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Qian C, Li P, Wang J, Hong X, Zhao X, Wu L, Miao Z, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Centrifugo-Pneumatic Reciprocating Flowing Coupled with a Spatial Confinement Strategy for an Ultrafast Multiplexed Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7145-7154. [PMID: 38656793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays serve as powerful diagnostic tools for early disease screening, process monitoring, and precision treatment. However, the current methods are limited by high costs, prolonged processing times (>2 h), and operational complexities that hinder their widespread application in point-of-care testing. Here, we propose a novel centrifugo-pneumatic reciprocating flowing coupled with spatial confinement strategy, termed PRCM, for ultrafast multiplexed immunoassay of pathogens on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Each chip consists of four replicated units; each unit allows simultaneous detection of three targets, thereby facilitating high-throughput parallel analysis of multiple targets. The PRCM platform enables sequential execution of critical steps such as solution mixing, reaction, and drainage by coordinating inherent parameters, including motor rotation speed, rotation direction, and acceleration/deceleration. By integrating centrifugal-mediated pneumatic reciprocating flow with spatial confinement strategies, we significantly reduce the duration of immune binding from 30 to 5 min, enabling completion of the entire testing process within 20 min. As proof of concept, we conducted a simultaneous comparative test on- and off-the-microfluidics using 12 negative and positive clinical samples. The outcomes yielded 100% accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thus highlighting the potential of our PRCM system for multiplexed point-of-care immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zeyu Miao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Yuan H, Wan C, Wang X, Li S, Xie H, Qian C, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Programmable Gravity Self-Driven Microfluidic Chip for Point-of-Care Multiplied Immunoassays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310206. [PMID: 38085133 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is experiencing a groundbreaking transformation with microfluidic chips, which offer precise fluid control and manipulation at the microscale. Nevertheless, chip design or operation for existing platforms is rather cumbersome, with some even heavily depending on external drivers or devices, impeding their broader utilization. This study develops a unique programmable gravity self-driven microfluidic chip (PGSMC) capable of simultaneous multi-reagent sequential release, multi-target analysis, and multi-chip operation. All necessary reagents are introduced in a single step, and the process is initiated simply by flipping the PGSMC vertically, eliminating the need for additional steps or devices. Additionally, it demonstrates successful immunoassays in less than 60 min for antinuclear antibodies testing, compared to more than 120 min by traditional methods. Assessment using 25 clinically diagnosed cases showcases remarkable sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (99%). These outcomes underscored its potential as a promising platform for POCT with high accuracy, speed, and reliability, highlighting its capability for automated fluid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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3
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Duarte LC, Figueredo F, Chagas CLS, Cortón E, Coltro WKT. A review of the recent achievements and future trends on 3D printed microfluidic devices for bioanalytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342429. [PMID: 38499426 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing process of microanalytical devices by enabling the automated production of customized objects. This technology promises to become a fundamental tool, accelerating investigations in critical areas of health, food, and environmental sciences. This microfabrication technology can be easily disseminated among users to produce further and provide analytical data to an interconnected network towards the Internet of Things, as 3D printers enable automated, reproducible, low-cost, and easy fabrication of microanalytical devices in a single step. New functional materials are being investigated for one-step fabrication of highly complex 3D printed parts using photocurable resins. However, they are not yet widely used to fabricate microfluidic devices. This is likely the critical step towards easy and automated fabrication of sophisticated, complex, and functional 3D-printed microchips. Accordingly, this review covers recent advances in the development of 3D-printed microfluidic devices for point-of-care (POC) or bioanalytical applications such as nucleic acid amplification assays, immunoassays, cell and biomarker analysis and organs-on-a-chip. Finally, we discuss the future implications of this technology and highlight the challenges in researching and developing appropriate materials and manufacturing techniques to enable the production of 3D-printed microfluidic analytical devices in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Inhumas, 75402-556, Inhumas, GO, Brazil
| | - Federico Figueredo
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Bioanalisis (LABB), Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Cyro L S Chagas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cortón
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Bioanalisis (LABB), Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim D. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 PMCID: PMC10928588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Laskow
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Microphysiological SystemsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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5
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Sousa LR, Guinati BGS, Maciel LIL, Baldo TA, Duarte LC, Takeuchi RM, Faria RC, Vaz BG, Paixão TRLC, Coltro WKT. Office paper and laser printing: a versatile and affordable approach for fabricating paper-based analytical devices with multimodal detection capabilities. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:467-479. [PMID: 38126917 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple protocols have been reported to fabricate paper-based analytical devices (PADs). However, some of these techniques must be revised because of the instrumentation required. This paper describes a versatile and globally affordable method to fabricate PADs using office paper as a substrate and a laser printing technique to define hydrophobic barriers on paper surfaces. To demonstrate the feasibility of the alternatives proposed in this study, the fabrication of devices for three types of detection commonly associated with using PADs was demonstrated: colorimetric detection, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry associated with a paper-spray ionization (PSI-MS) technique. Besides that, an evaluation of the type of paper used and chemical modifications required on the substrate surface are also presented in this report. Overall, the developed protocol was suitable for using office paper as a substrate, and the laser printing technique as an efficient fabrication method when using this substrate is accessible at a resource-limited point-of-need. Target analytes were used as a proof of concept for these detection techniques. Colorimetric detection was carried out for acetaminophen, iron, nitrate, and nitrite with limits of detection of 0.04 μg, 4.5 mg mL-1, 2.7 μmol L-1, and 6.8 μmol L-1, respectively. A limit of detection of 0.048 fg mL-1 was obtained for the electrochemical analysis of prostate-specific antigen. Colorimetric and electrochemical devices revealed satisfactory performance when office paper with a grammage of 90 g m-2 was employed. Methyldopa analysis was also carried out using PSI-MS, which showed a good response in the same paper weight and behavior compared to chromatographic paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Bioanálisis (LABB), Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara G S Guinati
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lanaia I L Maciel
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa A Baldo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lucas C Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Regina M Takeuchi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Faria
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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6
