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Paul S, Gayen K, Cantavella PG, Escuder B, Singh N. Complex Pathways Drive Pluripotent Fmoc-Leucine Self-Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406220. [PMID: 38825832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Nature uses complex self-assembly pathways to access distinct functional non-equilibrium self-assemblies. This remarkable ability to steer same set of biomolecules into different self-assembly states is done by avoiding thermodynamic pit. In synthetic systems, on demand control over 'Pathway Complexity' to access self-assemblies different from equilibrium structures remains challenging. Here we show versatile non-equilibrium assemblies of the same monomer via alternate assembly pathways. The assemblies nucleate using non-classical or classical nucleation routes into distinct metastable (transient hydrogels), kinetic (stable hydrogels) and thermodynamic structures [(poly)-crystals and 2D sheets]. Initial chemical and thermal inputs force the monomers to follow different assembly pathways and form soft-materials with distinct molecular arrangements than at equilibrium. In many cases, equilibrium structures act as thermodynamic sink which consume monomers from metastable structures giving transiently formed materials. This dynamics can be tuned chemically or thermally to slow down the dissolution of transient hydrogel, or skip the intermediate hydrogel altogether to reach final equilibrium assemblies. If required this metastable state can be kinetically trapped to give strong hydrogel stable over days. This method to control different self-assembly states can find potential use in similar biomimetic systems to access new materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Paul
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
| | - Kousik Gayen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
| | - Pau Gil Cantavella
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
| | - Nishant Singh
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
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2
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Sahu R, Yamijala SSRKC, Rao KV, Reddy SK. Dispersion-Driven Cooperativity in Alkyl Perylene Diimide Oligomers: Insights from Density Functional Theory. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400235. [PMID: 38807431 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The cooperative mechanism is of paramount importance in the synthesis of supramolecular polymers with desired characteristics, including molecular mass, polydispersity, and morphology. It is primarily driven by the presence of intermolecular interactions, which encompass strong hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions. In this study, we utilize density functional theory and energy decomposition analysis to investigate the cooperative behavior of perylene diimide (PDI) oligomers with alkyl chains at their imide positions, which lack the previously mentioned interactions. Our systematic examination reveals that dispersion interactions originating from the alkyl side-chain substituents play an important role in promoting cooperativity within these PDIs. This influence becomes even more pronounced for alkyl chain lengths beyond hexyl groups. The energy decomposition analysis reveals that the delicate balance between dispersion energy and Pauli repulsion energy is the key driver of cooperative behavior in PDIs. Additionally, we have developed a mathematical model capable of predicting the saturated binding energies for PDI oligomers of varying sizes and alkyl chain lengths. Overall, our findings emphasize the previously undervalued significance of dispersion forces in cooperative supramolecular polymerization, enhancing our overall understanding of the cooperative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, Pin, 721302, India
| | - Sharma S R K C Yamijala
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, Centre for Quantum Information, Communication, and Computing, Centre for Molecular Materials and Functions, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, Pin, India
- Centre for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin, 600036, India
- Centre for Quantum Information, Communication, and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin, 600036, India
- Centre for Molecular Materials and Functions, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin, 600036, India
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, Pin, 502285, India
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, Pin, 721302, India
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3
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Wu B, Wu T, Huang Z, Ji S. Advancing Flexible Sensors through On-Demand Regulation of Supramolecular Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22664-22674. [PMID: 39152049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of flexible sensors heavily relies on advances in soft-material design and sensing mechanisms. Supramolecular chemistry offers a powerful toolbox for manipulating nanoscale and molecular structures within soft materials, thus fostering recent advancements in flexible sensors and electronics. Supramolecular interactions have been utilized to nanoengineer functional sensing materials or construct chemical sensors with lower cost and broader targets. In this perspective, we will highlight the use of supramolecular interactions to regulate and optimize nanostructures within functional soft materials and illustrate their importance in expanding the nanocavities of bioreceptors for chemical sensing. Overall, a bridge between tissue-mimicking flexible sensors and cell-mimetic supramolecular chemistry has been built, which will further advance human healthcare innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), College of Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zehuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), College of Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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4
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Kumar Sharma A, Som S, Chopra D, Srivastava A. Modulating Helix-Preference of an Axially-Twisted Molecular Scaffold Through Diastereomeric Salt Formation with Tartaric Acid Stereoisomers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401956. [PMID: 38880769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we designed a chiral, axially-twisted molecular scaffold (ATMS) using pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (PDC) unit as pivot, chiral trans-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) residues as linkers, and pyrene residues as fluorescent reporters. R,R-ATMS exclusively adopted M-helicity and produced differential response in UV-vis, fluorescence, and NMR upon addition of tartaric acid (TA) stereoisomers allowing naked-eye detection and enantiomeric content determination. Circular dichroism (CD) profile of R,R-ATMS underwent unique changes during titration with TA stereoisomers - while loss of CD signal at 345 nm was observed with equimolar D-TA and meso-TA, inversion was seen with equimolar L-TA. Temperature increase weakened these interactions to partially recover the original CD signature of R,R-ATMS. 2D NMR studies also indicated the significant structural changes in R,R-ATMS in the solution state upon addition of L-TA. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies on the crystals of the R,R-ATMS⊃D-TA salt revealed the interacting partners stacked in arrays and ATMS molecules stabilized by π-π stacking between its PDC and pyrene residues. Contrastingly, tightly-packed supramolecular cages comprised of four molecules each of R,R-ATMS and L-TA were seen in R,R-ATMS⊃L-TA salt, and the ATMS molecules contorted to achieve CH-π interactions between its pyrene residues. These results may have implications in modulating the helicity of topologically-similar larger biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Shubham Som
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
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5
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Gagni P, Lodigiani G, Frigerio R, Cretich M, Gori A, Bergamaschi G. Supramolecular Hydrogels for 3D Biosensors and Bioassays. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400974. [PMID: 38871646 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels play a pivotal role in many fields of biomedical research, including emerging applications in designing advanced tools for point-of-care testing, clinical diagnostics, and lab-on-chip analysis. This review outlines the growing relevance of supramolecular hydrogels in biosensing and bioassay devices, highlighting recent advancements that deliver increased sensitivity, real-time monitoring, and multiplexing capabilities through the distinctive properties of these nanomaterials. Furthermore, the exploration extends to additional applications, such as using hydrogels as three-dimensional matrices for cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gagni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131, Milan, Italy
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6
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Wu J, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable Imines Drive Dynamic Covalent Systems to Nonequilibrium Steady States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20720-20727. [PMID: 39025474 PMCID: PMC11295185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Coupling a photochemical reaction to a thermal exchange process can drive the latter to a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) under photoirradiation. Typically, systems use separate motifs for photoresponse and equilibrium-related processes. Here, we show that photoswitchable imines can fulfill both roles simultaneously, autonomously driving a dynamic covalent system into a NESS under continuous light irradiation. We demonstrate this using transimination reactions, where E-to-Z photoisomerism generates a more kinetically labile species. At the NESS, energy is stored both in the metastable Z-isomer of the imine and in the system's nonequilibrium constitution; when the light is switched off, this stored energy is released as the system reverts to its equilibrium state. The system operates autonomously under continuous light irradiation and exhibits characteristics of a light-driven information ratchet. This is enabled by the dual-role of the imine linkage as both the photochromic and dynamic covalent bond. This work highlights the ability and application of these imines to drive systems to NESSs, thus offering a novel approach in the field of systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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7
