1
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Chung S, Vonk V, Pennicard D, Graafsma H, Stierle A. Transient heating of Pd nanoparticles studied by x-ray diffraction with time of arrival photon detection. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:044301. [PMID: 38974812 PMCID: PMC11223775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed laser heating of an ensemble of Pd nanoparticles, supported by a MgO substrate, is studied by x-ray diffraction. By time-resolved Bragg peak shift measurements due to thermal lattice expansion, the transient temperature of the Pd nanoparticles is determined, which quickly rises by at least 100 K upon laser excitation and then decays within 90 ns. The diffraction experiments were carried out using a Cu x-ray tube, giving continuous radiation, and the hybrid pixel detector Timepix3 operating with single photon counting in a time-of-arrival mode. This type of detection scheme does not require time-consuming scanning of the pump-probe delay. The experimental time resolution is estimated at 15 ± 5 ns, which is very close to the detector's limit and matches with the 7 ns laser pulse duration. Compared to bulk metal single crystals, it is discussed that the maximum temperature reached by the Pd nanoparticles is higher and their cooling rate is lower. These effects are explained by the oxide support having a lower heat conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chung
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Pennicard
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Surdo S, Barillaro G. Voltage- and Metal-assisted Chemical Etching of Micro and Nano Structures in Silicon: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400499. [PMID: 38644330 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Sculpting silicon at the micro and nano scales has been game-changing to mold bulk silicon properties and expand, in turn, applications of silicon beyond electronics, namely, in photonics, sensing, medicine, and mechanics, to cite a few. Voltage- and metal-assisted chemical etching (ECE and MaCE, respectively) of silicon in acidic electrolytes have emerged over other micro and nanostructuring technologies thanks to their unique etching features. ECE and MaCE have enabled the fabrication of novel structures and devices not achievable otherwise, complementing those feasible with the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology, the gold standard in silicon machining. Here, a comprehensive review of ECE and MaCE for silicon micro and nano machining is provided. The chemistry and physics ruling the dissolution of silicon are dissected and similarities and differences between ECE and MaCE are discussed showing that they are the two sides of the same coin. The processes governing the anisotropic etching of designed silicon micro and nanostructures are analyzed, and the modulation of etching profile over depth is discussed. The preparation of micro- and nanostructures with tailored optical, mechanical, and thermo(electrical) properties is then addressed, and their applications in photonics, (bio)sensing, (nano)medicine, and micromechanical systems are surveyed. Eventually, ECE and MaCE are benchmarked against DRIE, and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Surdo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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3
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Kim B, Barbier-Chebbah F, Ogawara Y, Jalabert L, Yanagisawa R, Anufriev R, Nomura M. Anisotropy Reversal of Thermal Conductivity in Silicon Nanowire Networks Driven by Quasi-Ballistic Phonon Transport. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10557-10565. [PMID: 38575375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured semiconductors promise functional thermal management for microelectronics and thermoelectrics through a rich design capability. However, experimental studies on anisotropic in-plane thermal conduction remain limited, despite the demand for directional heat dissipation. Here, inspired by an oriental wave pattern, a periodic network of bent wires, we investigate anisotropic in-plane thermal conduction in nanoscale silicon phononic crystals with the thermally dead volume. We observed the anisotropy reversal of the material thermal conductivity from 1.2 at 300 K to 0.8 at 4 K, with the reversal temperature of 80 K mediated by the transition from a diffusive to a quasi-ballistic regime. Our Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the backflow of the directional phonons induces the anisotropy reversal, showing that the quasi-ballistic phonon transport introduces preferential thermal conduction channels with anomalous temperature dependence. Accordingly, the anisotropy of the effective thermal conductivity varied from 2.7 to 5.0 in the range of 4-300 K, indicating an anisotropic heat manipulation capability. Our findings demonstrate that the design of nanowire networks enables the directional thermal management of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunggi Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Félix Barbier-Chebbah
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Physics Department, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yohei Ogawara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaga, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryoto Yanagisawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Roman Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS IRL 2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaga, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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4
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Xiao P, El Sachat A, Angel EC, Ng RC, Nikoulis G, Kioseoglou J, Termentzidis K, Sotomayor Torres CM, Sledzinska M. MoS 2 phononic crystals for advanced thermal management. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8825. [PMID: 38552010 PMCID: PMC10980264 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Effective thermal management of electronic devices encounters substantial challenges owing to the notable power densities involved. Here, we propose layered MoS2 phononic crystals (PnCs) that can effectively reduce thermal conductivity (κ) with relatively small disruption of electrical conductivity (σ), offering a potential thermal management solution for nanoelectronics. These layered PnCs exhibit remarkable efficiency in reducing κ, surpassing that of Si and SiC PnCs with similar periodicity by ~100-fold. Specifically, in suspended MoS2 PnCs, we measure an exceptionally low κ down to 0.1 watts per meter kelvin, below the amorphous limit while preserving the crystalline structure. These findings are supported by molecular dynamics simulations that account for the film thickness, porosity, and temperature. We demonstrate the approach efficiency by fabricating suspended heat-routing structures that effectively confine and guide heat flow in prespecified directions. This study underpins the immense potential of layered materials as directional heat spreaders, thermal insulators, and active components for thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandros El Sachat
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos,” 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Emigdio Chávez Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ryan C. Ng
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgos Nikoulis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Joseph Kioseoglou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Sledzinska
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Hadi M, Luo H, Pailhès S, Tanguy A, Gravouil A, Capotondi F, De Angelis D, Fainozzi D, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Paltanin E, Pedersoli E, Pelli-Cresi JS, Bencivenga F, Giordano VM. The effect of echoes interference on phonon attenuation in a nanophononic membrane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1317. [PMID: 38351136 PMCID: PMC10864405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanophononic materials are characterized by a periodic nanostructuration, which may lead to coherent scattering of phonons, enabling interference and resulting in modified phonon dispersions. We have used the extreme ultraviolet transient grating technique to measure phonon frequencies and lifetimes in a low-roughness nanoporous phononic membrane of SiN at wavelengths between 50 and 100 nm, comparable to the nanostructure lengthscale. Surprisingly, phonon frequencies are only slightly modified upon nanostructuration, while phonon lifetime is strongly reduced. Finite element calculations indicate that this is due to coherent phonon interference, which becomes dominant for wavelengths between ~ half and twice the inter-pores distance. Despite this, vibrational energy transport is ensured through an energy flow among the coherent modes created by reflections. This interference of phonon echos from periodic interfaces is likely another aspect of the mutual coherence effects recently highlighted in amorphous and complex crystalline materials and, in this context, could be used to tailor transport properties of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Haoming Luo
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- LMS, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Pailhès
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Anne Tanguy
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Gravouil
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo S Pelli-Cresi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina M Giordano
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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6
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He H, Peng W, Le Ferrand H. Thermal Rectification in Modularly Designed Bulk Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307071. [PMID: 37936342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermal rectification is a phenomenon of great practical importance where heat transfer is preferential in one direction. Programmable control of heat transfer in 3D space is key to enable thermal rectification at the macroscale but is rarely realized in natural materials or in current existing devices that are constructed at the nano and microscales with high system complexity. Here, modularly designed bulk metamaterials that can break the symmetry of heat transfer from one direction to the other are created, leading to thermal rectification in convergent or divergent states by tuning the metamaterial microstructural design. These thermal metamaterials are microstructured composites made using one material composition, however, they offer sufficient microstructural design freedom to allow tunable local thermal properties for unusual macroscopic heat transfer. The strategy and performance achieved are promising for next-generation thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying He