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Pang Z, Li S, Wang S, Cai Z, Zhang S, Wan C, Wang J, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Controlled-diffusion centrifugal microfluidic for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342033. [PMID: 38182334 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics has become a global public safety issue, leading to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The development of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial in reducing the growth of AMR. However, traditional AST methods are time-consuming (e.g., 24-72 h), labor-intensive, and costly. Here, we propose a controlled-diffusion centrifugal microfluidic platform (CCM) for rapid AST to obtain highly precise minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Antibiotic concentration gradients are generated by controlled moving and diffusing of antibiotic and buffer solution along the main microchannel within 3 min. The solution and bacterial suspension are then injected into the outermost reaction chamber by simple centrifugation. The CCM successfully determined the MIC for three commonly used antibiotics in clinical settings within 4-9 h. To further enhance practicality, reduce costs, and meet point-of-care testing demands, we have developed an integrated mobile detection platform for automated MIC value acquisition. The proposed CCM is a simple, low-cost, and portable method for rapid AST with broad clinical and in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shangang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zonglin Cai
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jieqing Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Turiello R, Nouwairi RL, Keller J, Cunha LL, Dignan LM, Landers JP. A rotationally-driven dynamic solid phase sodium bisulfite conversion disc for forensic epigenetic sample preparation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:97-112. [PMID: 38019115 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The approaches to forensic human identification (HID) are largely comparative in nature, relying upon the comparison of short tandem repeat profiles to known reference materials and/or database profiles. However, many profiles are generated from evidence materials that either do not have a reference material for comparison or do not produce a database hit. As an alternative to individualizing analysis for HID, researchers of forensic DNA have demonstrated that the human epigenome can provide a wealth of information. However, epigenetic analysis requires sodium b̲is̲ulfite c̲onversion (BSC), a sample preparation method that is time-consuming, labor-intensive, prone to contamination, and characterized by DNA loss and fragmentation. To provide an alternative method for BSC that is more amenable to integration with the forensic DNA workflow, we describe a rotationally-driven, microfluidic method for dynamic solid phase-BSC (dSP-BSC) that streamlines the sample preparation process in an automated format, capable of preparing up to four samples in parallel. The method permitted decreased incubation intervals by ∼36% and was assessed for relative DNA recovery and conversion efficiency and compared to gold-standard and enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - R L Nouwairi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - J Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - L L Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - L M Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - J P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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8
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Hoang T, Truong H, Han J, Lee S, Lee J, Parajuli S, Lee J, Cho G. Room temperature roll-to-roll additive manufacturing of polydimethylsiloxane-based centrifugal microfluidic device for on-site isolation of ribonucleic acid from whole blood. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100838. [PMID: 38033369 PMCID: PMC10681912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based lab-on-a-disc (LoaD) devices for isolating ribonucleic acid (RNA) from whole blood samples have gained considerable attention for accurate biomedical analysis and point-of-care diagnostics. However, the mass production of these devices remains challenging in manufacturing cost and sustainability, primarily due to the utilization of a laser cutter or router computer numerical control (CNC) machine for engraving and cutting plastics in the conventional prototyping process. Herein, we reported the first energy-efficient room-temperature printing-imprinting integrated roll-to-roll manufacturing platform for mass production of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based LoaD to on-site isolate ribonucleic acid (RNA) from undiluted blood samples. We significantly reduced energy consumption and eliminated thermal expansion variations between the mold, substrate, and resists by accelerating the PDMS curing time to less than 10 min at room temperature without using heat or ultraviolet radiation. The additive manufacturing technology was applied to fabricate a multi-depth flexible polymer mold that integrated macro (2 mm) and micro-sized (500 μm) features, which overcomes the economic and environmental challenges of conventional molding techniques. Our integrated R2R platform was enabled to print adhesion-promoting films at the first printing unit and continuously in-line imprint with a high replication accuracy (99%) for high-volume manufacturing of a new centrifugal microfluidic chip with an enhancement of mixing performance by integrating an efficient mixing chamber and serpentine micromixer. This research paved the way for scalable green manufacturing of large-volume polymer-based microfluidic devices, often required in real-world sample-driven analytical systems for clinical bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hoang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Han Truong
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Saebom Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sajjan Parajuli
- Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyoujin Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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9
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Qian C, Wan C, Li S, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Gao S, Wu L, Zhou M, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. On-Line Dual-Active Valves Based Centrifugal Microfluidic Chip for Fully Automated Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12521-12531. [PMID: 37556853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for a fully integrated microfluidic platform that can automatically perform multistep and multireagent immunoassays. Here, we proposed a novel online dual-active valve-based centrifugal microfluidic chip, termed DAVM, for fully automatic point-of-care immunoassay. Practically, the puncture valve, one of the dual active valves, is capable of achieving precise, on-demand, sequential release of prestored reagents, while the other valve-reversible active valve enables controlled retention and drainage of the reaction solutions. Thereby, our technology mitigates the challenges of hydrophilic/hydrophobic modifications and unstable valve control performance commonly observed in passive valve controls. As a proof of concept, the indirect enzymatic immunoblotting technique was employed on DAVM for fully automated immunological analysis of eight targets, yielding outcomes within an hour. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of 28 clinical samples with autoimmune diseases. According to 224 clinical data, the sample testing concordance rate between DAVM and the traditional instrument was 82%, with a target compliance rate of 97%. Therefore, our DAVM system has powerful potential for fully automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Niu J, Liu W, Li JX, Pang X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yue K, Zhou Y, Xu F, Li X, Li F. Machining water through laser cutting of nanoparticle-encased water pancakes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3853. [PMID: 37386038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the inherent disorder and fluidity of water, precise machining of water through laser cutting are challenging. Herein we report a strategy that realizes the laser cutting machining of water through constructing hydrophobic silica nanoparticle-encased water pancakes with sub-millimeter depth. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental studies, the developed process of nanoparticle-encased water pancake laser cutting and the parameters that affect cutting accuracy are verified and elucidated. We demonstrate that laser-fabricated water patterns can form diverse self-supporting chips (SSCs) with openness, transparency, breathability, liquid morphology, and liquid flow control properties. Applications of laser-fabricated SSCs to various fields, including chemical synthesis, biochemical sensing, liquid metal manipulation, patterned hydrogel synthesis, and drug screening, are also conceptually demonstrated. This work provides a strategy for precisely machining water using laser cutting, addressing existing laser machining challenges and holding significance for widespread fields involving fluid patterning and flow control in biological, chemical, materials and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jasmine Xinze Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xianglong Pang
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Keyang Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Shaanxi Basic Discipline (Liquid Physics) Research Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.