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Shen J, Zhou F, Yu Y, Zhang E, Qi W, Zhang Y. Gold Nanoclusters Whose Photoluminescent Properties are Dynamically Tunable by Modulating the Assembly Pathway Complexity. Chemistry 2024:e202401909. [PMID: 38972837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Modulating the assembly pathway is an indispensable strategy for optimizing the performance of optical materials. However, implementing this strategy is nontrivial for metal nanocluster building blocks, due to the limited functional modification of nanoclusters and complexity of their emission mechanism. In this report, we demonstrate that a gold nanocluster modified by 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol (DPT-AuNCs) self-assembles into two distinct aggregation structures in methanol (MeOH)/water mixed solvent, thus exhibiting pathway complexity. Kinetic studies show that DPT-AuNCs firstly assembles into non-luminescent nanofibers (kinetically controlled), which further transforms into strongly luminescent microflowers (thermodynamically controlled). In-depth analysis of the assembly mechanism reveals that the transformation of aggregation structures involves the disassembly of nanofibers and a subsequent nucleation-growth process. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) measurements reveal that inter-cluster hydrogen bonding bridged by solvent molecules and C-H⋅⋅⋅π interaction are the key factors for emission enhancement. The photoluminescent property of DPT-AuNCs can be controlled by varying the cosolvent in water, enabling DPT-AuNCs to distinguish different kind of alcohols, particularly the isomerism n-propanol (NPA) and isopropanol (IPA). Additionally, the addition of seeds effectively regulate the assembly kinetics of DPT-AuNCs. This study advances our understanding of assembly pathways and improves the luminescent performance of nanoclusters (NCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - You Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Ensheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong, 273155, P. R. China
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8
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Brasnett C, Kiani A, Sami S, Otto S, Marrink SJ. Capturing chemical reactions inside biomolecular condensates with reactive Martini simulations. Commun Chem 2024; 7:151. [PMID: 38961263 PMCID: PMC11222477 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are phase separated systems that play an important role in the spatio-temporal organisation of cells. Their distinct physico-chemical nature offers a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. The compartmentalisation of chemical reactions is also believed to be central to the development of early life. To demonstrate how molecular dynamics may be used to capture chemical reactions in condensates, here we perform reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained Martini forcefield. We focus on the formation of rings of benzene-1,3-dithiol inside a synthetic peptide-based condensate, and find that the ring size distribution shifts to larger macrocycles compared to when the reaction takes place in an aqueous environment. Moreover, reaction rates are noticeably increased when the peptides simultaneously undergo phase separation, hinting that condensates may act as chaperones in recruiting molecules to reaction hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brasnett
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Kiani
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selim Sami
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Wu H, Chen QX, Su Y, Chen Z. The Role of Hydrogen Bonds in Thermally Responsive Crystallization-Driven Template Autocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404838. [PMID: 38654551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autocatalysis has been recognized to be involved in the emergence of life and intrinsic to biomolecular replication. Recently, an efficient template autocatalysis driven by solvent-free crystallization has been reported. Herein, we unveil the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by amides in crystallization-driven template autocatalysis (CDTA), which involves the autocatalytic activity, template selectivity, and thermal responsiveness. We found that the thermal-induced cis-trans isomerization of amides possibly affects the H-bonding-mediated template ability of products for autocatalytic transformation. As a result, CDTA can be reversibly inhibited and activated by tuning the reaction temperatures. Our work sheds light on the significance of noncovalent H-bonding interactions in artificial self-replicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wu
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xuan Chen
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yang Su
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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10
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Li WB, Xu LL, Wang SL, Wang YY, Pan YC, Shi LQ, Guo DS. Co-Assembled Nanoparticles toward Multi-Target Combinational Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease by Making Full Use of Molecular Recognition and Self-Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401918. [PMID: 38662940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely limit the effectiveness of single-target pharmic interventions, thus necessitating multi-pronged therapeutic strategies. While flexibility is essentially demanded in constructing such multi-target systems, for achieving optimal synergies and also accommodating the inherent heterogeneity within AD. Utilizing the dynamic reversibility of supramolecular strategy for conferring sufficient tunability in component substitution and proportion adjustment, amphiphilic calixarenes are poised to be a privileged molecular tool for facilely achieving function integration. Herein, taking β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrillation and oxidative stress as model combination pattern, a supramolecular multifunctional integration is proposed by co-assembling guanidinium-modified calixarene with ascorbyl palmitate and loading dipotassium phytate within calixarene cavity. Serial pivotal events can be simultaneously addressed by this versatile system, including 1) inhibition of Aβ production and aggregation, 2) disintegration of Aβ fibrils, 3) acceleration of Aβ metabolic clearance, and 4) regulation of oxidative stress, which is verified to significantly ameliorate the cognitive impairment of 5×FAD mice, with reduced Aβ plaque content, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Confronted with the extremely intricate clinical realities of AD, the strategy presented here exhibits ample adaptability for necessary alterations on combinations, thereby may immensely expedite the advancement of AD combinational therapy through providing an exceptionally convenient platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Si-Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying-Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin-Qi Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300090, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, 844000, China
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11
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Islam M, Baroi MK, Das BK, Kumari A, Das K, Ahmed S. Chemically fueled dynamic switching between assembly-encoded emissions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3104-3114. [PMID: 38687299 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides access to non-covalently synthesized supramolecular materials with distinct properties from a single building block. However, dynamic switching between functional states still remains challenging, but holds enormous potential in material chemistry to design smart materials. Herein, we demonstrate a chemical fuel-mediated strategy to dynamically switch between two distinctly emissive aggregates, originating from the self-assembly of a naphthalimide-appended peptide building block. A molecularly dissolved building block shows very weak blue emission, whereas, in the assembled state (Agg-1), it shows cyan emission through π stacking-mediated excimer emission. The addition of a chemical fuel, ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC), converts the terminal aspartic acid present in the building block to an intra-molecularly cyclized anhydride in situ forming a second aggregated state, Agg-2, by changing the molecular packing, thereby transforming the emission to strong blue. Interestingly, the anhydride gets hydrolyzed gradually to reform Agg-1 and the initial cyan emission is restored. The kinetic stability of the strong blue emissive aggregate, Agg-2, can be regulated by the added concentration of the chemical fuel. Moreover, we expand the scope of this system within an agarose gel matrix, which allows us to gain spatiotemporal control over the properties, thereby producing a self-erasable writing system where the chemical fuel acts as the ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manirul Islam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Malay Kumar Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aanchal Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Molecules and Materials & MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
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12
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Martínez D, Schlossarek T, Würthner F, Soberats B. Isothermal Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals Driven by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403910. [PMID: 38635375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of calamitic liquid crystals is exploited to perform isothermal phase transitions driven by dynamic covalent chemistry. For this purpose, nematic (N) arrays based on aldehyde 1 were treated with different amines (A-E) in an on-surface process, which resulted in different isothermal phase transitions. These phase transformations were caused by in situ imination reactions and are dependent on the nature of the added amine. Transitions from the N to crystal (1A, 1E), isotropic (1B), and smectic (Sm) (1C, 1D) phases were achieved, while the resulting materials feature thermotropic liquid crystal behavior. A sequential transformation from the N 1 to the Sm 1C and then to the N 1B was achieved by coupling an imination to a transimination processes and adjusting the temperature. All of these processes were well characterized by microscopic, spectroscopic, and X-ray techniques, unlocking not only the constitutional but also the structural aspects of the phase transitions. This work provides new insights into designing constitutionally and structurally adaptable liquid crystal systems, paving the way toward the conception of programable evolutive pathways and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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13
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Wang H, Wang K, Bai S, Wei L, Gao Y, Zhi K, Guo X, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal control over self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels through reaction-diffusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:938-945. [PMID: 38503079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in living system and is usually controlled to proceed in time and space through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes, underpinning various vital cellular functions. In this contribution, we demonstrate how spatiotemporal self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels can be realized through a simple reaction-diffusion-mediated transient transduction of pH signal. In the reaction-diffusion system, a relatively faster diffusion of acid followed by delayed enzymatic production and diffusion of base from the opposite site enables a transient transduction of pH signal in the substrate. By coupling such reaction-diffusion system with pH-sensitive gelators, dynamic supramolecular hydrogels with tunable lifetimes are formed at defined locations. The hydrogel fibers show interesting dynamic growing behaviors under the regulation of transient pH signal, reminiscent of their biological counterpart. We further demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of the developed methodology for dynamic information encoding in a soft substrate. We envision that this work may provide a potent approach to enable transient transduction of various chemical signals for the construction of new colloidal materials with the capability to evolve their structures and functionalities in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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14
