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Sreeja V, Jose A, Patel S, Menon B, Athira KV, Chakravarty S. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI): A serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-based approach. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105672. [PMID: 38157886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are considered to be the most common cause of disability worldwide. Serotonin and its transporter is a prominent paradigm in mood disorders. Response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is altered due to heterogeneity in the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4). The reported polymorphisms are found to be in different regions of the transporter gene: promoter region (5-HTTLPR and various single nucleotide polymorphisms within it), intron (STin2), and exon 9 (I425V). The long and short alleles of the 5-HTTLPR gene, which are prevalent among variations, may mediate differential effects. In long allelic variant carriers, an increased response to SSRI and timely recovery is due to increased availability of SERT. Whereas, SERT availability is significantly decreased in short allelic carriers, necessitating a reduction in SSRI dosage due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions. Thus, pharmacogenetic investigations are required to understand the impact of functional variations on the efficacy and tolerability of SSRI. Identifying the carrier variants may aid in clear-decision making of the treatment regimen, aiding the approach of personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sreeja
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - K V Athira
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Gafarov VV, Gromova EA, Gubina MA, Gagulin IV, Maksimov VN, Gafarova AV. [The association of polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 with depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:135-139. [PMID: 38465822 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124021135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of polymorphic variants of the SLC6A4 gene with depression among people aged 25-44 years in Novosibirsk. MATERIAL AND METHODS Under the WHO program «MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY)», a random representative sample of people aged 25-44 years from the population of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk (men n=725, mean age 43.4±0.4 years, response - 71.3%, women n=710, mean age 44.8±0.4 years, response - 72%). Depression was assessed using the MONICA-MOPSY psychosocial questionnaire. Every fourth respondent was examined for polymorphic variants of 5HTTLPR-VNTR SNP rs25531 A>G of the SLC6A4 gene. The study was carried out within the framework of the budget topic Reg. No. 122031700094-5. RESULTS The high level of depression among people aged 25-44 was 12.8% (for men 9.1%, for women - 15.92%); the average level of depression occurred in 24.5% of the population (among men in 21.24%, among women in 26.76%) (χ2=17.071, df=2, p<0.001). The most common genotype of the SLC6A4 gene, among people aged 25--4 years old in Novosibirsk, was SLA - 43.29%, LALA - 26.53% - in second place, SS - 17.87% - third, LALG - 6 genotypes were less represented genotypes. 74%, SLG - 4.18%, LGLG - 1.39%. Carrying the SLA genotype (53.3% and 63.6%) increased the chance of developing both the average level of depression by 2.359 (95% CI 1.278-4.355) times, and depression in general by 1.933 (95% CI 1.142-3.271) times, compared with persons carrying the LALA genotype (32.0% and 46.9%), (χ2=7.674, df=1, p<0.01 and χ2=6.095, df=1, p<0.05). Persons carrying the LALG genotype (54.5%) also had a higher chance of developing a mean level of depression RR=2.929 (95% CI 1.039-8.261), compared with carriers of the LALA genotype (32.0%) (χ2=4.326, df =1, p<0.05) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Associative links between polymorphic variants of the SLC6A4 gene and depression have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Gafarov
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Gromova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Gubina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Gagulin
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V N Maksimov
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Gafarova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Marson F, Zampieri M, Verdone L, Bacalini MG, Ravaioli F, Morandi L, Chiarella SG, Vetriani V, Venditti S, Caserta M, Raffone A, Dotan Ben-Soussan T, Reale A. Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) is associated with DNA methylation changes at DNA repeats: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293199. [PMID: 37878626 PMCID: PMC10599555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of non-coding repeated DNA by DNA methylation plays an important role in genomic stability, contributing to health and healthy aging. Mind-body practices can elicit psychophysical wellbeing via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. However, in this context the effects of movement meditations have rarely been examined. Consequently, the current study investigates the effects of a specifically structured movement meditation, called the Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) on psychophysical wellbeing and on the methylation level of repeated sequences. An 8-week daily QMT program was administered to healthy women aged 40-60 years and compared with a passive control group matched for gender and age. Psychological well-being was assessed within both groups by using self-reporting scales, including the Meaning in Life Questionnaire [MLQ] and Psychological Wellbeing Scale [PWB]). DNA methylation profiles of repeated sequences (ribosomal DNA, LINE-1 and Alu) were determined in saliva samples by deep-sequencing. In contrast to controls, the QMT group exhibited increased Search for Meaning, decreased Presence of Meaning and increased Positive Relations, suggesting that QMT may lessen the automatic patterns of thinking. In the QMT group, we also found site-specific significant methylation variations in ribosomal DNA and LINE-1 repeats, consistent with increased genome stability. Finally, the correlations found between changes in methylation and psychometric indices (MLQ and PWB) suggest that the observed epigenetic and psychological changes are interrelated. Collectively, the current results indicate that QMT may improve psychophysical health trajectories by influencing the DNA methylation of specific repetitive sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marson
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Fondazione Patrizio Paoletti, Assisi, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Verdone
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- Brain Aging Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- Dep. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Dep. of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gaetano Chiarella
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Cognition (ISTC), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Vetriani
- Dept. of Biology and biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Venditti
- Dept. of Biology and biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Caserta
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Fondazione Patrizio Paoletti, Assisi, Italy
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Yuan M, Yang B, Rothschild G, Mann JJ, Sanford LD, Tang X, Huang C, Wang C, Zhang W. Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:309. [PMID: 37644009 PMCID: PMC10465587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30-40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Meyer K, Hindi Attar C, Fiebig J, Stamm T, Bassett TR, Bauer M, Dannlowski U, Ethofer T, Falkenberg I, Jansen A, Juckel G, Kircher T, Mulert C, Leicht G, Rau A, Rauh J, Ritter D, Ritter P, Trost S, Vogelbacher C, Walter H, Wolter S, Hautzinger M, Bermpohl F. Daring to Feel: Emotion-Focused Psychotherapy Increases Amygdala Activation and Connectivity in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder-A Randomized Controlled Trial. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:750-759. [PMID: 36898634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bipolar disorder (BD), the alternation of extreme mood states indicates deficits in emotion processing, accompanied by aberrant neural function of the emotion network. The present study investigated the effects of an emotion-centered psychotherapeutic intervention on amygdala responsivity and connectivity during emotional face processing in BD. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial within the multicentric BipoLife project, euthymic patients with BD received one of two interventions over 6 months: an unstructured, emotion-focused intervention (FEST), where patients were guided to adequately perceive and label their emotions (n = 28), or a specific, structured, cognitive behavioral intervention (SEKT) (n = 31). Before and after interventions, functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted while patients completed an emotional face-matching paradigm (final functional magnetic resonance imaging sample of patients completing both measurements: SEKT, n = 17; FEST, n = 17). Healthy control subjects (n = 32) were scanned twice after the same interval without receiving any intervention. Given the focus of FEST on emotion processing, we expected FEST to strengthen amygdala activation and connectivity. RESULTS Clinically, both interventions stabilized patients' euthymic states in terms of affective symptoms. At the neural level, FEST versus SEKT increased amygdala activation and amygdala-insula connectivity at postintervention relative to preintervention time point. In FEST, the increase in amygdala activation was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (r = 0.72) 6 months after intervention. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced activation and functional connectivity of the amygdala after FEST versus SEKT may represent a neural marker of improved emotion processing, supporting the FEST intervention as an effective tool in relapse prevention in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Fiebig
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Tyler R Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Clinic for Radiology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rau
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Trost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Universitäre Altersmedizin FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vogelbacher