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11
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Bazyar H. On the Application of Microfluidic-Based Technologies in Forensics: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5856. [PMID: 37447704 PMCID: PMC10346202 DOI: 10.3390/s23135856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is a powerful tool to enable the rapid, accurate, and on-site analysis of forensically relevant evidence on a crime scene. This review paper provides a summary on the application of this technology in various forensic investigation fields spanning from forensic serology and human identification to discriminating and analyzing diverse classes of drugs and explosives. Each aspect is further explained by providing a short summary on general forensic workflow and investigations for body fluid identification as well as through the analysis of drugs and explosives. Microfluidic technology, including fabrication methodologies, materials, and working modules, are touched upon. Finally, the current shortcomings on the implementation of the microfluidic technology in the forensic field are discussed along with the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Bazyar
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Pinheiro KMP, Guinati BGS, Moreira NS, Coltro WKT. Low-Cost Microfluidic Systems for Detection of Neglected Tropical Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:117-138. [PMID: 37068747 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-024759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect tropical and subtropical countries and are caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. These kinds of diseases spread quickly due to the tropical climate and limited access to clean water, sanitation, and health care, which make exposed people more vulnerable. NTDs are reported to be difficult and inefficient to diagnose. As mentioned, most NTDs occur in countries that are socially vulnerable, and the lack of resources and access to modern laboratories and equipment intensify the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, leading to an increase in the mortality rate. Portable and low-cost microfluidic systems have been widely applied for clinical diagnosis, offering a promising alternative that can meet the needs for fast, affordable, and reliable diagnostic tests in developing countries. This review provides a critical overview of microfluidic devices that have been reported in the literature for the detection of the most common NTDs over the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikaele S Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, Brazil
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13
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Woolf MS, Dignan LM, Karas SM, Lewis HM, Kim SN, Geise GM, DeMers HL, Hau D, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, AuCoin DP, Landers JP. Digital image analysis for biothreat detection via rapid centrifugal microfluidic orthogonal flow immunocapture. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1870-1880. [PMID: 36975002 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report clear proof-of-principle for centrifugally-driven, multiplexed, paper-based orthogonal flow sandwich-style immunocapture (cOFI) and colorimetric detection of Zaire Ebola virus-like particles. Capture antibodies are immobilized onto nanoporous nitrocellulose membranes that are then laminated into polymeric microfluidic discs to yield ready-to-use analytical devices. Fluid flow is controlled solely by rotational speed, obviating the need for complex pneumatic pumping systems, and providing more precise flow control than with the capillary-driven flow used in traditional lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs). Samples containing the antigen of interest and gold nanoparticle-labeled detection antibodies are pumped centrifugally through the embedded, prefunctionalized membrane where they are subsequently captured to generate a positive, colorimetric signal. When compared to the equivalent LFI counterparts, this cOFI approach generated immunochromatographic colorimetric responses that are objectively darker (saturation), more intense (grayscale), and less variable regarding total area of the color response. We also describe an image analysis approach that enables access to rich color data and area statistics without the need for a commercial 'strip reader' or custom-written image analysis algorithms. Instead, our analytical method exploits inexpensive equipment (e.g., smart phone, flatbed scanner, etc.) and freely available software (Fiji distribution of ImageJ) to permit characterization of immunochromatographic responses that includes multiple color metrics, offering insights beyond typical grayscale analysis. The findings reported here stand as clear proof-of-principle for the feasibility of disc-based, centrifugally driven orthogonal flow through a membrane with immunocapture (cOFI) and colorimetric readout of a sandwich-type immunoassay in less than 15 minutes. Once fully developed, this cOFI platform could render a faster, more accurate diagnosis, while processing multiple samples simul-taneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Leah M Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Scott M Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, USA
| | | | - Sabrina N Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, USA
| | | | - Haley L DeMers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Derrick Hau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - David P AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, USA
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14
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Woolf MS, Cunha LL, Hadley KC, Moffett RP, Landers JP. Towards an affinity-free, centrifugal microfluidic system for rapid, automated forensic differential extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1249:340826. [PMID: 36868762 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological evidence originating from victims of sexual assault is often comprised of unbalanced cellular mixtures with significantly higher contributions from the victim's genetic material. Enrichment of the forensically-critical sperm fraction (SF) with single-source male DNA relies on differential extraction (DE), a manually-intensive process that is prone to contamination. Due to DNA losses from sequential washing steps, some existing DE methods often fail to generate sufficient sperm cell DNA recovery for perpetrator(s) identification. Here, we propose an enzymatic, 'swab-in' rotationally-driven microfluidic device to achieve complete, self-contained, on-disc automation of the forensic DE workflow. This 'swab-in' approach retains the sample within the microdevice, enabling lysis of sperm cells directly from the evidence cutting to improve sperm cell DNA yield. We demonstrate clear proof-of-concept of a centrifugal platform that provides for timed reagent release, temperature control for sequential enzymatic reactions, and enclosed fluidic fractionation that allows for objective evaluation of the DE process chain with a total processing time of ≤15 min. On-disc extraction of buccal or sperm swabs establishes compatibility of the prototype disc with: 1) an entirely enzymatic extraction method, and 2) distinct downstream analysis modalities, such as the PicoGreen® DNA assay for nucleic acid detection and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Larissa L Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Kevyn C Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rachel P Moffett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Li S, Wan C, Wang B, Chen D, Zeng W, Hong X, Li L, Pang Z, Du W, Feng X, Chen P, Li Y, Liu BF. Handyfuge Microfluidic for On-Site Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6145-6155. [PMID: 36996249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost, rapid, and accurate acquisition of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) is key to limiting the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Until now, conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods are typically time-consuming, high-cost, and labor-intensive, making them difficult to accomplish this task. Herein, an electricity-free, portable, and robust handyfuge microfluidic chip was developed for on-site AST, termed handyfuge-AST. With simply handheld centrifugation, the bacterial-antibiotic mixtures with accurate antibiotic concentration gradients could be generated in less than 5 min. The accurate MIC values of single antibiotics (including ampicillin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol) or their combinations against Escherichia coli could be obtained within 5 h. To further meet the growing demands of point-of-care testing, we upgraded our handyfuge-AST with a pH-based colorimetric strategy, enabling naked eye recognition or intelligent recognition with a homemade mobile app. Through a comparative study of 60 clinical data (10 clinical samples corresponding to six commonly used antibiotics), the accurate MICs by handyfuge-AST with 100% categorical agreements were achieved compared to clinical standard methods (area under curves, AUCs = 1.00). The handyfuge-AST could be used as a low-cost, portable, and robust point-of-care device to rapidly obtain accurate MIC values, which significantly limit the progress of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bangfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongjuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenyi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lina Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Qian C, Li J, Pang Z, Xie H, Wan C, Li S, Wang X, Xiao Y, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Hand-powered centrifugal micropipette-tip with distance-based quantification for on-site testing of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Talanta 2023; 258:124466. [PMID: 36963148 PMCID: PMC10023210 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed a hand-powered centrifugal micropipette-tip strategy, termed HCM, for all-in-one immunoassay combined with a distance-based readout for portable quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. The target SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen triggers the binding of multiple monoclonal antibody-coated red latex nanobeads, forming larger complexes. Following incubation and centrifugation, the formed aggregated complexes settle at the bottom of the tip, while free red nanobeads remain suspended in the solution. The HCM enables sensitive (1 ng/mL) and reliable quantification of SARS-CoV-2 within 25 min. With the advantages of free washing, free fabrication, free instrument, and without the optical device, the proposed low-cost and easy-to-use HCM immunoassay shows great potential for quantitative POC diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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17
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Cao UMN, Zhang Y, Chen J, Sayson D, Pillai S, Tran SD. Microfluidic Organ-on-A-chip: A Guide to Biomaterial Choice and Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043232. [PMID: 36834645 PMCID: PMC9966054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-A-chip (OoAC) devices are miniaturized, functional, in vitro constructs that aim to recapitulate the in vivo physiology of an organ using different cell types and extracellular matrix, while maintaining the chemical and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironments. From an end-point perspective, the success of a microfluidic OoAC relies mainly on the type of biomaterial and the fabrication strategy employed. Certain biomaterials, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), are preferred over others due to their ease of fabrication and proven success in modelling complex organ systems. However, the inherent nature of human microtissues to respond differently to surrounding stimulations has led to the combination of biomaterials ranging from simple PDMS chips to 3D-printed polymers coated with natural and synthetic materials, including hydrogels. In addition, recent advances in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques have led to the powerful combination of utilizing these materials to develop microfluidic OoAC devices. In this narrative review, we evaluate the different materials used to fabricate microfluidic OoAC devices while outlining their pros and cons in different organ systems. A note on combining the advances made in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for the microfabrication of these complex systems is also discussed.
