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Zhang Z, Lu T, Li S, Zhao R, Li H, Zhang X, Li Y, Xia Y, Ni G. Acupuncture Extended the Thrombolysis Window by Suppressing Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Regulating Autophagy-Apoptosis Balance after Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38672048 PMCID: PMC11048240 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The narrow therapeutic window (within 4.5 h) and severe hemorrhagic potential limits therapeutic efficacy of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis for patients. Xingnao Kaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture is an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, specifically designed to address acute ischemic stroke by targeting key acupoints such as Shuigou (GV26) and Neiguan (PC6). In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of XNKQ acupuncture in extending the time window for thrombolysis and interrogated the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect. METHODS The effect of extending the thrombolysis window by acupuncture was evaluated via TTC staining, neuronal score evaluation, hemorrhagic transformation assay, and H&E staining. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was performed to identify the therapeutic targets and intervention mechanisms of acupuncture. Evans blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to evaluate the level of autophagy and apoptosis and validate their interactions with BBB endothelial cells. RESULTS Acupuncture alleviated infarction and neurological deficits and extended the thrombolysis window to 6 h. The RNA-seq revealed 16 potential therapeutic predictors for acupuncture intervention, which related to suppressing inflammation and restoring the function of BBB and blood vessels. Furthermore, acupuncture suppressed BBB leakage and preserved tight junction protein expression. The protective effect was associated with regulation of the autophagy-apoptosis balance in BBB endothelial cells. Acupuncture intervention dissociated the Beclin1/Bcl-2 complex, thereby promoting autophagy and reducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION XNKQ acupuncture could serve as an adjunctive therapy for rt-PA thrombolysis, aiming to extend the therapeutic time window and mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acupuncture suppressed BBB disruption by regulating the autophagy-apoptosis balance, which in turn extended the therapeutic window of rt-PA in IS. These findings provide a rationale for further exploration of acupuncture as a complementary candidate co-administered with rt-PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianliang Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruyu Zhao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honglei Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchang Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yawen Xia
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guangxia Ni
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
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Tan Z, Dong F, Wu L, Xu G, Zhang F. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation attenuated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by activating SIRT1-induced signaling pathway in MCAO/R rat models. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114658. [PMID: 38141805 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a beneficial role in cerebral ischemic injury. Previous reports have demonstrated that transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) exerts a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke; however, whether SIRT1 participates in the underlying mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of TEAS against ischemic brain damage has not been confirmed. METHODS The rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) were utilized in the current experiment. After MCAO/R surgery, rats in TEAS, EC and EX group received TEAS intervention with or without the injection of EX527, the SIRT1 inhibitor. Neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and apoptotic cell number were measured. The results of RNA sequencing were analyzed to determine the differential expression changes of genes among sham, MCAO and TEAS groups, in order to investigate the possible pathological processes involved in cerebral ischemia and explore the protective mechanisms of TEAS. Moreover, oxidative stress markers including MDA, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px were measured with assay kits. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, were detected by ELISA assay, and Iba-1 (the microglia marker protein) positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence (IF). Western blot and IF were utilized to examine the levels of key molecules in SIRT1/FOXO3a and SIRT1/BRCC3/NLRP3 signaling pathways. RESULTS TEAS significantly decreased brain infarcted size and apoptotic neuronal number, and alleviated neurological deficit scores and morphological injury by activating SIRT1. The results of RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation were the key pathological mechanisms, and TEAS alleviated oxidative injury and inflammatory reactions following ischemic stroke. Then, further investigation indicated that TEAS notably attenuated neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress damage in the hippocampus of rats with MCAO/R surgery. Moreover, TEAS intervention in the MCAO/R model significantly elevated the expressions of SIRT1, FOXO3a, CAT, BRCC3, NLRP3 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, EX527, as the inhibitor of SIRT1, obviously abolished the anti-oxidative stress and anti-neuroinflammatory roles of TEAS, as well as reversed the TEAS-mediated elevation of SIRT1, FOXO3a, CAT and reduction of BRCC3 and NLRP3 mediated by following MCAO/R surgery. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings clearly suggested that TEAS attenuated brain damage by suppressing apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through modulating SIRT1/FOXO3a and SIRT1/BRCC3/NLRP3 signaling pathways following ischemic stroke, which can be a promising treatment for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05005, PR China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Mosneag IE, Flaherty SM, Wykes RC, Allan SM. Stroke and Translational Research - Review of Experimental Models with a Focus on Awake Ischaemic Induction and Anaesthesia. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00535-3. [PMID: 38065289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are an indispensable tool in the study of ischaemic stroke with hundreds of drugs emerging from the preclinical pipeline. However, all of these drugs have failed to translate into successful treatments in the clinic. This has brought into focus the need to enhance preclinical studies to improve translation. The confounding effects of anaesthesia on preclinical stroke modelling has been raised as an important consideration. Various volatile and injectable anaesthetics are used in preclinical models during stroke induction and for outcome measurements such as imaging or electrophysiology. However, anaesthetics modulate several pathways essential in the pathophysiology of stroke in a dose and drug dependent manner. Most notably, anaesthesia has significant modulatory effects on cerebral blood flow, metabolism, spreading depolarizations, and neurovascular coupling. To minimise anaesthetic complications and improve translational relevance, awake stroke induction has been attempted in limited models. This review outlines anaesthetic strategies employed in preclinical ischaemic rodent models and their reported cerebral effects. Stroke related complications are also addressed with a focus on infarct volume, neurological deficits, and thrombolysis efficacy. We also summarise routinely used focal ischaemic stroke rodent models and discuss the attempts to induce some of these models in awake rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Emilia Mosneag
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel M Flaherty
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Wykes
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Luo H, Li C, Teng H, Powell B, Lu M, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Treatment of stroke in aged male and female rats with Vepoloxamer and tPA reduces neurovascular damage. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1282736. [PMID: 37869138 PMCID: PMC10587547 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1282736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, mainly affecting the elderly. Unfortunately, current treatments for acute ischemic stroke warrant improvement. To date, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is of limited use in stroke patients mainly due to its narrow therapeutic window and potential for hemorrhagic complication. The adjuvant treatment with Vepoloxamer, a purified amphipathic polymer has been shown to enhance the thrombolytic efficacy of tPA treatment in young adult male rats after embolic stroke. However, most stroke patients are aged; therefore, the current study investigated the therapeutic effect of the combined tPA and Vepoloxamer treatment in aged male and female rats subjected to embolic stroke. Methods Male and female Wistar rats at 18 months of age were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated either with monotherapy of tPA or Vepoloxamer, a combination of these two agents, or saline at 4 h after stroke onset. Neurological outcomes were evaluated with a battery of behavioral tests including adhesive removal, foot-fault, and modified neurological severity score tests at 1 and 7 days after stroke onset, followed by histopathological analysis of infarct volume. Residual clot size and vascular patency and integrity were analyzed. Results The combination treatment with Vepoloxamer and tPA significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits in male and female rats compared to rats treated with saline and the monotherapies of tPA and Vepoloxamer. While Vepoloxamer monotherapy moderately reduced neurological deficits, monotherapies with tPA and Vepoloxamer failed to reduce infarct volume compared to saline treatment. Furthermore, the combination treatment with tPA and Vepoloxamer accelerated thrombolysis, reduced ischemia and tPA-potentiated microvascular disruption, and concomitantly improved cerebrovascular integrity and perfusion in the male ischemic rats. Conclusion Combination treatment with tPA and Vepoloxamer at 4 h after stroke onset effectively reduces ischemic neurovascular damage by accelerating thrombolysis and reducing ischemia and tPA potentiated side effects in the aged rats. This funding suggests that the combination treatment with tPA and Vepoloxamer represents a promising strategy to potentially apply to the general population of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Salyha N, Oliynyk I. Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13238. [PMID: 36718422 PMCID: PMC9877323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Salyha
- Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine,Corresponding author
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Shen Y, Cui J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Su Y, Xu D, Liu Y, Guo Y, Bai W. Temporal alteration of microglia to microinfarcts in rat brain induced by the vascular occlusion with fluorescent microspheres. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:956342. [PMID: 35990892 PMCID: PMC9381699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.956342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, can monitor the microenvironment and actively respond to ischemic stroke and other brain injuries. In this procedure, microglia and neurons can cross-talk via transmembrane chemokine, Fractalkine (CX3CL1), to impact one another. We used a rat model of multifocal microinfarcts induced by the injection of fluorescent microspheres into the right common carotid artery and examined the morphological alteration of blood vessels, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons at 6 h, 1, 7, and 14 days after modeling, along with neurobehavioral tests and the staining of CX3CL1 in this study. Our results demonstrated that in the infarcted regions, astrocytes and microglia activated in response to neuronal degeneration and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, which occurred concurrently with vascular alteration and higher expression of CX3CL1. We provided sequential histological data to shed light on the morphological changes after modeling, which would help in the identification of new targets and the choice of the ideal time window for therapeutic intervention in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanzhu Bai
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A clinically relevant model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia by thrombus and thrombolysis in rhesus monkeys. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2054-2084. [PMID: 35760857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over decades of research into the treatment of stroke, nearly all attempts to translate experimental treatments from discovery in cells and rodents to use in humans have failed. The prevailing belief is that it might be necessary to pretest pharmacological neuroprotection in higher-order brains, especially those of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Over the past few years, chemical thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been established as the standard of care for ischemic stroke in patients. The spotlight is now shifting towards emphasizing both focal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in developing a clinically relevant stroke model in NHPs. This protocol describes an embolic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rhesus monkeys. An autologous clot is combined with a microcatheter or microwire through endovascular procedures, and reperfusion is achieved through local intra-artery thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. These NHP models formed relatively stable infarct sizes, delivered predictable reperfusion and survival outcomes, and recapitulated key characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke as observed on MRI images and behavioral assays. Importantly, treated animals could survive 30 d after the surgery for post-stroke neurologic deficit analyses. Thus far, this model has been used in several translational studies. Here we describe in detail the teamwork necessary for developing stroke models of NHPs, including the preoperation preparations, endovascular surgery, postoperation management and histopathological analysis. The model can be established by the following procedures over a 45-d period, including preparation steps (14 d), endovascular operation (1 d) and evaluation steps (30 d).
