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Rahmi U, Goenawan H, Sylviana N, Setiawan I, Putri ST, Andriyani S, Fitriana LA. Exercise induction at expression immediate early gene (c-Fos, ARC, EGR-1) in the hippocampus: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2024; 18:e20230015. [PMID: 38628561 PMCID: PMC11019719 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene exhibits activation markers in the nervous system consisting of ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos and is related to synaptic plasticity, especially in the hippocampus. Immediate early gene expression is affected by physical exercise, which induces direct ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos expression. Objective To assess the impact of exercise, we conducted a literature study to determine the expression levels of immediate early genes (ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1). Methods The databases accessed for online literature included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The original English articles were selected using the following keywords in the title: (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (c-Fos) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (ARC) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (EGR-1 OR zif268) AND (Hippocampus). Results Physical exercise can affect the expression of EGR-1, c-Fos, and ARC in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain involved in learning and memory. High-intensity physical exercise can increase c-Fos expression, indicating neural activation. Furthermore, the expression of the ARC gene also increases due to physical exercise. ARC is a gene that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory, changes in synaptic structure and increased synaptic connections, while EGR-1 also plays a role in synaptic plasticity, a genetic change that affects learning and memory. Overall, exercise or regular physical exercise can increase the expression of ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1 in the hippocampus. This reflects the changes in neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity that occur in response to physical activity. These changes can improve cognitive function, learning, and memory. Conclusion c-Fos, EGR-1, and ARC expression increases in hippocampal neurons after exercise, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis associated with learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upik Rahmi
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nova Sylviana
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Setiawan
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Medicine, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Suci Tuty Putri
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Septian Andriyani
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lisna Anisa Fitriana
- Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Nursing, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Sayson LV, Lee HJ, Ortiz DM, Kim M, Custodio RJP, Lee CH, Lee YS, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. The differential vulnerabilities of Per2 knockout mice to the addictive properties of methamphetamine and cocaine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110782. [PMID: 37141987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the pervasive occurrence of substance abuse worldwide, unraveling the neuropharmacology of drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants, is undeniably essential. Mice lacking Period 2 (Per2), a gene associated with the biological time-regulating system or circadian rhythm, have been proposed as a potential animal model for drug abuse vulnerability, demonstrating a greater preference for methamphetamine (METH) reward than wild-type (WT) mice. However, the responses of Per2 knockout (KO) mice to the reinforcing effects of METH or other psychostimulants are yet to be established. In this study, the responses of WT and Per2 KO mice to various psychostimulants via intravenous self-administration were determined, along with their behaviors in METH- or cocaine (COC)-induced conditioned place preference and spontaneous locomotion in the open-field test. Per2 KO mice exhibited greater addiction-like responses to METH and 5-EAPB (1-(1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-ethylpropan-2-amine), but their responses to COC and dimethocaine were comparable to WT mice, indicating a divergent influence of Per2 deficiency on abuse susceptibility to specific psychostimulants. To potentially define the underlying mechanism for this phenotype, 19 differentially expressed genes were identified, through RNA sequencing, which might respond specifically to repeated METH, but not COC, administration in the mouse striatum and were narrowed down to those previously associated with immediate early genes or synaptic plasticity. The correlation between locomotor activity and mRNA expression levels revealed a moderate correlation between METH-induced behavior and Arc or Junb expression in Per2 KO mice only, suggesting their essential role that may lead to the higher vulnerability of Per2 KO mice to METH, but not COC. These findings indicate a potentially unique effect of Per2 expression level on the involvement of Arc and Junb in determining specific vulnerabilities to drugs, and possibly including abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors - IfADo, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Ottonelli I, Sharma A, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Duskey JT, Vandelli MA, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Muresanu DF, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Zhang Z, Li C, Feng L, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Curcumin Attenuates Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity and Elevates Levels of Dopamine and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:385-416. [PMID: 37480467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant used as traditional medicine in China and India since ages to treat variety of inflammatory ailments as a food supplement. Curcumin has antitumor properties with neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Curcumin elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) levels in the brain indicating its role in substance abuse. Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most abused substances in the world that induces profound neurotoxicity by inducing breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema and cellular injuries. However, influence of curcumin on METH-induced neurotoxicity is still not well investigated. In this investigation, METH neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of curcumin nanodelivery were examined in a rat model. METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) neurotoxicity is evident 4 h after its administration exhibiting breakdown of BBB to Evans blue albumin in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus associated with vasogenic brain edema as seen measured using water content in all these regions. Nissl attaining exhibited profound neuronal injuries in the regions of BBB damage. Normal curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min after METH administration was able to reduce BBB breakdown and brain edema partially in some of the above brain regions. However, TiO2 nanowired delivery of curcumin (25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated brain edema, neuronal injuries and the BBB leakage in all the brain areas. BDNF level showed a significant higher level in METH-treated rats as compared to saline-treated METH group. Significantly enhanced DA levels in METH-treated rats were also observed with nanowired delivery of curcumin. Normal curcumin was able to slightly elevate DA and BDNF levels in the selected brain regions. Taken together, our observations are the first to show that nanodelivery of curcumin induces superior neuroprotection in METH neurotoxicity probable by enhancing BDNF and DA levels in the brain, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ottonelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnosis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gallo FT, Katche C, Morici JF, Medina JH, Weisstaub NV. Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:79. [PMID: 29755331 PMCID: PMC5932360 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However, memory deficits have been in many cases undervalued compared with other characteristics. The expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) such as, c-fos, Egr1 and arc are selectively and promptly upregulated in learning and memory among neuronal subpopulations in regions associated with these processes. Changes in expression in these genes have been observed in recognition, working and fear related memories across the brain. Despite the enormous amount of data supporting changes in their expression during learning and memory and the importance of those cognitive processes in psychiatric conditions, there are very few studies analyzing the direct implication of the IEGs in mental illnesses. In this review, we discuss the role of some of the most relevant IEGs in relation with memory processes affected in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Katche
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Morici
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia V Weisstaub
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pastuzyn ED, Shepherd JD. Activity-Dependent Arc Expression and Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity Are Altered in Neurons from a Mouse Model of Angelman Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:234. [PMID: 28804447 PMCID: PMC5532393 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from deletions or mutations in chromosome 15, which usually includes the UBE3A gene. Ube3A protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates proteins and targets them for degradation. The immediate-early gene Arc, a master regulator of synaptic plasticity, was identified as a putative substrate of Ube3A, but there have been conflicting reports on whether Arc is a bona fide E3 ligase substrate. Using multiple approaches, we found no evidence for a physical interaction between Arc and Ube3A in vivo. Nonetheless, activity-induced subcellular distribution of Arc is altered in brains from Ube3am-/p+ mice, with abnormal concentration of Arc at synapses. Furthermore, although activation of Arc transcription is normal, the stability of Arc protein is enhanced in dendrites of hippocampal neurons cultured from Ube3am-/p+ mice. Finally, homeostatic synaptic scaling of surface AMPA receptors does not occur in Ube3am-/p+ hippocampal neurons, reminiscent of neurons that lack Arc protein. Although Ube3A does not seem to bind Arc in a canonical E3 ligase-substrate interaction, Arc-dependent synaptic plasticity is still altered in Ube3am-/p+ mice, which may underlie the cognitive deficits observed in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa D Pastuzyn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jason D Shepherd
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, United States
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