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Glickman B, Wahlstrom KL, Radley JJ, LaLumiere RT. Basolateral amygdala inputs to the nucleus accumbens shell modulate the consolidation of cued-response and inhibitory avoidance learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 215:107988. [PMID: 39369810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) modulates different types of memory consolidation via distinct projections to downstream brain regions in multiple memory systems. Prior studies indicate that the BLA projects to the nucleus accumbens shell (NAshell) and that these regions interact to influence some types of behavior. Moreover, previous pharmacological work suggests the BLA and NAshell interact to influence memory. However, the precise role of the BLA-NAshell pathway has never been directly investigated in the consolidation of different types of memory including cued-response, spatial, or inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning. To address this, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received optogenetic manipulations of the BLA or BLA-NAshell pathway immediately following training in different learning tasks. An initial experiment found that optogenetically inhibiting the BLA itself immediately after training impaired cued-response retention in a Barnes maze task in males and females, confirming earlier pharmacological work in males alone. Subsequent experiments found that BLA-NAshell pathway inhibition impaired retention of cued-response and IA learning but had no effect on retention of spatial learning. However, the present work did not observe any effects of pathway stimulation immediately after cued-response or IA learning. Together, the present findings suggest the BLA modulates the consolidation of cued-response and IA, but not spatial, memory consolidation via NAshell projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess Glickman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Krista L Wahlstrom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jason J Radley
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Ryan T LaLumiere
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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2
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Hughes H, Brady LJ, Schoonover KE. GABAergic dysfunction in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: implications for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1440834. [PMID: 39381500 PMCID: PMC11458443 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1440834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The microcircuitry within superficial layers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), composed of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, has been suggested as the neural substrate of working memory performance. In schizophrenia, working memory impairments are thought to result from alterations of microcircuitry within the DLPFC. GABAergic interneurons, in particular, are crucially involved in synchronizing neural activity at gamma frequency, the power of which increases with working memory load. Alterations of GABAergic interneurons, particularly parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) subtypes, are frequently observed in schizophrenia. Abnormalities of GABAergic neurotransmission, such as deficiencies in the 67 kDA isoform of GABA synthesis enzyme (GAD67), vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT), and GABA reuptake transporter 1 (GAT1) in presynaptic boutons, as well as postsynaptic alterations in GABA A receptor subunits further contribute to impaired inhibition. This review explores GABAergic abnormalities of the postmortem DLPFC in schizophrenia, with a focus on the roles of interneuron subtypes involved in cognition, and GABAergic neurotransmission within presynaptic boutons and postsynaptic alterations. Where available, comparisons between schizophrenia and affective disorders that share cognitive pathology such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder will be made. Challenges in directly measuring GABA levels are addressed, emphasizing the need for innovative techniques. Understanding GABAergic abnormalities and their implications for neural circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hughes
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Lillian J. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuskegee, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Kirsten E. Schoonover
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuskegee, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tuskegee, AL, United States
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
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3
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A Shaw N. The gamma-band activity model of the near-death experience: a critique and a reinterpretation. F1000Res 2024; 13:674. [PMID: 39238834 PMCID: PMC11375408 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.151422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Near-death experience (NDE) is a transcendent mental event of uncertain etiology that arises on the cusp of biological death. Since the discovery of NDE in the mid-1970s, multiple neuroscientific theories have been developed in an attempt to account for it in strictly materialistic or reductionistic terms. Therefore, in this conception, NDE is at most an extraordinary hallucination without any otherworldly, spiritual, or supernatural denotations. During the last decade or so, a number of animal and clinical studies have emerged which reported that about the time of death, there may be a surge of high frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) at a time when cortical electrical activity is otherwise at a very low ebb. This oscillatory rhythm falls within the range of the enigmatic brain wave-labelled gamma-band activity (GBA). Therefore, it has been proposed that this brief, paradoxical, and perimortem burst of the GBA may represent the neural foundation of the NDE. This study examines three separate but related questions concerning this phenomenon. The first problem pertains to the electrogenesis of standard GBA and the extent to which authentic cerebral activity has been contaminated by myogenic artifacts. The second problem involves the question of whether agents that can mimic NDE are also underlain by GBA. The third question concerns the electrogenesis of the surge in GBA itself. It has been contended that this is neither cortical nor myogenic in origin. Rather, it arises in a subcortical (amygdaloid) location but is recorded at the cortex via volume conduction, thereby mimicking standard GBA. Although this surge of GBA contains genuine electrophysiological activity and is an intriguing and provocative finding, there is little evidence to suggest that it could act as a kind of neurobiological skeleton for a phenomenon such as NDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel A Shaw
- Department of Anatomy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Zhang Z, Shi P, Zhang K, Li C, Feng X. The frontal association area: exercise-induced brain plasticity in children and adolescents and implications for cognitive intervention practice. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1418803. [PMID: 39301538 PMCID: PMC11410640 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1418803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Explore the plasticity of the frontal associative areas in children and adolescents induced by exercise and potential moderating variables. Methods Computer searches of CNKI, WOS, PubMed and EBSCO databases were conducted, and statistical analyses were performed based on SPSS 25.0, Stata 12.0 and Ginger ALE 2.3 software after literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Results A total of 13 articles, including 425 participants aged 8.9∼16.8 years, were included. Frequency analysis revealed that exercise induced enhanced activation in frontal, parietal, occipital, limbic system and cerebellum (P < 0.01). Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis revealed that exercise altered the activation status of the frontal association (medial frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus), cuneus, lingual gyrus, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus and cerebellar apex, with the volume of activation in the frontal association accounting for 61.81% of the total activation cluster volume and an enhanced activation effect. Additionally, the study design, age, gender, nationality, cognitive tasks, as well as exercise intensity, intervention time, and type of exercise may be potential moderating variables. Particularly, sustained exercise induced a decrease in activation in the left parahippocampal gyrus, culmen, and lingual gyrus, while variable exercise induced an increase in activation in the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion Exercise-induced activation increase in the frontal associative areas of children and adolescents is dominant, especially longer periods of moderate-intensity variable exercise can induce more brain region activation. However, some of the included studies are cross-sectional, and the accuracy of the results still requires further verification. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO, CRD42022348781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Zhang
- School of Life and Health, Huzhou College, Huzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, China
- Department of Graduate Studies, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xiaosu Feng
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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5
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Tahvili F, Destexhe A. A mean-field model of gamma-frequency oscillations in networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. J Comput Neurosci 2024; 52:165-181. [PMID: 38512693 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-024-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are widely seen in the cerebral cortex in different states of the wake-sleep cycle and are thought to play a role in sensory processing and cognition. Here, we study the emergence of gamma oscillations at two levels, in networks of spiking neurons, and a mean-field model. At the network level, we consider two different mechanisms to generate gamma oscillations and show that they are best seen if one takes into account the synaptic delay between neurons. At the mean-field level, we show that, by introducing delays, the mean-field can also produce gamma oscillations. The mean-field matches the mean activity of excitatory and inhibitory populations of the spiking network, as well as their oscillation frequencies, for both mechanisms. This mean-field model of gamma oscillations should be a useful tool to investigate large-scale interactions through gamma oscillations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Tahvili
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, 91400, Saclay, France
- Stem-cell & Brain Research Institute (SBRI), 69500, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Alain Destexhe
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, 91400, Saclay, France.
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6
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Zhang R, Wang Z, Wu T, Cai Y, Tao L, Xiao ZC, Li Y. Learning spiking neuronal networks with artificial neural networks: neural oscillations. J Math Biol 2024; 88:65. [PMID: 38630136 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
First-principles-based modelings have been extremely successful in providing crucial insights and predictions for complex biological functions and phenomena. However, they can be hard to build and expensive to simulate for complex living systems. On the other hand, modern data-driven methods thrive at modeling many types of high-dimensional and noisy data. Still, the training and interpretation of these data-driven models remain challenging. Here, we combine the two types of methods to model stochastic neuronal network oscillations. Specifically, we develop a class of artificial neural networks to provide faithful surrogates to the high-dimensional, nonlinear oscillatory dynamics produced by a spiking neuronal network model. Furthermore, when the training data set is enlarged within a range of parameter choices, the artificial neural networks become generalizable to these parameters, covering cases in distinctly different dynamical regimes. In all, our work opens a new avenue for modeling complex neuronal network dynamics with artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Cai
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Xiao
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 10003, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA.