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Ye J, Shang H, Du H, Cao Y, Hua L, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang Y, Chen S, Qiu Z, Shen H. An Optimal Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke Established by Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Autologous Thrombi in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Front Neurol 2022; 13:864954. [PMID: 35547371 PMCID: PMC9083075 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.864954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemic stroke seriously threatens human health, characterized by the high rates of incidence, disability, and death. Developing a reliable animal model that mimics most of the features of stroke is critical for pathological studies and clinical research. In this study, we aimed to establish and examine a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in cynomolgus monkeys. Materials and Methods In this study, 15 adult male cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled. Under the guidance of DSA, a MCAO model was established by injecting an autologous venous clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via femoral artery catheter. Thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (rt-PA) was given to eight of these monkeys at 3 h after the occlusion. Blood test and imaging examination, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), CT perfusion (CTP), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), were performed after the operation to identify the post-infarction changes. The behavioral performance of cynomolgus monkeys was continuously observed for 7 days after operation. The animals were eunthanized on the 8th day after operation, and then the brain tissues of monkeys were taken for triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Results Among the 15 cynomolgus monkeys, 12 of them were successfully modeled, as confirmed by the imaging findings and staining assessment. One monkey died of brain hernia resulted from intracranial hemorrhage confirmed by necropsy. DSA, CTA, and MRA indicated the presence of an arterial occlusion. CTP and MRI showed acute focal cerebral ischemia. TTC staining revealed infarct lesions formed in the brain tissues. Conclusion Our study may provide an optimal non-human primate model for an in-depth study of the pathogenesis and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ye
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Shang
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongdi Du
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Prisys Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Prisys Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Jiang W, Zhang P, Yang P, Kang N, Liu J, Aihemaiti Y, Tu H. Phosphoproteome Analysis Identifies a Synaptotagmin-1-Associated Complex Involved in Ischemic Neuron Injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100222. [PMID: 35257887 PMCID: PMC9043414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of stroke-induced neuron injury are not fully understood. Here, we obtained phosphoproteomic and proteomic profiles of the acute ischemic hippocampus by LC–MS/MS analysis. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that the dysregulated phosphoproteins were involved in synaptic components and neurotransmission. We further demonstrated that phosphorylation of Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) at the Thr112 site in cultured hippocampal neurons aggravated oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced neuronal injury. Immature neurons with low expression of Syt1 exhibit slight neuronal injury in a cerebral ischemia model. Administration of the Tat-Syt1T112A peptide protects neurons against cerebral ischemia-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 (Kcnq2) interacted with Syt1 and Annexin A6 (Anxa6) and alleviated Syt1-mediated neuronal injury upon oxygen-glucose deprivation treatment. These results reveal a mechanism underlying neuronal injury and may provide new targets for neuroprotection after acute cerebral ischemia onset. Established the phosphoproteome profiles of acute cerebral ischemic hippocampus. Phosphoproteomic profile reveals phosphorylation of Syt1 and Kcnq2, which are upregulated. Phosphorylation of Syt1 aggravates neuron injury, which is relieved by Tat-Syt1T112A. Kcnq2 interacts with Syt1 and Anxa6 and alleviates Syt1-mediated neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilixiati Aihemaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Fu Y, Zhao W, Lin K, Lv A, Tian L, Wang Z, Li S, Yan Y. USPIO-SWI Shows Fingolimod Enhanced Alteplase Action on Angiographic Reperfusion in eMCAO Rats. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 55:1095-1106. [PMID: 34480787 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive evaluation of the status of cerebral arteriole perfusion remains a practical challenge in murine stroke models, because conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is no longer capable of capturing these very small vessels. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO)-based susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)-MRI (USPIO-SWI) and T2* map-MRI (USPIO-T2* map) for monitoring angiographic perfusion in stroke rats. STUDY TYPE A preclinical randomized controlled trial. ANIMAL MODEL Normal rats (N = 9), embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) rats (N = 66). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7 T; T2* map (multigradient echo), SWI (3D gradient echo). ASSESSMENT Experiment 1: To develop a method for angiographic reperfusion evaluation with USPIO-SWI. Normal rats were used to optimize the USPIO dosage (5.6, 16.8, and 56 mg/kg ferumoxytol) as well as scan time points for cerebral arterioles. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured. Stroke rats were further used and the number of visual cortical vessels were counted. Experiment 2: To examine whether fingolimod (lymphocytes inhibitor) enhances the action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in eMCAO rats on cerebral angiographic reperfusion. STATISTICAL TESTS Mann-Whitney test and two way-ANOVA were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS CNR values of cerebral cortical penetrating arteries in normal rats were significantly increased to 4.4 ± 0.5 (5.6 mg/kg), 6.1 ± 0.5 (16.8 mg/kg), and 3.4 ± 0.9 (56 mg/kg) after USPIO injection. The number of visual cortical vessels on USPIO-SWI images in ischemic regions was significantly less than in control regions (5 ± 2 vs. 56 ± 20) of eMCAO rats. Compared with eMCAO rats who received tPA only, eMCAO rats who received the combination of fingolimod and tPA exhibited significantly higher proportion of complete angiographic reperfusion (69% vs. 17%). DATA CONCLUSION This study supports the feasibility of angiographic perfusion evaluation with USPIO-SWI in stroke rats. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kunxin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aowei Lv
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowu Li
- Department of Function Neuroimaging, Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Wang R, Wang H, Liu Y, Chen D, Wang Y, Rocha M, Jadhav AP, Smith A, Ye Q, Gao Y, Zhang W. Optimized mouse model of embolic MCAO: From cerebral blood flow to neurological outcomes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:495-509. [PMID: 32312170 PMCID: PMC8985433 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20917625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) model mimics ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in humans and is amenable to thrombolytic therapy with rtPA. However, two major obstacles, the difficulty of the eMCAO surgery and unpredictable occurrence of clot autolysis, had impeded its application in mice. In this study, we modified catheters to produce suitable fibrin-rich embolus and optimized the eMCAO model using cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitored by both laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and 2D laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to confirm occlusion of MCA. The results showed that longer embolus resulted in higher mortality. There was a compensatory increase in MCA territory perfusion after eMCAO associated with decreased infarct volume; however, this was only partly dependent on recanalization as clot autolysis was only observed in ∼30% of mice. Cortical CBF monitoring with LSCI showed that the size of peri-core area at 3 h displayed the best correlation with infarct volume that is attributed to compensatory collateral blood flow. The peri-core area best predicted functional outcome after eMCAO. In summary, we developed a reliable eMCAO mouse model that better mimics embolic ischemic stroke in humans, which will increase the potential for successful translation of stroke neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcelo Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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The Quinazoline Otaplimastat (SP-8203) Reduces the Hemorrhagic Transformation and Mortality Aggravated after Delayed rtPA-Induced Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031403. [PMID: 35163322 PMCID: PMC8835804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only agent clinically approved by FDA for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, delayed treatment of rtPA (e.g., more than 3 h after stroke onset) exacerbates ischemic brain damage by causing intracerebral hemorrhage and increasing neurotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated whether the neuroprotant otaplimastat reduced delayed rtPA treatment-evoked neurotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). Otaplimastat reduced cerebral infarct size and edema and improved neurobehavioral deficits. In particular, otaplimastat markedly reduced intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation and mortality triggered by delayed rtPA treatment, consequently extending the therapeutic time window of rtPA. We further found that ischemia-evoked extracellular matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) expression was closely correlated with cerebral hemorrhagic transformation and brain damage. In ischemic conditions, delayed rtPA treatment further increased brain injury via synergistic expression of MMPs in vascular endothelial cells. In oxygen-glucose-deprived endothelial cells, otaplimastat suppressed the activity rather than protein expression of MMPs by restoring the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) suppressed in ischemia, and consequently reduced vascular permeation. This paper shows that otaplimastat under clinical trials is a new drug which can inhibit stroke on its own and extend the therapeutic time window of rtPA, especially when administered in combination with rtPA.