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18
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Layne TR, Nouwairi RL, Fleming R, Blair H, Landers JP. Rapid Microchip Electrophoretic Separation of Novel Transcriptomic Body Fluid Markers for Forensic Fluid Profiling. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1657. [PMID: 36296010 PMCID: PMC9609788 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Initial screening of criminal evidence often involves serological testing of stains of unknown composition and/or origin discovered at a crime scene to determine the tissue of origin. This testing is presumptive but critical for contextualizing the scene. Here, we describe a microfluidic approach for body fluid profiling via fluorescent electrophoretic separation of a published mRNA panel that provides unparalleled specificity and sensitivity. This centrifugal microfluidic approach expedites and automates the electrophoresis process by allowing for simple, rotationally driven flow and polymer loading through a 5 cm separation channel; with each disc containing three identical domains, multi-sample analysis is possible with a single disc and multi-sample detection per disc. The centrifugal platform enables a series of sequential unit operations (metering, mixing, aliquoting, heating, storage) to execute automated electrophoretic separation. Results show on-disc fluorescent detection and sizing of amplicons to perform comparably with a commercial 'gold standard' benchtop instrument and permitted sensitive, empirical discrimination between five distinct body fluids in less than 10 min. Notably, our microfluidic platform represents a faster, simpler method for separation of a transcriptomic panel to be used for forensically relevant body fluid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R. Layne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22939, USA
| | - Renna L. Nouwairi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22939, USA
| | - Rachel Fleming
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Haley Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22939, USA
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22939, USA
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19
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Jarad NA, Didar TF. The Fabrication and Bonding of Thermoplastic Microfluidics: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186478. [PMID: 36143790 PMCID: PMC9503322 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various fields within biomedical engineering have been afforded rapid scientific advancement through the incorporation of microfluidics. As literature surrounding biological systems become more comprehensive and many microfluidic platforms show potential for commercialization, the development of representative fluidic systems has become more intricate. This has brought increased scrutiny of the material properties of microfluidic substrates. Thermoplastics have been highlighted as a promising material, given their material adaptability and commercial compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive discussion surrounding recent developments pertaining to thermoplastic microfluidic device fabrication. Existing and emerging approaches related to both microchannel fabrication and device assembly are highlighted, with consideration toward how specific approaches induce physical and/or chemical properties that are optimally suited for relevant real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Noor Abu Jarad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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20
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Nelson DA, Thompson BL, Scott A, Nouwairi R, Birch C, DuVall JA, Roux DL, Li J, Root BE, Landers JP. Rapid, inexpensive fabrication of electrophoretic microdevices for fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1746-1754. [PMID: 35656648 PMCID: PMC9544361 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - An‐Chi Scott
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Renna Nouwairi
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Christopher Birch
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - Delphine Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Brian E. Root
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
- Department of Pathology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
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21
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Theel EK, Schwaminger SP. Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169004. [PMID: 36012270 PMCID: PMC9409173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive point-of-care (POC) applications. To achieve this, exosomes must first be separated from the respective biofluid. Impurities with similar properties, heterogeneity of exosome characteristics, and time-related biofouling complicate the separation. This practical review presents the state-of-the-art methods available for the separation of exosomes. Furthermore, it is shown how new separation methods can be developed. A particular focus lies on the fabrication and design of microfluidic devices using highly selective affinity separation. Due to their compactness, quick analysis time and portable form factor, these microfluidic devices are particularly suitable to deliver fast and reliable results for POC applications. For these devices, new manufacturing methods (e.g., laminating, replica molding and 3D printing) that use low-cost materials and do not require clean rooms are presented. Additionally, special flow routes and patterns that increase contact surfaces, as well as residence time, and thus improve affinity purification are displayed. Finally, various analyses are shown that can be used to evaluate the separation results of a newly developed device. Overall, this review paper provides a toolbox for developing new microfluidic affinity devices for exosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike K. Theel
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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22
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A novel method for inward fluid displacement in centrifugal microdevices for highly integrated nucleic acid processing with long-term reagent storage. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Nahak BK, Mishra A, Preetam S, Tiwari A. Advances in Organ-on-a-Chip Materials and Devices. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3576-3607. [PMID: 35839513 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OoC) paves a way for biomedical applications ranging from preclinical to clinical translational precision. The current trends in the in vitro modeling is to reduce the complexity of human organ anatomy to the fundamental cellular microanatomy as an alternative of recreating the entire cell milieu that allows systematic analysis of medicinal absorption of compounds, metabolism, and mechanistic investigation. The OoC devices accurately represent human physiology in vitro; however, it is vital to choose the correct chip materials. The potential chip materials include inorganic, elastomeric, thermoplastic, natural, and hybrid materials. Despite the fact that polydimethylsiloxane is the most commonly utilized polymer for OoC and microphysiological systems, substitute materials have been continuously developed for its advanced applications. The evaluation of human physiological status can help to demonstrate using noninvasive OoC materials in real-time procedures. Therefore, this Review examines the materials used for fabricating OoC devices, the application-oriented pros and cons, possessions for device fabrication and biocompatibility, as well as their potential for downstream biochemical surface alteration and commercialization. The convergence of emerging approaches, such as advanced materials, artificial intelligence, machine learning, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, and genomics, have the potential to perform OoC technology at next generation. Thus, OoC technologies provide easy and precise methodologies in cost-effective clinical monitoring and treatment using standardized protocols, at even personalized levels. Because of the inherent utilization of the integrated materials, employing the OoC with biomedical approaches will be a promising methodology in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Subham Preetam
