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Yang J, Shi P, Li Y, Zuo Y, Nie Y, Xu T, Peng D, An Z, Huang T, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xu Y, Tang Z, Li A, Xu J. Regulatory mechanisms orchestrating cellular diversity of Cd36+ olfactory sensory neurons revealed by scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq analysis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114671. [PMID: 39215999 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have revealed remarkable complexity within olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), including the existence of two OSN populations based on the expression of Cd36. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing this cellular diversity in the same cell type remain elusive. Here, we show the preferential expression of 79 olfactory receptors in Cd36+ OSNs and the anterior projection characteristics of Cd36+ OSNs, indicating the non-randomness of Cd36 expression. The integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and scATAC-seq reveals that the differences in Cd36+/- OSNs occur at the immature OSN stage, with Mef2a and Hdac9 being important regulators of developmental divergence. We hypothesize that the absence of Hdac9 may affect the activation of Mef2a, leading to the up-regulation of Mef2a target genes, including teashirt zinc finger family member 1 (Tshz1), in the Cd36+ OSN lineage. We validate that Tshz1 directly promotes Cd36 expression through enhancer bindings. Our study unravels the intricate regulatory landscape and principles governing cellular diversity in the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yiheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yachao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yage Nie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongjie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziyang An
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yicong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Innovation Center for Evolutionary Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Mirasierra M, Fernández-Pérez A, Lizarbe B, Keiran N, Ruiz-Cañas L, Casarejos MJ, Cerdán S, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S, Vallejo M. Alx3 deficiency disrupts energy homeostasis, alters body composition, and impairs hypothalamic regulation of food intake. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:343. [PMID: 39129011 PMCID: PMC11335267 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of food intake, energy storage, and expenditure involves complex interactions between hypothalamic neurons and peripheral tissues including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, muscle, and liver. Previous research shows that deficiency of the transcription factor Alx3 alters pancreatic islet-dependent glucose homeostasis. In this study we carried out a comprehensive assessment of metabolic alterations in Alx3 deficiency. We report that Alx3-deficient mice exhibit decreased food intake without changes in body weight, along with reduced energy expenditure and altered respiratory exchange ratio. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals increased adiposity and decreased muscle mass, which was associated with markers of motor and sympathetic denervation. By contrast, Alx3-deficient mice on a high-fat diet show attenuated weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity, compared to control mice. Gene expression analysis demonstrates altered lipogenic and lipolytic gene profiles. In wild type mice Alx3 is expressed in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons, but not in major peripheral metabolic organs. Functional diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reveals selective hypothalamic responses to fasting in the arcuate nucleus of Alx3-deficient mice. Additionally, altered expression of proopiomelanocortin and melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus suggests impaired regulation of feeding behavior. This study highlights the crucial role for Alx3 in governing food intake, energy homeostasis, and metabolic nutrient partitioning, thereby influencing body mass composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Mirasierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial (CDTI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Lizarbe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) - Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Casarejos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) - Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) - Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Lin H, Bei Y, Shen Z, Wei T, Ge Y, Yu L, Xu H, He W, Dai Y, Yao D, Dai H. HDAC9 Deficiency Upregulates cGMP-dependent Kinase II to Mitigate Neuronal Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01272-7. [PMID: 38940872 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is implicated in ischemic stroke by genome-wide association studies. We conducted a series of experiments using a mouse model of ischemic stroke (middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion) to examine the potential role of HDAC9. Briefly, HDAC9 was upregulated in the penumbra. Deletion of HDAC9 from neurons reduced infarction volume, inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the penumbra, and improved neurological outcomes. HDAC9 knockout from neurons in the penumbra upregulated cGMP-dependent kinase II (cGK II), blocking which abrogated the protective effects of HDAC9 deletion. Mechanistically, HDAC9 interacts with the transcription factor MEF2, thereby inhibiting MEF2's binding to the promoter region of the cGK II gene, which results in the suppression of cGK II expression. Inhibiting the interaction between HDAC9 and MEF2 by BML210 upregulated cGK II and attenuated ischemic injury in mice. These results encourage targeting the HDAC9-MEF2 interaction in developing novel therapy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yun Bei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zexu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Taofeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuyang Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yunjian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Difei Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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4
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Falcetta D, Quirim S, Cocchiararo I, Chabry F, Théodore M, Stiefvater A, Lin S, Tintignac L, Ivanek R, Kinter J, Rüegg MA, Sinnreich M, Castets P. CaMKIIβ deregulation contributes to neuromuscular junction destabilization in Myotonic Dystrophy type I. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:11. [PMID: 38769542 PMCID: PMC11106974 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic Dystrophy type I (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. Previous reports have highlighted that neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) deteriorate in skeletal muscle from DM1 patients and mouse models thereof. However, the underlying pathomechanisms and their contribution to muscle dysfunction remain unknown. METHODS We compared changes in NMJs and activity-dependent signalling pathways in HSALR and Mbnl1ΔE3/ΔE3 mice, two established mouse models of DM1. RESULTS Muscle from DM1 mouse models showed major deregulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKIIs), which are key activity sensors regulating synaptic gene expression and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) recycling at the NMJ. Both mouse models exhibited increased fragmentation of the endplate, which preceded muscle degeneration. Endplate fragmentation was not accompanied by changes in AChR turnover at the NMJ. However, the expression of synaptic genes was up-regulated in mutant innervated muscle, together with an abnormal accumulation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a known target of CaMKII. Interestingly, denervation-induced increase in synaptic gene expression and AChR turnover was hampered in DM1 muscle. Importantly, CaMKIIβ/βM overexpression normalized endplate fragmentation and synaptic gene expression in innervated Mbnl1ΔE3/ΔE3 muscle, but it did not restore denervation-induced synaptic gene up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CaMKIIβ-dependent and -independent mechanisms perturb synaptic gene regulation and muscle response to denervation in DM1 mouse models. Changes in these signalling pathways may contribute to NMJ destabilization and muscle dysfunction in DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Falcetta
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Quirim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Cocchiararo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Florent Chabry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Marine Théodore
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Stiefvater
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Tintignac
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, CH-4053, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, CH-4053, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kinter
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Castets
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
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5
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Tao Y, Zhang Y, Jin X, Hua N, Liu H, Qi R, Huang Z, Sun Y, Jiang D, Snutch TP, Jiang X, Tao J. Epigenetic regulation of beta-endorphin synthesis in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons modulates neuropathic pain in a rodent pain model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7234. [PMID: 37945654 PMCID: PMC10636187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although beta-endorphinergic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) synthesize beta-endorphin (β-EP) to alleviate nociceptive behaviors, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we elucidated an epigenetic pathway driven by microRNA regulation of β-EP synthesis in ARC neurons to control neuropathic pain. In pain-injured rats miR-203a-3p was the most highly upregulated miRNA in the ARC. A similar increase was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of trigeminal neuralgia patients. Mechanistically, we found histone deacetylase 9 was downregulated following nerve injury, which decreased deacetylation of histone H3 lysine-18, facilitating the binding of NR4A2 transcription factor to the miR-203a-3p gene promoter, thereby upregulating miR-203a-3p expression. Further, increased miR-203a-3p was found to maintain neuropathic pain by targeting proprotein convertase 1, an endopeptidase necessary for the cleavage of proopiomelanocortin, the precursor of β-EP. The identified mechanism may provide an avenue for the development of new therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Jin
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Nan Hua
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Renfei Qi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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6
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Lin H, Peng H, Sun Y, Si M, Wu J, Wang Y, Thomas SS, Sun Z, Hu Z. Reprogramming of cis-regulatory networks during skeletal muscle atrophy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6581. [PMID: 37853001 PMCID: PMC10584982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive atlas of cis-regulatory elements and their dynamic activity is necessary to understand the transcriptional basis of cellular structure maintenance, metabolism, and responses to the environment. Here we show, using matched single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and RNA-sequencing from juvenile male C57BL6 mice, an atlas of accessible chromatin regions in both normal and denervated skeletal muscles. We identified cell-type-specific cis-regulatory networks, highlighting the dynamic regulatory circuits mediating transitions between myonuclear types. Through comparison of normal and perturbed muscle, we delineated the reprogramming of cis-regulatory networks in response to denervation, described the interplay of promoters/enhancers and target genes. We further unveil a hierarchical structure of transcription factors that delineate a regulatory network in atrophic muscle, identifying ELK4 as a key atrophy-related transcription factor that instigates muscle atrophy through TGF-β1 regulation. This study furnishes a rich genomic resource, essential for decoding the regulatory dynamics of skeletal muscle in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Meijun Si