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y. Neuronal injuries in cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke: From mechanisms to treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 49:15. [PMID: 34878154 PMCID: PMC8711586 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disabilities and cognitive deficits, accounting for 5.2% of all mortalities worldwide. Transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral vessels leads to ischemic strokes, which constitutes the majority of strokes. Ischemic strokes induce brain infarcts, along with cerebral tissue death and focal neuronal damage. The infarct size and neurological severity after ischemic stroke episodes depends on the time period since occurrence, the severity of ischemia, systemic blood pressure, vein systems and location of infarcts, amongst others. Ischemic stroke is a complex disease, and neuronal injuries after ischemic strokes have been the focus of current studies. The present review will provide a basic pathological background of ischemic stroke and cerebral infarcts. Moreover, the major mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and neuronal injuries are summarized. This review will also briefly summarize some representative clinical trials and up-to-date treatments that have been applied to stroke and brain infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Animal models are indispensable tools that can mimic stroke processes and can be used for investigating mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic regimens. As a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology, mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is impossible. Each model has unique strengths and weaknesses. Models such as transient or permanent intraluminal thread occlusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models and thromboembolic models are the most commonly used in simulating human ischemic stroke. The endovascular filament occlusion model is characterized by easy manipulation and accurately controllable reperfusion and is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury. Although the reproducibility of the embolic model is poor, it is more convenient for investigating thrombolysis. Rats are the most frequently used animal model for stroke. This review mainly outlines the stroke models of rats and discusses their strengths and shortcomings in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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15
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Deora H, Umana GE. Chronic Kidney disease and stroke: A Bi-directional risk cascade and therapeutic update. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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16
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Plasma after Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rhesus Monkey Ischemic Stroke Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081164. [PMID: 34439830 PMCID: PMC8393806 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal and clinical studies have shown that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has protective effects for cerebral vascular diseases, with induced humoral factor changes in the peripheral blood. However, many findings are heterogeneous, perhaps due to differences in the RIC intervention schemes, enrolled populations, and sample times. This study aimed to examine the RIC-induced changes in the plasma proteome using rhesus monkey models of strokes. Methods: Two adult rhesus monkeys with autologous blood clot-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion underwent RIC interventions twice a week for five consecutive weeks. Each RIC treatment included five cycles of five minutes of ischemia alternating with five minutes of reperfusion of the forearm. The blood samples were taken from the median cubital vein of the monkeys at baseline and immediately after each week’s RIC stimulus. The plasma samples were isolated for a proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Several proteins related to lipid metabolism (Apolipoprotein A-II and Apolipoprotein C-II), coagulation (Fibrinogen alpha chain and serpin), immunoinflammatory responses (complement C3 and C1), and endovascular hemostasis (basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan) were significantly modulated after the RIC intervention. Many of these induced changes, such as in the lipid metabolism regulation and anticoagulation responses, starting as early as two weeks following the RIC intervention. The complementary activation and protection of the endovascular cells occurred more than three weeks postintervention. Conclusions: Multiple protective effects were induced by RIC and involved lipid metabolism regulation (anti-atherogenesis), anticoagulation (antithrombosis), complement activation, and endovascular homeostasis (anti-inflammation). In conclusion, this study indicates that RIC results in significant modulations of the plasma proteome. It also provides ideas for future research and screening targets.
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17
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Li C, Wang C, Zhang Y, Alsrouji OK, Chebl AB, Ding G, Jiang Q, Mayer SA, Lu M, Kole MK, Marin HL, Zhang L, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Cerebral endothelial cell-derived small extracellular vesicles enhance neurovascular function and neurological recovery in rat acute ischemic stroke models of mechanical thrombectomy and embolic stroke treatment with tPA. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2090-2104. [PMID: 33557693 PMCID: PMC8327102 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21992980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with cerebral large vessel occlusion with thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) leads to incomplete reperfusion. Using rat models of embolic and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO and tMCAO), we investigated the effect on stroke outcomes of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from rat cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) in combination with tPA (CEC-sEVs/tPA) as a treatment of eMCAO and tMCAO in rat. The effect of sEVs derived from clots acquired from patients who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy on healthy human CEC permeability was also evaluated. CEC-sEVs/tPA administered 4 h after eMCAO reduced infarct volume by ∼36%, increased recanalization of the occluded MCA, enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF), and reduced blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Treatment with CEC-sEVs given upon reperfusion after 2 h tMCAO significantly reduced infarct volume by ∼43%, and neurological outcomes were improved in both CEC-sEVs treated models. CEC-sEVs/tPA reduced a network of microRNAs (miRs) and proteins that mediate thrombosis, coagulation, and inflammation. Patient-clot derived sEVs increased CEC permeability, which was reduced by CEC-sEVs. CEC-sEV mediated suppression of a network of pro-thrombotic, -coagulant, and -inflammatory miRs and proteins likely contribute to therapeutic effects. Thus, CEC-sEVs have a therapeutic effect on acute ischemic stroke by reducing neurovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Owais K Alsrouji
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alex B Chebl
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guangliang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stephan A Mayer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Max K Kole
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Horia L Marin
- Clinical Professor of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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18
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Fang Z, Wu D, Deng J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Wang S, Hu S, Hou W, Ning S, Ding Y, Fan Z, Jiang Z, Kang J, Liu Y, Miao J, Ji X, Dong H, Xiong L. An MD2-perturbing peptide has therapeutic effects in rodent and rhesus monkey models of stroke. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/597/eabb6716. [PMID: 34108252 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have failed to translate more than 1000 experimental treatments from bench to bedside, leaving stroke as the second leading cause of death in the world. Thrombolysis within 4.5 hours is the recommended therapy for stroke and cannot be performed until neuroimaging is used to distinguish ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, finding a common and critical therapeutic target for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is appealing. Here, we report that the expression of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), which is traditionally regarded to be expressed only in microglia in the normal brain, was markedly increased in cortical neurons after stroke. We synthesized a small peptide, Trans-trans-activating (Tat)-cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Tat-CIRP), which perturbed the function of MD2 and strongly protected neurons against excitotoxic injury in vitro. In addition, systemic administration of Tat-CIRP or genetic deletion of MD2 induced robust neuroprotection against ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in mice. Tat-CIRP reduced the brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rhesus monkeys 30 days after ischemic stroke. Tat-CIRP efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier and showed a wide therapeutic index for stroke because no toxicity was detected when high doses were administered to the mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MD2 elicited neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis via a TLR4-independent, Sam68-related cascade. In summary, Tat-CIRP provides robust neuroprotection against stroke in rodents and gyrencephalic nonhuman primates. Further efforts should be made to translate these findings to treat both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Siming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jinlin Miao
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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19
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Hou Y, Wang P, Liu Y, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates thromboembolic stroke injury in rats by reducing thromboinflammation. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105108. [PMID: 34175350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke induced by permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PF11 on thromboembolic stroke in rats and its possible mechanisms on thromboinflammation. PF11 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) once a day for 3 consecutive days to male Wistar rats followed by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). The results showed that PF11 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits induced by eMCAO. Meanwhile, the thromboinflammation in the ischemic hemisphere was observed at 24 h after eMCAO, as indicated by the increased number of microvascular thrombus and inflammatory response. Moreover, eMCAO resulted in the up-regulation of platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) and VI (GPVI), as well as the activation of contact-kinin pathway. Notably, PF11 significantly reversed all these changes. Furthermore, PF11 prevented the eMCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thus leading to the alleviation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that thromboinflammation was induced in the ischemic hemisphere of rats after eMCAO and PF11 exerted marked protective effects against thromboembolic stroke by attenuating thromboinflammation and preventing BBB damage. This research further identifies the potential therapeutic role of PF11 for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tan'an, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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20
