1
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Vogt H, Shinkwin P, Huber ME, Staffen N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Schiedel M, Weikert D. Development of a Fluorescent Ligand for the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of the Neurotensin Receptor 1. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1533-1545. [PMID: 38751637 PMCID: PMC11092115 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The membrane protein family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents a major class of drug targets. Over the last years, the presence of additional intracellular binding sites besides the canonical orthosteric binding pocket has been demonstrated for an increasing number of GPCRs. Allosteric modulators harnessing these pockets may represent valuable alternatives when targeting the orthosteric pocket is not successful for drug development. Starting from SBI-553, a recently discovered intracellular allosteric modulator for neurotensin receptor subtype 1 (NTSR1), we developed the fluorescent molecular probe 14. Compound 14 binds to NTSR1 with an affinity of 0.68 μM in the presence of the agonist NT(8-13). NanoBRET-based ligand binding assays with 14 were established to derive the affinity and structure-activity relationships for allosteric NTSR1 modulators in a direct and nonisotopic manner, thereby facilitating the search for and optimization of novel allosteric NTSR1 ligands. As a consequence of cooperativity between the ligands binding to the allosteric and orthosteric pocket, compound 14 can also be used to investigate orthosteric NTSR1 agonists and antagonists. Moreover, employing 14 as a probe in a drug library screening, we identified novel chemotypes as binders for the intracellular allosteric SBI-553 binding pocket of NTSR1 with single-digit micromolar affinity. These hits may serve as interesting starting points for the development of novel intracellular allosteric ligands for NTSR1 as a highly interesting yet unexploited drug target in the fields of pain and addiction disorder therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Vogt
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Shinkwin
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max E. Huber
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nico Staffen
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
NeW − Research Center New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
NeW − Research Center New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Gleixner J, Kopanchuk S, Grätz L, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Veikšina S, Höring C, Gattor AO, Humphrys LJ, Müller C, Archipowa N, Köckenberger J, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ, Rinken A, Keller M. Illuminating Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor Binding: Fluorescent Cyclic Peptides with Subnanomolar Binding Affinity as Novel Molecular Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1142-1168. [PMID: 38633582 PMCID: PMC11019746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4 receptor (Y4R), a member of the family of NPY receptors, is physiologically activated by the linear 36-amino acid peptide pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The Y4R is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, most importantly pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and regulation of food intake. So far, Y4R binding affinities have been mostly studied in radiochemical binding assays. Except for a few fluorescently labeled PP derivatives, fluorescence-tagged Y4R ligands with high affinity have not been reported. Here, we introduce differently fluorescence-labeled (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, Py-1, Py-5) Y4R ligands derived from recently reported cyclic hexapeptides showing picomolar Y4R binding affinity. With pKi values of 9.22-9.71 (radioligand competition binding assay), all fluorescent ligands (16-19) showed excellent Y4R affinity. Y4R saturation binding, binding kinetics, and competition binding with reference ligands were studied using different fluorescence-based methods: flow cytometry (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, and Py-1 label), fluorescence anisotropy (Cy3B label), and NanoBRET (Cy3B label) binding assays. These experiments confirmed the high binding affinity to Y4R (equilibrium pKd: 9.02-9.9) and proved the applicability of the probes for fluorescence-based Y4R competition binding studies and imaging techniques such as single-receptor molecule tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gleixner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maris-Johanna Tahk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veikšina
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O. Gattor
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J. Humphrys
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute
of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical
Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Max Keller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Nagl M, Mönnich D, Rosier N, Schihada H, Sirbu A, Konar N, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Franco R, Kolb P, Annibale P, Pockes S. Fluorescent Tools for the Imaging of Dopamine D 2 -Like Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300659. [PMID: 37942961 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The family of dopamine D2 -like receptors represents an interesting target for a variety of neurological diseases, e. g. Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, or schizophrenia. In this study we describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands as tools for visualization of dopamine D2 -like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR-MN212 (20) as a high-affinity ligand for D2 -like receptors (pKi (D2long R)=8.24, pKi (D3 R)=8.58, pKi (D4 R)=7.78) with decent selectivity towards D1 -like receptors. Compound 20 is a neutral antagonist in a Go1 activation assay at the D2long R, D3 R, and D4 R, which is an important feature for studies using whole cells. The neutral antagonist 20, equipped with a 5-TAMRA dye, displayed rapid association to the D2long R in binding studies using confocal microscopy demonstrating its suitability for fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, in molecular brightness studies, the ligand's binding affinity could be determined in a single-digit nanomolar range that was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. Therefore, the fluorescent compound can be used for quantitative characterization of native D2 -like receptors in a broad variety of experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexei Sirbu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Nergis Konar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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4
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Rosier N, Mönnich D, Nagl M, Schihada H, Sirbu A, Konar N, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Franco R, Kolb P, Annibale P, Pockes S. Shedding Light on the D 1 -Like Receptors: A Fluorescence-Based Toolbox for Visualization of the D 1 and D 5 Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300658. [PMID: 37983731 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D1 -like receptors are the most abundant type of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and, even after decades of discovery, still highly interesting for the study of neurological diseases. We herein describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands, structurally derived from D1 R antagonist SCH-23390 and labeled with two different fluorescent dyes, as tool compounds for the visualization of D1 -like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR-NR435 (25) as a high-affinity ligand for D1 -like receptors (pKi (D1 R)=8.34, pKi (D5 R)=7.62) with excellent selectivity towards D2 -like receptors. Compound 25 proved to be a neutral antagonist at the D1 R and D5 R in a Gs heterotrimer dissociation assay, an important feature to avoid receptor internalization and degradation when working with whole cells. The neutral antagonist 25 displayed rapid association and complete dissociation to the D1 R in kinetic binding studies using confocal microscopy verifying its applicability for fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, molecular brightness studies determined a single-digit nanomolar binding affinity of the ligand, which was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. For this reason, this fluorescent ligand is a useful tool for a sophisticated characterization of native D1 receptors in a variety of experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexei Sirbu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nergis Konar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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5
