1
|
Hadjiosif AM, Abraham G, Ranjan T, Smith MA. Subtle Visual Latency Can Profoundly Impair Implicit Sensorimotor Learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585093. [PMID: 38558971 PMCID: PMC10980026 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Short sub-100ms visual feedback latencies are common in many types of human-computer interactions yet are known to markedly reduce performance in a wide variety of motor tasks from simple pointing to operating surgical robotics. These latencies are also present in the computer-based experiments used to study the sensorimotor learning that underlies the acquisition of motor performance. Inspired by neurophysiological findings showing that cerebellar LTD and cortical LTP would both be disrupted by sub-100ms latencies, we hypothesized that implicit sensorimotor learning may be particularly sensitive to these short latencies. Remarkably, we find that improving latency by just 60ms, from 85 to 25ms in latency-optimized experiments, increases implicit learning by 50% and proportionally decreases explicit learning, resulting in a dramatic reorganization of sensorimotor memory. We go on to show that implicit sensorimotor learning is considerably more sensitive to latencies in the sub-100ms range than at higher latencies, in line with the latency-specific neural plasticity that has been observed. This suggests a clear benefit for latency reduction in computer-based training that involves implicit sensorimotor learning and that across-study differences in implicit motor learning might often be explained by disparities in feedback latency.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nelson AD, Catalfio AM, Gupta JP, Min L, Caballero-Florán RN, Dean KP, Elvira CC, Derderian KD, Kyoung H, Sahagun A, Sanders SJ, Bender KJ, Jenkins PM. Physical and functional convergence of the autism risk genes Scn2a and Ank2 in neocortical pyramidal cell dendrites. Neuron 2024; 112:1133-1149.e6. [PMID: 38290518 PMCID: PMC11097922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction in sodium channels and their ankyrin scaffolding partners have both been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, the genes SCN2A, which encodes the sodium channel NaV1.2, and ANK2, which encodes ankyrin-B, have strong ASD association. Recent studies indicate that ASD-associated haploinsufficiency in Scn2a impairs dendritic excitability and synaptic function in neocortical pyramidal cells, but how NaV1.2 is anchored within dendritic regions is unknown. Here, we show that ankyrin-B is essential for scaffolding NaV1.2 to the dendritic membrane of mouse neocortical neurons and that haploinsufficiency of Ank2 phenocopies intrinsic dendritic excitability and synaptic deficits observed in Scn2a+/- conditions. These results establish a direct, convergent link between two major ASD risk genes and reinforce an emerging framework suggesting that neocortical pyramidal cell dendritic dysfunction can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorder pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Nelson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda M Catalfio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lia Min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kendall P Dean
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carina C Elvira
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly D Derderian
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry Kyoung
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atehsa Sahagun
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sierksma MC, Borst JGG. Developmental fine-tuning of medial superior olive neurons mitigates their predisposition to contralateral sound sources. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002586. [PMID: 38683852 PMCID: PMC11081505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Having two ears enables us to localize sound sources by exploiting interaural time differences (ITDs) in sound arrival. Principal neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO) are sensitive to ITD, and each MSO neuron responds optimally to a best ITD (bITD). In many cells, especially those tuned to low sound frequencies, these bITDs correspond to ITDs for which the contralateral ear leads, and are often larger than the ecologically relevant range, defined by the ratio of the interaural distance and the speed of sound. Using in vivo recordings in gerbils, we found that shortly after hearing onset the bITDs were even more contralaterally leading than found in adult gerbils, and travel latencies for contralateral sound-evoked activity clearly exceeded those for ipsilateral sounds. During the following weeks, both these latencies and their interaural difference decreased. A computational model indicated that spike timing-dependent plasticity can underlie this fine-tuning. Our results suggest that MSO neurons start out with a strong predisposition toward contralateral sounds due to their longer neural travel latencies, but that, especially in high-frequency neurons, this predisposition is subsequently mitigated by differential developmental fine-tuning of the travel latencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C. Sierksma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Gerard G. Borst
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong 洪卉 H, Moore LA, Apostolides PF, Trussell LO. Calcium-Sensitive Subthreshold Oscillations and Electrical Coupling in Principal Cells of Mouse Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0106202023. [PMID: 37968120 PMCID: PMC10860609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0106-20.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher sensory brain regions, slow oscillations (0.5-5 Hz) associated with quiet wakefulness and attention modulate multisensory integration, predictive coding, and perception. Although often assumed to originate via thalamocortical mechanisms, the extent to which subcortical sensory pathways are independently capable of slow oscillatory activity is unclear. We find that in the first station for auditory processing, the cochlear nucleus, fusiform cells from juvenile mice (of either sex) generate robust 1-2 Hz oscillations in membrane potential and exhibit electrical resonance. Such oscillations were absent prior to the onset of hearing, intrinsically generated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) and persistent Na+ conductances (NaP) interacting with passive membrane properties, and reflected the intrinsic resonance properties of fusiform cells. Cx36-containing gap junctions facilitated oscillation strength and promoted pairwise synchrony of oscillations between neighboring neurons. The strength of oscillations were strikingly sensitive to external Ca2+, disappearing at concentrations >1.7 mM, due in part to the shunting effect of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. This effect explains their apparent absence in previous in vitro studies of cochlear nucleus which routinely employed high-Ca2+ extracellular solution. In contrast, oscillations were amplified in reduced Ca2+ solutions, due to relief of suppression by Ca2+ of Na+ channel gating. Our results thus reveal mechanisms for synchronous oscillatory activity in auditory brainstem, suggesting that slow oscillations, and by extension their perceptual effects, may originate at the earliest stages of sensory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hong 洪卉
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Pierre F Apostolides
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Lu Y. High calcium concentrations reduce cellular excitability of mouse MNTB neurons. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148568. [PMID: 37689332 PMCID: PMC10591835 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium, a universal intracellular signaling molecule, plays essential roles in neural functions. Historically, in most in vitro brain slice electrophysiology studies, the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid is of a wide range and typically higher than the physiological value. At high [Ca2+]e, synaptic transmission is generally enhanced. However, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of calcium on intrinsic neuronal properties are diverse. Using whole-cell patch clamp in acute brainstem slices obtained from mice of either sex, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of high [Ca2+]e on intrinsic neuronal properties of neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), an auditory brainstem component in the sound localization circuitry. Compared to the physiological [Ca2+]e (1.2 mM), high [Ca2+]e at 1.8 and 2.4 mM significantly reduced the cellular excitability of MNTB neurons, resulting in decreased spike firing rate, depolarized spike threshold, and decreased the ability to follow high frequency inputs. High extracellular magnesium concentrations at 1.8 and 2.4 mM produced similar but less robust effects, due to surface charge screening. Upon high calcium application, voltage-gated sodium channel currents remained largely unchanged. Calcium-sensing receptors were detected in MNTB neurons, but blocking these receptors did not eliminate the effects of high calcium on spontaneous spiking. We attribute the lack of significant effects in these last two experiments to the moderate changes in calcium we tested. Our results call for the use of physiological [Ca2+]e in brain slice experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hearing Research Group, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Tong L, Niu J, Fang Z, Pei Y, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Lou J, Yan X. A bidirectional thermal sensory leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model based on bipolar NbO x volatile threshold devices with ultra-low operating current. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17599-17608. [PMID: 37874690 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain-like artificial intelligence (AI) will become the main form and important platform in future computing. It will play an important and unique role in simulating brain functions, efficiently implementing AI algorithms, and improving computing power. Developing artificial neurons that can send facilitation/depression signals to artificial synapses, sense, and process temperature information is of great significance for achieving more efficient and compact brain-like computing systems. Herein, we have constructed a NbOx bipolar volatile threshold memristor, which could be operated by 1 μA ultra-low current and up to ∼104 switching ratios. By using a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) artificial neuron model, a bipolar LIF artificial neuron is constructed, which can realize the conventional threshold-driven firing, all-or-nothing spiking, refractory periods, and intensity-modulated frequency response bidirectionally at the positive/negative voltage stimulation, which will give the artificial synapse facilitation/depression signals. Furthermore, this bipolar LIF neuron can also explore different temperatures to output different signals, which could be constructed as a more compact thermal sensory neuron to avoid external harm to artificial robots. This study is of great significance for improving the computational efficiency of the system more effectively, achieving high integration density and low energy consumption artificial neural networks to meet the needs of brain-like neural computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiangzhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Ziliang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yifei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jianzhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaobing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Griffiths BJ, Jensen O. Gamma oscillations and episodic memory. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:832-846. [PMID: 37550159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced gamma oscillatory activity (30-80 Hz) accompanies the successful formation and retrieval of episodic memories. While this co-occurrence is well documented, the mechanistic contributions of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory remain unclear. Here, we review how gamma oscillatory activity may facilitate spike timing-dependent plasticity, neural communication, and sequence encoding/retrieval, thereby ensuring the successful formation and/or retrieval of an episodic memory. Based on the evidence reviewed, we propose that multiple, distinct forms of gamma oscillation can be found within the canonical gamma band, each of which has a complementary role in the neural processes listed above. Further exploration of these theories using causal manipulations may be key to elucidating the relevance of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beebe NL, Herrera YN, Noftz WA, Roberts MT, Schofield BR. Characterization of three cholinergic inputs to the cochlear nucleus. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 131:102284. [PMID: 37164181 PMCID: PMC10330717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine modulates responses throughout the auditory system, including at the earliest brain level, the cochlear nucleus (CN). Previous studies have shown multiple sources of cholinergic input to the CN but information about their relative contributions and the distribution of inputs from each source is lacking. Here, we used staining for cholinergic axons and boutons, retrograde tract tracing, and acetylcholine-selective anterograde tracing to characterize three sources of acetylcholine input to the CN in mice. Staining for cholinergic axons showed heavy cholinergic inputs to granule cell areas and the dorsal CN with lighter input to the ventral CN. Retrograde tract tracing revealed that cholinergic cells from the superior olivary complex, pontomesencephalic tegmentum, and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus send projections to the CN. When we selectively labeled cholinergic axons from each source to the CN, we found surprising similarities in their terminal distributions, with patterns that were overlapping rather than complementary. Each source heavily targeted granule cell areas and the dorsal CN (especially the deep dorsal CN) and sent light input into the ventral CN. Our results demonstrate convergence of cholinergic inputs from multiple sources in most regions of the CN and raise the possibility of convergence onto single CN cells. Linking sources of acetylcholine and their patterns of activity to modulation of specific cell types in the CN will be an important next step in understanding cholinergic modulation of early auditory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole L Beebe
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yoani N Herrera
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William A Noftz
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett R Schofield
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muller SZ, Abbott LF, Sawtell NB. A mechanism for differential control of axonal and dendritic spiking underlying learning in a cerebellum-like circuit. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2657-2667.e4. [PMID: 37311457 PMCID: PMC10524478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the action potentials used for axonal signaling, many neurons generate dendritic "spikes" associated with synaptic plasticity. However, in order to control both plasticity and signaling, synaptic inputs must be able to differentially modulate the firing of these two spike types. Here, we investigate this issue in the electrosensory lobe (ELL) of weakly electric mormyrid fish, where separate control over axonal and dendritic spikes is essential for the transmission of learned predictive signals from inhibitory interneurons to the output stage of the circuit. Through a combination of experimental and modeling studies, we uncover a novel mechanism by which sensory input selectively modulates the rate of dendritic spiking by adjusting the amplitude of backpropagating axonal action potentials. Interestingly, this mechanism does not require spatially segregated synaptic inputs or dendritic compartmentalization but relies instead on an electrotonically distant spike initiation site in the axon-a common biophysical feature of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Z Muller
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - L F Abbott
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Sawtell
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brunelle DL, Llano DA. Role of auditory-somatosensory corticothalamic circuit integration in analgesia. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102717. [PMID: 36931195 PMCID: PMC10755628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Our sensory environment is permeated by a diverse array of auditory and somatosensory stimuli. The pairing of acoustic signals with concurrent or forthcoming tactile cues are abundant in everyday life and various survival contexts across species, thus deeming the ability to integrate sensory inputs arising from the combination of these stimuli as crucial. The corticothalamic system plays a critical role in orchestrating the construction, integration and distribution of the information extracted from these sensory modalities. In this mini-review, we provide a circuit-level description of the auditory corticothalamic pathway in conjunction with adjacent corticothalamic somatosensory projections. Although the extent of the functional interactions shared by these pathways is not entirely elucidated, activation of each of these systems appears to modulate sensory perception in the complementary domain. Several specific issues are reviewed. Under certain environmental noise conditions, the spectral information of a sound could induce modulations in nociception and even induce analgesia. We begin by discussing recent findings by Zhou et al. (2022) implicating the corticothalamic system in mediating sound-induced analgesia. Next, we describe relevant components of the corticothalamic pathway's functional organization. Additionally, we describe an emerging body of literature pointing to intrathalamic circuitry being optimal for controlling and selecting sensory signals across modalities, with the thalamic reticular nucleus being a candidate mechanism for directing cross-modal interactions. Finally, Ca2+ bursting in thalamic neurons evoked by the thalamic reticular nucleus is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri L Brunelle
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lube AJ, Ma X, Carlson BA. Spike timing-dependent plasticity alters electrosensory neuron synaptic strength in vitro but does not consistently predict changes in sensory tuning in vivo. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1127-1144. [PMID: 37073981 PMCID: PMC10151048 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00498.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
How do sensory systems optimize detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli when the sensory environment is constantly changing? We addressed the role of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in driving changes in synaptic strength in a sensory pathway and whether those changes in synaptic strength could alter sensory tuning. It is challenging to precisely control temporal patterns of synaptic activity in vivo and replicate those patterns in vitro in behaviorally relevant ways. This makes it difficult to make connections between STDP-induced changes in synaptic physiology and plasticity in sensory systems. Using the mormyrid species Brevimyrus niger and Brienomyrus brachyistius, which produce electric organ discharges for electrolocation and communication, we can precisely control the timing of synaptic input in vivo and replicate these same temporal patterns of synaptic input in vitro. In central electrosensory neurons in the electric communication pathway, using whole cell intracellular recordings in vitro, we paired presynaptic input with postsynaptic spiking at different delays. Using whole cell intracellular recordings in awake, behaving fish, we paired sensory stimulation with postsynaptic spiking using the same delays. We found that Hebbian STDP predictably alters sensory tuning in vitro and is mediated by NMDA receptors. However, the change in synaptic responses induced by sensory stimulation in vivo did not adhere to the direction predicted by the STDP observed in vitro. Further analysis suggests that this difference is influenced by polysynaptic activity, including inhibitory interneurons. Our findings suggest that STDP rules operating at identified synapses may not drive predictable changes in sensory responses at the circuit level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We replicated behaviorally relevant temporal patterns of synaptic activity in vitro and used the same patterns during sensory stimulation in vivo. There was a Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) pattern in vitro, but sensory responses in vivo did not shift according to STDP predictions. Analysis suggests that this disparity is influenced by differences in polysynaptic activity, including inhibitory interneurons. These results suggest that STDP rules at synapses in vitro do not necessarily apply to circuits in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adalee J Lube
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Bruce A Carlson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caputi AA, Rodríguez-Cattáneo A, Waddell JC, Pereira AC, Aguilera PA. Getting the news in milliseconds: The role of early novelty detection in active electrosensory exploration. Biosystems 2023; 223:104803. [PMID: 36371021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pulse emitting weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum shows stereotyped "novelty responses" consisting of a transient acceleration of the rhythm of a self-emitted electric organ discharge that carries electrosensory signals. Here we show that rapid increases in electric image amplitude cause a "novelty detection potential" in the first electrosensory relay. This sign precedes and its amplitude predicts, the amplitude of the subsequent behavioral novelty response. Current source density analyses indicates its origin ar the layers of the electrosensory lobe where the main output neurons occur. Two types of units, referred to as "ON" and "OFF". Were recorded there in decerebrated fish. Firing probability of "OFF" units drastically decreased after a stepwise increase in electric image. By contrast, the very first novel stimuli after the increase evoked a sharp peak in firing rate of "ON" units followed by a very fast adaptation phase that contrasted with the slow adaptation observed in previous recordings of primary afferents. The amplitudes of this peak, the novelty detection potential, and the behavioral novelty responses, show the same dependence on the departure of the newest stimulus intensity from the weighted average of preceding ones suggesting that the signals encoded by "ON" neurons underlay the novelty detection potential, propagates through the hierarchical organization of the electromotor control, and finally contribute to accelerate the electric organ discharge rate. This suggests that detecting novelty at the very early processing stage of electrosensory signals is essential to adapt the electrosensory sampling rate to exploration requirements as they change dynamically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel A Caputi
- Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Av, Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alejo Rodríguez-Cattáneo
- Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Av, Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores, 2515, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joseph C Waddell
- Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Av, Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Pereira
- Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Av, Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay; Consejo de Formación en Educación, Administración Nacional de Educación Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro A Aguilera
- Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Av, Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
San Agustín A, Asín-Prieto G, Moreno JC, Oliviero A, Pons JL. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Following a Paired Associative Stimulation Protocol Based on a Video Game Neuromodulates Cortical Excitability and Motor Behavior. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2632. [PMID: 36289893 PMCID: PMC9599957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can be used to modulate cortico-spinal excitability following a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol. Movement-related cortical stimulation (MRCS) is a PAS protocol based on the synchronization of a single-pulse TMS with a movement task. However, plasticity and motor performance potentiation due to MRCS has been related exclusively to single-movement tasks. In order to unveil the effects of an MRCS protocol in complex movements, we applied PAS synchronized with a movement-related dynamic task (MRDT) with a customized video game. In 22 healthy subjects, we measured the reaction time (RT), trajectory error (TE), and the number of collected and avoided items when playing the custom video game to evaluate the task motor performance. Moreover, we assessed the recruitment curve of Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) with five different intensities to evaluate the motor corticospinal excitability. MEPs were recorded in Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) and Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM), before, right after, and 30 min after the PAS intervention, in an active versus sham experimental design. The MRCS PAS intervention resulted in RT reduction, and motor corticospinal excitability was modulated, reflected as significant MEP amplitude change at 110% RMT intensity in ADM and at 130% RMT intensity in APB. RTs and ADM MEP amplitudes correlated positively in specific time and intensity assessments. We conclude that the proposed PAS protocol facilitated RT performance in a complex task. This phenomenon might be useful to develop neurorehabilitation strategies with complex movements, similar to activities of daily living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu San Agustín
- Neural Rehabilitation Group (NRG), Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Autonoma de Madrid University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Legs & Walking AbilityLab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Guillermo Asín-Prieto
- Neural Rehabilitation Group (NRG), Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Gogoa Mobility Robots S.L., 48220 Abadiño, Spain
| | - Juan C. Moreno
- Neural Rehabilitation Group (NRG), Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliviero
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45004 Toledo, Spain
- Advanced Neurorehabilitation Unit, Hospital Los Madroños, 28690 Brunete, Spain
| | - José L. Pons
- Neural Rehabilitation Group (NRG), Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Legs & Walking AbilityLab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wong NF, Xu-Friedman MA. Induction of Activity-Dependent Plasticity at Auditory Nerve Synapses. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6211-6220. [PMID: 35790402 PMCID: PMC9374128 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0666-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nontraumatic noise in vivo drives long-lasting changes in auditory nerve synapses, which may influence hearing, but the induction mechanisms are not known. We mimicked activity in acute slices of the cochlear nucleus from mice of both sexes by treating them with high potassium, after which voltage-clamp recordings from bushy cells indicated that auditory nerve synapses had reduced EPSC amplitude, quantal size, and vesicle release probability (P r). The effects of high potassium were prevented by blockers of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and protein kinase A. Treatment with the NO donor, PAPA-NONOate, also decreased P r, suggesting NO plays a central role in inducing synaptic changes. To identify the source of NO, we activated auditory nerve fibers specifically using optogenetics. Strobing for 2 h led to decreased EPSC amplitude and P r, which was prevented by antagonists against ionotropic glutamate receptors and NO synthase. This suggests that the activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors in postsynaptic targets of auditory nerve fibers drives release of NO, which acts retrogradely to cause long-term changes in synaptic function in auditory nerve synapses. This may provide insight into preventing or treating disorders caused by noise exposure.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Auditory nerve fibers undergo long-lasting changes in synaptic properties in response to noise exposure in vivo, which may contribute to changes in hearing. Here, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying induction of synaptic changes using high potassium and optogenetic stimulation in vitro and identified important signaling pathways using pharmacology. Our results suggest that auditory nerve activity drives postsynaptic depolarization through AMPA and NMDA receptors, leading to the release of nitric oxide, which acts retrogradely to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release. These experiments revealed that auditory nerve synapses are unexpectedly sensitive to activity and can show dramatic, long-lasting changes in a few hours that could affect hearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Matthew A Xu-Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malfatti T, Ciralli B, Hilscher MM, Leao RN, Leao KE. Decreasing dorsal cochlear nucleus activity ameliorates noise-induced tinnitus perception in mice. BMC Biol 2022; 20:102. [PMID: 35550106 PMCID: PMC9097071 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a region known to integrate somatosensory and auditory inputs and is identified as a potential key structure in the generation of phantom sound perception, especially noise-induced tinnitus. Yet, how altered homeostatic plasticity of the DCN induces and maintains the sensation of tinnitus is not clear. Here, we chemogenetically decrease activity of a subgroup of DCN neurons, Ca2+/Calmodulin kinase 2 α (CaMKII α)-positive DCN neurons, using Gi-coupled human M4 Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (hM4Di DREADDs), to investigate their role in noise-induced tinnitus. Results Mice were exposed to loud noise (9–11kHz, 90dBSPL, 1h, followed by 2h of silence), and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) were recorded 2 days before and 2 weeks after noise exposure to identify animals with a significantly decreased inhibition of startle, indicating tinnitus but without permanent hearing loss. Neuronal activity of CaMKII α+ neurons expressing hM4Di in the DCN was lowered by administration of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). We found that acutely decreasing firing rate of CaMKII α+ DCN units decrease tinnitus-like responses (p = 3e −3, n = 11 mice), compared to the control group that showed no improvement in GPIAS (control virus; CaMKII α-YFP + CNO, p = 0.696, n = 7 mice). Extracellular recordings confirmed CNO to decrease unit firing frequency of CaMKII α-hM4Di+ mice and alter best frequency and tuning width of response to sound. However, these effects were not seen if CNO had been previously administered during the noise exposure (n = 6 experimental and 6 control mice). Conclusion We found that lowering DCN activity in mice displaying tinnitus-related behavior reduces tinnitus, but lowering DCN activity during noise exposure does not prevent noise-induced tinnitus. Our results suggest that CaMKII α-positive cells in the DCN are not crucial for tinnitus induction but play a significant role in maintaining tinnitus perception in mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12915-022-01288-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thawann Malfatti
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ciralli
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richardson N Leao
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Katarina E Leao
- Hearing and Neuronal activity Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bagnato S. The role of plasticity in the recovery of consciousness. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:375-395. [PMID: 35034750 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness (DOCs), i.e., coma, vegetative state, and minimally conscious state are the consequences of a severe brain injury that disrupts the brain ability to generate consciousness. Recovery from DOCs requires functional and structural changes in the brain. The sites where these plastic changes take place vary according to the pathophysiology of the DOC. The ascending reticular activating system of the brainstem and its complex connections with the thalamus and cortex are involved in the pathophysiology of coma. Subcortical structures, such as the striatum and globus pallidus, together with thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections, the basal forebrain, and several networks among different cortical areas are probably involved in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Some mechanisms of plasticity that allegedly operate in each of these sites to promote recovery of consciousness will be discussed in this chapter. While some mechanisms of plasticity work at a local level, others produce functional changes in complex neuronal networks, for example by entraining neuronal oscillations. The specific mechanisms of brain plasticity represent potential targets for future treatments aiming to restore consciousness in patients with severe DOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bagnato
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Inglebert Y, Debanne D. Calcium and Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:727336. [PMID: 34616278 PMCID: PMC8488271 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.727336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) has been thought to be a primary mechanism underlying the brain's ability to learn and to form new memories. However, despite the enormous interest in both the experimental and theoretical neuroscience communities in activity-dependent plasticity, it is still unclear whether plasticity rules inferred from in vitro experiments apply to in vivo conditions. Among the multiple reasons why plasticity rules in vivo might differ significantly from in vitro studies is that extracellular calcium concentration use in most studies is higher than concentrations estimated in vivo. STDP, like many forms of long-term synaptic plasticity, strongly depends on intracellular calcium influx for its induction. Here, we discuss the importance of considering physiological levels of extracellular calcium concentration to study functional plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Inglebert