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Gonzalez LF, Warner DS, Sheng H, Chaparro E. Endovascular middle cerebral artery embolic stroke model: a novel approach. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:413. [PMID: 34140285 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A video (video 1) describing a novel murine endovascular embolic stroke model is presented. Traditional middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion models include a blind insertion of a monofilament string12 into the common or external carotid artery with the expectation to selectively occlude the MCA. However, significant mortality occurs due to subarachnoid hemorrhage and variability in stroke size, possibly related to the filament's malposition-for example, external carotid or proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). Additionally, while the string is in place, it occludes the entire extracranial ICA affecting also the collateral pial circulation.neurintsurg;neurintsurg-2021-017370v1/V1F1V1Video 1Our model includes tail artery access, which tolerates several procedures facilitating survival studies. This model uses autologous blood3 4 clot deployed directly into the MCA, resembling what occurs in clinical practice. Autologous thrombi could be lysed with IA/IV tissue plasminogen activator.In summary, we describe a novel model that resembles real practice, permits multiple catheterizations, results in reliable embolization under fluoroscopic guidance and allows therapeutic interventions not available with traditional models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Warner
- Department of Anesthesia, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huaxing Sheng
- Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eduardo Chaparro
- Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Ye D, Zimmermann T, Demina V, Sotnikov S, Ried CL, Rahn H, Stapf M, Untucht C, Rohe M, Terstappen GC, Wicke K, Mezler M, Manninga H, Meyer AH. Trafficking of JC virus-like particles across the blood-brain barrier. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2488-2500. [PMID: 36134165 PMCID: PMC9418390 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hollow viral vectors, such as John Cunningham virus-like particles (JC VLPs), provide a unique opportunity to deliver drug cargo into targeted cells and tissue. Current understanding of the entry of JC virus in brain cells has remained insufficient. In particular, interaction of JC VLPs with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has not been analyzed in detail. Thus, JC VLPs were produced in this study for investigating the trafficking across the BBB. We performed a carotid artery injection procedure for mouse brain to qualitatively study JC VLPs' in vivo binding and distribution and used in vitro approaches to analyze their uptake and export kinetics in brain endothelial cells. Our results show that clathrin-dependent mechanisms contributed to the entry of VLPs into brain endothelial cells, and exocytosis or transcytosis of VLPs across the BBB was observed in vitro. VLPs were found to interact with sialic acid glycans in mouse brain endothelia. The ability of JC VLPs to cross the BBB can be useful in developing a delivery system for transport of genes and small molecule cargoes to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, DMPK, Bioanalytical Research Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Tina Zimmermann
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | | | | | - Christian L Ried
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Development Sciences NBE Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Harri Rahn
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Development Sciences NBE Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Marcus Stapf
- NEUWAY Pharma GmbH Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
| | - Christopher Untucht
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Michael Rohe
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Georg C Terstappen
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Karsten Wicke
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Mario Mezler
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, DMPK, Bioanalytical Research Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Heiko Manninga
- NEUWAY Pharma GmbH Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
| | - Axel H Meyer
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, DMPK, Bioanalytical Research Knollstraße 67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
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22
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Wu L, Wu D, Chen J, Chen C, Yao T, He X, Ma Y, Zhi X, Liu R, Ji X. Intranasal salvinorin A improves neurological outcome in rhesus monkey ischemic stroke model using autologous blood clot. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:723-730. [PMID: 32615886 PMCID: PMC7983500 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20938137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvinorin A (SA) exerts neuroprotection and improves neurological outcomes in ischemic stroke models in rodents. In this study, we investigated whether intranasal SA administration could improve neurological outcomes in a monkey ischemic stroke model. The stroke model was induced in adult male rhesus monkeys by occluding the middle cerebral artery M2 segment with an autologous blood clot. Eight adult rhesus monkeys were randomly administered SA or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide as control 20 min after ischemia. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the ischemia and extent of injury. Neurological function was evaluated using the Non-Human Primate Stroke Scale (NHPSS) over a 28-day observation period. SA significantly reduced infarct volume (3.9 ± 0.7 cm3 vs. 7.2 ± 1.0 cm3; P = 0.002), occupying effect (0.3 ± 0.2% vs. 1.4 ± 0.3%; P = 0.002), and diffusion limitation in the lesion (-28.2 ± 11.0% vs. -51.5 ± 7.1%; P = 0.012) when compared to the control group. SA significantly reduced the NHPSS scores to almost normal in a 28-day observation period as compared to the control group (P = 0.005). Intranasal SA reduces infarct volume and improves neurological outcomes in a rhesus monkey ischemic stroke model using autologous blood clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Yao
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Ma
- Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinglong Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Renyu Liu, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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23
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Jiang W, Stingelin L, Zhang P, Tian X, Kang N, Liu J, Aihemaiti Y, Zhou D, Tu H. Enolase2 and enolase1 cooperate against neuronal injury in stroke model. Neurosci Lett 2021; 747:135662. [PMID: 33484738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. However, the mechanism causing neuronal death remains poorly understood. Our previous report showed that enolase1 (ENO1), a key glycolytic enzyme, alleviates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal injury. It remained unclear whether enolase2 (ENO2) affects neuronal injury in stroke models. Here, we examined the effects of ENO2 in several stroke models. The results showed that the expression level of ENO2 was downregulated after 3 h of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the mouse model. ENO2 was expressed in mouse brain and cultured hippocampus neurons. Overexpression of ENO2 in cultured hippocampus neurons did not affect neuronal injury in our oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. Interestingly, double knock-down (KD) of ENO1 and ENO2 increased neuronal injury while either KD of ENO1 or ENO2 failed to increase neuronal injury in OGD. Deletion of ENO1 did not affect anoxia-starvation (AS)-induced worm death in C. elegans. These findings demonstrated that ENO2 and ENO1 work together against neuronal injury in these stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lukas Stingelin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xibin Tian
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Na Kang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Junqiang Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yilixiati Aihemaiti
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Haijun Tu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
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24
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Chavda V, Shah P, Patel SS, Bhadada S. Pre-exposure of voglibose exerts cerebroprotective effects through attenuating activation of the polyol pathway and inflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2541-2552. [PMID: 33608957 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces activation of the polyol-sorbitol pathway, which is a major contributor to microvascular complications like stroke. The current study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic role of α-glucose inhibitor in chronic hyperglycemia-induced impaired polyol pathway and associated micro-complications. Male albino-Wistar rats (200-250 g) were treated with voglibose 10 mg kg-1 day-1 /p.o. for 2 weeks before middle cerebral artery occlusion; 72 hr after surgery, neurological score was evaluated and blood was collected for the assessment of various serum biochemical parameters like CRP, CK-MB, LDH, lipid profile, and blood glucose levels. In the end, brain samples were excised for determination of brain infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference, Na+-K+ ATPase activity oxidative stress-related parameters, aldose reductase activity, and gene expression studies. Results from the present study indicate that pre-treatment with voglibose showed significant improvement in lipid parameters but did not impact glucose levels. Voglibose has shown a statistically significant (p < .05) reduction in neurological score and brain infarct volume, and the difference in brain hemisphere weight as compared to the disease control group. Voglibose significantly (p < .05) improve all biochemical parameters and reduced Na+-K+ ATPase and aldose reductase activity. Moreover, voglibose produced a significant reduction in oxidative stress and down-regulation of TNF-α and BCl-2 gene expression which reduces the risk of factors related to stroke. In conclusion, the pleiotropic effect of voglibose on cerebrovascular complications may be due to inhibition of aldose reductase or anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha Bhadada
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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25