- Translational Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Wolter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kim HJ, Bang M, Park CI, Lee SH. Altered DNA Methylation of the Serotonin Transporter Gene Associated with Early Life Stress and White Matter Microalterations in Korean Patients with Panic Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:210-219. [PMID: 37231896 DOI: 10.1159/000530313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in the DNA methylation of 5-HTTLPR are associated with the pathophysiology of panic disorder (PD). This study was conducted to investigate the association between stressful life events and the level of 5-HTTLPR methylation in patients with PD. We also examined whether these factors were associated with white matter alterations in psychological trauma-related regions. METHODS The participants comprised 232 patients with PD and 93 healthy adults of Korean descent. DNA methylation levels of five cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the 5-HTTLPR region were analyzed. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data was performed within the trauma-related regions. RESULTS PD patients showed significantly lower levels of the DNA methylation at 5-HTTLPR 5 CpG sites than healthy controls. In patients with PD, the DNA methylation levels at 5-HTTLPR 5 CpG sites showed significant negative association with the parental separation-related psychological distress, and positive correlations with the fractional anisotropy values of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) which might be related to trait anxiety. CONCLUSION Early life stress was significantly associated with DNA methylation levels at 5-HTTLPR related to the decreased white matter integrity in the SLF region in PD. Decreased white matter connectivity in the SLF might be related to trait anxiety and is vital to the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Saeliw T, Kanlayaprasit S, Thongkorn S, Songsritaya K, Sanannam B, Sae-Lee C, Jindatip D, Hu VW, Sarachana T. Epigenetic Gene-Regulatory Loci in Alu Elements Associated with Autism Susceptibility in the Prefrontal Cortex of ASD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087518. [PMID: 37108679 PMCID: PMC10139202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alu elements are transposable elements that can influence gene regulation through several mechanisms; nevertheless, it remains unclear whether dysregulation of Alu elements contributes to the neuropathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we characterized transposable element expression profiles and their sequence characteristics in the prefrontal cortex tissues of ASD and unaffected individuals using RNA-sequencing data. Our results showed that most of the differentially expressed transposable elements belong to the Alu family, with 659 loci of Alu elements corresponding to 456 differentially expressed genes in the prefrontal cortex of ASD individuals. We predicted cis- and trans-regulation of Alu elements to host/distant genes by conducting correlation analyses. The expression level of Alu elements correlated significantly with 133 host genes (cis-regulation, adjusted p < 0.05) associated with ASD as well as the cell survival and cell death of neuronal cells. Transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of differentially expressed Alu elements are conserved and associated with autism candidate genes, including RORA. COBRA analyses of postmortem brain tissues showed significant hypomethylation in global methylation analyses of Alu elements in ASD subphenotypes as well as DNA methylation of Alu elements located near the RNF-135 gene (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that neuronal cell density, which was significantly increased (p = 0.042), correlated with the expression of genes associated with Alu elements in the prefrontal cortex of ASD. Finally, we determined a relationship between these findings and the ASD severity (i.e., ADI-R scores) of individuals with ASD. Our findings provide a better understanding of the impact of Alu elements on gene regulation and molecular neuropathology in the brain tissues of ASD individuals, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Saeliw
- The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Songphon Kanlayaprasit
- Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surangrat Thongkorn
- The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kwanjira Songsritaya
- The M.Sc. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bumpenporn Sanannam
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanachai Sae-Lee
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Valerie W Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Tewarit Sarachana
- Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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8
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López-Echeverri YP, Cardona-Londoño KJ, Garcia-Aguirre JF, Orrego-Cardozo M. Effects of serotonin transporter and receptor polymorphisms on depression. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:130-138. [PMID: 37453823 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin is highly implicated in the regulation of emotional state and the execution of cognitive tasks, so much so that the serotonin transporter genes (5-HTT, SLC6A4) and the serotonin receptor genes (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A) have become the perfect candidates when studying the effects that these genes and their polymorphic variations have on depression characteristics. OBJECTIVE A review of research reports that have studied the effects of variations in the serotonin transporter and receptor genes on different clinical features of depression. METHODS A search of the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords ("depression" AND "polymorphism"). CONCLUSIONS According to the review of 54 articles, the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was found to be the most reported risk factor related to the development of depression and its severity. Variations in the genes studied (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR2A) can generate morphological alterations of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yéssica P López-Echeverri
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Kelly J Cardona-Londoño
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Jhonny F Garcia-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Mary Orrego-Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.
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Lintas C, Cassano I, Azzarà A, Stigliano MG, Gregorj C, Sacco R, Stoccoro A, Coppedè F, Gurrieri F. Maternal Epigenetic Dysregulation as a Possible Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030585. [PMID: 36980856 PMCID: PMC10048308 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders and are considered multifactorial diseases with both genetic and environmental components. Epigenetic dysregulation driven by adverse environmental factors has recently been documented in neurodevelopmental disorders as the possible etiological agent for their onset. However, most studies have focused on the epigenomes of the probands rather than on a possible epigenetic dysregulation arising in their mothers and influencing neurodevelopment during pregnancy. The aim of this research was to analyze the methylation profile of four well-known genes involved in neurodevelopment (BDNF, RELN, MTHFR and HTR1A) in the mothers of forty-five age-matched AS (Asperger Syndrome), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and typically developing children. We found a significant increase of methylation at the promoter of the RELN and HTR1A genes in AS mothers compared to ADHD and healthy control mothers. For the MTHFR gene, promoter methylation was significantly higher in AS mothers compared to healthy control mothers only. The observed dysregulation in AS mothers could potentially contribute to the affected condition in their children deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-225419174
| | - Ilaria Cassano
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Azzarà
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Stigliano
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Gregorj
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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10
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He Q, Lian C, Peng S, Chen H, Kang Q, Chen J. Hypermethylation of the serotonin transporter gene and paternal parenting styles in untreated anorexia nervosa patients: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12635. [PMID: 36747546 PMCID: PMC9898629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been reported that serotonergic systems and parenting styles are involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study made attempts to examine the DNA methylation profiles in the promoter region of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) encoding gene SLC6A4, and explore the association between the methylation level and severity of symptoms, 5-HTT linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes and parenting styles in untreated Chinese Han AN patients. Methods Ninety-one untreated female AN patients (ANs) and eighty-seven matched healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed for DNA methylation status at CpG islands in the promoter region of SLC6A4 using MassARRY EpiTYPER, and genotypes of 5-HTTLPR using PCR-RFLP. The severity of eating disorder (ED) symptoms was evaluated by body mass index (BMI) and Questionnaire Version of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE-Q 6.0), and part of participants were assessed parenting styles using the short Chinese Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostra (s-EMBU-C). Results ANs had greater methylation levels at CpG26.27.28, CpG 31.32, and CpG 37 than HCs (P = 0.039, 0.042, 0.018 respectively). A positive association of methylation level at CpG26.27.28 with ED symptoms detected by EDEQ-6.0 was discovered in AN group (r = 0.216, P = 0.047). Methylation level at CpG26.27.28 was showed to be or tend to be positively correlated with the parenting styles of paternal rejection (r = 0.425, P = 0.038) and paternal overprotection (r = 0.362, P = 0.062) in ANs. No significant differences were found in SLC6A4 promoter region methylation levels among 5-HTTLPR genotypes in our samples (P > 0.05) and no interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and parenting styles on SLC6A4 promoter region methylation was observed (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that hypermethylation of SLC6A4 promoter region may be implicated in the pathological mechanisms of untreated Chinese Han female ANs, which is possibly associated with poor parenting styles. This finding may provide a direction for the epigenetic and family treatments for ANs and further investigation with larger samples is warranted.
