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Zhao T, Wan H, Zhang T, Xiao X. Mechanism of the Terahertz Wave-MXene Interaction and Surface/Interface Chemistry of MXene for Terahertz Absorption and Shielding. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2184-2193. [PMID: 39058688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusOver the past two decades, terahertz (THz) technology has undergone rapid development, driven by advancements and the growing demand for THz applications across various scientific and technological domains. As the cornerstone of THz technology, strong THz-matter interactions, especially realized as high THz intrinsic absorption in nanometer-thick materials, play a highly important role in various applications including but not limited to THz absorption/shielding, detection, etc. The rigorous electromagnetic theory has posited a maximum intrinsic absorption of 50% for electromagnetic waves by thin films, and the succinct impedance matching condition has also been formulated to guide the design of highly intrinsically absorbing materials. However, these theories face challenges when applied to the THz spectrum with an ultrabroad bandwidth. Existing thin films typically achieve a maximum intrinsic absorption within a narrow frequency range, significantly limiting the performance of THz absorbers and detectors. To date, both theoretical frameworks and experimental solutions are lacking in overcoming the challenge of achieving broadband maximum intrinsic absorption in the THz regime.In this Account, we describe how two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbide and/or nitride (MXene) films with nanometer thickness can realize the maximum intrinsic absorption in the ultrabroad THz band, which successfully addresses the forementioned longstanding issue. Surprisingly, traditional DC impedance matching theory fails to explain this phenomenon, while we instead propose a novel theory of AC impedance matching to provide a satisfactory explanation. By delving into the microscopic transport behavior of free electrons in MXene, we discover that intraflake transport dominates terahertz conductivity under THz wave excitation, while interflake transport primarily dictates DC conductivity. This not only elucidates the significant disparities between DC and AC impedance in MXenes but also underscores the suitability of AC impedance matching for achieving broadband THz absorption limits. Furthermore, we identify a high electron concentration and short relaxation time as crucial factors for achieving broadband maximum absorption in the THz regime. Although approaching the THz intrinsic absorbing limits, it still faces hurdles to the use of MXene in practical applications. First, diverse and uncontrollable terminations exist on the surface of MXene stemming from the synthesis process, which largely influence the electron structure and THz absorbing property of MXene. Second, MXene suffers from poor stability in the presence of oxygen and water. To address the above issues, we have undertaken distinctive works to precisely control the terminations and suppress the oxidation of MXene even at high temperature through surface and interface chemistry, such as low-temperature Lewis basic halide treatment and building a Ti3C2Tx/extracted bentonite (EB) interface. For practical application consideration, we proposed a copolymer-polyacrylic latex (PAL)-based MXene waterborne paint (MWP) with a strong intermolecular polar interaction between MWP and the substrate provided by the cyano group in PAL. This not only has strong THz EMI shielding/absorption efficiency but also can easily adhere to various substrates that are commonly used in the THz band. These studies may have significant implications for future applications of MXene nanofilms in THz optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Hujie Wan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Xu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
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2
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Huang J, You C, Wu B, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Huang N, Zheng Z, Wu T, Kiravittaya S, Mei Y, Huang G. Enhanced photothermoelectric conversion in self-rolled tellurium photodetector with geometry-induced energy localization. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:153. [PMID: 38965220 PMCID: PMC11224300 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodetection has attracted significant attention for information transmission. While the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors, they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active materials. On the other hand, photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors have garnered substantial research interest for their promising capabilities in broadband detection, owing to the self-driven photovoltages induced by the temperature differences. To get higher performances, it is crucial to localize light and heat energies for efficient conversion. However, there is limited research on the energy conversion in PTE detectors at micro/nano scale. In this study, we have achieved a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in photovoltage responsivity in the self-rolled tubular tellurium (Te) photodetector with PTE effect. Under illumination, the tubular device demonstrates a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 252.13 V W-1 and a large detectivity of 1.48 × 1011 Jones. We disclose the mechanism of the PTE conversion in the tubular structure with the assistance of theoretical simulation. In addition, the device exhibits excellent performances in wide-angle and polarization-dependent detection. This work presents an approach to remarkably improve the performance of photodetector by concentrating light and corresponding heat generated, and the proposed self-rolled devices thus hold remarkable promises for next-generation on-chip photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunyu You
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Binmin Wu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ningge Huang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tingqi Wu
- ShanghaiTech Quantum Device Lab, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Suwit Kiravittaya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Liu S, Wang X, Xu N, Li R, Ou H, Li S, Zhu Y, Ke Y, Zhan R, Chen H, Deng S. A Flexible and Wearable Photodetector Enabling Ultra-Broadband Imaging from Ultraviolet to Millimeter-Wave Regimes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401631. [PMID: 38654695 PMCID: PMC11234453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and miniaturized photodetectors, offering a fast response across the ultraviolet (UV) to millimeter (MM) wave spectrum, are crucial for applications like healthcare monitoring and wearable optoelectronics. Despite their potential, developing such photodetectors faces challenges due to the lack of suitable materials and operational mechanisms. Here, the study proposes a flexible photodetector composed of a monolayer graphene connected by two distinct metal electrodes. Through the photothermoelectric effect, these asymmetric electrodes induce electron flow within the graphene channel upon electromagnetic wave illumination, resulting in a compact device with ultra-broadband and rapid photoresponse. The devices, with footprints ranging from 3 × 20 µm2 to 50 × 20 µm2, operate across a spectrum from 325 nm (UV) to 1.19 mm (MM) wave. They demonstrate a responsivity (RV) of up to 396.4 ± 5.1 mV W-1, a noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 8.6 ± 0.1 nW Hz- 0.5, and a response time as small as 0.8 ± 0.1 ms. This device facilitates direct imaging of shielded objects and material differentiation under simulated human body-wearing conditions. The straightforward device architecture, aligned with its ultra-broadband operational frequency range, is anticipated to hold significant implications for the development of miniaturized, wearable, and portable photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Ximiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Runli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Hai Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Shangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Yanlin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Runze Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
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Li Y, Yu W, Zhang K, Cui N, Yun T, Xia X, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Mu H, Lin S. Two-dimensional topological semimetals: an emerging candidate for terahertz detectors and on-chip integration. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2572-2602. [PMID: 38482962 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The importance of terahertz (THz) detection lies in its ability to provide detailed information in a non-destructive manner, making it a valuable tool across various domains including spectroscopy, communication, and security. The ongoing development of THz detectors aims to enhance their sensitivity, resolution and integration into compact and portable devices such as handheld scanners or integrated communication chips. Generally, two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered potential candidates for device miniaturization but detecting THz radiation using 2D semiconductors is generally difficult due to the ultra-small photon energy. However, this challenge is being addressed by the advent of topological semimetals (TSM) with zero-bandgap characteristics. These semimetals offer low-energy excitations in proximity to the Dirac point, which is particularly important for applications requiring a broad detection range. Their distinctive band structures with linear energy-momentum dispersion near the Fermi level also lead to high electron mobility and low effective mass. The presence of topologically protected dissipationless conducting channels and self-powered response provides a basis for low-energy integration. In order to establish paradigms for semimetal-based THz detectors, this review initially offers an analytical summary of THz detection principles. Then, the review demonstrates the distinct design of devices, the excellent performance derived from the topological surface state and unique band structures in TSM. Finally, we outline the prospective avenues for on-chip integration of TSM-based THz detectors. We believe this review can promote further research on the new generation of THz detectors and facilitate advancements in THz imaging, spectroscopy, and communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Yu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science &Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Tinghe Yun
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Xia
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
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5