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
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24
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O'Connell KC, Lawless NK, Stewart BM, Landers JP. Dielectric heating of highly corrosive and oxidizing reagents on a hybrid glass microfiber-polymer centrifugal microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2549-2565. [PMID: 35674228 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many assays necessitate the use of highly concentrated acids, powerful oxidizing agents, or a combination of the two. Although microfluidic devices offer vast potential for rapid analytical interrogation at the point-of-need (PON), they cannot escape the fundamental requirement for reagent compatibility. Worse, many innovative protocols have been developed that would represent a significant improvement to current field-forward practices within their respective disciplines, but adoption falters due to chemical incompatibility with challenging reagents. Polymeric centrifugal microfluidic devices meet many of the needs for accommodating complex chemical or biochemical protocols in a multiplexed and automatable format. Yet, they also struggle to accommodate highly reactive chemical components long term. In this work, we report on a simple and inexpensive reagent storage strategy that bypasses the typical complexity involved with integration of liquid reagents on microfluidic devices. Moreover, we demonstrate microdevice compatibility and operation after six months of corrosive reagent storage as well as post dielectric heating. This new strategy allows for storage of multiple highly corrosive and oxidative reagents simultaneously, enhancing the possibilities for multistep assay integration at the PON for a diverse array of applications. Successful detection after one week of corrosive reagent storage of an illicit drug and neurotransmitter metabolite, for forensic and clinical applications, is demonstrated. Furthermore, environmental sample preparation via microwave-assisted wet acid digestion is performed on-disc and integrated with downstream detection. Quantitative detection of a heavy metal in soil is achieved by way of on-disc calibration and found to be accurate within 2.4% compared to a gold standard reference (ICP-OES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian C O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Nicola K Lawless
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Brennan M Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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25
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Point-of-use printed nitrate sensor with desalination units. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:221. [PMID: 35578126 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate is an important marker of water quality that can be challenging to detect in seawater due to the presence of multiple chemical interferants and high background chloride. Here, we demonstrate a compact microfluidic device that incorporates electrochemical desalination to selectively remove the interfering chloride ions and improve the detection limit of the downstream potentiometric nitrate sensor. The microfluidic platform was fabricated by a low-cost cut-and-lamination approach, and the detection mechanism was based on potentiometric measurements at an Ag/AgCl electrode coated with a nitrate-selective membrane. The sensor system achieved a detection limit of 0.5 mM with a sensitivity of 11.3 mV/dec under continuous flow.
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26
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Mohd Asri MA, Mak WC, Norazman SA, Nordin AN. Low-cost and rapid prototyping of integrated electrochemical microfluidic platforms using consumer-grade off-the-shelf tools and materials. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1779-1792. [PMID: 35293400 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a low-cost, accessible, and rapid fabrication process for electrochemical microfluidic sensors. This work leverages the accessibility of consumer-grade electronic craft cutters as the primary tool for patterning of sensor electrodes and microfluidic circuits, while commodity materials such as gold leaf, silver ink pen, double-sided tape, plastic transparency films, and fabric adhesives are used as its base structural materials. The device consists of three layers, the silver reference electrode layer at the top, the PET fluidic circuits in the middle and the gold sensing electrodes at the bottom. Separation of the silver reference electrode from the gold sensing electrodes reduces the possibility of cross-contamination during surface modification. A novel approach in mesoscale patterning of gold leaf electrodes can produce generic designs with dimensions as small as 250 μm. Silver electrodes with dimensions as small as 385 μm were drawn using a plotter and a silver ink pen, and fluid microchannels as small as 300 μm were fabricated using a sandwich of iron-on adhesives and PET. Device layers are then fused together using an office laminator. The integrated microfluidic electrochemical platform has electrode kinetics/performance of ΔEp = 91.3 mV, Ipa/Ipc = 0.905, characterized by cyclic voltammetry using a standard ferrocyanide redox probe, and this was compared against a commercial screen-printed gold electrode (ΔEp = 68.9 mV, Ipa/Ipc = 0.984). To validate the performance of the integrated microfluidic electrochemical platform, a catalytic hydrogen peroxide sensor and enzyme-coupled glucose biosensors were developed as demonstrators. Hydrogen peroxide quantitation achieves a limit of detection of 0.713 mM and sensitivity of 78.37 μA mM-1 cm-2, while glucose has a limit of detection of 0.111 mM and sensitivity of 12.68 μA mM-1 cm-2. This rapid process allows an iterative design-build-test cycle in under 2 hours. The upfront cost to set up the system is less than USD 520, with each device costing less than USD 0.12, making this manufacturing process suitable for low-resource laboratories or classroom settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siti Azizah Norazman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
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27
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Versatile and Easily Designable Polyester-Laser Toner Interfaces for Site-Oriented Adsorption of Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073771. [PMID: 35409130 PMCID: PMC8998940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser toners appear as attractive materials for barriers and easily laminated interphases for Lab-on-a-Foil microfluidics, due to the excellent adhesion to paper and various membranes or foils. This work shows for the first time a comprehensive study on the adsorption of antibodies on toner-covered poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET@toner) substrates, together with assessment of such platforms in rapid prototyping of disposable microdevices and microarrays for immunodiagnostics. In the framework of presented research, the surface properties and antibody binding capacity of PET substrates with varying levels of toner coverage (0–100%) were characterized in detail. It was proven that polystyrene-acrylate copolymer-based toner offers higher antibody adsorption efficiency compared with unmodified polystyrene and PET as well as faster adsorption kinetics. Comparative studies of the influence of pH on the effectiveness of antibodies immobilization as well as measurements of surface ζ-potential of PET, toner, and polystyrene confirmed the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in adsorption mechanism. The applicability of PET@toner substrates as removable masks for protection of foil against permanent hydrophilization was also shown. It opens up the possibility of precise tuning of wettability and antibody binding capacity. Therefore, PET@toner foils are presented as useful platforms in the construction of immunoarrays or components of microfluidic systems.