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Staes N, Guevara EE, Hopkins WD, Schapiro SJ, Eens M, Sherwood CC, Bradley BJ. The Role of Serotonergic Gene Methylation in Regulating Anxiety-Related Personality Traits in Chimpanzees. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1673. [PMID: 36421387 PMCID: PMC9687614 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While low serotonergic activity is often associated with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, mood, and personality disorders, variations in serotonin also contribute to normal personality differences. In this study, we investigated the role of blood DNA methylation levels at individual CpG sites of two key serotonergic genes (serotonin receptor gene 1A, HTR1A; serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4) in predicting the personalities of captive chimpanzees. We found associations between methylation at 9/48 CpG sites with four personality dimensions: Dominance, Reactivity/Dependability, Agreeableness, and Openness. Directionality of effects were CpG location-dependent and confirmed a role of serotonergic methylation in reducing anxiety (Dominance) and aggression-related personality (Reactivity/Undependability) while simultaneously promoting prosocial (Agreeableness) and exploratory personalities (Openness). Although early-life adversity has been shown to impact serotonergic methylation patterns in other species, here, atypical early social rearing experiences only had a modest impact on CpG methylation levels in this chimpanzee sample. The precise environmental factors impacting serotonergic methylation in chimpanzees remain to be identified. Nevertheless, our study suggests a role in shaping natural variation in animal personalities. The results of this study offer a basis for future hypothesis-driven testing in additional populations and species to better understand the impact of ecology and evolution on complex behavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Staes
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elaine E. Guevara
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Steven J. Schapiro
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Brenda J. Bradley
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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12
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Richardson B, MacPherson A, Bambico F. Neuroinflammation and neuroprogression in depression: Effects of alternative drug treatments. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Jungilligens J, Popkirov S, Perez DL, Diez I. Linking gene expression patterns and brain morphometry to trauma and symptom severity in patients with functional seizures. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 326:111533. [PMID: 36055038 PMCID: PMC9968826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Within stress-diathesis models, adverse life experiences (ALEs) increase the susceptibility to functional neurological symptoms through neuroplasticity effects. We aimed to characterize potential genetic influences on this relationship in 20 patients with functional seizures. Questionnaires, structural MRIs and Allen Human Brain Atlas gene expression information were used to probe the intersection of symptom severity (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire, SDQ-20), ALE burden, and gray matter volumes. SDQ-20 scores positively correlated with sexual trauma, emotional neglect, and threat to life experiences. Higher SDQ-20 scores related to lower bilateral insula, left orbitofrontal, right amygdala, and perigenual/posterior cingulate volumes. Higher sexual trauma burden correlated with lower right posterior insula and putamen volumes; higher emotional neglect related to lower bilateral insula/right amygdala volumes. Findings in left insula/ventral precentral gyrus (SDQ-20), right insula/putamen (sexual trauma), and right amygdala (emotional neglect) held when controlling for comorbid psychopathology. At the intersection of symptom severity and sexual trauma volumetric findings, genes overrepresented in adrenergic, serotonergic, and oxytocin receptor signaling as well as in cortical and amygdala development were spatially correlated. In conclusion, ALEs and symptom severity were associated with gray matter volumes in cingulo-insular and amygdala areas, spatially overlapping with expression patterns of genes involved in stress-related signaling and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Jungilligens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Functional Neurological Disorder Unit, Division of Cognitive Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Stoyan Popkirov
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - David L Perez
- Functional Neurological Disorder Unit, Division of Cognitive Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ibai Diez
- Functional Neurological Disorder Unit, Division of Cognitive Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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14
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Zou Z, Xiang M, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang J, He Y, Min W, Zhou B. Associations of DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes and neuroendocrine abnormalities in panic disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105777. [PMID: 35504198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of aberrant DNA methylation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related genes (CRHR1, CRHR2, CRH, FKBP5, HSP90AA1, NR3C1, and POMC) in panic disorder (PD) development. We investigated the correlation among gene methylation levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and PD severity in patients. METHODS We compared the methylation levels of HPA axis-related genes between 178 patients with PD and 184 healthy controls using MethylTarget. We then measured ACTH and cortisol levels using chemiluminescence. Disease severity was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with PD displayed significantly higher levels of ACTH and cortisol, and significantly reduced methylation levels of CRHR1, FKBP5, HSP90AA1, and NR3C1 after correcting for multiple testing using the false discovery method. A significant positive correlation was observed between the methylation of CRHR1, CRHR2, and NR3C1 and ACTH levels in patients with PD, and methylation levels of CRHR1 and NR3C1 were significantly positively related to cortisol levels. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between PD severity and the methylation of CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, and HSP90AA1. CONCLUSION Aberrant methylation of HPA axis-related genes may predict PD development and impact ACTH and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zou
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Miao Xiang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ying He
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of psychosomatic medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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15
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Mia MA, Uddin MN, Akter Y, Jesmin, Wal Marzan L. Exploring the Structural and Functional Effects of Nonsynonymous SNPs in the Human Serotonin Transporter Gene Through In Silico Approaches. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221104308. [PMID: 35706533 PMCID: PMC9189512 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-dependent serotonin transporter SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4) gene encodes an intrinsic membrane protein that transmits the serotonin neurotransmitter from synaptic clefts into presynaptic neurons. The product of the SLC6A4 gene is related to the regulation of mood and social behavior, sleep, appetite, memory, digestion, and sexual desire. This protein is a target for antidepressant and psychostimulant drugs, thus prolonged neurotransmitter signaling remains blocked. In this study, the functional consequences of nsSNPs in the human SLC6A4 gene were explored through computational tools: PhD-SNP, SIFT, Align GVGD, PROVEAN, PMut, nsSNP Analyzer, SNPs&GO, SNAP2, PolyPhen2, and PANTHER to identify the most deleterious and damaging nsSNPs. Then the mutant protein stabilities were assessed using I-Mutant, MUpro, and MutPred2; amino acid conservation using ConSurf, and posttranslational modification analysis using MusiteDEEP and PROSPER. Furthermore, the 3-dimensional (3D) model of the mutated proteins was predicted and validated using SPARKS-X, Verify3D, and PROCHECK. The protein–ligand binding sites were analyzed using the COACH meta-server. Results from this study predicted that T192M, G342E, R607C, W282S, R104C, P131L, P156L, and N351S were the most structurally and functionally significant nsSNPs in the human SLC6A4 gene. Arg607 and Pro156 were the predicted sites for posttranslational modifications, and Thr192 and Try282 were the ligand-binding sites in the human SLC6A4 gene. The analyzed data also suggested that R104C, P131L, P156L, T192M, G342E, and W282S mutants might affect the binding of sodium ions with this protein. Taken together, this study provided important information on structurally and functionally important nsSNPs of the human SLC6A4 gene for further experimental validation. In the future, these damaging nsSNPs of the SLC6A4 gene have the potential to be evaluated as prognostic biomarkers for SLC6A4-related disorder diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arzo Mia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nasir Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Yasmin Akter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lolo Wal Marzan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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16
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Patodia S, Somani A, Liu J, Cattaneo A, Paradiso B, Garcia M, Othman M, Diehl B, Devinsky O, Mills JD, Foong J, Thom M. Serotonin transporter in the temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala in SUDEP. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13074. [PMID: 35478467 PMCID: PMC9425018 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence link deficient serotonin function and SUDEP. Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) reduces ictal central apnoea, a risk factor for SUDEP. Reduced medullary serotonergic neurones, modulators of respiration in response to hypercapnia, were reported in a SUDEP post‐mortem series. The amygdala and hippocampus have high serotonergic innervation and are functionally implicated in seizure‐related respiratory dysregulation. We explored serotonergic networks in mesial temporal lobe structures in a surgical and post‐mortem epilepsy series in relation to SUDEP risk. We stratified 75 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) into high (N = 16), medium (N = 11) and low risk (N = 48) groups for SUDEP based on generalised seizure frequency. We also included the amygdala in 35 post‐mortem cases, including SUDEP (N = 17), epilepsy controls (N = 10) and non‐epilepsy controls (N = 8). The immunohistochemistry labelling index (LI) and axonal length (AL) of serotonin transporter (SERT)‐positive axons were quantified in 13 regions of interest with image analysis. SERT LI was highest in amygdala and subiculum regions. In the surgical series, higher SERT LI was observed in high risk than low risk cases in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and subiculum (p < 0.05). In the post‐mortem cases higher SERT LI and AL was observed in the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala and peri‐amygdala cortex in SUDEP compared to epilepsy controls (p < 0.05). Patients on SRI showed higher SERT in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.005) and CA4 (p < 0.05) but there was no difference in patients with or without a psychiatric history. Higher SERT in hippocampal subfields in TLE/HS cases with SUDEP risk factors and higher amygdala SERT in post‐mortem SUDEP cases than epilepsy controls supports a role for altered serotonergic networks involving limbic regions in SUDEP. This may be of functional relevance through reduced 5‐HT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Patodia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alyma Somani
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Joan Liu
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alice Cattaneo
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria Garcia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Othman
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James D Mills
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie Foong
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Psychiatry, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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17
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Transposable Elements and Human Diseases: Mechanisms and Implication in the Response to Environmental Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052551. [PMID: 35269693 PMCID: PMC8910135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are recognized as major players in genome plasticity and evolution. The high abundance of TEs in the human genome, especially the Alu and Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1) repeats, makes them responsible for the molecular origin of several diseases. This involves several molecular mechanisms that are presented in this review: insertional mutation, DNA recombination and chromosomal rearrangements, modification of gene expression, as well as alteration of epigenetic regulations. This literature review also presents some of the more recent and/or more classical examples of human diseases in which TEs are involved. Whether through insertion of LINE-1 or Alu elements that cause chromosomal rearrangements, or through epigenetic modifications, TEs are widely implicated in the origin of human cancers. Many other human diseases can have a molecular origin in TE-mediated chromosomal recombination or alteration of gene structure and/or expression. These diseases are very diverse and include hemoglobinopathies, metabolic and neurological diseases, and common diseases. Moreover, TEs can also have an impact on aging. Finally, the exposure of individuals to stresses and environmental contaminants seems to have a non-negligible impact on the epigenetic derepression and mobility of TEs, which can lead to the development of diseases. Thus, improving our knowledge of TEs may lead to new potential diagnostic markers of diseases.