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Liao CL, Faizanuddin SM, Haruyama J, Liao WS, Wen YC. Effects of chain-chain interaction on the configuration of short-chain alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on a metal surface. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214711. [PMID: 38836785 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-specific sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy is applied to study the molecular configuration of short-chain n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs with n = 2-6) on the Au surface. For monolayers with n≥ 3, the alkanethiols are upright-oriented, with the CH3 tilt angle varying between ∼33° and ∼46° in clear even-odd dependency. The ethanethiol monolayer (n = 2) is, however, found to exhibit a distinct lying-down configuration with a larger methyl tilt angle (67°-79°) and a smaller CH2 tilt angle (56°-68°). Such a unique configurational transition from n = 2 to n≥ 3 discloses the steric effect owing to chain-chain interaction among neighboring molecules. Through density functional theory calculations, the transition is further confirmed to be energetically favorable for thiols on a defective reconstructed Au(111) surface but not on the pristine one. Our study highlights the roles of the chain-chain interaction and the substrate surface atomic structure when organizing SAMs, offering a strategic pathway for exploiting their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Li Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Syed Mohammed Faizanuddin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Jun Haruyama
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Wen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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15
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Qi W. Antimicrobial therapy based on self-assembling peptides. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5061-5075. [PMID: 38726712 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms has threatened global health, and microbial infections have severely limited the use of medical materials. For example, the attachment and colonization of pathogenic bacteria to medical implant materials can lead to wound infections, inflammation and complications, as well as implant failure, shortening their lifespan and even resulting in patient death. In the era of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial drug discovery needs to prioritize unconventional therapies that act on new targets or adopt new mechanisms. In this regard, supramolecular antimicrobial peptides have emerged as attractive therapeutic platforms, both as bactericides for combination antibiotics and as delivery vehicles. By taking advantage of their programmable intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, peptides can be modified to form higher-order structures (including nanofibers and nanoparticles) with unique functionality. This paper begins with an analysis of the relationship between peptide self-assembly and antimicrobial activity, describes in detail the research and development of various self-assembled antimicrobial peptides in recent years, and finally explores different combinatorial strategies for self-assembling antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yexi Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Rongxin Su
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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17
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Tower J. Selectively advantageous instability in biotic and pre-biotic systems and implications for evolution and aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1376060. [PMID: 38818026 PMCID: PMC11137231 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1376060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rules of biology typically involve conservation of resources. For example, common patterns such as hexagons and logarithmic spirals require minimal materials, and scaling laws involve conservation of energy. Here a relationship with the opposite theme is discussed, which is the selectively advantageous instability (SAI) of one or more components of a replicating system, such as the cell. By increasing the complexity of the system, SAI can have benefits in addition to the generation of energy or the mobilization of building blocks. SAI involves a potential cost to the replicating system for the materials and/or energy required to create the unstable component, and in some cases, the energy required for its active degradation. SAI is well-studied in cells. Short-lived transcription and signaling factors enable a rapid response to a changing environment, and turnover is critical for replacement of damaged macromolecules. The minimal gene set for a viable cell includes proteases and a nuclease, suggesting SAI is essential for life. SAI promotes genetic diversity in several ways. Toxin/antitoxin systems promote maintenance of genes, and SAI of mitochondria facilitates uniparental transmission. By creating two distinct states, subject to different selective pressures, SAI can maintain genetic diversity. SAI of components of synthetic replicators favors replicator cycling, promoting emergence of replicators with increased complexity. Both classical and recent computer modeling of replicators reveals SAI. SAI may be involved at additional levels of biological organization. In summary, SAI promotes replicator genetic diversity and reproductive fitness, and may promote aging through loss of resources and maintenance of deleterious alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Nagaoka Y, Schneider J, Jin N, Cai T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li R, Kim KS, Chen O. Dynamic Transformation of High-Architectural Nanocrystal Superlattices upon Solvent Molecule Exposure. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13093-13104. [PMID: 38690763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The cluster-based body-centered-cubic superlattice (cBCC SL) represents one of the most complicated structures among reported nanocrystal assemblies, comprised of 72 truncated tetrahedral quantum dots per unit cell. Our previous report revealed that truncated tetrahedral quantum dots within cBCC SLs possessed highly controlled translational and orientational order owing to an unusual energetic landscape based on the balancing of entropic and enthalpic contributions during the assembly process. However, the cBCC SL's structural transformability and mechanical properties, uniquely originating from such complicated nanostructures, have yet to be investigated. Herein, we report that cBCC SLs can undergo dynamic transformation to face-centered-cubic SLs in response to post-assembly molecular exposure. We monitored the dynamic transformation process using in situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing a dynamic transformation involving multiple steps underpinned by interactions between incoming molecules and TTQDs' surface ligands. Furthermore, our mechanistic study demonstrated that the precise configuration of TTQDs' ligand molecules in cBCC SLs was key to their high structural transformability and unique jelly-like soft mechanical properties. While ligand molecular configurations in nanocrystal SLs are often considered minor features, our findings emphasize their significance in controlling weak van der Waals interactions between nanocrystals within assembled SLs, leading to previously unremarked superstructural transformability and unique mechanical properties. Our findings promote a facile route toward further creation of soft materials, nanorobotics, and out-of-equilibrium assemblies based on nanocrystal building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jeremy Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kyung-Suk Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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19
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Gibson W, Mulvey JT, Das S, Selmani S, Merham JG, Rakowski AM, Schwartz E, Hochbaum AI, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. Observing the Dynamics of an Electrochemically Driven Active Material with Liquid Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11898-11909. [PMID: 38648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical liquid electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of nanomaterial dynamics by allowing for direct observation of their electrochemical production. This technique, primarily applied to inorganic materials, is now being used to explore the self-assembly dynamics of active molecular materials. Our study examines these dynamics across various scales, from the nanoscale behavior of individual fibers to the micrometer-scale hierarchical evolution of fiber clusters. To isolate the influences of the electron beam and electrical potential on material behavior, we conducted thorough beam-sample interaction analyses. Our findings reveal that the dynamics of these active materials at the nanoscale are shaped by their proximity to the electrode and the applied electrical current. By integrating electron microscopy observations with reaction-diffusion simulations, we uncover that local structures and their formation history play a crucial role in determining assembly rates. This suggests that the emergence of nonequilibrium structures can locally accelerate further structural development, offering insights into the behavior of active materials under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyeth Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Swetamber Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jovany G Merham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M Rakowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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20
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Mizoshita N, Yamada Y, Masuoka Y. Self-Assembled Molecular Fibers Aligned by Compression in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402570. [PMID: 38682735 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has attracted much attention as a potential approach for fabricating nanostructured functional materials. To date, energy-efficient fabrication of nano-objects such as nanofibers, nanorings, and nanotubes is achieved using well-designed self-assembling molecules. However, the application of molecular self-assembly to industrial manufacturing processes remains challenging because regulating the positions and directions of self-assembled products is difficult. Non-covalent molecular assemblies are also too fragile to allow mechanical handling. The present work demonstrates the macroscopic alignment of self-assembled molecular fibers using compression. Specifically, the macroscopic bundling of self-assembled nanofibers is achieved following dispersion in water. These fiber bundles can also be chemically crosslinked without drastic changes in morphology via trialkoxysilyl groups. Subsequently, vertically oriented porous membranes can be produced rapidly by slicing the bundles. This technique is expected to be applicable to various functional self-assembled fibers and can lead to the development of innovative methods of producing anisotropic nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Yamada
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yumi Masuoka
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
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21
