related studies, that is,
chiral molecules in contact with a metallic surface possess a finite
spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Kondou
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shoya Sakamoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nihonyanagi
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumito Araoka
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daigo Miyajima
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - YoshiChika Otani
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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37
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Cao DB, Liu X, Lewis JP, Guo W, Wen XD. Tuning Surface‐Electron Spins on Fe3O4(111) Through Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Cao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Coal Chemistry State key laboratory of coal conversion 27 Taoyuan South RoadTaoyuan South Road 030001 Taiyuan CHINA
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Coal Chemistry State key laboratory of coal conversion 27 Taoyuan South Road 030001 Taiyuan CHINA
| | - James P. Lewis
- Institute of Coal Chemistry CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Coal Chemistry State key laboratory of coal conversion 27 Taoyuan South Road 030001 Taiyuan CHINA
| | - Wenping Guo
- Synfuels China Technology Co Ltd National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels 1 Leyuan Second South StreetYanqi Development ZoneHuairou 101400 Beijing CHINA
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key of Laboratory for Coal Coversion 27 Taoyuan South Road 030001 Taiyuan CHINA
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38
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Krichevsky DM, Shi L, Baturin VS, Rybkovsky DV, Wu Y, Fedotov PV, Obraztsova ED, Kapralov PO, Shilina PV, Fung K, Stoppiello CT, Belotelov VI, Khlobystov A, Chernov AI. Magnetic nanoribbons with embedded cobalt grown inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1978-1989. [PMID: 35060988 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetism and specifically magnetic molecules have recently gained plenty of attention as key elements for quantum technologies, information processing, and spintronics. Transition to the nanoscale and implementation of ordered structures with defined parameters is crucial for advanced applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) provide natural one-dimensional confinement that can be implemented for encapsulation, nanosynthesis, and polymerization of molecules into nanoribbons. Recently, the formation of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons inside SWCNTs has been reported. However, there have been only a limited amount of approaches to form ordered magnetic structures inside the nanotube channels and the creation of magnetic nanoribbons is still lacking. In this work we synthesize and reveal the properties of cobalt-phthalocyanine based nanoribbons (CoPcNRs) encapsulated in SWCNTs. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations allowed us to confirm the encapsulation and to reveal the specific fingerprints of CoPcNRs. The magnetic properties were studied by transverse magnetooptical Kerr effect measurements, which indicated a strong difference in comparison with the pristine unfilled SWCNTs due to the impact of Co incorporated atoms. We anticipate that this approach of polymerization of encapsulated magnetic molecules inside SWCNTs will result in a diverse class of protected low-dimensional ordered magnetic materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Krichevsky
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
- Russian Quantum Center, 30, Bolshoy Bulvar, building 1, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir S Baturin
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 19, Kosygina street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3, Nobel street, Moscow, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Rybkovsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3, Nobel street, Moscow, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Yangliu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Pavel V Fedotov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38, Vavilov street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena D Obraztsova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38, Vavilov street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel O Kapralov
- Russian Quantum Center, 30, Bolshoy Bulvar, building 1, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Polina V Shilina
- Russian Quantum Center, 30, Bolshoy Bulvar, building 1, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Kayleigh Fung
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Craig T Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vladimir I Belotelov
- Russian Quantum Center, 30, Bolshoy Bulvar, building 1, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
- Photonic and Quantum technologies school, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gori, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexander I Chernov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
- Russian Quantum Center, 30, Bolshoy Bulvar, building 1, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
- NTI Center for Quantum Communications, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4, Leninskiy pr., Moscow, 119049, Russia
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39