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sandhya S Thomas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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7
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Kabir F, Atkinson R, Cook AL, Phipps AJ, King AE. The role of altered protein acetylation in neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1025473. [PMID: 36688174 PMCID: PMC9845957 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1025473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is a key post-translational modification (PTM) involved in the regulation of both histone and non-histone proteins. It controls cellular processes such as DNA transcription, RNA modifications, proteostasis, aging, autophagy, regulation of cytoskeletal structures, and metabolism. Acetylation is essential to maintain neuronal plasticity and therefore essential for memory and learning. Homeostasis of acetylation is maintained through the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, with alterations to these tightly regulated processes reported in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both hyperacetylation and hypoacetylation can impair neuronal physiological homeostasis and increase the accumulation of pathophysiological proteins such as tau, α-synuclein, and Huntingtin protein implicated in AD, PD, and HD, respectively. Additionally, dysregulation of acetylation is linked to impaired axonal transport, a key pathological mechanism in ALS. This review article will discuss the physiological roles of protein acetylation and examine the current literature that describes altered protein acetylation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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8
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Han H, McGivney BA, Allen L, Bai D, Corduff LR, Davaakhuu G, Davaasambuu J, Dorjgotov D, Hall TJ, Hemmings AJ, Holtby AR, Jambal T, Jargalsaikhan B, Jargalsaikhan U, Kadri NK, MacHugh DE, Pausch H, Readhead C, Warburton D, Dugarjaviin M, Hill EW. Common protein-coding variants influence the racing phenotype in galloping racehorse breeds. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1320. [PMID: 36513809 PMCID: PMC9748125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for system-wide morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptations has led to extreme athletic phenotypes among geographically diverse horse breeds. Here, we identify genes contributing to exercise adaptation in racehorses by applying genomics approaches for racing performance, an end-point athletic phenotype. Using an integrative genomics strategy to first combine population genomics results with skeletal muscle exercise and training transcriptomic data, followed by whole-genome resequencing of Asian horses, we identify protein-coding variants in genes of interest in galloping racehorse breeds (Arabian, Mongolian and Thoroughbred). A core set of genes, G6PC2, HDAC9, KTN1, MYLK2, NTM, SLC16A1 and SYNDIG1, with central roles in muscle, metabolism, and neurobiology, are key drivers of the racing phenotype. Although racing potential is a multifactorial trait, the genomic architecture shaping the common athletic phenotype in horse populations bred for racing provides evidence for the influence of protein-coding variants in fundamental exercise-relevant genes. Variation in these genes may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of horse populations towards specific types of racing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Han
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Beatrice A. McGivney
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Lucy Allen
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Dongyi Bai
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Leanne R. Corduff
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Gantulga Davaakhuu
- grid.425564.40000 0004 0587 3863Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330 Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Davaasambuu
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Dulguun Dorjgotov
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Thomas J. Hall
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Hemmings
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Amy R. Holtby
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Tuyatsetseg Jambal
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Badarch Jargalsaikhan
- grid.444534.60000 0000 8485 883XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210 Mongolia
| | - Uyasakh Jargalsaikhan
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Naveen K. Kadri
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Hubert Pausch
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Readhead
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - David Warburton
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Emmeline W. Hill
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
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9
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Bai L, Tu WY, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Shen C. Motoneurons innervation determines the distinct gene expressions in multinucleated myofibers. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:140. [PMID: 36042463 PMCID: PMC9429338 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are peripheral synapses connecting motoneurons and skeletal myofibers. At the postsynaptic side in myofibers, acetylcholine receptor (AChR) proteins are clustered by the neuronal agrin signal. Meanwhile, several nuclei in each myofiber are specially enriched around the NMJ for postsynaptic gene transcription. It remains mysterious that how gene expressions in these synaptic nuclei are systematically regulated, especially by motoneurons. Results We found that synaptic nuclei have a distinctive chromatin structure and gene expression profiling. Synaptic nuclei are formed during NMJ development and maintained by motoneuron innervation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that motoneuron innervation determines the distinct expression patterns in the synaptic region and non-synaptic region in each multinucleated myofiber, probably through epigenetic regulation. Myonuclei in synaptic and non-synaptic regions have different responses to denervation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the histone lysine demethylases Kdm1a is a negative regulator of synaptic gene expression. Inhibition of Kdm1a promotes AChR expression but impairs motor functions. Conclusion These results demonstrate that motoneurons innervation determines the distinct gene expressions in multinucleated myofibers. Thus, dysregulation of nerve-controlled chromatin structure and muscle gene expression might cause muscle weakness and atrophy in motoneuron degenerative disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00876-6.
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10
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Yang C, Croteau S, Hardy P. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9: versatile biological functions and emerging roles in human cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:997-1017. [PMID: 34318404 PMCID: PMC8516780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates. HDAC9 plays an essential role in diverse physiological processes including cardiac muscle development, bone formation, adipocyte differentiation and innate immunity. HDAC9 inhibition or activation is therefore a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in several diseases. HDAC9 overexpression is also common in cancer cells, where HDAC9 alters the expression and activity of numerous relevant proteins involved in carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the most recent discoveries regarding HDAC9 as a crucial regulator of specific physiological systems and, more importantly, highlights the diverse spectrum of HDAC9-mediated posttranslational modifications and their contributions to cancer pathogenesis. HDAC9 is a potential novel therapeutic target, and the restoration of aberrant expression patterns observed among HDAC9 target genes and their related signaling pathways may provide opportunities to the design of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Room 2.17.004, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Stéphane Croteau
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Room 2.17.004, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5 Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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11
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Aarts JMMJG, Alink GM, Franssen HJ, Roebroeks W. Evolution of Hominin Detoxification: Neanderthal and Modern Human Ah Receptor Respond Similarly to TCDD. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1292-1305. [PMID: 33230523 PMCID: PMC8042735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of detoxification has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR confers a significantly better capacity to deal with toxic smoke components than the Neanderthal AHR. To evaluate this, we compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal or a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage. We observe no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR, whereas a 150–1,000 times difference was previously reported in a study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our study exemplifies that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance to determine (ancient) protein activity. The Neanderthal and modern human dose–response curves almost coincide, except for a slightly higher extrapolated maximum for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5′-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR, which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins, chimpanzees, and gorillas than in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac M M J G Aarts
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit M Alink
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wil Roebroeks
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Ma W, Cai Y, Shen Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Ji Y, Chen Z, Zhu J, Yang X, Sun H. HDAC4 Knockdown Alleviates Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting Myogenin-Dependent Atrogene Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:663384. [PMID: 34276308 PMCID: PMC8278478 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.663384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Denervation can activate the catabolic pathway in skeletal muscle and lead to progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. At present, there is no effective treatment for muscle atrophy. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) has recently been found to be closely related to muscle atrophy, but the underlying mechanism of HDAC4 in denervation-induced muscle atrophy have not been described clearly yet. In this study, we found that the expression of HDAC4 increased significantly in denervated skeletal muscle. HDAC4 inhibition can effectively diminish denervation-induced muscle atrophy, reduce the expression of muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligase (MuRF1 and MAFbx) and autophagy related proteins (Atg7, LC3B, PINK1 and BNIP3), inhibit the transformation of type I fibers to type II fibers, and enhance the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1 α. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was performed and suggested that HDAC4 may be involved in denervation-induced muscle atrophy by regulating the response to denervation involved in the regulation of muscle adaptation, cell division, cell cycle, apoptotic process, skeletal muscle atrophy, and cell differentiation. STRING analysis showed that HDAC4 may be involved in the process of muscle atrophy by directly regulating myogenin (MYOG), cell cycle inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A) and salt induced kinase 1 (SIK1). MYOG was significantly increased in denervated skeletal muscle, and MYOG inhibition could significantly alleviate denervation-induced muscle atrophy, accompanied by the decreased MuRF1 and MAFbx. MYOG overexpression could reduce the protective effect of HDAC4 inhibition on denervation-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by the decreased muscle mass and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and the increased mitophagy. Taken together, HDAC4 inhibition can alleviate denervation-induced muscle atrophy by reducing MYOG expression, and HDAC4 is also directly related to CDKN1A and SIK1 in skeletal muscle, which suggests that HDAC4 inhibitors may be a potential drug for the treatment of neurogenic muscle atrophy. These results not only enrich the molecular regulation mechanism of denervation-induced muscle atrophy, but also provide the experimental basis for HDAC4-MYOG axis as a new target for the prevention and treatment of muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Binhai County, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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13