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7
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Stubbendorff C, Hale E, Bast T, Cassaday HJ, Martin SJ, Suwansawang S, Halliday DM, Stevenson CW. Dopamine D1-like receptors modulate synchronized oscillations in the hippocampal-prefrontal-amygdala circuit in contextual fear. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17631. [PMID: 37848657 PMCID: PMC10582086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is mediated by a neural circuit that includes the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of CFC by neuromodulators remain unclear. Dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in this circuit regulate CFC and local synaptic plasticity, which is facilitated by synchronized oscillations between these areas. In rats, we determined the effects of systemic D1R blockade on CFC and oscillatory synchrony between dorsal hippocampus (DH), prelimbic (PL) cortex, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral hippocampus (VH), which sends hippocampal projections to PL and BLA. D1R blockade altered DH-VH and reduced VH-PL and VH-BLA synchrony during CFC, as inferred from theta and gamma coherence and theta-gamma coupling. D1R blockade also impaired CFC, as indicated by decreased freezing at retrieval, which was characterized by altered DH-VH and reduced VH-PL, VH-BLA, and PL-BLA synchrony. This reduction in VH-PL-BLA synchrony was not fully accounted for by non-specific locomotor effects, as revealed by comparing between epochs of movement and freezing in the controls. These results suggest that D1Rs regulate CFC by modulating synchronized oscillations within the hippocampus-prefrontal-amygdala circuit. They also add to growing evidence indicating that this circuit synchrony at retrieval reflects a neural signature of learned fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stubbendorff
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Ed Hale
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Envigo, Hillcrest, Dodgeford Lane, Belton, LE12 9TE, UK
| | - Tobias Bast
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen J Cassaday
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Martin
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sopapun Suwansawang
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - David M Halliday
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Carl W Stevenson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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8
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Antonoudiou P, Stone B, Colmers PLW, Evans-Strong A, Walton N, Maguire J. Influence of chronic stress on network states governing valence processing: Potential relevance to the risk for psychiatric illnesses. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13274. [PMID: 37186481 PMCID: PMC11025365 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric illnesses and understanding the mechanisms through which stress disrupts behavioral states is imperative to understanding the underlying pathophysiology of mood disorders. Both chronic stress and early life stress alter valence processing, the process of assigning value to sensory inputs and experiences (positive or negative), which determines subsequent behavior and is essential for emotional processing and ultimately survival. Stress disrupts valence processing in both humans and preclinical models, favoring negative valence processing and impairing positive valence processing. Valence assignment involves neural computations performed in emotional processing hubs, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and ventral hippocampus, which can be influenced by neuroendocrine mediators. Oscillations within and between these regions are critical for the neural computations necessary to perform valence processing functions. Major advances in the field have demonstrated a role for oscillatory states in valence processing under physiological conditions and emerging studies are exploring how these network states are altered under pathophysiological conditions and impacted by neuroendocrine factors. The current review highlights what is currently known regarding the impact of stress and the role of neuroendocrine mediators on network states and valence processing. Further, we propose a model in which chronic stress alters information routing through emotional processing hubs, resulting in a facilitation of negative valence processing and a suppression of positive valence processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradly Stone
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Najah Walton
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Li Q, Takeuchi Y, Wang J, Gellért L, Barcsai L, Pedraza LK, Nagy AJ, Kozák G, Nakai S, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Ohsawa M, Horváth G, Kékesi G, Lőrincz ML, Devinsky O, Buzsáki G, Berényi A. Reinstating olfactory bulb-derived limbic gamma oscillations alleviates depression-like behavioral deficits in rodents. Neuron 2023; 111:2065-2075.e5. [PMID: 37164008 PMCID: PMC10321244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the etiology of major depressive disorder remains poorly understood, reduced gamma oscillations is an emerging biomarker. Olfactory bulbectomy, an established model of depression that reduces limbic gamma oscillations, suffers from non-specific effects of structural damage. Here, we show that transient functional suppression of olfactory bulb neurons or their piriform cortex efferents decreased gamma oscillation power in limbic areas and induced depression-like behaviors in rodents. Enhancing transmission of gamma oscillations from olfactory bulb to limbic structures by closed-loop electrical neuromodulation alleviated these behaviors. By contrast, silencing gamma transmission by anti-phase closed-loop stimulation strengthened depression-like behaviors in naive animals. These induced behaviors were neutralized by ketamine treatment that restored limbic gamma power. Taken together, our results reveal a causal link between limbic gamma oscillations and depression-like behaviors in rodents. Interfering with these endogenous rhythms can affect behaviors in rodent models of depression, suggesting that restoring gamma oscillations may alleviate depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Yuichi Takeuchi
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jiale Wang
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Levente Gellért
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Livia Barcsai
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Neunos Inc, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Lizeth K Pedraza
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Anett J Nagy
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Neunos Inc, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Gábor Kozák
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Shinya Nakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohsawa
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Gyöngyi Horváth
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kékesi
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary; Neuroscience Division, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antal Berényi
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary; Neunos Inc, Boston, MA 02108, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Glickman B, LaLumiere RT. Theoretical Considerations for Optimizing the Use of Optogenetics with Complex Behavior. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e836. [PMID: 37439512 PMCID: PMC10406170 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic approaches have allowed researchers to address complex questions about behavior that were previously unanswerable. However, as optogenetic procedures involve a large parameter space across multiple dimensions, it is crucial to consider such parameters in conjunction with the behaviors under study. Here, we discuss strategies to optimize optogenetic approaches with complex behavior by identifying critical experimental design considerations, including frequency specificity, temporal precision, activity-controlled optogenetics, stimulation pattern, and cell-type specificity. We highlight potential limitations or theoretical considerations to be made when manipulating each of these factors of optogenetic experiments. This overview emphasizes the importance of optimizing optogenetic study design to enhance the conclusions that can be drawn about the neuroscience of behavior. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess Glickman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ryan T. LaLumiere
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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11
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Paré D, Headley DB. The amygdala mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple interacting mechanisms. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100529. [PMID: 36970449 PMCID: PMC10034520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotionally arousing experiences are better remembered than neutral ones, highlighting that memory consolidation differentially promotes retention of experiences depending on their survival value. This paper reviews evidence indicating that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple mechanisms. Emotionally arousing events, in part by triggering the release of stress hormones, cause a long-lasting enhancement in the firing rate and synchrony of BLA neurons. BLA oscillations, particularly gamma, play an important role in synchronizing the activity of BLA neurons. In addition, BLA synapses are endowed with a unique property, an elevated post-synaptic expression of NMDA receptors. As a result, the synchronized gamma-related recruitment of BLA neurons facilitates synaptic plasticity at other inputs converging on the same target neurons. Given that emotional experiences are spontaneously remembered during wake and sleep, and that REM sleep is favorable to the consolidation of emotional memories, we propose a synthesis for the various lines of evidence mentioned above: gamma-related synchronized firing of BLA cells potentiates synapses between cortical neurons that were recruited during an emotional experience, either by tagging these cells for subsequent reactivation or by enhancing the effects of reactivation itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Paré
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Drew B. Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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12
