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Kandasamy A, Yeh YT, Serrano R, Mercola M, Del Álamo JC. Uncertainty-Aware Traction Force Microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602172. [PMID: 39026786 PMCID: PMC11257441 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) is a versatile tool to quantify cell-exerted forces by imaging and tracking fiduciary markers embedded in elastic substrates. The computations involved in TFM are ill-conditioned, and data smoothing or regularization is required to avoid overfitting the noise in the tracked substrate displacements. Most TFM calculations depend critically on the heuristic selection of regularization (hyper)parameters affecting the balance between overfitting and smoothing. However, TFM methods rarely estimate or account for measurement errors in substrate deformation to adjust the regularization level accordingly. Moreover, there is a lack of tools to quantify how these errors propagate to the recovered traction stresses. These limitations make it difficult to interpret TFM readouts and hinder comparing different experiments. This manuscript presents an uncertainty-aware TFM technique that estimates the variability in the magnitude and direction of the traction stress vector recovered at each point in space and time of each experiment. In this technique, substrate deformation and its uncertainty are quantified using a non-parametric bootstrap PIV method by resampling the microscopy image pixels (PIV-UQ). This information is passed to a hierarchical Bayesian framework that automatically selects its hyperparameters to perform spatially adaptive regularization conditioned on image quality and propagates the uncertainty to the traction stress readouts (TFM-UQ). We validate the performance of PIV-UQ and TFM-UQ using synthetic datasets with prescribed image quality variations and demonstrate the application of PIV-UQ and TFM-UQ to experimental datasets. These studies show that TFM-UQ locally adapts the level of smoothing, outperforming traditional regularization methods. They also illustrate how uncertainty-aware TFM tools can be used to objectively choose key image analysis parameters like PIV-UQ interrogation window size. We anticipate that these tools will allow for decoupling biological heterogeneity from measurement variability and facilitate automating the analysis of large datasets by parameter-free, input data-based regularization.
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Kołodziej T, Mrózek M, Sengottuvel S, Głowacki MJ, Ficek M, Gawlik W, Rajfur Z, Wojciechowski AM. Multimodal analysis of traction forces and the temperature dynamics of living cells with a diamond-embedded substrate. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4024-4043. [PMID: 39022544 PMCID: PMC11249686 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are constantly exposed to chemical and physical signals that regulate physiological and pathological processes. This study explores the integration of two biophysical methods: traction force microscopy (TFM) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) to concurrently assess cellular traction forces and the local relative temperature. We present a novel elastic substrate with embedded nitrogen-vacancy microdiamonds that facilitate ODMR-TFM measurements. Optimization efforts focused on minimizing sample illumination and experiment duration to mitigate biological perturbations. Our hybrid ODMR-TFM technique yields TFM maps and achieves approximately 1 K precision in relative temperature measurements. Our setup employs a simple wide-field fluorescence microscope with standard components, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed technique in life science laboratories. By elucidating the physical aspects of cellular behavior beyond the existing methods, this approach opens avenues for a deeper understanding of cellular processes and may inspire the development of diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kołodziej
- Jagiellonian University Medical School, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mrózek
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Saravanan Sengottuvel
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej J Głowacki
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawlik
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam M Wojciechowski
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
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Stehbens SJ, Scarpa E, White MD. Perspectives in collective cell migration - moving forward. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261549. [PMID: 38904172 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration, where cells move as a cohesive unit, is a vital process underlying morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. Thanks to recent advances in imaging and modelling, we are beginning to understand the intricate relationship between a cell and its microenvironment and how this shapes cell polarity, metabolism and modes of migration. The use of biophysical and mathematical models offers a fresh perspective on how cells migrate collectively, either flowing in a fluid-like state or transitioning to more static states. Continuing to unite researchers in biology, physics and mathematics will enable us to decode more complex biological behaviours that underly collective cell migration; only then can we understand how this coordinated movement of cells influences the formation and organisation of tissues and directs the spread of metastatic cancer. In this Perspective, we highlight exciting discoveries, emerging themes and common challenges that have arisen in recent years, and possible ways forward to bridge the gaps in our current understanding of collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Stehbens
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elena Scarpa
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Melanie D White
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Majumder S, Gupta A, Das A, Barui A, Das M, Chowdhury AR. Comparing the bone regeneration potential between a trabecular bone and a porous scaffold through osteoblast migration and differentiation: A multiscale approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3821. [PMID: 38637289 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Both cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are critical for successful bone regeneration. Therefore, understanding the mechanobiological aspects that govern these two processes is essential in designing effective scaffolds that promote faster bone regeneration. Studying these two factors at different locations is necessary to manage bone regeneration in various sections of a scaffold. Hence, a multiscale computational model was used to observe the mechanical responses of osteoblasts placed in different positions of the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold. Fluid shear stresses in scaffolds at cell seeded locations (representing osteogenic differentiation) and strain energy densities in cells at cell substrate interface (representing cell migration) were observed as mechanical response parameters in this study. Comparison of these responses, as two critical factors for bone regeneration, between the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold at different locations, is the overall goal of the study. This study reveals that the gyroid scaffold exhibits higher osteogenic differentiation and cell migration potential compared to the trabecular bone. However, the responses in the gyroid only mimic the trabecular bone in two out of nine positions. These findings can guide us in predicting the ideal cell seeded sites within a scaffold for better bone regeneration and in replicating a replaced bone condition by altering the physical parameters of a scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Majumder
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Abhisek Gupta
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
| | - Mitun Das
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, India
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5
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Kuntz G, Huang J, Rask M, Lindgren-Ruby A, Shinsato JY, Bi D, Tabatabai AP. Spatial confinement affects the heterogeneity and interactions between shoaling fish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12296. [PMID: 38811673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Living objects are able to consume chemical energy and process information independently from others. However, living objects can coordinate to form ordered groups such as schools of fish. This work considers these complex groups as living materials and presents imaging-based experiments of laboratory schools of fish to understand how activity, which is a non-equilibrium feature, affects the structure and dynamics of a group. We use spatial confinement to control the motion and structure of fish within quasi-2D shoals of fish and use image analysis techniques to make quantitative observations of the structures, their spatial heterogeneity, and their temporal fluctuations. Furthermore, we utilize Monte Carlo simulations to replicate the experimentally observed data which provides insight into the effective interactions between fish and confirms the presence of a confinement-based behavioral preference transition. In addition, unlike in short-range interacting systems, here structural heterogeneity and dynamic activities are positively correlated as a result of complex interplay between spatial arrangement and behavioral dynamics in fish collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kuntz
- Department of Physics, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Junxiang Huang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mitchell Rask
- Department of Physics, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | | | - Jacob Y Shinsato
- Department of Physics, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Pasha Tabatabai
- Department of Physics, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93410, USA.