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Zhang YJ, Yao Y, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Zhang P, Li FR, Wang ZH, Liu D, Lv YB, Kang L, Shi XM, Mao C. Association of regular aerobic exercises and neuromuscular junction variants with incidence of frailty: an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:350-357. [PMID: 33527771 PMCID: PMC8061381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidate genes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathway increased risk of frailty, but the extent and whether can be offset by exercises was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aerobic exercises and incident frailty regardless of NMJ pathway-related genetic risk. METHODS A cohort study on participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7006 participants (mean age of 80.6 ± 10.3 years) without frailty at baseline were interviewed to record aerobic exercise status, and 4053 individuals among them submitted saliva samples. NMJ pathway-related genes were genotyped and weighted genetic risk scores were constructed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (19 634 person-years), there were 1345 cases (19.2%) of incident frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises were associated with a 26% lesser frailty risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.85]. This association was stronger in a subgroup of 1552 longevous participants (age between 90 and 111 years, adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87). High genetic risk was associated with a 35% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58). Of the participants with high genetic risk and no persistent aerobic exercises, there was a 59% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09). HRs for the risk of frailty increased from the low genetic risk with persistent aerobic exercise to high genetic risk without persistent aerobic exercise (P trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic exercises and NMJ pathway-related genetic risk were significantly associated with frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises can partly offset NMJ pathway-related genetic risk to frailty in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-He Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Cabej NR. A mechanism of inheritance of acquired traits in animals. Dev Biol 2021; 475:106-117. [PMID: 33741349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental evidence for the inheritance of acquired traits in animals is slowly, but steadily accumulating. The onset and transmission of acquired traits implies the acquisition and transmission from parents to progeny of new information, which is different from the genetic information contained in DNA. The new non-genetic information most commonly is passed on from parents to the offspring via gamete(s), but how it is precisely transmitted to the successive generations is still unknown. Based on adequate empirical evidence presented herein, a hypothesis is proposed of the inheritance of acquired traits in animals and the flow of the relevant parental information to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson R Cabej
- University of Tirana Faculty of Medicine, Universiteti i Mjekesise Tirane, Department of Biology, 147 Manhattan Terrace, Dumont, 07628, USA.
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15
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Ohkawara B, Ito M, Ohno K. Secreted Signaling Molecules at the Neuromuscular Junction in Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052455. [PMID: 33671084 PMCID: PMC7957818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is affected in many human diseases, including congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS), myasthenia gravis, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Isaacs’ syndrome, Schwartz–Jampel syndrome, Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and sarcopenia. The NMJ is a prototypic cholinergic synapse between the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle. Synaptogenesis of the NMJ has been extensively studied, which has also been extrapolated to further understand synapse formation in the central nervous system. Studies of genetically engineered mice have disclosed crucial roles of secreted molecules in the development and maintenance of the NMJ. In this review, we focus on the secreted signaling molecules which regulate the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the NMJ. We first discuss the signaling pathway comprised of neural agrin and its receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK). This pathway drives the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) to ensure efficient signal transduction at the NMJ. We also discuss three secreted molecules (Rspo2, Fgf18, and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf)) that we recently identified in the Wnt/β-catenin and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) signaling pathways. The three secreted molecules facilitate the clustering of AChRs by enhancing the agrin-Lrp4-MuSK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisei Ohkawara
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2447; Fax: +81-52-744-2449
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16
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Brancolini C, Di Giorgio E, Formisano L, Gagliano T. Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes (Who Controls the Controllers)? Two Decades of Studies on HDAC9. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020090. [PMID: 33513699 PMCID: PMC7912504 DOI: 10.3390/life11020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how an epigenetic regulator drives different cellular responses can be a tricky task. Very often, their activities are modulated by large multiprotein complexes, the composition of which is context- and time-dependent. As a consequence, experiments aimed to unveil the functions of an epigenetic regulator can provide different outcomes and conclusions, depending on the circumstances. HDAC9 (histone deacetylase), an epigenetic regulator that influences different differentiating and adaptive responses, makes no exception. Since its discovery, different phenotypes and/or dysfunctions have been observed after the artificial manipulation of its expression. The cells and the microenvironment use multiple strategies to control and monitor HDAC9 activities. To date, some of the genes under HDAC9 control have been identified. However, the exact mechanisms through which HDAC9 can achieve all the different tasks so far described, remain mysterious. Whether it can assemble into different multiprotein complexes and how the cells modulate these complexes is not clearly defined. In summary, despite several cellular responses are known to be affected by HDAC9, many aspects of its network of interactions still remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
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17
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Rodríguez Cruz PM, Cossins J, Beeson D, Vincent A. The Neuromuscular Junction in Health and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms Governing Synaptic Formation and Homeostasis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:610964. [PMID: 33343299 PMCID: PMC7744297 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.610964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a highly specialized synapse between a motor neuron nerve terminal and its muscle fiber that are responsible for converting electrical impulses generated by the motor neuron into electrical activity in the muscle fibers. On arrival of the motor nerve action potential, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, which leads to the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). ACh crosses the synaptic gap and binds to ACh receptors (AChRs) tightly clustered on the surface of the muscle fiber; this leads to the endplate potential which initiates the muscle action potential that results in muscle contraction. This is a simplified version of the events in neuromuscular transmission that take place within milliseconds, and are dependent on a tiny but highly structured NMJ. Much of this review is devoted to describing in more detail the development, maturation, maintenance and regeneration of the NMJ, but first we describe briefly the most important molecules involved and the conditions that affect their numbers and function. Most important clinically worldwide, are myasthenia gravis (MG), the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS), each of which causes specific molecular defects. In addition, we mention the neurotoxins from bacteria, snakes and many other species that interfere with neuromuscular transmission and cause potentially fatal diseases, but have also provided useful probes for investigating neuromuscular transmission. There are also changes in NMJ structure and function in motor neuron disease, spinal muscle atrophy and sarcopenia that are likely to be secondary but might provide treatment targets. The NMJ is one of the best studied and most disease-prone synapses in the nervous system and it is amenable to in vivo and ex vivo investigation and to systemic therapies that can help restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Cossins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Beeson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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A M, Latario CJ, Pickrell LE, Higgs HN. Lysine acetylation of cytoskeletal proteins: Emergence of an actin code. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2020; 219:211455. [PMID: 33044556 PMCID: PMC7555357 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation of nuclear proteins such as histones is a long-established important regulatory mechanism for chromatin remodeling and transcription. In the cytoplasm, acetylation of a number of cytoskeletal proteins, including tubulin, cortactin, and the formin mDia2, regulates both cytoskeletal assembly and stability. More recently, acetylation of actin itself was revealed to regulate cytoplasmic actin polymerization through the formin INF2, with downstream effects on ER-to-mitochondrial calcium transfer, mitochondrial fission, and vesicle transport. This finding raises the possibility that actin acetylation, along with other post-translational modifications to actin, might constitute an "actin code," similar to the "histone code" or "tubulin code," controlling functional shifts to these central cellular proteins. Given the multiple roles of actin in nuclear functions, its modifications might also have important roles in gene expression.