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Yu X, Ji Y, Shen X, Le X. Progress in Advanced Infrared Optoelectronic Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 38786801 PMCID: PMC11123936 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Infrared optoelectronic sensors have attracted considerable research interest over the past few decades due to their wide-ranging applications in military, healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and human-computer interaction systems. A comprehensive understanding of infrared optoelectronic sensors is of great importance for achieving their future optimization. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in infrared optoelectronic sensors. Firstly, their working mechanisms are elucidated. Then, the key metrics for evaluating an infrared optoelectronic sensor are introduced. Subsequently, an overview of promising materials and nanostructures for high-performance infrared optoelectronic sensors, along with the performances of state-of-the-art devices, is presented. Finally, the challenges facing infrared optoelectronic sensors are posed, and some perspectives for the optimization of infrared optoelectronic sensors are discussed, thereby paving the way for the development of future infrared optoelectronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyun Le
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Zhang X, Sun A, Jiang Z, Liu C, Wang S, Kong Y. Tunable and switchable multifunctional terahertz meta-mirror based on graphene and vanadium dioxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13915-13922. [PMID: 38666431 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
We design a multifunctional THz polarization modulation meta-mirror integrated with polarization conversion and dichroism functions switched by temperature and voltage. The meta-mirror is composed of two-layered graphene metasurfaces and a layer of vanadium dioxide (VO2) on a gold film substrate. Linear-to-linear polarization conversion and linear dichroism (LD) can be switched by temperature control in the VO2 film and Fermi level adjustments in the graphene metasurfaces, where the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is higher than 0.9 in the range of 2.89 THz to 4.02 THz, LD value reached a maximum of 0.6 at 3.84 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion and circular dichroism (CD) can also be tuned with ellipticity higher than 0.9 in the range of 2.32 THz to 2.69 THz and CD value as high as 0.71 at 2.45 THz. The proposed meta-mirror is the first THz metamaterial device integrating four switchable functions, including linear-to-linear polarization conversion, linear-to-circular polarization conversion, linear dichroism and circular dichroism. The meta-mirror is a promising design for compact system integration in THz imaging, sensing and biological detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Aihui Sun
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214105, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Shilov AL, Kashchenko MA, Pantaleón Peralta PA, Wang Y, Kravtsov M, Kudriashov A, Zhan Z, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Slizovskiy S, Novoselov KS, Fal'ko VI, Guinea F, Bandurin DA. High-Mobility Compensated Semimetals, Orbital Magnetization, and Umklapp Scattering in Bilayer Graphene Moiré Superlattices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11769-11777. [PMID: 38648369 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Twist-controlled moiré superlattices (MSs) have emerged as a versatile platform for realizing artificial systems with complex electronic spectra. The combination of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) can give rise to an interesting MS, which has recently featured a set of unexpected behaviors, such as unconventional ferroelectricity and the electronic ratchet effect. Yet, the understanding of the electronic properties of BLG/hBN MS has, at present, remained fairly limited. Here, we combine magneto-transport and low-energy sub-THz excitation to gain insights into the properties of this MS. We demonstrate that the alignment between BLG and hBN crystal lattices results in the emergence of compensated semimetals at some integer fillings of the moiré bands, separated by van Hove singularities where the Lifshitz transition occurs. A particularly pronounced semimetal develops when eight holes reside in the moiré unit cell, where coexisting high-mobility electron and hole systems feature strong magnetoresistance reaching 2350% already at B = 0.25 T. Next, by measuring the THz-driven Nernst effect in remote bands, we observe valley splitting, indicating an orbital magnetization characterized by a strongly enhanced effective gv-factor of 340. Finally, using THz photoresistance measurements, we show that the high-temperature conductivity of the BLG/hBN MS is limited by electron-electron umklapp processes. Our multifaceted analysis introduces THz-driven magnetotransport as a convenient tool to probe the band structure and interaction effects in van der Waals materials and provides a comprehensive understanding of the BLG/hBN MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur L Shilov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Mikhail A Kashchenko
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Center for Neurophysics and Neuromorphic Technologies, Moscow 127495, Russia
| | | | - Yibo Wang
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Mikhail Kravtsov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Andrei Kudriashov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhen Zhan
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Faraday 9, Madrid 28015, Spain
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sergey Slizovskiy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Vladimir I Fal'ko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Francisco Guinea
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Faraday 9, Madrid 28015, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Denis A Bandurin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Li M, Guan W, Liu C, Xing F, Zheng Y, Di Y, Cao G, Wei S, Wang Y, Yang G, Yu L, Gan Z. Room-Temperature High-Performance Photodetector and Phototransistor Based on PdSe 2/ZnIn 2S 4 Alloy Heterojunctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309499. [PMID: 38624172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Various semiconductor devices have been developed based on 2D heterojunction materials owing to their distinctive optoelectronic properties. However, to achieve efficient charge transfer at their interface remains a major challenge. Herein, an alloy heterojunction concept is proposed. The sulfur vacancies in ZnIn2S4 are filled with selenium atoms of PdSe2. This chemically bonded heterojunction can significantly enhance the separation of photocarriers, providing notable advantages in the field of photoelectric conversion. As a demonstration, a two-terminal photodetector based on the PdSe2/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction materials is fabricated. The photodetector exhibits stable operation in ambient conditions, showcasing superior performance in terms of large photocurrent, high responsivity (48.8 mA W-1) and detectivity (1.98 × 1011 Jones). To further validate the excellent optoelectronic performance of the heterojunction, a tri-terminal phototransistor is also fabricated. Benefiting from gate voltage modulation, the photocurrent is amplified to milliampere level, and the responsivity is increased to 229.14 mA W-1. These findings collectively demonstrate the significant potential of the chemically bonded PdSe2/ZnIn2S4 alloy heterojunction for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Cihui Liu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangjian Xing
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Dalian University of Technology Corporation of Changshu Research Institution, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yunsong Di
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guiyuan Cao
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shibiao Wei
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Dalian University of Technology Corporation of Changshu Research Institution, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
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9
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Wang T, Yu X. Helicity-Sensitive Terahertz Detection in Monolayer 1T'-WTe 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38619870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Valleytronics, identified as electronic properties of the energy band extrema in momentum space, has been intensively revived following the emergence of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as their valley information can be controlled and probed through the spin angular momentum of light. Previous optical investigations of valleytronics have been limited to the visible/near-infrared spectral regime through which the carriers of most TMDCs can be excited. Monolayer 1T'-WTe2 with broken time-reversal symmetry provides a fertile platform to study the long-wavelength photonic properties in different valleys. Here, we employed a circularly polarized terahertz (THz) laser to selectively excite the valley of monolayer 1T'-WTe2 and demonstrate that the helicity-dependent photoresponse is generated via the photogalvanic effect (PGE). We also observed that the photocurrent is controlled by circular polarization and the external electric field. Because of the tunable Berry curvature dipole derived from the nontrivial wave functions near the inverted gap edge in monolayer WTe2, the bandgap can be tuned efficiently. Our results provide a versatile venue for controlling, detecting, and processing valleytronics and applications in on-chip THz imaging and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Li G, Chen C, Liu Z, Sun Q, Liang L, Du C, Chen G. Distinguishing thermoelectric and photoelectric modes enables intelligent real-time detection of indoor electrical safety hazards. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1679-1688. [PMID: 38305351 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of electronic devices, intelligent sensors have attracted much interest for the detecting and providing alarms with respect to indoor electrical safety. Nonetheless, how to effectively identify various indoor electrical safety hazards remains a challenge. In this study, we fabricated single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (SWCNT/P3HT) composites with exceptional bifunctional thermoelectric and photoelectric responses. Through synergy of the thermo-/photoelectric effects, the composites yielded greatly enhanced output voltages compared with the use of thermoelectric effects alone. Interestingly, modes of heat transfer can be effectively distinguished using the nominal Seebeck coefficients. Based on the remarkable output voltages and deviations in the nominal Seebeck coefficients, we developed indoor intelligent sensors capable of effectively identifying and monitoring diverse indoor electrical conditions, including electrical overheating, fire, and air conditioning flow. This pioneering investigation proposes a novel avenue for designing intelligent sensors that can recognize heat transfer modes and hence effectively monitor indoor electrical safety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zijian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lirong Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chunyu Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Si W, Zhou W, Liu X, Wang K, Liao Y, Yan F, Ji X. Recent Advances in Broadband Photodetectors from Infrared to Terahertz. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:427. [PMID: 38675239 PMCID: PMC11051910 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The growing need for the multiband photodetection of a single scene has promoted the development of both multispectral coupling and broadband detection technologies. Photodetectors operating across the infrared (IR) to terahertz (THz) regions have many applications such as in optical communications, sensing imaging, material identification, and biomedical detection. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in broadband photodetectors operating in the infrared to terahertz range, highlighting their classification, operating principles, and performance characteristics. We discuss the challenges faced in achieving broadband detection and summarize various strategies employed to extend the spectral response of photodetectors. Lastly, we conclude by outlining future research directions in the field of broadband photodetection, including the utilization of novel materials, artificial microstructure, and integration schemes to overcome current limitations. These innovative methodologies have the potential to achieve high-performance, ultra-broadband photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangze Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiming Liao