- UNIS, UMR1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
OIsen T, Capurro A, Švent M, Pilati N, Large C, Hartell N, Hamann M. Sparsely Distributed, Pre-synaptic Kv3 K + Channels Control Spontaneous Firing and Cross-Unit Synchrony via the Regulation of Synaptic Noise in an Auditory Brainstem Circuit. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:721371. [PMID: 34539351 PMCID: PMC8446535 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subthreshold activity in the central nervous system is fundamental to information processing and transmission, as it amplifies and optimizes sub-threshold signals, thereby improving action potential initiation and maintaining reliable firing. This form of spontaneous activity, which is frequently considered noise, is particularly important at auditory synapses where acoustic information is encoded by rapid and temporally precise firing rates. In contrast, when present in excess, this form of noise becomes detrimental to acoustic information as it contributes to the generation and maintenance of auditory disorders such as tinnitus. The most prominent contribution to subthreshold noise is spontaneous synaptic transmission (synaptic noise). Although numerous studies have examined the role of synaptic noise on single cell excitability, little is known about its pre-synaptic modulation owing in part to the difficulties of combining noise modulation with monitoring synaptic release. Here we study synaptic noise in the auditory brainstem dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of mice and show that pharmacological potentiation of Kv3 K+ currents reduces the level of synaptic bombardment onto DCN principal fusiform cells. Using a transgenic mouse line (SyG37) expressing SyGCaMP2-mCherry, a calcium sensor that targets pre-synaptic terminals, we show that positive Kv3 K+ current modulation decreases calcium influx in a fifth of pre-synaptic boutons. Furthermore, while maintaining rapid and precise spike timing, positive Kv3 K+ current modulation increases the synchronization of local circuit neurons by reducing spontaneous activity. In conclusion, our study identifies a unique pre-synaptic mechanism which reduces synaptic noise at auditory synapses and contributes to the coherent activation of neurons in a local auditory brainstem circuit. This form of modulation highlights a new therapeutic target, namely the pre-synaptic bouton, for ameliorating the effects of hearing disorders which are dependent on aberrant spontaneous activity within the central auditory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy OIsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Capurro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maša Švent
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Hartell
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Hamann
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Essential Role of Somatic Kv2 Channels in High-Frequency Firing in Cartwheel Cells of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0515-20.2021. [PMID: 33837049 PMCID: PMC8116111 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0515-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, Kv2 channels are the most widely expressed in the mammalian brain. However, studying Kv2 in neurons has been challenging because of a lack of high-selective blockers. Recently, a peptide toxin, guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX), has been identified as a specific inhibitor of Kv2, thus facilitating the study of Kv2 in neurons. The mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory and somatosensory information. In the DCN, cartwheel inhibitory interneurons receive excitatory synaptic inputs from parallel fibers conveying somatosensory information. The activation of parallel fibers drives action potentials in the cartwheel cells up to 130 Hz in vivo, and the excitation of cartwheel cells leads to the strong inhibition of principal cells. Therefore, cartwheel cells play crucial roles in monaural sound localization and cancelling detection of self-generated sounds. However, how Kv2 controls the high-frequency firing in cartwheel cells is unknown. In this study, we performed immunofluorescence labeling with anti-Kv2.1 and anti-Kv2.2 antibodies using fixed mouse brainstem slice preparations. The results revealed that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 were largely present on the cartwheel cell body membrane but not on the axon initial segment (AIS) nor the proximal dendrite. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings using mouse brainstem slice preparation and GxTX demonstrated that blockade of Kv2 induced failure of parallel fiber-induced action potentials when parallel fibers were stimulated at high frequencies (30–100 Hz). Thus, somatic Kv2 in cartwheel cells regulates the action potentials in a frequency-dependent manner and may play important roles in the DCN function.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lai NY, Bell JM, Bodznick D. Multiple behavior-specific cancellation signals contribute to suppressing predictable sensory reafference in a cerebellum-like structure. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:238095. [PMID: 34424972 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.240143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Movement induces sensory stimulation of an animal's own sensory receptors, termed reafference. With a few exceptions, notably vestibular and proprioception, this reafference is unwanted sensory noise and must be selectively filtered in order to detect relevant external sensory signals. In the cerebellum-like electrosensory nucleus of elasmobranch fish, an adaptive filter preserves novel signals by generating cancellation signals that suppress predictable reafference. A parallel fiber network supplies the principal Purkinje-like neurons (called ascending efferent neurons, AENs) with behavior-associated internal reference signals, including motor corollary discharge and sensory feedback, from which predictive cancellation signals are formed. How distinct behavior-specific cancellation signals interact within AENs when multiple behaviors co-occur and produce complex, changing patterns of reafference is unknown. Here, we show that when multiple streams of internal reference signals are available, cancellation signals form that are specific to parallel fiber inputs temporally correlated with, and therefore predictive of, sensory reafference. A single AEN has the capacity to form more than one cancellation signal, and AENs form multiple cancellation signals simultaneously and modify them independently during co-occurring behaviors. Cancellation signals update incrementally during continuous behaviors, as well as episodic bouts of behavior that last minutes to hours. Finally, individual AENs, independently of their neighbors, form unique AEN-specific cancellation signals that depend on the particular sensory reafferent input it receives. Together, these results demonstrate the capacity of the adaptive filter to utilize multiple cancellation signals to suppress dynamic patterns of reafference arising from complex co-occurring and intermittently performed behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Lai
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jordan M Bell
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - David Bodznick
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henton A, Tzounopoulos T. What's the buzz? The neuroscience and the treatment of tinnitus. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1609-1632. [PMID: 33769102 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a pervasive public health issue that affects ∼15% of the United States population. Similar estimates have also been shown on a global scale, with similar prevalence found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The severity of tinnitus is heterogeneous, ranging from mildly bothersome to extremely disruptive. In the United States, ∼10-20% of individuals who experience tinnitus report symptoms that severely reduce their quality of life. Due to the huge personal and societal burden, in the last 20 yr a concerted effort on basic and clinical research has significantly advanced our understanding and treatment of this disorder. Yet, neither full understanding, nor cure exists. We know that tinnitus is the persistent involuntary phantom percept of internally generated nonverbal indistinct noises and tones, which in most cases is initiated by acquired hearing loss and maintained only when this loss is coupled with distinct neuronal changes in auditory and extra-auditory brain networks. Yet, the exact mechanisms and patterns of neural activity that are necessary and sufficient for the perceptual generation and maintenance of tinnitus remain incompletely understood. Combinations of animal model and human research will be essential in filling these gaps. Nevertheless, the existing progress in investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms has improved current treatment and highlighted novel targets for drug development and clinical trials. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss the current state of human and animal tinnitus research, outline current challenges, and highlight new and exciting research opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Henton
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - T Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ansorge J, Wu C, Shore SE, Krieger P. Audiotactile interactions in the mouse cochlear nucleus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6887. [PMID: 33767295 PMCID: PMC7994829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration of auditory and tactile information occurs already at the level of the cochlear nucleus. Rodents use their whiskers for tactile perception to guide them in their exploration of the world. As nocturnal animals with relatively poor vision, audiotactile interactions are of great importance for this species. Here, the influence of whisker deflections on sound-evoked spiking in the cochlear nucleus was investigated in vivo in anesthetized mice. Multichannel, silicon-probe electrophysiological recordings were obtained from both the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus. Whisker deflections evoked an increased spiking activity in fusiform cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and t-stellate cells in ventral cochlear nucleus, whereas bushy cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus showed a more variable response. The response to broadband noise stimulation increased in fusiform cells and primary-like bushy cells when the sound stimulation was preceded (~ 20 ms) by whisker stimulation. Multi-sensory integration of auditory and whisker input can thus occur already in this early brainstem nucleus, emphasizing the importance of early integration of auditory and somatosensory information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ansorge
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Calvin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrik Krieger