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18
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Jahn K, Kurz B, Sinke C, Kneer J, Riemer O, Ponseti J, Walter M, Beier KM, Walter H, Frieling H, Schiffer B, Kruger THC. Serotonin system-associated genetic and epigenetic changes in pedophilia and child sexual offending. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:60-69. [PMID: 34871921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown associations between anomalies of the serotonergic system and impulsive behavior, depression, or traumatic life events. However, it is currently unknown, whether pedophilia or child sexual offending (CSO) is also related to alterations of the serotonergic system. Using a two by two factorial paradigm within a multisite consortium (NeMUP*) study cohort, we analyzed whether the SLC6A4-linked polymorphic region (SLC6A4LPR) or the SLC6A4 (transporter) and HTR3A (receptor) promotor methylation rates differed with regard to a pedophilic preference and/or child sexual offending. Methylation rates of HTR3A showed significant differences between child sexual offenders and non-offenders, with child sexual offenders showing lower methylation rates. Moreover, HTR3A methylation rates showed significant negative correlations with the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subscale "sexual violence", and the number of sexual offenses committed. Interestingly, we also found pedophilia-related alterations in 5HT3A as well as SLC6A4 methylation rates. For HTR3A we detected significant higher methylation rates in subjects with a pedophilic sexual preference, whereas for SLC6A4 methylation rates were reduced, indicating a possible downregulation of the serotonergic system in total. Although there were no significant group differences concerning the SLC6A4LPR, we found a significant correlation of the SLC6A4 methylation rate with this polymorphism in pedophilia. The present study suggests an involvement of epigenetic alterations of the serotonergic system in pedophilia and child sexual offending as well as own experience of sexual violence. While such an environmental factor may account for the epigenetic changes seen in child sexual offending, this was not seen in pedophilia. These findings will hopefully inspire further research in this underinvestigated field which should aim at validating and extending these initial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernadett Kurz
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Kneer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ole Riemer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus M Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neurosciences, Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Kruger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover, Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neurosciences, Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Li M, Larsen PA. Primate-specific retrotransposons and the evolution of circadian networks in the human brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:988-1004. [PMID: 34592258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of the human brain is attuned to sleep-wake cycles that entail global alterations in neuronal excitability. This periodicity involves a highly coordinated regulation of gene expression. A growing number of studies are documenting a fascinating connection between primate-specific retrotransposons (Alu elements) and key epigenetic regulatory processes in the primate brain. Collectively, these studies indicate that Alu elements embedded in the human neuronal genome mediate post-transcriptional processes that unite human-specific neuroepigenetic landscapes and circadian rhythm. Here, we review evidence linking Alu retrotransposon-mediated posttranscriptional pathways to circadian gene expression. We hypothesize that Alu retrotransposons participate in the organization of circadian brain function through multidimensional neuroepigenetic pathways. We anticipate that these pathways are closely tied to the evolution of human cognition and their perturbation contributes to the manifestation of human-specific neurological diseases. Finally, we address current challenges and accompanying opportunities in studying primate- and human-specific transposable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manci Li
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States
| | - Peter A Larsen
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States.
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20
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López-Echeverri YP, Cardona-Londoño KJ, Garcia-Aguirre JF, Orrego-Cardozo M. Effects of Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Polymorphisms on Depression. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00135-9. [PMID: 34493397 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin is highly implicated in the regulation of emotional state and the execution of cognitive tasks, so much so that the serotonin transporter genes (5-HTT, SLC6A4) and the serotonin receptor genes (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A) have become the perfect candidates when studying the effects that these genes and their polymorphic variations have on depression characteristics. OBJECTIVE A review of research reports that have studied the effects of variations in the serotonin transporter and receptor genes on different clinical features of depression. METHODS A search of the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords ("depression" AND "polymorphism"). CONCLUSIONS According to the review of 54 articles, the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was found to be the most reported risk factor related to the development of depression and its severity. Variations in the genes studied (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR2A) can generate morphological alterations of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yéssica P López-Echeverri
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Kelly J Cardona-Londoño
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Jhonny F Garcia-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Mary Orrego-Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.
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21
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Böhnlein J, Leehr EJ, Roesmann K, Sappelt T, Platte O, Grotegerd D, Sindermann L, Repple J, Opel N, Meinert S, Lemke H, Borgers T, Dohm K, Enneking V, Goltermann J, Waltemate L, Hülsmann C, Thiel K, Winter N, Bauer J, Lueken U, Straube T, Junghöfer M, Dannlowski U. Neural processing of emotional facial stimuli in specific phobia: An fMRI study. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:846-859. [PMID: 34224655 DOI: 10.1002/da.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with specific phobia (SP) show altered brain activation when confronted with phobia-specific stimuli. It is unclear whether this pathogenic activation pattern generalizes to other emotional stimuli. This study addresses this question by employing a well-powered sample while implementing an established paradigm using nonspecific aversive facial stimuli. METHODS N = 111 patients with SP, spider subtype, and N = 111 healthy controls (HCs) performed a supraliminal emotional face-matching paradigm contrasting aversive faces versus shapes in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We performed region of interest (ROI) analyses for the amygdala, the insula, and the anterior cingulate cortex using univariate as well as machine-learning-based multivariate statistics based on this data. Additionally, we investigated functional connectivity by means of psychophysiological interaction (PPI). RESULTS Although the presentation of emotional faces showed significant activation in all three ROIs across both groups, no group differences emerged in all ROIs. Across both groups and in the HC > SP contrast, PPI analyses showed significant task-related connectivity of brain areas typically linked to higher-order emotion processing with the amygdala. The machine learning approach based on whole-brain activity patterns could significantly differentiate the groups with 73% balanced accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Patients suffering from SP are characterized by differences in the connectivity of the amygdala and areas typically linked to emotional processing in response to aversive facial stimuli (inferior parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, middle cingulate, postcentral cortex, and insula). This might implicate a subtle difference in the processing of nonspecific emotional stimuli and warrants more research furthering our understanding of neurofunctional alteration in patients with SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Böhnlein
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kati Roesmann
- Institute for Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.,Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Teresa Sappelt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ole Platte
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Sindermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tiana Borgers
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Hülsmann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Clinic for Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Bonassi A, Carollo A, Cataldo I, Gabrieli G, Tandiono M, Foo JN, Lepri B, Esposito G. Modulation of Instagram Number of Followings by Avoidance in Close Relationships in Young Adults under a Gene x Environment Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7547. [PMID: 34300010 PMCID: PMC8303232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social networking sites have determined radical changes in human life, demanding investigations on online socialization mechanisms. The knowledge acquired on in-person sociability could guide researchers to consider both environmental and genetic features as candidates of online socialization. Here, we explored the impact of the quality of adult attachment and the genetic properties of the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR) on Instagram social behavior. Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire was adopted to assess 57 Instagram users' attachment pattern in close relationships with partners. Genotypes from the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 region were extracted from the users' buccal mucosa and analyzed. Users' Instagram social behavior was examined from four indexes: number of posts, number of followed users ("followings") and number of followers, and the Social Desirability Index calculated from the followers to followings ratio. Although no interaction between rs25531 and ECR-R dimensions was found, an association between avoidance in close relationships and Instagram number of followings emerged. Post hoc analyses revealed adult avoidance from the partner predicts the Instagram number of followings with good evidence. Moreover, users reporting high avoidance levels displayed fewer followings than users who reported low levels of avoidance. This research provides a window into the psychobiological understanding of online socialization on Instagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonassi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento TN, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore;
| | - Moses Tandiono
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (M.T.); (J.N.F.)
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (M.T.); (J.N.F.)
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lepri
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento TN, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (I.C.)
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore;
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (M.T.); (J.N.F.)
