1
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Huang X, Xiao Y, Jing D, Huang Y, Yang S, Huang Z, Yang G, Duan Y, He M, Su J, Chen M, Chen X, Shen M. Arsenic exposure and pruritus: Evidence from observational, interventional, and mendelian randomization studies. Allergy 2023; 78:1585-1594. [PMID: 37129453 DOI: 10.1111/all.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is identified as an adverse drug reaction to arsenic trioxide, but the association of arsenic exposure with pruritus has not been investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shimen, China. A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to confirm the causal relationship between genetically predicted percentages of monomethylated arsenic (MMA%) and dimethylated arsenic (DMA%) in urine with chronic pruritus in UK Biobank. A case-control study was then conducted to determine the biomarker for pruritus. Arsenite-treated mice were used to confirm the biomarker, and von Frey test was used to induce scratching bouts. Last, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to test the efficacy of naloxone in arsenic-exposed patients with pruritus in Shimen. RESULTS Hair arsenic (μg/g) showed a dose-response relationship with the intensity of itch in 1079 participants, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.11 for moderate-to-severe itch (p = 0.012). The Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed the causal relationship, with ORs of 1.043 for MMA% (p = 0.029) and 0.904 for DMA% (p = 0.077) above versus under median. Serum β-endorphin was identified as a significant biomarker for the intensity of itch (p < 0.001). Consistently, treatment with arsenite upregulated the level of β-endorphin (p = 0.002) and induced scratching bouts (p < 0.001) in mice. The randomized controlled trial in 126 participants showed that treatment with sublingual naloxone significantly relieved the intensity of itch in arsenic-exposed participants in 2 weeks (β = -0.98, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Arsenic exposure is associated with pruritus, and β-endorphin serves as a biomarker of pruritus. Naloxone relieves pruritus in patients with arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuzhou Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songchun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Tongji School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Sebold M, Garbusow M, Cerci D, Chen K, Sommer C, Huys QJM, Nebe S, Rapp M, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Walter H, Heinz A, Friedel E. Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:566-578. [PMID: 33726538 PMCID: PMC8155738 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. METHODS Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects (N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. RESULTS In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. CONCLUSION These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Cerci
- Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie,
Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Quentin JM Huys
- Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational
Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Economics, University of
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Technical University of Dresden,
Dresden, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine and
Psychotherapy, kbo Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
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3
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Improving translation of animal models of addiction and relapse by reverse translation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:625-643. [PMID: 33024318 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking, intermittent drug access, choice between drug and non-drug rewards, and assessment of individual differences based on criteria in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Combined with new technologies, these models advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms of drug self-administration and relapse, but these mechanistic gains have not led to improvements in addiction treatment. This problem is not unique to addiction neuroscience, but it is an increasing source of disappointment and calls to regroup. Here we first summarize behavioural and neurobiological results from the animal models mentioned above. We then propose a reverse translational approach, whose goal is to develop models that mimic successful treatments: opioid agonist maintenance, contingency management and the community-reinforcement approach. These reverse-translated 'treatments' may provide an ecologically relevant platform from which to discover new circuits, test new medications and improve translation.
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4
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An analysis of the effect of mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) promoter region DNA methylation on the response of naltrexone treatment of alcohol dependence. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:672-680. [PMID: 32029903 PMCID: PMC7415483 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of OPRM1 promoter region DNA methylation on the outcome of treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) for alcohol dependence (AD). Ninety-three patients with DSM-IV AD [41 African Americans (AAs) and 52 European Americans (EAs)] received double-blind treatment with NTX or placebo for at least three months. Relapse to heavy drinking was assessed during the first 13 weeks of the trial. Peripheral blood methylation levels of 33 CpG units in the OPRM1 promoter region were quantified using Sequenom EpiTYPER technology. Bayesian logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of NTX treatment, CpG methylation, CpG methylation×NTX treatment, and age on AD relapse. The Random Forest machine learning algorithm was applied to select AD relapse predictors. No significant effect of individual OPRM1 promoter CpG units on AD relapse was observed in either AAs or EAs. Age was significantly associated with AD relapse in EAs, among whom older subjects had a lower relapse rate. Random forest analyses revealed that the prediction rate for AD relapse reached 66.0% with five top variables (age and four CpG units; ranked by their importance to AD relapse) in the prediction model. These findings suggest that methylation levels of individual OPRM1 promoter CpG units do not contribute significantly to inter-individual variation in NTX response. However, the age of subjects in combination with a cluster of specific OPRM1 promoter CpG units may affect NTX treatment outcome. Additional studies of OPRM1 DNA methylation changes during and after NTX treatment of AD are needed.