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Riffle TL, Martel DT, Jones GR, Shore SE. Bimodal Auditory Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 51:295-323. [PMID: 33083999 PMCID: PMC8058117 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus, or the phantom perception of sound, arises from pathological neural activity. Neurophysiological research has shown increased spontaneous firing rates and synchronization along the auditory pathway correlate strongly with behavioral measures of tinnitus. Auditory neurons are plastic, enabling external stimuli to be utilized to elicit long-term changes to spontaneous firing and synchrony. Pathological plasticity can thus be reversed using bimodal auditory plus nonauditory stimulation to reduce tinnitus. This chapter discusses preclinical and clinical evidence for efficacy of bimodal stimulation treatments of tinnitus, with highlights on sham-controlled, double-blinded clinical trials. The results from these studies have shown some efficacy in reducing the severity of tinnitus, based on subjective and objective outcome measures including tinnitus questionnaires and psychophysical tinnitus measurements. While results of some studies have been positive, the degree of benefit and the populations that respond to treatment vary across the studies. Directions and implications of future studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Riffle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David T Martel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gerilyn R Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu C, Shore SE. Inhibitory interneurons in a brainstem circuit adjust their inhibitory motifs to process multimodal input. J Physiol 2020; 599:631-645. [PMID: 33103245 DOI: 10.1113/jp280741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Inhibitory-interneuron networks, consisting of multiple forms of circuit motifs including reciprocal (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting other interneurons) and feedforward (inhibitory interneurons inhibiting principal neurons) connections, are crucial in processing sensory information. The present study applies a statistical method to in vivo multichannel spike trains of dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons to disentangle reciprocal and feedforward-inhibitory motifs. After inducing input-specific plasticity, reciprocal and feedforward inhibition are found to be differentially regulated, and the combined effect synergistically modulates circuit output. The findings highlight the interplay among different circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation. ABSTRACT Inhibitory interneurons play an essential role in neural computations by utilizing a combination of reciprocal (interneurons inhibiting each other) and feedforward (interneuron inhibiting the principal neuron) inhibition to process information. To disentangle the interplay between the two inhibitory-circuit motifs and understand their effects on the circuit output, in vivo recordings were made from the guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus, a cerebellar-like brainstem circuit. Spikes from inhibitory interneurons (cartwheel cell) and principal output neurons (fusiform cell) were compared before and after manipulating their common multimodal input. Using a statistical model based on the Cox method of modulated renewal process of spike train influence, reciprocal- and feedforward-inhibition motifs were quantified. In response to altered multimodal input, reciprocal inhibition was strengthened while feedforward inhibition was weakened, and the two motifs combined to modulate fusiform cell output and acoustic-driven responses. These findings reveal the cartwheel cell's role in auditory and multimodal processing, as well as illustrated the balance between different inhibitory-circuit motifs as a key element in neural computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gabrieli D, Schumm SN, Vigilante NF, Parvesse B, Meaney DF. Neurodegeneration exposes firing rate dependent effects on oscillation dynamics in computational neural networks. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234749. [PMID: 32966291 PMCID: PMC7510994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurodegeneration in the injured circuitry, either through primary structural damage to the neuron or secondary effects that disrupt key cellular processes. Moreover, traumatic injuries can preferentially impact subpopulations of neurons, but the functional network effects of these targeted degeneration profiles remain unclear. Although isolating the consequences of complex injury dynamics and long-term recovery of the circuit can be difficult to control experimentally, computational networks can be a powerful tool to analyze the consequences of injury. Here, we use the Izhikevich spiking neuron model to create networks representative of cortical tissue. After an initial settling period with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), networks developed rhythmic oscillations similar to those seen in vivo. As neurons were sequentially removed from the network, population activity rate and oscillation dynamics were significantly reduced. In a successive period of network restructuring with STDP, network activity levels returned to baseline for some injury levels and oscillation dynamics significantly improved. We next explored the role that specific neurons have in the creation and termination of oscillation dynamics. We determined that oscillations initiate from activation of low firing rate neurons with limited structural inputs. To terminate oscillations, high activity excitatory neurons with strong input connectivity activate downstream inhibitory circuitry. Finally, we confirm the excitatory neuron population role through targeted neurodegeneration. These results suggest targeted neurodegeneration can play a key role in the oscillation dynamics after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gabrieli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Samantha N. Schumm
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas F. Vigilante
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brandon Parvesse
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David F. Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fuenzalida M, Chiu CQ, Chávez AE. Muscarinic Regulation of Spike Timing Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2020; 456:50-59. [PMID: 32828940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term changes in synaptic transmission between neurons in the brain are considered the cellular basis of learning and memory. Over the last few decades, many studies have revealed that the precise order and timing of activity between pre- and post-synaptic cells ("spike-timing-dependent plasticity; STDP") is crucial for the sign and magnitude of long-term changes at many central synapses. Acetylcholine (ACh) via the recruitment of diverse muscarinic receptors is known to influence STDP in a variety of ways, enabling flexibility and adaptability in brain network activity during complex behaviors. In this review, we will summarize and discuss different mechanistic aspects of muscarinic modulation of timing-dependent plasticity at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus to shape learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fuenzalida
- Center of Neurobiology and Integrative Physiopathology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Chiayu Q Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience of Valparaiso, Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience of Valparaiso, Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fukutomi M, Carlson BA. A History of Corollary Discharge: Contributions of Mormyrid Weakly Electric Fish. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:42. [PMID: 32848649 PMCID: PMC7403230 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corollary discharge is an important brain function that allows animals to distinguish external from self-generated signals, which is critical to sensorimotor coordination. Since discovery of the concept of corollary discharge in 1950, neuroscientists have sought to elucidate underlying neural circuits and mechanisms. Here, we review a history of neurophysiological studies on corollary discharge and highlight significant contributions from studies using African mormyrid weakly electric fish. Mormyrid fish generate brief electric pulses to communicate with other fish and to sense their surroundings. In addition, mormyrids can passively locate weak, external electric signals. These three behaviors are mediated by different corollary discharge functions including inhibition, enhancement, and predictive “negative image” generation. Owing to several experimental advantages of mormyrids, investigations of these mechanisms have led to important general principles that have proven applicable to a wide diversity of animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matasaburo Fukutomi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruce A Carlson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Krall RF, Moutal A, Phillips MB, Asraf H, Johnson JW, Khanna R, Hershfinkel M, Aizenman E, Tzounopoulos T. Synaptic zinc inhibition of NMDA receptors depends on the association of GluN2A with the zinc transporter ZnT1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1515. [PMID: 32937457 PMCID: PMC7458442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is inhibited by synaptically released zinc. This inhibition is thought to be the result of zinc diffusion across the synaptic cleft and subsequent binding to the extracellular domain of the NMDAR. However, this model fails to incorporate the observed association of the highly zinc-sensitive NMDAR subunit GluN2A with the postsynaptic zinc transporter ZnT1, which moves intracellular zinc to the extracellular space. Here, we report that disruption of ZnT1-GluN2A association by a cell-permeant peptide strongly reduced NMDAR inhibition by synaptic zinc in mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus synapses. Moreover, synaptic zinc inhibition of NMDARs required postsynaptic intracellular zinc, suggesting that cytoplasmic zinc is transported by ZnT1 to the extracellular space in close proximity to the NMDAR. These results challenge a decades-old dogma on how zinc inhibits synaptic NMDARs and demonstrate that presynaptic release and a postsynaptic transporter organize zinc into distinct microdomains to modulate NMDAR neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Krall
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Matthew B Phillips
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hila Asraf