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Fernandez-Ruiz A, Sirota A, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Dupret D. Over and above frequency: Gamma oscillations as units of neural circuit operations. Neuron 2023; 111:936-953. [PMID: 37023717 PMCID: PMC7614431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations (∼30-150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal species, brain structures, and behaviors, and are usually identified based on their spectral peak frequency. Yet, despite intensive investigation, whether gamma oscillations implement causal mechanisms of specific brain functions or represent a general dynamic mode of neural circuit operation remains unclear. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the study of gamma oscillations toward a deeper understanding of their cellular mechanisms, neural pathways, and functional roles. We discuss that a given gamma rhythm does not per se implement any specific cognitive function but rather constitutes an activity motif reporting the cellular substrates, communication channels, and computational operations underlying information processing in its generating brain circuit. Accordingly, we propose shifting the attention from a frequency-based to a circuit-level definition of gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Harmata GIS, Chan AC, Merfeld MJ, Taugher-Hebl RJ, Harijan AK, Hardie JB, Fan R, Long JD, Wang GZ, Dlouhy BJ, Bera AK, Narayanan NS, Wemmie JA. Intoxicating effects of alcohol depend on acid-sensing ion channels. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:806-815. [PMID: 36243771 PMCID: PMC10066229 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Persons at risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) differ in their sensitivity to acute alcohol intoxication. Alcohol effects are complex and thought to depend on multiple mechanisms. Here, we explored whether acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) might play a role. We tested ASIC function in transfected CHO cells and amygdala principal neurons, and found alcohol potentiated currents mediated by ASIC1A homomeric channels, but not ASIC1A/2 A heteromeric channels. Supporting a role for ASIC1A in the intoxicating effects of alcohol in vivo, we observed marked alcohol-induced changes on local field potentials in basolateral amygdala, which differed significantly in Asic1a-/- mice, particularly in the gamma, delta, and theta frequency ranges. Altered electrophysiological responses to alcohol in mice lacking ASIC1A, were accompanied by changes in multiple behavioral measures. Alcohol administration during amygdala-dependent fear conditioning dramatically diminished context and cue-evoked memory on subsequent days after the alcohol had cleared. There was a significant alcohol by genotype interaction. Context- and cue-evoked memory were notably worse in Asic1a-/- mice. We further examined acute stimulating and sedating effects of alcohol on locomotor activity, loss of righting reflex, and in an acute intoxication severity scale. We found loss of ASIC1A increased the stimulating effects of alcohol and reduced the sedating effects compared to wild-type mice, despite similar blood alcohol levels. Together these observations suggest a novel role for ASIC1A in the acute intoxicating effects of alcohol in mice. They further suggest that ASICs might contribute to intoxicating effects of alcohol and AUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail I S Harmata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Pharmacological Sciences Predoctoral Research Training Program, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aubrey C Chan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madison J Merfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taugher-Hebl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anjit K Harijan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jason B Hardie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grace Z Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amal K Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Roy J. Carver Chair of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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14
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Wu T, Cai Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Tao L, Xiao ZC. Multi-band oscillations emerge from a simple spiking network. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:043121. [PMID: 37097932 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, coherent neuronal activities often appear simultaneously in multiple frequency bands, e.g., as combinations of alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12.5-30 Hz), and gamma (30-120 Hz) oscillations, among others. These rhythms are believed to underlie information processing and cognitive functions and have been subjected to intense experimental and theoretical scrutiny. Computational modeling has provided a framework for the emergence of network-level oscillatory behavior from the interaction of spiking neurons. However, due to the strong nonlinear interactions between highly recurrent spiking populations, the interplay between cortical rhythms in multiple frequency bands has rarely been theoretically investigated. Many studies invoke multiple physiological timescales (e.g., various ion channels or multiple types of inhibitory neurons) or oscillatory inputs to produce rhythms in multi-bands. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of multi-band oscillations in a simple network consisting of one excitatory and one inhibitory neuronal population driven by constant input. First, we construct a data-driven, Poincaré section theory for robust numerical observations of single-frequency oscillations bifurcating into multiple bands. Then, we develop model reductions of the stochastic, nonlinear, high-dimensional neuronal network to capture the appearance of multi-band dynamics and the underlying bifurcations theoretically. Furthermore, when viewed within the reduced state space, our analysis reveals conserved geometrical features of the bifurcations on low-dimensional dynamical manifolds. These results suggest a simple geometric mechanism behind the emergence of multi-band oscillations without appealing to oscillatory inputs or multiple synaptic or neuronal timescales. Thus, our work points to unexplored regimes of stochastic competition between excitation and inhibition behind the generation of dynamic, patterned neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Yuhang Cai
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Xiao
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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15
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Hudson MR, Jones NC. Deciphering the code: Identifying true gamma neural oscillations. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114205. [PMID: 35985554 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillatory activity occurring in the gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) has been proposed to play essential roles in sensory and cognitive processing. Supporting this, abnormalities in gamma oscillations have been reported in patients with diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is prominent. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning this relationship is the focus of extensive research. But while an increasing number of studies are investigating the intricate relationship between gamma oscillations and cognition, interpretation and generalisation of these studies is limited by the diverse, and at times questionable, methodologies used to analyse oscillatory activity. For example, a variety of different types of gamma oscillatory activity have been characterised, but all are generalised non-specifically as 'gamma oscillations'. This creates confusion, since distinct cellular and network mechanisms are likely responsible for generating these different types of rhythm. Moreover, in some instances, certain analytical measures of electrophysiological data are overinterpreted, with researchers pushing the boundaries of what would be considered rhythmic or oscillatory in nature. Here, we provide clarity on these issues, firstly presenting an overview of the different measures of gamma oscillatory activity, and describing common signal processing techniques used for analysis. Limitations of these techniques are discussed, and recommendations made on how future studies should optimise analyses, presentation and interpretation of gamma frequency oscillations. This is an essential progression in order to harmonise future studies, allowing us to gain a clearer understanding of the role of gamma oscillations in cognition, and in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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16
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Totty MS, Maren S. Neural Oscillations in Aversively Motivated Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:936036. [PMID: 35846784 PMCID: PMC9284508 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.936036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear and anxiety-based disorders are highly debilitating and among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. These disorders are associated with abnormal network oscillations in the brain, yet a comprehensive understanding of the role of network oscillations in the regulation of aversively motivated behavior is lacking. In this review, we examine the oscillatory correlates of fear and anxiety with a particular focus on rhythms in the theta and gamma-range. First, we describe neural oscillations and their link to neural function by detailing the role of well-studied theta and gamma rhythms to spatial and memory functions of the hippocampus. We then describe how theta and gamma oscillations act to synchronize brain structures to guide adaptive fear and anxiety-like behavior. In short, that hippocampal network oscillations act to integrate spatial information with motivationally salient information from the amygdala during states of anxiety before routing this information via theta oscillations to appropriate target regions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, theta and gamma oscillations develop in the amygdala and neocortical areas during the encoding of fear memories, and interregional synchronization reflects the retrieval of both recent and remotely encoded fear memories. Finally, we argue that the thalamic nucleus reuniens represents a key node synchronizing prefrontal-hippocampal theta dynamics for the retrieval of episodic extinction memories in the hippocampus.
