1
|
Sønderstrup M, Batiuk MY, Mantas P, Tapias-Espinosa C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Brudek T, Rydbirk R, Khodosevich K, Fernandez-Teruel A, Elfving B, Aznar S. A maturational shift in the frontal cortex synaptic transcriptional landscape underlies schizophrenia-relevant behavioural traits: A congenital rat model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:32-46. [PMID: 37263043 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of brain development early in life may underlie the neurobiology behind schizophrenia. We have reported more immature synaptic spines in the frontal cortex (FC) of adult Roman High-Avoidance (RHA-I) rats, a behavioural model displaying schizophrenia-like traits. Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis in the FC of 4 months old male RHA-I (n=8) and its counterpart, the Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA-I) (n=8). We identified 203 significant genes with overrepresentation of genes involved in synaptic function. Next, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for genes co-expressed during neurodevelopment. Gene networks were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of a transcriptomic dataset containing human FC during lifespan (n=269). Out of thirty-one functional gene networks, six were significantly enriched in the RHA-I. These were differentially regulated during infancy and enriched in biological ontologies related to myelination, synaptic function, and immune response. We validated differential gene expression in a new cohort of adolescent (<=2 months old) and young-adult (>=3 months old) RHA-I and RLA-I rats. The results confirmed overexpression of Gsn, Nt5cd1, Ppp1r1b, and Slc9a3r1 in young-adult RHA-I, while Cables1, a regulator of Cdk5 phosphorylation in actin regulation and involved in synaptic plasticity and maturation, was significantly downregulated in adolescent RHA-I. This age-related expression change was also observed for presynaptic components Snap25 and Snap29. Our results show a different maturational expression profile of synaptic components in the RHA-I strain, supporting a shift in FC maturation underlying schizophrenia-like behavioural traits and adding construct validity to this strain as a neurodevelopmental model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sønderstrup
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mykhailo Y Batiuk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Rydbirk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olmedo-Córdoba M, Moreno-Montoya M, Mora S, Prados-Pardo Á, Martín-González E. Avoidance and inhibitory control are possible transdiagnostic traits? A systematic review in animal models. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114500. [PMID: 37207979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In clinical research, aberrant avoidance behavior and inhibitory control deficit have a high comorbidity in different psychopathological disorders. Therefore, avoidance and impulsive and/or compulsive behaviors might be classified as transdiagnostic traits, where the assessment through animal models could address evidence of their contribution as neurobehavioral mechanisms in psychopathology. The objective of the present review has been to assess the avoidance trait and the implication of inhibitory control behaviors, through studies using passive and active avoidance tests in rodents, and a preclinical model using selective breeding of high- or low-avoidance Roman rats (RHA, RLA). A systematic search strategy was carried out in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, where a total of 40 studies were accepted in the qualitative synthesis. The results of the different studies reviewed pointed to a relation between a reduced avoidance profile in passive avoidance (PA) with impulsive decision making and novelty-seeking behaviors; an increased avoidance profile in PA with compulsive drinking; a high active avoidance profile, including RHA rats, with different types of impulsivity and novelty- seeking behaviors; and regarding compulsivity depending on its measure, a low active avoidance profile, including RLA rats, has been associated with increased anxiety in the EPM and increased grooming, while a high active avoidance profile, including RHA rats, has been associated with increased rearing, compulsive drinking including alcohol, and cognitive inflexibility. The results have been discussed in terms of environmental factors and the underlying mechanisms between these possible transdiagnostic traits in psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno-Montoya
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arrondeau C, Urueña-Méndez G, Bellés L, Marchessaux F, Goutaudier R, Ginovart N. Motor impulsivity but not risk-related impulsive choice is associated to drug intake and drug-primed relapse. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1200392. [PMID: 37333480 PMCID: PMC10275384 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice have been proposed as vulnerability factors for drug abuse, due to their high prevalence in drug abusers. However, how these two facets of impulsivity are associated to drug abuse remains unclear. Here, we investigated the predictive value of both motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice on characteristics of drug abuse including initiation and maintenance of drug use, motivation for the drug, extinction of drug-seeking behavior following drug discontinuation and, finally, propensity to relapse. Methods We used the Roman High- (RHA) and Low- Avoidance (RLA) rat lines, which display innate phenotypical differences in motor impulsivity, risk-related impulsive choice, and propensity to self-administer drugs. Individual levels of motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice were measured using the rat Gambling task. Then, rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.3 mg/kg/infusion; 14 days) to evaluate acquisition and maintenance of cocaine self-administration, after which motivation for cocaine was assessed using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Subsequently, rats were tested for their resistance to extinction, followed by cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatement sessions to evaluate relapse. Finally, we evaluated the effect of the dopamine stabilizer aripiprazole on reinstatement of drug-seeking behaviors. Results We found that motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice were positively correlated at baseline. Furthermore, innate high levels of motor impulsivity were associated with higher drug use and increased vulnerability to cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking. However, no relationships were observed between motor impulsivity and the motivation for the drug, extinction or cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking. High levels of risk-related impulsive choice were not associated to any aspects of drug abuse measured in our study. Additionally, aripiprazole similarly blocked cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking in both high- and low-impulsive animals, suggesting that aripiprazole acts as a D2/3R antagonist to prevent relapse independently of the levels of impulsivity and propensity to self-administer drugs. Discussion Altogether, our study highlights motor impulsivity as an important predictive factor for drug abuse and drug-primed relapse. On the other hand, the involvement of risk-related impulsive choice as a risk factor for drug abuse appears to be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Arrondeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ginna Urueña-Méndez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Bellés
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Marchessaux
