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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Munn RG, Bilkey DK, Ward RD. Basal forebrain and prelimbic cortex connectivity is related to behavioral response in an attention task. iScience 2024; 27:109266. [PMID: 38439980 PMCID: PMC10910283 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is critical for the motivational recruitment of attention in response to reward-related cues. This finding is consistent with a role for the BF in encoding and transmitting motivational salience and readying prefrontal circuits for further attentional processing. We recorded local field potentials to determine connectivity between prelimbic cortex (PrL) and BF during the modulation of attention by reward-related cues. We find that theta and gamma power are robustly associated with behavior. Power in both bands is significantly lower during trials in which an incorrect behavioral response is made. We find strong coherence during responses that are significantly stronger when a correct response is made. We show that information flow is largely monodirectional from BF to and is strongest when correct responses are made. These experiments demonstrate that connectivity between BF and the PrL increases during periods of increased motivational recruitment of attentional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert G.K. Munn
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ryan D. Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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2
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Manzur HE, Vlasov K, Jhong YJ, Chen HY, Lin SC. The behavioral signature of stepwise learning strategy in male rats and its neural correlate in the basal forebrain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4415. [PMID: 37479696 PMCID: PMC10362048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of associative learning have commonly focused on how rewarding outcomes are predicted by either sensory stimuli or animals' actions. However, in many learning scenarios, reward delivery requires the occurrence of both sensory stimuli and animals' actions in a specific order, in the form of behavioral sequences. How such behavioral sequences are learned is much less understood. Here we provide behavioral and neurophysiological evidence to show that behavioral sequences are learned using a stepwise strategy. In male rats learning a new association, learning started from the behavioral event closest to the reward and sequentially incorporated earlier events. This led to the sequential refinement of reward-seeking behaviors, which was characterized by the stepwise elimination of ineffective and non-rewarded behavioral sequences. At the neuronal level, this stepwise learning process was mirrored by the sequential emergence of basal forebrain neuronal responses toward each event, which quantitatively conveyed a reward prediction error signal and promoted reward-seeking behaviors. Together, these behavioral and neural signatures revealed how behavioral sequences were learned in discrete steps and when each learning step took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachi E Manzur
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ksenia Vlasov
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - You-Jhe Jhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Liang JN, Hu WT, Gu YT, Cheng TH, Geng JS, Wang KL, Wang LJ, Yao XR, Shen JF, Wang YY. Impairment of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli in individuals with subclinical depression. Psych J 2022; 11:327-334. [PMID: 35419989 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Response inhibition, a crucial component of executive function, is closely related to personal impulse control, social adaption, and mental health. Previous studies have found response inhibition deficit in patients with major depressive disorder, but whether it also exists in individuals with subclinical depression (SD) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the ability of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli both under explicit and implicit conditions in individuals with SD. Thirty-six subclinical depressed college students and 39 healthy individuals were recruited and administered the non-emotional, explicit, and implicit emotional stop-signal tasks (SSTs). Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to analyze the differences between and within groups. In implicit emotional SST, the results showed a significant longer stop-signal response time, a shorter stop-signal delay time, a shorter go reaction time, and a similar proportion of stop success in the SD group compared to healthy controls. However, the above indices showed no significant difference between the two groups in the non-emotional SST and explicit emotional SST. These findings suggest a possible defect of response inhibition in implicit emotional processing in individuals with SD, which may potentially serve as a marker of susceptibility to depression and thus be applied to early screening and intervention for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ning Liang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Gu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tian-Hua Cheng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia-Sen Geng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kui-Lai Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin-Ran Yao
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jian-Fei Shen
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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4