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5
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Lim AC, Ghahremani DG, Grodin EN, Green R, Bujarski S, Hartwell EE, Courtney KE, Hutchison K, Miotto K, Ray LA. Neuroimaging findings from an experimental pharmacology trial of naltrexone in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 200:181-190. [PMID: 31160146 PMCID: PMC6760244 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite known genetic variation across races, studies examining pharmacogenetics of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on clinical response to naltrexone have been conducted in predominantly Caucasian samples. Evidence is mixed for pharmacogenetic OPRM1 and naltrexone effects on neural responses to alcohol cues. The current study tests the pharmacogenetic effects of naltrexone and OPRM1 on neural responses to alcohol taste cues in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent. METHODS Participants (N = 41) completed two double-blinded and counterbalanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions: one after taking naltrexone (50 mg/day) for four days and one after taking placebo for four days. Following titration, participants completed an fMRI alcohol taste-cues task. Analyses tested effects of naltrexone, OPRM1, and their interaction in whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses of functional activation and functional connectivity in response to alcohol versus water taste cues. RESULTS We found no effects of naltrexone orOPRM1 on neural activation in whole-brain and ROI analyses, which included left and right ventral striatum (VS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Naltrexone increased functional connectivity between left VS and clusters in medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as right VS and occipital cortex, compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone treatment enhanced functional connectivity in a key reinforcement-related pathway during alcohol versus water taste cues, corroborating neuroimaging work with other substances. Null medication and pharmacogenetics effects on functional activation add to a mixed naltrexone literature and may underscore the modest size of these effects in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dara G Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily E Hartwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E Courtney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karen Miotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Hartwell EE, Kranzler HR. Pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorder treatments: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:553-564. [PMID: 31162983 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1628218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent; costly economically, socially, and interpersonally; and grossly undertreated. The low rate of utilization of medications with demonstrated (albeit modest) efficacy is particularly noteworthy. One approach to increasing the utility and safety of available medications is to use a precision medicine approach, which seeks to identify patients for whom specific medications are likely to be most efficacious and have the fewest adverse effects. Areas Covered: We review the literature on the pharmacogenetics of AUD treatment using both approved and off-label medications. We cover both laboratory studies and clinical trials, highlighting valuable mechanistic insights and underscoring the potential value of precision-based care for AUD. Expert Opinion: Pharmacotherapy can be a useful component of AUD treatment. Currently, the evidence regarding genetic predictors of medication efficacy is very limited. Thus, a precision medicine approach is not yet ready for widespread clinical implementation. Further research is needed to identify candidate genetic variants that moderate the response to both established and novel medications. The growing availability of large-scale, longitudinal datasets that enable the synthesis of genetic and electronic health record data provides important opportunities to develop this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Hartwell
- a Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center , Crescenz VAMC , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- a Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center , Crescenz VAMC , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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7
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Cannella N, Ubaldi M, Masi A, Bramucci M, Roberto M, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Building better strategies to develop new medications in Alcohol Use Disorder: Learning from past success and failure to shape a brighter future. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:384-398. [PMID: 31112713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease that develops over the years. The complexity of the neurobiological processes contributing to the emergence of AUD and the neuroadaptive changes occurring during disease progression make it difficult to improve treatments. On the other hand, this complexity offers researchers the possibility to explore new targets. Over years of intense research several molecules were tested in AUD; in most cases, despite promising preclinical data, the clinical efficacy appeared insufficient to justify futher development. A prototypical example is that of corticotropin releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1R) antagonists that showed significant effectiveness in animal models of AUD but were largely ineffective in humans. The present article attempts to analyze the most recent venues in the development of new medications in AUD with a focus on the most promising drug targets under current exploration. Moreover, we delineate the importance of using a more integrated translational framework approach to correlate preclinical findings and early clinical data to enhance the probability to validate biological targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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8