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Yang H, Micovic N, Monaghan JR, Clark HA. Click Chemistry-Enabled Conjugation Strategy for Producing Dibenzodiazepinone-Type Fluorescent Probes To Target M 2 Acetylcholine Receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2223-2233. [PMID: 36327428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescently labeled receptor-targeting compounds represents a powerful pharmacological tool to study and characterize ligand-receptor interactions. Despite significant advances in developing sub-type-specific antagonists for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), reports on antagonists feasible for click chemistry are less common. Here, we designed and synthesized an antagonist suitable for probe attachment through click chemistry, namely, dibenzodiazepinone (DIBA)-alkyne, based on a previously reported DIBA scaffold with a high binding affinity to type-2 mAChR (M2R). To demonstrate the versatility of DIBA-alkyne as a building block for bioconjugates, we assembled DIBA-alkyne with Cyanine5 fluorophores (Cy5) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) biomolecules to obtain fluorescent DIBA antagonist (DIBA-Cy5) and fluorescent DIBA PEG derivatives. Flow cytometric analysis showed that DIBA-Cy5 possessed a high binding affinity to M2R (Kd = 1.80 nM), a two-order magnitude higher binding affinity than M1R. Fluorescent DIBA PEG derivatives maintained a potent binding to the M2R (Kd ≤ 4 nM), confirmed by confocal microscopic imaging. Additionally, DIBA-Cy5 can serve as a fluorescent ligand in the receptor-ligand competitive binding assay for other mAChR ligands, an attractive alternative to the traditional radioligand-based assay. The competitive binding mode between DIBA-Cy5 and orthosteric antagonist atropine/allosteric modulator LY2119620 indicated a dualsteric binding mode of the DIBA-type antagonist to M2R. Lastly, we demonstrated the direct staining of DIBA-Cy5 to M2R receptors in the sinoatrial node of a mouse heart. The adaptability of the clickable DIBA antagonist to a wide range of fluorophores and biomolecules can facilitate its use in various biomedical applications such as binding assays that screen compounds for M2R as the receptor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Nicholas Micovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - James R Monaghan
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
- Institute for Chemical Imaging of Living Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Heather A Clark
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85281, United States
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6
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Grätz L, Müller C, Pegoli A, Schindler L, Bernhardt G, Littmann T. Insertion of Nanoluc into the Extracellular Loops as a Complementary Method To Establish BRET-Based Binding Assays for GPCRs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1142-1155. [PMID: 36407949 PMCID: PMC9667534 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence-based techniques play an increasingly important role in all areas of biochemical research, including investigations on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). One quite recent and popular addition has been made by introducing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based binding assays for GPCRs, which are based on the fusion of nanoluciferase (Nluc) to the N-terminus of the receptor and the occurring energy transfer via BRET to a bound fluorescent ligand. However, being based on BRET, the technique is strongly dependent on the distance/orientation between the luciferase and the fluorescent ligand. Here we describe an alternative strategy to establish BRET-based binding assays for GPCRs, where the N-terminal fusion of Nluc did not result in functioning test systems with our fluorescent ligands (e.g., for the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (Y1R) and the neurotensin receptor type 1 (NTS1R)). Instead, we introduced Nluc into their second extracellular loop and we obtained binding data for the fluorescent ligands and reported standard ligands (in saturation and competition binding experiments, respectively) comparable to data from the literature. The strategy was transferred to the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1R), which led to affinity estimates comparable to data from radioligand binding experiments. Additionally, an analysis of the binding kinetics of all fluorescent ligands at their respective target was performed using the newly described receptor/Nluc-constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Schindler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Chen M, Zhu Z, Wisniewski T, Zhang X, McLaren DG, Weinglass A, Saldanha SA. Label-free LC-MS based assay to characterize small molecule compound binding to cells. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:405-412. [PMID: 36064100 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Study of small molecule binding to live cells provides important information on the characterization of ligands pharmacologically. Here we developed and validated a label-free, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based cell binding assay, using centrifugation to separate binders from non-binders. This assay was applied to various target classes, with particular emphasis on those for which protein-based binding assay can be difficult to achieve. In one example, to study a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), we used one antagonist as probe and multiple other antagonists as competitor ligands. Binding of the probe was confirmed to be specific and saturable, reaching a fast equilibrium. Competition binding analysis by titration of five known ligands suggested a good correlation with their inhibition potency. In another example, this assay was applied to an ion channel target with its agonists, of which the determined binding affinity was consistent with functional assays. This versatile method allows quantitative characterization of ligand binding to cell surface expressed targets in a physiologically relevant environment.
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8
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Yeast-based directed-evolution for high-throughput structural stabilization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sci Rep 2022; 12:8657. [PMID: 35606532 PMCID: PMC9126886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense potential of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as targets for drug discovery is not fully realized due to the enormous difficulties associated with structure elucidation of these profoundly unstable membrane proteins. The existing methods of GPCR stability-engineering are cumbersome and low-throughput; in addition, the scope of GPCRs that could benefit from these techniques is limited. Here, we present a yeast-based screening platform for a single-step isolation of GRCR variants stable in the presence of short-chain detergents, a feature essential for their successful crystallization using vapor diffusion method. The yeast detergent-resistant cell wall presents a unique opportunity for compartmentalization, to physically link the receptor's phenotype to its encoding DNA, and thus enable discovery of stable GPCR variants with unprecedent efficiency. The scope of mutations identified by the method reveals a surprising amenability of the GPCR scaffold to stabilization, and suggests an intriguing possibility of amending the stability properties of GPCR by varying the structural status of the C-terminus.
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9
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Bano I, Malhi M, Zhao M, Giurgiulescu L, Sajjad H, Kieliszek M. A review on cullin neddylation and strategies to identify its inhibitors for cancer therapy. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:103. [PMID: 35463041 PMCID: PMC8964847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the biggest components of the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein family, and they represent an essential role in various diseases that occur because of abnormal activation, particularly in tumors development. Regulation of CRLs needs neddylation, a post-translational modification involving an enzymatic cascade that transfers small, ubiquitin-like NEDD8 protein to CRLs. Many previous studies have confirmed neddylation as an enticing target for anticancer drug discoveries, and few recent studies have also found a significant increase in advancement in protein neddylation, including preclinical and clinical target validation to discover the neddylation inhibitor compound. In the present review, we first presented briefly the essence of CRLs' neddylation and its control, systematic analysis of CRLs, followed by the description of a few recorded chemical inhibitors of CRLs neddylation enzymes with recent examples of preclinical and clinical targets. We have also listed various structure-based pointing of protein-protein dealings in the CRLs' neddylation reaction, and last, the methods available to discover new inhibitors of neddylation are elaborated. This review will offer a concentrated, up-to-date, and detailed description of the discovery of neddylation inhibitors.