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jon W Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mechanisms Underlying Long-Term Synaptic Zinc Plasticity at Mouse Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Glutamatergic Synapses. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4981-4996. [PMID: 32434779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0175-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In many brain areas, such as the neocortex, limbic structures, and auditory brainstem, synaptic zinc is released from presynaptic terminals to modulate neurotransmission. As such, synaptic zinc signaling modulates sensory processing and enhances acuity for discrimination of different sensory stimuli. Whereas sensory experience causes long-term changes in synaptic zinc signaling, the mechanisms underlying this long-term synaptic zinc plasticity remain unknown. To study these mechanisms in male and female mice, we used in vitro and in vivo models of zinc plasticity observed at the zinc-rich glutamatergic dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) parallel fiber synapses onto cartwheel cells. High-frequency stimulation of DCN parallel fiber synapses induced LTD of synaptic zinc signaling (Z-LTD), evidenced by reduced zinc-mediated inhibition of EPSCs. Low-frequency stimulation induced LTP of synaptic zinc signaling (Z-LTP), evidenced by enhanced zinc-mediated inhibition of EPSCs. Pharmacological manipulations of Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (G1 mGluRs) demonstrated that G1 mGluR activation is necessary and sufficient for inducing Z-LTD and Z-LTP. Pharmacological manipulations of Ca2+ dynamics indicated that rises in postsynaptic Ca2+ are necessary and sufficient for Z-LTD induction. Electrophysiological measurements assessing postsynaptic expression mechanisms, and imaging studies with a ratiometric extracellular zinc sensor probing zinc release, supported that Z-LTD is expressed, at least in part, via reductions in presynaptic zinc release. Finally, exposure of mice to loud sound caused G1 mGluR-dependent Z-LTD at DCN parallel fiber synapses, thus validating our in vitro results. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism underlying activity- and experience-dependent plasticity of synaptic zinc signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the neocortex, limbic structures, and auditory brainstem, glutamatergic nerve terminals corelease zinc to modulate excitatory neurotransmission and sensory responses. Moreover, sensory experience causes bidirectional, long-term changes in synaptic zinc signaling. However, the mechanisms of this long-term synaptic zinc plasticity remain unknown. Here, we identified a novel Group 1 mGluR-dependent mechanism that causes bidirectional, long-term changes in synaptic zinc signaling. Our results highlight new mechanisms of brain adaptation during sensory processing, and potentially point to mechanisms of disorders associated with pathologic adaptation, such as tinnitus.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim SY, Lim W. Effect of interpopulation spike-timing-dependent plasticity on synchronized rhythms in neuronal networks with inhibitory and excitatory populations. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:535-567. [PMID: 32655716 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We consider a two-population network consisting of both inhibitory (I) interneurons and excitatory (E) pyramidal cells. This I-E neuronal network has adaptive dynamic I to E and E to I interpopulation synaptic strengths, governed by interpopulation spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). In previous works without STDPs, fast sparsely synchronized rhythms, related to diverse cognitive functions, were found to appear in a range of noise intensity D for static synaptic strengths. Here, by varying D, we investigate the effect of interpopulation STDPs on fast sparsely synchronized rhythms that emerge in both the I- and the E-populations. Depending on values of D, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) for population-averaged values of saturated interpopulation synaptic strengths are found to occur. Then, the degree of fast sparse synchronization varies due to effects of LTP and LTD. In a broad region of intermediate D, the degree of good synchronization (with higher synchronization degree) becomes decreased, while in a region of large D, the degree of bad synchronization (with lower synchronization degree) gets increased. Consequently, in each I- or E-population, the synchronization degree becomes nearly the same in a wide range of D (including both the intermediate and the large D regions). This kind of "equalization effect" is found to occur via cooperative interplay between the average occupation and pacing degrees of spikes (i.e., the average fraction of firing neurons and the average degree of phase coherence between spikes in each synchronized stripe of spikes in the raster plot of spikes) in fast sparsely synchronized rhythms. Finally, emergences of LTP and LTD of interpopulation synaptic strengths (leading to occurrence of equalization effect) are intensively investigated via a microscopic method based on the distributions of time delays between the pre- and the post-synaptic spike times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Kim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
| | - Woochang Lim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Eidum DM, Henriquez CS. Modeling the effects of sinusoidal stimulation and synaptic plasticity on linked neural oscillators. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:033105. [PMID: 32237786 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brain exhibits intrinsic oscillatory behavior, which plays a vital role in communication and information processing. Abnormalities in brain rhythms have been linked to numerous disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. Rhythmic electrical stimulation (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial alternating current stimulation) has been used to modulate these oscillations and produce lasting changes in neural activity. In this computational study, we investigate the combined effects of sinusoidal stimulation and synaptic plasticity on model networks comprised of simple, tunable four-neuron oscillators. While not intended to model a specific brain circuit, this idealization was created to provide some intuition on how electrical modulation can induce plastic changes in the oscillatory state. Linked pairs of oscillators were stimulated with sinusoidal current, and their behavior was measured as a function of their intrinsic frequencies, inter-oscillator synaptic strengths, and stimulus strength and frequency. Under certain stimulus conditions, sinusoidal current can disrupt the network's natural firing patterns. Synaptic plasticity can induce weight imbalances that permanently change the characteristic firing behavior of the network. Grids of 100 oscillators with random frequencies were also subjected to a wide array of stimulus conditions. The characteristics of the post-stimulus network activity depend heavily on the stimulus frequency and amplitude as well as the initial strength of inter-oscillator connections. Synchronization arises at the network level from complex patterns of activity propagation, which are enhanced or disrupted by different stimuli. The findings may prove important to the design of novel neuromodulation treatments and techniques seeking to affect oscillatory activity in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Eidum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Craig S Henriquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Houben AM, Keil MS. A calcium-influx-dependent plasticity model exhibiting multiple STDP curves. J Comput Neurosci 2020; 48:65-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-019-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Shore SE, Wu C. Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Tinnitus: Insights from Cellular Studies. Neuron 2019; 103:8-20. [PMID: 31271756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus, sound perception in the absence of physical stimuli, occurs in 15% of the population and is the top-reported disability for soldiers after combat. Noise overexposure is a major factor associated with tinnitus but does not always lead to tinnitus. Furthermore, people with normal audiograms can get tinnitus. In animal models, equivalent cochlear damage occurs in animals with and without behavioral evidence of tinnitus. But cochlear-nerve-recipient neurons in the brainstem demonstrate distinct, synchronized spontaneous firing patterns only in animals that develop tinnitus, driving activity in central brain regions and ultimately giving rise to phantom perception. Examining tinnitus-specific changes in single-cell populations enables us to begin to distinguish neural changes due to tinnitus from those that are due to hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Shore
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Calvin Wu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yin TC, Smith PH, Joris PX. Neural Mechanisms of Binaural Processing in the Auditory Brainstem. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1503-1575. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
35
|
Brzosko Z, Mierau SB, Paulsen O. Neuromodulation of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity: Past, Present, and Future. Neuron 2019; 103:563-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
36
|
The Autism-Associated Gene Scn2a Contributes to Dendritic Excitability and Synaptic Function in the Prefrontal Cortex. Neuron 2019; 103:673-685.e5. [PMID: 31230762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is strongly associated with de novo gene mutations. One of the most commonly affected genes is SCN2A. ASD-associated SCN2A mutations impair the encoded protein NaV1.2, a sodium channel important for action potential initiation and propagation in developing excitatory cortical neurons. The link between an axonal sodium channel and ASD, a disorder typically attributed to synaptic or transcriptional dysfunction, is unclear. Here we show that NaV1.2 is unexpectedly critical for dendritic excitability and synaptic function in mature pyramidal neurons in addition to regulating early developmental axonal excitability. NaV1.2 loss reduced action potential backpropagation into dendrites, impairing synaptic plasticity and synaptic strength, even when NaV1.2 expression was disrupted in a cell-autonomous fashion late in development. These results reveal a novel dendritic function for NaV1.2, providing insight into cellular mechanisms probably underlying circuit and behavioral dysfunction in ASD.
Collapse
|
37
|
The ion channels and synapses responsible for the physiological diversity of mammalian lower brainstem auditory neurons. Hear Res 2018; 376:33-46. [PMID: 30606624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The auditory part of the brainstem is composed of several nuclei specialized in the computation of the different spectral and temporal features of the sound before it reaches the higher auditory regions. There are a high diversity of neuronal types in these nuclei, many with remarkable electrophysiological and synaptic properties unique to these structures. This diversity reflects specializations necessary to process the different auditory signals in order to extract precisely the acoustic information necessary for the auditory perception by the animal. Low threshold Kv1 channels and HCN channels are expressed in neurons that use timing clues for auditory processing, like bushy and octopus cells, in order to restrict action potential firing and reduce input resistance and membrane time constant. Kv3 channels allow principal neurons of the MNTB and pyramidal DCN neurons to fire fast trains of action potentials. Calcium channels on cartwheel DCN neurons produce complex spikes characteristic of these neurons. Calyceal synapses compensate the low input resistance of bushy and principal neurons of the MNTB by releasing hundreds of glutamate vesicles resulting in large EPSCs acting in fast ionotropic glutamate receptors, in order to reduce temporal summation of synaptic potentials, allowing more precise correspondence of pre- and post-synaptic potentials, and phase-locking. Pre-synaptic calyceal sodium channels have fast recovery from inactivation allowing extremely fast trains of action potential firing, and persistent sodium channels produce spontaneous activity of fusiform neurons at rest, which expands the dynamic range of these neurons. The unique combinations of different ion channels, ionotropic receptors and synaptic structures create a unique functional diversity of neurons extremely adapted to their complex functions in the auditory processing.