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Meng H, Meng P, Liu Z, McMurtrie J, Xu J. Exclusive Coordination between Melem and Silver(I) Ions: From Irregular Aggregates to Nanofibers to Crystal Cubes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6980-6987. [PMID: 38565220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is growing focus on metal-free molecules and polymers owing to their potential applications in various energy and catalysis-related applications. Melem (2,5,8-triamino-s-heptazine, C6H6N10) has emerged as a metal-free material for solar-to-fuel conversion. However, its reactivity with metal ions or organic molecules has never been reported although it possesses multiple supramolecular interaction sites. In this work, we report on the synthesis of a novel metal-organic coordination framework (melem-Ag) by simply introducing Ag+ into the aqueous suspension of aggregated melem particles. Notably, as the reaction progresses, the melem disappears, and the morphology of the newly formed complex spontaneously evolves from nanofibers to single-crystalline blocks, which possess the same chemical structure, indicating that the morphology evolution is driven by Ostwald ripening. The structure of melem-Ag displays infinite nanocages of triangular pyramids consisting of melem molecules and Ag+, linked via Ag-N coordinate bonding and Ag-Ag argentophilic interactions. It is noteworthy that Ag+ is the only transition-metal cation that reacts with melem suspensions, even in the presence of other transition-metal cations (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). The coordination of Ag+ to melem results in metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), resulting in a quenched photoluminescence and enhanced light absorption. Exposing the melem-Ag crystals to UV light for varying time intervals results in the formation of colorful powders, which may be used for Ag-decorated photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Meng
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Zixuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - John McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jingsan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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22
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Khanra P, Rajdev P, Das A. Seed-Induced Living Two-Dimensional (2D) Supramolecular Polymerization in Water: Implications on Protein Adsorption and Enzyme Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400486. [PMID: 38265331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In biological systems, programmable supramolecular frameworks characterized by coordinated directional non-covalent interactions are widespread. However, only a small number of reports involve pure water-based dynamic supramolecular assembly of artificial π-amphiphiles, primarily due to the formidable challenge of counteracting the strong hydrophobic dominance of the π-surface in water, leading to undesired kinetic traps. This study reveals the pathway complexity in hydrogen-bonding-mediated supramolecular polymerization of an amide-functionalized naphthalene monoimide (NMI) building block with a hydrophilic oligo-oxyethylene (OE) wedge. O-NMI-2 initially produced entropically driven, collapsed spherical particles in water (Agg-1); however, over a span of 72 h, these metastable Agg-1 gradually transformed into two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets (Agg-2), favoured by both entropy and enthalpy contributions. The intricate self-assembly pathways in O-NMI-2 enable us to explore seed-induced living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) in water for controlled synthesis of monolayered 2D assemblies. Furthermore, we demonstrated the nonspecific surface adsorption of a model enzyme, serine protease α-Chymotrypsin (α-ChT), and consequently the enzyme activity, which could be regulated by controlling the morphological transformation of O-NMI-2 from Agg-1 to Agg-2. We delve into the thermodynamic aspects of such shape-dependent protein-surface interactions and unravel the impact of seed-induced LSP on temporally controlling the catalytic activity of α-ChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Khanra
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Priya Rajdev
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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23
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Komáromy D, Monzón DM, Marić I, Monreal Santiago G, Ottelé J, Altay M, Schaeffer G, Otto S. Generalist versus Specialist Self-Replicators. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303837. [PMID: 38294075 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Darwinian evolution, including the selection of the fittest species under given environmental conditions, is a major milestone in the development of synthetic living systems. In this regard, generalist or specialist behavior (the ability to replicate in a broader or narrower, more specific food environment) are of importance. Here we demonstrate generalist and specialist behavior in dynamic combinatorial libraries composed of a peptide-based and an oligo(ethylene glycol) based building block. Three different sets of macrocyclic replicators could be distinguished based on their supramolecular organization: two prepared from a single building block as well as one prepared from an equimolar mixture of them. Peptide-containing hexamer replicators were found to be generalists, i. e. they could replicate in a broad range of food niches, whereas the octamer peptide-based replicator and hexameric ethyleneoxide-based replicator were proven to be specialists, i. e. they only replicate in very specific food niches that correspond to their composition. However, sequence specificity cannot be demonstrated for either of the generalist replicators. The generalist versus specialist nature of these replicators was linked to their supramolecular organization. Assembly modes that accommodate structurally different building blocks lead to generalist replicators, while assembly modes that are more restrictive yield specialist replicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Komáromy
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego M Monzón
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ivana Marić
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Ottelé
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Altay
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Ranganath VA, Maity I. Artificial Homeostasis Systems Based on Feedback Reaction Networks: Design Principles and Future Promises. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318134. [PMID: 38226567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Feedback-controlled chemical reaction networks (FCRNs) are indispensable for various biological processes, such as cellular mechanisms, patterns, and signaling pathways. Through the intricate interplay of many feedback loops (FLs), FCRNs maintain a stable internal cellular environment. Currently, creating minimalistic synthetic cells is the long-term objective of systems chemistry, which is motivated by such natural integrity. The design, kinetic optimization, and analysis of FCRNs to exhibit functions akin to those of a cell still pose significant challenges. Indeed, reaching synthetic homeostasis is essential for engineering synthetic cell components. However, maintaining homeostasis in artificial systems against various agitations is a difficult task. Several biological events can provide us with guidelines for a conceptual understanding of homeostasis, which can be further applicable in designing artificial synthetic systems. In this regard, we organize our review with artificial homeostasis systems driven by FCRNs at different length scales, including homogeneous, compartmentalized, and soft material systems. First, we stretch a quick overview of FCRNs in different molecular and supramolecular systems, which are the essential toolbox for engineering different nonlinear functions and homeostatic systems. Moreover, the existing history of synthetic homeostasis in chemical and material systems and their advanced functions with self-correcting, and regulating properties are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ambekar Ranganath
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrajit Maity
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India
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25
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Li L, Zheng R, Sun R. Understanding multicomponent low molecular weight gels from gelators to networks. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38570015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction of gels from low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) has been extensively studied in the fields of bio-nanotechnology and other fields. However, the understanding gaps still prevent the prediction of LMWG from the full design of those gel systems. Gels with multicomponent become even more complicated because of the multiple interference effects coexist in the composite gel systems. AIM OF REVIEW This review emphasizes systems view on the understanding of multicomponent low molecular weight gels (MLMWGs), and summarizes recent progress on the construction of desired networks of MLMWGs, including self-sorting and co-assembly, as well as the challenges and approaches to understanding MLMWGs, with the hope that the opportunities from natural products and peptides can speed up the understanding process and close the gaps between the design and prediction of structures. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key concepts. Firstly, understanding the complicated multicomponent gels systems requires a systems perspective on MLMWGs. Secondly, several protocols can be applied to control self-sorting and co-assembly behaviors in those multicomponent gels system, including the certain complementary structures, chirality inducing and dynamic control. Thirdly, the discussion is anchored in challenges and strategies of understanding MLMWGs, and some examples are provided for the understanding of multicomponent gels constructed from small natural products and subtle designed short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchun Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Renlin Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rongqin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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26
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Lauzon D, Vallée-Bélisle A. Design and Thermodynamics Principles to Program the Cooperativity of Molecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313944. [PMID: 37975629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Most functional nanosystems in living organisms are constructed using multimeric assemblies that provide multiple advantages over their monomeric counterparts such as cooperative or anti-cooperative responses, integration of multiple signals and self-regulation. Inspired by these natural nanosystems, chemists have been synthesizing self-assembled supramolecular systems over the last 50 years with increasing complexity with applications ranging from biosensing, drug delivery, synthetic biology, and system chemistry. Although many advances have been made concerning the design principles of novel molecular architectures and chemistries, little is still known, however, about how to program their dynamic of assembly so that they can assemble at the required concentration and with the right sensitivity. Here, we used synthetic DNA assemblies and double-mutant cycle analysis to explore the thermodynamic basis to program the cooperativity of molecular assemblies. The results presented here exemplify how programmable molecular assemblies can be efficiently built by fusing interacting domains and optimizing their compaction. They may also provide the rational basis for understanding the thermodynamic and mechanistic principles driving the evolution of multimeric biological complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Lauzon