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Koh JYC, Chen L, Gong L, Tan SJ, Hou HW, Tay CY. Lost in Rotation: How TiO 2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Disrupt Coordinated Epithelial Cell Rotation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312007. [PMID: 38708799 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a cardinal feature in tissue organization that highlights the importance of cells working together as a collective unit. Disruptions to this synchronization can have far-reaching pathological consequences, ranging from developmental disorders to tissue repair impairment. Herein, it is shown that metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), even at low and non-toxic doses (1 and 10 µg mL-1), can perturb the coordinated epithelial cell rotation (CECR) in micropatterned human epithelial cell clusters via distinct nanoparticle-specific mechanisms. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are found to induce significant levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote mitogenic activity. Generation of a new localized force field through changes in the cytoskeleton organization and an increase in cell density leads to the arrest of CECR. Conversely, epithelial cell clusters exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs maintain their CECR directionality but display suppressed rotational speed in an autophagy-dependent manner. Thus, these findings reveal that nanoparticles can actively hijack the nano-adaptive responses of epithelial cells to disrupt the fundamental mechanics of cooperation and communication in a collective setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan Cheryl Koh
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Liuying Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shao Jie Tan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
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Monfared S, Ravichandran G, Andrade JE, Doostmohammadi A. Short-range correlation of stress chains near solid-to-liquid transition in active monolayers. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240022. [PMID: 38715321 PMCID: PMC11077009 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a three-dimensional model of cell monolayers, we study the spatial organization of active stress chains as the monolayer transitions from a solid to a liquid state. The critical exponents that characterize this transition map the isotropic stress percolation onto the two-dimensional random percolation universality class, suggesting short-range stress correlations near this transition. This mapping is achieved via two distinct, independent pathways: (i) cell-cell adhesion and (ii) active traction forces. We unify our findings by linking the nature of this transition to high-stress fluctuations, distinctly linked to each pathway. The results elevate the importance of the transmission of mechanical information in dense active matter and provide a new context for understanding the non-equilibrium statistical physics of phase transition in active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Monfared
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, 2100, Denmark
| | - Guruswami Ravichandran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, , CA, 91125, USA
| | - José E. Andrade
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, , CA, 91125, USA
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Mao Y, Wickström SA. Mechanical state transitions in the regulation of tissue form and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00719-x. [PMID: 38600372 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
From embryonic development, postnatal growth and adult homeostasis to reparative and disease states, cells and tissues undergo constant changes in genome activity, cell fate, proliferation, movement, metabolism and growth. Importantly, these biological state transitions are coupled to changes in the mechanical and material properties of cells and tissues, termed mechanical state transitions. These mechanical states share features with physical states of matter, liquids and solids. Tissues can switch between mechanical states by changing behavioural dynamics or connectivity between cells. Conversely, these changes in tissue mechanical properties are known to control cell and tissue function, most importantly the ability of cells to move or tissues to deform. Thus, tissue mechanical state transitions are implicated in transmitting information across biological length and time scales, especially during processes of early development, wound healing and diseases such as cancer. This Review will focus on the biological basis of tissue-scale mechanical state transitions, how they emerge from molecular and cellular interactions, and their roles in organismal development, homeostasis, regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Lim SE, Vicente-Munuera P, Mao Y. Forced back into shape: Mechanics of epithelial wound repair. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102324. [PMID: 38290420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Wound repair, the closing of a hole, is inherently a physical process that requires the change of shape of materials, in this case, cells and tissues. Not only is efficient and accurate wound repair critical for restoring barrier function and reducing infection, but it is also critical for restoring the complex three-dimensional architecture of an organ. This re-sculpting of tissues requires the complex coordination of cell behaviours in multiple dimensions, in space and time, to ensure that the repaired structure can continue functioning optimally. Recent evidence highlights the importance of cell and tissue mechanics in 2D and 3D to achieve such seamless wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu En Lim
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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10
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Liu Y, Jiao Y, Fan Q, Li X, Liu Z, Qin D, Hu J, Liu L, Shuai J, Li Z. Morphological entropy encodes cellular migration strategies on multiple length scales. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38453929 PMCID: PMC10920856 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for numerous physiological and pathological processes. A cell adapts its morphology, including the overall and nuclear morphology, in response to various cues in complex microenvironments, such as topotaxis and chemotaxis during migration. Thus, the dynamics of cellular morphology can encode migration strategies, from which diverse migration mechanisms can be inferred. However, deciphering the mechanisms behind cell migration encoded in morphology dynamics remains a challenging problem. Here, we present a powerful universal metric, the Cell Morphological Entropy (CME), developed by combining parametric morphological analysis with Shannon entropy. The utility of CME, which accurately quantifies the complex cellular morphology at multiple length scales through the deviation from a perfectly circular shape, is illustrated using a variety of normal and tumor cell lines in different in vitro microenvironments. Our results show how geometric constraints affect the MDA-MB-231 cell nucleus, the emerging interactions of MCF-10A cells migrating on collagen gel, and the critical transition from proliferation to invasion in tumor spheroids. The analysis demonstrates that the CME-based approach provides an effective and physically interpretable tool to measure morphology in real-time across multiple length scales. It provides deeper insight into cell migration and contributes to the understanding of different behavioral modes and collective cell motility in more complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dui Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Sone K, Sakamaki Y, Hirose S, Inagaki M, Tachikawa M, Yoshino D, Funamoto K. Hypoxia suppresses glucose-induced increases in collective cell migration in vascular endothelial cell monolayers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5164. [PMID: 38431674 PMCID: PMC10908842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose levels fluctuate during daily life, and the oxygen concentration is low compared to the atmosphere. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) maintain vascular homeostasis by sensing changes in glucose and oxygen concentrations, resulting in collective migration. However, the behaviors of ECs in response to high-glucose and hypoxic environments and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the collective migration of ECs simultaneously stimulated by changes in glucose and oxygen concentrations. Cell migration in EC monolayer formed inside the media channels of microfluidic devices was observed while varying the glucose and oxygen concentrations. The cell migration increased with increasing glucose concentration under normoxic condition but decreased under hypoxic condition, even in the presence of high glucose levels. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial function reduced the cell migration regardless of glucose and oxygen concentrations. Thus, oxygen had a greater impact on cell migration than glucose, and aerobic energy production in mitochondria plays an important mechanistic role. These results provide new insights regarding vascular homeostasis relative to glucose and oxygen concentration changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sone
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Sakamaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Satomi Hirose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mai Inagaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshino
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenichi Funamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8597, Japan.
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12
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Ly M, Schimmer C, Hawkins R, E Rothenberg K, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Integrin-based adhesions promote cell-cell junction and cytoskeletal remodelling to drive embryonic wound healing. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261138. [PMID: 37970744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryos repair wounds rapidly, with no inflammation or scarring. Embryonic wound healing is driven by the collective movement of the cells around the lesion. The cells adjacent to the wound polarize the cytoskeletal protein actin and the molecular motor non-muscle myosin II, which accumulate at the wound edge forming a supracellular cable around the wound. Adherens junction proteins, including E-cadherin, are internalized from the wound edge and localize to former tricellular junctions at the wound margin, in a process necessary for cytoskeletal polarity. We found that the cells adjacent to wounds in the Drosophila embryonic epidermis polarized Talin, a core component of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions, which preferentially accumulated at the wound edge. Integrin knockdown and inhibition of integrin binding delayed wound closure and reduced actin polarization and dynamics around the wound. Additionally, disrupting integrins caused a defect in E-cadherin reinforcement at tricellular junctions along the wound edge, suggesting crosstalk between integrin-based and cadherin-based adhesions. Our results show that cell-ECM adhesion contributes to embryonic wound repair and reveal an interplay between cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion in the collective cell movements that drive rapid wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ly
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Clara Schimmer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Raymond Hawkins
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Katheryn E Rothenberg
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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13
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Turci F, Jack RL, Wilding NB. Partial and complete wetting of droplets of active Brownian particles. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2060-2074. [PMID: 38345308 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with a repulsive potential barrier, in a wedge geometry. Our numerical results demonstrate a transition between partially wet and completely wet states, as a function of the barrier height, analogous to the corresponding surface phase transition in passive fluids. We analyse partially wet configurations characterised by a nonzero contact angle θ between the droplet surface and the barrier including the average density profile and its fluctuations. These findings are compared with two equilibrium systems: a Lennard-Jones fluid and a simple contour model for a liquid-vapour interface. We locate the wetting transition where cos(θ) = 1, and the neutral state where cos(θ) = 0. We discuss the implications of these results for possible definitions of surface tensions in active fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.
| | - Robert L Jack
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nigel B Wilding
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.