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10
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Harwood CR, Sykes DA, Hoare BL, Heydenreich FM, Uddin R, Poyner DR, Briddon SJ, Veprintsev DB. Functional solubilization of the β 2-adrenoceptor using diisobutylene maleic acid. iScience 2021; 24:103362. [PMID: 34825145 PMCID: PMC8605084 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) is a well-established target in asthma and a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor for biophysical studies. Solubilization of membrane proteins has classically involved the use of detergents. However, the detergent environment differs from the native membrane environment and often destabilizes membrane proteins. Use of amphiphilic copolymers is a promising strategy to solubilize membrane proteins within their native lipid environment in the complete absence of detergents. Here we show the isolation of the β2AR in the polymer diisobutylene maleic acid (DIBMA). We demonstrate that β2AR remains functional in the DIBMA lipid particle and shows improved thermal stability compared with the n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside detergent-solubilized β2AR. This unique method of extracting β2AR offers significant advantages over previous methods routinely employed such as the introduction of thermostabilizing mutations and the use of detergents, particularly for functional biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare R Harwood
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Sykes
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Bradley L Hoare
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Franziska M Heydenreich
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romez Uddin
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - David R Poyner
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D B Veprintsev
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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11
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Rosier N, Grätz L, Schihada H, Möller J, Işbilir A, Humphrys LJ, Nagl M, Seibel U, Lohse MJ, Pockes S. A Versatile Sub-Nanomolar Fluorescent Ligand Enables NanoBRET Binding Studies and Single-Molecule Microscopy at the Histamine H 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11695-11708. [PMID: 34309390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is considered an attractive drug target for various neurological diseases. We here report the synthesis of UR-NR266, a novel fluorescent H3R ligand. Broad pharmacological characterization revealed UR-NR266 as a sub-nanomolar compound at the H3R with an exceptional selectivity profile within the histamine receptor family. The presented neutral antagonist showed fast association to its target and complete dissociation in kinetic binding studies. Detailed characterization of standard H3R ligands in NanoBRET competition binding using UR-NR266 highlights its value as a versatile pharmacological tool to analyze future H3R ligands. The low nonspecific binding observed in all experiments could also be verified in TIRF and confocal microscopy. This fluorescent probe allows the highly specific analysis of native H3R in various assays ranging from optical high throughput technologies to biophysical analyses and single-molecule studies in its natural environment. An off-target screening at 14 receptors revealed UR-NR266 as a selective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jan Möller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany.,ISAR Bioscience Institute, Semmelweisstraße 5, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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12
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Işbilir A, Serfling R, Möller J, Thomas R, De Faveri C, Zabel U, Scarselli M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Bock A, Coin I, Lohse MJ, Annibale P. Determination of G-protein-coupled receptor oligomerization by molecular brightness analyses in single cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1419-1451. [PMID: 33514946 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization of membrane proteins has received intense research interest because of their importance in cellular signaling and the large pharmacological and clinical potential this offers. Fluorescence imaging methods are emerging as a valid tool to quantify membrane protein oligomerization at high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for an image-based method to determine the number and oligomerization state of fluorescently labeled prototypical G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the basis of small out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in fluorescence (i.e., molecular brightness) in single cells. The protocol provides a step-by-step procedure that includes instructions for (i) a flexible labeling strategy for the protein of interest (using fluorescent proteins, small self-labeling tags or bio-orthogonal labeling) and the appropriate controls, (ii) performing temporal and spatial brightness image acquisition on a confocal microscope and (iii) analyzing and interpreting the data, excluding clusters and intensity hot-spots commonly observed in receptor distributions. Although specifically tailored for GPCRs, this protocol can be applied to diverse classes of membrane proteins of interest. The complete protocol can be implemented in 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Serfling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Möller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Thomas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara De Faveri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Lee KS, Navaluna E, Marsh NM, Janezic EM, Hague C. Development of a Novel SNAP-Epitope Tag/Near-Infrared Imaging Assay to Quantify G Protein-Coupled Receptor Degradation in Human Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:570-578. [PMID: 33402011 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220979793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel reporter assay that leverages SNAP-epitope tag/near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology to monitor G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) degradation in human cell lines. N-terminal SNAP-tagged GPCRs were subcloned and expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and then subjected to 24 h of cycloheximide (CHX)-chase degradation assays to quantify receptor degradation half-lives (t1/2) using LICOR NIR imaging-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Thus far, we have used this method to quantify t1/2 for all nine adrenergic (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3), five somatostatin (SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5), four chemokine (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5), and three 5-HT2 (5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT2C) receptor subtypes. SNAP-GPCR-CHX degradation t1/2 values ranged from 0.52 h (ADRA1D) to 5.5 h (SSTR3). On the contrary, both the SNAP-tag alone and SNAP-tagged and endogenous β-actin were resistant to degradation with CHX treatment. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib produced significant but variable increases in SNAP-GPCR protein expression levels, indicating that SNAP-GPCR degradation primarily occurs through the proteasome. Remarkably, endogenous β2-adrenergic receptor/ADRB2 dynamic mass redistribution functional responses to norepinephrine were significantly decreased following CHX treatment, with a time course equivalent to that observed with the SNAP-ADRB2 degradation assay. We subsequently adapted this assay into a 96-well glass-bottom plate format to facilitate high-throughput GPCR degradation screening. t1/2 values quantified for the α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADR1D) using the 96-well-plate format correlated with t1/2 values quantified using NIR-PAGE imaging analysis. In summary, this novel assay permits precise quantitative analysis of GPCR degradation in human cells and can be readily adapted to quantify degradation for any membrane protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edelmar Navaluna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric M Janezic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Dengler DG, Sun Q, Holleran J, Pollari S, Beutel J, Brown BT, Shinoki Iwaya A, Ardecky R, Harikumar KG, Miller LJ, Sergienko EA. Development of a Testing Funnel for Identification of Small-Molecule Modulators Targeting Secretin Receptors. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:1-16. [PMID: 32749201 PMCID: PMC8278649 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220945284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secretin receptor (SCTR), a prototypical class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), exerts its effects mainly by activating Gαs proteins upon binding of its endogenous peptide ligand secretin. SCTRs can be found in a variety of tissues and organs across species, including the pancreas, stomach, liver, heart, lung, colon, kidney, and brain. Beyond that, modulation of SCTR-mediated signaling has therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple diseases, such as heart failure, obesity, and diabetes. However, no ligands other than secretin and its peptide analogs have been described to regulate SCTRs, probably due to inherent challenges in family B GPCR drug discovery. Here we report creation of a testing funnel that allowed targeted detection of SCTR small-molecule activators. Pursuing the strategy to identify positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), we established a unique primary screening assay employing a mixture of three orthosteric stimulators that was compared in a screening campaign testing 12,000 small-molecule compounds. Beyond that, we developed a comprehensive set of secondary assays, such as a radiolabel-free target engagement assay and a NanoBiT (NanoLuc Binary Technology)-based approach to detect β-arrestin-2 recruitment, all feasible in a high-throughput environment as well as capable of profiling ligands and hits regarding their effect on binding and receptor function. This combination of methods enabled the discovery of five promising scaffolds, four of which have been validated and further characterized with respect to their allosteric activities. We propose that our results may serve as starting points for developing the first in vivo active small molecules targeting SCTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G. Dengler
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qing Sun
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Holleran
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sirkku Pollari
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jannis Beutel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemikum, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brock T. Brown
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aki Shinoki Iwaya
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Ardecky
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eduard A. Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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15
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Tóth AD, Garger D, Prokop S, Soltész-Katona E, Várnai P, Balla A, Turu G, Hunyady L. A general method for quantifying ligand binding to unmodified receptors using Gaussia luciferase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100366. [PMID: 33545176 PMCID: PMC7950324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable measurement of ligand binding to cell surface receptors is of outstanding biological and pharmacological importance. Resonance energy transfer-based assays are powerful approaches to achieve this goal, but the currently available methods are hindered by the necessity of receptor tagging, which can potentially alter ligand binding properties. Therefore, we developed a tag-free system to measure ligand‒receptor interactions in live cells using the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) as a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer donor. GLuc is as small as the commonly applied Nanoluciferase but has enhanced brightness, and its proper substrate is the frequently used coelenterazine. In our assay, bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer is detected between a GLuc-based extracellular surface biosensor and fluorescent ligands bound to their unmodified receptors. The broad spectrum of applications includes equilibrium and kinetic ligand binding measurements for both labeled and competitive unlabeled ligands, and the assay can be utilized for different classes of plasma membrane receptors. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for high-throughput screening, as evidenced by the identification of novel α1 adrenergic receptor ligands. Our data demonstrate that GLuc-based biosensors provide a simple, sensitive, and cost-efficient platform for drug characterization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Dávid Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Garger
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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BRET- and fluorescence anisotropy-based assays for real-time monitoring of ligand binding to M 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118930. [PMID: 33347921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BRET and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) are two fluorescence-based techniques used for the characterization of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and both allow monitoring of ligand binding in real time. In this study, we present the first direct comparison of BRET-based and FA-based binding assays using the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R) and two TAMRA (5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine)-labeled fluorescent ligands as a model system. The determined fluorescent ligand affinities from both assays were in good agreement with results obtained from radioligand competition binding experiments. The assays yielded real-time kinetic binding data revealing differences in the mechanism of binding for the investigated fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the investigation of various unlabeled M2R ligands yielded pharmacological profiles in accordance with earlier reported data. Taken together, this study showed that BRET- and FA-based binding assays represent valuable alternatives to radioactivity-based methods for screening purposes and for a precise characterization of binding kinetics supporting the exploration of binding mechanisms.