- Laboratory of Biosensors & Nanomachines, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Vallée-Bélisle
- Laboratory of Biosensors & Nanomachines, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
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27
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Snoj J, Lapenta F, Jerala R. Preorganized cyclic modules facilitate the self-assembly of protein nanostructures. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3673-3686. [PMID: 38455016 PMCID: PMC10915844 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rational design of supramolecular assemblies aims to generate complex systems based on the simple information encoded in the chemical structure. Programmable molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides are particularly suitable for designing diverse assemblies and shapes not found in nature. Here, we describe a strategy for assembling modular architectures based on structurally and covalently preorganized subunits. Cyclization through spontaneous self-splicing of split intein and coiled-coil dimer-based interactions of polypeptide chains provide structural constraints, facilitating the desired assembly. We demonstrate the implementation of a strategy based on the preorganization of the subunits by designing a two-chain coiled-coil protein origami (CCPO) assembly that adopts a tetrahedral topology only when one or both subunit chains are covalently cyclized. Employing this strategy, we further design a 109 kDa trimeric CCPO assembly comprising 24 CC-forming segments. In this case, intein cyclization was crucial for the assembly of a concave octahedral scaffold, a newly designed protein fold. The study highlights the importance of preorganization of building modules to facilitate the self-assembly of higher-order supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Snoj
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana Kongresni trg 12 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Fabio Lapenta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence Trg OF 13 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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28
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Qi S, Zhang X, Yu X, Jin L, Yang K, Wang Y, Feng Y, Lei J, Mao Z, Yu G. Supramolecular Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Host-Guest Recognition: A New Generation Delivery System of mRNA Vaccines For Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311574. [PMID: 38433564 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is a crucial process for antigen presentation and the initiation of T cell-mediated immune responses. Toll-like receptors play pivotal roles in stimulating DC maturation and promoting antigen presentation. Here, a novel message RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccine is reported that boosts antitumor efficacy by codelivering an mRNA encoding tumor antigen and a TLR7/8 agonist (R848) to DC using supramolecular lipid nanoparticles (SMLNP) as a delivery platform, in which a new ionizable lipid (N2-3L) remarkably enhances the translation efficiency of mRNA and a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-modified ionizable lipid (Lip-CD) encapsulates R848. The incorporation of R848 adjuvant into the mRNA vaccine through noncovalent host-guest complexation significantly promotes DC maturation and antigen presentation after vaccination, thus resulting in superior antitumor efficacy in vivo. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy is further boosted synergized with immune checkpoint blockade by potentiating the anticancer capability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltrated in tumor sites. This work indicates that SMLNP shows brilliant potential as next-generation delivery system in the development of mRNA vaccines with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer, Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer, Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunxuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer, Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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29
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Deng Z, Zhang H, Priimagi A, Zeng H. Light-Fueled Nonreciprocal Self-Oscillators for Fluidic Transportation and Coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209683. [PMID: 36525600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-fueled self-oscillators based on soft actuating materials have triggered novel designs for small-scale robotic constructs that self-sustain their motion at non-equilibrium states and possess bioinspired autonomy and adaptive functions. However, the motions of most self-oscillators are reciprocal, which hinders their use in sophisticated biomimetic functions such as fluidic transportation. Here, an optically powered soft material strip that can perform nonreciprocal, cilia-like, self-sustained oscillation under water is reported. The actuator is made of planar-aligned liquid crystal elastomer responding to visible light. Two laser beams from orthogonal directions allow for piecewise control over the strip deformation, enabling two self-shadowing effects coupled in one single material to yield nonreciprocal strokes. The nonreciprocity, stroke pattern and handedness are connected to the fluidic pumping efficiency, which can be controlled by the excitation conditions. Autonomous microfluidic pumping in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, translocation of a micro-object by liquid propulsion, and coupling between two oscillating strips through liquid medium interaction are demonstrated. The results offer new concepts for non-equilibrium soft actuators that can perform bio-like functions under water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Deng
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI 33101, Finland
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI 02150, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI 33101, Finland
| | - Hao Zeng
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI 33101, Finland
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30
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Stähler C, Reynaerts R, Rinkovec T, Verstraete L, Heideman GH, Minoia A, Harvey JN, Mali KS, De Feyter S, Feringa BL. Highly Ordered Co-Assembly of Bisurea Functionalized Molecular Switches at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2024:e202303994. [PMID: 38323675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of stimulus-responsive systems on solid surfaces is beneficial for controlled signal transmission and adaptive behavior while allowing the characterization of the functional interface with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Positioning of the stimuli-responsive units with nanometer-scale precision across the adaptive surface remains one of the bottlenecks in the extraction of cooperative function. Nanoscale organization, cooperativity, and amplification remain key challenges in bridging the molecular and the macroscopic worlds. Here we report on the design, synthesis, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) characterization of overcrowded alkene photoswitches merged in self-assembled networks physisorbed at the solid-liquid interface. A detailed anchoring strategy that ensures appropriate orientation of the switches with respect to the solid surface through the use of bis-urea groups is presented. We implement a co-assembly strategy that enables the merging of the photoswitches within physisorbed monolayers of structurally similar 'spacer' molecules. The self-assembly of the individual components and the co-assemblies was examined in detail using (sub)molecular resolution STM which confirms the robust immobilization and controlled orientation of the photoswitches within the spacer monolayers. The experimental STM data is supported by detailed molecular mechanics (MM) simulations. Different designs of the switches and the spacers were investigated which allowed us to formulate guidelines that enable the precise organization of the photoswitches in crystalline physisorbed self-assembled molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stähler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robby Reynaerts
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamara Rinkovec
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Verstraete
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Mendizabal F, Ceron ML, Lara D, Miranda-Rojas S. Closed-shell d 10-d 10 mechanochromic [AuPh(CNPh)] n complex: quantum chemistry electronic and optical properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5638-5647. [PMID: 38352689 PMCID: PMC10863605 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, and solid state chemistry of monomer and dimers of [AuPh(CNPh)] complex were studied at post-Hartree-Fock (MP2, SCS-MP2, and CC2) and density functional theory levels. The absorption spectra of these complexes were calculated using single excitation time-dependent (TD) methods at DFT, CC2, and SCS-CC2 levels. The influences of the bulk are accounted for at the PBE-D3 level, incorporating dispersion effects. The calculated values agree with the experimental range, where absorption and emission energies reproduce experimental trends with large Stokes shifts. The aurophilic interaction is identified as a key factor influencing the spectroscopic and structural properties of these complexes. The intermetallic interactions were found as the main factor responsible for MMCT electronic transitions in the models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
| | - María Luisa Ceron
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Finis Terrae Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia Santiago Chile
| | - Dina Lara
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
| | - Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello Avenida República 275 Santiago Chile
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Avenida República 275 8370146 Santiago de Chile Chile
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32
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Umesh, Ralhan J, Kumar V, Bhatt H, Nath D, Mavlankar NA, Ghosh HN, Pal A. Thermo-Chemical Cues-Mediated Strategy to Control Peptide Self-Assembly and Charge Transfer Complexation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2754-2763. [PMID: 38275136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are known for their remarkable ability to undergo molecular self-assembly, a process that is highly responsive to the local microenvironment. Herein, we design a pyrene tethered peptide amphiphile Py-VFFAKK, 1 that exhibits pathway-driven self-assembly from metastable nanoparticles to kinetically controlled nanofibers and thermodynamically stable twisted bundles upon modulations in pH, temperature, and chemical cues. The presence of the pyrene moiety ensures donation of the electron to an electron acceptor, namely, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to form a supramolecular charge transfer complex in aqueous solution that was studied in detail with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Excitation of the donor species in its excimer state facilitates electron donation to the acceptor moiety, paving away a long-lived charge-separated state that persists for over a nanosecond, as ascertained through transient absorption spectroscopy. Finally, the self-assembled charge transfer complex is explored toward antimicrobial properties with Escherichia coli while maintaining biocompatibility toward L929 mice fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jahanvi Ralhan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debasish Nath