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19
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Hirano K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Namihira M. Indonesian Ginger (Bangle) Extract Promotes Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells through WNT Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4772. [PMID: 32635647 PMCID: PMC7369972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesian ginger (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.), also known as Bangle, exhibits neurotrophic effects on cultured murine cortical neurons and in the adult mouse brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) as a model system for in vitro human neurogenesis, we show that Bangle extracts activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. Bangle extract-treatment of hfNSCs not only promoted neuronal differentiation, but also accelerated neurite outgrowth from immature neurons. Furthermore, Bangle extracts induced expression of neurogenic genes and WNT signaling-target genes, and facilitated the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei of hfNSC. Interestingly, altered histone modifications were also observed in Bangle-treated hfNSCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bangle contributes to hfNSC neurogenesis by WNT pathway and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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20
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Belotti E, Schaeffer L. Regulation of Gene expression at the neuromuscular Junction. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135163. [PMID: 32553805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in skeletal muscle is profoundly changed upon innervation. 50 years of research on the neuromuscular system have greatly increased our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these changes. By controlling the expression and the activity of key transcription factors, nerve-evoked electrical activity in the muscle fiber positively and negatively regulates the expression of hundreds of genes. Innervation also compartmentalizes gene expression into synaptic and extra-synaptic regions of muscle fibers. In addition, electrically-evoked, release of several factors (e.g. Agrin, Neuregulin, Wnt ligands) induce the clustering of synaptic proteins and of a few muscle nuclei. The sub-synaptic nuclei acquire a particular chromatin organization and develop a specific gene expression program dedicated to building and maintaining a functional neuromuscular synapse. Deciphering synapse-specific, transcriptional regulation started with the identification of the N-box, a six base pair element present in the promoters of the acetylcholine δ and ε subunits. Most genes with synapse-specific expression turned out to contain at least one N-box in their promoters. The N-box is a response element for the synaptic signals Agrin and Neuregulins as well as a binding site for transcription factors of the Ets family. The Ets transcription factors GABP and Erm are implicated in the activation of post-synaptic genes via the N-box. In muscle fibers, Erm expression is restricted to the NMJ whereas GABP is expressed in all muscle nuclei but phosphorylated and activated by the JNK and ERK signaling pathways in response to Agrin and Neuregulins. Post-synaptic gene expression also correlates with chromatin modifications at the genomic level as evidenced by the strong enrichment of decondensed chromatin and acetylated histones in sub-synaptic nuclei. Here we discuss these transcriptional pathways for synaptic specialization at NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Belotti
- INMG, Inserm U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Université Lyon 1, Université De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- INMG, Inserm U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Université Lyon 1, Université De Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre De Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France.
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21
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Belotti E, Lacoste N, Simonet T, Papin C, Padmanabhan K, Scionti I, Gangloff YG, Ramos L, Dalkara D, Hamiche A, Dimitrov S, Schaeffer L. H2A.Z is dispensable for both basal and activated transcription in post-mitotic mouse muscles. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4601-4613. [PMID: 32266374 PMCID: PMC7229818 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the histone variant H2A.Z is known to be required for mitosis, it is also enriched in nucleosomes surrounding the transcription start site of active promoters, implicating H2A.Z in transcription. However, evidence obtained so far mainly rely on correlational data generated in actively dividing cells. We have exploited a paradigm in which transcription is uncoupled from the cell cycle by developing an in vivo system to inactivate H2A.Z in terminally differentiated post-mitotic muscle cells. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq experiments performed on H2A.Z KO post-mitotic muscle cells show that this histone variant is neither required to maintain nor to activate transcription. Altogether, this study provides in vivo evidence that in the absence of mitosis H2A.Z is dispensable for transcription and that the enrichment of H2A.Z on active promoters is a marker but not an active driver of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Belotti
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Simonet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Papin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Parc d’innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Ilkirch Cedex, France
| | - Kiran Padmanabhan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Isabella Scionti
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yann-Gaël Gangloff
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lorrie Ramos
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Defne Dalkara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Parc d’innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Ilkirch Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balcova, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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22
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Hu S, Cho EH, Lee JY. Histone Deacetylase 9: Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:234-244. [PMID: 32347025 PMCID: PMC7188980 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC9 catalyzes the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, commonly leading to the suppression of gene transcription. The activity of HDAC9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally. HDAC9 is known to play an essential role in regulating myocyte and adipocyte differentiation and cardiac muscle development. Also, recent studies have suggested that HDAC9 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis. HDAC9 modulates the expression of genes related to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases by altering chromatin structure in their promotor region or reducing the transcriptional activity of their respective transcription factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of HDAC9 expression and activity. Also, the roles of HDAC9 in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases are discussed, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Eun Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Traoré M, Gentil C, Benedetto C, Hogrel JY, De la Grange P, Cadot B, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Julien L, Lemaitre M, Ferry A, Piétri-Rouxel F, Falcone S. An embryonic CaVβ1 isoform promotes muscle mass maintenance via GDF5 signaling in adult mouse. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/517/eaaw1131. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms that govern skeletal muscle plasticity is essential to understand its pathophysiological processes, including age-related sarcopenia. The voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.1 has a central role in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC), raising the possibility that it may also initiate the adaptive response to changes during muscle activity. Here, we revealed the existence of a gene transcription switch of the CaV1.1 β subunit (CaVβ1) that is dependent on the innervation state of the muscle in mice. In a mouse model of sciatic denervation, we showed increased expression of an embryonic isoform of the subunit that we called CaVβ1E. CaVβ1E boosts downstream growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) signaling to counteract muscle loss after denervation in mice. We further reported that aged mouse muscle expressed lower quantity of CaVβ1E compared with young muscle, displaying an altered GDF5-dependent response to denervation. Conversely, CaVβ1E overexpression improved mass wasting in aging muscle in mice by increasing GDF5 expression. We also identified the human CaVβ1E analogous and show a correlation between CaVβ1E expression in human muscles and age-related muscle mass decline. These results suggest that strategies targeting CaVβ1E or GDF5 might be effective in reducing muscle mass loss in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel Gentil
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - France Piétri-Rouxel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
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24
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Ablondi M, Viklund Å, Lindgren G, Eriksson S, Mikko S. Signatures of selection in the genome of Swedish warmblood horses selected for sport performance. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:717. [PMID: 31533613 PMCID: PMC6751828 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing demand for improved physical skills and mental attitude in modern sport horses has led to strong selection for performance in many warmblood studbooks. The aim of this study was to detect genomic regions with low diversity, and therefore potentially under selection, in Swedish Warmblood horses (SWB) by analysing high-density SNP data. To investigate if such signatures could be the result of selection for equestrian sport performance, we compared our SWB SNP data with those from Exmoor ponies, a horse breed not selected for sport performance traits. Results The genomic scan for homozygous regions identified long runs of homozygosity (ROH) shared by more than 85% of the genotyped SWB individuals. Such ROH were located on ECA4, ECA6, ECA7, ECA10 and ECA17. Long ROH were instead distributed evenly across the genome of Exmoor ponies in 77% of the chromosomes. Two population differentiation tests (FST and XP-EHH) revealed signatures of selection on ECA1, ECA4, and ECA6 in SWB horses. Conclusions Genes related to behaviour, physical abilities and fertility, appear to be targets of selection in the SWB breed. This study provides a genome-wide map of selection signatures in SWB horses, and ground for further functional studies to unravel the biological mechanisms behind complex traits in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ablondi
- Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Åsa Viklund
- Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Susanne Eriksson
- Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Mikko
- Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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mTORC1 and PKB/Akt control the muscle response to denervation by regulating autophagy and HDAC4. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3187. [PMID: 31320633 PMCID: PMC6639401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of innervation of skeletal muscle is a determinant event in several muscle diseases. Although several effectors have been identified, the pathways controlling the integrated muscle response to denervation remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PKB/Akt and mTORC1 play important roles in regulating muscle homeostasis and maintaining neuromuscular endplates after nerve injury. To allow dynamic changes in autophagy, mTORC1 activation must be tightly balanced following denervation. Acutely activating or inhibiting mTORC1 impairs autophagy regulation and alters homeostasis in denervated muscle. Importantly, PKB/Akt inhibition, conferred by sustained mTORC1 activation, abrogates denervation-induced synaptic remodeling and causes neuromuscular endplate degeneration. We establish that PKB/Akt activation promotes the nuclear import of HDAC4 and is thereby required for epigenetic changes and synaptic gene up-regulation upon denervation. Hence, our study unveils yet-unknown functions of PKB/Akt-mTORC1 signaling in the muscle response to nerve injury, with important implications for neuromuscular integrity in various pathological conditions. Denervation leads to muscle atrophy and neuromuscular endplate remodeling. Here, the authors show that a balanced activation of mTORC1 contributes to the dynamic regulation of autophagic flux in denervated muscle and that activation of PKB/Akt promotes the nuclear import of HDAC4, which is essential for endplate maintenance upon nerve injury
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26
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Soluble Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor Is a Regulator of GALGT2 Expression and GALGT2-Dependent Muscle and Neuromuscular Phenotypes. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00140-19. [PMID: 31036568 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00140-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GALGT2 (also B4GALNT2) encodes a glycosyltransferase that is normally confined to the neuromuscular and myotendinous junction in adult skeletal muscle. GALGT2 overexpression in muscle can inhibit muscular dystrophy in mouse models of the disease by inducing the overexpression of surrogate muscle proteins, including utrophin, agrin, laminins, and integrins. Despite its well-documented biological properties, little is known about the endogenous regulation of muscle GALGT2 expression. Here, we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands can activate the human GALGT2 promoter. Overexpression of one such ligand, soluble heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (sHB-EGF), also stimulated mouse muscle Galgt2 gene expression and expression of GALGT2-inducible surrogate muscle genes. Deletion analysis of the GALGT2 promoter identified a 45-bp region containing a TFAP4-binding site that was required for sHB-EGF activation. sHB-EGF increased TFAP4 binding to this site in muscle cells and increased endogenous Tfap4 gene expression. sHB-EGF also increased muscle EGFR protein expression and activated EGFR-Akt signaling. sHB-EGF expression was concentrated at the neuromuscular junction, and Hbegf deletion reduced Galgt2-dependent synaptic glycosylation. Hbegf deletion also mimicked Galgt2-dependent neuromuscular and muscular dystrophy phenotypes. These data demonstrate that sHB-EGF is an endogenous regulator of muscle Galgt2 gene expression and can mimic Galgt2-dependent muscle phenotypes.