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14
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Ye Y, Ghrayeb M, Miercke S, Arif S, Müller S, Mascher T, Chai L, Zaburdaev V. Residual cells and nutrient availability guide wound healing in bacterial biofilms. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1047-1060. [PMID: 38205608 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular heterogeneous bacterial communities characterized by social-like division of labor, and remarkable robustness with respect to external stresses. Increasingly often an analogy between biofilms and arguably more complex eukaryotic tissues is being drawn. One illustrative example of where this analogy can be practically useful is the process of wound healing. While it has been extensively studied in eukaryotic tissues, the mechanism of wound healing in biofilms is virtually unexplored. Combining experiments in Bacillus subtilis bacteria, a model organism for biofilm formation, and a lattice-based theoretical model of biofilm growth, we studied how biofilms recover after macroscopic damage. We suggest that nutrient gradients and the abundance of proliferating cells are key factors augmenting wound closure. Accordingly, in the model, cell quiescence, nutrient fluxes, and biomass represented by cells and self-secreted extracellular matrix are necessary to qualitatively recapitulate the experimental results for damage repair. One of the surprising experimental findings is that residual cells, persisting in a damaged area after removal of a part of the biofilm, prominently affect the healing process. Taken together, our results outline the important roles of nutrient gradients and residual cells on biomass regrowth on macroscopic scales of the whole biofilm. The proposed combined experiment-simulation framework opens the way to further investigate the possible relation between wound healing, cell signaling and cell phenotype alternation in the local microenvironment of the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Ye
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mnar Ghrayeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sania Arif
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Liraz Chai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Pozzi G, Ciarletta P. Geometric control by active mechanics of epithelial gap closure. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:900-908. [PMID: 38180343 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01419c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing is one of the most important biological processes occurring during the lifetime of an organism. It is a self-repair mechanism closing wounds or gaps within tissues to restore their functional integrity. In this work we derive a new diffuse interface approach for modelling the gap closure by means of a variational principle in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We investigate the interplay between the crawling with lamellipodia protrusions and the supracellular tension exerted by the actomyosin cable on the closure dynamics. These active features are modeled as Korteweg forces into a generalised chemical potential. From an asymptotic analysis, we derive a pressure jump across the gap edge in the sharp interface limit. Moreover, the chemical potential diffuses as a Mullins-Sekerka system, and its interfacial value is given by a Gibbs-Thompson relation for its local potential driven by the curvature-dependent purse-string tension. The finite element simulations show an excellent quantitative agreement between the closure dynamics and the morphology of the edge with respect to existing biological experiments. The resulting force patterns are also in good qualitative agreement with existing traction force microscopy measurements. Our results shed light on the geometrical control of the gap closure dynamics resulting from the active forces that are chemically activated around the gap edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pozzi
- MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - P Ciarletta
- MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Armengol-Collado JM, Carenza LN, Giomi L. Hydrodynamics and multiscale order in confluent epithelia. eLife 2024; 13:e86400. [PMID: 38189410 PMCID: PMC10963026 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We formulate a hydrodynamic theory of confluent epithelia: i.e. monolayers of epithelial cells adhering to each other without gaps. Taking advantage of recent progresses toward establishing a general hydrodynamic theory of p-atic liquid crystals, we demonstrate that collectively migrating epithelia feature both nematic (i.e. p = 2) and hexatic (i.e. p = 6) orders, with the former being dominant at large and the latter at small length scales. Such a remarkable multiscale liquid crystal order leaves a distinct signature in the system's structure factor, which exhibits two different power-law scaling regimes, reflecting both the hexagonal geometry of small cells clusters and the uniaxial structure of the global cellular flow. We support these analytical predictions with two different cell-resolved models of epithelia - i.e. the self-propelled Voronoi model and the multiphase field model - and highlight how momentum dissipation and noise influence the range of fluctuations at small length scales, thereby affecting the degree of cooperativity between cells. Our construction provides a theoretical framework to conceptualize the recent observation of multiscale order in layers of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and pave the way for further theoretical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Giomi
- Instituut-Lorentz, Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
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17
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Azzari NA, Segars KL, Rapaka S, Kushimi L, Rich CB, Trinkaus-Randall V. Aberrations in Cell Signaling Quantified in Diabetic Murine Globes after Injury. Cells 2023; 13:26. [PMID: 38201230 PMCID: PMC10778404 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is an avascular structure that has a unique wound healing mechanism, which allows for rapid wound closure without compromising vision. This wound healing mechanism is attenuated in diabetic patients, resulting in poor clinical outcomes and recurrent non-healing erosion. We investigated changes in cellular calcium signaling activity during the wound response in murine diabetic tissue using live cell imaging from both ex vivo and in vitro models. The calcium signaling propagation in diabetic cells was significantly decreased and displayed altered patterns compared to non-diabetic controls. Diabetic cells and tissue display distinct expression of the purinergic receptor, P2X7, which mediates the wound healing response. We speculate that alterations in P2X7 expression, interactions with other proteins, and calcium signaling activity significantly impact the wound healing response. This may explain aberrations in the diabetic wound response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Azzari
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; (N.A.A.); (C.B.R.)
| | - Kristen L. Segars
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Srikar Rapaka
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Landon Kushimi
- Department of Computer Science, Center for Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, 665 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Celeste B. Rich
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; (N.A.A.); (C.B.R.)
| | - Vickery Trinkaus-Randall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; (N.A.A.); (C.B.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
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18
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Bonn L, Ardaševa A, Doostmohammadi A. Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:115-123. [PMID: 38050783 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stresses are increasingly found to be associated with various biological functionalities. At the same time, topological defects are being identified across a diverse range of biological systems and are points of localized mechanical stress. It is therefore important to ask how mechanical stress localization around topological defects is controlled. Here, we use continuum simulations of nonequilibrium, fluctuating and active nematics to explore the patterns of stress localization, as well as their extent and intensity around topological defects. We find that by increasing the orientational elasticity of the material, the isotropic stress pattern around topological defects is changed substantially, from a stress dipole characterized by symmetric compression-tension regions around the core of the defect, to a localized stress monopole at the defect position. Moreover, we show that elastic anisotropy alters the extent and intensity of the stresses, and can result in the dominance of tension or compression around defects. Finally, including both nonequilibrium fluctuations and active stress generation, we find that the elastic constant tunes the relative effect of each, leading to the flipping of tension and compression regions around topological defects. This flipping of the tension-compression regions only by changing the elastic constant presents an interesting, simple, way of switching the dynamic behavior in active matter by changing a passive material property. We expect these findings to motivate further exploration tuning stresses in active biological materials by varying material properties of the constituent units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bonn
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aleksandra Ardaševa
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Tervonen A, Korpela S, Nymark S, Hyttinen J, Ihalainen TO. The Effect of Substrate Stiffness on Elastic Force Transmission in the Epithelial Monolayers over Short Timescales. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:475-495. [PMID: 38099211 PMCID: PMC10716100 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The importance of mechanical forces and microenvironment in guiding cellular behavior has been widely accepted. Together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial cells form a highly connected mechanical system subjected to various mechanical cues from their environment, such as ECM stiffness, and tensile and compressive forces. ECM stiffness has been linked to many pathologies, including tumor formation. However, our understanding of the effect of ECM stiffness and its heterogeneities on rapid force transduction in multicellular systems has not been fully addressed. Methods We used experimental and computational methods. Epithelial cells were cultured on elastic hydrogels with fluorescent nanoparticles. Single cells were moved by a micromanipulator, and epithelium and substrate deformation were recorded. We developed a computational model to replicate our experiments and quantify the force distribution in the epithelium. Our model further enabled simulations with local stiffness gradients. Results We found that substrate stiffness affects the force transduction and the cellular deformation following an external force. Also, our results indicate that the heterogeneities, e.g., gradients, in the stiffness can substantially influence the strain redistribution in the cell monolayers. Furthermore, we found that the cells' apico-basal elasticity provides a level of mechanical isolation between the apical cell-cell junctions and the basal focal adhesions. Conclusions Our simulation results show that increased ECM stiffness, e.g., due to a tumor, can mechanically isolate cells and modulate rapid mechanical signaling between cells over distances. Furthermore, the developed model has the potential to facilitate future studies on the interactions between epithelial monolayers and elastic substrates. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12195-023-00772-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Tervonen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Korpela
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O. Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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20
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Mori F, Bhattacharyya S, Yeomans JM, Thampi SP. Viscoelastic confinement induces periodic flow reversals in active nematics. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064611. [PMID: 38243430 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We use linear stability analysis and hybrid lattice Boltzmann simulations to study the dynamical behavior of an active nematic confined in a channel made of viscoelastic material. We find that the quiescent, ordered active nematic is unstable above a critical activity. The transition is to a steady flow state for high elasticity of the channel surroundings. However, below a threshold elastic modulus, the system produces spontaneous oscillations with periodic flow reversals. We provide a phase diagram that highlights the region where time-periodic oscillations are observed and explain how they are produced by the interplay of activity and viscoelasticity. Our results suggest experiments to study the role of viscoelastic confinement in the spatiotemporal organization and control of active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Saraswat Bhattacharyya
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Sumesh P Thampi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-36, India
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21