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Cheng G, Zhao W, Xin Y, Huang G, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhan M, Li Y, Lu L, van Leyen K, Liu Y. Effects of ML351 and tissue plasminogen activator combination therapy in a rat model of focal embolic stroke. J Neurochem 2021; 157:586-598. [PMID: 33481248 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombolytic stroke therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is limited by risks of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). We have reported that a new 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) inhibitor ML351 reduced tPA related HT in mice subjected to experimental stroke under anticoagulation. In this study, we asked whether ML351 can ameliorate tPA induced HT in an embolic stroke model. Rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion with 2 or 3 hr ischemia and tPA infusion, with or without ML351. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored 2 hr after ischemia and continuously monitored for 1 hr after treatment for determining reperfusion. Hemoglobin was determined in brain homogenates and infarct volume was quantified at 24 hr after stroke.12/15-LOX, cluster of differentiation 68(CD68), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and tight junction proteins expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. ML351 significantly reduced tPA related hemorrhage after stroke without affecting its thrombolytic efficacy. ML351 also reduced blood-brain barrier disruption and improved preservation of junction proteins. ML351 and tPA combination improved neurological deficit of rats even though ML351 did not further reduce the infarct volume compared to tPA alone treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by ML351 both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We further showed that ML351 suppressed the expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in brains and microglia cultures, whereas exogenous 12-HETE attenuated this effect in vitro. In conclusion, ML351 and tPA combination therapy is beneficial in ameliorating HT after ischemic stroke. This protective effect is probably because of 12/15-LOX inhibition and suppression of JNK-mediated microglia/macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Cheng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongjie Xin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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26
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Wu K, Xiong Z, Ding Y. Management of Elevated Blood Pressure After Stroke Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:405-413. [PMID: 33568958 PMCID: PMC7868952 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s285316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombectomy is superior to intravenous thrombolysis for patients with large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke, but nearly half of the patients still experience poor functional outcomes. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is widely observed in acute ischemic stroke, and BP may be one of the modifiable parameters that can potentially influence the outcomes; however, only observational studies exist to support current guidelines, and the recommended range for BP after thrombectomy is too wide to meet the clinical requirement. Randomized controlled trials are therefore needed to better understand the relationship between BP and outcomes after thrombectomy. In this review, we introduce the current management of BP after thrombectomy and several aspects of postthrombectomy BP management that should be resolved in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wu
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhencheng Xiong
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasuo Ding
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Nikitin D, Choi S, Mican J, Toul M, Ryu WS, Damborsky J, Mikulik R, Kim DE. Development and Testing of Thrombolytics in Stroke. J Stroke 2021; 23:12-36. [PMID: 33600700 PMCID: PMC7900387 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in recanalization therapy, mechanical thrombectomy will never be a treatment for every ischemic stroke because access to mechanical thrombectomy is still limited in many countries. Moreover, many ischemic strokes are caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries that cannot be reached by intra-arterial catheters. Reperfusion using thrombolytic agents will therefore remain an important therapy for hyperacute ischemic stroke. However, thrombolytic drugs have shown limited efficacy and notable hemorrhagic complication rates, leaving room for improvement. A comprehensive understanding of basic and clinical research pipelines as well as the current status of thrombolytic therapy will help facilitate the development of new thrombolytics. Compared with alteplase, an ideal thrombolytic agent is expected to provide faster reperfusion in more patients; prevent re-occlusions; have higher fibrin specificity for selective activation of clot-bound plasminogen to decrease bleeding complications; be retained in the blood for a longer time to minimize dosage and allow administration as a single bolus; be more resistant to inhibitors; and be less antigenic for repetitive usage. Here, we review the currently available thrombolytics, strategies for the development of new clot-dissolving substances, and the assessment of thrombolytic efficacies in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Nikitin
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Seungbum Choi
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jan Mican
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Toul
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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28
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Shi K, Zou M, Jia DM, Shi S, Yang X, Liu Q, Dong JF, Sheth KN, Wang X, Shi FD. tPA Mobilizes Immune Cells That Exacerbate Hemorrhagic Transformation in Stroke. Circ Res 2021; 128:62-75. [PMID: 33070717 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hemorrhagic complications represent a major limitation of intravenous thrombolysis using tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in patients with ischemic stroke. The expression of tPA receptors on immune cells raises the question of what effects tPA exerts on these cells and whether these effects contribute to thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic transformation. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the impact of tPA on immune cells and investigate the association between observed immune alteration with hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients and in a rat model of embolic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after tPA infusion from 71 patients with ischemic stroke. Control blood samples were collected from 27 ischemic stroke patients without tPA treatment. A rat embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion model was adopted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of hemorrhagic transformation. We report that tPA induces a swift surge of circulating neutrophils and T cells with profoundly altered molecular features in ischemic stroke patients and a rat model of focal embolic stroke. tPA exacerbates endothelial injury, increases adhesion and migration of neutrophils and T cells, which are associated with brain hemorrhage in rats subjected to embolic stroke. Genetic ablation of annexin A2 in neutrophils and T cells diminishes the effect of tPA on these cells. Decoupling the interaction between mobilized neutrophils/T cells and the neurovascular unit, achieved via a S1PR (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor) 1 modulator RP101075 and a CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) synthesis inhibitor bindarit, which block lymphocyte egress and myeloid cell recruitment, respectively, attenuates hemorrhagic transformation and improves neurological function after tPA thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that immune invasion of the neurovascular unit represents a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying tPA-mediated brain hemorrhage, which can be overcome by precise immune modulation during thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (K.S., F.-D.S.)
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Dong-Mei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Samuel Shi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Arizona State University, Tempe (S.S.)
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-f.D.)
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.S.)
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.W.)
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (K.S., M.Z., D.-M.J., X.Y., Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (K.S., F.-D.S.)
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29
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Early Electroacupuncture Extends the rtPA Time Window to 6 h in a Male Rat Model of Embolic Stroke via the ERK1/2-MMP9 Pathway. Neural Plast 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8851089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but it has a restricted therapeutic time window. When administered at time points greater than 4.5 h after stroke onset, rtPA disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to serious brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia; however, researchers have not clearly determined whether EA increases the safety of thrombolysis and extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. Objective. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that EA extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA for ischemic stroke in a male rat model of embolic stroke. Methods. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, rtPA group, EA+rtPA group, and rtPA+MEK1/2 inhibitor group. An injection of rtPA was administered 6 h after ischemia. Rats were treated with EA at the Shuigou (GV26) and Neiguan (PC6) acupoints at 2 h after ischemia. Neurological function, infarct volume, BBB permeability, brain edema, and hemorrhagic transformation were assessed at 24 h after ischemia. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the levels of proteins involved in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway (MEK1/2 and ERK1/2), tight junction proteins (Claudin5 and ZO-1), and MMP9 in the ischemic penumbra at 24 h after stroke. Results. Delayed rtPA treatment aggravated hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema. However, treatment with EA plus rtPA significantly improved neurological function and reduced the infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema, and EB leakage in rats compared with rtPA alone. EA increased the levels of tight junction proteins, inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and reduced MMP9 overexpression induced by delayed rtPA thrombolysis. Conclusions. EA potentially represents an effective adjunct method to increase the safety of thrombolytic therapy and extend the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. This neuroprotective effect may be mediated by the inhibition of the ERK1/2-MMP9 pathway and alleviation of the destruction of the BBB.