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27
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Lawlor L, Yang XB. Harnessing the HDAC-histone deacetylase enzymes, inhibitors and how these can be utilised in tissue engineering. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:20. [PMID: 31201303 PMCID: PMC6572769 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are large knowledge gaps regarding how to control stem cells growth and differentiation. The limitations of currently available technologies, such as growth factors and/or gene therapies has led to the search of alternatives. We explore here how a cell's epigenome influences determination of cell type, and potential applications in tissue engineering. A prevalent epigenetic modification is the acetylation of DNA core histone proteins. Acetylation levels heavily influence gene transcription. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes can remove these acetyl groups, leading to the formation of a condensed and more transcriptionally silenced chromatin. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can inhibit these enzymes, resulting in the increased acetylation of histones, thereby affecting gene expression. There is strong evidence to suggest that HDACis can be utilised in stem cell therapies and tissue engineering, potentially providing novel tools to control stem cell fate. This review introduces the structure/function of HDAC enzymes and their links to different tissue types (specifically bone, cardiac, neural tissues), including the history, current status and future perspectives of using HDACis for stem cell research and tissue engineering, with particular attention paid to how different HDAC isoforms may be integral to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Lawlor
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Doctoral Training Centre in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Doctoral Training Centre in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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28
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Long Non-Coding RNA Myoparr Regulates GDF5 Expression in Denervated Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5020033. [PMID: 30965639 PMCID: PMC6631233 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue and decreased skeletal muscle mass (muscle atrophy) results in deteriorated motor function and perturbed body homeostasis. Myogenin promoter-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Myoparr promotes skeletal muscle atrophy caused by surgical denervation; however, the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the downstream genes of Myoparr during muscle atrophy following denervation of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in C57BL/6J mice. Myoparr knockdown affected the expression of 848 genes. Sixty-five of the genes differentially regulated by Myoparr knockdown coded secretory proteins. Among these 65 genes identified in Myoparr-depleted skeletal muscles after denervation, we focused on the increased expression of growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), an inhibitor of muscle atrophy. Myoparr knockdown led to activated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in denervated muscles, as indicated by the increased levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8. Our detailed evaluation of downstream genes of Myoparr also revealed that Myoparr regulated differential gene expression between myogenic differentiation and muscle atrophy. This is the first report demonstrating the in vivo role of Myoparr in regulating BMP signaling in denervated muscles. Therefore, lncRNAs that have inhibitory activity on BMP signaling may be putative therapeutic targets for skeletal muscle atrophy.
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29
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Hitachi K, Nakatani M, Takasaki A, Ouchi Y, Uezumi A, Ageta H, Inagaki H, Kurahashi H, Tsuchida K. Myogenin promoter-associated lncRNA Myoparr is essential for myogenic differentiation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847468. [PMID: 30622218 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the expression of adjacent genes; however, precise roles of these lncRNAs in skeletal muscle remain largely unknown. Here, we characterize a promoter-associated lncRNA, Myoparr, in myogenic differentiation and muscle disorders. Myoparr is expressed from the promoter region of the mouse and human myogenin gene, one of the key myogenic transcription factors. We show that Myoparr is essential both for the specification of myoblasts by activating neighboring myogenin expression and for myoblast cell cycle withdrawal by activating myogenic microRNA expression. Mechanistically, Myoparr interacts with Ddx17, a transcriptional coactivator of MyoD, and regulates the association between Ddx17 and the histone acetyltransferase PCAF Myoparr also promotes skeletal muscle atrophy caused by denervation, and knockdown of Myoparr rescues muscle wasting in mice. Our findings demonstrate that Myoparr is a novel key regulator of muscle development and suggest that Myoparr is a potential therapeutic target for neurogenic atrophy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakatani
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takasaki
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Gifu University of Medical Science, Seki, Japan
| | - Yuya Ouchi
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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30
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Elsen GE, Bedogni F, Hodge RD, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Lindtner S, Rubenstein JLR, Hevner RF. The Epigenetic Factor Landscape of Developing Neocortex Is Regulated by Transcription Factors Pax6→ Tbr2→ Tbr1. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:571. [PMID: 30186101 PMCID: PMC6113890 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors (EFs) regulate multiple aspects of cerebral cortex development, including proliferation, differentiation, laminar fate, and regional identity. The same neurodevelopmental processes are also regulated by transcription factors (TFs), notably the Pax6→ Tbr2→ Tbr1 cascade expressed sequentially in radial glial progenitors (RGPs), intermediate progenitors, and postmitotic projection neurons, respectively. Here, we studied the EF landscape and its regulation in embryonic mouse neocortex. Microarray and in situ hybridization assays revealed that many EF genes are expressed in specific cortical cell types, such as intermediate progenitors, or in rostrocaudal gradients. Furthermore, many EF genes are directly bound and transcriptionally regulated by Pax6, Tbr2, or Tbr1, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and gene expression analysis of TF mutant cortices. Our analysis demonstrated that Pax6, Tbr2, and Tbr1 form a direct feedforward genetic cascade, with direct feedback repression. Results also revealed that each TF regulates multiple EF genes that control DNA methylation, histone marks, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA. For example, Tbr1 activates Rybp and Auts2 to promote the formation of non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Also, Pax6, Tbr2, and Tbr1 collectively drive massive changes in the subunit isoform composition of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes during differentiation: for example, a novel switch from Bcl7c (Baf40c) to Bcl7a (Baf40a), the latter directly activated by Tbr2. Of 11 subunits predominantly in neuronal BAF, 7 were transcriptionally activated by Pax6, Tbr2, or Tbr1. Using EFs, Pax6→ Tbr2→ Tbr1 effect persistent changes of gene expression in cell lineages, to propagate features such as regional and laminar identity from progenitors to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E. Elsen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca D. Hodge
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Qu Z, D'Mello SR. Proteomic analysis identifies NPTX1 and HIP1R as potential targets of histone deacetylase-3-mediated neurodegeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:627-638. [PMID: 29486577 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218761149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal and excessive loss of neurons. One molecule that is particularly important in promoting neuronal death in a variety of cell culture and in vivo models of neurodegeneration is histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3), a member of the histone deacetylase family of proteins. As a step towards understanding how HDAC3 promotes neuronal death, we conducted a proteomic screen aimed at identifying proteins that were regulated by HDAC3. HDAC3 was overexpressed in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and protein lysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Of over 3000 proteins identified in the screen, only 21 proteins displayed a significant alteration in expression. Of these, 12 proteins were downregulated whereas 9 proteins were upregulated. The altered expression of five of these proteins, TEX10, NPTX1, TFG, TSC1, and NFL, along with another protein that was downregulated in the proteomic screen, HIP1R, was confirmed using Western blots and commercially available antibodies. Because antibodies were not available for some of the proteins and since HDAC3 is a transcriptional regulator of gene expression, we conducted RT-PCR analysis to confirm expression changes. In separate analyses, we also included other proteins that are known to regulate neurodegeneration, including HDAC9, HSF1, huntingtin, GAPDH, FUS, and p65/RELA. Based on our proteomic screen and candidate protein approach, we identify three genes, Nptx1, Hip1r, and Hdac9, all known to regulate neurodegeneration that are robustly regulated by HDAC3. Given their suggested roles in regulating neuronal death, these genes are likely to be involved in regulating HDAC3-mediated neurotoxicity. Impact statement