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Martynov AG, Horii Y, Katoh K, Bian Y, Jiang J, Yamashita M, Gorbunova YG. Rare-earth based tetrapyrrolic sandwiches: chemistry, materials and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9262-9339. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises advances in chemistry of tetrapyrrole sandwiches with rare earth elements and highlights the current state of their use in single-molecule magnetism, organic field-effect transistors, conducting materials and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskiy pr., 31, bldg.4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yoji Horii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Daxing Research Institute, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Daxing Research Institute, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskiy pr., 31, bldg.4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninskiy pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
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Picone A, Finazzi M, Duò L, Giannotti D, Ciccacci F, Brambilla A. Observation of a Metastable Honeycomb Arrangement of C 60 on Ni(111) with (7 × 7) Periodicity: Tailoring an Interface for Organic Spintronics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:12993-13000. [PMID: 34977478 PMCID: PMC8713361 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures in which organic molecules are interfaced with metal surfaces hold promise for the discovery of intriguing physical and chemical phenomena, as well as for the development of innovative devices. In this frame, it is crucial to understand the interplay between the structural details of the interface and the electronic properties of the system. Here, an experimental investigation of the C60/Ni(111) interface is performed by means of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The deposition of C60 at room temperature, followed by high-temperature annealing, promotes the stabilization of two different phases. A hitherto unreported phase forming a (7 × 7) honeycomb overlayer coexists with the well-known (4 × 4) reconstruction. Highly resolved STM images disclose the adsorption geometry of the molecules for both phases. STS reveals that the electronic properties of C60/Ni(111) are strongly influenced by the morphology of the interface, suggesting the possibility of tuning the electronic properties of the organic/inorganic heterostructures by adjusting the structural coupling with the substrate. This achievement can be important for hybrid magnetic interfaces, where the harmonization between the molecular and the magnetic orders can enhance the development of hybrid magnetic states.
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Junghoefer T, Calzolari A, Baev I, Glaser M, Ciccullo F, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Kielgast F, Nissen M, Schwarz J, Gallagher NM, Rajca A, Martins M, Casu MB. Magnetic behavior in metal-free radical thin films. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao Y, Gobbi M, Hueso LE, Samorì P. Molecular Approach to Engineer Two-Dimensional Devices for CMOS and beyond-CMOS Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:50-131. [PMID: 34816723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades. Their unique optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties make 2DMs key building blocks for the fabrication of novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS devices. Major advances in device functionality and performance have been made by the covalent or noncovalent functionalization of 2DMs with molecules: while the molecular coating of metal electrodes and dielectrics allows for more efficient charge injection and transport through the 2DMs, the combination of dynamic molecular systems, capable to respond to external stimuli, with 2DMs makes it possible to generate hybrid systems possessing new properties by realizing stimuli-responsive functional devices and thereby enabling functional diversification in More-than-Moore technologies. In this review, we first introduce emerging 2DMs, various classes of (macro)molecules, and molecular switches and discuss their relevant properties. We then turn to 2DM/molecule hybrid systems and the various physical and chemical strategies used to synthesize them. Next, we discuss the use of molecules and assemblies thereof to boost the performance of 2D transistors for CMOS applications and to impart diverse functionalities in beyond-CMOS devices. Finally, we present the challenges, opportunities, and long-term perspectives in this technologically promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhao
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Tong Y, Kelaï M, Bairagi K, Repain V, Lagoute J, Girard Y, Rousset S, Boillot ML, Mallah T, Enachescu C, Bellec A. Voltage-Induced Bistability of Single Spin-Crossover Molecules in a Two-Dimensional Monolayer. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11029-11034. [PMID: 34743521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bistable spin-crossover molecules are particularly interesting for the development of innovative electronic and spintronic devices as they present two spin states that can be controlled by external stimuli. In this paper, we report the voltage-induced switching of the high spin/low spin electronic states of spin-crossover molecules self-assembled in dense 2D networks on Au(111) and Cu(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperature. On Au(111), voltage pulses lead to the nonlocal switching of the molecules from any─high or low─spin state to the other followed by a spontaneous relaxation toward their initial state within minutes. On the other hand, on Cu(111), single molecules can be addressed at will. They retain their new electronic configuration after a voltage pulse. The memory effect demonstrated on Cu(111) is due to an interplay between long-range intermolecular interaction and molecule/substrate coupling as confirmed by mechanoelastic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Tong
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Massine Kelaï
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Kaushik Bairagi