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17
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Adam EM, Brown EN, Kopell N, McCarthy MM. Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease can restore dynamics of striatal networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120808119. [PMID: 35500112 PMCID: PMC9171607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120808119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is highly effective in alleviating movement disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its therapeutic mechanism of action is unknown. The healthy striatum exhibits rich dynamics resulting from an interaction of beta, gamma, and theta oscillations. These rhythms are essential to selection and execution of motor programs, and their loss or exaggeration due to dopamine (DA) depletion in PD is a major source of behavioral deficits. Restoring the natural rhythms may then be instrumental in the therapeutic action of DBS. We develop a biophysical networked model of a BG pathway to study how abnormal beta oscillations can emerge throughout the BG in PD and how DBS can restore normal beta, gamma, and theta striatal rhythms. Our model incorporates STN projections to the striatum, long known but understudied, found to preferentially target fast-spiking interneurons (FSI). We find that DBS in STN can normalize striatal medium spiny neuron activity by recruiting FSI dynamics and restoring the inhibitory potency of FSIs observed in normal conditions. We also find that DBS allows the reexpression of gamma and theta rhythms, thought to be dependent on high DA levels and thus lost in PD, through cortical noise control. Our study highlights that DBS effects can go beyond regularizing BG output dynamics to restoring normal internal BG dynamics and the ability to regulate them. It also suggests how gamma and theta oscillations can be leveraged to supplement DBS treatment and enhance its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie M. Adam
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Emery N. Brown
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nancy Kopell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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18
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Chen Y, Wang X, Xiao M, Kang N, Zeng W, Zhang J. Prenatal morphine exposure increases gamma oscillation and theta coherence in the rat reward system. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:246-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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McHale AC, Cho YT, Fudge JL. Cortical Granularity Shapes the Organization of Afferent Paths to the Amygdala and Its Striatal Targets in Nonhuman Primate. J Neurosci 2022; 42:1436-1453. [PMID: 34965977 PMCID: PMC8883863 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0970-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, amygdala, and striatum form interconnected networks that drive motivated behaviors. We previously found a connectional trend in which granularity of the ventromedial and orbital PFC/insula predicted connections to the amygdala, and also the breadth of amygdalo-striatal efferents, including projections beyond the "classic" ventral striatum. To further interrogate connectional relationships among the cortex, amygdala, and striatum, and to further define the "limbic" (amygdala-recipient) striatum, we conducted tract tracing studies in two cohorts of macaques (male n = 14, female n = 1). We focused on the cortico-amygdalo-striatal (indirect) and cortico-"limbic" striatal (direct) paths originating in the entire PFC and insula. Larger datasets and a quantitative approach revealed "cortical rules" in which cortical granularity predicts the complexity and location of projections to both the basal nucleus of the amygdala and striatum. Remarkably, projections from "cortical-like" basal nucleus to the striatum followed similar patterns. In both "direct" and "indirect" paths to the "limbic" striatum, agranular cortices formed a "foundational," broad projection, and were joined by inputs from progressively more differentiated cortices. In amygdalo-striatal paths, the ventral basal nucleus was the "foundational" input, with progressively more dorsal basal nucleus regions gradually adding inputs as the "limbic" striatum extended caudally. Together, the "indirect" and "direct" paths followed consistent principles in which cortical granularity dictated the strength and complexity of projections at their targets. Cluster analyses independently confirmed these connectional trends, and also highlighted connectional features that predicted termination in specific subregions of the basal nucleus and "limbic" striatum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The "limbic" system broadly refers to brain circuits that coordinate emotional responses. Here, we investigate circuits of the amygdala, which are involved in coding the emotional value of external cues, and their influence on the striatum. Regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula form gradients of overlapping inputs to the amygdala's basal nucleus, which feed forward to the striatum. Direct cortical inputs to these "amygdala-recipient" striatal areas are surprisingly organized according to similar principles but subtly shift from the "classic" ventral striatum to the caudal ventral striatum. Together, these distinct subsystems, cortico-amygdalo-striatal circuits and direct cortico-striatal circuits, provide substantial opportunity for different levels of internal, sensory, and external experiences to be integrated within the striatum, a major motor-behavioral interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C McHale
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642
| | - Y T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - J L Fudge
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642
- Child Study Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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20
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The Basolateral Amygdala Mediates the Role of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Integrating Fear Memory Responses. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010017. [PMID: 35054410 PMCID: PMC8781875 DOI: 10.3390/life12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates the effects of stress and fear on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and on REM-related theta (θ) oscillatory activity in the electroencephalograph (EEG), which is implicated in fear memory consolidation. We used optogenetics to assess the potential role of BLA glutamate neurons (BLAGlu) in regulating behavioral, stress and sleep indices of fear memory, and their relationship to altered θ. An excitatory optogenetic construct targeting glutamatergic cells (AAV-CaMKIIα-hChR2-eYFP) was injected into the BLA of mice. Telemetry was used for real-time monitoring of EEG, activity, and body temperature to determine sleep states and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH). For 3 h following shock training (ST: 20 footshocks, 0.5 mA, 0.5 s, 1 min interval), BLA was optogenetically stimulated only during REM (REM + L) or NREM (NREM + L). Mice were then re-exposed to the fear context at 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week after ST and assessed for behavior, SIH, sleep and θ activity. Control mice were infected with a construct without ChR2 (eYFP) and studied under the same conditions. REM + L significantly reduced freezing and facilitated immediate recovery of REM tested at 24 h and 48 h post-ST during contextual re-exposures, whereas NREM + L had no significant effect. REM + L significantly reduced post-ST REM-θ, but attenuated REM-θ reductions at 24 h compared to those found in NREM + L and control mice. Fear-conditioned SIH persisted regardless of treatment. The results demonstrate that BLAGlu activity during post-ST REM mediates the integration of behavioral and sleep indices of fear memory by processes that are associated with θ oscillations within the amygdalo-hippocampal pathway. They also demonstrate that fear memories can remain stressful (as indicated by SIH) even when fear conditioned behavior (freezing) and changes in sleep are attenuated.
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21
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Merino E, Raya-Salom D, Teruel-Martí V, Adell A, Cervera-Ferri A, Martínez-Ricós J. Effects of Acute Stress on the Oscillatory Activity of the Hippocampus-Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Network. Neuroscience 2021; 476:72-89. [PMID: 34543675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Displaying a stress response to threatening stimuli is essential for survival. These reactions must be adjusted to be adaptive. Otherwise, even mental illnesses may develop. Describing the physiological stress response may contribute to distinguishing the abnormal responses that accompany the pathology, which may help to improve the development of both diagnoses and treatments. Recent advances have elucidated many of the processes and structures involved in stress response management; however, there is still much to unravel regarding this phenomenon. The main aim of the present research is to characterize the response of three brain areas deeply involved in the stress response (i.e., to an acute stressful experience). Specifically, the electrophysiological activity of the infralimbic division of the medial prefrontal cortex (IL), the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), and the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) was recorded after the infusion of 0.5 µl of corticosterone-releasing factor into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a procedure which has been validated as a paradigm to cause acute stress. This procedure induced a delayed reduction in slow waves in the three structures, and an increase in faster oscillations, such as those in theta, beta, and gamma bands. The mutual information at low theta frequencies between the BLA and the IL increased, and the delta and slow wave mutual information decreased. The low theta-mid gamma phase-amplitude coupling increased within BLA, as well as between BLA and IL. This electrical pattern may facilitate the activation of these structures, in response to the stressor, and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Merino
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Danae Raya-Salom
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Joana Martínez-Ricós
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
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22
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Cai Y, Wu T, Tao L, Xiao ZC. Model Reduction Captures Stochastic Gamma Oscillations on Low-Dimensional Manifolds. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:678688. [PMID: 34489666 PMCID: PMC8418102 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.678688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma frequency oscillations (25–140 Hz), observed in the neural activities within many brain regions, have long been regarded as a physiological basis underlying many brain functions, such as memory and attention. Among numerous theoretical and computational modeling studies, gamma oscillations have been found in biologically realistic spiking network models of the primary visual cortex. However, due to its high dimensionality and strong non-linearity, it is generally difficult to perform detailed theoretical analysis of the emergent gamma dynamics. Here we propose a suite of Markovian model reduction methods with varying levels of complexity and apply it to spiking network models exhibiting heterogeneous dynamical regimes, ranging from nearly homogeneous firing to strong synchrony in the gamma band. The reduced models not only successfully reproduce gamma oscillations in the full model, but also exhibit the same dynamical features as we vary parameters. Most remarkably, the invariant measure of the coarse-grained Markov process reveals a two-dimensional surface in state space upon which the gamma dynamics mainly resides. Our results suggest that the statistical features of gamma oscillations strongly depend on the subthreshold neuronal distributions. Because of the generality of the Markovian assumptions, our dimensional reduction methods offer a powerful toolbox for theoretical examinations of other complex cortical spatio-temporal behaviors observed in both neurophysiological experiments and numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Cai