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Weixiang Peng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hortense Le Ferrand
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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7
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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8
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Mehew JD, Timmermans MY, Saleta Reig D, Sergeant S, Sledzinska M, Chávez-Ángel E, Gallagher E, Sotomayor Torres CM, Huyghebaert C, Tielrooij KJ. Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Free-Standing Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:51876-51884. [PMID: 37889473 PMCID: PMC10636713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are driving advances in technology due to their oftentimes superior properties over bulk materials. In particular, their thermal properties become increasingly important as efficient heat dissipation is required to realize high-performance electronic devices, reduce energy consumption, and prevent thermal damage. One application where nanomaterials can play a crucial role is extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, where pellicles that protect the photomask from particle contamination have to be transparent to EUV light, mechanically strong, and thermally conductive in order to withstand the heat associated with high-power EUV radiation. Free-standing carbon nanotube (CNT) films have emerged as candidates due to their high EUV transparency and ability to withstand heat. However, the thermal transport properties of these films are not well understood beyond bulk emissivity measurements. Here, we measure the thermal conductivity of free-standing CNT films using all-optical Raman thermometry at temperatures between 300 and 700 K. We find thermal conductivities up to 50 W m-1 K-1 for films composed of double-walled CNTs, which rises to 257 W m-1 K-1 when considering the CNT network alone. These values are remarkably high for randomly oriented CNT networks, roughly seven times that of single-walled CNT films. The enhanced thermal conduction is due to the additional wall, which likely gives rise to additional heat-carrying phonon modes and provides a certain resilience to defects. Our results demonstrate that free-standing double-walled CNT films efficiently dissipate heat, enhancing our understanding of these promising films and how they are suited to applications in EUV lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Dudley Mehew
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - David Saleta Reig
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Marianna Sledzinska
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chávez-Ángel
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | | | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Department
of Applied Physics, TU Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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9
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Stefanou AD, Zianni X. A physics rule to design aperiodic width-modulated waveguides for minimum phonon transmission with Bayesian optimization. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16571-16580. [PMID: 37642493 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aperiodic nano-waveguides (nWVGs) and superlattices (SLs) limit phonon transmission and heat conduction much more efficiently than periodic ones. They could block parasitic heat conduction that restricts heat management and energy conversion at the nanoscale. Aperiodicity can be realized in multiple ways and with variable degrees of complexity. Machine learning optimization of hetero-SLs for minimum coherent phonon conduction showed optimal aperiodicity for moderate disorder against physics intuition. Here, we report on optimal aperiodicity in width-modulated nWVGS for maximum disorder as expected by physics. Optimizing aperiodic geometry modulation is particularly challenging due to the enormous possible configurations. We set up a feasible optimization problem removing unnecessary complexity and we demonstrate efficient Bayesian optimization. Our results confirm the predicted physics rule that minimum thermal conductance occurs for the most disordered arrays of modulation units; the degree of disorder being quantified by the number of non-identical modulation units. Our work opens a route to design geometrical aperiodicity and control transmission across metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios-Dimitrios Stefanou
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna, Evia, Greece.
| | - Xanthippi Zianni
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna, Evia, Greece.
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10
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K. Sivan A, Abad B, Albrigi T, Arif O, Trautvetter J, Ruiz Caridad A, Arya C, Zannier V, Sorba L, Rurali R, Zardo I. GaAs/GaP Superlattice Nanowires for Tailoring Phononic Properties at the Nanoscale: Implications for Thermal Engineering. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:18602-18613. [PMID: 37854853 PMCID: PMC10580287 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to tune the functional properties of nanomaterials is key to their technological applications. Superlattices, i.e., periodic repetitions of two or more materials in one or more dimensions, are being explored for their potential as materials with tailor-made properties. Meanwhile, nanowires offer a myriad of possibilities to engineer systems at the nanoscale, as well as to combine materials that cannot be put together in conventional heterostructures due to the lattice mismatch. In this work, we investigate GaAs/GaP superlattices embedded in GaP nanowires and demonstrate the tunability of their phononic and optoelectronic properties by inelastic light scattering experiments corroborated by ab initio calculations. We observe clear modifications in the dispersion relation for both acoustic and optical phonons in the superlattices nanowires. We find that by controlling the superlattice periodicity, we can achieve tunability of the phonon frequencies. We also performed wavelength-dependent Raman microscopy on GaAs/GaP superlattice nanowires, and our results indicate a reduction in the electronic bandgap in the superlattice compared to the bulk counterpart. All of our experimental results are rationalized with the help of ab initio density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations. This work sheds fresh insights into how material engineering at the nanoscale can tailor phonon dispersion and open pathways for thermal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi K. Sivan
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Abad
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Albrigi
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Omer Arif
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Chaitanya Arya
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rurali
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ilaria Zardo
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Nar S, Stolz A, Machon D, Bourhis E, Andreazza P, Boucherif A, Semmar N. Effect of Nanographene Coating on the Seebeck Coefficient of Mesoporous Silicon. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1254. [PMID: 37049347 PMCID: PMC10097016 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographene-mesoporous silicon (G-PSi) composites have recently emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with tuneable physical properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of nanographene coating on the Seebeck coefficient of mesoporous silicon (PSi) obtained by varying two parameters: porosity and thickness. To achieve this, an electrochemical etching process on p + doped Si is presented for the control of the parameters (thicknesses varying from 20 to 160 µm, and a porosity close to 50%), and for nanographene incorporation through chemical vapor deposition. Raman and XPS spectroscopies confirmed the presence of nanographene on PSi. Using a homemade ZT meter, the Seebeck coefficient of the p + doped Si matrix was evaluated at close to 100 ± 15 µV/K and confirmed by UPS spectroscopy analysis. Our findings suggest that the Seebeck coefficient of the porous Si can be measured independently from that of the substrate by fitting measurements on samples with a different thickness of the porous layer. The value of the Seebeck coefficient for the porous Si is of the order of 750 ± 40 µV/K. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanographene induced a drastic decrease to approximately 120 ± 15 µV/K, a value similar to that of its silicon substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Nar
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 02, France; (S.N.)
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes (LN2)–CNRS IRL-3463, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Arnaud Stolz
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 02, France; (S.N.)
| | - Denis Machon
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes (LN2)–CNRS IRL-3463, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Bourhis
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, ICMN, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 1B, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orleans CEDEX 02, France
| | - Pascal Andreazza
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, ICMN, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 1B, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orleans CEDEX 02, France
| | - Abderraouf Boucherif
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes (LN2)–CNRS IRL-3463, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Nadjib Semmar
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 02, France; (S.N.)