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Huang X, Qin Y, Guo T, Liu J, Hu Z, Shang J, Li H, Deng G, Wu S, Chen Y, Lin T, Shen H, Ge J, Meng X, Wang X, Chu J, Wang J. Long-Range Hot-Carrier Transport in Topologically Connected HgTe Quantum Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307396. [PMID: 38225755 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of hot carriers as a means to surpass the Shockley-Queasier limit represents a promising strategy for advancing highly efficient photovoltaic devices. Quantum dots, owing to their discrete energy states and limited multi-phonon cooling process, are regarded as one of the most promising materials. However, in practical implementations, the presence of numerous defects and discontinuities in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films significantly curtails the transport distance of hot carriers. In this study, the harnessing of excess energies from hot-carriers is successfully demonstrated and a world-record carrier diffusion length of 15 µm is observed for the first time in colloidal systems, surpassing existing hot-carrier materials by more than tenfold. The observed phenomenon is attributed to the specifically designed honeycomb-like topological structures in a HgTe CQD superlattice, with its long-range periodicity confirmed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy(HR-TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction(SAED) patterns, and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). In such a superlattice, nonlocal hot carrier transport is supported by three unique physical properties: the wavelength-independent responsivity, linear output characteristics and microsecond fast photoresponse. These findings underscore the potential of HgTe CQD superlattices as a feasible approach for efficient hot carrier collection, thereby paving the way for practical applications in highly sensitive photodetection and solar energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Tianle Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zhourui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106, China
| | - Jiale Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongfu Li
- Kunming Institute of Physics, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Gongrong Deng
- Kunming Institute of Physics, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Shuaiqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai, Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai, Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai, Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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13
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Guo X, Lu X, Jiang P, Bao X. Touchless Thermosensation Enabled by Flexible Infrared Photothermoelectric Detector for Temperature Prewarning Function of Electronic Skin. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313911. [PMID: 38424290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Artificial skin, endowed with the capability to perceive thermal stimuli without physical contact, will bring innovative interactive experiences into smart robotics and augmented reality. The implementation of touchless thermosensation, responding to both hot and cold stimuli, relies on the construction of a flexible infrared detector operating in the long-wavelength infrared range to capture the spontaneous thermal radiation. This imposes rigorous requirements on the photodetection performance and mechanical flexibility of the detector. Herein, a flexible and wearable infrared detector is presented, on basis of the photothermoelectric coupling of the tellurium-based thermoelectric multilayer film and the infrared-absorbing polyimide substrate. By suppressing the optical reflection loss and aligning the destructive interference position with the absorption peak of polyimide, the fabricated thermopile detector exhibits high sensitivity to the thermal radiation over a broad source temperature range from -50 to 110 °C, even capable of resolving 0.05 °C temperature change. Spatially resolved radiation distribution sensing is also achieved by constructing an integrated thermopile array. Furthermore, an established temperature prewarning system is demonstrated for soft robotic gripper, enabling the identification of noxious thermal stimuli in a contactless manner. A feasible strategy is offered here to integrate the infrared detection technique into the sensory modality of electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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14
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Regensburger S, Ludwig F, Winnerl S, Klopf JM, Lu H, Roskos HG, Preu S. Mapping the slow and fast photoresponse of field-effect transistors to terahertz and infrared radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8447-8458. [PMID: 38439500 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors are capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation from less than 100 GHz up to very high frequencies reaching well into the infrared spectral range. Here, we report on frequency coverage of up to 30THz, thus reaching the technologically important frequency regime of CO2 lasers, using GaAs/AlGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors. A detailed study of the speed and polarization dependence of the responsivity allows us to identify a cross over of the dominant detection mechanism from ultrafast non-quasistatic rectification at low Terahertz frequencies to slow rectification based on a combination of the Seebeck and bolometric effects at high frequencies, occurring at about the boundary between the Terahertz frequency range and the infrared at 10THz.
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15
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Jiang H, Fu J, Wei J, Li S, Nie C, Sun F, Wu QYS, Liu M, Dong Z, Wei X, Gao W, Qiu CW. Synergistic-potential engineering enables high-efficiency graphene photodetectors for near- to mid-infrared light. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1225. [PMID: 38336952 PMCID: PMC10858052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High quantum efficiency and wide-band detection capability are the major thrusts of infrared sensing technology. However, bulk materials with high efficiency have consistently encountered challenges in integration and operational complexity. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) semimetal materials with unique zero-bandgap structures are constrained by the bottleneck of intrinsic quantum efficiency. Here, we report a near-mid infrared ultra-miniaturized graphene photodetector with configurable 2D potential well. The 2D potential well constructed by dielectric structures can spatially (laterally and vertically) produce a strong trapping force on the photogenerated carriers in graphene and inhibit their recombination, thereby improving the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photogain of the device with wavelength-immunity, which enable a high responsivity of 0.2 A/W-38 A/W across a broad infrared detection band from 1.55 to 11 µm. Thereafter, a room-temperature detectivity approaching 1 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W-1 is obtained under blackbody radiation. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of electric and light field in the 2D potential well enables high-efficiency polarization-sensitive detection at tunable wavelengths. Our strategy opens up alternative possibilities for easy fabrication, high-performance and multifunctional infrared photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jintao Fu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxuan Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaojuan Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changbin Nie
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Feiying Sun
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Yang Steve Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingxiu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xingzhan Wei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
| | - Weibo Gao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Zhang Y, Meng Y, Wang L, Lan C, Quan Q, Wang W, Lai Z, Wang W, Li Y, Yin D, Li D, Xie P, Chen D, Yang Z, Yip S, Lu Y, Wong CY, Ho JC. Pulse irradiation synthesis of metal chalcogenides on flexible substrates for enhanced photothermoelectric performance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:728. [PMID: 38272917 PMCID: PMC10810900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High synthesis temperatures and specific growth substrates are typically required to obtain crystalline or oriented inorganic functional thin films, posing a significant challenge for their utilization in large-scale, low-cost (opto-)electronic applications on conventional flexible substrates. Here, we explore a pulse irradiation synthesis (PIS) to prepare thermoelectric metal chalcogenide (e.g., Bi2Se3, SnSe2, and Bi2Te3) films on multiple polymeric substrates. The self-propagating combustion process enables PIS to achieve a synthesis temperature as low as 150 °C, with an ultrafast reaction completed within one second. Beyond the photothermoelectric (PTE) property, the thermal coupling between polymeric substrates and bismuth selenide films is also examined to enhance the PTE performance, resulting in a responsivity of 71.9 V/W and a response time of less than 50 ms at 1550 nm, surpassing most of its counterparts. This PIS platform offers a promising route for realizing flexible PTE or thermoelectric devices in an energy-, time-, and cost-efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - You Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxun Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yezhan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Dengji Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Pengshan Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - SenPo Yip
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816 8580, Japan
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China.
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China.
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816 8580, Japan.