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Caglayan A, Stumpenhorst K, Winter Y. The Stop Signal Task for Measuring Behavioral Inhibition in Mice With Increased Sensitivity and High-Throughput Operation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:777767. [PMID: 34955779 PMCID: PMC8696275 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.777767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceasing an ongoing motor response requires action cancelation. This is impaired in many pathologies such as attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia. Action cancelation is measured by the stop signal task that estimates how quickly a motor response can be stopped when it is already being executed. Apart from human studies, the stop signal task has been used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of action cancelation overwhelmingly in rats and only rarely in mice, despite the need for a genetic model approach. Contributing factors to the limited number of mice studies may be the long and laborious training that is necessary and the requirement for a very loud (100 dB) stop signal. We overcame these limitations by employing a fully automated home-cage-based setup. We connected a home-cage to the operant box via a gating mechanism, that allowed individual ID chipped mice to start sessions voluntarily. Furthermore, we added a negative reinforcement consisting of a mild air puff with escape option to the protocol. This specifically improved baseline inhibition to 94% (from 84% with the conventional approach). To measure baseline inhibition the stop is signaled immediately with trial onset thus measuring action restraint rather than action cancelation ability. A high baseline allowed us to measure action cancelation ability with higher sensitivity. Furthermore, our setup allowed us to reduce the intensity of the acoustic stop signal from 100 to 70 dB. We constructed inhibition curves from stop trials with daily adjusted delays to estimate stop signal reaction times (SSRTs). SSRTs (median 88 ms) were lower than reported previously, which we attribute to the observed high baseline inhibition. Our automated training protocol reduced training time by 17% while also promoting minimal experimenter involvement. This sensitive and labor efficient stop signal task procedure should therefore facilitate the investigation of action cancelation pathologies in genetic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - York Winter
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Excellenzcluster NeuroCure, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11751. [PMID: 34083732 PMCID: PMC8175342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has been clinically investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). However, the clinical effects are highly variable, which questions the suggested basic principles underlying these clinical trials. Therefore, preclinical and clinical data on the design of NBM stimulation experiments and its effects on behavioral and neurophysiological aspects are systematically reviewed here. Animal studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the NBM enhanced cognition, increased the release of acetylcholine, enhanced cerebral blood flow, released several neuroprotective factors, and facilitates plasticity of cortical and subcortical receptive fields. However, the translation of these outcomes to current clinical practice is hampered by the fact that mainly animals with an intact NBM were used, whereas most animals were stimulated unilaterally, with different stimulation paradigms for only restricted timeframes. Future animal research has to refine the NBM stimulation methods, using partially lesioned NBM nuclei, to better resemble the clinical situation in AD, and LBD. More preclinical data on the effect of stimulation of lesioned NBM should be present, before DBS of the NBM in human is explored further.
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Brockett AT, Roesch MR. Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task. Brain Sci 2021; 11:617. [PMID: 34064876 PMCID: PMC8151620 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to inhibit or suppress unwanted or inappropriate actions, is an essential component of executive function and cognitive health. The immense selective pressure placed on maintaining inhibitory control processes is exemplified by the relatively small number of instances in which these systems completely fail in the average person's daily life. Although mistakes and errors do inevitably occur, inhibitory control systems not only ensure that this number is low, but have also adapted behavioral strategies to minimize future failures. The ability of our brains to adapt our behavior and appropriately engage proper motor responses is traditionally depicted as the primary domain of frontal brain areas, despite evidence to the fact that numerous other brain areas contribute. Using the stop-signal task as a common ground for comparison, we review a large body of literature investigating inhibitory control processes across frontal, temporal, and midbrain structures, focusing on our recent work in rodents, in an effort to understand how the brain biases action selection and adapts to the experience of conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Brockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Matthew R. Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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7
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Khalighinejad N, Bongioanni A, Verhagen L, Folloni D, Attali D, Aubry JF, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. A Basal Forebrain-Cingulate Circuit in Macaques Decides It Is Time to Act. Neuron 2019; 105:370-384.e8. [PMID: 31813653 PMCID: PMC6975166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex has been linked to voluntary action, but an explanation of why decisions to act emerge at particular points in time has been lacking. We show that, in macaques, decisions about whether and when to act are predicted by a set of features defining the animal’s current and past context; for example, respectively, cues indicating the current average rate of reward and recent previous voluntary action decisions. We show that activity in two brain areas—the anterior cingulate cortex and basal forebrain—tracks these contextual factors and mediates their effects on behavior in distinct ways. We use focused transcranial ultrasound to selectively and effectively stimulate deep in the brain, even as deep as the basal forebrain, and demonstrate that alteration of activity in the two areas changes decisions about when to act. Likelihood and timing of voluntary action in macaques can be partially predicted Recent experience and present context influence when voluntary action occurs A basal forebrain-cingulate circuit mediated effects of these factors on behavior Stimulation of this circuit by ultrasound changed decisions about when to act
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khalighinejad
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK.