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17
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Allikalt A, Purkayastha N, Flad K, Schmidt MF, Tabor A, Gmeiner P, Hübner H, Weikert D. Fluorescent ligands for dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21842. [PMID: 33318558 PMCID: PMC7736868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands are versatile tools for the study of G protein-coupled receptors. Depending on the fluorophore, they can be used for a range of different applications, including fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET or FRET) assays. Starting from phenylpiperazines and indanylamines, privileged scaffolds for dopamine D2-like receptors, we developed dansyl-labeled fluorescent ligands that are well accommodated in the binding pockets of D2 and D3 receptors. These receptors are the target proteins for the therapy for several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The dansyl-labeled ligands exhibit binding affinities up to 0.44 nM and 0.29 nM at D2R and D3R, respectively. When the dansyl label was exchanged for sterically more demanding xanthene or cyanine dyes, fluorescent ligands 10a-c retained excellent binding properties and, as expected from their indanylamine pharmacophore, acted as agonists at D2R. While the Cy3B-labeled ligand 10b was used to visualize D2R and D3R on the surface of living cells by total internal reflection microscopy, ligand 10a comprising a rhodamine label showed excellent properties in a NanoBRET binding assay at D3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Allikalt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nirupam Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Khajidmaa Flad
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Tabor
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Pickford P, Lucey M, Fang Z, Bitsi S, de la Serna JB, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Minnion J, Rutter GA, Bloom SR, Tomas A, Jones B. Signalling, trafficking and glucoregulatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 and lixisenatide. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3905-3923. [PMID: 32436216 PMCID: PMC7429481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amino acid substitutions at the N-termini of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist peptides result in distinct patterns of intracellular signalling, sub-cellular trafficking and efficacy in vivo. Here, we to determine whether sequence differences at the ligand C-termini of clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 and lixisenatide lead to similar phenomena. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Exendin-4, lixisenatide and N-terminally substituted analogues with biased signalling characteristics were compared across a range of in vitro trafficking and signalling assays in different cell types. Fluorescent ligands and new time-resolved FRET approaches were developed to study agonist behaviours at the cellular and sub-cellular level. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects of each parent ligand and their biased derivatives were assessed in mice. KEY RESULTS Lixisenatide and exendin-4 showed equal binding affinity, but lixisenatide was fivefold less potent for cAMP signalling. Both peptides induced extensive GLP-1 receptor clustering in the plasma membrane and were rapidly endocytosed, but the GLP-1 receptor recycled more slowly to the cell surface after lixisenatide treatment. These combined deficits resulted in reduced maximal sustained insulin secretion and reduced anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects in mice with lixisenatide. N-terminal substitution of His1 by Phe1 to both ligands had favourable effects on their pharmacology, resulting in improved insulin release and lowering of blood glucose. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes to the C-terminus of exendin-4 affect signalling potency and GLP-1 receptor trafficking via mechanisms unrelated to GLP-1 receptor occupancy. These differences were associated with changes in their ability to control blood glucose and therefore may be therapeutically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Pickford
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Lucey
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Zijian Fang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchHeidelbergGermany
- Department Chemical BiologyLeibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamUK
| | - James Minnion
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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19
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Cho U, Chen JK. Lanthanide-Based Optical Probes of Biological Systems. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:921-936. [PMID: 32735780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of lanthanides, such as europium, terbium, and ytterbium, make them versatile molecular probes of biological systems. In particular, their long-lived photoluminescence, narrow bandwidth emissions, and large Stokes shifts enable experiments that are infeasible with organic fluorophores and fluorescent proteins. The ability of these metal ions to undergo luminescence resonance energy transfer, and photon upconversion further expands the capabilities of lanthanide probes. In this review, we describe recent advances in the design of lanthanide luminophores and their application in biological research. We also summarize the latest detection systems that have been developed to fully exploit the optical properties of lanthanide luminophores. We conclude with a discussion of remaining challenges and new frontiers in lanthanide technologies. The unprecedented levels of sensitivity and multiplexing afforded by rare-earth elements illustrate how chemistry can enable new approaches in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae Cho
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Robers MB, Friedman-Ohana R, Huber KVM, Kilpatrick L, Vasta JD, Berger BT, Chaudhry C, Hill S, Müller S, Knapp S, Wood KV. Quantifying Target Occupancy of Small Molecules Within Living Cells. Annu Rev Biochem 2020; 89:557-581. [PMID: 32208767 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-011420-092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The binding affinity and kinetics of target engagement are fundamental to establishing structure-activity relationships (SARs) for prospective therapeutic agents. Enhancing these binding parameters for operative targets, while minimizing binding to off-target sites, can translate to improved drug efficacy and a widened therapeutic window. Compound activity is typically assessed through modulation of an observed phenotype in cultured cells. Quantifying the corresponding binding properties under common cellular conditions can provide more meaningful interpretation of the cellular SAR analysis. Consequently, methods for assessing drug binding in living cells have advanced and are now integral to medicinal chemistry workflows. In this review, we survey key technological advancements that support quantitative assessments of target occupancy in cultured cells, emphasizing generalizable methodologies able to deliver analytical precision that heretofore required reductionist biochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Robers
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA; , ,
| | | | - K V M Huber
- Target Discovery Institute and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom; .,Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; , .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - J D Vasta
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA; , ,
| | - B-T Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; ,
| | - C Chaudhry
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, USA;
| | - S Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; , .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - S Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; , .,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - S Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; , .,Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; .,German Cancer Network (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K V Wood
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA; , , .,Current affiliation: Light Bio, Inc., Mount Horeb, Wisconsin 53572, USA;
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Kosmidis S, Polyzos A, Harvey L, Youssef M, Denny CA, Dranovsky A, Kandel ER. RbAp48 Protein Is a Critical Component of GPR158/OCN Signaling and Ameliorates Age-Related Memory Loss. Cell Rep 2019; 25:959-973.e6. [PMID: 30355501 PMCID: PMC7725275 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely deciphering the molecular mechanisms of age-related memory loss is crucial to create appropriate therapeutic interventions. We have previously shown that the histone-binding protein RbAp48/Rbbp4 is a molecular determinant of Age-Related Memory Loss. By exploring how this protein regulates the genomic landscape of the hippocampal circuit, we find that RbAp48 controls the expression of BDNF and GPR158 proteins, both critical components of osteocalcin (OCN) signaling in the mouse hippocampus. We show that inhibition of RbAp48 in the hippocampal formation inhibits OCN's beneficial functions in cognition and causes deficits in discrimination memory. In turn, disruption of OCN/GPR158 signaling leads to the downregulation of RbAp48 protein, mimicking the discrimination memory deficits observed in the aged hippocampus. We also show that activation of the OCN/GPR158 pathway increases the expression of RbAp48 in the aged dentate gyrus and rescues age-related memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandros Polyzos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucas Harvey