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30
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Tuo QZ, Zou JJ, Lei P. Rodent Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Wu D, Chen J, Hussain M, Wu L, Shi J, Wu C, Ma Y, Zhang M, Yang Q, Fu Y, Duan Y, Ma C, Yan F, Zhu Z, He X, Yao T, Song M, Zhi X, Wang C, Cai L, Li C, Li S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Ji X. Selective intra-arterial brain cooling improves long-term outcomes in a non-human primate model of embolic stroke: Efficacy depending on reperfusion status. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1415-1426. [PMID: 32126876 PMCID: PMC7308521 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20903697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all stroke neuroprotection modalities, including selective intra-arterial cooling (SI-AC), have failed to be translated from bench to bed side. Potentially overlooked reasons may be biological gaps, inadequate attention to reperfusion states and mismatched attention to neurological benefits. To advance stroke translation, we describe a novel thrombus-based stroke model in adult rhesus macaques. Intra-arterial thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator leads to three clinically relevant outcomes - complete, partial, and no recanalization based on digital subtraction angiography. We also find reperfusion as a prerequisite for SI-AC-induced benefits, in which models with complete or partial reperfusion exhibit significantly reduced infarct volumes, mitigated neurological deficits, improved upper limb motor dysfunction in both acute and chronic stages; however, no further neuroprotection is observed in those without reperfusion. In summary, we discover reperfusion as a crucial regulator of SI-AC-induced neuroprotection and provide insights of long-term functional benefits in behavior and imaging levels. Our findings could be important not only for the translational prerequisite and potential molecular targets, but also for this thrombus-thrombolysis model in monkeys as a powerful tool for further translational stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammed Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjuan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Yao
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Song
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglong Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiu Wang
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lipeng Cai
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhui Li
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Kamarudin SN, Iezhitsa I, Tripathy M, Alyautdin R, Ismail NM. Neuroprotective effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-bound brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia in rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Microcirculatory Changes in Experimental Models of Stroke and CNS-Injury Induced Immunodepression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205184. [PMID: 31635068 PMCID: PMC6834192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Medical complications after stroke, especially infections such as pneumonia, are the leading cause of death in stroke survivors. Systemic immunodepression is considered to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections after stroke. Different experimental models have contributed significantly to the current knowledge of stroke pathophysiology and its consequences. Each model causes different changes in the cerebral microcirculation and local inflammatory responses after ischemia. The vast majority of studies which focused on the peripheral immune response to stroke employed the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. We review various experimental stroke models with regard to microcirculatory changes and discuss the impact on local and peripheral immune response for studies of CNS-injury (central nervous system injury) induced immunodepression.
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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35
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Hao CH, Ding WX, Sun Q, Li XX, Wang WT, Zhao ZY, Tang LD. Thrombolysis with rhPro-UK 3 to 6 hours after embolic stroke in rat. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1034-1042. [PMID: 31584350 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the thrombolysis with recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) on thromboembolic stroke in rats at different therapeutic time windows (TTW). Methods: Rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion. RhPro-UK and positive control drugs rt-PA,UK were administered 3 h, 4.5 h, 6 h after inducing thromboem-bolic stroke. Neurological deficit scoring (NDS) was evaluated at 6 h and 24 h after the treatment. The lesion volume in cerebral hemispheres was measured by MRI scanning machine after 6 h of thrombolysis, and the infarct volume was measured by TTC stain, together with hemorrhagic volume quantified by a spectrophotometric assay after 24 h of thrombolysis. Results: RhPro-UK 10, 20 × 104 U/kg significantly improved the NDS after cerebral thromboembolism in rats at 3 h, 4.5 h TTW, and at the 6 h TTW, the NDS was improved by 28.0% (P = 0.0690) and 29.2% (P = 0.0927) at 6 h and 24 h after rhPro-UK 20 ×104 U/kg administration, respectively. RhPro-UK 10, 20 × 104 U/kg significantly reduced the brain lesions measured by MRI at 3 h and 4.5 h TTW. RhPro-UK 10, 20 × 104 U/kg significantly reduced the cerebral infarction measured by TTC at 3 h, 4.5 h TTW. There was no increase in cerebral hemorrhage compared with untreated group after rhPro-UK administration. Conclusions: RhPro-UK had an obvious therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis, and could be started within 4.5 h TTW with less side effects of cerebral hemorrhage than that of UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Hao
- Center for Pharmacodynamic Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Reseach , Tianjin , China
| | - Wen-Xia Ding
- Research Institute and Center for Pharmacological Toxicology, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd , Tianjn , China
| | - Qian Sun
- Research Institute and Center for Pharmacological Toxicology, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd , Tianjn , China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Research Institute and Center for Pharmacological Toxicology, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd , Tianjn , China
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Center for Pharmacodynamic Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Reseach , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhuan-You Zhao
- Center for Pharmacodynamic Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Reseach , Tianjin , China
| | - Li-Da Tang
- Center for Pharmacodynamic Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Reseach , Tianjin , China
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36
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Li C, Zhang L, Wang C, Teng H, Fan B, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline Augments Thrombolysis of tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) in Aged Rats After Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:2547-2554. [PMID: 31387512 PMCID: PMC6710137 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, mainly affecting the elderly. However, preclinical studies in aged ischemic animals are limited. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is a naturally occurring tetrapeptide with vascular-protective properties. The present study investigated the effect of AcSDKP on tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator)-induced thrombolysis in aged rats after ischemic stroke. Methods- Aged male rats (18 months) were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats subjected to 4 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion were randomized into the following groups: (1) AcSDKP; (2) tPA; (3) AcSDKP in combination with tPA; and (4) saline. Neurological deficits, cerebral microvascular patency and integrity, and infarction were examined at 1 day and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the effect of AcSDKP on aged cerebral endothelial cell permeability. Results- Compared with saline, AcSDKP, or tPA as monotherapy did not have any therapeutic effects, whereas AcSDKP in combination with tPA significantly reduced cerebral tissue infarction and improved neurological outcome without increasing cerebral hemorrhage. Concurrently, the combination treatment significantly augmented microvascular perfusion and reduced thrombosis and blood-brain barrier leakage. In vitro, compared with cerebral endothelial cells from ischemic adult rats, the endothelial cells from ischemic aged rats exhibited significantly increased leakage. AcSDKP suppressed tPA-induced aged endothelial cell leakage and reduced expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and NF (nuclear factor)-κB. Conclusions- The present study provides evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of AcSDKP in combination tPA for the treatment of embolic stroke in aged rats at 4 hours after stroke onset. AcSDKP likely acts on cerebral endothelial cells to enhance the benefits of tPA by increasing tissue perfusion and augmenting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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37
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Han F, Guan X, Guo W, Lu B. Therapeutic potential of a TrkB agonistic antibody for ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:570-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Jiang W, Tian X, Yang P, Li J, Xiao L, Liu J, Liu C, Tan W, Tu H. Enolase1 Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury via Its Enzymatic Product Phosphoenolpyruvate. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2877-2889. [PMID: 30943007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death among adults worldwide, while the mechanisms underlying neuronal death and dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the differential proteomic profiles of mouse brain homogenate with 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia, or sham, using Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, followed by mass spectrometry. We identified enolase1 (ENO1), a key glycolytic enzyme, as a potential mediator of neuronal injury in MCAO ischemic model. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting data showed that ENO1 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, distinct regions of brain, and different postnatal age. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ENO1 is localized in neuronal cytoplasm and dendrites. Interestingly, the expression level of ENO1 was significantly increased in the early stage, but dramatically decreased in the late stage, of cerebral ischemia in vivo. This dynamic change was consistent with our finding in cultured hippocampal neurons treated with oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Importantly, ENO1 overexpression in cultured neurons alleviated dendritic and spinal loss caused by OGD treatment. Furthermore, the enzymatic product of ENO1, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), was also synchronously changed along with the dynamic ENO1 level. The neuronal injury caused by OGD treatment in vitro or ischemia in vivo was mitigated by the application of PEP. Taken together, our data revealed that ENO1 plays a novel and protective role in cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal injury, highlighting a potential of ENO1 as a therapeutic target of neuronal protection from cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Haijun Tu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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Liu C, Jiang W, Tian X, Yang P, Xiao L, Li J, Qiu L, Tu H, Tan W. Identification of Vigilin as a Potential Ischemia Biomarker by Brain Slice-Based Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6675-6681. [PMID: 30993971 PMCID: PMC6625766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death among adults worldwide and results in numerous biochemical alterations. However, few efficient biomarkers are clinically available to diagnose stroke because of the limitations of biomarkers and their probes. In this work, we utilized frozen brain slices of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a mouse model of ischemia to select a specific binding aptamer, termed LCW17, by tissue-based SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). LCW17 was enhanced in binding in ischemic brain slices compared to sham control. We identified the binding target of LCW17 as vigilin. Vigilin is increased in ischemia brain slices and exhibits enhanced release from cultured hippocampal neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation in vitro. Taken together, ischemic brain slice-based aptamer selection will enable identification of more probes and potential target molecules for diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Aptamer LCW17 and vigilin may potentially be applied to define the molecular mechanism underlying ischemic stroke, as well as its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xibin Tian