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28
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Woolf MS, Dignan LM, Karas SM, Lewis HM, Hadley KC, Nauman AQ, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, AuCoin DP, Green HR, Geise GM, Landers JP. Characterization of a Centrifugal Microfluidic Orthogonal Flow Platform. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030487. [PMID: 35334778 PMCID: PMC8950265 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To bring to bear the power of centrifugal microfluidics on vertical flow immunoassays, control of flow orthogonally through nanoporous membranes is essential. The on-disc approach described here leverages the rapid print-cut-laminate (PCL) disc fabrication and prototyping method to create a permanent seal between disc materials and embedded nanoporous membranes. Rotational forces drive fluid flow, replacing capillary action, and complex pneumatic pumping systems. Adjacent microfluidic features form a flow path that directs fluid orthogonally (vertically) through these embedded membranes during assay execution. This method for membrane incorporation circumvents the need for solvents (e.g., acetone) to create the membrane-disc bond and sidesteps issues related to undesirable bypass flow. In other recently published work, we described an orthogonal flow (OF) platform that exploited embedded membranes for automation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Here, we more fully characterize flow patterns and cellulosic membrane behavior within the centrifugal orthogonal flow (cOF) format. Specifically, high-speed videography studies demonstrate that sample volume, membrane pore size, and ionic composition of the sample matrix significantly impact membrane behavior, and consequently fluid drainage profiles, especially when cellulosic membranes are used. Finally, prototype discs are used to demonstrate proof-of-principle for sandwich-type antigen capture and immunodetection within the cOF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leah M. Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Scott M. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Hannah M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Kevyn C. Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Aeren Q. Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - David P. AuCoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Heather R. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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29
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Xiao Y, Li S, Pang Z, Wan C, Li L, Yuan H, Hong X, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Multi-reagents dispensing centrifugal microfluidics for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114130. [PMID: 35245866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has shown great advantages for public health monitoring in resource-limited settings. However, developing of POCT tools with automated and accurate quantitative dispensing of multiple reagents and samples is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a novel multi-reagents dispensing centrifugal microfluidics (MDCM) that allows rapid and automated dispensing of multiple reagents and samples with high throughput and accuracy. The MDCM was designed with multiple aliquoting units with the hydrophobic valve at different radial positions. All reagents and samples were loaded simultaneously, dispensed in parallel by centrifugation at low speed, and then introduced into the reaction chamber sequentially by centrifugation at high speed. Two MDCM chips are demonstrated, including a uniform concentration generator and a gradient concentration generator. The concentration coefficient of variation (CV) among the independent reaction chambers was lower than 0.56%, and the theoretical quantitative concentration gradient was strongly correlated with the actual concentration gradient (R2 = 0.9938). We have successfully applied the MDCM to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based nucleic acid detection for multiple infectious pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for kanamycin sulfate against E. coli. To further extend the applications, the MDCM has also been applied to bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assays with online calibration, reducing the detection time from 2 h to 10 min with a twenty-fold reduction in reagent consumption. These results indicated that the MDCM is a high potential platform for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lina Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Turiello R, Dignan LM, Thompson B, Poulter M, Hickey J, Chapman J, Landers JP. Centrifugal Microfluidic Method for Enrichment and Enzymatic Extraction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3287-3295. [PMID: 35138818 PMCID: PMC8845438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The diversification of analytical tools for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is imperative for effective virus surveillance and transmission control worldwide. Development of robust methods for rapid, simple isolation of viral RNA permits more expedient pathogen detection by downstream real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) to minimize stalled containment and enhance treatment efforts. Here, we describe an automatable rotationally driven microfluidic platform for enrichment and enzymatic extraction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from multiple sample types. The multiplexed, enclosed microfluidic centrifugal device (μCD) is capable of preparing amplification-ready RNA from up to six samples in under 15 min, minimizing user intervention and limiting analyst exposure to pathogens. Sample enrichment leverages Nanotrap Magnetic Virus Particles to isolate intact SARS-CoV-2 virions from nasopharyngeal and/or saliva samples, enabling the removal of complex matrices that inhibit downstream RNA amplification and detection. Subsequently, viral capsids are lysed using an enzymatic lysis cocktail for release of pathogenic nucleic acids into a PCR-compatible buffer, obviating the need for downstream purification. Early in-tube assay characterization demonstrated comparable performance between our technique and a "gold-standard" commercial RNA extraction and purification kit. RNA obtained using the fully integrated μCDs permitted reliable SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR. Notably, we successfully analyzed full-process controls, positive clinical nasopharyngeal swabs suspended in viral transport media, and spiked saliva samples, showcasing the method's broad applicability with multiple sample matrices commonly encountered in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Turiello
- Department of Chemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Leah M. Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brayton Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Melinda Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeff Hickey
- MicroGEM
International, PLC, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Jeff Chapman
- MicroGEM
International, PLC, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- MicroGEM
International, PLC, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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31
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Ching T, Toh YC, Hashimoto M. Design and fabrication of micro/nanofluidics devices and systems. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:15-58. [PMID: 35033282 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the science, engineering, and design methods required in the development of micro/nanofluidic devices. Section 2 provides the scientific background of fluid mechanics and physical phenomena in micro/nanoscale. Section 3 gives a brief overview of the existing fabrication techniques employed in micro/nanofluidics. The techniques are grouped into three categories: (1) subtractive manufacturing, (2) formative manufacturing, and (3) additive manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of each manufacturing technique are also discussed. Implementation of the fluidic devices beyond laboratory demonstrations is not trivial, which requires a good understanding of the problems of interest and the end-users. To that end, Section 4 introduces the design thinking approach and its application to develop micro/nanofluidic devices. Finally, Section 5 concludes the chapter with future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Ching
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Michinao Hashimoto
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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Khor SM, Choi J, Won P, Ko SH. Challenges and Strategies in Developing an Enzymatic Wearable Sweat Glucose Biosensor as a Practical Point-Of-Care Monitoring Tool for Type II Diabetes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:221. [PMID: 35055239 PMCID: PMC8781831 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have been conducted on wearable biosensors. Despite being skin-adhesive and mountable diagnostic devices, flexible biosensor patches cannot truly be considered wearable biosensors if they need to be connected to external instruments/processors to provide meaningful data/readings. A realistic and usable wearable biosensor should be self-contained, with a fully integrated device framework carefully designed and configured to provide reliable and intelligent diagnostics. There are several major challenges to achieving continuous sweat monitoring in real time for the systematic and effective management of type II diabetes (e.g., prevention, screening, monitoring, and treatment) through wearable sweat glucose biosensors. Consequently, further in-depth research regarding the exact interrelationship between active or passive sweat glucose and blood glucose is required to assess the applicability of wearable glucose biosensors in functional health monitoring. This review provides some useful insights that can enable effective critical studies of these unresolved issues. In this review, we first classify wearable glucose biosensors based on their signal transduction, their respective challenges, and the advanced strategies required to overcome them. Subsequently, the challenges and limitations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic wearable glucose biosensors are discussed and compared. Ten basic criteria to be considered and fulfilled in the development of a suitable, workable, and wearable sweat-based glucose biosensor are listed, based on scientific reports from the last five years. We conclude with our outlook for the controllable, well-defined, and non-invasive monitoring of epidermal glucose for maximum diagnostic potential in the effective management of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Mei Khor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Joonhwa Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Phillip Won