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tianyi Wu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Xiao
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Byron N, Semenova A, Sakata S. Mutual Interactions between Brain States and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: A Focus on Gamma and Slow Oscillations. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:707. [PMID: 34439940 PMCID: PMC8389330 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain state varies from moment to moment. While brain state can be defined by ongoing neuronal population activity, such as neuronal oscillations, this is tightly coupled with certain behavioural or vigilant states. In recent decades, abnormalities in brain state have been recognised as biomarkers of various brain diseases and disorders. Intriguingly, accumulating evidence also demonstrates mutual interactions between brain states and disease pathologies: while abnormalities in brain state arise during disease progression, manipulations of brain state can modify disease pathology, suggesting a therapeutic potential. In this review, by focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, we provide an overview of how brain states change in AD patients and mouse models, and how controlling brain states can modify AD pathology. Specifically, we summarise the relationship between AD and changes in gamma and slow oscillations. As pathological changes in these oscillations correlate with AD pathology, manipulations of either gamma or slow oscillations can modify AD pathology in mouse models. We argue that neuromodulation approaches to target brain states are a promising non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Byron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Semenova
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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24
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Headley DB, Kyriazi P, Feng F, Nair SS, Pare D. Gamma Oscillations in the Basolateral Amygdala: Localization, Microcircuitry, and Behavioral Correlates. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6087-6101. [PMID: 34088799 PMCID: PMC8276735 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3159-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral (LA) and basolateral (BL) nuclei of the amygdala regulate emotional behaviors. Despite their dissimilar extrinsic connectivity, they are often combined, perhaps because their cellular composition is similar to that of the cerebral cortex, including excitatory principal cells reciprocally connected with fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). In the cortex, this microcircuitry produces gamma oscillations that support information processing and behavior. We tested whether this was similarly the case in the rat (males) LA and BL using extracellular recordings, biophysical modeling, and behavioral conditioning. During periods of environmental assessment, both nuclei exhibited gamma oscillations that stopped upon initiation of active behaviors. Yet, BL exhibited more robust spontaneous gamma oscillations than LA. The greater propensity of BL to generate gamma resulted from several microcircuit differences, especially the proportion of FSIs and their interconnections with principal cells. Furthermore, gamma in BL but not LA regulated the efficacy of excitatory synaptic transmission between connected neurons. Together, these results suggest fundamental differences in how LA and BL operate. Most likely, gamma in LA is externally driven, whereas in BL it can also arise spontaneously to support ruminative processing and the evaluation of complex situations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The basolateral amygdala (BLA) participates in the production and regulation of emotional behaviors. It is thought to perform this using feedforward circuits that enhance stimuli that gain emotional significance and directs them to valence-appropriate downstream effectors. This perspective overlooks the fact that its microcircuitry is recurrent and potentially capable of generating oscillations in the gamma band (50-80 Hz), which synchronize spiking activity and modulate communication between neurons. This study found that BLA gamma supports both of these processes, is associated with periods of action selection and environmental assessment regardless of valence, and differs between BLA subnuclei in a manner consistent with their heretofore unknown microcircuit differences. Thus, it provides new mechanisms for BLA to support emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Pinelopi Kyriazi
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
- Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Satish S Nair
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Denis Pare
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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25
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Khastkhodaei Z, Muthuraman M, Yang JW, Groppa S, Luhmann HJ. Functional and directed connectivity of the cortico-limbic network in mice in vivo. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:685-700. [PMID: 33442810 PMCID: PMC7981333 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher cognitive processes and emotional regulation depend on densely interconnected telencephalic and limbic areas. Central structures of this cortico-limbic network are ventral hippocampus (vHC), medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAC). Human and animal studies have revealed both anatomical and functional alterations in specific connections of this network in several psychiatric disorders. However, it is often not clear whether functional alterations within these densely interconnected brain areas are caused by modifications in the direct pathways, or alternatively through indirect interactions. We performed multi-site extracellular recordings of spontaneous activity in three different brain regions to study the functional connectivity in the BLA-NAC-PFC-vHC network of the lightly anesthetized mouse in vivo. We show that BLA, NAC, PFC and vHC are functionally connected in distinct frequency bands and determined the influence of a third brain region on this connectivity. In addition to describing mutual synchronicity, we determined the strength of functional connectivity for each region in the BLA-NAC-PFC-vHC network. We find a region-specificity in the strength of feedforward and feedback connections for each region in its interaction with other areas in the network. Our results provide insights into functional and directed connectivity in the cortico-limbic network of adult wild-type mice, which may be helpful to further elucidate the pathophysiological changes of this network in psychiatric disorders and to develop target-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Khastkhodaei
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and MULTIMODAL Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and MULTIMODAL Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Ferri SL, Dow HC, Schoch H, Lee JY, Brodkin ES, Abel T. Age- and sex-specific fear conditioning deficits in mice lacking Pcdh10, an Autism Associated Gene. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107364. [PMID: 33340671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PCDH10 is a gene associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is involved in the growth of thalamocortical projections and dendritic spine elimination. Previously, we characterized Pcdh10 haploinsufficient mice (Pcdh10+/- mice) and found male-specific social deficits and dark phase hypoactivity. Pcdh10+/- males exhibit increased dendritic spine density of immature morphology, decreased NMDAR expression, and decreased gamma synchronization in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we further characterize Pcdh10+/- mice by testing for fear memory, which relies on BLA function. We used both male and female Pcdh10+/- mice and their wild-type littermates at two ages, juvenile and adult, and in two learning paradigms, cued and contextual fear conditioning. We found that males at both ages and in both assays exhibited fear conditioning deficits, but females were only impaired as adults in the cued condition. These data are further evidence for male-specific alterations in BLA-related behaviors in Pcdh10+/- mice and suggest that these mice may be a useful model for dissecting male specific brain and behavioral phenotypes relevant to social and emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Ferri
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Holly C Dow
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31(st) Street, Room 2202, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31(st) Street, Room 2202, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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27
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Kim J, Kim C, Han HB, Cho CJ, Yeom W, Lee SQ, Choi JH. A bird's-eye view of brain activity in socially interacting mice through mobile edge computing (MEC). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabb9841. [PMID: 33268372 PMCID: PMC7821890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social cognition requires neural processing, yet a unifying method linking particular brain activities and social behaviors is lacking. Here, we embedded mobile edge computing (MEC) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) on a neurotelemetry headstage, such that a particular neural event of interest is processed by the MEC and subsequently an LED is illuminated, allowing simultaneous temporospatial visualization of that neural event in multiple, socially interacting mice. As a proof of concept, we configured our system to illuminate an LED in response to gamma oscillations in the basolateral amygdala (BLA gamma) in freely moving mice. We identified (i) BLA gamma responses to a spider robot, (ii) affect-related BLA gamma during conflict, and (iii) formation of defensive aggregation under a threat by the robot, and reduction of BLA gamma responses in the inner-located mice. Our system can provide an intuitive framework for examining brain-behavior connections in various ecological situations and population structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Chaewoo Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Neural Sciences, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hio-Been Han
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Cheol Jun Cho
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Wooseob Yeom
- Intelligent Sensor Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Sung Q Lee
- Intelligent Sensor Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea.
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Neural Sciences, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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28
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Respiration and brain neural dynamics associated with interval timing during odor fear learning in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17643. [PMID: 33077831 PMCID: PMC7573637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In fear conditioning, where a conditioned stimulus predicts the arrival of an aversive stimulus, the animal encodes the time interval between the two stimuli. Here we monitored respiration to visualize anticipatory behavioral responses in an odor fear conditioning in rats, while recording theta (5–15 Hz) and gamma (40–80 Hz) brain oscillatory activities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and olfactory piriform cortex (PIR). We investigated the temporal patterns of respiration frequency and of theta and gamma activity power during the odor-shock interval, comparing two interval durations. We found that akin to respiration patterns, theta temporal curves were modulated by the duration of the odor-shock interval in the four recording sites, and respected scalar property in mPFC and DMS. In contrast, gamma temporal curves were modulated by the interval duration only in the mPFC, and in a manner that did not respect scalar property. This suggests a preferential role for theta rhythm in interval timing. In addition, our data bring the novel idea that the respiratory rhythm might take part in the setting of theta activity dynamics related to timing.