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Goutaudier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martín-González E, Olmedo-Córdoba M, Prados-Pardo Á, Cruz-Garzón DJ, Flores P, Mora S, Moreno-Montoya M. Behavioral domains in compulsive rats: implications for understanding compulsive spectrum disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1175137. [PMID: 37273281 PMCID: PMC10234153 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1175137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Compulsive behavior has been proposed as a transdiagnostic trait observed in different neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) strategy could help to disentangle the neuropsychological basis of compulsivity for developing new therapeutic and preventive approaches. In preclinical research, the selection of high-drinker (HD) vs. low-drinker (LD) animals by schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) is considered a putative model of compulsivity, which includes a well-differentiated behavioral pattern. Methods The purpose of this research was to assess the cognitive control and the negative valence system domains in a phenotype of compulsive HD rats. After the selection of animals as HD or LD, we assessed behavioral inflexibility by probabilistic spatial reversal learning (PSRL), motor and cognitive impulsivity by variable delay-to-signal (VDS), and risky decision-making by rodent gambling task (rGT). Results HD rats performed fewer reversals and showed less probability of pressing the same lever that was previously reinforced on PSRL, more premature responses after the exposure to longer delays on VDS, and more disadvantageous risky choices on rGT. Moreover, HD animals performed more perseverative responses under the punishment period on rGT. Discussion These results highlight that HD compulsive phenotype exhibits behavioral inflexibility, insensitivity to positive feedback, waiting impulsivity, risky decision-making, and frustrative non-reward responsiveness. Moreover, these findings demonstrate the importance of mapping different behavioral domains to prevent, treat, and diagnose compulsive spectrum disorders correctly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Daniel J. Cruz-Garzón
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Neuroscience and Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margarita Moreno-Montoya
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Fernández-Teruel A. Neurobehavioral Profiles of Six Genetically-based Rat Models of Schizophrenia- related Symptoms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1934-1952. [PMID: 36809938 PMCID: PMC10514524 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221093644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with high heterogeneity in its symptoms clusters. The effectiveness of drug treatments for the disorder is far from satisfactory. It is widely accepted that research with valid animal models is essential if we aim at understanding its genetic/ neurobiological mechanisms and finding more effective treatments. The present article presents an overview of six genetically-based (selectively-bred) rat models/strains, which exhibit neurobehavioral schizophrenia-relevant features, i.e., the Apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rats, the Low-prepulse inhibition rats, the Brattleboro (BRAT) rats, the Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR), the Wisket rats and the Roman High-Avoidance (RHA) rats. Strikingly, all the strains display impairments in prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), which remarkably, in most cases are associated with novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, deficits of social behavior, impairment of latent inhibition and cognitive flexibility, or signs of impaired prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. However, only three of the strains share PPI deficits and dopaminergic (DAergic) psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion (together with prefrontal cortex dysfunction in two models, the APO-SUS and RHA), which points out that alterations of the mesolimbic DAergic circuit are a schizophrenia-linked trait that not all models reproduce, but it characterizes some strains that can be valid models of schizophrenia-relevant features and drug-addiction vulnerability (and thus, dual diagnosis). We conclude by putting the research based on these genetically-selected rat models in the context of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, suggesting that RDoC-oriented research programs using selectively-bred strains might help to accelerate progress in the various aspects of the schizophrenia-related research agenda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Melis MR, Sanna F, Argiolas A. Dopamine, Erectile Function and Male Sexual Behavior from the Past to the Present: A Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070826. [PMID: 35884633 PMCID: PMC9312911 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and recent studies show that dopamine through its neuronal systems and receptor subtypes plays different roles in the control of male sexual behavior. These studies show that (i) the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system plays a key role in the preparatory phase of sexual behavior, e.g., in sexual arousal, motivation and reward, whereas the nigrostriatal system controls the sensory-motor coordination necessary for copulation, (ii) the incertohypothalamic system is involved in the consummatory aspects of sexual behavior (penile erection and copulation), but evidence for its role in sexual motivation is also available, (iii) the pro-sexual effects of dopamine occur in concert with neural systems interconnecting the hypothalamus and preoptic area with the spinal cord, ventral tegmental area and other limbic brain areas and (iv) D2 and D4 receptors play a major role in the pro-sexual effects of dopamine. Despite some controversy, increases or decreases, respectively, of brain dopamine activity induced by drugs or that occur physiologically, usually improves or worsens, respectively, sexual activity. These findings suggest that an altered central dopaminergic tone plays a role in mental pathologies characterized by aberrant sexual behavior, and that pro-erectile D4 receptor agonists may be considered a new strategy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men.
Collapse
|
7
|
Martín-González E, Olmedo-Córdoba M, Prados-Pardo Á, Cruz-Garzón DJ, Flores P, Mora S, Moreno M. Socioemotional deficit and HPA axis time response in high compulsive rats selected by schedule-induced polydipsia. Horm Behav 2022; 142:105170. [PMID: 35367739 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity is a failure to stop an ongoing behavior that has become inappropriate to the situation and is recognized as a transdiagnostic trait present in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The implication of motivation and emotion, as well as the stress response in compulsive population has not been fully understood. We assessed the motivation to reward and cues, the emotional response in different contexts and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response in rats selected by a preclinical model of compulsive behavior. Firstly, high (HD) or low (LD) drinkers were selected according to their drinking behavior on schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). Then, we assessed motivation by the propensity to attribute incentive salience to rewards on Pavlovian Conditioned Approach (PavCA) and motivation to gain reward on Progressive Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement (PRSR). Emotion was measured by Social Dominance on the Tube Test (SDTT) and emotional memory on Passive Avoidance (PA). Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels in response to SIP were assessed. HD rats showed a socioemotional deficit by fewer victories on the SDTT, and an increased latency to enter the dark compartment on the PA. No differences were found between groups regarding to motivational assessment. Moreover, HD rats revealed a blunted time response in the increase of CORT levels at 45 min after SIP compared to LD rats. The findings show that the compulsive phenotype of HD rats exhibit less social dominance, more resistance to extinction and a differential CORT time response to SIP. These findings may contribute to highlight the relevance of assessing socioemotional behaviors and stress response for a better characterization of the vulnerability to compulsive spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Daniel J Cruz-Garzón