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12
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McBennett B, Beardo A, Nelson EE, Abad B, Frazer TD, Adak A, Esashi Y, Li B, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Knobloch JL. Universal Behavior of Highly Confined Heat Flow in Semiconductor Nanosystems: From Nanomeshes to Metalattices. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2129-2136. [PMID: 36881964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuring on length scales corresponding to phonon mean free paths provides control over heat flow in semiconductors and makes it possible to engineer their thermal properties. However, the influence of boundaries limits the validity of bulk models, while first-principles calculations are too computationally expensive to model real devices. Here we use extreme ultraviolet beams to study phonon transport dynamics in a 3D nanostructured silicon metalattice with deep nanoscale feature size and observe dramatically reduced thermal conductivity relative to bulk. To explain this behavior, we develop a predictive theory wherein thermal conduction separates into a geometric permeability component and an intrinsic viscous contribution, arising from a new and universal effect of nanoscale confinement on phonon flow. Using experiments and atomistic simulations, we show that our theory applies to a general set of highly confined silicon nanosystems, from metalattices, nanomeshes, porous nanowires, to nanowire networks, of great interest for next-generation energy-efficient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan McBennett
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Albert Beardo
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Emma E Nelson
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Begoña Abad
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Travis D Frazer
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Amitava Adak
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yuka Esashi
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Baowen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joshua L Knobloch
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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13
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Zhou P, Lu S, Li W, Lei S. Manipulating hot carrier cooling in silicon phononic crystals opens new application opportunities. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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14
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Huang S, Peng Z, Rui S, Zhang R, Wen RT, Cheng X, Guo L. Design and fabrication of diffraction grating with optimized efficiency for transient grating spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:125112. [PMID: 36586916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) based on diffraction gratings is a powerful optical method for studying the transport of energy carriers such as phonons and electrons. The diffraction grating in a TGS system is a key component to form a large-area interference pattern, i.e., transient grating, and to study the mean free path distribution of energy carriers. In this work, a design method for polarization-insensitive diffraction gratings with periods in the range 2-50 µm for TGS by a combination of rigorous coupled wave analysis and genetic algorithm was discussed. The method was tested for pump/probe wavelength of 515/532 or 1030/808 nm. Each ±1st diffraction order carries 35%-40% of the incident energy and the diffraction efficiencies of the other orders are lower than 10%. The optimized diffraction gratings were fabricated by a combination of photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching, with the processing parameters introduced in detail, and their optical characteristics were evaluated. Finally, as a demonstration, the diffraction gratings for 1030/808 nm were applied to TGS to study the thermal transport properties of Ge. This work provides a useful guide for future applications and the development of TGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Rui
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510725, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Tao Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang S, Xiao Y, Chen Q, Hao Q. Engineering thermal transport within Si thin films: The impact of nanoslot alignment and ion implantation. iScience 2022; 25:105386. [PMID: 36345333 PMCID: PMC9636053 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanoporous Si films have been intensively studied for their potential applications in thermoelectrics and the thermal management of devices. To minimize the thermal conductivity, ultrafine nanoporous patterns are required but the smallest structure size is largely limited by the spatial resolution of the employed nanofabrication techniques. Along this line, an effectively smaller characteristic length of a nanoporous film can be achieved with offset nanoslot patterns. Compared with periodic circular pores, the nanoslot pattern can achieve an even lower thermal conductivity, where a much smaller porosity is required using ultra-narrow nanoslots. The obtained low thermal conductivity can be understood from the thermally dead volume revealed by phonon Monte Carlo simulations. To further minimize the contribution from short-wavelength phonons, an additional 25% thermal conductivity reduction can be achieved with Ga ions implanted using a focused ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Qiyu Chen
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Qing Hao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
- Corresponding author
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16
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Bah TM, Didenko S, Zhou D, Zhu T, Ikzibane H, Monfray S, Skotnicki T, Dubois E, Robillard JF. A CMOS compatible thermoelectric device made of crystalline silicon membranes with nanopores. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:505403. [PMID: 36027727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of nanostructured crystalline silicon as a thermoelectric material and its integration into thermoelectric devices. The proof-of-concept relies on the partial suppression of lattice thermal conduction by introducing pores with dimensions scaling between the electron mean free path and the phonon mean free path. In other words, we artificially aimed at the well-known 'electron crystal and phonon glass' trade-off targeted in thermoelectricity. The devices were fabricated using CMOS-compatible processes and exhibited power generation up to 5.5 mW cm-2under a temperature difference of 280 K. These numbers demonstrate the capability to power autonomous devices with environmental heat sources using silicon chips of centimeter square dimensions. We also report the possibility of using the developed devices for integrated thermoelectric cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno-Moussa Bah
- STMicroelectronics-850 rue jean Monnet F-38920 Crolles, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stanislav Didenko
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Di Zhou
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hafsa Ikzibane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Thomas Skotnicki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, ul. Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emmanuel Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Robillard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
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17
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Knobloch JL, McBennett B, Bevis CS, Yazdi S, Frazer TD, Adak A, Nelson EE, Hernández-Charpak JN, Cheng HY, Grede AJ, Mahale P, Nova NN, Giebink NC, Mallouk TE, Badding JV, Kapteyn HC, Abad B, Murnane MM. Structural and Elastic Properties of Empty-Pore Metalattices Extracted via Nondestructive Coherent Extreme UV Scatterometry and Electron Tomography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41316-41327. [PMID: 36054507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor metalattices consisting of a linked network of three-dimensional nanostructures with periodicities on a length scale <100 nm can enable tailored functional properties due to their complex nanostructuring. For example, by controlling both the porosity and pore size, thermal transport in these phononic metalattices can be tuned, making them promising candidates for efficient thermoelectrics or thermal rectifiers. Thus, the ability to characterize the porosity, and other physical properties, of metalattices is critical but challenging, due to their nanoscale structure and thickness. To date, only metalattices with high porosities, close to the close-packing fraction of hard spheres, have been studied experimentally. Here, we characterize the porosity, thickness, and elastic properties of a low-porosity, empty-pore silicon metalattice film (∼500 nm thickness) with periodic spherical pores (∼tens of nanometers), for the first time. We use laser-driven nanoscale surface acoustic waves probed by extreme ultraviolet scatterometry to nondestructively measure the acoustic dispersion in these thin silicon metalattice layers. By comparing the data to finite element models of the metalattice sample, we can extract Young's modulus and porosity. Moreover, by controlling the acoustic wave penetration depth, we can also determine the metalattice layer thickness and verify the substrate properties. Additionally, we utilize electron tomography images of the metalattice to verify the geometry and validate the porosity extracted from scatterometry. These advanced characterization techniques are critical for informed and iterative fabrication of energy-efficient devices based on nanostructured metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Knobloch
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brendan McBennett
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles S Bevis
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute and the Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Travis D Frazer
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Amitava Adak
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Emma E Nelson
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jorge N Hernández-Charpak
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hiu Y Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex J Grede
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pratibha Mahale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nabila Nabi Nova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Noel C Giebink
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- KMLabs Incorporated, 4775 Walnut Street, Building 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Begoña Abad
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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18