| | - Alessandro Bongioanni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 XZ, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France; Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Inserm U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris University, Paris 75014, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Sainte-Anne Hospital, UGH Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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8
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Agostinelli LJ, Geerling JC, Scammell TE. Basal forebrain subcortical projections. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1097-1117. [PMID: 30612231 PMCID: PMC6500474 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-01820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) contains at least three distinct populations of neurons (cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABA-ergic) across its different regions (medial septum, diagonal band, magnocellular preoptic area, and substantia innominata). Much attention has focused on the BF's ascending projections to cortex, but less is known about descending projections to subcortical regions. Given the neurochemical and anatomical heterogeneity of the BF, we used conditional anterograde tracing to map the patterns of subcortical projections from multiple BF regions and neurochemical cell types using mice that express Cre recombinase only in cholinergic, glutamatergic, or GABAergic neurons. We confirmed that different BF regions innervate distinct subcortical targets, with more subcortical projections arising from neurons in the caudal and lateral BF (substantia innominata and magnocellular preoptic area). Additionally, glutamatergic and GABAergic BF neurons have distinct patterns of descending projections, while cholinergic descending projections are sparse. Considering the intensity of glutamatergic and GABAergic descending projections, the BF likely acts through subcortical targets to promote arousal, motivation, and other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Agostinelli
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joel C Geerling
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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9
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Ogasawara T, Nejime M, Takada M, Matsumoto M. Primate Nigrostriatal Dopamine System Regulates Saccadic Response Inhibition. Neuron 2018; 100:1513-1526.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Brockett AT, Pribut HJ, Vázquez D, Roesch MR. The impact of drugs of abuse on executive function: characterizing long-term changes in neural correlates following chronic drug exposure and withdrawal in rats. Learn Mem 2018; 25:461-473. [PMID: 30115768 PMCID: PMC6097763 DOI: 10.1101/lm.047001.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Addiction has long been characterized by diminished executive function, control, and impulsivity management. In particular, these deficits often manifest themselves as impairments in reversal learning, delay discounting, and response inhibition. Understanding the neurobiological substrates of these behavioral deficits is of paramount importance to our understanding of addiction. Within the cycle of addiction, periods during and after withdrawal represent a particularly difficult point of intervention in that the negative physical symptoms associated with drug removal and drug craving increase the likelihood that the patient will relapse and return to drug use in order to abate these symptoms. Moreover, it is often during this time that drug induced deficits in executive function hinder the ability of the patient to refrain from drug use. Thus, it is necessary to understand the physiological and behavioral changes associated with withdrawal and drug craving-largely manifesting as deficits in executive control-to develop more effective treatment strategies. In this review, we address the long-term impact that drugs of abuse have on the behavioral and neural correlates that give rise to executive control as measured by reversal learning, delay discounting, and stop-signal tasks, focusing particularly on our work using rats as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Brockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Heather J Pribut
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Daniela Vázquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Matthew R Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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11
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Yoshida J, Saiki A, Soma S, Yamanaka K, Nonomura S, Ríos A, Kawabata M, Kimura M, Sakai Y, Isomura Y. Area-specific Modulation of Functional Cortical Activity During Block-based and Trial-based Proactive Inhibition. Neuroscience 2018; 388:297-316. [PMID: 30077617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animals can suppress their behavioral response in advance according to changes in environmental context (proactive inhibition: delaying the start of response), a process in which several cortical areas may participate. However, it remains unclear how this process is adaptively regulated according to contextual changes on different timescales. To address the issue, we used an improved stop-signal task paradigm to behaviorally and electrophysiologically characterize the temporal aspect of proactive inhibition in head-fixed rats. In the task, they must respond to a go cue as quickly as possible (go trial), but did not have to respond if a stop cue followed the go cue (stop trial). The task alternated between a block of only go trials (G-block) and a block of go-and-stop trials (GS-block). We observed block-based and trial-based proactive inhibition (emerging in GS-block and after stop trial, respectively) by behaviorally evaluating the delay in reaction time in correct go trials depending on contextual changes on different timescales. We electrophysiologically analyzed task-related neuronal activity in the primary and secondary motor, posterior parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices (M1, M2, PPC, and OFC, respectively). Under block-based proactive inhibition, spike activity of cue-preferring OFC neurons was attenuated continuously, while M1 and M2 activity was enhanced during motor preparation. Subsequently, M1 activity was attenuated during motor decision/execution. Under trial-based proactive inhibition, the OFC activity was continuously enhanced, and PPC and M1 activity was also enhanced shortly during motor decision/execution. These results suggest that different cortical mechanisms underlie the two types of proactive inhibition in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Akiko Saiki
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shogo Soma
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nonomura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Alain Ríos
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawabata
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sakai
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Isomura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan.