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernández-Teruel A, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Rio-Álamos C, Tapias-Espinosa C, Sampedro-Viana D, Sánchez-González A, Sanna F, Torrubia R, González-Maeso J, Driscoll P, Morón I, Torres C, Aznar S, Tobeña A, Corda MG, Giorgi O. Neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental profiles of a heuristic genetic model of differential schizophrenia- and addiction-relevant features: The RHA vs. RLA rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:597-617. [PMID: 34571119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Roman High- (RHA) and Low-(RLA) avoidance rat lines/strains were generated through bidirectional selective breeding for rapid (RHA) vs. extremely poor (RLA) two-way active avoidance acquisition. Compared with RLAs and other rat strains/stocks, RHAs are characterized by increased impulsivity, deficits in social behavior, novelty-induced hyper-locomotion, impaired attentional/cognitive abilities, vulnerability to psychostimulant sensitization and drug addiction. RHA rats also exhibit decreased function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, increased functional activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system and a dramatic deficit of central metabotropic glutamate-2 (mGlu2) receptors (due to a stop codon mutation at cysteine 407 in Grm2 -cys407*-), along with increased density of 5-HT2A receptors in the PFC, alterations of several synaptic markers and increased density of pyramidal "thin" (immature) dendrític spines in the PFC. These characteristics suggest an immature brain of RHA rats, and are reminiscent of schizophrenia features like hypofrontality and disruption of the excitation/inhibition cortical balance. RHA rats represent a promising heuristic model of neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-relevant features and comorbidity with drug addiction vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Centre of Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behaviour (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Susana Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carroll ME, Zlebnik NE, Holtz NA. Preference for Palatable Food, Impulsivity, and Relation to Drug Addiction in Rats. NEUROMETHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0924-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Early environmental enrichment and impoverishment differentially affect addiction-related behavioral traits, cocaine-taking, and dopamine D 2/3 receptor signaling in a rat model of vulnerability to drug abuse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3543-3557. [PMID: 34463825 PMCID: PMC8629910 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Risk factors for drug addiction include genetics, environment, and behavioral traits such as impulsivity and novelty preference (NP), which have been related to deficits in striatal dopamine (DA) D2/3-receptors (D2/3R) and heightened amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release. However, the influence of the early rearing environment on these behavioral and neurochemical variables is not clear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the influence of early rearing environment on striatal D2/3R availabilities and AMPH-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity, NP, and propensity to drug self-administration (SA) in "addiction-prone" Roman high- (RHA) and "addiction-resistant" Roman low-avoidance (RLA) rats. METHODS Animals were reared post-weaning in either environmental enrichment (EE) or impoverishment (EI) and were assessed at adulthood for impulsivity, NP, and propensity to cocaine SA. EE and EI rats were also scanned using single-photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release. RESULTS EE vs. EI was associated with heightened impulsivity and a lack of NP in both rat lines. Higher dorsal striatal D2/3R densities were found in RHA EE and higher AMPH-induced DA release in RLA EE. Both impulsivity and NP were negatively correlated to dorsal striatal D2/3R availabilities and positively correlated with AMPH-induced DA release in EI but not in EE. EE vs. EI was related to a faster rate of cocaine intake and elevated active timeout responses in RHAs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest non-monotonic, environment-dependent, relationships between impulsivity, NP, and D2/3R-mediated signaling, and suggest that EI vs. EE may decrease the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in predisposed individuals.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fuentes-Verdugo E, Pellón R, Papini MR, Torres C, Fernández-Teruel A, Anselme P. Effects of partial reinforcement on autoshaping in inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113111. [PMID: 32738315 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals trained under partial reinforcement (PR) typically show a greater resistance to extinction than individuals exposed to continuous reinforcement (CR). This phenomenon is referred to as the PR extinction effect (PREE) and is interpreted as a consequence of uncertainty-induced frustration counterconditioning. In this study, we assessed the effects of PR and CR in acquisition and extinction in two strains of rats, the inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA and RLA, respectively) rats. These two strains mainly differ in the expression of anxiety, the RLA rats showing more anxiety-related behaviors (hence, more sensitive to frustration) than the RHA rats. At a neurobiological level, mild stress is known to elevate corticosterone in RLA rats and dopamine in RHA rats. We tested four groups of rats (RHA/CR, RHA/PR, RLA/CR, and RLA/PR) in two successive acquisition-extinction phases to try to consolidate the behavioral effects. Animals received training in a Pavlovian autoshaping procedure with retractable levers as the conditioned stimulus, food pellets as the unconditioned stimulus, and lever presses as the conditioned response. In Phase 1, we observed a PREE in lever pressing in both strains, but this effect was larger and longer lasting in RHA/PR than in RLA/PR rats. In Phase 2, reacquisition was fast and the PREE persisted in both strains, although the two PR groups no longer differed in lever pressing. The results are discussed in terms of frustration theory and of uncertainty-induced sensitization of dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Pellón
- School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Patrick Anselme
- Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gondré-Lewis MC, Bassey R, Blum K. Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:164-188. [PMID: 32360413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mood disorders or with addiction, impulsivity and some personality disorders can share in common a dysfunction in how the brain perceives reward, where processing of natural endorphins or the response to exogenous dopamine stimulants is impaired. Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is a polygenic trait with implications that suggest cross-talk between different neurological systems that include the known reward pathway, neuroendocrine systems, and motivational systems. In this review we evaluate well-characterized animal models for their construct validity and as potential models for RDS. Animal models used to study substance use disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), early life stress, immune dysregulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compulsive gambling and compulsive eating disorders are discussed. These disorders recruit underlying reward deficiency mechanisms in multiple brain centers. Because of the widespread and remarkable array of associated/overlapping behavioral manifestations with a common root of hypodopaminergia, the basic endophenotype recognized as RDS is indeed likened to a behavioral octopus. We conclude this review with a look ahead on how these models can be used to investigate potential therapeutics that target the underlying common deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States.