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Vera-Londono L, Ruiz-Clavijo A, Pérez-Taborda JA, Martín-González M. Nanoscale heat transport analysis by scanning thermal microscopy: from calibration to high-resolution measurements. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3194-3211. [PMID: 36132820 PMCID: PMC9419519 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a powerful technique for thermal characterization. However, one of the most challenging aspects of thermal characterization is obtaining quantitative information on thermal conductivity with nanoscale lateral resolution. We used this technique with the cross-point calibration method to obtain the thermal contact resistance, R c, and thermal exchange radius, b, using thermo-resistive Pd/Si3N4 probes. The cross-point curves correlate the dependence of R c and b with the sample's thermal conductivity. We implemented a 3ω-SThM method in which reference samples with known thermal conductivity were used in the calibration and validation process to guarantee optimal working conditions. We achieved values of R c = 0.94 × 106 ± 0.02 K W-1 and b = 2.41 × 10-7 ± 0.02 m for samples with a low thermal conductivity (between 0.19 and 1.48 W m-1 K-1). These results show a large improvement in spatial resolution over previously reported data for the Wollaston probes (where b ∼ 2.8 μm). Furthermore, the contact resistance with the Pd/Si3N4 is ∼20× larger than reported for a Wollaston wire probe (with 0.45 × 105 K W-1). These thermal parameters were used to determine the unknown thermal conductivity of thermoelectric films of Ag2Se, Ag2-x Se, Cu2Se (smooth vs. rough surface), and Bi2Te3, obtaining, in units of W m-1 K-1, the values of 0.63 ± 0.07, 0.69 ± 0.15, 0.79 ± 0.03, 0.82 ± 0.04, and 0.93 ± 0.12, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these microfabricated probes have been calibrated using the cross-point method to perform quantitative thermal analysis with nanoscale resolution. Moreover, this work shows high-resolution thermal images of the V 1ω and V 3ω signals, which can offer relevant information on the material's heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Vera-Londono
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8 Tres Cantos E-28760 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandra Ruiz-Clavijo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8 Tres Cantos E-28760 Madrid Spain
| | - Jaime Andrés Pérez-Taborda
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8 Tres Cantos E-28760 Madrid Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede De La Paz, Escuela de Pregrados-Dirección Académica - Vicerrectoría, Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR) Km 9 vía Valledupar La Paz La Paz 202010 Colombia
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8 Tres Cantos E-28760 Madrid Spain
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19
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Shimamoto Y, Matsushima Y, Hasegawa T, Kousaka Y, Proskurin I, Kishine J, Ovchinnikov AS, Goncalves FJT, Togawa Y. Observation of Collective Resonance Modes in a Chiral Spin Soliton Lattice with Tunable Magnon Dispersion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:247203. [PMID: 35776483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A chiral spin soliton lattice (CSL), one of the representative systems of a magnetic superstructure, exhibits reconfigurability in periodicity over a macroscopic length scale. Such coherent and tunable characteristics of the CSL lead to an emergence of elementary excitation of the CSL as phononlike modes due to translational symmetry breaking and bring a controllability of the dispersion relation of the CSL phonon. Using a broadband microwave spectroscopy technique, we directly found that higher-order magnetic resonance modes appear in the CSL phase of a chiral helimagnet CrNb_{3}S_{6}, which is ascribed to the CSL phonon response. The resonance frequency of the CSL phonon can be tuned between 16 and 40 GHz in the vicinity of the critical field, where the CSL period alters rapidly. The frequency range of the CSL phonon is expected to extend over 100 GHz as extrapolated on the basis of the theoretical model. The present results indicate that chiral helimagnets could work as materials useful for broadband signal processing in the millimeter-wave band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimamoto
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Y Matsushima
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - T Hasegawa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Y Kousaka
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - I Proskurin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - J Kishine
- Division of Natural and Environmental Sciences, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - A S Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia
| | - F J T Goncalves
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y Togawa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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20
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Shimasaki Y, Matsuno T, Guo Q, Shimojima A, Wada H, Mori T, Kuroda K. Preparation of mesoporous nitrogen-doped titania comprising large crystallites with low thermal conductivity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2509-2520. [PMID: 36134133 PMCID: PMC9417602 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the thermal conductivity (κ) of mesoporous N-doped titania (TiO2) is crucial for the development of TiO2-based materials that exhibit excellent electronic, photochemical, and thermoelectric properties. Mesopores can contribute to the reduction of κ via phonon scattering, and the scattering effect due to the randomness of crystal interfaces should be significantly reduced to clarify the role of mesopores in reducing thermal conductivity. Highly ordered mesoporous N-doped TiO2 comprising large crystallites was prepared with silica colloidal crystals as a template into which a Ti source was introduced, followed by calcination with urea. N-doped samples comprising large crystallites exhibiting random mesopores were also prepared and used for the investigation of the effects of the shape and arrangement of the mesopore on phonon scattering. The mesostructures of the two separately prepared N-doped TiO2 samples were retained after sintering at 873 K and 80 MPa to fabricate pellets. Furthermore, the effective suppression of the long mean-free-path phonon conduction by the thin pore walls at a nanometer scale thickness significantly reduced the thermal conductivities of both samples. The presence of ordered mesopores further contributed to the reduction of κ, which was probably due to the enhanced contribution of the backscattering of phonons caused by ordered pore wall surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shimasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takamichi Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Quansheng Guo
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
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21
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Singh D, Ahuja R. Dimensionality effects in high‐performance thermoelectric materials: Computational and experimental progress in energy harvesting applications. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab India
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22
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Bugallo D, Langenberg E, Carbó-Argibay E, Varela Dominguez N, Fumega AO, Pardo V, Lucas I, Morellón L, Rivadulla F. Tuning Coherent-Phonon Heat Transport in LaCoO 3/SrTiO 3 Superlattices. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11878-11885. [PMID: 34875171 PMCID: PMC8686111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accessing the regime of coherent phonon propagation in nanostructures opens enormous possibilities to control the thermal conductivity in energy harvesting devices, phononic circuits, etc. In this paper we show that coherent phonons contribute substantially to the thermal conductivity of LaCoO3/SrTiO3 oxide superlattices, up to room temperature. We show that their contribution can be tuned through small variations of the superlattice periodicity, without changing the total superlattice thickness. Using this strategy, we tuned the thermal conductivity by 20% at room temperature. We also discuss the role of interface mixing and epitaxial relaxation as an extrinsic, material dependent key parameter for understanding the thermal conductivity of oxide superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bugallo
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química-Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - E. Langenberg
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Carbó-Argibay
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Noa Varela Dominguez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química-Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. O. Fumega
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - V. Pardo
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Lucas
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Morellón
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F. Rivadulla
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química-Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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23
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Hori T. Structural optimization of silicon thin film for thermoelectric materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22648. [PMID: 34811398 PMCID: PMC8608789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The method to optimize nanostructures of silicon thin films as thermoelectric materials is developed. The simulated annealing method is utilized for predicting the optimized structure. The mean free path and thermal conductivity of thin films, which are the objective function of optimization, is evaluated by using phonon transport simulations and lattice dynamics calculations. In small systems composed of square lattices, the simulated annealing method successfully predicts optimized structure corroborated by an exhaustive search. This fact indicates that the simulated annealing method is an effective tool for optimizing nanostructured thin films as thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hori
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Directional thermal channeling: A phenomenon triggered by tight packing of heat sources. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109056118. [PMID: 34580227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109056118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding nanoscale thermal transport is critical for nano-engineered devices such as quantum sensors, thermoelectrics, and nanoelectronics. However, despite overwhelming experimental evidence for nondiffusive heat dissipation from nanoscale heat sources, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. In this work, we show that for nanoscale heat source spacings that are below the mean free path of the dominant phonons in a substrate, close packing of the heat sources increases in-plane scattering and enhances cross-plane thermal conduction. This leads to directional channeling of thermal transport-a novel phenomenon. By using advanced atomic-level simulations to accurately access the lattice temperature and the phonon scattering and transport properties, we finally explain the counterintuitive experimental observations of enhanced cooling for close-packed heat sources. This represents a distinct fundamental behavior in materials science with far-reaching implications for electronics and future quantum devices.