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12
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Tingley D, Alexander AS, Quinn LK, Chiba AA, Nitz D. Multiplexed oscillations and phase rate coding in the basal forebrain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3230. [PMID: 30083600 PMCID: PMC6070333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors demand temporal coordination among functionally distinct brain regions. The basal forebrain's afferent and efferent structure suggests a capacity for mediating this coordination at a large scale. During performance of a spatial orientation task, synaptic activity in this region was dominated by four amplitude-independent oscillations temporally organized by the phase of the slowest, a theta-frequency rhythm. Oscillation amplitudes were also organized by task epoch and positively correlated to the task-related modulation of individual neuron firing rates. For many neurons, spiking was temporally organized through phase precession against theta band field potential oscillations. Theta phase precession advanced in parallel to task progression, rather than absolute spatial location or time. Together, the findings reveal a process by which associative brain regions can integrate independent oscillatory inputs and transform them into sequence-specific, rate-coded outputs that are adaptive to the pace with which organisms interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tingley
- New York University (NYU) Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, NYU, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laleh K. Quinn
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrea A. Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Douglas Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
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13
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Manza P, Amandola M, Tatineni V, Li CSR, Leung HC. Response inhibition in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of dopaminergic medication and disease duration effects. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:23. [PMID: 28702504 PMCID: PMC5501877 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-017-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia that results in a host of motor and cognitive deficits. Dopamine-replacement therapy ameliorates some of the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but whether these medications improve deficits in response inhibition, a critical executive function for behavioral control, has been questioned. Several studies of Parkinson's disease patients "on" and "off" (12-h withdrawal) dopaminergic medications suggested that dopamine-replacement therapy did not provide significant response inhibition benefits. However, these studies tended to include patients with moderate-to-advanced Parkinson's disease, when the efficacy of dopaminergic drugs is reduced compared to early-stage Parkinson's disease. In contrast, a few recent studies in early-stage Parkinson's disease report that dopaminergic drugs do improve response inhibition deficits. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that Parkinson's disease duration interacts with medication status to produce changes in cognitive function. To investigate this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls on tests of response inhibition (50 comparisons from 42 studies). The findings supported the hypothesis; medication benefited response inhibition in patients with shorter disease duration, whereas "off" medication, moderate deficits were present that were relatively unaffected by disease duration. These findings support the role of dopamine in response inhibition and suggest the need to consider disease duration in research of the efficacy of dopamine-replacement therapy on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | - Matthew Amandola
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | | | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
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Duque J, Greenhouse I, Labruna L, Ivry RB. Physiological Markers of Motor Inhibition during Human Behavior. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:219-236. [PMID: 28341235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in humans have shown that many behaviors engage processes that suppress excitability within the corticospinal tract. Inhibition of the motor output pathway has been extensively studied in the context of action stopping, where a planned movement needs to be abruptly aborted. Recent TMS work has also revealed markers of motor inhibition during the preparation of movement. Here, we review the evidence for motor inhibition during action stopping and action preparation, focusing on studies that have used TMS to monitor changes in the excitability of the corticospinal pathway. We discuss how these physiological results have motivated theoretical models of how the brain selects actions, regulates movement initiation and execution, and switches from one state to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ludovica Labruna
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard B Ivry
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Wei W, Wang XJ. Inhibitory Control in the Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Loop: Complex Regulation and Interplay with Memory and Decision Processes. Neuron 2016; 92:1093-1105. [PMID: 27866799 PMCID: PMC5193098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a circuit model of spiking neurons that includes multiple pathways in the basal ganglia (BG) and is endowed with feedback mechanisms at three levels: cortical microcircuit, corticothalamic loop, and cortico-BG-thalamocortical system. We focused on executive control in a stop signal task, which is known to depend on BG across species. The model reproduces a range of experimental observations and shows that the newly discovered feedback projection from external globus pallidus to striatum is crucial for inhibitory control. Moreover, stopping process is enhanced by the cortico-subcortical reverberatory dynamics underlying persistent activity, establishing interdependence between working memory and inhibitory control. Surprisingly, the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) can be adjusted by weights of certain connections but is insensitive to other connections in this complex circuit, suggesting novel circuit-based intervention for inhibitory control deficits associated with mental illness. Our model provides a unified framework for inhibitory control, decision making, and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai, 200122 Shanghai, China.