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Repain
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yann Girard
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rousset
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Boillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Cristian Enachescu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Amandine Bellec
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), CNRS-UMR7162, 75013, Paris, France
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Scivetti I, Teobaldi G. Combined Role of Biaxial Strain and Nonstoichiometry for the Electronic, Magnetic, and Redox Properties of Lithiated Metal-Oxide Films: The LiMn 2O 4 Case. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54610-54619. [PMID: 34730930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between strain and nonstoichiometry for the electronic, magnetic, and redox properties of LiMn2O4 films is essential for their development as Li-ion battery (LIB) cathodes, photoelectrodes, and systems for sustainable spintronics applications as well as for emerging applications that combine these technologies. Here, density functional theory (DFT) simulations suggest that compressive strain increases the reduction drive of (111) LiMn2O4 films by inducing >1 eV upshift of the valence band edge. The DFT results indicate that, regardless of the crystallographic orientation for the LiMn2O4 film, biaxial expansion increases the magnetic moments of the Mn atoms. Conversely, biaxial compression reduces them. For ferromagnetic films, these changes can be substantial and as large as over 4 Bohr magnetons per unit cell over the simulated range of strain (from -6 to +3%). The DFT simulations also uncover a compensation mechanism whereby strain induces opposite changes in the magnetic moment of the Mn and O atoms, leading to an overall constant magnetic moment for the ferromagnetic films. The calculated strain-induced changes in atomic magnetic moments reflect modifications in the local electronic hybridization of both the Mn and O atoms, which in turn suggests strain-tunable, local chemical, and electrochemical reactivity. Several energy-favored (110) and (111) ferromagnetic surfaces turn out to be half-metallic with minority-spin band gaps as large as 3.2 eV and compatible with spin-dependent electron-transport and possible spin-dependent electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. The resilience of the ferromagnetic, half-metallic states to surface nonstoichiometry and compositional changes invites exploration of the potential of LiMn2O4 thin films for sustainable spintronic applications beyond state-of-the-art, rare-earth metal-based, ferromagnetic half-metallic oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Scivetti
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC UKRI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4FS, United Kingdom
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Teobaldi
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Moon S, Kim H, Lee K, Park J, Kim Y, Choi SQ. 3D Printable concentrated liquid metal composite with high thermal conductivity. iScience 2021; 24:103183. [PMID: 34703989 PMCID: PMC8524151 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat dissipation materials in which fillers are dispersed in a polymer matrix typically do not exhibit both high thermal conductivity (k) and processability due to a trade-off. In this paper, we fabricate heat dissipation composites which overcome the trade-off using liquid metal (LM). By exceeding the conventional filler limit, ten times higher k is achieved for a 90 vol% LM composite compared with k of 50 vol% LM composite. Further, an even higher k is achieved by introducing h-BN between the LM droplets, and the highest k in this study was 17.1 W m-1 K-1. The LM composite is processable at room temperature and used as inks for 3D printing. This combination of high k and processability not only allows heat dissipation materials to be processed on demand under ambient conditions but it also increases the surface area of the LM composite, which enables rapid heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hanul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyoungmun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yunho Kim
- Advanced Functional Polymers Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Haraguchi T, Otsubo K, Sakata O, Fujiwara A, Kitagawa H. Strain-Controlled Spin Transition in Heterostructured Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16128-16135. [PMID: 34514790 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films have recently attracted much attention as a new platform for surface/interface research, where unconventional structural and physical properties emerge. Among the many MOFs as candidates for fabrication of thin films, Hofmann-type MOFs {Fe(pz)[M(CN)4]} [pz = pyrazine; M = Ni (Nipz), M = Pt (Ptpz)] are attractive, because they undergo spin transitions with concomitant structural changes. Here, we demonstrate the first example of a strain-controlled spin transition in heterostructured MOF thin films. The spin transition temperature of Ptpz can be controlled in the temperature range of 300-380 K by fabricating a nanometer-sized heterostructured thin film with a Nipz buffer layer, where the smaller lattice of Nipz causes epitaxial compressive strain to the Ptpz layer. The fabricated heterostructured thin film exhibited a remarkable increase in spin transition temperature with a dynamic structural transformation, confirmed by variable-temperature (VT) X-ray diffraction and VT Raman spectroscopy. By verifying interfacial strain in a heterostructured thin film, we can rationally control the characteristics of MOFs-not only spin transition but also various physical properties such as gas storage, catalysis, sensing, proton conductivity, and electrical properties, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Haraguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.,Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Otsubo