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25
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Jin Y, Pennec Y, Bonello B, Honarvar H, Dobrzynski L, Djafari-Rouhani B, Hussein MI. Physics of surface vibrational resonances: pillared phononic crystals, metamaterials, and metasurfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:086502. [PMID: 33434894 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abdab8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of engineered resonance phenomena on surfaces has opened a new frontier in surface science and technology. Pillared phononic crystals, metamaterials, and metasurfaces are an emerging class of artificial structured media, featuring surfaces that consist of pillars-or branching substructures-standing on a plate or a substrate. A pillared phononic crystal exhibits Bragg band gaps, while a pillared metamaterial may feature both Bragg band gaps and local resonance hybridization band gaps. These two band-gap phenomena, along with other unique wave dispersion characteristics, have been exploited for a variety of applications spanning a range of length scales and covering multiple disciplines in applied physics and engineering, particularly in elastodynamics and acoustics. The intrinsic placement of pillars on a semi-infinite surface-yielding a metasurface-has similarly provided new avenues for the control and manipulation of wave propagation. Classical waves are admitted in pillared media, including Lamb waves in plates and Rayleigh and Love waves along the surfaces of substrates, ranging in frequency from hertz to several gigahertz. With the presence of the pillars, these waves couple with surface resonances richly creating new phenomena and properties in the subwavelength regime and in some applications at higher frequencies as well. At the nanoscale, it was shown that atomic-scale resonances-stemming from nanopillars-alter the fundamental nature of conductive thermal transport by reducing the group velocities and generating mode localizations across the entire spectrum of the constituent material well into the terahertz regime. In this article, we first overview the history and development of pillared materials, then provide a detailed synopsis of a selection of key research topics that involve the utilization of pillars or similar branching substructures in different contexts. Finally, we conclude by providing a short summary and some perspectives on the state of the field and its promise for further future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Jin
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Pennec
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bernard Bonello
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hossein Honarvar
- Ann and H. J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States of America
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Leonard Dobrzynski
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bahram Djafari-Rouhani
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Mahmoud I Hussein
- Ann and H. J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States of America
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26
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Beaucage PA, van Dover RB, DiSalvo FJ, Gruner SM, Wiesner U. Superconducting Quantum Metamaterials from Convergence of Soft and Hard Condensed Matter Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006975. [PMID: 33998066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting quantum metamaterials are expected to exhibit a variety of novel properties, but have been a major challenge to prepare as a result of the lack of appropriate synthetic routes to high-quality materials. Here, the discovery of synthesis routes to block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly-directed niobium nitrides and carbonitrides is described. The resulting materials exhibit unusual structure retention even at temperatures as high as 1000 °C and resulting critical temperature, Tc , values comparable to their bulk analogues. Applying the concepts of soft matter self-assembly, it is demonstrated that a series of four different BCP-directed mesostructured superconductors are accessible from a single triblock terpolymer. Resulting materials display a mesostructure-dependent Tc without substantial variation of the XRD-measured lattice parameters. Finally, field-dependent magnetization measurements of a sample with double-gyroid morphology show abrupt jumps comparable in overall behavior to flux avalanches. Results suggest a fruitful convergence of soft and hard condensed matter science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Beaucage
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - R Bruce van Dover
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Sol M Gruner
- Physics Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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27
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El Sachat A, Alzina F, Sotomayor Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Heat Transport Control and Thermal Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 33450930 PMCID: PMC7828386 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat dissipation and thermal management are central challenges in various areas of science and technology and are critical issues for the majority of nanoelectronic devices. In this review, we focus on experimental advances in thermal characterization and phonon engineering that have drastically increased the understanding of heat transport and demonstrated efficient ways to control heat propagation in nanomaterials. We summarize the latest device-relevant methodologies of phonon engineering in semiconductor nanostructures and 2D materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Then, we review recent advances in thermal characterization techniques, and discuss their main challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros El Sachat
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Francesc Alzina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
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28
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Ding X, Dai R, Chen H, Shan Z. Gelatin as green adhesive for the preparation of a multifunctional biobased cryogel derived from bamboo industrial waste. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117340. [PMID: 33436183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effective utilization of bamboo industrial waste to produce value-added products is an important subject. In this paper, a multifunctional biobased cryogel derived from bamboo industrial waste was successfully developed. Bamboo fibres were first extracted from bamboo industrial waste and then dispersed in the gelatin solution to produce bamboo fibres/gelatin cryogels (BFs/G cryogels) by a freeze-drying process. The hydrophobicities of BFs/G cryogels were further improved by modification with methyltrichlorosilane. The prepared BFs/G cryogels possessed low density (23.9-29.5 mg/cm3), high porosity (90.41-95.85%), low thermal conductivity (0.031‒0.047 W/m·K) and excellent sound-insulating performance. The presence of rigid bamboo fibres improved the mechanical performance of the BFs/G cryogel. Furthermore, the BFs/G cryogels exhibited high oil absorption capacities of 23-66 times that of their dry weights. The successful development of this cryogel provides a path for the efficient utilization of bamboo industrial waste as a renewable biomass resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihua Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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29
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Zhu T, Olson DH, Hopkins PE, Zebarjadi M. Heat diffusion imaging: In-plane thermal conductivity measurement of thin films in a broad temperature range. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:113701. [PMID: 33261427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work combines the principles of the heat spreader method and the imaging capability of the thermoreflectance measurements to measure the in-plane thermal conductivity of thin films without the requirement of film suspension or multiple thermometer deposition. We refer to this hybrid technique as heat diffusion imaging. The thermoreflectance imaging system provides a temperature distribution map across the film surface. The in-plane thermal conductivity can be extracted from the temperature decay profile. By coupling the system with a cryostat, we were able to conduct measurements from 40 K to 400 K. Silicon thin film samples with and without periodic holes were measured and compared with in-plane time-domain thermoreflectance measurements and literature data as validation for heat diffusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Mona Zebarjadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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30
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Ultralight and robust aerogels based on nanochitin towards water-resistant thermal insulators. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Das P, Bathula S, Gollapudi S. Evaluating the effect of grain size distribution on thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abb43f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of grain size (d) on the thermal conductivity (k) of thermoelectric (TE) materials has been well established through experimental studies. However, the effect of grain size distribution, described by S
n
, on k has not been reported before. Since thermal conductivity is a key contributor to the figure of merit (ZT) for thermoelectric materials, studying the effect of grain size distribution, an important microstructural descriptor, on k is necessary. In the current study we are evaluating the effect of S
n
on the k of thermoelectric materials by using data reported in literature on bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and lead telluride (PbTe). We first check for correlations between k and d. In literature, mathematical correlations between lattice thermal conductivity (k
l
) and d have already been reported but the same is missing for electronic thermal conductivity (k
e
) and d. By analysing literature data for bismuth telluride and lead telluride at 300 K, we identified a linear correlation between k
e
and d, wherein an increase in d leads to an increase in k
e
. This dependence of k
e
on d was combined with the dependence of k
l
on d to establish the overall dependence of k on d. Subsequently, the grain size distribution effect was imposed by using a log normal distribution. The analysis revealed that for a given grain size, an increase in S
n
leads to lowering of the thermal conductivity of the material. The analysis was also extended to bimodal grain size distributions wherein the microstructure was designed in a way to contain a mixture of both nanocrystalline and microcrystalline grains.