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29
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Padovani L, Tesoriero C, Vyssotski A, Bentivoglio M, Chiamulera C. Hippocampal gamma oscillations by sucrose instrumental memory retrieval in rats across sleep/wake cycle. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135255. [PMID: 32682843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation is a process allowing previously consolidated memories to be updated. In order for memory reconsolidation to occur, a memory first needs to be reactivated. It has been shown recently that memory retrieval during awake/sleep phases may affect susceptibility to memory reactivation. Given the importance of hippocampal gamma frequencies in memory processes, the purpose of the present research was to study changes in gamma bands power during retrieval of instrumental appetitive memories. Local field potentials were recorded in the CA1 area of dorsal hippocampus of Sprague Dawley rats during retrieval of instrumental appetitive memory performed either during light or dark phases of the circadian cycle. Appetitive memory retrieval was performed by using a protocol of sucrose self-administration in operant chambers equipped with levers (Piva et al., 2018): rats were first trained to self-administer sucrose pellets and, after a 14-days forced abstinence stage, memory retrieval stage consisted in training context exposure. At the retrival stage performed during the light phase, a decreased low-gamma power was observed in CA1 when rats were not lever pressing compared to when they were lever pressing (actual instrumental memory retrieval). Moreover, results showed an inverse correlation between gamma power and rate of responding when retrieval was performed in the dark phase. Our findings suggest that hippocampal gamma power is differently modulated when retrieval is performed during the light phase compared to the dark phase. Further investigations should explore the role of gamma oscillations as potential markers of instrumental appetitive memory reactivation in both light and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Padovani
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab., Section Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, P.le Scuro 10, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Tesoriero
- Section Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada le Grazie 8, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alexei Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Section Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada le Grazie 8, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab., Section Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, P.le Scuro 10, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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30
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Morrow JK, Cohen MX, Gothard KM. Mesoscopic-scale functional networks in the primate amygdala. eLife 2020; 9:57341. [PMID: 32876047 PMCID: PMC7490012 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primate amygdala performs multiple functions that may be related to the anatomical heterogeneity of its nuclei. Individual neurons with stimulus- and task-specific responses are not clustered in any of the nuclei, suggesting that single-units may be too-fine grained to shed light on the mesoscale organization of the amygdala. We have extracted from local field potentials recorded simultaneously from multiple locations within the primate (Macaca mulatta) amygdala spatially defined and statistically separable responses to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. A generalized eigendecomposition-based method of source separation isolated coactivity patterns, or components, that in neurophysiological terms correspond to putative subnetworks. Some component spatial patterns mapped onto the anatomical organization of the amygdala, while other components reflected integration across nuclei. These components differentiated between visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli suggesting the presence of functionally distinct parallel subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K Morrow
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, United States
| | - Michael X Cohen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Center for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katalin M Gothard
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
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31
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Tallot L, Doyère V. Neural encoding of time in the animal brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:146-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Hsu CC, Madsen TE, O'Gorman E, Gourley SL, Rainnie DG. Reward-related dynamical coupling between basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1873-1888. [PMID: 32556583 PMCID: PMC7405940 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing reward-related stimuli is crucial for survival. Neuronal projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play an important role in processing reward-related cues. Previous studies revealed synchronization between distant brain regions in reward-sensitive neurocircuits; however, whether the NAc synchronizes with the BLA is unknown. Here, we recorded local field potentials simultaneously from the BLA and NAc of rats during social preference tests and an appetitive conditioning test in which explicit stimuli were associated with food. BLA-NAc coherence in the theta band (5-8 Hz) increased in response to food-associated cues. Meanwhile, the modulatory strength of theta-high gamma (50-110 Hz) phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (PAC) in the NAc decreased. Importantly, both of these neuromodulations disappeared upon extinction. In contrast, both theta and gamma power oscillations in each region increased in the presence of social conspecifics or contexts associated with conspecifics, but coherence did not change. To potentially disrupt behavior and associated neural activity, a subgroup of rats was exposed prenatally to valproic acid (VPA), which has been shown to disrupt transcriptome and excitatory/inhibitory balance in the amygdala. VPA-exposed rats demonstrated impulsive-like behavior, but VPA did not affect BLA-NAc coherence. These findings reveal changes in BLA-NAc coherence in response to select reward-related stimuli (i.e., food-predictive cues); the differences between the tasks used here could shed light onto the functional nature of BLA-NAc coherence and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Hsu
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Teresa E Madsen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Shannon L Gourley
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Donald G Rainnie
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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33
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Chartove JAK, McCarthy MM, Pittman-Polletta BR, Kopell NJ. A biophysical model of striatal microcircuits suggests gamma and beta oscillations interleaved at delta/theta frequencies mediate periodicity in motor control. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007300. [PMID: 32097404 PMCID: PMC7059970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal oscillatory activity is associated with movement, reward, and decision-making, and observed in several interacting frequency bands. Local field potential recordings in rodent striatum show dopamine- and reward-dependent transitions between two states: a "spontaneous" state involving β (∼15-30 Hz) and low γ (∼40-60 Hz), and a state involving θ (∼4-8 Hz) and high γ (∼60-100 Hz) in response to dopaminergic agonism and reward. The mechanisms underlying these rhythmic dynamics, their interactions, and their functional consequences are not well understood. In this paper, we propose a biophysical model of striatal microcircuits that comprehensively describes the generation and interaction of these rhythms, as well as their modulation by dopamine. Building on previous modeling and experimental work suggesting that striatal projection neurons (SPNs) are capable of generating β oscillations, we show that networks of striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) are capable of generating δ/θ (ie, 2 to 6 Hz) and γ rhythms. Under simulated low dopaminergic tone our model FSI network produces low γ band oscillations, while under high dopaminergic tone the FSI network produces high γ band activity nested within a δ/θ oscillation. SPN networks produce β rhythms in both conditions, but under high dopaminergic tone, this β oscillation is interrupted by δ/θ-periodic bursts of γ-frequency FSI inhibition. Thus, in the high dopamine state, packets of FSI γ and SPN β alternate at a δ/θ timescale. In addition to a mechanistic explanation for previously observed rhythmic interactions and transitions, our model suggests a hypothesis as to how the relationship between dopamine and rhythmicity impacts motor function. We hypothesize that high dopamine-induced periodic FSI γ-rhythmic inhibition enables switching between β-rhythmic SPN cell assemblies representing the currently active motor program, and thus that dopamine facilitates movement in part by allowing for rapid, periodic shifts in motor program execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. K. Chartove
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Nancy J. Kopell
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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34
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Vega-Villar M, Horvitz JC, Nicola SM. NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity in the nucleus accumbens connects reward-predictive cues to approach responses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4429. [PMID: 31562332 PMCID: PMC6764993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning associations between environmental cues and rewards is a fundamental adaptive function. Via such learning, reward-predictive cues come to activate approach to locations where reward is available. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is essential for cued approach behavior in trained subjects, and cue-evoked excitations in NAc neurons are critical for the expression of this behavior. Excitatory synapses within the NAc undergo synaptic plasticity that presumably contributes to cued approach acquisition, but a direct link between synaptic plasticity within the NAc and the development of cue-evoked neural activity during learning has not been established. Here we show that, with repeated cue-reward pairings, cue-evoked excitations in the NAc emerge and grow in the trials prior to the detectable expression of cued approach behavior. We demonstrate that the growth of these signals requires NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity within the NAc, revealing a neural mechanism by which the NAc participates in learning of conditioned reward-seeking behaviors. Conditioned stimuli elicit phasic changes in nucleus accumbens (NAc) firing that invigorate approach responses to predicted rewards. Here the authors show that NAc neurons acquire cue-evoked responses during learning as a result of excitatory plasticity within the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vega-Villar
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7/120, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room-111, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jon C Horvitz
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7/120, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Saleem M Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room-111, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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35