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Terragni F, Martinson WD, Carretero M, Maini PK, Bonilla LL. Soliton approximation in continuum models of leader-follower behavior. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054407. [PMID: 38115402 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Complex biological processes involve collective behavior of entities (bacteria, cells, animals) over many length and time scales and can be described by discrete models that track individuals or by continuum models involving densities and fields. We consider hybrid stochastic agent-based models of branching morphogenesis and angiogenesis (new blood vessel creation from preexisting vasculature), which treat cells as individuals that are guided by underlying continuous chemical and/or mechanical fields. In these descriptions, leader (tip) cells emerge from existing branches and follower (stalk) cells build the new sprout in their wake. Vessel branching and fusion (anastomosis) occur as a result of tip and stalk cell dynamics. Coarse graining these hybrid models in appropriate limits produces continuum partial differential equations (PDEs) for endothelial cell densities that are more analytically tractable. While these models differ in nonlinearity, they produce similar equations at leading order when chemotaxis is dominant. We analyze this leading order system in a simple quasi-one-dimensional geometry and show that the numerical solution of the leading order PDE is well described by a soliton wave that evolves from vessel to source. This wave is an attractor for intermediate times until it arrives at the hypoxic region releasing the growth factor. The mathematical techniques used here thus identify common features of discrete and continuum approaches and provide insight into general biological mechanisms governing their collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Terragni
- Gregorio Millán Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Nanoscience and Industrial Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - W D Martinson
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - M Carretero
- Gregorio Millán Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Nanoscience and Industrial Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - P K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - L L Bonilla
- Gregorio Millán Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Nanoscience and Industrial Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
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22
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Barbazan J, Pérez-González C, Gómez-González M, Dedenon M, Richon S, Latorre E, Serra M, Mariani P, Descroix S, Sens P, Trepat X, Vignjevic DM. Cancer-associated fibroblasts actively compress cancer cells and modulate mechanotransduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6966. [PMID: 37907483 PMCID: PMC10618488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) accumulate in tumors and produce an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), forming a capsule that enwraps cancer cells. This capsule acts as a barrier that restricts tumor growth leading to the buildup of intratumoral pressure. Combining genetic and physical manipulations in vivo with microfabrication and force measurements in vitro, we found that the CAFs capsule is not a passive barrier but instead actively compresses cancer cells using actomyosin contractility. Abrogation of CAFs contractility in vivo leads to the dissipation of compressive forces and impairment of capsule formation. By mapping CAF force patterns in 3D, we show that compression is a CAF-intrinsic property independent of cancer cell growth. Supracellular coordination of CAFs is achieved through fibronectin cables that serve as scaffolds allowing force transmission. Cancer cells mechanosense CAF compression, resulting in an altered localization of the transcriptional regulator YAP and a decrease in proliferation. Our study unveils that the contractile capsule actively compresses cancer cells, modulates their mechanical signaling, and reorganizes tumor morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barbazan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathieu Dedenon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Richon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Ernest Latorre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Serra
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Mariani
- Institut Curie, Department of surgical oncology, Curie Institute, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facutltat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Germano DPJ, Zanca A, Johnston ST, Flegg JA, Osborne JM. Free and Interfacial Boundaries in Individual-Based Models of Multicellular Biological systems. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:111. [PMID: 37805982 PMCID: PMC10560655 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of cell behaviour is key to a myriad of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumour growth. As such, individual-based computational models, which explicitly describe inter-cellular interactions, are commonly used to model collective cell dynamics. However, when using individual-based models, it is unclear how descriptions of cell boundaries affect overall population dynamics. In order to investigate this we define three cell boundary descriptions of varying complexities for each of three widely used off-lattice individual-based models: overlapping spheres, Voronoi tessellation, and vertex models. We apply our models to multiple biological scenarios to investigate how cell boundary description can influence tissue-scale behaviour. We find that the Voronoi tessellation model is most sensitive to changes in the cell boundary description with basic models being inappropriate in many cases. The timescale of tissue evolution when using an overlapping spheres model is coupled to the boundary description. The vertex model is demonstrated to be the most stable to changes in boundary description, though still exhibits timescale sensitivity. When using individual-based computational models one should carefully consider how cell boundaries are defined. To inform future work, we provide an exploration of common individual-based models and cell boundary descriptions in frequently studied biological scenarios and discuss their benefits and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic P. J. Germano
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Adriana Zanca
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stuart T. Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Flegg
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - James M. Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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24
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Zhu H, He W, Ye P, Chen J, Wu X, Mu X, Wu Y, Pang H, Han F, Nie X. Piezo1 in skin wound healing and related diseases: Mechanotransduction and therapeutic implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110779. [PMID: 37582313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multifaceted and intricate process involving inflammation, tissue proliferation, and scar formation, all of which are accompanied by the continuous application of mechanical forces. Mechanotransduction is the mechanism by which the skin receives and reacts to physical signals from the internal and external environment, converting them into intracellular biochemical signals. This intricate process relies on specialized proteins known as mechanotransducers, with Piezo1 being a critical mechanosensitive ion channel that plays a central role in this process. This article provides an overview of the structural characteristics of Piezo1 and summarizes its effects on corresponding cells or tissues at different stages of skin trauma, including how it regulates skin sensation and skin-related diseases. The aim is to reveal the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of Piezo1 in skin trauma and skin-related diseases. Piezo1 has been reported to be a vital mediator of mechanosensation and transduction in various organs and tissues. Given its high expression in the skin, Piezo1, as a significant cell membrane ion channel, is essential in activating intracellular signaling cascades that trigger several cellular physiological functions, including cell migration and muscle contraction. These functions contribute to the regulation and improvement of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Wenjie He
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Penghui Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Jitao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Xingqian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Xingrui Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Youzhi Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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25
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Skorentseva KV, Bolshakov FV, Saidova AA, Lavrov AI. Regeneration in calcareous sponge relies on 'purse-string' mechanism and the rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:107-129. [PMID: 37466725 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The crucial step in any regeneration process is epithelization, i.e. the restoration of an epithelium structural and functional integrity. Epithelization requires cytoskeletal rearrangements, primarily of actin filaments and microtubules. Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early branching metazoans with pronounced regenerative abilities. Calcareous sponges have a unique step during regeneration: the formation of a temporary structure, called regenerative membrane which initially covers a wound. It forms due to the morphallactic rearrangements of exopinaco- and choanoderm epithelial-like layers. The current study quantitatively evaluates morphological changes and characterises underlying actin cytoskeleton rearrangements during regenerative membrane formation in asconoid calcareous sponge Leucosolenia variabilis through a combination of time-lapse imaging, immunocytochemistry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Regenerative membrane formation has non-linear stochastic dynamics with numerous fluctuations. The pinacocytes at the leading edge of regenerative membrane form a contractile actomyosin cable. Regenerative membrane formation either depends on its contraction or being coordinated through it. The cell morphology changes significantly during regenerative membrane formation. Exopinacocytes flatten, their area increases, while circularity decreases. Choanocytes transdifferentiate into endopinacocytes, losing microvillar collar and flagellum. Their area increases and circularity decreases. Subsequent redifferentiation of endopinacocytes into choanocytes is accompanied by inverse changes in cell morphology. All transformations rely on actin filament rearrangements similar to those characteristic of bilaterian animals. Altogether, we provide here a qualitative and quantitative description of cell transformations during reparative epithelial morphogenesis in a calcareous sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia V Skorentseva
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis Evolution, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Fyodor V Bolshakov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1 Build. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alina A Saidova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1 Build. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey I Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1 Build. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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26
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Shi X, Janmey PA. Large Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Large-Batch Cell Culture and Mechanobiological Studies. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300042. [PMID: 37128976 PMCID: PMC10524403 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rigidity of a cell's substrate or extracellular matrix plays a vital role in regulating cell and tissue functions. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels are one of the most widely used cell culture substrates that provide a physiologically relevant range of stiffness. However, it is still arduous and time-consuming to prepare PAAm substrates in large batches for high-yield or multiscale cell cultures. In this communication, a simple method to prepare PAAm hydrogels with less time cost and easily accessible materials is presented. The hydrogel is mechanically uniform and supports cell culture in a large batch. It is further shown that the stiffness of the hydrogel covers a large range of Young's modulus and is sensed by cells, regulating various cell features including changes in cell morphology, proliferation, and contractility. This method improves the reproducibility of mechanobiology studies and can be easily applied for mechanobiology research requiring large numbers of cells or experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Shi
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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27
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Mimura T, Inoue Y. Cell-center-based model for simulating three-dimensional monolayer tissue deformation. J Theor Biol 2023; 571:111560. [PMID: 37315765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The shape of the epithelial monolayer can be depicted as a curved tissue in three-dimensional (3D) space, where individual cells are tightly adhered to one another. The 3D morphogenesis of these tissues is governed by cell dynamics, and a variety of mathematical modeling and simulation studies have been conducted to investigate this process. One promising approach is the cell-center model, which can account for the discreteness of cells. The cell nucleus, which is considered to correspond to the cell center, can be observed experimentally. However, there has been a shortage of cell-center models specifically tailored for simulating 3D monolayer tissue deformation. In this study, we developed a mathematical model based on the cell-center model to simulate 3D monolayer tissue deformation. Our model was confirmed by simulating the in-plane deformation, out-of-plane deformation, and invagination due to apical constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mimura
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan.