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32
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Tambo N, Liao Y, Zhou C, Ashley EM, Takahashi K, Nealey PF, Naito Y, Shiomi J. Ultimate suppression of thermal transport in amorphous silicon nitride by phononic nanostructure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabc0075. [PMID: 32978150 PMCID: PMC7518865 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the thermal conductivity of amorphous materials is highly essential for the thermal management of future electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate the impact of ultrafine nanostructuring on the thermal conductivity reduction of amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si3N4) thin films, in which the thermal transport is inherently impeded by the atomic disorders. Ultrafine nanostructuring with feature sizes below 20 nm allows us to fully suppress contribution of the propagating vibrational modes (propagons), leaving only the diffusive vibrational modes (diffusons) to contribute to thermal transport in a-Si3N4 A combination of the phonon-gas kinetics model and the Allen-Feldmann theory reproduced the measured results without any fitting parameters. The thermal conductivity reduction was explained as extremely strong diffusive boundary scattering of both propagons and diffusons. These findings give rise to substantial tunability of thermal conductivity of amorphous materials, which enables us to provide better thermal solutions in microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tambo
- Technology Division, Panasonic Corporation, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chun Zhou
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Naito
- Technology Division, Panasonic Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Thermoelectric Module. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, thermoelectric (TE) technology has been emerging as a promising alternative and environmentally friendly technology for power generators or cooling devices due to the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. However, although TE technology has been found for a long time and applied in many professional fields, its low energy conversion efficiency and high cost also hinder its wide application. Thus, it is still urgent to improve the thermoelectric modules. This work comprehensively reviews the status of strategies and approaches for enhancing the performance of thermoelectrics, including material development, structure and geometry improvement, the optimization of a thermal management system, and the thermal structure design. In particular, the influence of contact thermal resistance and the improved optimization methods are discussed. This work covers many fields related to the enhancement of thermoelectrics. It is found that the main challenge of TE technology remains the improvement of materials’ properties, the decrease in costs and commercialization. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be carried out to overcome this challenge and further improve the performance of TE modules. Finally, the future research direction of TE technology is discussed. These discussions provide some practical guidance for the improvement of thermoelectric performance and the promotion of thermoelectric applications.
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34
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Su L, Wang H, Niu M, Dai S, Cai Z, Yang B, Huyan H, Pan X. Anisotropic and hierarchical SiC@SiO 2 nanowire aerogel with exceptional stiffness and stability for thermal superinsulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6689. [PMID: 32637589 PMCID: PMC7314525 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic aerogels are promising lightweight and high-efficient thermal insulators for applications in buildings, industry, and aerospace vehicles but are usually limited by their brittleness and structural collapse at high temperatures. In recent years, fabricating nanostructure-based ultralight materials has been proved to be an effective way to realize the resilience of ceramic aerogels. However, the randomly distributed macroscale pores in these architectures usually lead to low stiffness and reduced thermal insulation performance. Here, to overcome these obstacles, a SiC@SiO2 nanowire aerogel with a nanowire-assembled anisotropic and hierarchical microstructure was prepared by using directional freeze casting and subsequent heat treatment. The aerogel exhibits an ultralow thermal conductivity of ~14 mW/m·K, an exceptional high stiffness (a specific modulus of ~24.7 kN·m/kg), and excellent thermal and chemical stabilities even under heating at 1200°C by a butane blow torch, which makes it an ideal thermally superinsulating material for applications under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Min Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zhixin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Biguo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Huaixun Huyan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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35
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Chen X, Tang Z, Gao H, Chen S, Wang G. Phase Change Materials for Electro-Thermal Conversion and Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Engineering Design. iScience 2020; 23:101208. [PMID: 32531748 PMCID: PMC7289750 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced functional electro-thermal conversion phase change materials (PCMs) can efficiently manage the energy conversion from electrical energy to thermal energy, thereby playing a significant role in sustainable energy utilization. Considering the inherent insulating properties of pristine PCMs, electrically conductive supporting materials are widely used to encapsulate PCMs to prepare composite PCMs for electro-thermal conversion and storage. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances in different electro-thermal conversion PCMs, mainly including carbon-based PCMs (carbon nanotubes [CNTs], graphene, biomass-derived carbon, graphite, highly graphitized carbon, and metal organic frameworks [MOFs]-derived carbon) and MXene-based PCMs. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the electrothermal conversion mechanism and the relationships between structure design (random and array-oriented structure or single and hybrid supporting materials) and electrothermal properties, thereby contributing profound theoretical and experimental bases for the construction of high-performance electro-thermal conversion PCMs. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Zhaodi Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyi Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ge Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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36
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Wang J, Chen J. Suppressed-to-enhanced thermal transport in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam superlattice: Mediation roles of solitons and phonons. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:042207. [PMID: 32422702 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Managing thermal transport in nanostructured materials possesses both theoretical and application value in thermoelectric and microelectronics design. Though a suppressed thermal conductivity could be easily achieved through disorder-induced phonon scattering in a superlattice, it is challenging to enhance thermal transport in a periodically designed lattice. In this paper, we show the possibility of mediating thermal conductivity from a suppressed to an enhanced value in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam β superlattice with periodic cells of arithmetically increased nonlinearity. When the cell length is increased, thermal conductivity in the superlattice crosses over a suppressed region into an enhanced one and it is even higher than in a homogeneous lattice with the same nonlinearity strength. The mediation originates from the long-lived nonlinear wave packets as solitons across the disorder-induced interface between cells of the superlattice, while at the same time the normal vibrational modes as phonons are suppressed. Our result shows a promising strategy to manipulate thermal transport over a wide range in a superlattice with strong nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Wang
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jige Chen
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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37
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Chen W, Talreja D, Eichfeld D, Mahale P, Nova NN, Cheng HY, Russell JL, Yu SY, Poilvert N, Mahan G, Mohney SE, Crespi VH, Mallouk TE, Badding JV, Foley B, Gopalan V, Dabo I. Achieving Minimal Heat Conductivity by Ballistic Confinement in Phononic Metalattices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4235-4243. [PMID: 32223186 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the thermal conductivity of semiconductors is of practical interest in optimizing the performance of thermoelectric and phononic devices. The insertion of inclusions of nanometer size in a semiconductor is an effective means of achieving such control; it has been proposed that the thermal conductivity of silicon could be reduced to 1 W/m/K using this approach and that a minimum in the heat conductivity would be reached for some optimal size of the inclusions. Yet the experimental verification of this design rule has been limited. In this work, we address this question by studying the thermal properties of silicon metalattices that consist of a periodic distribution of spherical inclusions with radii from 7 to 30 nm, embedded into silicon. Experimental measurements confirm that the thermal conductivity of silicon metalattices is as low as 1 W/m/K for silica inclusions and that this value can be further reduced to 0.16 W/m/K for silicon metalattices with empty pores. A detailed model of ballistic phonon transport suggests that this thermal conductivity is close to the lowest achievable by tuning the radius and spacing of the periodic inhomogeneities. This study is a significant step in elucidating the scaling laws that dictate ballistic heat transport at the nanoscale in silicon and other semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Disha Talreja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Devon Eichfeld
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pratibha Mahale