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17
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Ding Z, Su W, Luo Y, Ye L, Li W, Zhou Y, Zou J, Tang B, Yao H. Metasurface inverse designed by deep learning for quasi-entire terahertz wave absorption. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1384-1393. [PMID: 38164990 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-broadband and efficient terahertz (THz) absorption is of paramount importance for the development of high-performance detectors. These detectors find applications in next-generation wireless communications, military radar systems, security detection, medical imaging, and various other domains. In this study, we present an ultra-wideband THz wave metasurface absorber (UTWMA) featuring a composite surface microstructure and a multilayer absorbing material (graphene). This UTWMA demonstrates remarkable capabilities by achieving highly efficient absorption levels, reaching 96.33%, within the 0.5-10 THz frequency range. To enhance the efficiency and precision of the design process, we have incorporated artificial neural networks, which enable rapid and accurate parameter selection. Moreover, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the absorption mechanism exhibited by the UTWMA at different frequencies. This analysis combines insights from the electric field distribution and effective medium theory. The findings presented in this paper are expected to catalyze further research in the domain of broadband THz technology, particularly in the context of metasurfaces and related fields. Additionally, this work paves the way for the development of compact, supercontinuous THz photovoltaic or photothermal electrical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ding
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wei Su
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yinlong Luo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Lipengan Ye
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Jianfei Zou
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Bin Tang
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hongbing Yao
- College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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18
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Dong Y, Dong S, Yu C, Liu J, Gai S, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Qin X, Feng L, Yang P, Zhao Y. Mitochondria-targeting Cu 3VS 4 nanostructure with high copper ionic mobility for photothermoelectric therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9980. [PMID: 37910608 PMCID: PMC10619935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric therapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for oncology, but it is still limited by the low thermoelectric catalytic efficiency at human body temperature and the inevitable tumor thermotolerance. We present a photothermoelectric therapy (PTET) strategy based on triphenylphosphine-functionalized Cu3VS4 nanoparticles (CVS NPs) with high copper ionic mobility at room temperature. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, CVS NPs not only generate hyperthermia to ablate tumor cells but also catalytically yield superoxide radicals and induce endogenous NADH oxidation through the Seebeck effect. Notably, CVS NPs can accumulate inside mitochondria and deplete NADH, reducing ATP synthesis by competitively inhibiting the function of complex I, thereby down-regulating the expression of heat shock proteins to relieve tumor thermotolerance. Both in vitro and in vivo results show notable tumor suppression efficacy, indicating that the concept of integrating PTET and mitochondrial metabolism modulation is highly feasible and offers a translational promise for realizing precise and efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiran Qin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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19
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Zhong Z, Wu Q, Ling F, Zhang B. Method for designing ultra-wideband absorbers based on water-filled Fabry-Perot cavity with continuously varying cavity length. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5591-5594. [PMID: 37910710 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Broadband and efficient terahertz (THz) absorbers are crucial for various applications in sensing, imaging, detecting, and modulation. Although recent studies have reported a series of THz metamaterials for enhanced absorption, achieving high absorption across the entire ultrabroad terahertz band remains challenging. We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method to design ultra-wideband terahertz absorbers using a water-filled Fabry-Perot cavity with continuously varying cavity length. Our design achieves over 90% absorption across an ultrabroad terahertz band ranging from 0.26 to 30 THz. Furthermore, the design method can be extended to the visible, infrared, and microwave regimes. We believe that our method will inspire further studies and applications of ultra-wideband absorbers.
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20
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Xie B, Ji Z, Wu J, Zhang R, Jin Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Liu Z, Cai X. Probing the Inelastic Electron Tunneling via the Photocurrent in a Vertical Graphene van der Waals Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18352-18358. [PMID: 37695240 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic electron tunneling (IET), accompanied by energy transfer between the tunneling charge carriers and other elementary excitations, is widely used to investigate the collective modes and quasiparticles in solid-state materials. In general, the inelastic contribution to the tunneling current is small compared to the elastic part and is therefore only prominent in the second derivative of the tunneling current with respect to the bias voltage. Here we demonstrate a direct observation of the IET by measuring the photoresponse in a graphene-based vertical tunnel junction device. Characteristic peaks/valleys are observed in the bias-voltage-dependent tunneling photocurrent at low temperatures, which barely shift with the gate voltage applied to graphene and diminish gradually as the temperature increases. By comparing with the second-order differential conductance spectra, we establish that these features are associated with the phonon-assisted IET. A simple model based on the photoexcited hot-carrier tunneling in graphene qualitatively explains the response. Our study points to a promising means of probing the low-energy elementary excitations utilizing the graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmin Jin
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-00044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-00044, Japan
| | - Zhao Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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21
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Shi J, Xu H, Heide C, HuangFu C, Xia C, de Quesada F, Shen H, Zhang T, Yu L, Johnson A, Liu F, Shi E, Jiao L, Heinz T, Ghimire S, Li J, Kong J, Guo Y, Lindenberg AM. Giant room-temperature nonlinearities in a monolayer Janus topological semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4953. [PMID: 37587120 PMCID: PMC10432555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical materials possess wide applications, ranging from terahertz and mid-infrared detection to energy harvesting. Recently, the correlations between nonlinear optical responses and certain topological properties, such as the Berry curvature and the quantum metric tensor, have attracted considerable interest. Here, we report giant room-temperature nonlinearities in non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional topological materials-the Janus transition metal dichalcogenides in the 1 T' phase, synthesized by an advanced atomic-layer substitution method. High harmonic generation, terahertz emission spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation measurements consistently show orders-of-the-magnitude enhancement in terahertz-frequency nonlinearities in 1 T' MoSSe (e.g., > 50 times higher than 2H MoS2 for 18th order harmonic generation; > 20 times higher than 2H MoS2 for terahertz emission). We link this giant nonlinear optical response to topological band mixing and strong inversion symmetry breaking due to the Janus structure. Our work defines general protocols for designing materials with large nonlinearities and heralds the applications of topological materials in optoelectronics down to the monolayer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Haowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian Heide
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Changan HuangFu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Felipe de Quesada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hongzhi Shen
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leo Yu
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amalya Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Tony Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shambhu Ghimire
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yunfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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22
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Semkin VA, Shabanov AV, Mylnikov DA, Kashchenko MA, Domaratskiy IK, Zhukov SS, Svintsov DA. Zero-Bias Photodetection in 2D Materials via Geometric Design of Contacts. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37220075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Structural or crystal asymmetry is a necessary condition for the emergence of zero-bias photocurrent in light detectors. Structural asymmetry has been typically achieved via p-n doping, which is a technologically complex process. Here, we propose an alternative approach to achieve zero-bias photocurrent in two-dimensional (2D) material flakes exploiting the geometrical nonequivalence of source and drain contacts. As a prototypical example, we equip a square-shaped flake of PdSe2 with mutually orthogonal metal leads. Upon uniform illumination with linearly polarized light, the device demonstrates nonzero photocurrent which flips its sign upon 90° polarization rotation. The origin of zero-bias photocurrent lies in a polarization-dependent lightning-rod effect. It enhances the electromagnetic field at one contact from the orthogonal pair and selectively activates the internal photoeffect at the respective metal-PdSe2 Schottky junction. The proposed technology of contact engineering is independent of a particular light-detection mechanism and can be extended to arbitrary 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Semkin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V Shabanov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Mylnikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Kashchenko
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Ivan K Domaratskiy
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Sergey S Zhukov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Svintsov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
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23
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Huang W, Folland TG, Sun F, Zheng Z, Xu N, Xing Q, Jiang J, Chen H, Caldwell JD, Yan H, Deng S. In-plane hyperbolic polariton tuners in terahertz and long-wave infrared regimes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2716. [PMID: 37169788 PMCID: PMC10175486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main bottlenecks in the development of terahertz (THz) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) technologies is the limited intrinsic response of traditional materials. Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) of van der Waals semiconductors couple strongly with THz and LWIR radiation. However, the mismatch of photon - polariton momentum makes far-field excitation of HPhPs challenging. Here, we propose an In-Plane Hyperbolic Polariton Tuner that is based on patterning van der Waals semiconductors, here α-MoO3, into ribbon arrays. We demonstrate that such tuners respond directly to far-field excitation and give rise to LWIR and THz resonances with high quality factors up to 300, which are strongly dependent on in-plane hyperbolic polariton of the patterned α-MoO3. We further show that with this tuner, intensity regulation of reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves, as well as their wavelength and polarization selection can be achieved. Our results can help the development of THz and LWIR miniaturized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
| | - Fengsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zebo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- The Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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24
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Titova E, Mylnikov D, Kashchenko M, Safonov I, Zhukov S, Dzhikirba K, Novoselov KS, Bandurin DA, Alymov G, Svintsov D. Ultralow-noise Terahertz Detection by p-n Junctions in Gapped Bilayer Graphene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8223-8232. [PMID: 37094175 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene shows strong promise for the detection of terahertz (THz) radiation due to its high carrier mobility, compatibility with on-chip waveguides and transistors, and small heat capacitance. At the same time, weak reaction of graphene's physical properties on the detected radiation can be traced down to the absence of a band gap. Here, we study the effect of electrically induced band gap on THz detection in graphene bilayer with split-gate p-n junction. We show that gap induction leads to a simultaneous increase in current and voltage responsivities. At operating temperatures of ∼25 K, the responsivity at a 20 meV band gap is from 3 to 20 times larger than that in the gapless state. The maximum voltage responsivity of our devices at 0.13 THz illumination exceeds 50 kV/W, while the noise equivalent power falls down to 36 fW/Hz1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Titova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry Mylnikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Kashchenko
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Ilya Safonov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Sergey Zhukov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill Dzhikirba
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Denis A Bandurin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Georgy Alymov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Svintsov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
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25
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Hong L, Wang L, Cai M, Yao Y, Guo X, Zhu Y. Sensitive Room-Temperature Graphene Photothermoelectric Terahertz Detector Based on Asymmetric Antenna Coupling Structure. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3249. [PMID: 36991960 PMCID: PMC10058478 DOI: 10.3390/s23063249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive room-temperature graphene photothermoelectric terahertz detector, with an efficient optical coupling structure of asymmetric logarithmic antenna, was fabricated by planar micro-nano processing technology and two-dimensional material transfer techniques. The designed logarithmic antenna acts as an optical coupling structure to effectively localize the incident terahertz waves at the source end, thus forming a temperature gradient in the device channel and inducing the thermoelectric terahertz response. At zero bias, the device has a high photoresponsivity of 1.54 A/W, a noise equivalent power of 19.8 pW/Hz1/2, and a response time of 900 ns at 105 GHz. Through qualitative analysis of the response mechanism of graphene PTE devices, we find that the electrode-induced doping of graphene channel near the metal-graphene contacts play a key role in the terahertz PTE response. This work provides an effective way to realize high sensitivity terahertz detectors at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lanxia Wang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuguang Guo
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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26
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Elbanna A, Jiang H, Fu Q, Zhu JF, Liu Y, Zhao M, Liu D, Lai S, Chua XW, Pan J, Shen ZX, Wu L, Liu Z, Qiu CW, Teng J. 2D Material Infrared Photonics and Plasmonics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4134-4179. [PMID: 36821785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest over the past years for their many intriguing properties and phenomena, underlying physics, and great potential for applications. The vast library of 2D materials and their heterostructures provides a diverse range of electrical, photonic, mechanical, and chemical properties with boundless opportunities for photonics and plasmonic devices. The infrared (IR) regime, with wavelengths across 0.78 μm to 1000 μm, has particular technological significance in industrial, military, commercial, and medical settings while facing challenges especially in the limit of materials. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the varied approaches taken to leverage the properties of the 2D materials for IR applications in photodetection and sensing, light emission and modulation, surface plasmon and phonon polaritons, non-linear optics, and Smith-Purcell radiation, among others. The strategies examined include the growth and processing of 2D materials, the use of various 2D materials like semiconductors, semimetals, Weyl-semimetals and 2D heterostructures or mixed-dimensional hybrid structures, and the engineering of light-matter interactions through nanophotonics, metasurfaces, and 2D polaritons. Finally, we give an outlook on the challenges in realizing high-performance and ambient-stable devices and the prospects for future research and large-scale commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbanna
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qundong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Juan-Feng Zhu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongjue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Samuel Lai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jisheng Pan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Energy Research Institute@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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27
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Zhou P, Lu S, Li W, Lei S. Manipulating hot carrier cooling in silicon phononic crystals opens new application opportunities. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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28
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Wang J, Xie Z, Lu G, Liu JA, Yeow JTW. An infrared photothermoelectric detector enabled by MXene and PEDOT:PSS composite for noncontact fingertip tracking. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 36860334 PMCID: PMC9968636 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors functioning on the infrared spectrum show much potential for use in many fields, such as energy harvesting, nondestructive monitoring, and imaging fields. Recent advances in low-dimensional and semiconductor materials research have facilitated new opportunities for PTE detectors to be applied in material and structural design. However, these materials applied in PTE detectors face some challenges, such as unstable properties, high infrared reflection, and miniaturization issues. Herein, we report our fabrication of scalable bias-free PTE detectors based on Ti3C2 and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites and characterization of their composite morphology and broadband photoresponse. We also discuss various PTE engineering strategies, including substrate choices, electrode types, deposition methods, and vacuum conditions. Furthermore, we simulate metamaterials using different materials and hole sizes and fabricated a gold metamaterial with a bottom-up configuration by simultaneously combining MXene and polymer, which achieved an infrared photoresponse enhancement. Finally, we demonstrate a fingertip gesture response using the metamaterial-integrated PTE detector. This research proposes numerous implications of MXene and its related composites for wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as the continuous biomedical tracking of human health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhemiao Xie
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Guanxuan Lu
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jiayu Alexander Liu
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - John T. W. Yeow
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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Su H, Zheng Z, Yu Z, Feng S, Lan H, Wang S, Zhang M, Li L, Liang H. Optically Controlling Broadband Terahertz Modulator Based on Layer-Dependent PtSe 2 Nanofilms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:795. [PMID: 36903672 PMCID: PMC10005757 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an optically controlling broadband terahertz modulator of a layer-dependent PtSe2 nanofilm based on a high-resistance silicon substrate. Through optical pump and terahertz probe system, the results show that compared with 6-, 10-, and 20-layer films, a 3-layer PtSe2 nanofilm has better surface photoconductivity in the terahertz band and has a higher plasma frequency ωp of 0.23 THz and a lower scattering time τs of 70 fs by Drude-Smith fitting. By the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, the broadband amplitude modulation of a 3-layer PtSe2 film in the range of 0.1-1.6 THz was obtained, and the modulation depth reached 50.9% at a pump density of 2.5 W/cm2. This work proves that PtSe2 nanofilm devices are suitable for terahertz modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zesong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huiting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shixing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huawei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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30
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Wang J, Xie Z, Liu JA, Zhou R, Lu G, Yeow JTW. System design of large-area vertical photothermoelectric detectors based on carbon nanotube forests with MXene electrodes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1133-1140. [PMID: 36798493 PMCID: PMC9926910 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors that combine photothermal and thermoelectric conversion have emerged in recent years. They can overcome bandgap limitations and achieve effective infrared detection. However, the development of PTE detectors and the related system design are in the early phases. Herein, we present vertical PTE detectors utilizing the active layer of carbon nanotube forests with MXenes acting as top electrodes. The detector demonstrates its capacity for sensitive infrared detection and rapid infrared response. We also investigated the relationship between photoresponse and different MXene electrode types as well as their thickness, which guides the PTE detector configuration design. Furthermore, we packed the PTE detectors with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) cavity. The photoresponse is improved and the degradation is significantly delayed. We also applied this PTE detector system for non-destructive tracking (NDT) applications, where the photovoltage mapping pattern proves the viability of the imaging track. This work paves the way toward infrared energy harvesters and customized industrial NDT measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
| | - Zhemiao Xie
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
| | - Jiayu Alexander Liu
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
| | - Rui Zhou
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
| | - Guanxuan Lu
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
| | - John T W Yeow
- Advanced Micro-/Nano- Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada +1-519-888-4567 ext. 32152
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31
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Li K, Kinoshita Y, Sakai D, Kawano Y. Recent Progress in Development of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Photo-Thermoelectric Sensors and Their Applications in Ubiquitous Non-Destructive Inspections. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 36677122 PMCID: PMC9865119 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photo-thermoelectric (PTE) effect in electronic materials effectively combines photo-absorption-induced local heating and associated thermoelectric conversion for uncooled and broadband photo-detection. In particular, this work comprehensively summarizes the operating mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT)-film-based PTE sensors and ubiquitous non-destructive inspections realized by exploiting the material properties of CNT films. Formation of heterogeneous material junctions across the CNT-film-based PTE sensors, namely photo-detection interfaces, triggers the Seebeck effect with photo-absorption-induced local heating. Typical photo-detection interfaces include a channel-electrode boundary and a junction between P-type CNTs and N-type CNTs (PN junctions). While the original CNT film channel exhibits positive Seebeck coefficient values, the material selections of the counterpart freely govern the intensity and polarity of the PTE response signals. Based on these operating mechanisms, CNT film PTE sensors demonstrate a variety of physical and chemical non-destructive inspections. The device aggregates broad multi-spectral optical information regarding the targets and reconstructs their inner composite or layered structures. Arbitrary deformations of the device are attributed to the macroscopic flexibility of the CNT films to further monitor targets from omni-directional viewing angles without blind spots. Detection of blackbody radiation from targets using the device also visualizes their behaviors and associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Li