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Le Xiao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jianglin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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40
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Zhang L, Chopp M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Lu M, Zhang T, Zhang ZG. Prospective, double blinded, comparative assessment of the pharmacological activity of Cerebrolysin and distinct peptide preparations for the treatment of embolic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:22-26. [PMID: 30665068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous work in acute ischemic stroke and TBI models focused on efficacy and pharmacological parameters of Cerebrolysin®. In this prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study we compared efficacy of neuropeptide preparations with putative neurotrophic potential to the reference product Cerebrolysin® by assessing functional outcome and lesion volumes after embolic stroke in a rodent model. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to embolic right middle cerebral artery occlusion and were treated with: 1) Cognistar® (Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate) 2.5 ml/kg, 2) Cerebrolysat® 2.5 ml/kg, 3) Cortexin® 1.7 mg/kg, 4) Cerebrolysin® 2.5 ml/kg, or 5) 1 ml of saline according to a pre-generated randomization plan. Dosages were defined according to the packet leaflet of the corresponding preparation and were adapted to the animal model as previously described. All enrolled rats received intraperitoneal injections once daily for 10 consecutive days, starting 4 h after occlusion. Functional outcome was assessed once weekly over four weeks by using a battery of behavioral tests. Infarct volume was measured four weeks after occlusion. Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) was performed to study the treatment effect on overall functional recovery at day 28 (primary outcome), compared to saline controls. RESULTS Similar functional outcome was observed for saline control, Cognistar®, Cerebrolysat® and Cortexin®; in contrast, a significantly improved neurological outcome was observed with Cerebrolysin® treatment in comparison to saline as well as to the comparator drug treatment (p < .002). However, there was no significant difference in lesion volumes between rats treated with either Cortexin® (33.5 ± 1.9%), Cerebrolysat® (28.5 ± 2.4%), Cognistar® (34.7 ± 2.0%), or Cerebrolysin® (26.5 ± 2.3%) compared to saline-treated rats (30.8 ± 2.1%). CONCLUSION Among all tested neuropeptide preparations, Cerebrolysin® was the only agent that was associated with a significant improvement of neurological outcome after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Talan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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41
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Venkat P, Yan T, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Ning R, Van Slyke P, Dumont D, Landschoot-Ward J, Liang L, Chen J. Angiopoietin-1 Mimetic Peptide Promotes Neuroprotection after Stroke in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1744-1752. [PMID: 30124060 PMCID: PMC6300775 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718791568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) mediates vascular maturation and immune response. Diabetes decreases Ang1 expression and disrupts Ang1/Tie2 signaling activity. Vasculotide is an Ang1 mimetic peptide, and has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we test the hypothesis that vasculotide treatment induces neuroprotection and decreases inflammation after stroke in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats. T1DM rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with: 1) phosphate buffered saline (PBS); 2) vasculotide (3µg/kg, i.p. injection) administered half an hour prior to MCAo and at 8 and 24 hours after MCAo. Rats were sacrificed at 48 h after MCAo. Neurological function, infarct volume, hemorrhage, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and neuroinflammation were measured. Vasculotide treatment of T1DM-MCAo rats significantly improves functional outcome, decreases infarct volume and BBB permeability, but does not decrease brain hemorrhagic transformation compared with PBS-treated T1DM-MCAo rats. In the ischemic brain, Vasculotide treatment significantly decreases apoptosis, number of cleaved-caspase-3 positive cells, the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Western blot analysis shows that vasculotide significantly decreases expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), MCP-1 and TNF-α in the ischemic brain compared with T1DM-MCAo rats. Vasculotide treatment in cultured primary cortical neurons (PCN) significantly decreases TLR4 expression compared with control. Decreased neuroinflammation and reduced BBB leakage may contribute, at least in part, to vasculotide-induced neuroprotective effects after stroke in T1DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Daniel Dumont
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Linlin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Deuchar GA, van Kralingen JC, Work LM, Santosh C, Muir KW, McCabe C, Macrae IM. Preclinical Validation of the Therapeutic Potential of Glasgow Oxygen Level Dependent (GOLD) Technology: a Theranostic for Acute Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:583-595. [PMID: 30506268 PMCID: PMC6733820 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In acute stroke patients, penumbral tissue is non-functioning but potentially salvageable within a time window of variable duration and represents target tissue for rescue. Reperfusion by thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy can rescue penumbra and improve stroke outcomes, but these treatments are currently available to a minority of patients. In addition to the utility of Glasgow Oxygen Level Dependent (GOLD) as an MRI contrast capable of detecting penumbra, its constituent perfluorocarbon (PFC) oxygen carrier, combined with normobaric hyperoxia, also represents a potential acute stroke treatment through improved oxygen delivery to penumbra. Preclinical studies were designed to test the efficacy of an intravenous oxygen carrier, the perfluorocarbon emulsion Oxycyte® (O-PFC), combined with normobaric hyperoxia (50% O2) in both in vitro (neuronal cell culture) and in vivo rat models of ischaemic stroke. Outcome was assessed through the quantification of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress levels, mortality, infarct volume, neurological scoring and sensorimotor tests of functional outcome in two in vivo models of stroke. Additionally, we investigated evidence for any positive or negative interactions with the thrombolytic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) following embolus-induced stroke in rats. Treatment with intravenous O-PFC + normobaric hyperoxia (50% O2) provided evidence of reduced infarct size and improved functional recovery. It did not exacerbate oxidative stress and showed no adverse interactions with rt-PA. The positive results and lack of adverse effects support human trials of O-PFC + 50% O2 normobaric hyperoxia as a potential therapeutic approach. Combined with the diagnostic data presented in the preceding paper, O-PFC and normobaric hyperoxia is a potential theranostic for acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme A Deuchar
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, 20-23 Woodside Place, Glasgow, Scotland, G3 7QL, UK.
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Josie C van Kralingen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Celestine Santosh
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, 20-23 Woodside Place, Glasgow, Scotland, G3 7QL, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Chris McCabe
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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43
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Estimation of microvascular capillary physical parameters using MRI assuming a pseudo liquid drop as model of fluid exchange on the cellular level. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 24:3-11. [PMID: 30337842 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim One of the most important microvasculatures' geometrical variables is number of pores per capillary length that can be evaluated using MRI. The transportation of blood from inner to outer parts of the capillary is studied by the pores and the relationship among capillary wall thickness, size and the number of pores is examined. Background Characterization of capillary space may obtain much valuable information on the performance of tissues as well as the angiogenesis. Methods To estimate the number of pores, a new pseudo-liquid drop model along with appropriate quantitative physiological purposes has been investigated toward indicating a package of data on the capillary space. This model has utilized the MRI perfusion, diffusion and relaxivity parameters such as cerebral blood volume (CBV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ΔR 2 and Δ R 2 * values. To verify the model, a special protocol was designed and tested on various regions of eight male Wistar rats. Results The maximum number of pores per capillary length in the various conditions such as recovery, core, normal-recovery, and normal-core were found to be 183 ± 146, 176 ± 160, 275 ± 166, and 283 ± 143, respectively. This ratio in the normal regions was more than that of the damaged ones. The number of pores increased with increasing mean radius of the capillary and decreasing the thickness of the wall in the capillary space. Conclusion Determination of the number of capillary pore may most likely help to evaluate angiogenesis in the tissues and treatment planning of abnormal ones.