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nimisha A Mavlankar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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33
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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li ZT, Huang F. Multiple hydrogen bonding driven supramolecular architectures and their biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1592-1623. [PMID: 38167687 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry combines the strength of molecular assembly via various molecular interactions. Hydrogen bonding facilitated self-assembly with the advantages of directionality, specificity, reversibility, and strength is a promising approach for constructing advanced supramolecules. There are still some challenges in hydrogen bonding based supramolecular polymers, such as complexity originating from tautomerism of the molecular building modules, the assembly process, and structure versatility of building blocks. In this review, examples are selected to give insights into multiple hydrogen bonding driven emerging supramolecular architectures. We focus on chiral supramolecular assemblies, multiple hydrogen bonding modules as stimuli responsive sources, interpenetrating polymer networks, multiple hydrogen bonding assisted organic frameworks, supramolecular adhesives, energy dissipators, and quantitative analysis of nano-adhesion. The applications in biomedical materials are focused with detailed examples including drug design evolution for myotonic dystrophy, molecular assembly for advanced drug delivery, an indicator displacement strategy for DNA detection, tissue engineering, and self-assembly complexes as gene delivery vectors for gene transfection. In addition, insights into the current challenges and future perspectives of this field to propel the development of multiple hydrogen bonding facilitated supramolecular materials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-based Energy Resource, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co. Ltd. Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
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34
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Lee J, Kim E, Cho J, Seok H, Woo G, Yu D, Jung G, Hwangbo H, Na J, Im I, Kim T. Remote-Controllable Interfacial Electron Tunneling at Heterogeneous Molecular Junctions via Tip-Induced Optoelectrical Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305512. [PMID: 38057140 PMCID: PMC10837351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics enables functional electronic behavior via single molecules or molecular self-assembled monolayers, providing versatile opportunities for hybrid molecular-scale electronic devices. Although various molecular junction structures are constructed to investigate charge transfer dynamics, significant challenges remain in terms of interfacial charging effects and far-field background signals, which dominantly block the optoelectrical observation of interfacial charge transfer dynamics. Here, tip-induced optoelectrical engineering is presented that synergistically correlates photo-induced force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy to remotely control and probe the interfacial charge transfer dynamics with sub-10 nm spatial resolution. Based on this approach, the optoelectrical origin of metal-molecule interfaces is clearly revealed by the nanoscale heterogeneity of the tip-sample interaction and optoelectrical reactivity, which theoretically aligned with density functional theory calculations. For a practical device-scale demonstration of tip-induced optoelectrical engineering, interfacial tunneling is remotely controlled at a 4-inch wafer-scale metal-insulator-metal capacitor, facilitating a 5.211-fold current amplification with the tip-induced electrical field. In conclusion, tip-induced optoelectrical engineering provides a novel strategy to comprehensively understand interfacial charge transfer dynamics and a non-destructive tunneling control platform that enables real-time and real-space investigation of ultrathin hybrid molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyoung Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungchul Kim
- AVP process development team, Samsung Electronics, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31086, South Korea
| | - Jinill Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhoo Woo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Yu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gooeun Jung
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hwangbo
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Na
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseob Im
- Park Systems Corp, R&D Center, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, 615-8530, Japan
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36
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Mukherjee A, Ghosh G. Light-regulated morphology control in supramolecular polymers. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2169-2184. [PMID: 38206133 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials have gained significant recent interest owing to their versatility and wide applications in fields ranging from materials science to biology. In the majority of examples, external stimuli, including light, act as a remote source of energy to depolymerize/deconstruct certain nanostructures or provide energy for exploring their functional features. However, there is little emphasis on the creation and precise control of these materials. Although significant progress has been made in the last few decades in understanding the pros and cons of various directional non-covalent interactions and their specific molecular recognition ability, it is only in the recent past that the focus has shifted toward controlling the dimension, dispersity, and other macroscopic properties of supramolecular assemblies. Control over the morphology of supramolecular polymers is extremely crucial not only for material properties they manifest but also for effective interactions with biological systems for their potential application in the field of biomedicine. This could effectively be achieved using photoirradiation which has been demonstrated by some recent reports. The concept as such offers a broad scope for designing versatile stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials with precise structure-property control. However, there has not yet been a compilation that focuses on the present subject of employing light to impact and regulate the morphology of supramolecular polymers or categorize the functional motif for easy understanding. In this review, we have collated recent examples of how light irradiation can tune the morphology and nanostructures of supramolecular polymers and categorized them based on their chemical transformation such as cis-trans isomerization, cycloaddition, and photo-cleavage. We have also established a direct correlation among the structures of the building blocks, mesoscopic properties and functional behavior of such materials and suggested future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru, 562162, India.
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Zhang X, Mao L, He R, Shi Y, Li L, Li S, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ma D. Tunable cyclic operation of dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1180-1183. [PMID: 38193867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Artificial dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition are of great importance to simulate biological functions and construct smart materials. Five activated carboxylic acids are used as chemical fuels for dissipative molecular switches, which consist of an imidazolium macrocyclic host and a carboxylate anionic guest. By choosing different types of chemical fuels and using varied fuel concentrations, the rates of cyclic operations are tunable. The operation is capable of undergoing at least three cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Rongjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanting Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lingyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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38
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Gabrielli L, Goldin L, Chandrabhas S, Dalla Valle A, Prins LJ. Chemical Information Processing by a Responsive Chemical System. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2080-2088. [PMID: 38214581 PMCID: PMC10811666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nature has an extraordinary capacity to precisely regulate the chemical reactivity in a highly complex mixture of molecules that is present in the cell. External stimuli lead to transient up- and downregulation of chemical reactions and provide a means for a cell to process information arriving from the environment. The development of synthetic chemical systems with life-like properties requires strategies that allow likewise control over chemical reactivity in a complex environment. Here, we show a synthetic system that mimics the initial steps that take place when a natural signal transduction pathway is activated. Monophosphate nucleosides act as chemical triggers for the self-assembly of nanoreactors that upregulate chemical reactions between reagents present at low micromolar concentrations. Different nucleotides template different assemblies and hence activate different pathways, thus establishing a distinct connection between input and output molecules. Trigger-induced upregulation of chemical reactivity occurs for only a limited amount of time because the chemical triggers are gradually removed from the system by enzymes. It is shown that the same system transiently produces different output molecules depending on the chemical input that is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Goldin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Dalla Valle
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