| | - Rosemary Bassey
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Department of Science Education, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toward an assessment of escape/avoidance coping in depression. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Giorgi O, Corda MG, Fernández-Teruel A. A Genetic Model of Impulsivity, Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms With Translational Potential: The Roman High- vs. Low-Avoidance Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31333426 PMCID: PMC6624787 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two lines/strains that differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity, with RHA rats being less fearful than their RLA counterparts. Many other behavioral traits have been segregated along the selection procedure; thus, compared with their RLA counterparts, RHA rats behave as proactive copers in the face of aversive conditions, display a robust sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) profile, and show high impulsivity and an innate preference for natural and drug rewards. Impulsivity is a multifaceted behavioral trait and is generally defined as a tendency to express actions that are poorly conceived, premature, highly risky or inappropriate to the situation, that frequently lead to unpleasant consequences. High levels of impulsivity are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Herein, we review the behavioral and neurochemical differences between RHA and RLA rats and survey evidence that RHA rats represent a valid genetic model, with face, construct, and predictive validity, to investigate the neural underpinnings of behavioral disinhibition, novelty seeking, impulsivity, vulnerability to drug addiction as well as deficits in attentional processes, cognitive impairments and other schizophrenia-relevant traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Active avoidance learning differentially activates ERK phosphorylation in the primary auditory and visual cortices of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Sanna F, Poddighe L, Serra MP, Boi M, Bratzu J, Sanna F, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Melis MR, Argiolas A, Quartu M. c-Fos, ΔFosB, BDNF, trkB and Arc Expression in the Limbic System of Male Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats that Show Differences in Sexual Behavior: Effect of Sexual Activity. Neuroscience 2019; 396:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Rats selectively bred for showing divergent behavioral traits in response to stress or novelty or spontaneous yawning with a divergent frequency show similar changes in sexual behavior: the role of dopamine. Rev Neurosci 2018; 30:427-454. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual behavior plays a fundamental role for reproduction in mammals and other animal species. It is characterized by an anticipatory and a consummatory phase, and several copulatory parameters have been identified in each phase, mainly in rats. Sexual behavior varies significantly across rats even when they are of the same strain and reared under identical conditions. This review shows that rats of the same strain selectively bred for showing a divergent behavioral trait when exposed to stress or novelty (i.e. Roman high and low avoidance rats, bred for their different avoidance response to the shuttle box, and high and low novelty exploration responders rats, bred for their different exploratory response to a novel environment) or a spontaneous behavior with divergent frequency (i.e. low and high yawning frequency rats, bred for their divergent yawning frequency) show similar differences in sexual behavior, mainly in copulatory pattern, but also in sexual motivation. As shown by behavioral pharmacology and intracerebral microdialysis experiments carried out mainly in Roman rats, these sexual differences may be due to a more robust dopaminergic tone present in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of one of the two sub-lines (e.g. high avoidance, high novelty exploration, and low yawning rat sub-lines). Thus, differences in genotype and/or in prenatal/postnatal environment lead not only to individual differences in temperament and environmental/emotional reactivity but also in sexual behavior. Because of the highly conserved mechanisms controlling reproduction in mammals, this may occur not only in rats but also in humans.
Collapse
|
18
|
Merchán A, Mora S, Gago B, Rodriguez-Ortega E, Fernández-Teruel A, Puga JL, Sánchez-Santed F, Moreno M, Flores P. Excessive habit formation in schedule-induced polydipsia: Microstructural analysis of licking among rat strains and involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12489. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Merchán
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| | - S. Mora
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| | - B. Gago
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - E. Rodriguez-Ortega
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| | - A. Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine; Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. L. Puga
- UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - F. Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| | - M. Moreno
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| | - P. Flores
- Department of Psychology and CIAMBITAL; University of Almería & CeiA3; Almería Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giménez-Llort L, Guitart-Masip M, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A, Johansson B. Distinct phenotypes of spontaneous activity and induction of amphetamine sensitization in inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats: Vulnerability and protection. Neurosci Lett 2018. [PMID: 29522836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The psychogenetically selected Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats are being proposed as a valuable animal model of individual vulnerability to the two distinct neurobiological mechanisms of behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants, namely induction and expression. Most hallmarks of their divergent phenotypes are also found in the inbred RHA (RHA-I) and RLA (RLA-I) strains. For instance, they differ in the expression of sensitization to amphetamine. However, the pattern of spontaneous activity of the inbred rats seems to differ from that of outbred Roman strains. The present work shows the relevance of analyzing spontaneous activity as a covariant in order to determine the significance of day effect in the induction of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine (regime: 11 days, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the inbred strains and, for comparison, the standard low activity Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain. Our results also confirm that, in parallel to the outbred strains, only inbred RHA rats showed sensitization during the induction phase, here detectable from day 9 of treatment, while RLA-I and SD strains did not. Inbred RLA rats provide an interesting model to study individual resistance to sensitization, with nuances due to their underlying high spontaneous activity phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Guitart-Masip
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Fernández-Teruel
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Johansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Roman high- and low-avoidance rats differ in the sensitivity to shock-induced suppression of drinking and to the anxiogenic effect of pentylenetetrazole. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 167:29-35. [PMID: 29477747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) outbred rat lines are selected for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior. Emotional reactivity appears to be the most prominent behavioral difference between the two lines, with RLA rats being more fearful/anxious than their RHA counterparts. Accordingly, here we show that shock-induced inhibition of drinking behavior in the Vogel's test is significantly more pronounced in RLA than RHA rats. Thus, unpunished drinking activity is similar in both lines (38.1 ± 0.9 and 36.4 ± 0.6 licking periods/3 min in RLA and RHA rats, respectively), whereas under punished conditions (0.05-1.00 mA electric shocks delivered through the drinking tube) a more robust decrease in drinking behavior is observed in RLA vs. RHA rats. Moreover, fear-related behaviors like freezing and self-grooming are more frequent in RLA than RHA rats throughout the test. Similar results are obtained with the inbred RHA-I and RLA-I rats, which have been selected and bred through brother/sister mating of the outbred lines. In keeping with the above findings, we also show that, compared with their RHA counterparts, the outbred RLA rats are similarly responsive to the anticonflict effect of diazepam but more responsive to the proconflict effect of pentylenetetrazole in the Vogel's test. Collectively, these results reveal another behavioral trait distinguishing RHA from RLA rats and add experimental support to the view that the Roman lines/strains are a valid genetic model for the study of the neural underpinnings of fear/anxiety- and stress-related behaviors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Antinori S, Fattore L, Saba P, Fratta W, Gessa GL, Devoto P. Levodopa prevents the reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in rats via potentiation of dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex. Addict Biol 2018; 23:556-568. [PMID: 28429835 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists have been proposed as therapeutic tools for cocaine addiction. We have recently demonstrated that indirect dopamine agonists, including levodopa (L-DOPA), markedly increase cocaine-induced dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats leading to the suppression of cocaine-seeking behavior. This study was aimed to understand the behavioral and neurochemical effects of L-DOPA on cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking in rats. After reaching a stable pattern of intravenous cocaine self-administration under a continuous fixed ratio (FR-1) schedule of reinforcement, male rats were treated with L-DOPA at different steps of the self-administration protocol. We found that L-DOPA reduced cocaine self-administration under FR-1 schedule of reinforcement and decreased the breaking points and the amount of cocaine self-administered under the progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Levodopa also decreased cocaine-seeking behavior both in a saline substitution test and in the cue priming-induced reinstatement test, without affecting general motor activity. Importantly, L-DOPA greatly potentiated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the mPFC of self-administering rats while reducing their cocaine intake. In the same brain area, L-DOPA also increased dopamine levels during cue priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. The potentiating effect was also evident in the mPFC but not nucleus accumbens core of drug-naïve rats passively administered with cocaine. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that L-DOPA efficaciously reduces the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine likely potentiating dopamine transmission in the mPFC. Its ability to prevent cue priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking suggests that it might be effective in reducing the risk to relapse to cocaine in abstinent patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Antinori
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Walter Fratta
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Paola Devoto
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tournier BB, Dimiziani A, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Ginovart N. Different effects of chronic THC on the neuroadaptive response of dopamine D2/3 receptor-mediated signaling in roman high- and roman low-avoidance rats. Synapse 2018; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Tournier
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Andrea Dimiziani
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rosas M, Porru S, Sabariego M, Piludu MA, Giorgi O, Corda MG, Acquas E. Effects of morphine on place conditioning and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens of psychogenetically selected Roman low- and high-avoidance rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:59-69. [PMID: 28971231 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation is critical for neuronal and behavioural functions; in particular, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) expression in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of the rat is stimulated by addictive drugs with the exception of morphine, which decreases accumbal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. The psychogenetically selected Roman low- (RLA) and high-avoidance (RHA) rats differ behaviourally and neurochemically in many responses to addictive drugs. In particular, morphine elicits a greater increment in locomotor activity and in dopamine transmission in the Acb of RHA vs RLA rats. However, the effects of morphine on place conditioning (conditioned place preference (CPP)) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the Roman lines remain unknown. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To characterize in the Roman lines the reinforcing properties of morphine (i.e. morphine-elicited CPP acquisition) and the relationship between these properties and its effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the Acb, the behavioural effects of morphine were evaluated in a place-conditioning apparatus and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was assessed by immunohistochemistry in the shell and core subregions of the Acb of rats both acutely administered with morphine or undergoing conditioning. RESULTS Morphine elicited CPP in both Roman lines and decreased pERK1/2 expression in the Acb of RLA but not RHA rats. Such decrease was prevented by conditioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the selective breeding of the Roman lines has generated a divergence, in terms of morphine-elicited pERK1/2 expression but not of morphine-elicited CPP, between RLA and RHA rats and sustain the observation that changes in pERK1/2 expression in the Acb are not a requisite for the reinforcing effects of morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rosas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Porru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Sabariego
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Maria Antonietta Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy. .,Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Serra MP, Poddighe L, Boi M, Sanna F, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Quartu M. Expression of BDNF and trkB in the hippocampus of a rat genetic model of vulnerability (Roman low-avoidance) and resistance (Roman high-avoidance) to stress-induced depression. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00861. [PMID: 29075579 PMCID: PMC5651403 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selective breeding of Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid versus poor acquisition of the active avoidance response has generated two distinct phenotypes differing in many behavioral traits, including coping strategies to aversive conditions. Thus, RLA rats are considered as a genetic model of vulnerability to stress-induced depression whereas RHA rats are a model of resilience to that trait. Besides the monoamine hypothesis of depression, there is evidence that alterations in neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus and other brain areas are critically involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the basal immunochemical occurrence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity tyrosine-kinase receptor trkB in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of adult RHA and RLA rats. RESULTS WB analysis indicated that the optical density of BDNF- and trkB-positive bands in the dorsal hippocampus is, respectively, 48% and 25% lower in RLA versus RHA rats. Densitometric analysis of BDNF- and trkB-like immunoreactivity (LI) in brain sections showed that BDNF-LI is 24% to 34% lower in the different sectors of the Ammon's horn of RLA versus RHA rats, whereas line-related differences are observed in the dentate gyrus (DG) only in the ventral hippocampus. As for trkB-LI, significant differences are observed only in the dorsal hippocampus, where density is 23% lower in the DG of RLA versus RHA rats, while no differences across lines occur in the Ammon's horn. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that a reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in the hippocampus of RLA versus RHA rats may contribute to their more pronounced vulnerability to stress-induced depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - M Antonietta Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - M Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA) Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanna F, Bratzu J, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Melis MR, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Differences in Sexual Behavior between Roman High and Low Avoidance Male Rats: A Microdialysis Study in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28638325 PMCID: PMC5461293 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) outbred rats, which differ for a respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of the active avoidance response in the shuttle-box, display differences in sexual activity when put in the presence of a sexually receptive female rat. Indeed RHA rats show higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats, which persist also after repeated sexual activity. These differences have been correlated to a higher tone of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of RHA rats vs. RLA rats, revealed by the higher increase of dopamine found in the dialysate obtained from the nucleus accumbens of RHA than RLA rats during sexual activity. This work shows that extracellular dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) also, increase in the dialysate from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male RHA and RLA rats put in the presence of an inaccessible female rat and more markedly during direct sexual interaction. Such increases in dopamine (and its main metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC) and NA were found in both sexually naïve and experienced animals, but they were higher: (i) in RHA than in RLA rats; and (ii) in sexually experienced RHA and RLA rats than in their naïve counterparts. Finally, the differences in dopamine and NA in the mPFC occurred concomitantly to those in sexual activity, as RHA rats displayed higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats in both the sexually naïve and experienced conditions. These results suggest that a higher dopaminergic tone also occurs in the mPFC, together with an increased noradrenergic tone, which may be involved in the different copulatory patterns found in RHA and RLA rats, as suggested for the mesolimbic dopaminergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Bratzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria A Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria R Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari SectionCittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tryptophan depletion affects compulsive behaviour in rats: strain dependent effects and associated neuromechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1223-1236. [PMID: 28280881 PMCID: PMC5362668 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compulsive behaviour, present in different psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and drug abuse, is associated with altered levels of monoamines, particularly serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and its receptor system. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated whether 5-HT manipulation, through a tryptophan (TRP) depletion by diet in Wistar and Lister Hooded rats, modulates compulsive drinking in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) and locomotor activity in the open-field test. The levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and its metabolite were evaluated, as well as the 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptor binding, in different brain regions. METHODS Wistar rats were selected as high (HD) or low (LD) drinkers according to their SIP behaviour, while Lister hooded rats did not show SIP acquisition. Both strains were fed for 14 days with either a TRP-free diet (T-) or a TRP-supplemented diet (T+) RESULTS: The TRP depletion diet effectively reduced 5-HT levels in the frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus in both strains of rats. The TRP-depleted HD Wistar rats were more sensitive to 5-HT manipulation, exhibiting more licks on SIP than did the non-depleted HD Wistar rats, while the LD Wistar and the Lister Hooded rats did not exhibit differences in SIP. In contrast, the TRP-depleted Lister Hooded rats increased locomotor activity compared to the non-depleted rats, while no differences were found in the Wistar rats. Serotonin 2A receptor binding in the striatum was significantly reduced in the TRP-depleted HD Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations of the serotonergic system could be involved in compulsive behaviour in vulnerable populations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Inyang MP, Longinus OI. Awareness and Use of Psychoactive Substances Among Senior Secondary School Adolescents in Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-29387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
28
|
Genetic background and epigenetic modifications in the core of the nucleus accumbens predict addiction-like behavior in a rat model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2861-70. [PMID: 27114539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520491113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a demonstration in the rat of a clear genetic difference in the propensity for addiction-related behaviors following prolonged cocaine self-administration. It relies on the use of selectively bred high-responder (bHR) and low-responder (bLR) rat lines that differ in several characteristics associated with "temperament," including novelty-induced locomotion and impulsivity. We show that bHR rats exhibit behaviors reminiscent of human addiction, including persistent cocaine-seeking and increased reinstatement of cocaine seeking. To uncover potential underlying mechanisms of this differential vulnerability, we focused on the core of the nucleus accumbens and examined expression and epigenetic regulation of two transcripts previously implicated in bHR/bLR differences: fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2). Relative to bHRs, bLRs had lower FGF2 mRNA levels and increased association of a repressive mark on histones (H3K9me3) at the FGF2 promoter. These differences were apparent under basal conditions and persisted even following prolonged cocaine self-administration. In contrast, bHRs had lower D2 mRNA under basal conditions, with greater association of H3K9me3 at the D2 promoter and these differences were no longer apparent following prolonged cocaine self-administration. Correlational analyses indicate that the association of H3K9me3 at D2 may be a critical substrate underlying the propensity to relapse. These findings suggest that low D2 mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens core, likely mediated via epigenetic modifications, may render individuals more susceptible to cocaine addiction. In contrast, low FGF2 levels, which appear immutable even following prolonged cocaine exposure, may serve as a protective factor.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wiltshire T, Ervin RB, Duan H, Bogue MA, Zamboni WC, Cook S, Chung W, Zou F, Tarantino LM. Initial locomotor sensitivity to cocaine varies widely among inbred mouse strains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 14:271-80. [PMID: 25727211 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Initial sensitivity to psychostimulants can predict subsequent use and abuse in humans. Acute locomotor activation in response to psychostimulants is commonly used as an animal model of initial drug sensitivity and has been shown to have a substantial genetic component. Identifying the specific genetic differences that lead to phenotypic differences in initial drug sensitivity can advance our understanding of the processes that lead to addiction. Phenotyping inbred mouse strain panels are frequently used as a first step for studying the genetic architecture of complex traits. We assessed locomotor activation following a single, acute 20 mg/kg dose of cocaine (COC) in males from 45 inbred mouse strains and observed significant phenotypic variation across strains indicating a substantial genetic component. We also measured levels of COC, the active metabolite, norcocaine and the major inactive metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in plasma and brain in the same set of inbred strains. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and behavioral data were significantly correlated, but at a level that indicates that PK alone does not account for the behavioral differences observed across strains. Phenotypic data from this reference population of inbred strains can be utilized in studies aimed at examining the role of psychostimulant-induced locomotor activation on drug reward and reinforcement and to test theories about addiction processes. Moreover, these data serve as a starting point for identifying genes that alter sensitivity to the locomotor stimulatory effects of COC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wiltshire
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Devoto P, Fattore L, Antinori S, Saba P, Frau R, Fratta W, Gessa GL. Elevated dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex suppresses cocaine seeking via D1 receptor overstimulation. Addict Biol 2016; 21:61-71. [PMID: 25135633 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations indicate that the dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors disulfiram and nepicastat suppress cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine self-administration behaviour. Moreover, both inhibitors increase dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and markedly potentiate cocaine-induced dopamine release in this region. This study was aimed to clarify if the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors on cocaine reinstatement was mediated by the high extracellular dopamine in the rat mPFC leading to a supra-maximal stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal division of mPFC, an area critical for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. In line with previous microdialysis studies in drug-naïve animals, both DBH inhibitors potentiated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the mPFC, in the same animals in which they also suppressed reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Similar to the DBH inhibitors, L-DOPA potentiated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the mPFC and suppressed cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. The bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 into the dorsal mPFC not only prevented cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking but also reverted both disulfiram- and L-DOPA-induced suppression of reinstatement. Moreover, the bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor agonist chloro-APB (SKF 82958) into the dorsal mPFC markedly attenuated cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These results suggest that stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal mPFC plays a crucial role in cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, whereas the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors and L-DOPA on drug-induced reinstatement is mediated by a supra-maximal stimulation of D1 receptors leading to their inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Devoto
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
| | - Silvia Antinori
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Walter Fratta
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Norbury A, Husain M. Sensation-seeking: Dopaminergic modulation and risk for psychopathology. Behav Brain Res 2015; 288:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
The neurobiology of offensive aggression: Revealing a modular view. Physiol Behav 2015; 146:111-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
33
|
Abstract