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nabila Nabi Nova
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hiu Y Cheng
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jennifer L Russell
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shih-Ying Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicolas Poilvert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gerald Mahan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Suzanne E Mohney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Brian Foley
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ismaila Dabo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Lee JS, Choi KW, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Realization of Nanolene: A Planar Array of Perfectly Aligned, Air-Suspended Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906845. [PMID: 32072747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air suspension and alignment are fundamental requirements to make the best use of nanowires' unique properties; however, satisfying both requirements is very challenging due to the mechanical instability of air-suspended nanowires. Here, a perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire array called "nanolene" is demonstrated, which has a high mechanical stability owing to a C-channel-shaped cross-section of the nanowires. The excellent mechanical stability is provided through geometrical modeling and finite element method simulations. The C-channel cross-section can be realized by top-down fabrication procedures, resulting in reliable demonstrations of the nanolenes with various materials and geometric parameters. The fabrication process provides large-area uniformity; therefore, nanolene can be considered as a 2D planar platform for 1D nanowire arrays. Thanks to the high mechanical stability of the proposed nanolene, perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire arrays with an unprecedented length of 1 mm (aspect ratio ≈5100) are demonstrated. Since the nanolene can be used in an energy-efficient nanoheater, two energy-stringent sensors, namely, an air-flow sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor, are demonstrated. In particular, the gas sensor achieves sub-10 mW operations, which is a requirement for application in mobile phones. The proposed nanolene will pave the way to accelerate nanowire research and industrialization by providing reliable, high-performance nanowire devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Shin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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39
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Li D, Gong Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Khan Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Xie H. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 34138247 PMCID: PMC7770719 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators have attracted a wide research interest owing to their ability to directly convert heat into electrical power. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties of traditional inorganic and organic materials have been significantly improved over the past few decades. Among these compounds, layered two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, IVA-VIA compounds, and MXenes, have generated a large research attention as a group of potentially high-performance thermoelectric materials. Due to their unique electronic, mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties, thermoelectric devices based on such materials can be applied in a variety of applications. Herein, a comprehensive review on the development of 2D materials for thermoelectric applications, as well as theoretical simulations and experimental preparation, is presented. In addition, nanodevice and new applications of 2D thermoelectric materials are also introduced. At last, current challenges are discussed and several prospects in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Youning Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qasim Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Xie
- Shenzhen Clean Energy Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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40
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Zhan H, Shi QQ, Wu G, Wang JN. A carbon nanotube approach for efficient thermally insulating material with high mechanical stability and fire-retardancy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21772-21780. [PMID: 35516623 PMCID: PMC9054524 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For applications in energy-saving buildings, aerospace industry, and wearable electronic devices, thermally insulating materials (TIMs) are required to possess not only low thermal conductivity but also light weight, mechanical robustness, and environmental stability. However, conventional TIMs can rarely meet these requirements. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a new strategy for preparing TIMs. This is based on the design of a highly porous structure from carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNT structure is constructed by continuous winding of a hollow cylindrical CNT assembly from a high-temperature furnace and subsequent modification by the deposition of amorphous carbon (AC). The resultant sponge-like material is shown to have a record-low density of 2–4 mg cm−3 and a record-low thermal conductivity of 10–14 mW m−1 K−1. Combined with this thermal property, the sponge material also possesses fire-retardancy during burning, mechanical robustness after repeated loading and unloading to a high strain of 90%, and environmental stability from 535 to −196 °C. Such a combination of physical and mechanical properties results from the strengthening of the porous structure by virtue of AC deposition on CNT surfaces and junctions. The high performance of the new TIM constitutes the foundation for it to be used in wide areas, especially under the harsh conditions requiring multifunctionality. Highly mechanically stable and fire-retardant thermally insulating materials (TIMs) are prepared from a cylindrical carbon nanotube (CNT) assembly.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qiang Qiang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Guang Wu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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41
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Qin Y, Peng Q, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Lin Z, He X, Li Y. Lightweight, mechanically flexible and thermally superinsulating rGO/polyimide nanocomposite foam with an anisotropic microstructure. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4895-4903. [PMID: 36133118 PMCID: PMC9417714 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report that lightweight, anisotropic, mechanically flexible, and high performance thermally insulating materials are fabricated by the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) and polyimide (PI). With an appropriate ratio between GO and PI building blocks, the rGO/PI thermally insulating material exhibits hierarchically aligned microstructures with high porosity. These microstructures endow the rGO/PI nanocomposite with low mass density and super-insulating property (extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.012 W m-1 K-1 in the radial direction). Meanwhile, the introduction of PI enhances the mechanical strength and thermal stability of rGO foam. Our rGO/PI nanocomposites as super-insulating foams with a low thermal conductivity are highly attractive for potential thermal insulation applications in aerospace, wearable devices, and energy-efficient buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Qin
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology Changshu 215500 P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Peng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd Corp Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zaishan Lin
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd Corp Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yibin Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd Corp Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
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42
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Moon H, Bang J, Hong S, Kim G, Roh JW, Kim J, Lee W. Strong Thermopower Enhancement and Tunable Power Factor via Semimetal to Semiconductor Transition in a Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13317-13324. [PMID: 31613598 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic band engineering is a promising approach to enhance the thermopower of thermoelectric materials. In transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), this has so far only been achieved using their inherent semiconducting nature. Here, we report the thickness-modulated band engineering of nanosheets based on semimetallic platinum diselenide (PtSe2) resulting in a thermopower enhancement of more than 50 times than that of the bulk. We obtained this by introducing a semimetal to semiconductor (SMSC) transition resulting in the formation of a bandgap. This approach based on semimetallic TMDCs provides potential advantages such as a large variation of transport properties, a decrease of the ambipolar transport effect, and a high carrier density dependence of the transport properties. Our observations suggest that the SMSC transition in TMDCs is a promising and straightforward strategy for the development of two-dimensional nanostructured thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjae Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Bang
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seokkyoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwansik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Roh
- School of Nano and Materials Science and Engineering , Kyungpook National University , Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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Kothari K, Malhotra A, Maldovan M. Cross-plane heat conduction in III-V semiconductor superlattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:345301. [PMID: 31082804 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management is a crucial component in analyzing the performance of III-V semiconductor superlattice-based optoelectronic devices. Here we provide a rigorous physical analysis of cross-plane thermal conduction in GaAs/AlAs and their alloy-based superlattices while rigorously accounting for phonon interlayer coupling and interfacial structural characteristics. We present a comprehensive study of superlattice thermal transport, including structure-property relations, spectral and modal descriptions, and contrast it with in-plane heat conduction thereby explaining the resultant anisotropy in III-V semiconductor superlattices. Our results provide key physical insights into rational material design for thermal modulation in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Kothari