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine A Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH), New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric R Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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23
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Buenaventura T, Bitsi S, Laughlin WE, Burgoyne T, Lyu Z, Oqua AI, Norman H, McGlone ER, Klymchenko AS, Corrêa IR, Walker A, Inoue A, Hanyaloglu A, Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Calebiro D, Rutter GA, Bloom SR, Jones B, Tomas A. Agonist-induced membrane nanodomain clustering drives GLP-1 receptor responses in pancreatic beta cells. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000097. [PMID: 31430273 PMCID: PMC6716783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a key pharmacological target in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, undergoes rapid endocytosis after stimulation by endogenous and therapeutic agonists. We have previously highlighted the relevance of this process in fine-tuning GLP-1R responses in pancreatic beta cells to control insulin secretion. In the present study, we demonstrate an important role for the translocation of active GLP-1Rs into liquid-ordered plasma membrane nanodomains, which act as hotspots for optimal coordination of intracellular signaling and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This process is dynamically regulated by agonist binding through palmitoylation of the GLP-1R at its carboxyl-terminal tail. Biased GLP-1R agonists and small molecule allosteric modulation both influence GLP-1R palmitoylation, clustering, nanodomain signaling, and internalization. Downstream effects on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells indicate that these processes are relevant to GLP-1R physiological actions and might be therapeutically targetable. Nanodomain segregation and clustering of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, a key target for type 2 diabetes therapy, is regulated by agonist binding, leading to compartmentalization of downstream signaling and clathrin-dependent internalization and impacting pancreatic beta cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buenaventura
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Laughlin
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zekun Lyu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Affiong I. Oqua
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Norman
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R. McGlone
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Ivan R. Corrêa
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abigail Walker
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aylin Hanyaloglu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AT); (BJ)
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AT); (BJ)
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24
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Sykes DA, Jain P, Charlton SJ. Investigating the Influence of Tracer Kinetics on Competition-Kinetic Association Binding Assays: Identifying the Optimal Conditions for Assessing the Kinetics of Low-Affinity Compounds. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:378-392. [PMID: 31436538 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased appreciation of the importance of optimizing drug-binding kinetics has lead to the development of various techniques for measuring the kinetics of unlabeled compounds. One approach is the competition-association kinetic binding method first described in the 1980s. The kinetic characteristics of the tracer employed greatly affects the reliability of estimated kinetic parameters, a barrier to successfully introducing these kinetic assays earlier in the drug discovery process. Using a modeling and Monte Carlo simulation approach, we identify the optimal tracer characteristics for determining the kinetics of the range of unlabeled ligands typically encountered during the different stages of a drug discovery program (i.e., rapidly dissociating, e.g., k off = 10 minute-1 low-affinity "hits" through to slowly dissociating e.g., k off = 0.01 minute-1 high-affinity "candidates"). For more rapidly dissociating ligands (e.g., k off = 10 minute-1), the key to obtaining accurate kinetic parameters was to employ a tracer with a relatively fast off-rate (e.g., k off = 1 minute-1) or, alternatively, to increase the tracer concentration. Reductions in assay start-time ≤1second and read frequency ≤5 seconds significantly improved the reliability of curve fitting. Timing constraints are largely dictated by the method of detection, its inherent sensitivity (e.g., TR-FRET versus radiometric detection), and the ability to inject samples online. Furthermore, we include data from TR-FRET experiments that validate this simulation approach, confirming its practical utility. These insights into the optimal experimental parameters for development of competition-association assays provide a framework for identifying and testing novel tracers necessary for profiling unlabeled competitors, particularly rapidly dissociating low-affinity competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sykes
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); and Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.)
| | - Palash Jain
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); and Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.)
| | - Steven J Charlton
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (D.A.S., P.J., S.J.C.); and Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.)
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25
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Sykes DA, Stoddart LA, Kilpatrick LE, Hill SJ. Binding kinetics of ligands acting at GPCRs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:9-19. [PMID: 30738950 PMCID: PMC6406023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of drug-receptor binding kinetics has often been overlooked during the development of new therapeutics that target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Over the last decade there has been a growing understanding that an in-depth knowledge of binding kinetics at GPCRs is required to successfully target this class of proteins. Ligand binding to a GPCR is often not a simple single step process with ligand freely diffusing in solution. This review will discuss the experiments and equations that are commonly used to measure binding kinetics and how factors such as allosteric regulation, rebinding and ligand interaction with the plasma membrane may influence these measurements. We will then consider the molecular characteristics of a ligand and if these can be linked to association and dissociation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sykes
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
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26
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Heuninck J, Hounsou C, Dupuis E, Trinquet E, Mouillac B, Pin JP, Bonnet D, Durroux T. Time-Resolved FRET-Based Assays to Characterize G Protein-Coupled Receptor Hetero-oligomer Pharmacology. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1947:151-168. [PMID: 30969415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9121-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization is a matter of debate, it has been shown that the nature of the GPCR partners within the oligomers can influence the pharmacological properties of the receptors. Therefore, finding specific ligands for homo- or hetero-oligomers opens new perspectives for drug discovery. However, no efficient experimental strategy to screen for such ligands existed yet. Indeed, conventional binding strategies do not discriminate ligand binding on GPCR monomers, homo- or hetero-oligomers. To address this issue, we recently developed a new assay based on a time-resolved FRET method that is easy to implement and that can focus on ligand binding specifically on the hetero-oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Heuninck
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U. 1191, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candide Hounsou
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U. 1191, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Mouillac
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U. 1191, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U. 1191, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, LabEx MEDALIS, Illkirch, France.
| | - Thierry Durroux
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.
- INSERM, U. 1191, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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27
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High-resolution crystal structure of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor in complex with a peptide agonist. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:1086-1092. [PMID: 30455434 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a class B multidomain G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that controls calcium homeostasis. Two endogenous peptide ligands, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), activate the receptor, and their analogs teriparatide and abaloparatide are used in the clinic to increase bone formation as an effective yet costly treatment for osteoporosis. Activation of PTH1R involves binding of the peptide ligand to the receptor extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane domain (TMD), a hallmark of class B GPCRs. Here, we present the crystal structure of human PTH1R in complex with a peptide agonist at 2.5-Å resolution, allowing us to delineate the agonist binding mode for this receptor and revealing molecular details within conserved structural motifs that are critical for class B receptor function. Thus, this study provides structural insight into the function of PTH1R and extends our understanding of this therapeutically important class of GPCRs.