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16
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Parallel processing by cortical inhibition enables context-dependent behavior. Nat Neurosci 2016; 20:62-71. [PMID: 27798631 PMCID: PMC5191967 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical features of sensory stimuli are fixed, but sensory perception is context-dependent. The precise mechanisms that govern contextual modulation remain unknown. Here, we trained mice to switch between two contexts: passively listening to pure tones vs. performing a recognition task for the same stimuli. Two-photon imaging showed that many excitatory neurons in auditory cortex were suppressed, while some cells became more active during behavior. Whole-cell recordings showed that excitatory inputs were only modestly affected by context, but inhibition was more sensitive, with PV, SOM+, and VIP+ interneurons balancing inhibition/disinhibition within the network. Cholinergic modulation was involved in context-switching, with cholinergic axons increasing activity during behavior and directly depolarizing inhibitory cells. Network modeling captured these findings, but only when modulation coincidently drove all three interneuron subtypes, ruling out either inhibition or disinhibition alone as sole mechanism for active engagement. Parallel processing of cholinergic modulation by cortical interneurons therefore enables context-dependent behavior.
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Chaves-Coira I, Barros-Zulaica N, Rodrigo-Angulo M, Núñez Á. Modulation of Specific Sensory Cortical Areas by Segregated Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Demonstrated by Neuronal Tracing and Optogenetic Stimulation in Mice. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:28. [PMID: 27147975 PMCID: PMC4837153 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical cholinergic activity plays a fundamental role in sensory processing and cognitive functions. Previous results have suggested a refined anatomical and functional topographical organization of basal forebrain (BF) projections that may control cortical sensory processing in a specific manner. We have used retrograde anatomical procedures to demonstrate the existence of specific neuronal groups in the BF involved in the control of specific sensory cortices. Fluoro-Gold (FlGo) and Fast Blue (FB) fluorescent retrograde tracers were deposited into the primary somatosensory (S1) and primary auditory (A1) cortices in mice. Our results revealed that the BF is a heterogeneous area in which neurons projecting to different cortical areas are segregated into different neuronal groups. Most of the neurons located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) projected to the S1 cortex, indicating that this area is specialized in the sensory processing of tactile stimuli. However, the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (B) nucleus shows a similar number of cells projecting to the S1 as to the A1 cortices. In addition, we analyzed the cholinergic effects on the S1 and A1 cortical sensory responses by optogenetic stimulation of the BF neurons in urethane-anesthetized transgenic mice. We used transgenic mice expressing the light-activated cation channel, channelrhodopsin-2, tagged with a fluorescent protein (ChR2-YFP) under the control of the choline-acetyl transferase promoter (ChAT). Cortical evoked potentials were induced by whisker deflections or by auditory clicks. According to the anatomical results, optogenetic HDB stimulation induced more extensive facilitation of tactile evoked potentials in S1 than auditory evoked potentials in A1, while optogenetic stimulation of the B nucleus facilitated either tactile or auditory evoked potentials equally. Consequently, our results suggest that cholinergic projections to the cortex are organized into segregated pools of neurons that may modulate specific cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chaves-Coira
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Natali Barros-Zulaica
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Rodrigo-Angulo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Núñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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