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Dignan LM, Woolf MS, Ross JA, Baehr C, Holstege CP, Pravetoni M, Landers JP. A Membrane-Modulated Centrifugal Microdevice for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Detection of Illicit and Misused Drugs. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16213-16221. [PMID: 34807557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased opioid use and misuse have imposed large analytical demands across clinical and forensic sectors. Due to the absence of affordable, accurate, and simple on-site tests (e.g., point of interdiction and bedside), analysis is primarily conducted in centralized laboratories via time-consuming, labor-intensive methods. Many healthcare facilities do not have such analytical capabilities and must send samples to commercial laboratories, increasing turnaround time and care costs, as well as delaying public health warnings regarding the emergence of specific substances. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used ubiquitously, despite lengthy workflows that require substantial manual intervention. Faster, reliable analytics are desperately needed to mitigate the mortality and morbidity associated with the current substance use epidemic. We describe one such alternative─a portable centrifugal microfluidic ELISA system that supplants repetitive pipetting with rotationally controlled fluidics. Embedded cellulosic membranes act as microvalves, permitting flow only when centrifugally generated hydraulic pressure exceeds their liquid entry pressure. These features enable stepwise reagent introduction, incubation, and removal simply by tuning rotational frequency. We demonstrate the success of this platform through sensitive, specific colorimetric detection of opiates, a subclass of opioids naturally derived from the opium poppy. Objective image analysis eliminated subjectivity in human color perception and permitted reliable detection of opiates in buffer and artificial urine at the ng/μL range. Opiates were clearly differentiated from other drug classes without interference from common adulterants known to cause false positive results in current colorimetric field tests. Eight samples were simultaneously analyzed in under 1 h, a marked reduction from the traditional multiday timeline. This approach could permit rapid, automatable ELISA-based drug detection outside of traditional laboratories by nontechnical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - M Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jennifer A Ross
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Carly Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher P Holstege
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Xiang N, Ni Z. Electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter for size-based cell sorting. Talanta 2021; 235:122807. [PMID: 34517664 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional batch-top cell sorters are often bulky and expensive, and miniaturized microfluidic sorters available mostly require field generators and electricity-powered pumping systems. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, portable cell sorter that can be used in low resource settings is essential. In this study, we propose such an electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter that can be used for the high-efficiency sorting of differently sized cells in a continuous and passive manner. The proposed hand-held sorter is composed of a wheel-shaped all-in-one syringe inertial microfluidic sorter (i-sorter) with flow stabilizer units and two spring-driven mechanical syringe drivers. The release of the compression spring in the mechanical syringe driver through a one-click operation provides the flow driving force. Passive flow stabilizer units in the i-sorter enable flow-rate-sensitive inertial cell separation for the unstable driving flow rate generated by the low-cost mechanical syringe driver. We successfully achieved sorting of differently sized particles and high-efficiency separation of rare tumor cells from the blood using the fabricated prototype. Our hand-held inertial microfluidic cell sorter has many advantages, including low device cost, simple electricity-free operation, compactness, and portability; additionally, samples do not need to be pre-labelled. Therefore, it has potential for use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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35
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Mohd Asri MA, Nordin AN, Ramli N. Low-cost and cleanroom-free prototyping of microfluidic and electrochemical biosensors: Techniques in fabrication and bioconjugation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061502. [PMID: 34777677 PMCID: PMC8577868 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrated microfluidic biosensors enable powerful microscale analyses in biology, physics, and chemistry. However, conventional methods for fabrication of biosensors are dependent on cleanroom-based approaches requiring facilities that are expensive and are limited in access. This is especially prohibitive toward researchers in low- and middle-income countries. In this topical review, we introduce a selection of state-of-the-art, low-cost prototyping approaches of microfluidics devices and miniature sensor electronics for the fabrication of sensor devices, with focus on electrochemical biosensors. Approaches explored include xurography, cleanroom-free soft lithography, paper analytical devices, screen-printing, inkjet printing, and direct ink writing. Also reviewed are selected surface modification strategies for bio-conjugates, as well as examples of applications of low-cost microfabrication in biosensors. We also highlight several factors for consideration when selecting microfabrication methods appropriate for a project. Finally, we share our outlook on the impact of these low-cost prototyping strategies on research and development. Our goal for this review is to provide a starting point for researchers seeking to explore microfluidics and biosensors with lower entry barriers and smaller starting investment, especially ones from low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Nabilah Ramli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
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36
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Dignan LM, Turiello R, Layne TR, O'Connell KC, Hickey J, Chapman J, Poulter MD, Landers JP. An ultrafast SARS-CoV-2 virus enrichment and extraction method compatible with multiple modalities for RNA detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338846. [PMID: 34538333 PMCID: PMC8277111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic RNA virus characterized by high transmission rates and pathogenicity worldwide. Continued control of the COVID-19 pandemic requires the diversification of rapid, easy to use, sensitive, and portable methods for SARS-CoV-2 sample preparation and analysis. Here, we propose a method for SARS-CoV-2 viral enrichment and enzymatic extraction of RNA from clinically relevant matrices in under 10 min. This technique utilizes affinity-capture hydrogel particles to concentrate SARS-CoV-2 from solution, and leverages existing PDQeX technology for RNA isolation. Characterization of our method is accomplished with reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for relative, comparative RNA detection. In a double-blind study analyzing viral transport media (VTM) obtained from clinical nasopharyngeal swabs, our sample preparation method demonstrated both comparable results to a routinely used commercial extraction kit and 100% concordance with laboratory diagnoses. Compatibility of eluates with alternative forms of analysis was confirmed using microfluidic RT-PCR (μRT-PCR), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The alternative methods explored here conveyed successful amplification from all RNA eluates originating from positive clinical samples. Finally, this method demonstrated high performance within a saliva matrix across a broad range of viral titers and dilutions up to 90% saliva matrix, and sets the stage for miniaturization to the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Dignan
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Rachelle Turiello
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Tiffany R. Layne
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Killian C. O'Connell
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeff Hickey
- MicroGEM International PLC., Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeff Chapman
- MicroGEM International PLC., Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Melinda D. Poulter
- Departments of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - James P. Landers
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,MicroGEM International PLC., Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Departments of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Departments of Clinical Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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37
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Dignan LM, Woolf MS, Tomley CJ, Nauman AQ, Landers JP. Multiplexed Centrifugal Microfluidic System for Dynamic Solid-Phase Purification of Polynucleic Acids Direct from Buccal Swabs. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7300-7309. [PMID: 33955733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the development of a centrifugally controlled microfluidic dynamic solid-phase extraction (dSPE) platform to reliably obtain amplification-ready nucleic acids (NAs) directly from buccal swab cuttings. To our knowledge, this work represents the first centrifugal microdevice for comprehensive preparation of high-purity NAs from raw buccal swab samples. Direct-from-swab cellular lysis was integrated upstream of NA extraction, and automatable laser-controlled on-board microvalving strategies provided the strict spatiotemporal fluidic control required for practical point-of-need use. Solid-phase manipulation during extraction leveraged the application of a bidirectional rotating magnetic field to promote thorough interaction with the sample (e.g., NA capture). We illustrate the broad utility of this technology by establishing downstream compatibility of extracted nucleic acids with three noteworthy assays, namely, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The PCR-readiness of the extracted DNA was confirmed by generating short tandem repeat (STR) profiles following multiplexed amplification. With no changes to assay workflow, viral RNA was successfully extracted from contrived (spiked) SARS-CoV-2 swab samples, confirmed by RT-qPCR. Finally, we demonstrate the compatibility of the extracted DNA with LAMP-a technique well suited for point-of-need genetic analysis due to minimal hardware requirements and compatibility with colorimetric readout. We describe an automatable, portable microfluidic platform for the nucleic acid preparation device that could permit practical, in situ use by nontechnical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - M Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher J Tomley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Aeren Q Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.,TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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38
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Marshall JS, Sita ML, Landers JP. Microfluidic Device for the Identification of Biological Sex by Analysis of Latent Fingermark Deposits. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040442. [PMID: 33921163 PMCID: PMC8071498 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, most research regarding amino acid detection and quantification in fingermarks relies on spectrometric methods. Herein, the Sakaguchi colorimetric test was adapted to a rotationally-driven microfluidic platform and used to detect and quantify arginine in fingermarks deposited by male and female donors. A red color indicates the presence of arginine in a given sample following the reaction, and the intensity of this color is linearly proportional to the concentration. Objective detection and quantification of arginine were accomplished using image analysis software (freeware) based on this colorimetric result. The mean concentrations obtained in a blind study were 96.4 ± 5.1 µM for samples from female donors and 55.3 ± 5.3 µM for samples from males. These were not statistically different from the literature values of 94.8 µM ± 12.9 µM for females (p = 0.908) and 54.0 ± 12.6 µM for males (p = 0.914), respectively (± SEM in all cases). Conversely, the experimental means from males and female samples were statistically different from each other (p < 0.001). Objective differentiation between male and female fingermark deposits was achieved in a blind study with 93% accuracy. Additionally, the method was compatible both with samples lifted from common surfaces and with magnetically-powdered samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila S. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (J.S.M.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Madelyn L. Sita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (J.S.M.); (M.L.S.)