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28
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Cheignon C, Cordeau E, Prache N, Cantel S, Martinez J, Subra G, Arnaudguilhem C, Bouyssiere B, Enjalbal C. Receptor-Ligand Interaction Measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Selenium Labeling. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10173-10184. [PMID: 30395477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the search for an alternative strategy to the radioactivity measurement conventionally performed to probe receptor-ligand interactions in pharmacological assays, we demonstrated that selenium labeling of the studied ligand combined with elemental mass spectrometry was as efficient and robust as the reference method but devoid of its environmental and health hazards. The proof-of-concept was illustrated on two GPCR receptors, vasopressin (V1A) and cholecystokinin B (CCK-B), involving peptides as endogenous ligands. We proposed several methodologies to produce selenium-labeled ligands according to peptide sequences along with binding affinity constraints. A selection of selenopeptides that kept high affinities toward the targeted receptor were engaged in saturation and competitive binding experiments with subsequent sensitive RP-LC-ICP-MS measurements. Experimental values of affinity constant ( Ki) were perfectly correlated to literature data, illustrating the general great potency of replacing radioactive iodine by selenium for ligand labeling to further undergo unaffected pharmacology experiments efficiently monitored by elemental mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Cheignon
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Emmanuelle Cordeau
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Nolween Prache
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
| | - Carine Arnaudguilhem
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 , 64000 Pau , France
| | - Brice Bouyssiere
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 , 64000 Pau , France
| | - Christine Enjalbal
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM , 34095 Montpellier , France
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29
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Mocking TAM, Verweij EWE, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Homogeneous, Real-Time NanoBRET Binding Assays for the Histamine H 3 and H 4 Receptors on Living Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1371-1381. [PMID: 30249614 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-binding affinity and ligand-receptor residence time are key parameters for the selection of drug candidates and are routinely determined using radioligand competition-binding assays. Recently, a novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) method utilizing a NanoLuc-fused receptor was introduced to detect fluorescent ligand binding. Moreover, this NanoBRET method gives the opportunity to follow fluorescent ligand binding on intact cells in real time, and therefore, results might better reflect in vivo conditions as compared with the routinely used cell homogenates or purified membrane fractions. In this study, a real-time NanoBRET-based binding assay was established and validated to detect binding of unlabeled ligands to the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) and histamine H4 receptor on intact cells. Obtained residence times of clinically tested H3R antagonists were reflected by their duration of H3R antagonism in a functional receptor recovery assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A M Mocking
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eléonore W E Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Comess KM, McLoughlin SM, Oyer JA, Richardson PL, Stöckmann H, Vasudevan A, Warder SE. Emerging Approaches for the Identification of Protein Targets of Small Molecules - A Practitioners’ Perspective. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8504-8535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Comess
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Shaun M. McLoughlin
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Jon A. Oyer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Paul L. Richardson
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Scott E. Warder
- AbbVie Inc., 1 Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
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31
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Jones B, Buenaventura T, Kanda N, Chabosseau P, Owen BM, Scott R, Goldin R, Angkathunyakul N, Corrêa IR, Bosco D, Johnson PR, Piemonti L, Marchetti P, Shapiro AMJ, Cochran BJ, Hanyaloglu AC, Inoue A, Tan T, Rutter GA, Tomas A, Bloom SR. Targeting GLP-1 receptor trafficking to improve agonist efficacy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1602. [PMID: 29686402 PMCID: PMC5913239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, causes weight loss, and is an important pharmacological target in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Like other G protein-coupled receptors, the GLP-1R undergoes agonist-mediated endocytosis, but the functional and therapeutic consequences of modulating GLP-1R endocytic trafficking have not been clearly defined. Here, we investigate a series of biased GLP-1R agonists with variable propensities for GLP-1R internalization and recycling. Compared to a panel of FDA-approved GLP-1 mimetics, compounds that retain GLP-1R at the plasma membrane produce greater long-term insulin release, which is dependent on a reduction in β-arrestin recruitment and faster agonist dissociation rates. Such molecules elicit glycemic benefits in mice without concomitant increases in signs of nausea, a common side effect of GLP-1 therapies. Our study identifies a set of agents with specific GLP-1R trafficking profiles and the potential for greater efficacy and tolerability as T2D treatments. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and undergoes agonist-mediated endocytosis. Here, authors study GLP-1R endocytosis caused by different agonists and show that a longer plasma membrane retention time of GLP-1R results in greater long-term insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Teresa Buenaventura
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nisha Kanda
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bryn M Owen
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rebecca Scott
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Napat Angkathunyakul
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (HSR-DRI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2C8, AB, Canada
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Section of Renal and Vascular Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.,School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Tricia Tan
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Cho U, Riordan DP, Ciepla P, Kocherlakota KS, Chen JK, Harbury PB. Ultrasensitive optical imaging with lanthanide lumiphores. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:15-21. [PMID: 29106397 PMCID: PMC5726931 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In principle, the millisecond emission lifetimes of lanthanide chelates should enable their ultrasensitive detection in biological systems by time-resolved optical microscopy. In practice, however, lanthanide imaging techniques have provided no better sensitivity than conventional fluorescence microscopy. Here, we identified three fundamental problems that have impeded lanthanide microscopy: low photon flux, inefficient excitation, and optics-derived background luminescence. We overcame these limitations with a new lanthanide imaging modality, transreflected illumination with luminescence resonance energy transfer (trLRET), which increases the time-integrated signal intensities of lanthanide lumiphores by 170-fold and the signal-to-background ratios by 75-fold. We demonstrate that trLRET provides at least an order-of-magnitude increase in detection sensitivity over that of conventional epifluorescence microscopy when used to visualize endogenous protein expression in zebrafish embryos. We also show that trLRET can be used to optically detect molecular interactions in vivo. trLRET promises to unlock the full potential of lanthanide lumiphores for ultrasensitive, autofluorescence-free biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae Cho
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel P. Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Paulina Ciepla
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kiranmai S. Kocherlakota
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James K. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pehr B. Harbury
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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33
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Hounsou C, Baehr C, Gasparik V, Alili D, Belhocine A, Rodriguez T, Dupuis E, Roux T, Mann A, Heissler D, Pin JP, Durroux T, Bonnet D, Hibert M. From the Promiscuous Asenapine to Potent Fluorescent Ligands Acting at a Series of Aminergic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Med Chem 2017; 61:174-188. [PMID: 29219316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and noradrenaline have important and varied physiological functions and similar chemical structures. Representing important pharmaceutical drug targets, the corresponding G-protein-coupled receptors (termed aminergic GPCRs) belong to the class of cell membrane receptors and share many levels of similarity as well. Given their pharmacological and structural closeness, one could hypothesize the possibility to derivatize a ubiquitous ligand to afford rapidly fluorescent probes for a large set of GPCRs to be used for instance in FRET-based binding assays. Here we report fluorescent derivatives of the nonselective agent asenapine which were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as ligands of 34 serotonin, dopamine, histamine, melatonin, acetylcholine, and adrenergic receptors. It appears that this strategy led rapidly to the discovery and development of nanomolar affinity fluorescent probes for 14 aminergic GPCRs. Selected probes were tested in competition binding assays with unlabeled competitors in order to demonstrate their suitability for drug discovery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candide Hounsou
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Corinne Baehr
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Gasparik
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Doria Alili
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Abderazak Belhocine
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thiéric Rodriguez
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Elodie Dupuis
- Cisbio Bioassays , Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - Thomas Roux
- Cisbio Bioassays , Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - André Mann
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Denis Heissler
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France.,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg , 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry Durroux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université de Montpellier (IFR3) , 141 Rue de la Cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France.,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg , 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Hibert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France.,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg , 67000 Strasbourg, France
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34