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Dash TP, Mohapatra E, Jena J, Das S, Dey S, Maiti CK. Nanosized Metal-Grain-Granularity Induced Characteristics Fluctuation in Gate-All-Around Si-Nanowire Transistors at 1nm Technology Node. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x20400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Hu S, Zhang Z, Jiang P, Ren W, Yu C, Shiomi J, Chen J. Disorder limits the coherent phonon transport in two-dimensional phononic crystal structures. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11839-11846. [PMID: 31184669 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02548k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing efforts are being made to control thermal transport via coherent phonons in periodic phononic structures; however, the direct observation of coherent phonon transport is experimentally very difficult at ambient temperature, and the importance of coherent phonons to the total thermal conductivity has not been critically assessed to date. In this study, using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we studied coherent phonon transport in a C3N phononic crystal (CNPnC) structure at room temperature by changing the porosity. When the holes were randomly distributed to construct the disordered C3N (D-C3N) structure, the localization of the coherent phonons was revealed by the phonon transmission coefficient, phonon wave packet simulation, phonon participation ratio and spatial energy density, which led to a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity. Finally, the effects of the length, temperature and strain on the thermal conductivity of CNPnC and D-C3N have also been discussed. Our study provides a solid understanding of the coherent phonon transport behavior, which will be beneficial for phononic-related control based on coherent phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Hu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Wan X, Feng W, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Deng C, Yang N. Materials Discovery and Properties Prediction in Thermal Transport via Materials Informatics: A Mini Review. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3387-3395. [PMID: 31090428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing demand for materials with functional thermal properties, but traditional experiments and simulations are high-cost and time-consuming. The emerging discipline, materials informatics, is an effective approach that can accelerate materials development by combining material science and big data techniques. Recently, materials informatics has been successfully applied to designing thermal materials, such as thermal interface materials for heat-dissipation, thermoelectric materials for power generation, and so forth. This Mini Review summarizes the research progress associated with studies regarding the prediction and discovery of materials with desirable thermal transport properties by using materials informatics. On the basis of the review of past research, perspectives are discussed and future directions for studying functional thermal materials by materials informatics are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Nakamura Y, Ishibe T, Taniguchi T, Terada T, Hosoda R, Sakane S. Semiconductor Nanostructure Design for Thermoelectric Property Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x19400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present the methodologies for developing high-performance thermoelectric materials using nanostructured interfaces by reviewing our three studies and giving the new aspect of nanostructuring results. (1) Connected Si nanocrystals exhibited ultrasmall thermal conductivity. The drastic thermal conductivity reduction was brought by phonon confinement and phonon scattering. Here, we present discussion about the new aspect for phonon transport: not only nanocrystal size but also shape can contribute to thermal conductivity reduction. (2) Si films including Ge nanocrystals demonstrated that phonon and carrier conductions were independently controlled in the films, where carriers were easily transported through the interfaces between Si and Ge, while phonons could be effectively scattered at the interfaces. (3) Embedded-ZnO nanowire structure demonstrated the simultaneous realization of power factor increase and thermal conductivity reduction. The [Formula: see text] increase was caused by the interface-dominated carrier transport. The nanowire interfaces also worked as phonon scatterers, resulting in the thermal conductivity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - T. Ishibe
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - T. Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - T. Terada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - R. Hosoda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Sh. Sakane
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, 560-8531 Toyonaka, Japan
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Andersen TI, Smith TB, Principi A. Enhanced Photoenergy Harvesting and Extreme Thomson Effect in Hydrodynamic Electronic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:166802. [PMID: 31075009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.166802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric (TE) properties of a material are dramatically altered when electron-electron interactions become the dominant scattering mechanism. In the degenerate hydrodynamic regime, the thermal conductivity is reduced and becomes a decreasing function of the electronic temperature, due to a violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law. We here show how this peculiar temperature dependence gives rise to new striking TE phenomena. These include an 80-fold increase in TE efficiency compared to the Wiedemann-Franz regime, dramatic qualitative changes in the steady state temperature profile, and an anomalously large Thomson effect. In graphene, which we pay special attention to here, these effects are further amplified due to a doubling of the thermopower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond I Andersen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Thomas B Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Principi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Yang J, Li D. Thermal transport through fishbone silicon nanoribbons: unraveling the role of Sharvin resistance. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8196-8203. [PMID: 30990504 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01855g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat conduction has been shown to be greatly suppressed in Si nanomeshes, which has attracted extensive attention for potential thermoelectric applications, yet the precise suppression mechanism remains to be fully understood. Attempting to further disclose the underlying mechanisms, we report on the thermal conductivity of the building block for nanomeshes, i.e., Si nanoribbons with fins attached to the two opposite sides. By expanding only the fin width while keeping both the period length and the backbone size constant, we observed an unexpected non-monotonic trend of the effective thermal conductivity normalized with the backbone cross-section. Further analysis showed that the corrected thermal conductivity extracted with appropriate consideration of the geometrical effect on diffusion followed a monotonically decreasing trend, reaching a maximum thermal conductivity reduction of 18% at 300 K for a ribbon with the maximum explored fin width of 430 nm, as compared to that of the straight ribbon of 66 nm backbone width. We attribute the thermal conductivity reduction to the thermal constriction resistance induced by the cross-section reduction between the fin and backbone sections. For ribbons with a larger fin width, the effective phonon mean free path is longer for phonons arriving at the constriction, which boosts the ballistic constriction resistance, i.e., Sharvin resistance, and leads to a lower thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Abstract
The field of thermoelectric research has undergone a renaissance and boom in the past two and a half decades, largely fueled by the prospect of engineering electronic and phononic properties in nanostructures, among which semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have served both as an important platform to investigate fundamental thermoelectric transport phenomena and as a promising route for high thermoelectric performance for diverse applications. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive look at various aspects of thermoelectrics of NWs. We start with a brief introduction of basic thermoelectric phenomena, followed by synthetic methods for thermoelectric NWs and a summary of their thermoelectric figures of merit (ZT). We then focus our discussion on charge and heat transport, which dictate thermoelectric power factor and thermal conductivity, respectively. For charge transport, we cover the basic principles governing the power factor and then review several strategies using NWs to enhance it, including earlier theoretical and experimental work on quantum confinement effects and semimetal-to-semiconductor transition, surface engineering and complex heterostructures to enhance the carrier mobility and power factor, and the recent emergence of topological insulator NWs. For phonon transport, we broadly categorize the work on thermal conductivity of NWs into five different effects: classic size effect, acoustic softening, surface roughness, complex NW morphology, and dimensional crossover. Finally, we discuss the integration of NWs for device applications for thermoelectric power generation and cooling. We conclude our review with some outlooks for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The University of California-Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Woochul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235-1592 , United States
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