Collapse
|
38
|
Effects of Acoustic Paired Associative Stimulation on Late Auditory Evoked Potentials. Brain Topogr 2018; 32:343-353. [PMID: 30584648 PMCID: PMC6476838 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS), a form of non-invasive cortical stimulation pairing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a peripheral sensory stimulus, has been shown to induce neuroplastic effects in the human motor, somatosensory and auditory cortex. The current study investigated the effects of acoustic PAS on late auditory evoked potentials (LAEP) and the influence of tone duration and placebo stimulation. In two experiments, 18 participants underwent a PAS with a 4 kHz paired tone of 400 ms duration using 200 pairs of stimuli (TMS-pulse over the left auditory cortex 45 ms after tone-onset) presented at 0.1 Hz. In Experiment 1 this protocol was contrasted with a protocol using a short paired tone of 23 ms duration (PAS-23 ms vs. PAS-400 ms). In Experiment 2 this PAS protocol was contrasted with sham stimulation (PAS-400 ms-sham vs. PAS-400 ms). Before and after PAS, LAEP were recorded for tones of 4 kHz (same carrier frequency as the paired tone) and 1 kHz as control tone. In Experiment 1, there was a significant difference between LAEP amplitudes of the 4 kHz tone after PAS-23 ms and PAS-400 ms with higher LAEP amplitudes after PAS-23 ms. Before both conditions, no difference could be detected. In Experiment 2 we observed a significant overall decrease in LAEP amplitudes pre to post PAS. Unspecific decreases of LAEP following PAS with a long paired tone (PAS-400 ms) might be related to habituation effects due to repeated presentation of sound stimuli which are not evident for PAS with a short paired tone (PAS-23 ms). Interpreting this result using the concept of temporal integration time allows us to discuss it in the context of spike-timing dependent plasticity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Heeringa AN, Wu C, Chung C, West M, Martel D, Liberman L, Liberman MC, Shore SE. Glutamatergic Projections to the Cochlear Nucleus are Redistributed in Tinnitus. Neuroscience 2018; 391:91-103. [PMID: 30236972 PMCID: PMC6191338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus alters auditory-somatosensory plasticity in the cochlear nucleus (CN). Correspondingly, bimodal auditory-somatosensory stimulation treatment attenuates tinnitus, both in animals and humans (Marks et al., 2018). Therefore, we hypothesized that tinnitus is associated with altered somatosensory innervation of the CN. Here, we studied the expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) in the CN, which reveals glutamatergic projections from the cochlea as well as somatosensory systems to this brainstem auditory center. Guinea pigs were unilaterally exposed to narrowband noise and behaviorally tested for tinnitus using gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle. Following physiological and behavioral measures, brain sections were immunohistochemically stained for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2. Puncta density was determined for each region of the ipsilateral and contralateral CN. Tinnitus was associated with an ipsilateral upregulation of VGLUT2 puncta density in the granule cell domain (GCD) and anteroventral CN (AVCN). Furthermore, there was a tinnitus-associated interaural asymmetry for VGLUT1 expression in the AVCN and deep layer of the dorsal CN (DCN3), due to contralateral downregulation of VGLUT1 expression. These tinnitus-related glutamatergic imbalances were reversed upon bimodal stimulation treatment. Tinnitus-associated ipsilateral upregulation of VGLUT2-positive projections likely derives from somatosensory projections to the GCD and AVCN. This upregulation may underlie the neurophysiological hallmarks of tinnitus in the CN. Reversing the increased ipsilateral glutamatergic innervation in the CN is likely a key mechanism in treating tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarins N Heeringa
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Calvin Wu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Christopher Chung
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Michael West
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - David Martel
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Leslie Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martel DT, Pardo-Garcia TR, Shore SE. Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Fusiform-cell Plasticity is Altered in Salicylate-induced Tinnitus. Neuroscience 2018; 407:170-181. [PMID: 30217755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Following noise overexposure and tinnitus-induction, fusiform cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) show increased spontaneous firing rates (SFR), increased spontaneous synchrony and altered stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity (StDP), which correlate with behavioral measures of tinnitus. Sodium salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin, which is commonly used to induce tinnitus, increases SFR and activates NMDA receptors in the ascending auditory pathway. NMDA receptor activation is required for StDP in many brain regions, including the DCN. Blocking NMDA receptors can alter StDP timing rules and decrease synchrony in DCN fusiform cells. Thus, systemic activation of NMDA receptors with sodium salicylate should elicit pathological changes to StDP, thereby increasing SFR and synchrony and induce tinnitus. Herein, we examined the action of salicylate in tinnitus generation in guinea pigs in vivo by measuring tinnitus using two behavioral measures and recording single-unit responses from DCN fusiform cells pre- and post-salicylate administration in the same animals. First, we show that animals administered salicylate show evidence of tinnitus using both behavioral paradigms, cross-validating the tests. Second, fusiform cells in animals with tinnitus showed increased SFR, synchrony and altered StDP timing rules, like animals with noise-induced tinnitus. These findings suggest that alterations to fusiform-cell plasticity are an essential component of tinnitus, regardless of induction technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Martel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Thibaut R Pardo-Garcia
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Susan E Shore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim SY, Lim W. Burst synchronization in a scale-free neuronal network with inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Cogn Neurodyn 2018; 13:53-73. [PMID: 30728871 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-018-9505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We are concerned about burst synchronization (BS), related to neural information processes in health and disease, in the Barabási-Albert scale-free network (SFN) composed of inhibitory bursting Hindmarsh-Rose neurons. This inhibitory neuronal population has adaptive dynamic synaptic strengths governed by the inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity (iSTDP). In previous works without considering iSTDP, BS was found to appear in a range of noise intensities for fixed synaptic inhibition strengths. In contrast, in our present work, we take into consideration iSTDP and investigate its effect on BS by varying the noise intensity. Our new main result is to find occurrence of a Matthew effect in inhibitory synaptic plasticity: good BS gets better via LTD, while bad BS get worse via LTP. This kind of Matthew effect in inhibitory synaptic plasticity is in contrast to that in excitatory synaptic plasticity where good (bad) synchronization gets better (worse) via LTP (LTD). We note that, due to inhibition, the roles of LTD and LTP in inhibitory synaptic plasticity are reversed in comparison with those in excitatory synaptic plasticity. Moreover, emergences of LTD and LTP of synaptic inhibition strengths are intensively investigated via a microscopic method based on the distributions of time delays between the pre- and the post-synaptic burst onset times. Finally, in the presence of iSTDP we investigate the effects of network architecture on BS by varying the symmetric attachment degree l ∗ and the asymmetry parameter Δ l in the SFN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Kim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
| | - Woochang Lim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang Y, Magnus G, Han VZ. Cell type-specific plasticity at parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells in the posterior caudal lobe of the mormyrid fish cerebellum. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:644-661. [PMID: 29668384 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00175.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that there are two morphological subtypes of Purkinje cells (PCs)-fan-shaped Purkinje cells (fPCs) and multipolar Purkinje cells (mPCs)-in the posterior caudal lobe of the mormyrid fish cerebellum, but whether these cell types are also functionally distinct is unknown. Here, we have used electrophysiological and pharmacological tools in a slice preparation to demonstrate that pairing parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) inputs at a low frequency induces long-term depression (LTD) in fPCs but long-term potentiation (LTP) in mPCs. The induction of plasticity in both cell types required postsynaptic Ca2+ and type 1α metabotropic glutamate receptors. However, the LTD in fPCs was inducted via a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II cascade, whereas LTP induction in mPCs required calcineurin. Moreover, the LTD in fPCs and LTP in mPCs were accompanied by changes to the corresponding paired-pulse ratios and their coefficients of variation, suggesting presynaptic modes of expression for the plasticity at PF terminals for both cell types. Hence, the synaptic plasticity at PF synapses onto PCs in the posterior caudal lobe of the mormyrid cerebellum is cell type specific, with both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms contributing to its induction and expression. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Much has been learnt about the cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) in the cortex. More recent work has shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) is equally important for cerebellar motor learning. Here we report for the first time that plasticity in the mormyrid cerebellum is cell type specific, e.g., following the conventional pairing of parallel and climbing fiber inputs in an in vitro preparation leads to LTD in one Purkinje cell subtype and LTP in another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital , Xi'an , China.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington
| | - Gerhard Magnus
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington
| | - Victor Z Han
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Foncelle A, Mendes A, Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Valtcheva S, Berry H, Blackwell KT, Venance L. Modulation of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity: Towards the Inclusion of a Third Factor in Computational Models. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 30018546 PMCID: PMC6037788 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) change in synaptic strength depends on the timing of pre- vs. postsynaptic spiking activity. Since STDP is in compliance with Hebb's postulate, it is considered one of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall. STDP comprises a system of two coincidence detectors with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation often posited as one of the main components. Numerous studies have unveiled a third component of this coincidence detection system, namely neuromodulation and glia activity shaping STDP. Even though dopaminergic control of STDP has most often been reported, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, nitric oxide (NO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also has been shown to effectively modulate STDP. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that astrocytes, via the release or uptake of glutamate, gate STDP expression. At the most fundamental level, the timing properties of STDP are expected to depend on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the underlying signaling pathways. However in most cases, due to technical limitations experiments grant only indirect access to these pathways. Computational models carefully constrained by experiments, allow for a better qualitative understanding of the molecular basis of STDP and its regulation by neuromodulators. Recently, computational models of calcium dynamics and signaling pathway molecules have started to explore STDP emergence in ex and in vivo-like conditions. These models are expected to reproduce better at least part of the complex modulation of STDP as an emergent property of the underlying molecular pathways. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying STDP modulation and its consequences on network dynamics is of critical importance and will allow better understanding of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall both in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Foncelle