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23
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Pappalardo XG, Barra V. Losing DNA methylation at repetitive elements and breaking bad. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 34082816 PMCID: PMC8173753 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic chromatin mark that allows heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. It has a fundamental role in preserving genome stability (including chromosome stability) by controlling both gene expression and chromatin structure. Therefore, the onset of an incorrect pattern of DNA methylation is potentially dangerous for the cells. This is particularly important with respect to repetitive elements, which constitute the third of the human genome. Main body Repetitive sequences are involved in several cell processes, however, due to their intrinsic nature, they can be a source of genome instability. Thus, most repetitive elements are usually methylated to maintain a heterochromatic, repressed state. Notably, there is increasing evidence showing that repetitive elements (satellites, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), Alus) are frequently hypomethylated in various of human pathologies, from cancer to psychiatric disorders. Repetitive sequences’ hypomethylation correlates with chromatin relaxation and unscheduled transcription. If these alterations are directly involved in human diseases aetiology and how, is still under investigation. Conclusions Hypomethylation of different families of repetitive sequences is recurrent in many different human diseases, suggesting that the methylation status of these elements can be involved in preservation of human health. This provides a promising point of view towards the research of therapeutic strategies focused on specifically tuning DNA methylation of DNA repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.,National Council of Research, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Unit of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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24
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Mourtzi N, Sertedaki A, Charmandari E. Glucocorticoid Signaling and Epigenetic Alterations in Stress-Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5964. [PMID: 34073101 PMCID: PMC8198182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of threatened or perceived as threatened homeostasis. The well-tuned coordination of the stress response system is necessary for an organism to respond to external or internal stressors and re-establish homeostasis. Glucocorticoid hormones are the main effectors of stress response and aberrant glucocorticoid signaling has been associated with an increased risk for psychiatric and mood disorders, including schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Emerging evidence suggests that life-stress experiences can alter the epigenetic landscape and impact the function of genes involved in the regulation of stress response. More importantly, epigenetic changes induced by stressors persist over time, leading to increased susceptibility for a number of stress-related disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of stress response, the mechanism through which stressful experiences can become biologically embedded through epigenetic alterations, and we underline potential associations between epigenetic changes and the development of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mourtzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (A.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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25
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Clinical and Translational Considerations for Understanding Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6689443. [PMID: 33747075 PMCID: PMC7960036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are comorbidities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though previous studies have proposed a relationship between anxiety, depression, and IBD, causality and directionality are largely unknown. Current and future research in these areas is aimed at exploring the biological underpinnings of this relationship, specifically pertaining to small molecule metabolism, such as tryptophan. Tryptophan is acquired through the diet and is the precursor to several vital bioactive metabolites including the hormone melatonin, the neurotransmitter serotonin, and vitamin B3. In this review, we discuss previous findings relating mental health comorbidities with IBD and underline ongoing research of tryptophan catabolite analysis.
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26
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Soga T, Teo CH, Parhar I. Genetic and Epigenetic Consequence of Early-Life Social Stress on Depression: Role of Serotonin-Associated Genes. Front Genet 2021; 11:601868. [PMID: 33584798 PMCID: PMC7874148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.601868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity caused by poor social bonding and deprived maternal care is known to affect mental wellbeing and physical health. It is a form of chronic social stress that persists because of a negative environment, and the consequences are long-lasting on mental health. The presence of social stress during early life can have an epigenetic effect on the body, possibly resulting in many complex mental disorders, including depression in later life. Here, we review the evidence for early-life social stress-induced epigenetic changes that modulate juvenile and adult social behavior (depression and anxiety). This review has a particular emphasis on the interaction between early-life social stress and genetic variation of serotonin associate genes including the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT; also known as SLC6A4), which are key molecules involved in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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27
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Schweizer-Schubert S, Gordon JL, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Meltzer-Brody S, Schmalenberger KM, Slopien R, Zietlow AL, Ehlert U, Ditzen B. Steroid Hormone Sensitivity in Reproductive Mood Disorders: On the Role of the GABA A Receptor Complex and Stress During Hormonal Transitions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:479646. [PMID: 33585496 PMCID: PMC7873927 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.479646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women worldwide are two to three times more likely to suffer from depression in their lifetime than are men. Female risk for depressive symptoms is particularly high during the reproductive years between menarche and menopause. The term “Reproductive Mood Disorders” refers to depressive disorders triggered by hormonal fluctuations during reproductive transitions including the perimenarchal phase, the pre-menstrual phase, pregnancy, the peripartum period and the perimenopausal transition. Here we focus on reproductive mood disorders manifesting in adult life. We propose a research agenda that draws together several reproductive mood disorders and investigates which genetic, endocrinological, neural, and psychosocial factors can explain depressive symptoms during phases of hormonal transitions in women. Based on current research it is assumed that some women experience an increased sensitivity to not only fluctuations in reproductive steroids (estrogen and progesterone), but also stress-related steroids. We integrate both dynamics into the concept of “steroid hormone sensitivity,” expanding on the concept of “reproductive hormone sensitivity.” We suggest that a differential response of the stress steroid system including corticosteroids, neurosteroids, like allopregnanolone and the GABA-A Receptor complex, as well as a differential (epi)genetic risk in serotonergic and GABAergic signaling, are moderators or mediators between changes in the reproductive steroid system and the physiological, affective, and cognitive outcomes manifesting in reproductive mood disorders. We point to the lack of research on the role of psychosocial factors in increasing a woman's stress level and at some point also the sensitivity of her stress steroid system within the etiology of Reproductive Mood Disorders. Drawing together the evidence on various reproductive mood disorders we seek to present a basis for the development of more effective pharmacological, social, and psychological treatment interventions and prevention strategies for women susceptible to these disorders. This could pave the way for new research as well as medical and psychological teaching and practice- such as a new type of Practice for Gynecological Psychoneuroendocrinology- with the aim of working on and ultimately offering more integrative forms of support not yet available to women suffering from depression during hormonal transitions. In medical history women have been left alone with this integrative challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schweizer-Schubert
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Practice for Psychoendocrinology and Psychotherapy, Heilbronn, Germany
| | | | - Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul
- Women's Mental Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Katja M Schmalenberger
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Radoslaw Slopien
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna-Lena Zietlow
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Epigenetic biotypes of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-zone exposed veteran and active duty males. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4300-4314. [PMID: 33339956 PMCID: PMC8550967 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition evidenced by the absence of objective physiological measurements applicable to all who meet the criteria for the disorder as well as divergent responses to treatments. This study capitalized on biological diversity observed within the PTSD group observed following epigenome-wide analysis of a well-characterized Discovery cohort (N = 166) consisting of 83 male combat exposed veterans with PTSD, and 83 combat veterans without PTSD in order to identify patterns that might distinguish subtypes. Computational analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles identified two PTSD biotypes within the PTSD+ group, G1 and G2, associated with 34 clinical features that are associated with PTSD and PTSD comorbidities. The G2 biotype was associated with an increased PTSD risk and had higher polygenic risk scores and a greater methylation compared to the G1 biotype and healthy controls. The findings were validated at a 3-year follow-up (N = 59) of the same individuals as well as in two independent, veteran cohorts (N = 54 and N = 38), and an active duty cohort (N = 133). In some cases, for example Dopamine-PKA-CREB and GABA-PKC-CREB signaling pathways, the biotypes were oppositely dysregulated, suggesting that the biotypes were not simply a function of a dimensional relationship with symptom severity, but may represent distinct biological risk profiles underpinning PTSD. The identification of two novel distinct epigenetic biotypes for PTSD may have future utility in understanding biological and clinical heterogeneity in PTSD and potential applications in risk assessment for active duty military personnel under non-clinician-administered settings, and improvement of PTSD diagnostic markers.