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Kanta V, Pare D, Headley DB. Closed-loop control of gamma oscillations in the amygdala demonstrates their role in spatial memory consolidation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3970. [PMID: 31481701 PMCID: PMC6722067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma is a ubiquitous brain rhythm hypothesized to support cognitive, perceptual, and mnemonic functions by coordinating neuronal interactions. While much correlational evidence supports this hypothesis, direct experimental tests have been lacking. Since gamma occurs as brief bursts of varying frequencies and durations, most existing approaches to manipulate gamma are either too slow, delivered irrespective of the rhythm's presence, not spectrally specific, or unsuitable for bidirectional modulation. Here, we overcome these limitations with an approach that accurately detects and modulates endogenous gamma oscillations, using closed-loop signal processing and optogenetic stimulation. We first show that the rat basolateral amygdala (BLA) exhibits prominent gamma oscillations during the consolidation of contextual memories. We then boost or diminish gamma during consolidation, in turn enhancing or impairing subsequent memory strength. Overall, our study establishes the role of gamma oscillations in memory consolidation and introduces a versatile method for studying fast network rhythms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kanta
- Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Denis Pare
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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36
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Headley DB, Kanta V, Kyriazi P, Paré D. Embracing Complexity in Defensive Networks. Neuron 2019; 103:189-201. [PMID: 31319049 PMCID: PMC6641575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neural basis of defensive behaviors continues to attract much interest, not only because they are important for survival but also because their dysregulation may be at the origin of anxiety disorders. Recently, a dominant approach in the field has been the optogenetic manipulation of specific circuits or cell types within these circuits to dissect their role in different defensive behaviors. While the usefulness of optogenetics is unquestionable, we argue that this method, as currently applied, fosters an atomistic conceptualization of defensive behaviors, which hinders progress in understanding the integrated responses of nervous systems to threats. Instead, we advocate for a holistic approach to the problem, including observational study of natural behaviors and their neuronal correlates at multiple sites, coupled to the use of optogenetics, not to globally turn on or off neurons of interest, but to manipulate specific activity patterns hypothesized to regulate defensive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Vasiliki Kanta
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pinelopi Kyriazi
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Denis Paré
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Iturra-Mena AM, Aguilar-Rivera M, Arriagada-Solimano M, Pérez-Valenzuela C, Fuentealba P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Impact of Stress on Gamma Oscillations in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens During Spontaneous Social Interaction. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:151. [PMID: 31354444 PMCID: PMC6636240 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in social behavior is one of the most debilitating symptoms of major depression, a stress related mental illness. Social behavior is modulated by the reward system, and gamma oscillations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) seem to be associated with reward processing. In this scenario, the role of gamma oscillations in depression remains unknown. We hypothesized that gamma oscillations in the rat NAc are sensitive to the effects of social distress. One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) while the other group was left undisturbed (control group). Afterward, a microelectrode array was implanted in the NAc of all animals. Local field potential (LFP) activity was acquired using a wireless recording system. Each implanted rat was placed in an open field chamber for a non-social interaction condition, followed by introducing another unfamiliar rat, creating a social interaction condition, where the implanted rat interacted freely and continuously with the unfamiliar conspecific in a natural-like manner (see Supplementary Videos). We found that the high-gamma band power in the NAc of non-stressed rats was higher during the social interaction compared to a non-social interaction condition. Conversely, we did not find significant differences at this level in the stressed rats when comparing the social interaction- and non-social interaction condition. These findings suggest that high-gamma oscillations in the NAc are involved in social behavior. Furthermore, alterations at this level could be an electrophysiological signature of the effect of chronic social stress on reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mary Iturra-Mena
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcia Arriagada-Solimano
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Department of Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Integrative Neurobiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Cortico-Striatal Cross-Frequency Coupling and Gamma Genesis Disruptions in Huntington's Disease Mouse and Computational Models. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0210-18. [PMID: 30627632 PMCID: PMC6325534 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0210-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gamma band power across cortex and striatum is an important phenotype of Huntington's disease (HD) in both patients and animal models, but neither the origin nor the functional relevance of this phenotype is well understood. Here, we analyzed local field potential (LFP) activity in freely behaving, symptomatic R6/2 and Q175 mouse models and corresponding wild-type (WT) controls. We focused on periods of quiet rest, which show strong γ activity in HD mice. Simultaneous recording from motor cortex and its target area in dorsal striatum in the R6/2 model revealed exaggerated functional coupling over that observed in WT between the phase of delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) in cortex and striatum and striatal amplitude modulation of low γ frequencies (25-55 Hz; i.e., phase-amplitude coupling, PAC), but no evidence that abnormal cortical activity alone can account for the increase in striatal γ power. Both HD mouse models had stronger coupling of γ amplitude to δ phase and more unimodal phase distributions than their WT counterparts. To assess the possible role of striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in these phenomena, we developed a computational model based on additional striatal recordings from Q175 mice. Changes in peak γ frequency and power ratio were readily reproduced by our computational model, accounting for several experimental findings reported in the literature. Our results suggest that HD is characterized by both a reorganization of cortico-striatal drive and specific population changes related to intrastriatal synaptic coupling.
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Gao S, Geng Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Yao S. Encoding Praise and Criticism During Social Evaluation Alters Interactive Responses in the Mentalizing and Affective Learning Networks. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:611. [PMID: 30233296 PMCID: PMC6131607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal communication with evaluative characters of different emotional valence has a considerable impact on the extent to which social relations are facilitated or undermined. Here using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated how the brain acts in response to social praise and criticism, leading to differential affective judgments. We engaged thirty men and women in a task associating sex-balanced, neutral faces with praising or criticizing comments targeting others or objects. A whole-brain analysis revealed that criticism as compared to praise enhanced the activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), particularly its dorsal portion, whereas the right amygdala displayed an opposite pattern of changes. Comments on others relative to objects increased the reactivity in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) such that both praise and criticism of others produced stronger activation in these two regions than their object-targeted counterparts. The interaction of valence and target was identified in the mPFC with greater reactivity in the contrasts of criticism vs. praise in the social context and others- vs. object-targeted criticism. Comments also modulated the functional connectivity of prior activated regions with the left temporoparietal junction, bilateral caudate and left PCC/precuneus showing reduced connectivity in response to social criticism but greatly strengthened connectivity for social praise as compared to non-social counterparts. These neural effects subsequently led to altered likeability ratings for the faces. Neither behavioral nor neural effects observed were influenced by the gender of participants. Taken together, our findings suggest a fundamental interactive role of the mentalizing and affective learning networks in differential encoding of individuals associated with praising or criticizing others, leading to learning of valenced traits and subsequent approach or avoidance responses in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yayuan Geng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhou
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Schneider TR, Hipp JF, Domnick C, Carl C, Büchel C, Engel AK. Modulation of neuronal oscillatory activity in the beta- and gamma-band is associated with current individual anxiety levels. Neuroimage 2018; 178:423-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Neural Coding of Appetitive Food Experiences in the Amygdala. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:261-275. [PMID: 30125697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Real-life experiences involve the consumption of various foods, yet it is unclear how the brain distinguishes and categorizes such food experiences. Despite the crucial roles of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in appetitive behavior and emotion, how BLA pyramidal cells and interneurons encode food experiences has not yet been well characterized. Here we employ large-scale tetrode recording techniques to investigate the coding properties of pyramidal neurons vs. fast-spiking interneurons in the BLA as mice freely consumed a variety of foods, such as biscuits, rice, milk and water. We found that putative pyramidal cells conformed to the power-of-two-based permutation logic, as postulated by the Theory of Connectivity, to generate specific-to-general neural clique-coding patterns. Many pyramidal cells exhibited firing increases specific to a given food type, while some other pyramidal cells increased firings to various combinations of multiple foods. In contrast, fast-spiking interneurons can increase or decrease firings to given food types, and were more broadly tuned to various food experiences. We further show that a subset of pyramidal cells exhibited rapid desensitization to repeated eating of the same food, correlated with rapid behavioral habituation. Finally, we provide the intuitive visualization of BLA ensemble activation patterns using the dimensionality-reduction classification method to decode real-time appetitive stimulus identity on a moment-to-moment, single trial basis. Elucidation of the neural coding patterns in the BLA provides a key insight into how the brain's emotion and memory circuits performs the computational operation of pattern discrimination and categorization of natural food experiences.