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Feng J, Qiu Y, Gao H, Wu Y. Crystal Self-Assembly under Confinement: Bridging Nanomaterials to Integrated Devices. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:222-233. [PMID: 38170611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSelf-assembly, a spontaneous process that organizes disordered constituents into ordered structures, has revolutionized our fundamental understanding of living matter, nanotechnology, and molecular science. From the perspective of nanomaterials, self-assembly serves as a bottom-up method for creating long-range-ordered materials. This is accomplished by tailoring the geometry, chemistry, and interactions of the components, thereby facilitating the efficient fabrication of high-quality materials and high-performance functional devices. Over the past few decades, we have seen controllable organization and diverse phases in self-assembled materials, such as organic crystals, biomolecular structures, and colloidal nanoparticle supercrystals. However, most self-assembled ordered materials and their assembly mechanisms are derived from constituents in a liquid bulk medium, where the effects of boundaries and interfaces are negligible. In the context of nanostructure patterning, self-assembly occurs in confined spaces, with feature sizes ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers. In such settings, ubiquitous boundaries and interfaces can trap the system in a kinetically favored but metastable state, devoid of long-range order. This makes it extremely difficult to achieve ordered structures in micro/nano-patterning techniques that rely on sessile microdroplets, such as inkjet printing, dip-pen lithography, and contact printing.In stark contrast to sessile droplets, capillary bridges─formed by liquids confined between two solid surfaces─provide unique opportunities for understanding the long-range-ordered self-assembly of crystalline materials under spatial confinement. Because capillary bridges are stabilized by Laplace pressure, which is inversely proportional to the feature size, the confinement and manipulation of solutions or suspensions of functional materials at the nanoscale become accessible through the rational design of surface chemistry and geometry. Although global thermodynamic equilibrium is unattainable in evaporative systems, ordered nucleation and packing of constituent components can be locally realized at the contact line of capillary bridges. This enables the unprecedented fabrication of long-range-ordered micro/nanostructures with deterministic patterns.In this Account, we review the advancements in long-range-ordered self-assembly of crystalline micro/nanostructures under confinement. First, we briefly introduce crystalline materials characterized by strong intramolecular interactions and relatively weak intermolecular forces, analyzing both the opportunities and challenges inherent to self-assembled nanomaterials. Next, we delve into the construction and manipulation of confined liquids, focusing especially on capillary bridges controlled by engineered chemistry and geometry to regulate Laplace pressure. Through this approach, we have achieved capillary bridges with thicknesses on the order of a few nanometers and wafer-scale homogeneity, facilitating the self-assembly of ordered structures. Supported by factors such as local free-volume entropy, electrostatic interactions, curvilinear geometry, directional microfluidics, and nanoconfinement, we have achieved long-range-ordered, deterministic patterning of organic semiconductors, metal-halide perovskites, and colloidal nanocrystal superlattices using this capillary-bridge platform. These long-range microstructures serve as a bridge between nanomaterials and integrated devices, enabling emergent functionalities like intrinsic stretchability, giant photoconductivity, propagating and interacting exciton polaritons, and spin-valley-locked lasing, which are otherwise unattainable in disordered materials. Finally, we discuss potential directions for both the fundamental understanding and practical applications of confined self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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40
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Kelestemur S, Maity P, Visaveliya NR, Halpern D, Parveen S, Khatoon F, Khalil A, Greenberg M, Jiang Q, Ng K, Eisele DM. Solution-based Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Frenkel Excitonic Nanotubes Driven by Gold Nanoparticle Formation and Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:329-339. [PMID: 38157497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Translating nature's successful design principle of solution-based supramolecular self-assembling to broad applications─ranging from renewable energy and information technology to nanomedicine─requires a fundamental understanding of supramolecular hierarchical assembly. Though the forces behind self-assembly (e.g., hydrophobicity) are known, the specific mechanism by which monomers form the hierarchical assembly still remains an open question. A crucial step toward formulating a complete mechanism is understanding not only how the monomer's specific molecular structure but also how manifold environmental conditions impact the self-assembling process. Here, we elucidate the complex correlation between the environmental self-assembling conditions and the resulting structural properties by utilizing a well-characterized model system: well-defined supramolecular Frenkel excitonic nanotubes (NTs), self-assembled from cyanine dye molecules in aqueous solution, which further self-assemble into bundled nanotubes (b-NTs). The NTs and b-NTs inhabit distinct spectroscopic signatures, which allows the use of steady-state absorption spectroscopy to monitor the transition from NTs to b-NTs directly. Specifically, we investigate the impact of temperature (ranging from 23 °C, 55 °C, 70 °C, 85 °C, up to 100 °C) during in situ formation of gold nanoparticles to determine their role in the formation of b-NTs. The considered time regime for the self-assembling process ranges from 1 min to 8 days. With our work, we contribute to a basic understanding of how environmental conditions impact solution-based hierarchical supramolecular self-assembly in both the thermodynamic and the kinetic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kelestemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Piyali Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Nikunjkumar R Visaveliya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Damien Halpern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Sadiyah Parveen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Firdaus Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Ali Khalil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Matthew Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Qingrui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kara Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
- PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Dorthe M Eisele
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York at The City University of New York, New York City, New York 10031, United States
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41
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Li S, Li JJ, Zhao YY, Chen MM, Su SS, Yao SY, Wang ZH, Hu XY, Geng WC, Wang W, Wang KR, Guo DS. Supramolecular Integration of Multifunctional Nanomaterial by Mannose-Decorated Azocalixarene with Ginsenoside Rb1 for Synergistic Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25468-25482. [PMID: 38096153 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and progressive nature of diseases require the exploitation of multifunctional materials. However, introducing a function inevitably increases the complexity of materials, which complicates preparation and decreases reproducibility. Herein, we report a supramolecular integration of multifunctional nanomaterials based on mannose-modified azocalix[4]arene (ManAC4A) and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), which showed advances of simplicity and reproducibility. ManAC4A possesses reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity and hypoxia-responsiveness, together with macrophage-targeting and induction functionality. Collectively, the Rb1@ManAC4A assembly simply prepared by two components is integrated with multifunction, including triple targeting (ELVIS targeting, macrophage-targeting, and hypoxia-targeted release) and triple therapy (ROS scavenging, macrophage polarization, and the anti-inflammatory effect of Rb1). The spontaneous assembly and recognition of ManAC4A, with its precise structure and molecular weight, facilitated the simple and straightforward preparation of Rb1@ManAC4A, leading to excellent batch consistency. Progress in simplicity and reproducibility, as directed by this research, will catalyze the clinical translation of multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ze-Han Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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42
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Xu X, Li L, Ye L, Liu X, Feng Y, Chen G. Self-Assembly of Glycolipid Epimers: Their Supramolecular Morphology Control and Immunoactivation Function. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300359. [PMID: 37496374 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although advances have been made in carbohydrate-based macromolecular self-assembly, harnessing epimers of carbohydrates to perform molecular assembly and further investigating the properties of supramolecular materials remain little explored. Herein, two classes of stereoisomeric glycolipid amphiphiles based on d-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are reported, and they can aggregate into ribbon-like structures in the aqueous solution due to amphiphilic property, which allow to obtain glycocalyx-mimicking supramolecular materials. The subtle distinction in glycoside configuration of GalNAc-α-SSA and GalNAc-β-SSA dictates the different molecular packing in self-assembled structures. Since driven by the distinguishing carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, the ribbon-like architectures transform into spherical nanostructures via mixing GalNAc-α-SSA and GalNAc-β-SSA. The resulting spherical micelles fabricated by blending glycolipid epimers can potentiate the macrophage- and dendritic cell-mediated immune responses in vitro. Such glycolipid epimers will pave the way to create glycocalyx-mimicking immune modulators by incorporating stereochemistry into supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linfei Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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43
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Weigel RK, Rangamani A, Alabi CA. Synthetically encoded complementary oligomers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:875-888. [PMID: 37973830 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Creating the next generation of advanced materials will require controlling molecular architecture to a degree typically achieved only in biopolymers. Sequence-defined polymers take inspiration from biology by using chain length and monomer sequence as handles for tuning structure and function. These sequence-defined polymers can assemble into discrete structures, such as molecular duplexes, via reversible interactions between functional groups. Selectivity can be attained by tuning the monomer sequence, thereby creating the need for chemical platforms that can produce sequence-defined polymers at scale. Developing sequence-defined polymers that are specific for their complementary sequence and achieve their desired binding strengths is critical for producing increasingly complex structures for new functional materials. In this Review Article, we discuss synthetic platforms that produce sequence-defined, duplex-forming oligomers of varying length, strength and association mode, and highlight several analytical techniques used to characterize their hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenton Weigel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adithya Rangamani