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29
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Warnke K, Brandt J, Jörgens S, Arolt V, Beer K, Domschke K, Haverkamp W, Kuhlmann SL, Müller-Nordhorn J, Rieckmann N, Schwarte K, Ströhle A, Tschorn M, Waltenberger J, Grosse L. Association of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 with depressive symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease: A prospective study. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:531-539. [PMID: 32889377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 is suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of both coronary heart disease (CHD)1 and depression. We aimed to investigate the role of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 in the development of depressive symptoms among CHD patients in a longitudinal design. METHODS N = 265 participants with CHD diagnosis were included while hospitalized in a department of cardiology and genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)7 at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 with the prevalence of depressive symptoms at each time point as well as with the incidence and persistence of depressive symptoms at follow-up. RESULTS "LALA" genotype was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms 12 months after study inclusion. "LALA" genotype was associated with a higher incidence of depressive symptoms 6 and 12 months after study inclusion. There was no association of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 with the persistence of depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Inclusion criteria did not demand a particular cardiac event at baseline, which aggravated the interpretation of the time-specific results. The majority of the participants was of male gender which could cause bias. The present study only vaguely differentiated between ethnical groups which might cause bias regarding nationality-dependent allele distributions. CONCLUSION The present study suggests a time-dependent association of the "LALA" genotype with depressive symptoms in CHD patients. 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 might be an important marker to detect risk groups for later onset depressive symptoms among CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Warnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
| | - Julia Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Jörgens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Beer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Haverkamp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stella L Kuhlmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Division of Emergency and Acute Medicine (CVK, CCM), Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Müller-Nordhorn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany; Bavarian Food and Health Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nina Rieckmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Tschorn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany; Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Germany; Intercultural Business Psychology, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
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Fratelli C, Siqueira J, Silva C, Ferreira E, Silva I. 5HTTLPR Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1260. [PMID: 33114535 PMCID: PMC7692865 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disease that involves biological, psychological, and social interactions. Studies have shown the importance of genetics contribution to MDD development. The SCL6A4 protein (5HTTLPR) functions transporting serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood and emotion, to the synaptic cleft. Hence, this study seeks, through a literature review, a better comprehension of the 5HTTLPR genetic variant association with MDD. For this purpose, a search was performed on the Virtual Health Library Portal for articles that related 5HTTLPR to MDD. Most of the articles found were conducted in the American continent, with one (1) study implemented in Brazil. 5HTTLPR associations were found regarding changes in the nervous system, pharmacology, and risk factors seen in MDD patients. When verifying the allelic distribution, the S allele had a higher frequency in most of the studies analyzed. Despite not finding a commonality in the different studies, the tremendous genetic variation found demonstrates the MDD complexity. For this reason, further studies in diverse populations should be conducted to assist in the understanding and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fratelli
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil;
| | - Jhon Siqueira
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Calliandra Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Izabel Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
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31
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Li J, Chen Y, Xiang Q, Xiang J, Tang Y, Tang L. 5HTTLPR polymorphism and postpartum depression risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22319. [PMID: 32991440 PMCID: PMC7523802 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum depression (PPD) is an episode of major depressive disorder that affecting women of childbearing age. 5-HTTLPR is 1 of the most extensively investigated polymorphisms in PPD. However, the previous results were inconsistent and inclusive. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to precisely evaluate the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and PPD susceptibility. METHODS The studies were retrieved through databases including PubMed, web of science, EMASE, and CNKI. The odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were applied for evaluating the genetic association between 5-HTTLPR (L/S) polymorphism and PPD risk. RESULTS Six studies with 519 cases and 737 controls were enrolled in the present study. The frequencies of allelic (OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.60-0.85, P = .0001) and dominant (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.44-0.73, P = .004) models of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism significantly decreased in patients with PPD than those in the healthy controls. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed that the allelic (OR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.60-0.85, P = .0001) and dominant (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.32-0.79, P = .003) models of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were significantly associated with PPD risk in Asian population (P > .05). No evidence was observed between the recessive model of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and PPD risk (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The allelic and dominant models of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism might be protective factors for PPD. To confirm these results, larger number of association studies or multicenter case-control studies are necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha
| | - Ju Xiang
- Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha
| | - Yonghong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha
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32
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Wheater ENW, Stoye DQ, Cox SR, Wardlaw JM, Drake AJ, Bastin ME, Boardman JP. DNA methylation and brain structure and function across the life course: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:133-156. [PMID: 32151655 PMCID: PMC7237884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MRI has enhanced our capacity to understand variations in brain structure and function conferred by the genome. We identified 60 studies that report associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and human brain structure/function. Forty-three studies measured candidate loci DNAm; seventeen measured epigenome-wide DNAm. MRI features included region-of-interest and whole-brain structural, diffusion and functional imaging features. The studies report DNAm-MRI associations for: neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental disorders; major depression and suicidality; alcohol use disorder; schizophrenia and psychosis; ageing, stroke, ataxia and neurodegeneration; post-traumatic stress disorder; and socio-emotional processing. Consistency between MRI features and differential DNAm is modest. Sources of bias: variable inclusion of comparator groups; different surrogate tissues used; variation in DNAm measurement methods; lack of control for genotype and cell-type composition; and variations in image processing. Knowledge of MRI features associated with differential DNAm may improve understanding of the role of DNAm in brain health and disease, but caution is required because conventions for linking DNAm and MRI data are not established, and clinical and methodological heterogeneity in existing literature is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N W Wheater
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Q Stoye
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James P Boardman
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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33
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Denzel D, Colic L, Demenescu LR, von Düring F, Ristow I, Nießen H, Hermann L, Kaufmann J, Dannlowski U, Frommer J, Vogel M, Li M, Lord A, Walter M. Local glutamate in cingulate cortex subregions differentially correlates with affective network activations during face perception. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3047-3060. [PMID: 32239708 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The cingulate cortex is involved in emotion recognition/perception and regulation. Rostral and caudal subregions belong to different brain networks with distinct roles in affective perception. Despite recent accounts of the relevance of cingulate cortex glutamate (Glu) on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses, the specificity of the subregional Glu levels during emotional tasks remains unclear. Seventy-two healthy participants (age = 27.33 ± 6.67, 32 women) performed an affective face-matching task and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 Tesla. Correlations between the BOLD response during emotion perception and Glu concentration in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) were compared on a whole-brain level. Post hoc specificity of the association with an affect was assessed. Lower Glu in the pgACC correlated with stronger activation differences between negative and positive faces in the left inferior and superior frontal gyrus (L IFG and L SFG). In contrast, lower Glu in the aMCC correlated with BOLD contrasts in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Furthermore, negative face detection was associated with prolonged response time (RT). Our results demonstrate a subregion-specific involvement of cingulate cortex Glu in interindividual differences during viewing of affective facial expressions. Glu levels in the pgACC were correlated with frontal area brain activations, whereas Glu in the salience network component aMCC modulated responses in the PCC-precuneus. We show that region-specific metabolite mapping enables specific activation of different BOLD signals in the brain underlying emotional perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Denzel
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Felicia von Düring
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inka Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Nießen
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Hermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Frommer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anton Lord
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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34
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Schiele MA, Gottschalk MG, Domschke K. The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders - A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 77:101830. [PMID: 32163803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly complex and multifactorial in origin, comprising an elaborate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA modifications (e.g. CpG methylation), histone modifications (e.g. acetylation) and microRNAs function as a translator between genes and the environment. Indeed, environmental influences such as exposure to stress shape epigenetic patterns, and lifetime experiences continue to alter the function of the genome throughout the lifespan. Here, we summarize the recently burgeoning body of research regarding the involvement of aberrant epigenetic signatures in mediating an increased vulnerability to a wide range of mental disorders. We review the current knowledge of epigenetic changes to constitute useful markers predicting the clinical response to psychotherapeutic interventions, and of psychotherapy to alter - and potentially reverse - epigenetic risk patterns. Given first evidence pointing to a transgenerational transmission of epigenetic information, epigenetic alterations arising from successful psychotherapy might be transferred to future generations and thus contribute to the prevention of mental disorders. Findings are integrated into a multi-level framework highlighting challenges pertaining to the mechanisms of action and clinical implications of epigenetic research. Promising future directions regarding the prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment of mental disorders in line with a 'precision medicine' approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Gottschalk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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35
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Liu J, Zhang L, Liu M. Mechanisms supporting potential use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in psychocardiology. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6717-6738. [PMID: 31814884 PMCID: PMC6895510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite great efforts made in recent years, globally cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most common and devastating disease. Pharmacological, interventional and surgical treatments have proved to be only partly satisfactory for the majority of patients. A major underlying cause of poor prognosis is a high comorbidity rate between CVD and mental illness, which calls for the approaches of psychocardiology. As psychiatric disorders and CVD can influence each other bidirectionally, it is necessary to develop novel therapies targeting both systems simultaneously. Therefore, innovative stem cell (SC) therapy has become the most promising treatment strategy in psychocardiology. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs), among all different types of SCs, have drawn the most attention due to unique advantages in terms of ethical considerations, low immunogenicity and simplicity of preparation. In this review, we survey recent publications and clinical trials to summarize the knowledge and progress gained so far. Moreover, we discuss the feasibility of the clinical application of BM-MSCs in the area of psychocardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100029, China