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28
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Gupta A, Das A, Barui A, Das A, Roy Chowdhury A. Evaluating the cell migration potential of TiO 2 nanorods incorporated in a Ti 6Al 4V scaffold: A multiscale approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105940. [PMID: 37300993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of cell migration by the nano-topographical modification of implant surface can directly or indirectly accelerate wound healing and osseointegration between bone and implant. Therefore, modification of the implant surface was done with TiO2 nanorod (NR) arrays to develop a more osseointegration-friendly implant in this study. Modulating the migration of a cell, adhered to a scaffold, by the variations of NR diameter, density and tip diameter in vitro is the primary objective of the study. The fluid structure interaction method was used, followed by the submodelling technique in this multiscale analysis. After completing a simulation over a global model, fluid structure interaction data was applied to the sub-scaffold finite element model to predict the mechanical response over cells at the cell-substrate interface. Special focus was given to strain energy density at the cell interface as a response parameter due to its direct correlation with the migration of an adherent cell. The results showed a huge rise in strain energy density after the addition of NRs on the scaffold surface. It also highlighted that variation in NR density plays a more effective role than the variation in NR diameter to control cell migration over a substrate. However, the effect of NR diameter becomes insignificant when the NR tip was considered. The findings of this study could be used to determine the best nanostructure parameters for better osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Gupta
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Apurba Das
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India.
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29
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Luo Y, Gu M, Park M, Fang X, Kwon Y, Urueña JM, Read de Alaniz J, Helgeson ME, Marchetti CM, Valentine MT. Molecular-scale substrate anisotropy, crowding and division drive collective behaviours in cell monolayers. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230160. [PMID: 37403487 PMCID: PMC10320338 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to reorganize in response to external stimuli is important in areas ranging from morphogenesis to tissue engineering. While nematic order is common in biological tissues, it typically only extends to small regions of cells interacting via steric repulsion. On isotropic substrates, elongated cells can co-align due to steric effects, forming ordered but randomly oriented finite-size domains. However, we have discovered that flat substrates with nematic order can induce global nematic alignment of dense, spindle-like cells, thereby influencing cell organization and collective motion and driving alignment on the scale of the entire tissue. Remarkably, single cells are not sensitive to the substrate's anisotropy. Rather, the emergence of global nematic order is a collective phenomenon that requires both steric effects and molecular-scale anisotropy of the substrate. To quantify the rich set of behaviours afforded by this system, we analyse velocity, positional and orientational correlations for several thousand cells over days. The establishment of global order is facilitated by enhanced cell division along the substrate's nematic axis, and associated extensile stresses that restructure the cells' actomyosin networks. Our work provides a new understanding of the dynamics of cellular remodelling and organization among weakly interacting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mengyang Gu
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Minwook Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Urueña
- BioPACIFIC MIP, California NanoSystems Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Cristina M. Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Megan T. Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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30
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Jain HP, Voigt A, Angheluta L. Robust statistical properties of T1 transitions in a multi-phase field model of cell monolayers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10096. [PMID: 37344548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale tissue deformation which is fundamental to tissue development hinges on local cellular rearrangements, such as T1 transitions. In the realm of the multi-phase field model, we analyse the statistical and dynamical properties of T1 transitions in a confluent monolayer. We identify an energy profile that is robust to changes in several model parameters. It is characterized by an asymmetric profile with a fast increase in energy before the T1 transition and a sudden drop after the T1 transition, followed by a slow relaxation. The latter being a signature of the fluidity of the cell monolayer. We show that T1 transitions are sources of localised large deformation of the cells undergoing the neighbour exchange, and they induce other T1 transitions in the nearby cells leading to a chaining of events that propagate local cell deformation to large scale tissue flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish P Jain
- Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Axel Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Center of Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luiza Angheluta
- Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Xu J, Wang Q, Li X, Zheng Y, Ji B. Cellular mechanisms of wound closure under cyclic stretching. Biophys J 2023; 122:2404-2420. [PMID: 36966361 PMCID: PMC10322892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound closure is a fundamental process in many physiological and pathological processes, but the regulating effects of external force on the closure process are still unclear. Here, we systematically studied the closure process of wounds of different shape under cyclic stretching. We found that the stretching amplitude and direction had significant effect on the healing speed and healing mode. For instance, there was a biphasic dependence of the healing speed on the stretching amplitude. That is, the wound closure was faster under relatively small and large amplitude, while it was slower under intermediate amplitude. At the same time, the stretching could regulate the healing pattern. We showed that the stretching would increase the healing speed along the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction. Specifically, when the stretching was along the major axis of the wound, it accelerated the healing speed along the short axis, which induced a rosette to stitching-line mode transition. In contrast, stretching along the minor axis accelerated the healing speed along the long axis, inducing a stitching-line to rosette mode transition. Our theoretical analyses demonstrated that the wound closure process was coregulated by the mechanical factors including prestress in the cytoskeleton, the protrusion of cells, and the contraction of the actin ring, as well as the geometry of the wound. The cyclic stretch could further modulate the roles of these factors. For example, the stretching changed the stress field in the cell layer, and switched the direction of cell protrusions. This article reveals important cellular mechanisms of the wound healing process under cyclic stretching, and provides an insight into possible approaches of regulating cell collective behaviors via mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianchun Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Applications, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Institute of Biomechanics and Applications, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Sun CC, Lee SY, Chen LH, Lai CH, Shen ZQ, Chen NN, Lai YS, Tung CY, Tzeng TY, Chiu WT, Tsai TF. Targeting Ca 2+-dependent pathways to promote corneal epithelial wound healing induced by CISD2 deficiency. Cell Signal 2023:110755. [PMID: 37315750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic epithelial defects of the cornea, which are usually associated with severe dry eye disease, diabetes mellitus, chemical injuries or neurotrophic keratitis, as well as aging, are an unmet clinical need. CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain 2 (CISD2) is the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2; MIM 604928). CISD2 protein is significantly decreased in the corneal epithelium of patients with various corneal epithelial diseases. Here we summarize the most updated publications and discuss the central role of CISD2 in corneal repair, as well as providing new results describing how targeting Ca2+-dependent pathways can improve corneal epithelial regeneration. This review mainly focuses on the following topics. Firstly, an overview of the cornea and of corneal epithelial wound healing. The key players involved in this process, such as Ca2+, various growth factors/cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, focal adhesions and proteinases, are briefly discussed. Secondly, it is well known that CISD2 plays an essential role in corneal epithelial regeneration via the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. CISD2 deficiency dysregulates cytosolic Ca2+, impairs cell proliferation and migration, decreases mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress. As a consequence, these abnormalities bring about poor epithelial wound healing and this, in turn, will lead to persistent corneal regeneration and limbal progenitor cell exhaustion. Thirdly, CISD2 deficiency induces three distinct Ca2+-dependent pathways, namely the calcineurin, CaMKII and PKCα signaling pathways. Intriguingly, inhibition of each of the Ca2+-dependent pathways seems to reverse cytosolic Ca2+ dysregulation and restore cell migration during corneal wound healing. Notably, cyclosporin, an inhibitor of calcineurin, appears to have a dual effect on both inflammatory and corneal epithelial cells. Finally, corneal transcriptomic analyses have revealed that there are six major functional groupings of differential expression genes when CISD2 deficiency is present: (1) inflammation and cell death; (2) cell proliferation, migration and differentiation; (3) cell adhesion, junction and interaction; (4) Ca2+ homeostasis; (5) wound healing and extracellular matrix; and (6) oxidative stress and aging. This review highlights the importance of CISD2 in corneal epithelial regeneration and identifies the potential of repurposing venerable FDA-approved drugs that target Ca2+-dependent pathways for new uses, namely treating chronic epithelial defects of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsien Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Qing Shen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ni Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications, Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications, Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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33
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Hartmann J, Mayor R. Self-organized collective cell behaviors as design principles for synthetic developmental biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 141:63-73. [PMID: 35450765 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, molecular cell biology has graduated from a mostly analytic science to one with substantial synthetic capability. This success is built on a deep understanding of the structure and function of biomolecules and molecular mechanisms. For synthetic biology to achieve similar success at the scale of tissues and organs, an equally deep understanding of the principles of development is required. Here, we review some of the central concepts and recent progress in tissue patterning, morphogenesis and collective cell migration and discuss their value for synthetic developmental biology, emphasizing in particular the power of (guided) self-organization and the role of theoretical advances in making developmental insights applicable in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hartmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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34