Psychostimulants are a diverse group of substances that cause an increase in psychomotor activity at least in part through their actions on catecholaminergic systems including the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathways. Animal models used to study addiction are based on the psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. The basics of this theory are that the reinforcing effects and the addition liabilities of the drugs can be predicted from their ability to induce psychomotor activation. This approach focuses on the ability of the drugs to directly control the animal's behavior and to induce psychomotor stimulation, and is consistent with the behavioral definition of addiction and behavioral sensitization. Animal experiments have the advantage over clinical studies of lower variation and fewer confounding effects.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanna F, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Melis MR, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Involvement of dopamine in the differences in sexual behaviour between Roman high and low avoidance rats: An intracerebral microdialysis study. Behav Brain Res 2015; 281:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Giorgi O, Corda MG, Sabariego M, Giugliano V, Piludu MA, Rosas M, Acquas E. Differential effects of cocaine on extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in nuclei of the extended amygdala and prefrontal cortex of psychogenetically selected Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:714-21. [PMID: 25502299 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Roman high (RHA)- and low (RLA)-avoidance rats are selectively bred for rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidance, respectively, and differ markedly in emotional reactivity, coping style, and behavioral and neurochemical responses to morphine and psychostimulants. Accordingly, acute cocaine induces more robust increments in locomotion and dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) of RHA than of RLA rats. Cocaine induces short- and long-term neuronal plasticity via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. This study compares the effects of acute cocaine on ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in limbic brain areas of Roman rats. In RHA but not RLA rats, cocaine (5 mg/kg) increased pERK in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and AcbSh, two areas involved in its acute effects, but did not modify pERK in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex and Acb core, which mediate the chronic effects of cocaine. Moreover, cocaine failed to affect pERK immunolabeling in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis pars lateralis and central amygdala of either line but increased it in the basolateral amygdala of RLA rats. These results extend to pERK expression previous findings on the greater sensitivity to acute cocaine of RHA vs. RLA rats and confirm the notion that genetic factors influence the differential responses of the Roman lines to addictive drugs. Moreover, they support the view that the Roman lines are a useful tool to investigate the molecular underpinnings of individual vulnerability to drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dopamine is involved in the different patterns of copulatory behaviour of Roman high and low avoidance rats: Studies with apomorphine and haloperidol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
37
|
Srimontri P, Hirota H, Kanno H, Okada T, Hirabayashi Y, Kato K. Infusion of growth hormone into the hippocampus induces molecular and behavioral responses in mice. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2957-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Manzo L, Gómez MJ, Callejas-Aguilera JE, Donaire R, Sabariego M, Fernández-Teruel A, Cañete A, Blázquez G, Papini MR, Torres C. Relationship between ethanol preference and sensation/novelty seeking. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:53-60. [PMID: 24825783 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High- and low-avoidance Roman inbred rat strains (RHA-I, RLA-I) were selected for extreme differences in two-way active avoidance. RHA-I rats also express less anxiety than RLA-I rats. This study compared male Roman rats in ethanol preference and sensation/novelty seeking. Rats were first exposed in counterbalanced order to the hole-board test (forced exposure to novelty) and the Y-maze and emergence tests (free choice between novel and familiar locations). Then, rats were tested in 24-h, two-bottle preference tests with water in one bottle and ethanol (2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% in successive days). Compared to RLA-I rats, RHA-I rats showed (1) higher frequency and time in head dipping, (2) higher activity, and (3) lower frequency of rearing and grooming in the hole-board test, and (4) remained in the novel arm longer in the Y-maze test. No strain differences were observed in the emergence test. RHA-I rats exhibited higher preference for and consumed more ethanol than RLA-I rats at all concentrations. However, both strains preferred ethanol over water for 2-4% concentrations, but water over ethanol for 6-10% concentrations. Factorial analysis with all the rats pooled identified a two-factor solution, one grouping preferred ethanol concentrations (2-4%) with head dipping and grooming in the hole board, and another factor grouping the nonpreferred ethanol concentrations (6-10%) with activity in the hole board and novel-arm time in the Y-maze test. These results show that preference for ethanol is associated with different aspects of behavior measured in sensation/novelty-seeking tests.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Cocaine abuse has been associated with a number of psychiatric, medical and neurological complications. Here we report the case of a male patient who suffered an episode of severe muscular weakness after cocaine abuse.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen Y, Garcia GE, Huang W, Constantini S. The involvement of secondary neuronal damage in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders following brain insults. Front Neurol 2014; 5:22. [PMID: 24653712 PMCID: PMC3949352 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and affect the health of billions of people. Previous publications have demonstrated that neuropsychiatric disorders can cause histomorphological damage in particular regions of the brain. By using a clinical symptom-comparing approach, 55 neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms related usually to 14 types of acute and chronic brain insults were identified and categorized in the present study. Forty percent of the 55 neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms have been found to be commonly shared by the 14 brain insults. A meta-analysis supports existence of the same neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms in all brain insults. The results suggest that neuronal damage might be occurring in the same or similar regions or structures of the brain. Neuronal cell death, neural loss, and axonal degeneration in some parts of the brain (the limbic system, basal ganglia system, brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex) might be the histomorphological basis that is responsible for the neuropsychiatric symptom clusters. These morphological alterations may be the result of secondary neuronal damage (a cascade of progressive neural injury and neuronal cell death that is triggered by the initial insult). Secondary neuronal damage causes neuronal cell death and neural injury in not only the initial injured site but also remote brain regions. It may be a major contributor to subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders following brain insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- BrightstarTech Inc. , Clarksburg, MD , USA
| | - Gregory E Garcia
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground , Aberdeen, MD , USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sanna F, Corda MG, Melis MR, Piludu MA, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Male Roman high and low avoidance rats show different patterns of copulatory behaviour: Comparison with Sprague Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 127:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
42
|
Treesukosol Y, Boersma GJ, Oros H, Choi P, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. Similarities and differences between "proactive" and "passive" stress-coping rats in responses to sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine. Chem Senses 2014; 39:333-42. [PMID: 24510916 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A stress-coping style describes a set of behavioral and physiological measures that characterize an individual's response to stressful stimuli. It would follow that different stress-coping styles are associated with differential sensitivity for taste stimuli. Animals with stress-coping characteristics better suited to an environment in which new foods are more frequently encountered may show enhanced orosensitivity to cues that signal toxins and/or nutritional value. Here, rats were categorized as "proactive" or "passive" based on results from a defensive burying test. Next, the brief-access taste procedure was used to compare unconditioned licking responses to a concentration array of compounds that humans describe as "sweet" (sucrose), "salty" (NaCl), "sour" (citric acid), and "bitter" (quinine) across the 2 groups. Both groups displayed concentration-dependent lick responses to sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine. The passive group initiated significantly fewer trials to sucrose than the proactive rats, but the groups did not significantly differ in trial initiation for the other 3 test compounds. Thus, differences in food intake, body weight, and glucose homeostasis between the stress-coping styles are not likely driven by alterations in orosensory responsivity. However, the current findings lend support to the hypothesis that the 2 groups differ in reward-related signaling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 615, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Flores P, Sánchez-Kuhn A, Merchán A, Vilches O, García-Martín S, Moreno M. Schedule-Induced Polydipsia: Searching for the Endophenotype of Compulsive Behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2014.43029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Piras G, Piludu MA, Giorgi O, Corda MG. Effects of chronic antidepressant treatments in a putative genetic model of vulnerability (Roman low-avoidance rats) and resistance (Roman high-avoidance rats) to stress-induced depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:43-53. [PMID: 23896995 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Roman low- (RLA) and high-avoidance (RHA) rats were selectively bred for, respectively, poor versus rapid acquisition of active avoidance in a shuttle box and, under aversive conditions, display reactive (RLA) versus proactive (RHA) coping behaviors. In the forced swim test (FST), RLA rats exhibit a depression-like behavior characterized by greater immobility and fewer climbing counts when compared with their RHA counterparts. Furthermore, subacute treatments with clinically effective antidepressant drugs decrease immobility and increase climbing or swimming in RLA rats but do not modify the performance of RHA rats. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Because chronic treatment with antidepressants is usually required to produce clinical effects, the present study was designed to compare the behaviors of RLA and RHA rats in the FST after subacute (1 day) and chronic (15 days) administration of desipramine, fluoxetine, and chlorimipramine. RESULTS In RLA rats, subacute treatments with low doses of desipramine, fluoxetine, and chlorimipramine (2.5-5 mg/kg) were ineffective whereas chronic treatments with the same doses of all three antidepressants decreased immobility and also increased climbing (desipramine) or swimming (fluoxetine). By contrast, neither subacute nor chronic treatments with these antidepressants induced significant changes in the behavior of RHA rats in the FST. CONCLUSIONS RLA and RHA rats represent two divergent phenotypes, respectively susceptible and resistant to develop depression-like behavior under aversive environmental conditions that may be used to identify genetically determined neural substrates and mechanisms underlying vulnerability and resistance to stress-induced depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Corda MG, Piras G, Piludu MA, Giorgi O. Differential Effects of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption on Dopamine Output in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell of Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats: A Behavioral and Brain Microdialysis Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2014.43031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Río CD, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Genetic Rat Models of Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2014.43030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Initial d2 dopamine receptor sensitivity predicts cocaine sensitivity and reward in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78258. [PMID: 24223783 PMCID: PMC3817276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of dopamine receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system is known to be involved in the initiation and maintenance of cocaine use. Expression of the D2 dopamine receptor subtype has been implicated as both a predisposing factor and consequence of chronic cocaine use. It is unclear whether there is a predictive relationship between D2 dopamine receptor function and cocaine sensitivity that would enable cocaine abuse. Therefore, we exploited individual differences in behavioral responses to D2 dopamine receptor stimulation to test its relationship with cocaine-mediated behaviors. Outbred, male Sprague-Dawley rats were initially characterized by their locomotor responsiveness to the D2 dopamine receptor agonist, quinpirole, in a within-session ascending dose-response regimen (0, 0.1, 0.3 & 1.0 mg/kg, sc). Rats were classified as high or low quinpirole responders (HD2 and LD2, respectively) by a median split of their quinpirole-induced locomotor activity. Rats were subsequently tested for differences in the psychostimulant effects of cocaine by measuring changes in cocaine-induced locomotor activity (5 and 15 mg/kg, ip). Rats were also tested for differences in the development of conditioned place preference to a low dose of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg, ip) that does not reliably produce a cocaine conditioned place preference. Finally, rats were tested for acquisition of cocaine self-administration and maintenance responding on fixed ratio 1 and 5 schedules of reinforcement, respectively. Results demonstrate that HD2 rats have enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor stimulating properties of cocaine, display greater cocaine conditioned place preference, and self-administer more cocaine compared to LD2 animals. These findings suggest that individual differences in D2 dopamine receptor sensitivity may be predictive of cocaine sensitivity and reward.
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamamoto DJ, Nelson AM, Mandt BH, Larson GA, Rorabaugh JM, Ng CMC, Barcomb KM, Richards TL, Allen RM, Zahniser NR. Rats classified as low or high cocaine locomotor responders: a unique model involving striatal dopamine transporters that predicts cocaine addiction-like behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1738-53. [PMID: 23850581 PMCID: PMC3810384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences are a hallmark of drug addiction. Here, we describe a rat model based on differential initial responsiveness to low dose cocaine. Despite similar brain cocaine levels, individual outbred Sprague-Dawley rats exhibit markedly different magnitudes of acute cocaine-induced locomotor activity and, thereby, can be classified as low or high cocaine responders (LCRs or HCRs). LCRs and HCRs differ in drug-induced, but not novelty-associated, hyperactivity. LCRs have higher basal numbers of striatal dopamine transporters (DATs) than HCRs and exhibit marginal cocaine inhibition of in vivo DAT activity and cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA. Importantly, lower initial cocaine response predicts greater locomotor sensitization, conditioned place preference and greater motivation to self-administer cocaine following low dose acquisition. Further, outbred Long-Evans rats classified as LCRs, versus HCRs, are more sensitive to cocaine's discriminative stimulus effects. Overall, results to date with the LCR/HCR model underscore the contribution of striatal DATs to individual differences in initial cocaine responsiveness and the value of assessing the influence of initial drug response on subsequent expression of addiction-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dopamine agonist-induced penile erection and yawning: A comparative study in outbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 109:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
50
|
Moreno M, Economidou D, Mar AC, López-Granero C, Caprioli D, Theobald DE, Fernando A, Newman AH, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Divergent effects of D₂/₃ receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens core and shell on impulsivity and locomotor activity in high and low impulsive rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:19-30. [PMID: 23407782 PMCID: PMC3676742 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previously we demonstrated reduced D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of hyper-impulsive rats on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). However, the anatomical locus of D2/3 receptor dysfunction in high impulsive (HI) rats is unknown. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether D2/3 receptor dysfunction in HI rats is localised to the core or shell sub-regions of the nucleus accumbens (NAcb). METHODS Rats were selected for low (low impulsive, LI) and high impulsivity on the 5-CSRTT and implanted with guide cannulae targeting the NAcb core and shell. The D2/3 receptor agonist quinpirole was locally injected in the NAcb (0.1, 0.3 and 1 μg per infusion) and its effects investigated on the performance of LI and HI rats on the 5-CSRTT as well as spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field. RESULTS Intra-NAcb core quinpirole increased premature responding in HI rats but not in LI rats. In contrast, intra-NAcb shell quinpirole strongly increased locomotor activity in HI rats, unlike LI rats. This effect was blocked by intra-NAcb shell infusions of the D2/3 receptor antagonist nafadotride (0.03 μg). However, nafadotride was ineffective in blocking the effects of intra-NAcb core quinpirole on premature responding in HI rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that impulsivity and hyperactivity are separately regulated by core and shell sub-regions of the NAcb and that HI rats show an enhanced response to D2/3 receptor activation in these regions. These results suggest that the symptom clusters of hyperactivity and impulsivity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may be neurally dissociable at the level of the NAcb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - D. Economidou
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. C. Mar
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | | | - D. Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - D. E. Theobald
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. Fernando
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - T. W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|