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36
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Ran L, Ai M, Wang W, Chen J, Wu T, Liu W, Jin J, Wang S, Kuang L. Rare variants in SLC6A4 cause susceptibility to major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation in Han Chinese adolescents and young adults. Gene 2019; 726:144147. [PMID: 31629822 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation (SI) is the most serious symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and considered an extreme state. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) plays a significant role in MDD and suicide pathophysiology. Previous studies have revealed an association between common variants of SLC6A4 with the risk of MDD and suicide. However, very few studies have so far focused on the degree to which rare variants of SLC6A4 are responsible for the depression observed in adolescent and young adult suicide patients. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of common and rare variants of SLC6A4 on the risk of Han Chinese adolescents and young adults suffering MDD with SI. METHODS Targeted sequencing of the SLC6A4 gene was conducted using FastTarget technology in Han Chinese adolescents and young adults, of which 74 were MDD patients with SI and 150 were healthy controls. Gene-based association analyses of rare variants were performed using enrichment analysis and a cumulative allele test. An allele association study was performed against common variants. RESULTS After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 15 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected in the targeted regions from all participants, including 9 common and 6 rare variants. Among these, 5 rare variants were identified within the study group. Enrichment analysis of rare variants demonstrated a statistical difference (p = 0.042) between the study and control groups. Using cumulative allele analysis, alternative alleles in the SLC6A4 gene exhibited an association with MDD patients with SI (cumulative allele: OR = 10.18, 95% CI = 1.18-87.32, p = 0.017). No significant association was found between the 9 common SLC6A4 variants and MDD patients with SI. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rare variants of SLC6A4 may contribute to a genetic risk of adolescents and young adults suffering MDD with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Ran
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Suya Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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37
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Redlich R, Schneider I, Kerkenberg N, Opel N, Bauhaus J, Enneking V, Repple J, Leehr EJ, Grotegerd D, Kähler C, Förster K, Dohm K, Meinert S, Hahn T, Kugel H, Schwarte K, Schettler C, Domschke K, Arolt V, Heindel W, Baune BT, Zhang W, Hohoff C, Dannlowski U. The role of BDNF methylation and Val 66 Met in amygdala reactivity during emotion processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:594-604. [PMID: 31617281 PMCID: PMC7268057 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated with psychiatric disorders in humans and with differences in amygdala BDNF mRNA levels in rodents. This human study aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional BDNF-Val66 Met polymorphism, its surrounding DNA methylation in BDNF exon IX, amygdala reactivity to emotional faces, and personality traits. Healthy controls (HC, n = 189) underwent functional MRI during an emotional face-matching task. Harm avoidance, novelty seeking and reward dependence were measured using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Individual BDNF methylation profiles were ascertained and associated with several BDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms surrounding the BDNF-Val66 Met, amygdala reactivity, novelty seeking and harm avoidance. Higher BDNF methylation was associated with higher amygdala reactivity (x = 34, y = 0, z = -26, t(166) = 3.00, TFCE = 42.39, p(FWE) = .045), whereby the BDNF-Val66 Met genotype per se did not show any significant association with brain function. Furthermore, novelty seeking was negatively associated with BDNF methylation (r = -.19, p = .015) and amygdala reactivity (r = -.17, p = .028), while harm avoidance showed a trend for a positive association with BDNF methylation (r = .14, p = .066). The study provides first insights into the relationship among BDNF methylation, BDNF genotype, amygdala reactivity and personality traits in humans, highlighting the multidimensional relations among genetics, epigenetics, and neuronal functions. The present study suggests a possible involvement of epigenetic BDNF modifications in psychiatric disorders and related brain functions, whereby high BDNF methylation might reduce BDNF mRNA expression and upregulate amygdala reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilona Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Bauhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Claas Kähler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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38
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Guffanti G, Bartlett A, Klengel T, Klengel C, Hunter R, Glinsky G, Macciardi F. Novel Bioinformatics Approach Identifies Transcriptional Profiles of Lineage-Specific Transposable Elements at Distinct Loci in the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:2435-2453. [PMID: 30053206 PMCID: PMC6188555 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of transposable elements (TE) is transiently activated during human preimplantation embryogenesis in a developmental stage- and cell type-specific manner and TE-mediated epigenetic regulation is intrinsically wired in developmental genetic networks in human embryos and embryonic stem cells. However, there are no systematic studies devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the TE transcriptome in human adult organs and tissues, including human neural tissues. To investigate TE expression in the human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), we developed and validated a straightforward analytical approach to chart quantitative genome-wide expression profiles of all annotated TE loci based on unambiguous mapping of discrete TE-encoded transcripts using a de novo assembly strategy. To initially evaluate the potential regulatory impact of DLPFC-expressed TE, we adopted a comparative evolutionary genomics approach across humans, primates, and rodents to document conservation patterns, lineage-specificity, and colocalizations with transcription factor binding sites mapped within primate- and human-specific TE. We identified 654,665 transcripts expressed from 477,507 distinct loci of different TE classes and families, the majority of which appear to have originated from primate-specific sequences. We discovered 4,687 human-specific and transcriptionally active TEs in DLPFC, of which the prominent majority (80.2%) appears spliced. Our analyses revealed significant associations of DLPFC-expressed TE with primate- and human-specific transcription factor binding sites, suggesting potential cross-talks of concordant regulatory functions. We identified 1,689 TEs differentially expressed in the DLPFC of Schizophrenia patients, a majority of which is located within introns of 1,137 protein-coding genes. Our findings imply that identified DLPFC-expressed TEs may affect human brain structures and functions following different evolutionary trajectories. On one side, hundreds of thousands of TEs maintained a remarkably high conservation for ∼8 My of primates’ evolution, suggesting that they are likely conveying evolutionary-constrained primate-specific regulatory functions. In parallel, thousands of transcriptionally active human-specific TE loci emerged more recently, suggesting that they could be relevant for human-specific behavioral or cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Guffanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Torsten Klengel
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Klengel
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Richard Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Gennadi Glinsky
- Translational & Functional Genomics, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Lapp HE, Hunter RG. Early life exposures, neurodevelopmental disorders, and transposable elements. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100174. [PMID: 31193573 PMCID: PMC6536887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements make up a much larger portion of the genome than protein-coding genes, yet we know relatively little about their function in the human genome. However, we are beginning to more fully understand their role in brain development, neuroinflammation, and adaptation to environmental insults such as stress. For instance, glucocorticoid receptor activation regulates transposable elements in the brain following acute stress. Early life is a period of substantial brain development during which transposable elements play a role. Environmental exposures and experiences during early life that promote abnormal regulation of transposable elements may lead to a cascade of events that ultimately increase susceptibility to disorders later in life. Recent attention to transposable elements in psychiatric illness has begun to clarify associations indicative of dysregulation of different classes of transposable elements in stress-related and neurodevelopmental illness. Though individual susceptibility or resiliency to psychiatric illness has not been explained by traditional genetic studies, the wide inter-individual variability in transposable element composition in the human genome make TEs attractive candidates to elucidate this differential susceptibility. In this review, we discuss evidence that regulation of transposable elements in the brain are stage-specific, sensitive to environmental factors, and may be impacted by early life perturbations. We further present evidence of associations with stress-related and neurodevelopmental psychiatric illness from a developmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Lapp
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Richard G Hunter
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Muench C, Luo A, Charlet K, Lee J, Rosoff DB, Sun H, Fede SJ, Jung J, Momenan R, Lohoff FW. Lack of Association Between Serotonin Transporter Gene (SLC6A4) Promoter Methylation and Amygdala Response During Negative Emotion Processing in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:209-215. [PMID: 31008507 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Differences in DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have been shown to alter SLC6A4 expression and predict brain functions in healthy individuals. This study investigated the association between SLC6A4 promoter methylation and threat-related amygdala activation in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). METHODS Methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter region was assessed using peripheral blood DNA from 45 individuals with AD and 45 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed an emotional face matching task in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. RESULTS Results did not reveal any association between SLC6A4 promoter methylation variation and threat-related amygdala activation in HCs or individuals with AD. Furthermore, methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A4 did not significantly differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not replicate a previous finding that increased methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A4 is associated with threat-related amygdala activation in healthy individuals and further show that there is no such association in individuals with AD. Given that the number of imaging epigenetics studies on SLC6A4 is very limited to date, these inconsistent results indicate that future research is needed to clarify its association with amygdala reactivity in both healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Luo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha J Fede
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC), Bethesda, MD, USA
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The ‘Yin’ and the ‘Yang’ of the kynurenine pathway: excitotoxicity and neuroprotection imbalance in stress-induced disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:163-186. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Epigenetic variation at the SLC6A4 gene promoter in mother-child pairs with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:716-723. [PMID: 30447571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic variations of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have been related to the etiology of depression. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism at the SLC6A4 promoter region has two variants, a short allele (S) and a long allele (L), in which the S allele results in lower gene transcription and has been associated with depression. The short S-allele of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of this gene has been associated with depression. In addition to molecular mechanisms, exposure to early life risk factors such as maternal depression seems to affect the development of depression in postnatal life. The present study investigated the association of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and CpG DNA methylation (5mC) levels of an AluJb repeat element at the SLC6A4 promoter region in mother-child pairs exposed to maternal depression. METHODS We analyzed DNA samples from 60 subjects (30 mother-child pairs) split into three groups, with and without major depression disorder (DSM-IV) among children and mothers. The genotyping of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and quantification of 5mC levels was performed by qualitative PCR and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion, and real-time quantitative PCR (MSRED-qPCR), respectively. RESULTS The sample analyzed presented a higher frequency of S allele of 5-HTTLPR (67.5%). Despite the high frequency of this allele, we did not find statistically significant differences between individuals carrying at least one S allele between the depression and healthy control subjects, or among the mother-child pair groups with different patterns of occurrence of depression. In the group where the mother and child were both diagnosed with depression, we found a statistically significant decrease of the 5mC level at the SLC6A4 promoter region. LIMITATIONS The limitations are the relatively small sample size and lack of gene expression data available for comparison with methylation data. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated a repeat element specific 5mC level reduction in mother-child pairs, concordant for the diagnosis of depression.