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Zhao T, Yuan H. The analytical solution to the migration of an epithelial monolayer with a circular spreading front and its implications in the gap closure process. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01723-4. [PMID: 37149822 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated behaviors of epithelial cells are widely observed in tissue development, such as re-epithelialization, tumor growth, and morphogenesis. In these processes, cells either migrate collectively or organize themselves into specific structures to serve certain purposes. In this work, we study a spreading epithelial monolayer whose migrating front encloses a circular gap in the monolayer center. Such tissue is usually used to mimic the wound healing process in vitro. We model the epithelial sheet as a layer of active viscous polar fluid. With an axisymmetric assumption, the model can be analytically solved under two special conditions, suggesting two possible spreading modes for the epithelial monolayer. Based on these two sets of analytical solutions, we assess the velocity of the spreading front affected by the gap size, the active intercellular contractility, and the purse-string contraction acting on the spreading edge. Several critical values exist in the model parameters for the initiation of the gap closure process, and the purse-string contraction plays a vital role in governing the gap closure kinetics. Finally, the instability of the morphology of the spreading front was studied. Numerical calculations show how the perturbated velocities and the growth rates vary with respect to different model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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35
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Staddon MF, Hernandez A, Bowick MJ, Moshe M, Marchetti MC. The role of non-affine deformations in the elastic behavior of the cellular vertex model. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3080-3091. [PMID: 37039037 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The vertex model of epithelia describes the apical surface of a tissue as a tiling of polygonal cells, with a mechanical energy governed by deviations in cell shape from preferred, or target, area, A0, and perimeter, P0. The model exhibits a rigidity transition driven by geometric incompatibility as tuned by the target shape index, . For with p*(6) the perimeter of a regular hexagon of unit area, a cell can simultaneously attain both the preferred area and preferred perimeter. As a result, the tissue is in a mechanically soft compatible state, with zero shear and Young's moduli. For p0 < p*(6), it is geometrically impossible for any cell to realize the preferred area and perimeter simultaneously, and the tissue is in an incompatible rigid solid state. Using a mean-field approach, we present a complete analytical calculation of the linear elastic moduli of an ordered vertex model. We analyze a relaxation step that includes non-affine deformations, leading to a softer response than previously reported. The origin of the vanishing shear and Young's moduli in the compatible state is the presence of zero-energy deformations of cell shape. The bulk modulus exhibits a jump discontinuity at the transition and can be lower in the rigid state than in the fluid-like state. The Poisson's ratio can become negative which lowers the bulk and Young's moduli. Our work provides a unified treatment of linear elasticity for the vertex model and demonstrates that this linear response is protocol-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Staddon
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arthur Hernandez
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Mark J Bowick
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Michael Moshe
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - M Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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36
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Xu H, Huo Y, Zhou Q, Wang LA, Cai P, Doss B, Huang C, Hsia KJ. Geometry-mediated bridging drives nonadhesive stripe wound healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221040120. [PMID: 37098071 PMCID: PMC10161107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing through reepithelialization of gaps is of profound importance to the medical community. One critical mechanism identified by researchers for closing non-cell-adhesive gaps is the accumulation of actin cables around concave edges and the resulting purse-string constriction. However, the studies to date have not separated the gap-edge curvature effect from the gap size effect. Here, we fabricate micropatterned hydrogel substrates with long, straight, and wavy non-cell-adhesive stripes of different gap widths to investigate the stripe edge curvature and stripe width effects on the reepithelialization of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Our results show that MDCK cell reepithelization is closely regulated by the gap geometry and may occur through different pathways. In addition to purse-string contraction, we identify gap bridging either via cell protrusion or by lamellipodium extension as critical cellular and molecular mechanisms for wavy gap closure. Cell migration in the direction perpendicular to wound front, sufficiently small gap size to allow bridging, and sufficiently high negative curvature at cell bridges for actin cable constriction are necessary/sufficient conditions for gap closure. Our experiments demonstrate that straight stripes rarely induce cell migration perpendicular to wound front, but wavy stripes do; cell protrusion and lamellipodia extension can help establish bridges over gaps of about five times the cell size, but not significantly beyond. Such discoveries deepen our understanding of mechanobiology of cell responses to curvature and help guide development of biophysical strategies for tissue repair, plastic surgery, and better wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Yucheng Huo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Quan Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Lianghao Abraham Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing211166, PR China
| | - Bryant Doss
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - K. Jimmy Hsia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
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Monfared S, Ravichandran G, Andrade J, Doostmohammadi A. Mechanical basis and topological routes to cell elimination. eLife 2023; 12:82435. [PMID: 37070647 PMCID: PMC10112887 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell layers eliminate unwanted cells through the extrusion process, which underlines healthy versus flawed tissue behaviors. Although several biochemical pathways have been identified, the underlying mechanical basis including the forces involved in cellular extrusion remains largely unexplored. Utilizing a phase-field model of a three-dimensional cell layer, we study the interplay of cell extrusion with cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions in a flat monolayer. Independent tuning of cell-cell versus cell-substrate adhesion forces reveals that extrusion events can be distinctly linked to defects in nematic and hexatic orders associated with cellular arrangements. Specifically, we show that by increasing relative cell-cell adhesion forces the cell monolayer can switch between the collective tendency towards fivefold, hexatic, disclinations relative to half-integer, nematic, defects for extruding a cell. We unify our findings by accessing three-dimensional mechanical stress fields to show that an extrusion event acts as a mechanism to relieve localized stress concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Monfared
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Guruswami Ravichandran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - José Andrade
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
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38
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Bai J, Zeng X. Computational modeling and simulation of epithelial wound closure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6265. [PMID: 37069231 PMCID: PMC10110613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in the epithelium may lead to serious injurious events or chronic inflammatory diseases, however, multicellular organisms have the ability to self-repair wounds through the movement of epithelial cell toward the wound area. Despite intensive studies exploring the mechanism of wound closure, the role of mechanics in epithelial wound closure is still not well explained. In order to investigate the role of mechanical properties on wound closure process, a three-dimensional continuum physics-based computational model is presented in this study. The model takes into account the material property of the epithelial cell, intercellular interactions between neighboring cells at cell-cell junctions, and cell-substrate adhesion between epithelial cells and ECM. Through finite element simulation, it is found that the closure efficiency is related to the initial gap size and the intensity of lamellipodial protrusion. It is also shown that cells at the wound edge undergo higher stress compared with other cells in the epithelial monolayer, and the cellular normal stress dominates over the cellular shear stress. The model presented in this study can be employed as a numerical tool to unravel the mechanical principles behind the complex wound closure process. These results might have the potential to improve effective wound management and optimize the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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39
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Fang C, Shao X, Tian Y, Chu Z, Lin Y. Size-dependent response of cells in epithelial tissue modulated by contractile stress fibers. Biophys J 2023; 122:1315-1324. [PMID: 36809876 PMCID: PMC10111366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cells with distinct apical areas have been widely observed in epithelial tissues, how the size of cells affects their behavior during tissue deformation and morphogenesis as well as key physical factors modulating such influence remains elusive. Here, we showed that the elongation of cells within the monolayer under anisotropic biaxial stretching increases with their size because the strain released by local cell rearrangement (i.e., T1 transition) is more significant for small cells that possess higher contractility. On the other hand, by incorporating the nucleation, peeling, merging, and breakage dynamics of subcellular stress fibers into classical vertex formulation, we found that stress fibers with orientations predominantly aligned with the main stretching direction will be formed at tricellular junctions, in good agreement with recent experiments. The contractile forces generated by stress fibers help cells to resist imposed stretching, reduce the occurrence of T1 transitions, and, consequently, modulate their size-dependent elongation. Our findings demonstrate that epithelial cells could utilize their size and internal structure to regulate their physical and related biological behaviors. The theoretical framework proposed here can also be extended to investigate the roles of cell geometry and intracellular contraction in processes such as collective cell migration and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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40