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Lee Y, Fracassi A, Devaraj NK. Light-Driven Membrane Assembly, Shape-Shifting, and Tissue Formation in Chemically Responsive Synthetic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25815-25823. [PMID: 37963186 PMCID: PMC10690792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Living systems create remarkable complexity from a limited repertoire of biological building blocks by controlling assembly dynamics at the molecular, cellular, and multicellular level. An open question is whether simplified synthetic cells can gain similar complex functionality by being driven away from equilibrium. Here, we describe a dynamic synthetic cell system assembled using artificial lipids that are responsive to both light and chemical stimuli. Irradiation of disordered aggregates of lipids leads to the spontaneous emergence of giant cell-like vesicles, which revert to aggregates when illumination is turned off. Under irradiation, the synthetic cell membranes can interact with chemical building blocks, remodeling their composition and forming new structures that prevent the membranes from undergoing retrograde aggregation processes. The remodeled light-responsive synthetic cells reversibly alter their shape under irradiation, transitioning from spheres to rodlike shapes, mimicking energy-dependent functions normally restricted to living materials. In the presence of noncovalently interacting multivalent polymers, light-driven shape changes can be used to trigger vesicle cross-linking, leading to the formation of functional synthetic tissues. By controlling light and chemical inputs, the stepwise, one-pot transformation of lipid aggregates to multivesicular synthetic tissues is feasible. Our results suggest a rationale for why even early protocells may have required and evolved simple mechanisms to harness environmental energy sources to coordinate hierarchical assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Sangchai T, Al Shehimy S, Penocchio E, Ragazzon G. Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309501. [PMID: 37545196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest, including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and energy transduction. Experimental chemists are now pioneering the realization of artificial systems that can harvest energy away from equilibrium. In this tutorial Review, we provide an overview of artificial molecular ratchets: the chemical mechanisms enabling energy absorption from the environment. By focusing on the mechanism type-rather than the application domain or energy source-we offer a unifying picture of seemingly disparate phenomena, which we hope will foster progress in this fascinating domain of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Sangchai
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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46
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Mukhopadhyay RD, Ajayaghosh A. Metallosupramolecular polymers: current status and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962512 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular polymers have gained increasing attention and witnessed continuous development as a vibrant new research interest in the domain of soft materials. These nonconventional polymers have found widespread application in materials and biology owing to their well-defined and diversified topologies and the distinct dynamic nature of the metallosupramolecular interactions against various stimuli. Because of the intriguing redox, photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties, these stimuli-responsive supramolecular structures have attracted considerable interest for optoelectronic device fabrication. However, it still remains challenging to develop stimuli responsive systems with offbeat applications. Furthermore, achieving spatiotemporal control remains elusive with thermoresponsive and sono-responsive metallosupramolecular polymers, which encounter the disadvantage of poor precision control. Additionally, controlling the morphology of these soft materials on the mesoscale, both in solution and on substrates, has many challenges. In this review, we discuss the recent developments and future directions for the construction of stimuli responsive metallosupramolecular systems targeting practical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the synthetic methodologies that have been used to regulate the mesoscale morphology of these materials, such as coordination modulation and pseudomorphic replication. Finally, we briefly cover the burgeoning field of programmed synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers, emphasizing techniques, such as living polymerization and chemical fuel-driven transiently active systems, which we believe will be the major research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dev Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Ramananda College, Bishnupur, Bankura 722122, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Bellavita R, Braccia S, Falanga A, Galdiero S. An Overview of Supramolecular Platforms Boosting Drug Delivery. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:8608428. [PMID: 38028018 PMCID: PMC10661875 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8608428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous supramolecular platforms inspired by natural self-assembly are exploited as drug delivery systems. The spontaneous arrangement of single building blocks into inorganic and organic structures is determined and controlled by noncovalent forces such as electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. This review describes the main structures and characteristics of several building blocks used to obtain stable, self-assembling nanostructures tailored for numerous biological applications. Owing to their versatility, biocompatibility, and controllability, these nanostructures find application in diverse fields ranging from drug/gene delivery, theranostics, tissue engineering, and nanoelectronics. Herein, we described the different approaches used to design and functionalize these nanomaterials to obtain selective drug delivery in a specific disease. In particular, the review highlights the efficiency of these supramolecular structures in applications related to infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples ‘Federico II', Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Simone Braccia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples ‘Federico II', Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II', Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples ‘Federico II', Naples 80131, Italy
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George A, Jayaraman N. Linker length-dependent morphologies in self-assembled structures of anthracene glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108933. [PMID: 37683400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthracenemethyl glucosides, that possess ethylene glycol linkers connecting the glucoside with anthracene moiety, are studied herein. Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation of ethylene glycol-tethered anthracene with acetobromo glucose, followed by removal of the protecting groups, lead to the facile formation of the target glucosides. Aq. solutions of these anthracene glucosides readily undergo self-assembly, with critical aggregation concentration varying between 0.4 and 1 mM, depending on the linker, being ethylene-, di- and tetraethylene glycol, as assessed by photophysical evaluations. Circular dichroism spectra show chiral self-assembled structures for these glucosides in solution, from which a left-handed chirality is adjudged. Morphologies of the self-assembled structures of these glucosides are controlled by the linker length. With the ethylene glycol linker, vesicles form initially, around which tendrils start to grow as the concentration of the glucoside is increased. Whereas, di- and tetraethylene glycol-spaced glucosides prefer agglomerated fractal-like structures, as assessed by microscopies. The aggregation phenomenon in the latter glucosides appears to be under the non-equilibrium-driven, dissipative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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Younis M, Ahmad S, Atiq A, Amjad Farooq M, Huang MH, Abbas M. Recent Progress in Azobenzene-Based Supramolecular Materials and Applications. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300126. [PMID: 37435961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers are functional photoswitchable molecules to form supramolecular nanomaterials for various applications. Recently, supramolecular nanomaterials have received enormous attention in material science because of their simple bottom-up synthesis approach, understandable mechanisms and structural features, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. Azobenzene is a light-responsive functional moiety in the molecular design of small molecules and polymers and is used to switch the photophysical properties of supramolecular nanomaterials. Herein, we review the latest literature on supramolecular nano- and micro-materials formed from azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers through the combinatorial effect of weak molecular interactions. Different classes including complex coacervates, host-guest systems, co-assembled, and self-assembled supramolecular materials, where azobenzene is an essential moiety in small molecules, and photophysical properties are discussed. Afterward, azobenzene-containing polymers-based supramolecular photoresponsive materials formed through the host-guest approach, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and post-polymerization assembly techniques are highlighted. In addition to this, the applications of photoswitchable supramolecular materials in pH sensing, and CO2 capture are presented. In the end, the conclusion and future perspective of azobenzene-based supramolecular materials for molecular assembly design, and applications are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Atia Atiq
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Farooq
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Hua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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50
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Ouyang Y, Dong J, Willner I. Dynamic DNA Networks-Guided Directional and Orthogonal Transient Biocatalytic Cascades. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22135-22149. [PMID: 37773962 PMCID: PMC10571085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA frameworks, consisting of constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) undergoing fuel-driven reconfiguration, are coupled to a dissipative reaction module that triggers the reconfigured CDNs into a transient intermediate CDNs recovering the parent CDN state. Biocatalytic cascades consisting of the glucose oxidase (GOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) couple or the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) couple are tethered to the constituents of two different CDNs, allowing the CDNs-guided operation of the spatially confined GOx/HRP or LDH/NAD+ biocatalytic cascades. By applying two different fuel triggers, the directional transient CDN-guided upregulation/downregulation of the two biocatalytic cascades are demonstrated. By mixing the GOx/HRP-biocatalyst-modified CDN with the LDH/NAD+-biocatalyst-functionalized CDN, a composite CDN is assembled. Triggering the composite CDN with two different fuel strands results in orthogonal transient upregulation of the GOx/HRP cascade and transient downregulation of the LDH/NAD+ cascade or vice versa. The transient CDNs-guided biocatalytic cascades are computationally simulated by kinetic models, and the computational analyses allow the prediction of the performance of transient biocatalytic cascades under different auxiliary conditions. The concept of orthogonally triggered temporal, transient, biocatalytic cascades by means of CDN frameworks is applied to design an orthogonally operating CDN for the temporal upregulated or downregulated transient thrombin-induced coagulation of fibrinogen to fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ouyang
- The Institute of Chemistry,
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jiantong Dong
- The Institute of Chemistry,
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry,
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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