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Broussard JA, Green KJ. Research Techniques Made Simple: Methodology and Applications of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e185-e191. [PMID: 29055415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical biochemical techniques have contributed a great deal to our understanding of the mechanisms regulating fundamental biological processes. However, these approaches are typically end-point, population-based assays and are often insufficient in examining transient molecular events. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a powerful technique capable of investigating dynamic interactions between proteins and a plethora of biochemical signaling events based on the development of specific biosensors. This technique exploits the principle that when FRET occurs, energy from a donor fluorophore is transferred to an acceptor fluorophore only when certain conditions are met. These include dependence on both distance and fluorophore orientation. In this article, applications of FRET microscopy to protein interactions and modifications are discussed, and examples are given of the types of biosensors that can be developed. There are a number of methods to measure FRET. The most common modalities and specific advantages and shortcomings for each are reviewed. Finally, general considerations and guidelines for choosing a method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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35
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Diouf B, Lin W, Goktug A, Grace CRR, Waddell MB, Bao J, Shao Y, Heath RJ, Zheng JJ, Shelat AA, Relling MV, Chen T, Evans WE. Alteration of RNA Splicing by Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Interaction between NHP2L1 and U4. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:164-173. [PMID: 28985478 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217735035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Splicing is an important eukaryotic mechanism for expanding the transcriptome and proteome, influencing a number of biological processes. Understanding its regulation and identifying small molecules that modulate this process remain a challenge. We developed an assay based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) to detect the interaction between the protein NHP2L1 and U4 RNA, which are two key components of the spliceosome. We used this assay to identify small molecules that interfere with this interaction in a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign. Topotecan and other camptothecin derivatives were among the top hits. We confirmed that topotecan disrupts the interaction between NHP2L1 and U4 by binding to U4 and inhibits RNA splicing. Our data reveal new functions of known drugs that could facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to modify splicing and alter gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barthelemy Diouf
- 1 Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- 3 Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Asli Goktug
- 3 Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christy R R Grace
- 4 Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Brett Waddell
- 5 Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ju Bao
- 1 Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Youming Shao
- 6 Protein Production Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Heath
- 6 Protein Production Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- 7 Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- 3 Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- 1 Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- 3 Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E Evans
- 1 Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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36
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Jones BJ, Scopelliti R, Tomas A, Bloom SR, Hodson DJ, Broichhagen J. Potent Prearranged Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:501-505. [PMID: 28794944 PMCID: PMC5542757 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that allosterically modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity display higher specificity and may improve disease treatment. However, the rational design of compounds that target the allosteric site is difficult, as conformations required for receptor activation are poorly understood. Guided by photopharmacology, a set of prearranged positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with restricted degrees of freedom was designed and tested against the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a GPCR involved in glucose homeostasis. Compounds incorporating a trans-stilbene comprehensively outperformed those with a cis-stilbene, as well as the benchmark BETP, as GLP-1R PAMs. We also identified major effects of ligand conformation on GLP-1R binding kinetics and signal bias. Thus, we describe a photopharmacology-directed approach for rational drug design, and introduce a new class of stilbene-containing PAM for the specific regulation of GPCR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Jones
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneISIC SB, Laboratory of Protein EngineeringAv. Forel 21015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Imperial College LondonSection of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of MedicineLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Imperial College London, Section of Investigative MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamB15 2THUK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneISIC SB, Laboratory of Protein EngineeringAv. Forel 21015LausanneSwitzerland
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Medical ResearchDepartment of Chemical BiologyJahnstraße 2969120HeidelbergGermany
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37
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Dantas de Araujo A, Wu C, Wu KC, Reid RC, Durek T, Lim J, Fairlie DP. Europium-Labeled Synthetic C3a Protein as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Human Complement C3a Receptor. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1669-1676. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dantas de Araujo
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai-Chen Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C. Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Durek
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular
Bioscience, ‡Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular
Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and §Centre for Inflammation Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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38
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Marjanovic J, Baranczak A, Marin V, Stockmann H, Richardson PL, Vasudevan A. Development of inverse electron demand Diels-Alder ligation and TR-FRET assays for the determination of ligand-protein target occupancy in live cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:789-795. [PMID: 30108797 PMCID: PMC6072205 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Determination of target engagement following drug administration under physiological conditions is essential for understanding clinical outcomes of therapeutic candidates. While the list of potential techniques that enable studies of target engagement is continuously expanding, identification of the best method to evaluate interactions between a ligand and its cellular binding partner(s) remains far from straightforward. We developed and compared the applicability of two label-based techniques; inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IED-DA) ligation-based pull-down and TR-FRET assays for in-cell determination of target occupancy of c-Src kinase and p38-α kinase by the reversible inhibitor Dasatinib. Significantly, none of the assays required engineering proteins-of-interest. Moreover, cellular TR-FRET assay emerged as a very promising platform for the determination of target occupancy of specific protein in a high-throughput manner. Our studies suggest that both IED-DA assay and TR-FRET assay should be considered as methods of choice for the determination of target engagement of small molecule protein binders in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Marjanovic
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
| | - Aleksandra Baranczak
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
| | - Violeta Marin
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
| | - Henning Stockmann
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
| | - Paul L Richardson
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Rd , North Chicago , IL 60064 , USA .
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Zeilinger M, Pichler F, Nics L, Wadsak W, Spreitzer H, Hacker M, Mitterhauser M. New approaches for the reliable in vitro assessment of binding affinity based on high-resolution real-time data acquisition of radioligand-receptor binding kinetics. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:22. [PMID: 28271461 PMCID: PMC5340791 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resolving the kinetic mechanisms of biomolecular interactions have become increasingly important in early-phase drug development. Since traditional in vitro methods belong to dose-dependent assessments, binding kinetics is usually overlooked. The present study aimed at the establishment of two novel experimental approaches for the assessment of binding affinity of both, radiolabelled and non-labelled compounds targeting the A3R, based on high-resolution real-time data acquisition of radioligand-receptor binding kinetics. A novel time-resolved competition assay was developed and applied to determine the Ki of eight different A3R antagonists, using CHO-K1 cells stably expressing the hA3R. In addition, a new kinetic real-time cell-binding approach was established to quantify the rate constants kon and koff, as well as the dedicated Kd of the A3R agonist [125I]-AB-MECA. Furthermore, lipophilicity measurements were conducted to control influences due to physicochemical properties of the used compounds. Results Two novel real-time cell-binding approaches were successfully developed and established. Both experimental procedures were found to visualize the kinetic binding characteristics with high spatial and temporal resolution, resulting in reliable affinity values, which are in good agreement with values previously reported with traditional methods. Taking into account the lipophilicity of the A3R antagonists, no influences on the experimental performance and the resulting affinity were investigated. Conclusions Both kinetic binding approaches comprise tracer administration and subsequent binding to living cells, expressing the dedicated target protein. Therefore, the experiments resemble better the true in vivo physiological conditions and provide important markers of cellular feedback and biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Zeilinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Florian Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Spreitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy and Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Stoddart LA, White CW, Nguyen K, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based approaches to study GPCR ligand binding. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3028-37. [PMID: 26317175 PMCID: PMC5125978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding is a vital component of any pharmacologist's toolbox and allows the detailed investigation of how a molecule binds to its receptor. These studies enable the experimental determination of binding affinity of labelled and unlabelled compounds through kinetic, saturation (Kd ) and competition (Ki ) binding assays. Traditionally, these studies have used molecules labelled with radioisotopes; however, more recently, fluorescent ligands have been developed for this purpose. This review will briefly cover receptor ligand binding theory and then discuss the use of fluorescent ligands with some of the different technologies currently employed to examine ligand binding. Fluorescent ligands can be used for direct measurement of receptor-associated fluorescence using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry as well as in assays such as fluorescence polarization, where ligand binding is monitored by changes in the free rotation when a fluorescent ligand is bound to a receptor. Additionally, fluorescent ligands can act as donors or acceptors for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the development of assays based on FRET and time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET). Finally, we have recently developed a novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) ligand binding assay utilizing a small (19 kDa), super-bright luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) from a deep sea shrimp. In combination with fluorescent ligands, measurement of RET now provides an array of methodologies to study ligand binding. While each method has its own advantages and drawbacks, binding studies using fluorescent ligands are now a viable alternative to the use of radioligands. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl W White