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Mendes
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | | | - Silvana Valtcheva
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim SY, Lim W. Effect of inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity on fast sparsely synchronized rhythms in a small-world neuronal network. Neural Netw 2018; 106:50-66. [PMID: 30025272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We consider the Watts-Strogatz small-world network (SWN) consisting of inhibitory fast spiking Izhikevich interneurons. This inhibitory neuronal population has adaptive dynamic synaptic strengths governed by the inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity (iSTDP). In previous works without iSTDP, fast sparsely synchronized rhythms, associated with diverse cognitive functions, were found to appear in a range of large noise intensities for fixed strong synaptic inhibition strengths. Here, we investigate the effect of iSTDP on fast sparse synchronization (FSS) by varying the noise intensity D. We employ an asymmetric anti-Hebbian time window for the iSTDP update rule [which is in contrast to the Hebbian time window for the excitatory STDP (eSTDP)]. Depending on values of D, population-averaged values of saturated synaptic inhibition strengths are potentiated [long-term potentiation (LTP)] or depressed [long-term depression (LTD)] in comparison with the initial mean value, and dispersions from the mean values of LTP/LTD are much increased when compared with the initial dispersion, independently of D. In most cases of LTD where the effect of mean LTD is dominant in comparison with the effect of dispersion, good synchronization (with higher spiking measure) is found to get better via LTD, while bad synchronization (with lower spiking measure) is found to get worse via LTP. This kind of Matthew effect in inhibitory synaptic plasticity is in contrast to that in excitatory synaptic plasticity where good (bad) synchronization gets better (worse) via LTP (LTD). Emergences of LTD and LTP of synaptic inhibition strengths are intensively investigated via a microscopic method based on the distributions of time delays between the pre- and the post-synaptic spike times. Furthermore, we also investigate the effects of network architecture on FSS by changing the rewiring probability p of the SWN in the presence of iSTDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Kim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu 42411, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woochang Lim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu 42411, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pre- and postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors in the auditory system of mammals. Hear Res 2018; 362:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
46
|
Winters BD, Golding NL. Glycinergic Inhibitory Plasticity in Binaural Neurons Is Cumulative and Gated by Developmental Changes in Action Potential Backpropagation. Neuron 2018; 98:166-178.e2. [PMID: 29576388 PMCID: PMC5886803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of timing-based sound localization cues by neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) depends critically on glycinergic inhibitory inputs. After hearing onset, the strength and subcellular location of these inhibitory inputs are dramatically altered, but the cellular processes underlying this experience-dependent refinement are unknown. Here we reveal a form of inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) in MSO neurons that is dependent on spiking and synaptic activation but is not affected by their fine-scale relative timing at higher frequencies prevalent in auditory circuits. We find that iLTP reinforces inhibitory inputs coactive with binaural excitation in a cumulative manner, likely well suited for networks featuring persistent high-frequency activity. We also show that a steep drop in action potential size and backpropagation limits induction of iLTP to the first 2 weeks of hearing. These intrinsic changes would deprive more distal inhibitory synapses of reinforcement, conceivably establishing the mature, soma-biased pattern of inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Winters
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, 1 University Station C7000, Austin TX 78712-0248, USA
| | - Nace L Golding
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, 1 University Station C7000, Austin TX 78712-0248, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Enhancement of Endocannabinoid-dependent Depolarization-induced Suppression of Excitation in Glycinergic Neurons by Prolonged Exposure to High Doses of Salicylate. Neuroscience 2018; 376:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
48
|
Criddle MW, Godfrey DA, Kaltenbach JA. Attenuation of noise-induced hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus by pre-treatment with MK-801. Brain Res 2018; 1682:71-77. [PMID: 29329983 PMCID: PMC5804344 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been hypothesized that hyperactivity of central auditory neurons following exposure to intense noise is a consequence of synaptic alterations. Recent studies suggest the involvement of NMDA receptors in the induction of this hyperactive state. NMDA receptors can mediate long term changes in the excitability of neurons through their involvement in excitotoxic injury and long term potentiation and depression. In this study, we examined the effect of administering an NMDA receptor blocker on the induction of hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) following intense sound exposure. Our prediction was that if hyperactivity induced by intense sound exposure is dependent on NMDA receptors, then blocking these receptors by administering an NMDA receptor antagonist just before animals are exposed to intense sound should reduce the degree of hyperactivity that subsequently emerges. We compared the levels of hyperactivity that develop in the DCN after intense sound exposure to activity recorded in control animals that were not sound exposed. One group of animals to be sound exposed received intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 twenty minutes preceding the sound exposure, while the other group received injection of saline. Recordings performed in the DCN 26-28 days post-exposure revealed increased response thresholds and widespread increases in spontaneous activity in the saline-treated animals that had been sound exposed, consistent with earlier studies. The animals treated with MK-801 preceding sound exposure showed similarly elevated thresholds but an attenuation of hyperactivity in the DCN; the attenuation was most robust in the high frequency half of the DCN, but lower levels of hyperactivity were also found in the low frequency half. These findings suggest that NMDA receptors are an important component of the hyperactivity-inducing mechanism following intense sound exposure. They further suggest that blockade of NMDA receptors may offer a useful therapeutic approach to preventing induction of noise-induced hyperactivity-related hearing disorders, such as tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Criddle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - D A Godfrey
- Department of Neurology and Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43610, USA
| | - J A Kaltenbach
- Department of Neurosciences, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olsen T, Capurro A, Pilati N, Large CH, Hamann M. Kv3 K + currents contribute to spike-timing in dorsal cochlear nucleus principal cells. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:319-333. [PMID: 29421326 PMCID: PMC5869058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to loud sound increases burst-firing of dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) fusiform cells in the auditory brainstem, which has been suggested to be an electrophysiological correlate of tinnitus. The altered activity of DCN fusiform cells may be due to down-regulation of high voltage-activated (Kv3-like) K+ currents. Whole cell current-clamp recordings were obtained from DCN fusiform cells in brain slices from P15-P18 CBA mice. We first studied whether acoustic over-exposure (performed at P15) or pharmacological inhibition of K+ currents with tetraethylamonium (TEA) affect fusiform cell action potential characteristics, firing frequency and spike-timing relative to evoking current stimuli. We then tested whether AUT1, a modulator of Kv3 K+ currents reverses the effects of sound exposure or TEA. Both loud sound exposure and TEA decreased the amplitude of action potential after-hyperpolarization, reduced the maximum firing frequency, and disrupted spike-timing. These treatments also increased post-synaptic voltage fluctuations at baseline. AUT1 applied in the presence of TEA or following acoustic over-exposure, did not affect the firing frequency, but enhanced action potential after-hyperpolarization, prevented the increased voltage fluctuations and restored spike-timing. Furthermore AUT1 prevented the occurrence of bursts. Our study shows that the effect on spike-timing is significantly correlated with the amplitude of the action potential after-hyperpolarization and the voltage fluctuations at baseline. In conclusion, modulation of putative Kv3 K+ currents may restore regular spike-timing of DCN fusiform cell firing following noise exposure, and could provide a means to restore deficits in temporal encoding observed during noise-induced tinnitus. Whole cell recordings were performed in dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cells. Spike-timing is dependent on the action potential after-hyperpolarization. Spike-timing is dependent on synaptic baseline voltage fluctuations. Inhibition of K+ currents using TEA or acoustic over-exposure disrupt spike-timing. AUT1, a Kv3.1/3.2 K+ current modulator, counteracts the disruptive effects on spike-timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Olsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alberto Capurro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nadia Pilati
- Autifony Srl, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, Universita' di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Charles H Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Martine Hamann
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Olde Scheper TV, Meredith RM, Mansvelder HD, van Pelt J, van Ooyen A. Dynamic Hebbian Cross-Correlation Learning Resolves the Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity Conundrum. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 11:119. [PMID: 29375358 PMCID: PMC5768644 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity has been found to assume many different forms. The classic STDP curve, with one potentiating and one depressing window, is only one of many possible curves that describe synaptic learning using the STDP mechanism. It has been shown experimentally that STDP curves may contain multiple LTP and LTD windows of variable width, and even inverted windows. The underlying STDP mechanism that is capable of producing such an extensive, and apparently incompatible, range of learning curves is still under investigation. In this paper, it is shown that STDP originates from a combination of two dynamic Hebbian cross-correlations of local activity at the synapse. The correlation of the presynaptic activity with the local postsynaptic activity is a robust and reliable indicator of the discrepancy between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron's activity. The second correlation is between the local postsynaptic activity with dendritic activity which is a good indicator of matching local synaptic and dendritic activity. We show that this simple time-independent learning rule can give rise to many forms of the STDP learning curve. The rule regulates synaptic strength without the need for spike matching or other supervisory learning mechanisms. Local differences in dendritic activity at the synapse greatly affect the cross-correlation difference which determines the relative contributions of different neural activity sources. Dendritic activity due to nearby synapses, action potentials, both forward and back-propagating, as well as inhibitory synapses will dynamically modify the local activity at the synapse, and the resulting STDP learning rule. The dynamic Hebbian learning rule ensures furthermore, that the resulting synaptic strength is dynamically stable, and that interactions between synapses do not result in local instabilities. The rule clearly demonstrates that synapses function as independent localized computational entities, each contributing to the global activity, not in a simply linear fashion, but in a manner that is appropriate to achieve local and global stability of the neuron and the entire dendritic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjeerd V Olde Scheper
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Computing and Communication Technologies, Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Pelt
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjen van Ooyen
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|