Neurodegenerative diseases are a major medical, social, and economic problem. Recent studies by several laboratories have indicated that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) plays a key role in promoting neuronal death. But the downstream mediators of HDAC3 neurotoxicity have yet to be identified. We conducted a proteomic screen to identify HDAC3 targets the results of which have been described in this report. Briefly, we identify Nptx1, Hip1r, and Hdac9 as genes whose expression is altered by HDAC3. Investigating how these genes are involved in HDAC3 neurotoxicity could shed valuable insight into neurodegenerative disease and identify molecules that can be targeted to treat these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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Weng J, Wang YH, Li M, Zhang DY, Jiang BG. GSK3β inhibitor promotes myelination and mitigates muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:324-330. [PMID: 29557384 PMCID: PMC5879906 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.226403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury usually leads to progressive muscle atrophy and poor functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered to be one of the main molecular mechanisms that lead to skeletal muscle atrophy in the elderly. We hold the hypothesis that the innervation of target muscle can be promoted by accelerating axon regeneration and decelerating muscle cell degeneration so as to improve functional recovery of skeletal muscle following peripheral nerve injury. This process may be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study designed in vitro cell models to simulate myelin regeneration and muscle atrophy. We investigated the effects of SB216763, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, on the two major murine cell lines RSC96 and C2C12 derived from Schwann cells and muscle satellite cells. The results showed that SB216763 stimulated the Schwann cell migration and myotube contraction. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that myelin related genes, myelin associated glycoprotein and cyclin-D1, muscle related gene myogenin and endplate-associated gene nicotinic acetylcholine receptors levels were stimulated by SB216763. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the expressions of β-catenin in the RSC96 and C2C12 cytosolic and nuclear compartments were increased in the SB216763-treated cells. These findings confirm that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, SB216763, promoted the myelination and myotube differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributed to nerve remyelination and reduced denervated muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Weng
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-guo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an invaluable method for studying interactions between histone proteins and genomic DNA regions and transcriptional regulation using antibodies to enrich genomic regions associated with these epitopes. Either to monitor the presence of histones with post-translational modifications at specific genomic locations or to measure transcription factor interactions with a candidate target gene, protein-DNA complexes are most commonly crosslinked using formaldehyde, which stabilizes these transient interactions. Chromatin is then fragmented to allow separation of genomic fragments bound by the histone or transcription factor of interest away from those that are unbound. Following immunoprecipitation, formaldehyde crosslinks are reversed and enriched DNA fragments are purified. While some investigators have successfully performed ChIP experiments from crosslinked skeletal muscle in cell culture, the process is relatively inefficient compared to whole tissue. This chapter provides protocols specifically designed for the crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of human skeletal muscle biopsy samples in preparation for chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Saini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Molecular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Histone deacetylase 9 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and the response to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19693-708. [PMID: 26930713 PMCID: PMC4991412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine acetylation is an epigenetic mark regulated by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC) which plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we observed a strong overexpression of class IIa HDAC9, at the mRNA and protein levels, in the most aggressive human breast cancer cell lines (i.e. in basal breast cancer cells vs luminal ones or in malignant vs begnin MCF10A breast epithelial cell lines). HDAC9 overexpression was associated with higher rates of gene transcription and increased epigenetic marks on the HDAC9 promoter. Ectopic expression of HDAC9 in MCF7 luminal breast cancer cells led to an increase in cell proliferation and to a decrease in apoptosis. These effects were associated with a deregulated expression of several genes controlled by HDAC inhibitors such as CDKN1A, BAX and TNFRSF10A. Inversely, knock-down of HDAC9 expression in MDA-MB436 basal breast cancer cells reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, high HDAC9 expression decreased the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors to reduce cell proliferation and to regulate CDKN1A gene expression. Interestingly, the gene encoding the transcription factor SOX9 was identified by a global transcriptomic approach as an HDAC9 target gene. In stably transfected MCF7 cells, SOX9 silencing significantly decreased HDAC9 mitogenic activity. Finally, in a large panel of breast cancer biopsies, HDAC9 expression was significantly increased in tumors of the basal subtype, correlated with SOX9 expression and associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, these results indicate that HDAC9 is a key factor involved in mammary carcinogenesis and in the response to HDAC inhibitors.
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Chabert C, Khochbin S, Rousseaux S, Furze R, Smithers N, Prinjha R, Schlattner U, Pison C, Dubouchaud H. Muscle hypertrophy in hypoxia with inflammation is controlled by bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12133. [PMID: 28935884 PMCID: PMC5608715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients engaged in exercise-based muscle rehabilitation programs are unresponsive. To unravel the respective role of chronic hypoxia and pulmonary inflammation on soleus muscle hypertrophic capacities, we challenged male Wistar rats to repeated lipopolysaccharide instillations, associated or not with a chronic hypoxia exposure. Muscle hypertrophy was initiated by bilateral ablation of soleus agonists 1 week before sacrifice. To understand the role played by the histone acetylation, we also treated our animals with an inhibitor of bromodomains and extra terminal proteins (I-BET) during the week after surgery. Pulmonary inflammation totally inhibited this hypertrophy response under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (26% lower than control surgery, p < 0.05), consistent with the S6K1 and myogenin measurements. Changes in histone acetylation and class IIa histone deacetylases expression, following pulmonary inflammation, suggested a putative role for histone acetylation signaling in the altered hypertrophy response. The I-BET drug restored the hypertrophy response suggesting that the non-response of muscle to a hypertrophic stimulus could be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including histone-acetylation dependant pathways. Drugs targeting such epigenetic mechanisms may open therapeutic perspectives for COPD patients with systemic inflammation who are unresponsive to rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Chabert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Rebecca Furze
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, England, UK
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, England, UK
| | - Rab Prinjha
- Epigenetics DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, England, UK
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Christophe Pison
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, 38000, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU des Alpes, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, 38000, France.
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Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Histone Deacetylase 9 Controls Activity-Dependent Thalamocortical Axon Branching. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6024. [PMID: 28729685 PMCID: PMC5519695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, thalamocortical (TC) axons form branches in an activity-dependent fashion. Here we investigated how neuronal activity is converted to molecular signals, focusing on an epigenetic mechanism involving histone deacetylases (HDACs). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HDAC9 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of thalamic cells during the first postnatal week in rats. In organotypic co-cultures of the thalamus and cortex, fluorescent protein-tagged HDAC9 also exhibited nuclueocytoplasmic translocation in thalamic cells during culturing, which was reversed by tetrodotoxin treatment. Transfection with a mutant HDAC9 that interferes with the translocation markedly decreased TC axon branching in the culture. Similarly, TC axon branching was significantly decreased by the mutant HDAC9 gene transfer in vivo. However, axonal branching was restored by disrupting the interaction between HDAC9 and myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). Taken together, the present results demonstrate that the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HDAC9 plays a critical role in activity-dependent TC axon branching by affecting transcriptional regulation and downstream signaling pathways.