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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Vicente-Sanchez A, Segura L, Pradhan AA. The delta opioid receptor tool box. Neuroscience 2016; 338:145-159. [PMID: 27349452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the delta opioid receptor has attracted increasing interest as a target for the treatment of chronic pain and emotional disorders. Due to their therapeutic potential, numerous tools have been developed to study the delta opioid receptor from both a molecular and a functional perspective. This review summarizes the most commonly available tools, with an emphasis on their use and limitations. Here, we describe (1) the cell-based assays used to study the delta opioid receptor. (2) The features of several delta opioid receptor ligands, including peptide and non-peptide drugs. (3) The existing approaches to detect delta opioid receptors in fixed tissue, and debates that surround these techniques. (4) Behavioral assays used to study the in vivo effects of delta opioid receptor agonists; including locomotor stimulation and convulsions that are induced by some ligands, but not others. (5) The characterization of genetically modified mice used specifically to study the delta opioid receptor. Overall, this review aims to provide a guideline for the use of these tools with the final goal of increasing our understanding of delta opioid receptor physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
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Tian H, Fürstenberg A, Huber T. Labeling and Single-Molecule Methods To Monitor G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dynamics. Chem Rev 2016; 117:186-245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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43
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Breen CJ, Raverdeau M, Voorheis HP. Development of a quantitative fluorescence-based ligand-binding assay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25769. [PMID: 27161290 PMCID: PMC4861924 DOI: 10.1038/srep25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of biology is to develop a quantitative ligand-binding assay that does not involve the use of radioactivity. Existing fluorescence-based assays have a serious drawback due to fluorescence quenching that accompanies the binding of fluorescently-labeled ligands to their receptors. This limitation of existing fluorescence-based assays prevents the number of cellular receptors under investigation from being accurately measured. We have developed a method where FITC-labeled proteins bound to a cell surface are proteolyzed extensively to eliminate fluorescence quenching and then the fluorescence of the resulting sample is compared to that of a known concentration of the proteolyzed FITC-protein employed. This step enables the number of cellular receptors to be measured quantitatively. We expect that this method will provide researchers with a viable alternative to the use of radioactivity in ligand binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Breen
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H Paul Voorheis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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44
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Use of Fluorescence Indicators in Receptor Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1335:115-30. [PMID: 26260598 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence techniques can provide insights into the environment of fluorescence indicators incorporated within a ligand as it is bound to its receptor. Fluorescence indicators of different sizes and chemical characteristics can provide insights into the nature of the binding environment, the surrounding structures, and even into conformational changes associated with receptor activation. Methods for determining fluorescence spectral analysis, fluorescence quenching, fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence lifetimes, and red edge excitation shifts of the ligand probes are described. The applications of these techniques to the CCK1 receptor occupied by alexa(488)-CCK and aladan-CCK, as examples of probes developed (1) by derivatization of an existing peptide and (2) by incorporation during peptide synthesis, are utilized as examples. These methods represent powerful tools to expand our understanding of the structure and molecular basis of ligand activation of G protein-coupled receptors.
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45
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Bio-nanocapsule-based scaffold improves the sensitivity and ligand-binding capacity of mammalian receptors on the sensor chip. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:805-13. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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46
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Hudson BD. Using Biosensors to Study Free Fatty Acid Receptor Pharmacology and Function. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 236:79-100. [PMID: 27757763 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid (FFA) family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has generated significant interest for exploiting its members as potential drug targets. However, unravelling the complex pharmacology of this family of receptors has proven challenging. In recent years the use of biosensor technologies capable of assessing biological functions in living cells, and in real time, has greatly enhanced our ability to study GPCR pharmacology and function. These include genetically encoded sensors that change the intensity or wavelength of light emitted from a bioluminescent or fluorescent protein in response to a stimulus, as well as non-genetically encoded sensors able to measure more global cellular changes, such as mass redistribution within a cell. This chapter will examine how these sensors can be used to study GPCRs, and in particular how they are helping uncover the pharmacology of the FFA family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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47
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Tian H, Sakmar TP, Huber T. Micelle-Enhanced Bioorthogonal Labeling of Genetically Encoded Azido Groups on the Lipid-Embedded Surface of a GPCR. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1314-22. [PMID: 25962668 PMCID: PMC5287413 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded p-azido-phenylalanine (azF) residues in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be targeted with dibenzocyclooctyne-modified (DIBO-modified) fluorescent probes by means of strain-promoted [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SpAAC). Here we show that azF residues situated on the transmembrane surfaces of detergent-solubilized receptors exhibit up to 1000-fold rate enhancement relative to azF residues on water-exposed surfaces. We show that the amphipathic moment of the labeling reagent, consisting of hydrophobic DIBO coupled to hydrophilic Alexa dye, results in strong partitioning of the DIBO group into the hydrocarbon core of the detergent micelle and consequently high local reactant concentrations. The observed rate constant for the micelleenhanced SpAAC is comparable with those of the fastest bioorthogonal labeling reactions known. Targeting hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins by use of micelle-enhanced SpAAC should expand the utility of bioorthogonal labeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA).
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 57 Huddinge (Sweden).
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA).
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Oueslati N, Hounsou C, Belhocine A, Rodriguez T, Dupuis E, Zwier JM, Trinquet E, Pin JP, Durroux T. Time-resolved FRET strategy to screen GPCR ligand library. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1272:23-36. [PMID: 25563174 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2336-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Screening chemical libraries to find specific drugs for G protein-coupled receptors is still of major interest. Indeed, because of their major roles in all physiological functions, G protein-coupled receptors remain major targets for drug development programs. Currently, interest in GPCRs as drug targets has been boosted by the discovery of biased ligands, thus allowing the development of drugs not only specific for one target but also for the specific signaling cascade expected to have the therapeutic effect. Such molecules are then expected to display fewer side effects. To reach such a goal, there is much interest in novel, efficient, simple, and direct screening assays that may help identify any drugs interacting with the target, these being then analyzed for their biased activity. Here, we present an efficient strategy to screen ligands on their binding properties. The method described is based on time-resolved FRET between a receptor and a ligand. This method has already been used to develop new assays called Tag-lite(®) binding assays for numerous G protein-coupled receptors, proving its broad application and its power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oueslati
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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49
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Hattori M, Ozawa T. Bioluminescent tools for the analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor and arrestin interactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New protein-based bioluminescent probes for monitoring GPCR interaction with β-arrestin are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
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50
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Structured and disordered facets of the GPCR fold. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 27:129-37. [PMID: 25198166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The seven-transmembrane (7TM) helix fold of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been adapted for a wide variety of physiologically important signaling functions. Here, we discuss the diversity in the structured and disordered regions of GPCRs based on the recently published crystal structures and sequence analysis of all human GPCRs. A comparison of the structures of rhodopsin-like receptors (class A), secretin-like receptors (class B), metabotropic receptors (class C) and frizzled receptors (class F) shows that the relative arrangement of the transmembrane helices is conserved across all four GPCR classes although individual receptors can be activated by ligand binding at varying positions within and around the transmembrane helical bundle. A systematic analysis of GPCR sequences reveals the presence of disordered segments in the cytoplasmic side, abundant post-translational modification sites, evidence for alternative splicing and several putative linear peptide motifs that have the potential to mediate interactions with cytosolic proteins. While the structured regions permit the receptor to bind diverse ligands, the disordered regions appear to have an underappreciated role in modulating downstream signaling in response to the cellular state. An integrated paradigm combining the knowledge of structured and disordered regions is imperative for gaining a holistic understanding of the GPCR (un)structure-function relationship.
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