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Shah S, Sinharay S, Matsuda K, Schreiber-Stainthorp W, Muthusamy S, Lee D, Wakim P, Hirsch V, Nath A, Di Mascio M, Hammoud DA. Potential Mechanism for HIV-Associated Depression: Upregulation of Serotonin Transporters in SIV-Infected Macaques Detected by 11C-DASB PET. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:362. [PMID: 31178771 PMCID: PMC6543249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Increased incidence of depression in HIV+ patients is associated with lower adherence to treatment and increased morbidity/mortality. One possible underlying pathophysiology is serotonergic dysfunction. In this study, we used an animal model of HIV, the SIV-infected macaque, to longitudinally image serotonin transporter (SERT) expression before and after inoculation, using 11C-DASB (SERT ligand) PET imaging. Methods: We infected seven rhesus macaques with a neurovirulent SIV strain and imaged them at baseline and multiple time points after inoculation (group A). Pyrosequencing methylation analysis of the SERT promoter region was performed. We also measured SERT mRNA/protein in brain single-cell suspensions from another group (group B) of SIV-infected animals (n = 13). Results: Despite some animals showing early fluctuations, 86% of our group A animals eventually showed a net increase in midbrain/thalamus binding potential (BPND) over the course of their disease (mean increased binding between last time point and baseline = 30.2% and 32.2%, respectively). Repeated-measures mixed-model analysis showed infection duration to be predictive of midbrain BPND (p = 0.039). Thalamic BPND was statistically significantly associated with multiple CSF cytokines (P < 0.05). There was higher SERT protein levels in the second group (group B) of SIV-infected animals with SIV encephalitis (SIVE) compared to those without SIVE (p = 0.014). There were no longitudinal changes in SERT gene promoter region percentage methylation between baselines and last time points in group A animals. Conclusion: Upregulated SERT leading to lower synaptic levels of serotonin is a possible mechanism of depression in HIV+ patients, and extrapolating our conclusions from SIV to HIV should be sought using translational human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shah
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenta Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Schreiber-Stainthorp
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Siva Muthusamy
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dianne Lee
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vanessa Hirsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michele Di Mascio
- AIDS Imaging Research Section, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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DNA Methylation as a Biomarker of Treatment Response Variability in Serious Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review Focused on Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103026. [PMID: 30287754 PMCID: PMC6213157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, genetic studies of treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression have returned results with limited clinical utility. A gene × environment interplay has been proposed as a factor influencing not only pathophysiology but also the treatment response. Therefore, epigenetics has emerged as a major field of research to study the treatment of these three disorders. Among the epigenetic marks that can modify gene expression, DNA methylation is the best studied. We performed a systematic search (PubMed) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines for preclinical and clinical studies focused on genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder. Out of the 112 studies initially identified, we selected 31 studies among them, with an emphasis on responses to the gold standard treatments in each disorder. Modulations of DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites have been documented for all classes of treatments (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants). The heterogeneity of the models and methodologies used complicate the interpretation of results. Although few studies in each disorder have assessed the potential of DNA methylation as biomarkers of treatment response, data support this hypothesis for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants.
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Lam D, Ancelin ML, Ritchie K, Freak-Poli R, Saffery R, Ryan J. Genotype-dependent associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) DNA methylation and late-life depression. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:282. [PMID: 30180828 PMCID: PMC6122720 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted serotonergic signaling is often a feature of depression and the role of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), responsible for serotonin re-uptake, has received much attention in this regard. Most studies have focused on the polymorphic 5-HTTLPR upstream repeat, or DNA methylation at the promoter CpG island. Few studies have explored the influence of genetic variation across the gene on DNA methylation, and their combined association with depression risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variation in the SLC6A4 gene influences promoter DNA methylation, and whether these are associated with depression status. METHOD The ESPRIT study involves a community-based population of older individuals (> 65 years of age). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was diagnosed according to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria, and severe depressive symptoms assessed by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to measure SLC6A4 methylation status (n = 302). RESULTS Nominally significant associations were observed between SLC6A4 genetic variants (5-HTTLPR, rs140700, rs4251417, rs6354, rs25528, rs25531) and DNA methylation at several CpG sites. In multivariate regression, DNA methylation was associated with depression status, but only in the presence of specific genotypes. In individuals homozygous for the short 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTLPR/r25531 alleles, lower methylation at two CpGs was associated with depression (β = - 0.44 to β = - 0.31; p = 0.001 to p = 0.038). CONCLUSION We present evidence for genotype-dependent associations between SLC6A4 methylation and depression. Genetic variants may also play a role in influencing promoter methylation levels and its association with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys Lam
- 0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 5, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004 Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- 0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 5, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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Larsen PA, Hunnicutt KE, Larsen RJ, Yoder AD, Saunders AM. Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain, and the spectrum of neurological disease. Chromosome Res 2018; 26:93-111. [PMID: 29460123 PMCID: PMC5857278 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are a highly successful family of primate-specific retrotransposons that have fundamentally shaped primate evolution, including the evolution of our own species. Alus play critical roles in the formation of neurological networks and the epigenetic regulation of biochemical processes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and thus are hypothesized to have contributed to the origin of human cognition. Despite the benefits that Alus provide, deleterious Alu activity is associated with a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, neurological networks are potentially vulnerable to the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements operating across the suite of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that are critical for both mitochondrial and CNS function. Here, we highlight the beneficial neurological aspects of Alu elements as well as their potential to cause disease by disrupting key cellular processes across the CNS. We identify at least 37 neurological and neurodegenerative disorders wherein deleterious Alu activity has been implicated as a contributing factor for the manifestation of disease, and for many of these disorders, this activity is operating on genes that are essential for proper mitochondrial function. We conclude that the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements can ultimately disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis within the CNS. This mechanism is a plausible source for the incipient neuronal stress that is consistently observed across a spectrum of sporadic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | | | - Roxanne J Larsen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chapel Hill, NC, 27709, USA
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Transposable elements and the multidimensional genome. Chromosome Res 2018; 26:1-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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