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Zhao P, Zhang Y, Chen X, Xu C, Guo J, Deng M, Qu X, Huang P, Feng Z, Zhang J. Versatile Hydrogel Dressing with Skin Adaptiveness and Mild Photothermal Antibacterial Activity for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus-Infected Dynamic Wound Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206585. [PMID: 36776018 PMCID: PMC10104652 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection often induces chronic repair of wound healing owing to aggravated inflammation. Hydrogel dressing exhibiting intrinsic antibacterial activity may substantially reduce the use of antibiotics for infected wound management. Hence, a versatile hydrogel dressing (rGB/QCS/PDA-PAM) exhibiting skin adaptiveness on dynamic wounds and mild photothermal antibacterial activity is developed for safe and efficient infected wound treatment. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized graphene (rGB) and oxadiazole-decorated quaternary carboxymethyl chitosan (QCS) are incorporated into a polydopamine-polyacrylamide (PDA-PAM) network with multiple covalent and noncovalent bonds, which conferred the hydrogel with flexible mechanical properties, strong tissue adhesion and excellent self-healing ability on the dynamic wounds. Moreover, the glycocalyx-mimicking phenylboronic acid on the surface of rGB enables the hydrogel to specifically capture bacteria. The enhanced membrane permeability of QCS enhanced bacterial vulnerability to photothermal therapy(PTT), which is demonstrated by efficient mild PTT antibacteria against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo at temperatures of <49.6 °C. Consequently, the hydrogel demonstrate accelerated tissue regeneration on MRSA-infected wound in vivo, with an intact epidermis, abundant collagen deposition and prominent angiogenesis. Therefore, rGB/QCS/PDA-PAM is a versatile hydrogel dressing exhibiting inherent antibacterial activity and has considerable potential in treating wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Xiaoai Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Meigui Deng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College236 Baidi Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Zujian Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College236 Baidi Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Jimin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional PolymersSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology5340 Xiping Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300130P. R. China
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41
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Boot RC, Roscani A, van Buren L, Maity S, Koenderink GH, Boukany PE. High-throughput mechanophenotyping of multicellular spheroids using a microfluidic micropipette aspiration chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1768-1778. [PMID: 36809459 PMCID: PMC10045894 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell spheroids are in vitro multicellular model systems that mimic the crowded micro-environment of biological tissues. Their mechanical characterization can provide valuable insights in how single-cell mechanics and cell-cell interactions control tissue mechanics and self-organization. However, most measurement techniques are limited to probing one spheroid at a time, require specialized equipment and are difficult to handle. Here, we developed a microfluidic chip that follows the concept of glass capillary micropipette aspiration in order to quantify the viscoelastic behavior of spheroids in an easy-to-handle, more high-throughput manner. Spheroids are loaded in parallel pockets via a gentle flow, after which spheroid tongues are aspirated into adjacent aspiration channels using hydrostatic pressure. After each experiment, the spheroids are easily removed from the chip by reversing the pressure and new spheroids can be injected. The presence of multiple pockets with a uniform aspiration pressure, combined with the ease to conduct successive experiments, allows for a high throughput of tens of spheroids per day. We demonstrate that the chip provides accurate deformation data when working at different aspiration pressures. Lastly, we measure the viscoelastic properties of spheroids made of different cell lines and show how these are consistent with previous studies using established experimental techniques. In summary, our chip provides a high-throughput way to measure the viscoelastic deformation behavior of cell spheroids, in order to mechanophenotype different tissue types and examine the link between cell-intrinsic properties and overall tissue behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Boot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessio Roscani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Lennard van Buren
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Samadarshi Maity
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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42
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Krommydas D, Carenza LN, Giomi L. Hydrodynamic Enhancement of p-atic Defect Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:098101. [PMID: 36930922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.098101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate numerically and analytically the effects of hydrodynamics on the dynamics of topological defects in p-atic liquid crystals, i.e., two-dimensional liquid crystals with p-fold rotational symmetry. Importantly, we find that hydrodynamics fuels a generic passive self-propulsion mechanism for defects of winding number s=(p-1)/p and arbitrary p. Strikingly, we discover that hydrodynamics always accelerates the annihilation dynamics of pairs of ±1/p defects and that, contrary to expectations, this effect increases with p. Our Letter paves the way toward understanding cell intercalation and other remodeling events in epithelial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Krommydas
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Livio Nicola Carenza
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luca Giomi
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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43
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Ai BQ, Ma J, Zeng CH, He YF. Emergence of macroscopic directional motion of deformable active cells in confined structures. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024406. [PMID: 36932507 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is now growing evidence of collective turbulentlike motion of cells in dense tissues. However, how to control and harness this collective motion is an open question. We investigate the transport of deformable active cells in a periodically asymmetric channel by using a phase-field model. We demonstrate that collective turbulent-like motion of cells can power and steer the macroscopic directional motion through the ratchet channel. The active intercellular forces proportional to the deformation of cells can break thermodynamical equilibrium and induce the directional motion. This directional motion is caused by the ratchet effect rather than the spontaneous symmetry breaking. The motion direction is determined by the asymmetry of the channel. Remarkably, there exits an optimal nonequilibrium driving (depending on the active strength, the elasticity, and the packing fraction) at which the average velocity reaches the maximum. In addition, the optimized packing fraction and the optimized minimum width of the channel can facilitate the directional motion of cells. Our findings are relevant to understanding how macroscopic directional motion relates to the local force transmission mediated by cell-cell contacts in cellular monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Quan Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ya-Feng He
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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44
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González I, Luzuriaga J, Valdivieso A, Candil M, Frutos J, López J, Hernández L, Rodríguez-Lorenzo L, Yagüe V, Blanco JL, Pinto A, Earl J. Low-intensity continuous ultrasound to inhibit cancer cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:842965. [PMID: 36712968 PMCID: PMC9877218 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been verified that collective cell migration is a fundamental step in tumor spreading and metastatic processes. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time how low-intensity ultrasound produces long-term inhibition of collective migration of epithelial cancer cells in wound healing processes. In particular, we show how pancreatic tumor cells, PANC-1, grown as monolayers in vitro respond to these waves at frequencies close to 1 MHz and low intensities (<100 mW cm-2) for 48-72 h of culture after some minutes of a single ultrasound irradiation. This new strategy opens a new line of action to block the spread of malignant cells in cancer processes. Despite relevant spatial variations of the acoustic pressure amplitude induced in the assay, the cells behave as a whole, showing a collective dynamic response to acoustic performance. Experiments carried out with samples without previous starving showed remarkable effects of the LICUs from the first hours of culture, more prominent than those with experiments with monolayers subjected to fasting prior to the experiments. This new strategy to control cell migration demonstrating the effectiveness of LICUS on not starved cells opens a new line of action to study effects of in vivo ultrasonic actuation on tumor tissues with malignant cells. This is a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the physical effects of ultrasound stimulation on tumor cell migration. An in-depth biological study of the effects of ultrasounds and underlying biological mechanisms is on-going but out of the scope of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar González
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Itziar González,
| | - Jon Luzuriaga
- Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alba Valdivieso
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Candil
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Frutos
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime López
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Yagüe
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid UPM, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Blanco
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid UPM, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pinto
- Group of Ultrasonic Resonators RESULT, Institute of Physical Technologies and Informacion, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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45
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Ko HS, Kim A, Wie JH, Yang DH, Kim SH, Jeong GJ, Hyun H, Shin JC, Chun HJ. Visible light-curable methacrylated glycol chitosan hydrogel patches for prenatal closure of fetal myelomeningocele. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120620. [PMID: 37028865 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared visible light-curable methacrylated glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogel patches for the prenatal treatment of fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) and investigated their feasibility using a retinoic acid-induced fetal MMC rat model. 4, 5, and 6 w/v% of MGC were selected as candidate precursor solutions, and photo-cured for 20 s, because the resulting hydrogels were found to possess concentration dependent tunable mechanical properties and structural morphologies. Moreover, these materials exhibited no foreign body reactions with good adhesive properties in animal studies. The inflammation scoring assessment in vivo exhibited the absence of foreign body reactions in MGC hydrogel treated lesion. The complete epithelial coverage of MMC was made with using 6 w/v% MGC hydrogel followed by well-organized granulation along with noticeable decrease of abortion rate and wound size that highlight the therapeutic potential for the prenatal treatment of fetal MMC.