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujiwara
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Kurahashi M, Sun X. Observation of a Half-Metallic Interface State for Pyridine-Adsorbed H/Fe 3O 4(100). J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8489-8494. [PMID: 34450015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecule/half-metallic oxide interfaces play essential roles in recent molecular spintronics devices, yet factors governing the spin polarization of the hybridized interface state (HIS) formed there remain unclear because of the lack of direct spectroscopic evidence for it. Here, we present a spin-polarized metastable deexcitation spectroscopy (SPMDS) experiment, which is sensitive to the topmost surface, showing that the adsorption of pyridine on H-terminated Fe3O4(100) at 100 K produces a highly spin-polarized HIS, while no such HIS forms on a bare Fe3O4(100) surface. A density functional theory calculation has predicted the formation of half-metallic HIS, which is consistent with the SPMDS results. This can be understood on the basis of the interface chemical bonding formed by the coordination of the nitrogen end of pyridine to the surface Fe atom where half-metallic conduction electrons are distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kurahashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Xia Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Li D, Frauenheim T, He J. Robust Giant Magnetoresistance in 2D Van der Waals Molecular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36098-36105. [PMID: 34308645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spin transport across a zero-dimensional (0D) single-molecule sandwiched by two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic electrodes may open vast opportunities to create novel mixed-dimensional spintronics devices. However, this remains unexplored yet. Inspired by the recent discovery of 2D intrinsic ferromagnets Fe3GeTe2, using first-principles spin transport calculations, we show that single-molecule junctions based on Fe3GeTe2 can yield perfect spin filtering and a significant magnetoresistance (MR) of up to ∼6075%. This remarkable MR is more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than the MR obtained for the corresponding junctions with conventional ferromagnetic metals (e.g., Ni, Fe, and Co). We demonstrate the results of two representative examples that are feasible in the experiments: (i) A benzene or (ii) bezenedithiol (BDT) connected either through a scanning tunneling microscope or break-junction setups. We find that the conductance of BDT junctions is more than 10 times larger than that of the benzene junction due to a much stronger hybridization effect at the molecule-metal interfaces. The key mechanism of the perfect spin filtering and large MR in single-molecule junctions is mainly determined by the intrinsic properties of Fe3GeTe2 electrodes, while the actual conductance is determined by the hybridization strength of the majority spin channel at the molecule-metal interfaces. It is also predicted that the perfect spin filtering and the remarkably huge MR are highly insensitive to structural variations, interface defects, and stacking orders of the electrodes. Our results provide important insights for expanding molecular spintronics platforms from conventional ferromagnetic metals to new 2D vdw magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 2835 Bremen, Germany
| | - Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 2835 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Ueltzen K, Schmitz S, Moors M, Glöß M, Börner M, Werner I, Warneke Z, Warneke J, Abel B, Monakhov KY. Synthesis, Structure, and Surface Adsorption Characteristics of a Polynuclear Mn II,IV-Yb III Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10415-10425. [PMID: 34192460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The controlled adsorption of polynuclear coordination compounds with specific structural and electronic characteristics on surfaces is crucial for the prospective implementation of molecule-surface interfaces into practical electronic devices. From this perspective, a neutral 3d,4f-coordination cluster [MnII3MnIVYb3O3(OH)(L·SMe)3(OOCMe)9]·2MeCN·3EtOH (1·2MeCN·3EtOH), where L·SMe- is a Schiff base, has been synthesized and fully characterized and its adsorption on two different solid substrates, gold and graphite, has been studied. The mixed-valence compound with a bilayered metal core structure and the structurally exposed thioether groups exhibits a substantially different surface bonding to metallic gold and semimetallic graphite substrates. While on graphite the adsorption takes place only on distinguished attraction points with a locally increased number of potential bonding sites such as terrace edges and other surface defects, on gold the molecules were found to adsorb rather weakly on randomly distributed adsorption sites of the surface terraces. This entirely different behavior provides important information for the development of advanced surface materials that may enable well-distributed ordered molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ueltzen
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitz
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Moors
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Glöß
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-7), JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziyan Warneke
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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