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuya Kinoshita
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Sakai
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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32
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Li Z, Li Q, Li H, Tian F, Du M, Fang S, Liu R, Zhang L, Liu B. Pressure-Tailored Self-Driven and Broadband Photoresponse in PbI 2. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201044. [PMID: 36351755 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectric devices based on the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect show promising prospects for broadband detection without an external power supply. However, effective strategies are still required to regulate the conversion efficiency of light to heat and electricity. Herein, significantly enhanced photoresponse properties of PbI2 generated from a PTE mechanism via a high-pressure strategy are reported. PbI2 exhibits a stable, fast, self-driven, and broadband photoresponse at ≈980 nm. Intriguingly, the synergy of the photoconductivity and PTE mechanism is conducive to enhancing the photoelectric properties, and extending the detection bandwidth to the optical communication waveband (1650 nm) with an external bias. The dramatically enhanced photoresponse characteristics are attributed to narrowing of the band gap and a significantly decreased resistance, which originate from the enhancement of atomic orbital overlap owing to pressure-induced Pb-I bond contraction. These findings open up a new avenue toward designing self-driven and broadband photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fuyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sixue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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33
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Chen M, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Monolithic Metamaterial-Integrated Graphene Terahertz Photodetector with Wavelength and Polarization Selectivity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17263-17273. [PMID: 36129770 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequency spectra and polarization states of terahertz waves can convey significant information about physical interactions and material properties. Compact and miniaturized on-chip platforms for effective capturing of these quantities are being extensively investigated because of their promising potential for paramount applications of terahertz technology such as in situ sensing and characterization. Here, we present a metamaterial-graphene hybrid device that integrates the functions of photodetection, wavelength, and polarization selectivity into a monolithic architecture. Leveraging the ultrahigh design freedom of metamaterial optical properties and the electronically controllable hot-carrier-assisted photothermoelectric effect in graphene, our detector shows resonantly enhanced photoresponse at two specific target wavelengths with orthogonal polarizations. We demonstrate its versatile capabilities for spectrally selective and polarization resolved imaging on a single-chip platform that is free from advanced optical components. Our strategy is beneficial to the future development of multifunctional, compact, and low-cost terahertz sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Dangerous Articles and Explosives Detection Technologies, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Dangerous Articles and Explosives Detection Technologies, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziran Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Dangerous Articles and Explosives Detection Technologies, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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34
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Zeng D, Zong S, Liu G, Yuan W, Liu X, Liu Z. Dynamically electrical/thermal-tunable perfect absorber for a high-performance terahertz modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39736-39746. [PMID: 36298919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-performance functional perfect absorber in a wide range of terahertz (THz) wave based on a hybrid structure of graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2) resonators. Dynamically electrical and thermal tunable absorption is achieved due to the management on the resonant properties via the external surroundings. Multifunctional manipulations can be further realized within such absorber platform. For instance, a wide-frequency terahertz perfect absorber with the operation frequency range covering from 1.594 THz to 3.272 THz can be realized when the conductivity of VO2 is set to 100000 S/m (metal phase) and the Fermi level of graphene is 0.01 eV. The absorption can be dynamically changed from 0 to 99.98% and in verse by adjusting the conductivity of VO2. The impedance matching theory is introduced to analyze and elucidate the wideband absorption rate. In addition, the absorber can be changed from wideband absorption to dual-band absorption by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene from 0.01 eV to 0.7 eV when the conductivity of VO2 is fixed at 100000 S/m. Besides, the analysis of the chiral characteristics of the helical structure shows that the extinction cross-section has a circular dichroic response under the excitation of two different circularly polarized lights (CPL). Our study proposes approaches to manipulate the wide-band terahertz wave with multiple ways, paving the way for the development of technologies in the fields of switches, modulators, and imaging devices.
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35
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Yan L, Zhu C, Shen W, Hu C, Lei H, Luo H, Zhang D, Liu F, Liu Z, Tong J, Zhou L, Yu P, Yang G. Colossal Room-Temperature Terahertz Topological Response in Type-II Weyl Semimetal NbIrTe 4. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204621. [PMID: 36043902 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic spectrum between microwave and infrared light is termed the "terahertz (THz) gap," of which there is an urgent lack of feasible and efficient room-temperature (RT) THz detectors. Type-II Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have been predicted to host significant RT topological photoresponses in low-frequency regions, especially in the THz gap, well addressing the shortcomings of THz detectors. However, such devices have not been experimentally realized yet. Herein, a type-II WSM (NbIrTe4 ) is selected to fabricate THz detector, which exhibits a photoresponsivity of 5.7 × 104 V W-1 and a one-year air stability at RT. Such excellent THz-detection performance can be attributed to the topological effect of type-II WSM in which the effective mass of photogenerated electrons can be reduced by the large tilting angle of Weyl nodes to further improve mobility and photoresponsivity. Impressively, this device shows a giant intrinsic anisotropic conductance (σmax /σmin = 339) and THz response (Iph-max /Iph-min = 40.9), both of which are record values known. The findings open a new avenue for the realization of uncooled and highly sensitive THz detectors by exploring type-II WSM-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tianning Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Luo Yan
- School of Physics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wanfu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Heng Luo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Daohua Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fucai Liu
- School of Physics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinchao Tong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of Physics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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36
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Guo X, Lu X, Jiang P, Bao X. SrTiO 3 /CuNi-Heterostructure-Based Thermopile for Sensitive Human Radiation Detection and Noncontact Human-Machine Interaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204355. [PMID: 35817476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Noncontact interactive technology provides an intelligent solution to mitigate public health risks from cross-infection in the era of COVID-19. The utilization of human radiation as a stimulus source is conducive to the implementation of low-power, robust noncontact human-machine interaction. However, the low radiation intensity emitted by humans puts forward a high demand for photodetection performance. Here, a SrTiO3-x /CuNi-heterostructure-based thermopile is constructed, which features the combination of high thermoelectric performance and near-unity long-wave infrared absorption, to realize the self-powered detection of human radiation. The response level of this thermopile to human radiation is orders of magnitude higher than those of low-dimensional-materials-based photothermoelectric detectors and even commercial thermopiles. Furthermore, a touchless input device based on the thermopile array is developed, which can recognize hand gestures, numbers, and letters in real-time. This work offers a reliable strategy to integrate the spontaneous human radiation into noncontact human-machine interaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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37
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Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhang S, Lv Y, Mu E, Liu R, Zhang D, Li Z, Li S, Xu K, Hu Z. Recognitions of colored fabrics/laser-patterned metals based on photothermoelectric effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7500. [PMID: 35977027 PMCID: PMC9385138 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Color is the mapping of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths in human vision. The electronic color recognition system currently in use is mainly based on the photoelectric effect. Here, we demonstrate a color materials' recognition system based on photothermoelectric effects. The system uses a microfabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) as a platform, which is covered with dye-colored fabric pieces or structure-colored laser-patterned metal sheets. Under light irradiation, the fabrics/metals selectively absorb light and convert it into heat, which flows through the underlying TEG arrays and then converted into electrical signal output to realize the distinction of color and materials. This previously unidentified high-sensitivity TEG detection method provides a potential approach for precise color materials' detection over wide areas and may help understand the mechanism of bionic color recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanxi Lv
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzhen Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454003, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongshi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuguo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Microelectronics Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Wang L, An N, He X, Zhang X, Zhu A, Yao B, Zhang Y. Dynamic and Active THz Graphene Metamaterial Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122097. [PMID: 35745433 PMCID: PMC9228136 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, terahertz waves have attracted significant attention for their promising applications. Due to a broadband optical response, an ultra-fast relaxation time, a high nonlinear coefficient of graphene, and the flexible and controllable physical characteristics of its meta-structure, graphene metamaterial has been widely explored in interdisciplinary frontier research, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Here, graphene’s linear and nonlinear properties and typical applications of graphene metamaterial are reviewed. Specifically, the discussion focuses on applications in optically and electrically actuated terahertz amplitude, phase, and harmonic generation. The review concludes with a brief examination of potential prospects and trends in graphene metamaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China;