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Tingley D, Alexander AS, Quinn LK, Chiba AA, Nitz D. Multiplexed oscillations and phase rate coding in the basal forebrain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3230. [PMID: 30083600 PMCID: PMC6070333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors demand temporal coordination among functionally distinct brain regions. The basal forebrain's afferent and efferent structure suggests a capacity for mediating this coordination at a large scale. During performance of a spatial orientation task, synaptic activity in this region was dominated by four amplitude-independent oscillations temporally organized by the phase of the slowest, a theta-frequency rhythm. Oscillation amplitudes were also organized by task epoch and positively correlated to the task-related modulation of individual neuron firing rates. For many neurons, spiking was temporally organized through phase precession against theta band field potential oscillations. Theta phase precession advanced in parallel to task progression, rather than absolute spatial location or time. Together, the findings reveal a process by which associative brain regions can integrate independent oscillatory inputs and transform them into sequence-specific, rate-coded outputs that are adaptive to the pace with which organisms interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tingley
- New York University (NYU) Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, NYU, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laleh K. Quinn
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrea A. Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Douglas Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
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Aitta-aho T, Hay YA, Phillips BU, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Paulsen O, Apergis-Schoute J. Basal Forebrain and Brainstem Cholinergic Neurons Differentially Impact Amygdala Circuits and Learning-Related Behavior. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2557-2569.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaag AM, Reneman L, Homberg J, van den Brink W, van Wingen GA. Enhanced Amygdala-Striatal Functional Connectivity during the Processing of Cocaine Cues in Male Cocaine Users with a History of Childhood Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29593581 PMCID: PMC5857536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood trauma is associated with increased levels of anxiety later in life, an increased risk for the development of substance use disorders, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the amygdala and frontostriatal circuitry. The aim of this study was to investigate the (neurobiological) link among childhood trauma, state anxiety, and amygdala-frontostriatal activity in response to cocaine cues in regular cocaine users. METHODS In this study, we included 59 non-treatment seeking regular cocaine users and 58 non-drug using controls. Blood oxygenation level-dependent responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects performed a cue reactivity paradigm with cocaine and neutral cues. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were applied to assess functional connectivity between the amygdala and other regions in the brain. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure childhood trauma, state anxiety, drug use, drug use severity, and craving. RESULTS Neural activation was increased during the presentation of cocaine cues, in a widespread network including the frontostriatal circuit and amygdala in cocaine users but not in controls. Functional coupling between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex was reduced in response to cocaine cues, in both cocaine users and controls, which was further diminished with increasing state anxiety. Importantly, amygdala-striatal connectivity was positively associated with childhood trauma in regular cocaine users, while there was a negative association in controls. At the behavioral level, state anxiety was positively associated with cocaine use severity and craving related to negative reinforcement. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma is associated with enhanced amygdala-striatal connectivity during cocaine cue reactivity in regular cocaine users, which may contribute to increased habit behavior and poorer cognitive control. While we cannot draw conclusions on causality, this study provides novel information on how childhood trauma may contribute to the development and persistence of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Departement of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido A. van Wingen
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hidisoglu E, Kantar-Gok D, Er H, Acun AD, Yargicoglu P. Alterations in spontaneous delta and gamma activity might provide clues to detect changes induced by amyloid-β administration. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1013-1023. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Deniz Kantar-Gok
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Alev Duygu Acun
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargicoglu
- Department of Biophysics; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine; Dumlupinar Boulevard TR-07058 Campus; Antalya Turkey
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Amir A, Headley DB, Lee SC, Haufler D, Paré D. Vigilance-Associated Gamma Oscillations Coordinate the Ensemble Activity of Basolateral Amygdala Neurons. Neuron 2018; 97:656-669.e7. [PMID: 29420934 PMCID: PMC5809002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Principal basolateral amygdala (BL) neurons profoundly influence motivated behaviors, yet few of them are activated by emotionally valenced stimuli. Here, we show that a likely explanation for this paradox is the synchronizing influence of the high-gamma rhythm. High-gamma (75-95 Hz) entrained BL firing more strongly than all other rhythms. It was most pronounced during states of increased vigilance, when rats were apprehensive. Relative to behavioral states, high-gamma produced minor changes in firing rates yet dramatic increases in synchrony. Moreover, connected pairs of cells showed similarly high levels of entrainment and synchronization. Unexpectedly, prefrontal- and accumbens-projecting cells, respectively, showed high and low entrainment by high-gamma, indicating that this rhythm differentially synchronizes the activity of BL neurons projecting to specific sites. Overall, our findings suggest that individual BL neurons encode information not only by changing their firing rates, but also by synchronizing their collective activity, amplifying their impact on target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Amir
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Seung-Chan Lee
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Darrell Haufler
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Denis Paré
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Xiao Z, Wang B, Sornborger AT, Tao L. Mutual Information and Information Gating in Synfire Chains. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20020102. [PMID: 33265193 PMCID: PMC7512595 DOI: 10.3390/e20020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coherent neuronal activity is believed to underlie the transfer and processing of information in the brain. Coherent activity in the form of synchronous firing and oscillations has been measured in many brain regions and has been correlated with enhanced feature processing and other sensory and cognitive functions. In the theoretical context, synfire chains and the transfer of transient activity packets in feedforward networks have been appealed to in order to describe coherent spiking and information transfer. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the classical synfire chain architecture, with the addition of suitably timed gating currents, can support the graded transfer of mean firing rates in feedforward networks (called synfire-gated synfire chains—SGSCs). Here we study information propagation in SGSCs by examining mutual information as a function of layer number in a feedforward network. We explore the effects of gating and noise on information transfer in synfire chains and demonstrate that asymptotically, two main regions exist in parameter space where information may be propagated and its propagation is controlled by pulse-gating: a large region where binary codes may be propagated, and a smaller region near a cusp in parameter space that supports graded propagation across many layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Xiao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Binxu Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Yuanpei School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Andrew T. Sornborger
- Information Sciences, CCS-3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Correspondence: (A.T.S.); (L.T.)
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Samson RD, Lester AW, Duarte L, Venkatesh A, Barnes CA. Emergence of β-Band Oscillations in the Aged Rat Amygdala during Discrimination Learning and Decision Making Tasks. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0245-17.2017. [PMID: 29034315 PMCID: PMC5629614 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0245-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults tend to use strategies that differ from those used by young adults to solve decision-making tasks. MRI experiments suggest that altered strategy use during aging can be accompanied by a change in extent of activation of a given brain region, inter-hemispheric bilateralization or added brain structures. It has been suggested that these changes reflect compensation for less effective networks to enable optimal performance. One way that communication can be influenced within and between brain networks is through oscillatory events that help structure and synchronize incoming and outgoing information. It is unknown how aging impacts local oscillatory activity within the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). The present study recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and single units in old and young rats during the performance of tasks that involve discrimination learning and probabilistic decision making. We found task- and age-specific increases in power selectively within the β range (15-30 Hz). The increased β power occurred after lever presses, as old animals reached the goal location. Periods of high-power β developed over training days in the aged rats, and was greatest in early trials of a session. β Power was also greater after pressing for the large reward option. These data suggest that aging of BLA networks results in strengthened synchrony of β oscillations when older animals are learning or deciding between rewards of different size. Whether this increased synchrony reflects the neural basis of a compensatory strategy change of old animals in reward-based decision-making tasks, remains to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Samson
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Adam W. Lester
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Leroy Duarte
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Anu Venkatesh
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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Subcortical Source and Modulation of the Narrowband Gamma Oscillation in Mouse Visual Cortex. Neuron 2017; 93:315-322. [PMID: 28103479 PMCID: PMC5263254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary visual cortex exhibits two types of gamma rhythm: broadband activity in the 30–90 Hz range and a narrowband oscillation seen in mice at frequencies close to 60 Hz. We investigated the sources of the narrowband gamma oscillation, the factors modulating its strength, and its relationship to broadband gamma activity. Narrowband and broadband gamma power were uncorrelated. Increasing visual contrast had opposite effects on the two rhythms: it increased broadband activity, but suppressed the narrowband oscillation. The narrowband oscillation was strongest in layer 4 and was mediated primarily by excitatory currents entrained by the synchronous, rhythmic firing of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The power and peak frequency of the narrowband gamma oscillation increased with light intensity. Silencing the cortex optogenetically did not abolish the narrowband oscillation in either LGN firing or cortical excitatory currents, suggesting that this oscillation reflects unidirectional flow of signals from thalamus to cortex. Mouse V1 exhibits a pronounced narrowband gamma oscillation close to 60 Hz This oscillation is strongest in layer 4 and specific to excitatory currents It increases with arousal and light intensity and decreases with visual contrast It is seen in lateral geniculate neurons, regardless of V1 activity
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Interaction of Instrumental and Goal-Directed Learning Modulates Prediction Error Representations in the Ventral Striatum. J Neurosci 2017; 36:12650-12660. [PMID: 27974615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1677-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed and instrumental learning are both important controllers of human behavior. Learning about which stimulus event occurs in the environment and the reward associated with them allows humans to seek out the most valuable stimulus and move through the environment in a goal-directed manner. Stimulus-response associations are characteristic of instrumental learning, whereas response-outcome associations are the hallmark of goal-directed learning. Here we provide behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging results from a novel task in which stimulus-response and response-outcome associations are learned simultaneously but dominate behavior at different stages of the experiment. We found that prediction error representations in the ventral striatum depend on which type of learning dominates. Furthermore, the amygdala tracks the time-dependent weighting of stimulus-response versus response-outcome learning. Our findings suggest that the goal-directed and instrumental controllers dynamically engage the ventral striatum in representing prediction errors whenever one of them is dominating choice behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Converging evidence in human neuroimaging studies has shown that the reward prediction errors are correlated with activity in the ventral striatum. Our results demonstrate that this region is simultaneously correlated with a stimulus prediction error. Furthermore, the learning system that is currently dominating behavioral choice dynamically engages the ventral striatum for computing its prediction errors. This demonstrates that the prediction error representations are highly dynamic and influenced by various experimental context. This finding points to a general role of the ventral striatum in detecting expectancy violations and encoding error signals regardless of the specific nature of the reinforcer itself.
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