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Henderson-Redmond AN, Lowe TE, Tian XB, Morgan DJ. Increased ethanol drinking in "humanized" mice expressing the mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism are mediated through sex-specific mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2018; 138:12-19. [PMID: 28780411 PMCID: PMC5796878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) has been implicated in mediating the rewarding effects of alcohol. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that the G allele may confer a genetic vulnerability to alcohol dependence, though it remains unknown whether these effects are sex-specific. We used male and female mice homozygous for the "humanized" 118AA or 118GG alleles to determine whether the A118G SNP potentiates ethanol consumption in a sex-specific manner in both the two-bottle choice and drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigms. Mice were also assessed for differences in naltrexone sensitivity, ethanol reward assessed via conditioned place preference (CPP), and sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol using the rota-rod and loss of righting reflex (LORR) assays. We found that male and female 118GG mice drank significantly more ethanol than 118AA littermates using a continuous access, two-bottle choice paradigm. In the limited-access DID drinking model, (i) female (but not male) 118GG mice consumed more ethanol than 118AA mice and (ii) naltrexone pretreatment was equally efficacious at attenuating ethanol intake in both 118AA and 118GG female mice while having no effect in males. Male and female 118GG and female 118AA mice developed a robust conditioned place preference (CPP) for ethanol. Female 118GG mice displayed less sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol compared to female 118AA mice on both the rota-rod and the LORR assays while male mice did not differ in their responses on either assay. Our findings suggest that increased ethanol consumption in male 118GG mice may be due to increased ethanol reward, while increased drinking in female 118GG mice might be due to decreased sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol. Collectively, these data might be used to help identify sex-specific pharmacotherapies to combat alcohol use disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking/genetics
- Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology
- Alleles
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Choice Behavior/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Ethanol/blood
- Female
- Genotype
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Quinine/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reflex/drug effects
- Reflex/genetics
- Reward
- Self Administration
- Self Stimulation
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Henderson-Redmond
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Tammy E Lowe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Benedict College, Columbia, SC 29204, United States
| | - Xi B Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
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9
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Giuliano C, Peña-Oliver Y, Goodlett CR, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET, Belin D, Everitt BJ. Evidence for a Long-Lasting Compulsive Alcohol Seeking Phenotype in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:728-738. [PMID: 28553834 PMCID: PMC5809777 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive drinking to intoxication is the major behavioral characteristic of those addicted to alcohol but it is not the only one. Indeed, individuals addicted to alcohol also crave alcoholic beverages and spend time and put much effort into compulsively seeking alcohol, before eventually drinking large amounts. Unlike this excessive drinking, for which treatments exist, compulsive alcohol seeking is therefore another key feature of the persistence of alcohol addiction since it leads to relapse and for which there are few effective treatments. Here we provide novel evidence for the existence in rats of an individual vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive, punishment-resistant alcohol seeking. Alcohol-preferring rats given access to alcohol under an intermittent 2-bottle choice procedure to establish their alcohol-preferring phenotype were subsequently trained instrumentally to seek and take alcohol on a chained schedule of reinforcement. When stable seeking-taking performance had been established, completion of cycles of seeking responses resulted unpredictably either in punishment (0.45 mA foot-shock) or the opportunity to make a taking response for access to alcohol. Compulsive alcohol seeking, maintained in the face of the risk of punishment, emerged in only a subset of rats with a predisposition to prefer and drink alcohol, and was maintained for almost a year. We show further that a selective and potent μ-opioid receptor antagonist (GSK1521498) reduced both alcohol seeking and alcohol intake in compulsive and non-compulsive rats, indicating its therapeutic potential to promote abstinence and prevent relapse in individuals addicted to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuliano