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37
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Bourgeois CT, Satou R, Prieto MC. HDAC9 is an epigenetic repressor of kidney angiotensinogen establishing a sex difference. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:18. [PMID: 28572913 PMCID: PMC5450130 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual difference has been shown in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease induced by hypertension. Females are protected from hypertension and related end-organ damage. Augmentation of renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) expression can promote intrarenal angiotensin formation and the development of associated hypertension and kidney injury. Female rodents exhibit lower intrarenal AGT levels than males under normal conditions, suggesting that the suppressed intrarenal AGT production by programmed mechanisms in females may provide protection from these diseases. This study was performed to examine whether epigenetic mechanisms serve as repressors of AGT. Methods Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used to investigate sex differences of systemic, hepatic, and intrarenal AGT levels. All histone deacetylase (HDAC) mRNA levels in the kidneys were determined using a PCR array. HDAC9 protein expression in the kidneys and cultured renal proximal tubular cells (PTC) was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The effects of HDAC9 on AGT expression were evaluated by using an inhibitor and siRNA. ChIP assay was performed to investigate the interaction between the AGT promoter and HDAC9. Results Plasma and liver AGT levels did not show differences between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, females exhibited lower AGT levels than males in the renal cortex and urine. In the absence of supplemented sex hormones, primary cultured renal cortical cells isolated from female rats sustained lower AGT levels than those from males, suggesting that the kidneys have a unique mechanism of AGT regulation controlled by epigenetic factors rather than sex hormones. HDAC9 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the renal cortex of female rats versus male rats (7.09 ± 0.88, ratio to male) while other HDACs did not exhibit a sex difference. HDAC9 expression was localized in PTC which are the primary source of intrarenal AGT. Importantly, HDAC9 knockdown augmented AGT mRNA (1.92 ± 0.35-fold) and protein (2.25 ± 0.50-fold) levels, similar to an HDAC9 inhibitor. Furthermore, an interaction between HDAC9 and a distal 5’ flanking region of AGT via a histone complex containing H3 and H4 was demonstrated. Conclusions These results indicate that HDAC9 is a novel suppressing factor involved in AGT regulation in PTC, leading to low levels of intrarenal AGT in females. These findings will help to delineate mechanisms underlying sex differences in the development of hypertension and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille T Bourgeois
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 USA
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38
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Distinct Fiber Type Signature in Mouse Muscles Expressing a Mutant Lamin A Responsible for Congenital Muscular Dystrophy in a Patient. Cells 2017; 6:cells6020010. [PMID: 28441765 PMCID: PMC5492014 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific mutations in LMNA, which encodes nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A/C, affect skeletal muscle tissues. Early-onset LMNA myopathies reveal different alterations of muscle fibers, including fiber type disproportion or prominent dystrophic and/or inflammatory changes. Recently, we identified the p.R388P LMNA mutation as responsible for congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) and lipodystrophy. Here, we asked whether viral-mediated expression of mutant lamin A in murine skeletal muscles would be a pertinent model to reveal specific muscle alterations. We found that the total amount and size of muscle fibers as well as the extent of either inflammation or muscle regeneration were similar to wildtype or mutant lamin A. In contrast, the amount of fast oxidative muscle fibers containing myosin heavy chain IIA was lower upon expression of mutant lamin A, in correlation with lower expression of genes encoding transcription factors MEF2C and MyoD. These data validate this in vivo model for highlighting distinct muscle phenotypes associated with different lamin contexts. Additionally, the data suggest that alteration of muscle fiber type identity may contribute to the mechanisms underlying physiopathology of L-CMD related to R388P mutant lamin A.
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39
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Choi HJ, Kwon S, Kim DW. A post-translational modification cascade employing HDAC9-PIASy-RNF4 axis regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy by modulating Nkx3.2 protein stability. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1336-1348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Woldemichael BT, Jawaid A, Kremer EA, Gaur N, Krol J, Marchais A, Mansuy IM. The microRNA cluster miR-183/96/182 contributes to long-term memory in a protein phosphatase 1-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12594. [PMID: 27558292 PMCID: PMC5007330 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation is a complex cognitive function regulated by coordinated synaptic and nuclear processes in neurons. In mammals, it is controlled by multiple molecular activators and suppressors, including the key signalling regulator, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Here, we show that memory control by PP1 involves the miR-183/96/182 cluster and its selective regulation during memory formation. Inhibiting nuclear PP1 in the mouse brain, or training on an object recognition task similarly increases miR-183/96/182 expression in the hippocampus. Mimicking this increase by miR-183/96/182 overexpression enhances object memory, while knocking-down endogenous miR-183/96/182 impairs it. This effect involves the modulation of several plasticity-related genes, with HDAC9 identified as an important functional target. Further, PP1 controls miR-183/96/182 in a transcription-independent manner through the processing of their precursors. These findings provide novel evidence for a role of miRNAs in memory formation and suggest the implication of PP1 in miRNAs processing in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisrat T Woldemichael
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Eloïse A Kremer
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Niharika Gaur
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Krol
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4048, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Marchais
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
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41
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Pannérec A, Springer M, Migliavacca E, Ireland A, Piasecki M, Karaz S, Jacot G, Métairon S, Danenberg E, Raymond F, Descombes P, McPhee JS, Feige JN. A robust neuromuscular system protects rat and human skeletal muscle from sarcopenia. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:712-29. [PMID: 27019136 PMCID: PMC4925824 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Declining muscle mass and function is one of the main drivers of loss of independence in the elderly. Sarcopenia is associated with numerous cellular and endocrine perturbations, and it remains challenging to identify those changes that play a causal role and could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we uncovered a remarkable differential susceptibility of certain muscles to age-related decline. Aging rats specifically lose muscle mass and function in the hindlimbs, but not in the forelimbs. By performing a comprehensive comparative analysis of these muscles, we demonstrate that regional susceptibility to sarcopenia is dependent on neuromuscular junction fragmentation, loss of motoneuron innervation, and reduced excitability. Remarkably, muscle loss in elderly humans also differs in vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles in direct relation to neuromuscular dysfunction. By comparing gene expression in susceptible and non-susceptible muscles, we identified a specific transcriptomic signature of neuromuscular impairment. Importantly, differential molecular profiling of the associated peripheral nerves revealed fundamental changes in cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. Altogether our results provide compelling evidence that susceptibility to sarcopenia is tightly linked to neuromuscular decline in rats and humans, and identify dysregulation of sterol metabolism in the peripheral nervous system as an early event in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pannérec
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Springer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Migliavacca
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alex Ireland
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Jacot
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Danenberg
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jerome N. Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Rastogi B, Raut SK, Panda NK, Rattan V, Radotra BD, Khullar M. Overexpression of HDAC9 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma growth, regulates cell cycle progression, and inhibits apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:183-96. [PMID: 26992905 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of deacetylase enzymes that regulate the acetylation state of histones and a variety of other non-histone proteins including key oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins, which modulates chromatin conformation, leading to regulation of gene expression. HDACs has been grouped into classes I-IV and histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) belongs to class IIa which exhibits tissue-specific expression. Recent reports have demonstrated both pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressive role for HDAC9 in different cancers; however, its role in OSCC remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC9 in pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our data showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of HDAC9 in clinical OSCC samples and UPCI-SCC-116 cells as compared to normal counterpart. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with high-level of HDAC9 expression had significantly reduced overall survival than those with low-level of HDAC9 expression (p = 0.034). Knockdown of HDAC9 using siRNA interference suppressed cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in UPCI-SCC-116 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed increased nuclear localization of HDAC9 in frozen OSCC sections, and indicative of active HDAC9 that may transcriptionally repress its downstream target genes. Subsequent investigation revealed that overexpression of HDAC9 contributes to OSCC carcinogenesis via targeting a transcription factor, MEF2D, and NR4A1/Nur77, a pro-apoptotic MEF2 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Rastogi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Satish K Raut
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naresh K Panda
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bishan D Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Visualization of HDAC9 Spatiotemporal Subcellular Localization in Primary Neuron Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1436:119-27. [PMID: 27246212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3667-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9 is one of class IIa HDACs which are expressed in developing cortical neurons. The translocation of HDAC9 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is induced by neuronal activity during postnatal development, and is involved in regulation of various gene expressions. Visualization of HDAC9 subcellular localization is a powerful tool for studying activity-dependent gene expression. Here, we describe a time-lapse imaging method using fluorescent protein-tagged HDAC9 in dissociated cortical neurons. This method reveals dynamic HDAC9-mediated gene expression in response to various signals.