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Xusheng He
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zhu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.H.); (X.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Banerjee AN. Green syntheses of graphene and its applications in internet of things (IoT)-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:322003. [PMID: 35395654 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending technological field that converts any physical object into a communicable smarter one by converging the physical world with the digital world. This innovative technology connects the device to the internet and provides a platform to collect real-time data, cloud storage, and analyze the collected data to trigger smart actions from a remote location via remote notifications, etc. Because of its wide-ranging applications, this technology can be integrated into almost all the industries. Another trending field with tremendous opportunities is Nanotechnology, which provides many benefits in several areas of life, and helps to improve many technological and industrial sectors. So, integration of IoT and Nanotechnology can bring about the very important field of Internet of Nanothings (IoNT), which can re-shape the communication industry. For that, data (collected from trillions of nanosensors, connected to billions of devices) would be the 'ultimate truth', which could be generated from highly efficient nanosensors, fabricated from various novel nanomaterials, one of which is graphene, the so-called 'wonder material' of the 21st century. Therefore, graphene-assisted IoT/IoNT platforms may revolutionize the communication technologies around the globe. In this article, a status review of the smart applications of graphene in the IoT sector is presented. Firstly, various green synthesis of graphene for sustainable development is elucidated, followed by its applications in various nanosensors, detectors, actuators, memory, and nano-communication devices. Also, the future market prospects are discussed to converge various emerging concepts like machine learning, fog/edge computing, artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain, with the graphene-assisted IoT field to bring about the concept of 'all-round connectivity in every sphere possible'.
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40
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Li J, Zou Y, Hu D, Gu Y, Han Z, Liu J, Xu X. Enhanced room-temperature terahertz detection and imaging derived from anti-reflection 2D perovskite layer on MAPbI 3 single crystals. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6109-6117. [PMID: 35388868 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00497f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) detection technology is getting increasing attention from scientists and industries alike due to its superiority in imaging, communication, and defense. Unfortunately, the detection of THz electromagnetic waves under room temperature requires a complicated device architecture design or additional cryogenic cooling units, which increase the cost and complexity of devices, subsequently imposing an impediment in its universal application. In this work, THz detectors operated under room temperature are designed based on the thermoelectric effect with MAPbI3 single crystals (SCs) as active layers. With solution-processed molecular growth engineering, the anti-reflection 2D perovskite layers were constructed on SCs' surfaces to suppress THz reflection loss. Simultaneously, by finely regulating the main carrier types and the direction of the applied bias across the inclined energy level, the thermoelectric effect is further promoted. As a result, THz-induced ΔT in MAPbI3 SCs reaches 4.6 °C, while the enhancement in the bolometric and photothermoelectric effects reach ∼4.8 times and ∼16.9 times, respectively. Finally, the devices achieve responsivity of 88.8 μA W-1 at 0.1 THz under 60 V cm-1, noise equivalent power (NEP) less than 2.16 × 10-9 W Hz-1/2, and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.5 × 108 Jones, which even surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art graphene-based room-temperature THz thermoelectric devices. More importantly, proof-of-concept imaging gives direct evidence of perovskite-based THz sensing in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yousheng Zou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Dawei Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Zeyao Han
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiaobao Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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41
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Maier A, Strauß F, Kohlschreiber P, Schedel C, Braun K, Scheele M. Sub-nanosecond Intrinsic Response Time of PbS Nanocrystal IR-Photodetectors. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2809-2816. [PMID: 35311295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), especially lead sulfide NCs, are promising candidates for solution-processed next-generation photodetectors with high-speed operation frequencies. However, the intrinsic response time of PbS-NC photodetectors, which is the material-specific physical limit, is still elusive, as the reported response times are typically limited by the device geometry. Here, we use the two-pulse coincidence photoresponse technique to identify the intrinsic response time of 1,2-ethanedithiol-functionalized PbS-NC photodetectors after femtosecond-pulsed 1560 nm excitation. We obtain an intrinsic response time of ∼1 ns, indicating an intrinsic bandwidth of ∼0.55 GHz as the material-specific limit. Examination of the dependence on laser power, gating, bias, temperature, channel length, and environmental conditions suggest that Auger recombination, assisted by NC-surface defects, is the dominant mechanism. Accordingly, the intrinsic response time might further be tuned by specifically controlling the ligand coverage and trap states. Thus, PbS-NC photodetectors are feasible for gigahertz optical communication in the third telecommunication window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Maier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Strauß
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Kohlschreiber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Schedel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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42
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Li J, Ma W, Jiang L, Yao N, Deng J, Qiu Q, Shi Y, Zhou W, Huang Z. High Performance of Room-Temperature NbSe 2 Terahertz Photoelectric Detector. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14331-14341. [PMID: 35289598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectric detection is developing rapidly from ultraviolet to infrared band. However, terahertz (THz) photodetection approaches is constrained by the bandgap, dark current, and absorption ability. In this work, room-temperature photoelectric detection is extended to the THz range implemented in a planar metal-NbSe2-metal structure based on an electromagnetic induced well (EIW) theory, exhibiting an excellent broadband responsivity of 5.2 × 107 V W-1 at 0.027 THz, 7.8 × 106 V W-1 at 0.173 THz, and 9.6 × 105 V W-1 at 0.259 THz. Simultaneously, the NbSe2 photoelectric detector (PD) with ultrafast response speed (∼610 ns) and ultralow equivalent noise power (4.6 × 10-14 W Hz-1/2) in the THz region is realized, enabling high-resolution imaging. The figure of merit (FOM) characterizing the detection performance of the device is 2 orders of magnitude superior to that of the reported THz PDs based 2D materials. Furthermore, the THz response speed is 2 orders of magnitude faster than that of the visible due to the different response mechanisms of the device. Our results exhibit promising potential to achieve highly sensitive and ultrafast photoelectric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Niangjuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinxi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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43
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Jiang H, Wei J, Sun F, Nie C, Fu J, Shi H, Sun J, Wei X, Qiu CW. Enhanced Photogating Effect in Graphene Photodetectors via Potential Fluctuation Engineering. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4458-4466. [PMID: 35191301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The photogating effect in hybrid structures has manifested itself as a reliable and promising approach for photodetectors with ultrahigh responsivity. A crucial factor of the photogating effect is the built-in potential at the interface, which controls the separation and harvesting of photogenerated carriers. So far, the primary efforts of designing the built-in potential rely on discovering different materials and developing multilayer structures, which may raise problems in the compatibility with the standard semiconductor production line. Here, we report an enhanced photogating effect in a monolayer graphene photodetector based on a structured substrate, where the built-in potential is established by the mechanism of potential fluctuation engineering. We find that the enhancement factor of device responsivity is related to a newly defined parameter, namely, fluctuation period rate (Pf). Compared to the device without a nanostructured substrate, the responsivity of the device with an optimized Pf is enhanced by 100 times, reaching a responsivity of 240 A/W and a specific detectivity, D*, of 3.4 × 1012 Jones at 1550 nm wavelength and room temperature. Our experimental results are supported by both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Since our demonstration of the graphene photodetectors leverages the engineering of structures with monolayer graphene rather than materials with a multilayer complex structure. it should be universal and applicable to other hybrid photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jingxuan Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Feiying Sun
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Changbin Nie
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haofei Shi
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jiuxun Sun
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xingzhan Wei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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44
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Wang L, Han L, Guo W, Zhang L, Yao C, Chen Z, Chen Y, Guo C, Zhang K, Kuo CN, Lue CS, Politano A, Xing H, Jiang M, Yu X, Chen X, Lu W. Hybrid Dirac semimetal-based photodetector with efficient low-energy photon harvesting. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:53. [PMID: 35273145 PMCID: PMC8913679 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the considerable effort, fast and highly sensitive photodetection is not widely available at the low-photon-energy range (~meV) of the electromagnetic spectrum, owing to the challenging light funneling into small active areas with efficient conversion into an electrical signal. Here, we provide an alternative strategy by efficiently integrating and manipulating at the nanoscale the optoelectronic properties of topological Dirac semimetal PtSe2 and its van der Waals heterostructures. Explicitly, we realize strong plasmonic antenna coupling to semimetal states near the skin-depth regime (λ/104), featuring colossal photoresponse by in-plane symmetry breaking. The observed spontaneous and polarization-sensitive photocurrent are correlated to strong coupling with the nonequilibrium states in PtSe2 Dirac semimetal, yielding efficient light absorption in the photon range below 1.24 meV with responsivity exceeding ∼0.2 A/W and noise-equivalent power (NEP) less than ~38 pW/Hz0.5, as well as superb ambient stability. Present results pave the way to efficient engineering of a topological semimetal for high-speed and low-energy photon harvesting in areas such as biomedical imaging, remote sensing or security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wanlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chenyu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zhiqingzi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- The 50th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Research Center for Intelligent Network, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chia-Nung Kuo
- Department of Physics, Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chin Shan Lue
- Department of Physics, Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Antonio Politano
- INSTM and Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
- CNR-IMM Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII strada 5, I-95121, Catania, Italy.