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK, Tel: +44 0 1223 765292, Fax: +44 0 1223 333564, E-mail:
| | - Yolanda Peña-Oliver
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Clinical Unit Cambridge and Academic DPU, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Belin
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ray LA, Green R, Roche DJ, Bujarski S, Hartwell EE, Lim AC, Rohrbaugh T, Ghahremani D, Hutchison K, Miotto K. Pharmacogenetic Effects of Naltrexone in Individuals of East Asian Descent: Human Laboratory Findings from a Randomized Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:613-623. [PMID: 29265379 PMCID: PMC6086578 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the endogenous opioid system has been identified as 1 potential source of individual variability in naltrexone treatment outcomes. The majority of naltrexone pharmacogenetic studies have focused on a particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1; rs1799971; commonly known as the Asn40Asp SNP) in Caucasian samples with decidedly mixed results. The goal of this study was to test the pharmacogenetic effects of naltrexone on subjective response to alcohol and self-administration of alcohol in individuals of East Asian descent. We hypothesized that naltrexone, compared with placebo, would potentiate the aversive and sedative effects of alcohol and reduce alcohol self-administration to a greater extent in Asp40 carriers. METHODS Participants (N = 77; Asn40Asn, n = 29; Asn40Asp, n = 34, and Asp40Asp, n = 14) completed 2 double-blinded and counterbalanced experimental sessions: one after taking naltrexone (50 mg/d) for 5 days and one after taking matched placebo for 5 days. In each experimental session, participants received a priming dose of intravenous alcohol up to the breath alcohol concentration target of 0.06 g/dl which was immediately followed by an alcohol self-administration period (1 hour). RESULTS There were no pharmacogenetic effects observed for alcohol-induced stimulation, sedation, craving for alcohol, or alcohol self-administration in the laboratory. During the self-administration period, Asp40 carriers consumed fewer drinks and had a longer latency to first drink as compared to Asn40 homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These findings in East Asians add to the mixed literature on naltrexone pharmacogenetics from predominantly Caucasian samples and highlight the complexity of these effects and their overall limited replicability. It is plausible that a consistent pharmacogenetic effect in tightly controlled preclinical and experimental medicine models "fades" in more complex and heterogeneous settings and samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J.O. Roche
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Rohrbaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dara Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karen Miotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Alblooshi H, Hulse G, Osman W, El Kashef A, Shawky M, Al Ghaferi H, Al Safar H, Tay GK. The frequency of DRD2 rs1076560 and OPRM1 rs1799971 in substance use disorder patients from the United Arab Emirates. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2018; 17:22. [PMID: 29881439 PMCID: PMC5984335 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic and opioid systems are involved in mediating drug reward and reinforcement of various types of substances including psychoactive compounds. Genes of both systems have been candidate for investigation for associations with substance use disorder (SUD) in various populations. This study is the first study to determine the allele frequency and the genetic association of the DRD2 rs1076560 SNP and OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP variants in clinically diagnosed patients with SUD from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A cross-sectional case-control cohort that consisted of 512 male subjects was studied. Two hundred and fifty patients with SUD receiving treatment at the UAE National Rehabilitation Center were compared to 262 controls with no prior history of mental health and SUD. DNA from each subject was extracted and genotyped using the TaqMan ® SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS There were no significant associations observed for DRD2 rs1076560 SNP, OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP, and combined genotypes of both SNPs in the SUD group. CONCLUSION Further research is required with refinements to the criteria of the clinical phenotypes. Genetic studies have to be expanded to include other variants of the gene, the interaction with other genes, and possible epigenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- 1School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia
| | - Gary Hulse
- 2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Wael Osman
- 4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mansour Shawky
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Al Ghaferi