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46
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Kumari P, Sharma S, Sharma PK, Alam A. Treatment Management of Diabetic Wounds Utilizing Herbalism: An Overview. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 19:92-108. [PMID: 35306989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220318095320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes Mellitus, commonly known as DM, is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by high blood glucose level, i.e., chronic hyperglycemia. If it is not managed properly, DM can lead to many severe complexities with time and can cause significant damage to the kidneys, heart, eyes, nerves and blood vessels. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of those major complexities which affect around 15-25% of the population diagnosed with diabetes. Due to diabetic conditions, the body's natural healing process slows down leading to longer duration for healing of wounds only when taken care of properly. Herbal therapies are one of the approaches for the management and care of diabetic foot ulcer, which utilizes the concept of synergism for better treatment options. With the recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology and natural drug therapy, a lot of opportunities can be seen in combining both technologies and moving towards a more advanced drug delivery system to overcome the limitations of polyherbal formulations. METHODS During the writing of this document, the data was derived from existing original research papers gathered from a variety of sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. CONCLUSION Hence, this review includes evidence about the current practices and future possibilities of nano-herbal formulation in treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, 201310, India
| | - Shaweta Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, 201310, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, 201310, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, 201310, India
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47
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Hutterer FP, Buchmann B, Engelbrecht LK, Bausch AR. Collective cell migration during human mammary gland organoid morphogenesis. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:041401. [PMID: 38505519 PMCID: PMC10903482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis is driven by cellular migration patterns, which become accessible for observation in organoid cultures. We demonstrate here that mammary gland organoids cultured from human primary cells, exhibit oscillatory and collective migration patterns during their development into highly branched structures, as well as persistent rotational motion within the developed alveoli. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, we observed cellular movement over the course of several days and subsequently characterized the underlying migration pattern by means of optical flow algorithms. Confined by the surrounding collagen matrix, characteristic correlated back-and-forth movements emerge due to a mismatch between branch invasion and cell migration speeds throughout the branch invasion phase. In contrast, alveolar cells exhibit continuous movement in the same direction. By modulating cell-cell adhesions, we identified collective migration as a prerequisite for sustaining these migration patterns both during the branching elongation process and after alveolus maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz P. Hutterer
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Center for Protein Assemplies (CPA) and Center of Organoid Systems (COS), Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Buchmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Center for Protein Assemplies (CPA) and Center of Organoid Systems (COS), Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa K. Engelbrecht
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Center for Protein Assemplies (CPA) and Center of Organoid Systems (COS), Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas R. Bausch
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Center for Protein Assemplies (CPA) and Center of Organoid Systems (COS), Technical University Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
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48
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Zhang YX, Liu CY, Chen HY, I L. Spontaneous multi-scale void formation and closure in densifying epithelial and fibroblast monolayers from the sub-confluent state. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:89. [PMID: 36346482 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using time-lapse phase contrast microscopy, the formation and closure of spontaneously generated voids in the densifying monolayers of isotropic epithelial cells (ECs) and elongated fibroblast cells (FCs) through proliferation from the sub-confluent state are investigated. It is found that, in both types of monolayers after forming a connected network composed of nematic patches with different orientations, numerous multi-scale voids can be spontaneously formed and gradually close with increasing time. The isotropic fluctuations of deformation and crawling of ECs and the anisotropic axial motion/alignment polarizations of FCs are the two keys leading to the following different generic dynamical behaviors. In EC monolayers, voids exhibit irregular boundary fluctuations and easier cell re-orientation of front layer cells (FLCs) surrounding void boundaries. Void closures are mainly through pinching the gap between the opposite fluctuating void boundaries, and the inward crawling of FLCs to reduce void area associated with topological rearrangement to reduce FLC number. In FC monolayers, large voids have piecewise smooth convex boundaries, and cusp-shaped concave boundaries with cells orienting toward the void at cusp tips. The extension of a thin cell bridge from the cusp tip can bisect a large void into smaller voids. For smaller FC voids dominated by convex boundaries, along which cell alignment prohibits inward crawling, the reduction of FLC number through successive outward squeezing of single FLCs by neighboring FLCs sliding along the void boundary plays an important role for topological rearrangement and void closure. Unlike those surrounding artificial wounds in dense EC monolayers, the absence of ring-like purse-strings surrounding EC and FC voids allows topological rearrangements for reducing void perimeter and void area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Lin I
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.
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Staddon MF, Murrell MP, Banerjee S. Interplay between substrate rigidity and tissue fluidity regulates cell monolayer spreading. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7877-7886. [PMID: 36205535 PMCID: PMC9700261 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated and cooperative motion of cells is essential for embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer invasion. A predictive understanding of the emergent mechanical behaviors in collective cell motion is challenging due to the complex interplay between cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix adhesions and active cell behaviors. To overcome this challenge, we develop a predictive cellular vertex model that can delineate the relative roles of substrate rigidity, tissue mechanics and active cell properties on the movement of cell collectives. We apply the model to the specific case of collective motion in cell aggregates as they spread into a two-dimensional cell monolayer adherent to a soft elastic matrix. Consistent with recent experiments, we find that substrate stiffness regulates the driving forces for the spreading of cellular monolayer, which can be pressure-driven or crawling-based depending on substrate rigidity. On soft substrates, cell monolayer spreading is driven by an active pressure due to the influx of cells coming from the aggregate, whereas on stiff substrates, cell spreading is driven primarily by active crawling forces. Our model predicts that cooperation of cell crawling and tissue pressure drives faster spreading, while the spreading rate is sensitive to the mechanical properties of the tissue. We find that solid tissues spread faster on stiff substrates, with spreading rate increasing with tissue tension. By contrast, the spreading of fluid tissues is independent of substrate stiffness and is slower than solid tissues. We compare our theoretical results with experimental results on traction force generation and spreading kinetics of cell monolayers, and provide new predictions on the role of tissue fluidity and substrate rigidity on collective cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Staddon
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
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Dawson JE, Sellmann T, Porath K, Bader R, van Rienen U, Appali R, Köhling R. Cell-cell interactions and fluctuations in the direction of motility promote directed migration of osteoblasts in direct current electrotaxis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:995326. [PMID: 36277406 PMCID: PMC9582662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.995326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under both physiological (development, regeneration) and pathological conditions (cancer metastasis), cells migrate while sensing environmental cues in the form of mechanical, chemical or electrical stimuli. In the case of bone tissue, osteoblast migration is essential in bone regeneration. Although it is known that osteoblasts respond to exogenous electric fields, the underlying mechanism of electrotactic collective movement of human osteoblasts is unclear. Here, we present a computational model that describes the osteoblast cell migration in a direct current electric field as the motion of a collection of active self-propelled particles and takes into account fluctuations in the direction of single-cell migration, finite-range cell-cell interactions, and the interaction of a cell with the external electric field. By comparing this model with in vitro experiments in which human primary osteoblasts are exposed to a direct current electric field of different field strengths, we show that cell-cell interactions and fluctuations in the migration direction promote anode-directed collective migration of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Edward Dawson
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Edward Dawson, ; Rüdiger Köhling,
| | - Tina Sellmann
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Biomechanics and Implant Research Lab, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Revathi Appali
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Edward Dawson, ; Rüdiger Köhling,
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