| | - Huaizhong Xing
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengjie Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Research Center for Intelligent Network, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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45
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Wang F, Lv Y, Xu Y, Cao L, Chen L, Zhang C, Yao S, Xu J, Zhou J, Chen Y. Enhanced photothermoelectric detection in Co:BiCuSeO crystals with tunable Seebeck effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8356-8365. [PMID: 35299578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BiCuSeO is a widely-used thermoelectric material recently proved to be an appealing candidate for broadband photothermoelectric (PTE) detection. Developing a simple and scalable route for advancing PTE properties is therefore essential to explore the full potential of BiCuSeO. Here we systematically demonstrated that Co3+ atomic doping strategies in BiCuSeO single crystals (Co concentration of 1%, 2% and 4%) could modulate the Seebeck coefficient and thus strongly improve the performance of BiCuSeO PTE photodetectors across visible to infrared spectral regions. Benefiting from these strategies, a large enhancement on photovoltage responsivity is achieved and the response time of a 4% Co:BiCuSeO PTE photodetector is one order of magnitude faster than those in most of PTE photodetectors. Also, Co:BiCuSeO PTE photodetectors show good stability with changeless photoresponse after being exposed to air for three months. Therefore, the controllable atomic doping of BiCuSeO with tunable PTE properties as well as fast and broadband photodetection provides the feasibility for facilitating ongoing research toward PTE devices.
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Abstract
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 0.1THz to 10THz has become critical for sixth generation (6G) applications, such as high-speed communication, fingerprint chemical sensing, non-destructive biosensing, and bioimaging. However, the limited response of naturally existing materials THz waves has induced a gap in the electromagnetic spectrum, where a lack of THz functional devices using natural materials has occurred in this gap. Metamaterials, artificially composed structures that can engineer the electromagnetic properties to manipulate the waves, have enabled the development of many THz devices, known as "metadevices". Besides, the tunability of THz metadevices can be achieved by tunable structures using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, as well as tunable materials including phase change materials (PCMs), electro-optical materials (EOMs), and thermo-optical materials (TOMs). Leveraging various tuning mechanisms together with metamaterials, tremendous research works have demonstrated reconfigurable functional THz devices, playing an important role to fill the THz gap toward the 6G applications. This review introduces reconfigurable metadevices from fundamental principles of metamaterial resonant system to the design mechanisms of functional THz metamaterial devices and their related applications. Moreover, we provide perspectives on the future development of THz photonic devices for state-of-the-art applications.
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47
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Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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48
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Dai M, Wang C, Ye M, Zhu S, Han S, Sun F, Chen W, Jin Y, Chua Y, Wang QJ. High-Performance, Polarization-Sensitive, Long-Wave Infrared Photodetection via Photothermoelectric Effect with Asymmetric van der Waals Contacts. ACS NANO 2022; 16:295-305. [PMID: 35014251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetection is important for heat-seeking technologies, such as thermal imaging, all-weather surveillance, and missile guidance. Among various detection techniques, photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors are promising in that they can realize ultra-broadband photodetection at room temperature without an external power supply. However, their performance in terms of speed, responsivity, and noise level in the LWIR regime still needs further improvement. Here, we demonstrated a high-performance PTE photodetector based on low-symmetry palladium selenide (PdSe2) with asymmetric van der Waals contacts. The temperature gradient induced by asymmetric van der Waals contacts even under global illumination drives carrier diffusion to produce a photovoltage via the PTE effect. A responsivity of over 13 V/W, a response time of ∼50 μs, and a noise equivalent power of less than 7 nW/Hz1/2 are obtained in the 4.6-10.5 μm regime at room temperature. Furthermore, due to the anisotropic absorption of PdSe2, the detector exhibits a linear polarization angle sensitive response with an anisotropy ratio of 2.06 at 4.6 μm and 1.21 at 10.5 μm, respectively. Our proposed device architecture provides an alternative strategy to design high-performance photodetectors in the LWIR regime by utilizing van der Waals layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunda Chua
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Sett S, Parappurath A, Gill NK, Chauhan N, Ghosh A. Engineering sensitivity and spectral range of photodetection in van der Waals materials and hybrids. NANO EXPRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac46b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exploration of van der Waals heterostructures in the field of optoelectronics has produced photodetectors with very high bandwidth as well as ultra-high sensitivity. Appropriate engineering of these heterostructures allows us to exploit multiple light-to-electricity conversion mechanisms, ranging from photovoltaic, photoconductive to photogating processes. These mechanisms manifest in different sensitivity and speed of photoresponse. In addition, integrating graphene-based hybrid structures with photonic platforms provides a high gain-bandwidth product, with bandwidths ≫1 GHz. In this review, we discuss the progression in the field of photodetection in 2D hybrids. We emphasize the physical mechanisms at play in diverse architectures and discuss the origin of enhanced photoresponse in hybrids. Recent developments in 2D photodetectors based on room temperature detection, photon-counting ability, integration with Si and other pressing issues, that need to be addressed for these materials to be integrated with industrial standards have been discussed.
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50
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Li J, Gu Y, Han Z, Liu J, Zou Y, Xu X. Further Advancement of Perovskite Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:274-290. [PMID: 34978435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskite (HP) single crystals (SCs) are garnering extensive attention as active materials to substitute polycrystalline counterparts in solar cells, photodiodes, and photodetectors, etc. Nevertheless, the large thickness and defect-rich surface results in severe carrier recombination and becomes the major bottleneck for augmented performance. In this perspective, we are looking forward to explaining in detail why the SCs hardly unleash their engrossing potential and introduce two parallel paths for further advancement. First is the modification of thick SCs by reducing the prepared thickness or surface passivation. Second is the large thickness that is conducive to the sufficient absorption of high-energy rays with strong penetrating ability and is beneficial to the thermoelectric effect due to the ultralow thermal conductivity of HPs. These applications provide a roundabout strategy to exploit freestanding SCs with a large thickness. Herein, direct modification and application of thick SCs are systematically introduced, expecting to give rise to the prosperity of HP SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zeyao Han
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yousheng Zou
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaobao Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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