- United Arab Emirates National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- 4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,6Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- 2School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia.,3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia.,4Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, PO Box 1227788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,6Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Predictors of Naltrexone Response in a Randomized Trial: Reward-Related Brain Activation, OPRM1 Genotype, and Smoking Status. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2640-2653. [PMID: 28409564 PMCID: PMC5686497 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Naltrexone reduces drinking among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but it is not effective for everyone. Variability in its effects on reward-related brain activation, genetic variation, and/or cigarette smoking may account for this mixed response profile. This randomized clinical trial tested the effects of naltrexone on drinking and alcohol cue-elicited brain activation, evaluated whether OPRM1 A118G genotype or smoking moderated these effects, and explored whether the effects of medication on cue-elicited activation predicted subsequent drinking. One hundred and fifty-two treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol dependence, half preselected to carry at least one A118G G (Asp) allele, were randomized to naltrexone (50 mg) or placebo for 16 weeks and administered an fMRI alcohol cue reactivity task at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment. Naltrexone, relative to placebo, significantly reduced alcohol cue-elicited activation of the right ventral striatum (VS) between baseline and week 2 and reduced heavy drinking over 16 weeks. OPRM1 genotype did not significantly moderate these effects, but G-allele carriers who received naltrexone had an accelerated return to heavy drinking after medication was stopped. Smoking moderated the effects of medication on drinking, such that naltrexone was superior to placebo only among smokers. The degree of reduction in right VS activation between scans interacted with medication in predicting subsequent drinking, such that individuals with greater reduction in activation who received naltrexone, but not placebo, experienced the least heavy drinking during the following 14 weeks. These data replicate previous findings that naltrexone reduces heavy drinking and reward-related brain activation among treatment-seeking individuals with AUDs, and indicate that smoking and the magnitude of reduction in cue-elicited brain activation may predict treatment response.
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13
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Kong X, Deng H, Gong S, Alston T, Kong Y, Wang J. Lack of associations of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with alcohol dependence: review and meta-analysis of retrospective controlled studies. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:120. [PMID: 29070014 PMCID: PMC5657079 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have sought associations of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with alcohol-dependence, but findings are inconsistent. We summarize the information as to associations of rs1799971 (A > G) and the alcohol-dependence. Methods Systematically, we reviewed related literatures using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched using select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms to identify all researches focusing on the present topic up to September 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) along with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated in allele model, homozygote model, heterozygote model, dominant model and recessive model. Ethnicity-specific subgroup-analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity description, and publication-bias assessment were also analyzed. Results There were 17 studies, including 9613 patients in the present meta-analysis. The ORs in the 5 genetic-models were 1.037 (95% CI: 0.890, 1.210; p = 0.64), 1.074 (95% CI: 0.831, 1.387; p = 0.586), 1.155 (95% CI: 0.935, 1.427; p = 0.181), 1.261 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.578; p = 0.042), 0.968 (95% CI: 0.758, 1.236; p = 0.793), respectively. An association is significant in the dominant model, but there is no statistical significance upon ethnicity-specific subgroup analysis. Conclusion The rs1799971 (A > G) is not strongly associated with alcohol-dependence. However, there are study heterogeneities and limited sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyangqu, Panjiayuan, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shun Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Theodore Alston
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA
| | - Yanguo Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA.
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Rinker JA, Mulholland PJ. Promising pharmacogenetic targets for treating alcohol use disorder: evidence from preclinical models. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:555-570. [PMID: 28346058 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic variants contribute to risk factors for developing an alcohol use disorder, and polymorphisms may inform precision medicine strategies for treating alcohol addiction. Targeting genetic mutations linked to alcohol phenotypes has provided promising initial evidence for reducing relapse rates in alcoholics. Although successful in some studies, there are conflicting findings and the reports of adverse effects may ultimately limit their clinical utility, suggesting that novel pharmacogenetic targets are necessary to advance precision medicine approaches. Here, we describe promising novel genetic variants derived from preclinical models of alcohol consumption and dependence that may uncover disease mechanisms that drive uncontrolled drinking and identify novel pharmacogenetic targets that facilitate therapeutic intervention for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick J Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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