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Key Words
- 2DFT, two-dimensional Fourier transform
- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CBV, cerebral blood volume
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- Diameter
- Diffusion MRI
- FLASH, fast low angle shot
- FOV, field of view
- MCA, middle cerebral artery
- MTT, mean transit time
- Microvasculature
- PWI, perfusion weighted imaging
- Pores
- Pseudo-liquid drop model
- RF, radio frequency
- ROI, region of interest
- TCL, total capillary length
- VSI, vessel size index
- Wistar rats
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44
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Davidson SM, Arjun S, Basalay MV, Bell RM, Bromage DI, Bøtker HE, Carr RD, Cunningham J, Ghosh AK, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Maddock H, Ovize M, Walker M, Wiart M, Yellon DM. The 10th Biennial Hatter Cardiovascular Institute workshop: cellular protection-evaluating new directions in the setting of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and cardio-oncology. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:43. [PMID: 30310998 PMCID: PMC6182684 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to its poor capacity for regeneration, the heart is particularly sensitive to the loss of contractile cardiomyocytes. The onslaught of damage caused by ischaemia and reperfusion, occurring during an acute myocardial infarction and the subsequent reperfusion therapy, can wipe out upwards of a billion cardiomyocytes. A similar program of cell death can cause the irreversible loss of neurons in ischaemic stroke. Similar pathways of lethal cell injury can contribute to other pathologies such as left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure caused by cancer therapy. Consequently, strategies designed to protect the heart from lethal cell injury have the potential to be applicable across all three pathologies. The investigators meeting at the 10th Hatter Cardiovascular Institute workshop examined the parallels between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischaemic stroke, and other pathologies that cause the loss of cardiomyocytes including cancer therapeutic cardiotoxicity. They examined the prospects for protection by remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in each scenario, and evaluated impasses and novel opportunities for cellular protection, with the future landscape for RIC in the clinical setting to be determined by the outcome of the large ERIC-PPCI/CONDI2 study. It was agreed that the way forward must include measures to improve experimental methodologies, such that they better reflect the clinical scenario and to judiciously select combinations of therapies targeting specific pathways of cellular death and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sapna Arjun
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Maryna V Basalay
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Robert M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Daniel I Bromage
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Richard D Carr
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- MSD A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Cunningham
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Arjun K Ghosh
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Gerd Heusch
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Maddock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Université de Lyon and Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires Groupement Hospitalier Est, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Malcolm Walker
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Marlene Wiart
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Université de Lyon and Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires Groupement Hospitalier Est, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
- CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Intravenous xenogeneic human cardiosphere-derived cell extracellular vesicles (exosomes) improves behavioral function in small-clot embolized rabbits. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Dela Peña IC, Yang S, Shen G, Fang Liang H, Solak S, Borlongan CV. Extension of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Window by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in a Thromboembolic Rat Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061635. [PMID: 29857523 PMCID: PMC6032420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When given beyond 4.5 h of stroke onset, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) induces deleterious side effects in the ischemic brain, notably, hemorrhagic transformation (HT). We examined the efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in reducing delayed tPA-induced HT, cerebral infarction, and neurological deficits in a thromboembolic (TE) stroke model, and whether the effects of G-CSF were sustained for longer periods of recovery. After stroke induction, rats were given intravenous saline (control), tPA (10 mg/kg), or G-CSF (300 μg/kg) + tPA 6 h after stroke. We found that G-CSF reduced delayed tPA-associated HT by 47%, decreased infarct volumes by 33%, and improved motor and neurological deficits by 15% and 25%, respectively. It also prevented delayed tPA treatment-induced mortality by 46%. Immunohistochemistry showed 1.5- and 1.8-fold enrichment of the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) markers CD34+ and VEGFR2 in the ischemic cortex and striatum, respectively, and 1.7- and 2.8-fold increases in the expression of the vasculogenesis marker von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the ischemic cortex and striatum, respectively, in G-CSF-treated rats compared with tPA-treated animals. Flow cytometry revealed increased mobilization of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood of rats given G-CSF. These results corroborate the efficacy of G-CSF in enhancing the therapeutic time window of tPA for stroke treatment via EPC mobilization and enhancement of vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike C Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Hsiao Fang Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Sara Solak
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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47
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Li M, Zhou J, Jin W, Li X, Zhang Y. Danhong Injection Combined With t-PA Improves Thrombolytic Therapy in Focal Embolic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:308. [PMID: 29681849 PMCID: PMC5897498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemorrhagic transformation, neurotoxicity, short treatment time windows, and other defects are considered as the major limitations for the thrombolytic therapy. This study is devoted to figure out whether Danhong injection (DHI) combined with tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) could extend the treatment time windows and ameliorate brain injury, hemorrhagic complication and BBB disruption after focal embolic stroke. Methods:In vitro, the combined concentrations of DHI and t-PA were added to wells reacted with plasminogen and D-Val-Leu-Lys-AMC. The optimum ratio of the combination of DHI plus t-PA was explored by detecting relative fluorescent. In vivo experiments, we firstly investigated the optimal dose of t-PA and Danhong injection for focal embolic stroke. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume and brain edema were assessed. Secondly, we proved that the combination group extended the thrombolytic window for treatment of focal embolic stroke. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume, brain edema and hemorrhagic complication were assessed, while levels of BAX, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in brain tissue were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, to ask whether combination therapy with DHI plus t-PA protected the blood-brain barrier in a rat model of focal embolic stroke, neurological deficit score, ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot and fluorescence were used to detect the indicators of blood-brain barrier, such as tight junction protein, blood-brain barrier permeability and related gene expression. Results:In vitro, plasmin activity assays showed that the combination of t-PA with DHI at about 1:1.6 w/v ratio increased by almost 1.4-fold the plasmin-generating capability of t-PA. In vivo experiments, the results showed that the combination of Danhong injection (4 mL/kg) and t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) could extend the t-PA treatment time windows to 4.5 h. And the combination t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) with DHI (4 mL/kg) ameliorated neurological score, cerebral infarction, brain edema, brain hemorrhage, and BBB disruption. Conclusion: Combination therapy with Danhong injection (4 mL/kg) plus t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) could extend the t-PA treatment time windows to 4.5 h, ameliorate BBB disruption, reduce infarction, brain swelling and hemorrhage after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Korobtsov AV, Kalinichenko SG. [The experimental strategies in the study of ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 117:38-44. [PMID: 29411744 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711712238-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Literature data and own experience in the studies of experimental stroke methodology are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of the common models of focal ischemia used in the laboratory practice are discussed in details. The advantages of the filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats as the most adequate model of human stroke are substantiated. The authors suggest a modification of this variant using an additional coagulation of the pterygopalatine artery that allows the exclusion of the retrograde and collateral blood flow into the inner carotid artery after ligation of the common and external carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Korobtsov
- Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russia
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49
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Abstract
To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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50
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Hao CH, Ding WX, Sun Q, Li XX, Wang WT, Zhao ZY, Tang LD. Effect of human recombinant prourokinase(rhpro-UK) on thromboembolic stroke in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:429-434. [PMID: 29154937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of human recombinant prourokinase ( rhpro-UK) on thromboembolic stroke in rats. 60 rats with thromboembolic stroke were divided into 6 groups (n = 10). The model group was given saline, the reagent groups were given rhpro-UK (5, 10, 20 × 104U/kg), and positive control groups were given urokinase (UK) 10 × 104U/kg and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 9mg/kg through intravenous infusion at 1.5h after embolism. And other 10 rats without occluded by autologous blood clots as the sham group were given saline. At 6h after treatment, neurological deficit score and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) including T1WI and T2WI sequence scanning were measured. At 24h after treatment, the brain was cut for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and aspectrophotometric assay to measure the infarct area and intracerebral hemorrhage after neurological deficit detection. rhpro-UK (5, 10, 20 × 104 U/kg) improved neurological disorder by 39.1 ± 19.7% (n = 10, P > 0.05), 65.2 ± 14.2% (n = 10, P < 0.01) and 65.2 ± 14.2% (n = 10, P < 0.01) maximally; decreased brain lesion volume by 36.7 ± 34.8% (n = 10, P < 0.05), 77.6 ± 7.7% (n = 10, P < 0.01) and 80.5 ± 6.9% (n = 10, P < 0.01); decreased infarction area by 38.2 ± 24.0% (n = 10, P < 0.01), 73.9 ± 5.2% (n = 10, P < 0.001) and 79.7 ± 4.0% (n = 10, P < 0.001) respectively, and there were no statistics difference between rhpro-UK (5, 10, 20 × 104 U/kg) and each positive groups at intracerebral hemorrhage (P > 0.05). Rhpro-UK improved the damaged neural function, decreased the extent of the disease and did not raise bleeding, had protective effects for cerebral ischemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Hao
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 300301, China
| | - Wen-Xia Ding
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, 300410, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, 300410, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, 300410, China
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 300301, China.
| | - Zhuan-You Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 300301, China
| | - Li-da Tang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 300301, China.
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