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Macpherson PCD, Farshi P, Goldman D. Dach2-Hdac9 signaling regulates reinnervation of muscle endplates. Development 2015; 142:4038-48. [PMID: 26483211 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscle denervation resulting from injury, disease or aging results in impaired motor function. Restoring neuromuscular communication requires axonal regrowth and endplate reinnervation. Muscle activity inhibits the reinnervation of denervated muscle. The mechanism by which muscle activity regulates muscle reinnervation is poorly understood. Dach2 and Hdac9 are activity-regulated transcriptional co-repressors that are highly expressed in innervated muscle and suppressed following muscle denervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 control the expression of endplate-associated genes such as those encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here we tested the idea that Dach2 and Hdac9 mediate the effects of muscle activity on muscle reinnervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 were found to act in a collaborative fashion to inhibit reinnervation of denervated mouse skeletal muscle and appear to act, at least in part, by inhibiting denervation-dependent induction of Myog and Gdf5 gene expression. Although Dach2 and Hdac9 inhibit Myog and Gdf5 mRNA expression, Myog does not regulate Gdf5 transcription. Thus, Myog and Gdf5 appear to stimulate muscle reinnervation through parallel pathways. These studies suggest that manipulating the Dach2-Hdac9 signaling system, and Gdf5 in particular, might be a good approach for enhancing motor function in instances where neuromuscular communication has been disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C D Macpherson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pershang Farshi
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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PAK1 and CtBP1 Regulate the Coupling of Neuronal Activity to Muscle Chromatin and Gene Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4110-20. [PMID: 26416879 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00354-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression in innervated muscle is limited to the synaptic region. Neuron-induced electrical activity participates in this compartmentalization by promoting the repression of AChR expression in the extrasynaptic regions. Here, we show that the corepressor CtBP1 (C-terminal binding protein 1) is present on the myogenin promoter together with repressive histone marks. shRNA-mediated downregulation of CtBP1 expression is sufficient to derepress myogenin and AChR expression in innervated muscle. Upon denervation, CtBP1 is displaced from the myogenin promoter and relocates to the cytoplasm, while repressive histone marks are replaced by activating ones concomitantly to the activation of myogenin expression. We also observed that upon denervation the p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression is upregulated, suggesting that phosphorylation by PAK1 may be involved in the relocation of CtBP1. Indeed, preventing CtBP1 Ser158 phosphorylation induces CtBP1 accumulation in the nuclei and abrogates the activation of myogenin and AChR expression. Altogether, these findings reveal a molecular mechanism to account for the coordinated control of chromatin modifications and muscle gene expression by presynaptic neurons via a PAK1/CtBP1 pathway.
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46
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Kawano F, Nimura K, Ishino S, Nakai N, Nakata K, Ohira Y. Differences in histone modifications between slow- and fast-twitch muscle of adult rats and following overload, denervation, or valproic acid administration. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1042-52. [PMID: 26404615 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00289.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported alterations in skeletal muscle properties and phenotypes in response to various stimuli such as exercise, unloading, and gene mutation. However, a shift in muscle fiber phenotype from fast twitch to slow twitch is not completely induced by stimuli. This limitation is hypothesized to result from the epigenetic differences between muscle types. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the differences in histone modification for the plantaris (fast) and soleus (slow) muscles of adult rats. Genome-wide analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing revealed that trimethylation at lysine 4 and acetylation of histone 3, which occurs at transcriptionally active gene loci, was less prevalent in the genes specific to the slow-twitch soleus muscle. Conversely, gene loci specific to the fast-twitch plantaris muscle were associated with the aforementioned histone modifications. We also found that upregulation of slow genes in the plantaris muscle, which are related to enhanced muscular activity, is not associated with activating histone modifications. Furthermore, silencing of muscle activity by denervation caused the displacement of acetylated histone and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in 5' ends of genes in plantaris, but minor effects were observed in soleus. Increased recruitment of Pol II induced by forced acetylation of histone was also suppressed in valproic acid-treated soleus. Our present data indicate that the slow-twitch soleus muscle has a unique set of histone modifications, which may relate to the preservation of the genetic backbone against physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Ishino
- Center for Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakai
- School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Sports Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, Japan
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Otaegui D, Masdeu C, Aldaba E, Vara Y, Zubia A, San Sebastian E, Alcalá M, Villafruela S, Cossío FP, Rodriguez-Gascón A. Development and validation of a LC-MS assay for the quantification of ikh12 a novel anti-tumor candidate in rat plasma and tissues and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1249-58. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carme Masdeu
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Eneko Aldaba
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Yosu Vara
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Aizpea Zubia
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Eider San Sebastian
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
- Applied Chemistry Department - Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Maria Alcalá
- Ikerchem S.L; Paseo Mikeletegi 69 San Sebastián Spain
| | | | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Organic Chemistry Department; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Gascón
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Vitoria Spain
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Tintignac LA, Brenner HR, Rüegg MA. Mechanisms Regulating Neuromuscular Junction Development and Function and Causes of Muscle Wasting. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:809-52. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle fiber. Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction may cause failure of this conversion and result in loss of ambulation and respiration. The loss of motor input also causes muscle wasting as muscle mass is constantly adapted to contractile needs by the balancing of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Finally, neuromuscular activity and muscle mass have a major impact on metabolic properties of the organisms. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction, the consequences of and the mechanisms involved in its dysfunction, and its role in maintaining muscle mass during aging. As life expectancy is increasing, loss of muscle mass during aging, called sarcopenia, has emerged as a field of high medical need. Interestingly, aging is also accompanied by structural changes at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in neuromuscular junction maintenance might be disturbed during aging. In addition, there is now evidence that behavioral paradigms and signaling pathways that are involved in longevity also affect neuromuscular junction stability and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. Tintignac
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans-Rudolf Brenner
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
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Akt-mediated phosphorylation controls the activity of the Y-box protein MSY3 in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:18. [PMID: 26146542 PMCID: PMC4491233 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). It is not known how this MSY3 activity is controlled in skeletal muscle. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence showing that the post-translational phosphorylation of MSY3 by Akt kinase modulates the MSY3 repression of myogenin. METHODS Skeletal muscle and myogenic C2C12 cells were used to study the effects of MSY3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro on its sub-cellular localization and activity, by blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway, by Akt depletion and over-expression, and by mutating potential MSY3 phosphorylation sites. RESULTS We observed that, as skeletal muscle progressed from perinatal to postnatal and adult developmental stages, MSY3 protein became gradually dephosphorylated and accumulated in the nucleus. This correlated well with the reduction of phosphorylated active Akt. In C2C12 myogenic cells, blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway using LY294002 inhibitor reduced MSY3 phosphorylation levels resulting in its accumulation in the nuclei. Knocking down Akt expression increased the amount of dephosphorylated MSY3 and reduced myogenin expression and muscle differentiation. MSY3 phosphorylation by Akt in vitro impaired its binding at the MyogHCE element, while blocking Akt increased MSY3 binding activity. While Akt over-expression rescued myogenin expression in MSY3 overexpressing myogenic cells, ablation of the Akt substrate, (Ser126 located in the MSY3 cold shock domain) promoted MSY3 accumulation in the nucleus and abolished this rescue. Furthermore, forced expression of Akt in adult skeletal muscle induced MSY3 phosphorylation and myogenin derepression. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that MSY3 phosphorylation by Akt interferes with MSY3 repression of myogenin circuit activity during muscle development. This study highlights a previously undescribed Akt-mediated signaling pathway involved in the repression of myogenin expression in myogenic cells and in mature muscle. Given the significance of myogenin regulation in adult muscle, the Akt/MSY3/myogenin regulatory circuit is a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle degenerative disease.
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50
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Salian-Mehta S, Xu M, McKinsey TA, Tobet S, Wierman ME. Novel Interaction of Class IIb Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with Class IIa HDAC9 Controls Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuronal Cell Survival and Movement. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14045-56. [PMID: 25873389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the control of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal development is unknown. We identified an increase in many HDACs in GT1-7 (differentiated) compared with NLT (undifferentiated) GnRH neuronal cell lines. Increased HDAC9 mRNA and protein and specific deacetylase activity in GT1-7 cells suggested a functional role. Introduction of HDAC9 in NLT cells protected from serum withdrawal induced apoptosis and impaired basal neuronal cell movement. Conversely, silencing of endogenous HDAC9 in GT1-7 cells increased apoptosis and cell movement. Comparison of WT and mutant HDAC9 constructs demonstrated that the HDAC9 pro-survival effects required combined cytoplasmic and nuclear localization, whereas the effects on cell movement required a cytoplasmic site of action. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated a novel interaction of HDAC9 selectively with the Class IIb HDAC6. HDAC6 was also up-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels, and HDAC6 catalytic activity was significantly increased in GT1-7 compared with NLT cells. HDAC9 interacted with HDAC6 through its second catalytic domain. Silencing of HDAC6, HDAC9, or both, in GT1-7 cells augmented apoptosis compared with controls. HDAC6 and -9 had additive effects to promote cell survival via modulating the BAX/BCL2 pathway. Silencing of HDAC6 resulted in an activation of movement of GT1-7 cells with induction in acetylation of α-tubulin. Inhibition of HDAC6 and HDAC9 together resulted in an additive effect to increase cell movement but did not alter the acetylation of αtubulin. Together, these studies identify a novel interaction of Class IIa HDAC9 with Class IIb HDAC6 to modulate cell movement and survival in GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Xu
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Stuart Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220, and
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