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (J.S.M.); (M.L.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Correspondence:
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39
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Inbody SC, Sinquefield BE, Lewis JP, Horton RE. Biomimetic microsystems for cardiovascular studies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C850-C872. [PMID: 33760660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tissue culture platforms have been around for several decades and have enabled key findings in the cardiovascular field. However, these platforms failed to recreate the mechanical and dynamic features found within the body. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are cellularized microfluidic-based devices that can mimic the basic structure, function, and responses of organs. These systems have been successfully utilized in disease, development, and drug studies. OOCs are designed to recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural features of the in vivo microenvironment. Here, we review cardiovascular-themed OOC studies, design considerations, and techniques used to generate these cellularized devices. Furthermore, we will highlight the advantages of OOC models over traditional cell culture vessels, discuss implementation challenges, and provide perspectives on the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Inbody
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bridgett E Sinquefield
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renita E Horton
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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40
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Ma HL, Urbaczek AC, Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza F, Augusto Gomes Garrido Carneiro Leão P, Rodrigues Perussi J, Carrilho E. Rapid Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices for Biological Mimicking: A Survey of Materials and Biocompatibility. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030346. [PMID: 33807118 PMCID: PMC8005101 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an essential technique used in the development of in vitro models for mimicking complex biological systems. The microchip with microfluidic flows offers the precise control of the microenvironment where the cells can grow and structure inside channels to resemble in vivo conditions allowing a proper cellular response investigation. Hence, this study aimed to develop low-cost, simple microchips to simulate the shear stress effect on the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Differentially from other biological microfluidic devices described in the literature, we used readily available tools like heat-lamination, toner printer, laser cutter and biocompatible double-sided adhesive tapes to bind different layers of materials together, forming a designed composite with a microchannel. In addition, we screened alternative substrates, including polyester-toner, polyester-vinyl, glass, Permanox® and polystyrene to compose the microchips for optimizing cell adhesion, then enabling these microdevices when coupled to a syringe pump, the cells can withstand the fluid shear stress range from 1 to 4 dyne cm2. The cell viability was monitored by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining to detect live and dead cells. As a result, our fabrication processes were cost-effective and straightforward. The materials investigated in the assembling of the microchips exhibited good cell viability and biocompatibility, providing a dynamic microenvironment for cell proliferation. Therefore, we suggest that these microchips could be available everywhere, allowing in vitro assays for daily laboratory experiments and further developing the organ-on-a-chip concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Ma
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (H.L.M.); (A.C.U.); (F.Z.R.d.S.); (P.A.G.G.C.L.); (J.R.P.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (H.L.M.); (A.C.U.); (F.Z.R.d.S.); (P.A.G.G.C.L.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Fayene Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (H.L.M.); (A.C.U.); (F.Z.R.d.S.); (P.A.G.G.C.L.); (J.R.P.)
| | | | - Janice Rodrigues Perussi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (H.L.M.); (A.C.U.); (F.Z.R.d.S.); (P.A.G.G.C.L.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (H.L.M.); (A.C.U.); (F.Z.R.d.S.); (P.A.G.G.C.L.); (J.R.P.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, INCTBio, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; +55-16-3373-944
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de Oliveira KG, Estrela PFN, Mendes GDM, Dos Santos CA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP, Duarte GRM. Rapid molecular diagnostics of COVID-19 by RT-LAMP in a centrifugal polystyrene-toner based microdevice with end-point visual detection. Analyst 2021; 146:1178-1187. [PMID: 33439160 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a serious worldwide public health problem, and one of the most important strategies for its control is mass testing. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as an important alternative to simplify the diagnostics of infectious diseases. In addition, an advantage of LAMP is that it allows for easy reading of the final result through visual detection. However, this step must be performed with caution to avoid contamination and false-positive results. LAMP performed on microfluidic platforms can minimize false-positive results, in addition to having potential for point-of-care applications. Here, we describe a polystyrene-toner (PS-T) centrifugal microfluidic device manually controlled by a fidget spinner for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-LAMP, with integrated and automated colorimetric detection. The amplification was carried out in a microchamber with 5 μL capacity, and the reaction was thermally controlled with a thermoblock at 72 °C for 10 min. At the end of the incubation time, the detection of amplified RT-LAMP fragments was performed directly on the chip by automated visual detection. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to detect COVID-19 in reactions initiated with approximately 10-3 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Clinical samples were tested using our RT-LAMP protocol as well as by conventional RT-qPCR, demonstrating comparable performance to the CDC SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR assay. The methodology described in this study represents a simple, rapid, and accurate method for rapid molecular diagnostics of COVID-19 in a disposable microdevice, ideal for point-of-care testing (POCT) systems.
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42
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Nouwairi RL, O'Connell KC, Gunnoe LM, Landers JP. Microchip Electrophoresis for Fluorescence-Based Measurement of Polynucleic Acids: Recent Developments. Anal Chem 2020; 93:367-387. [PMID: 33351599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renna L Nouwairi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Killian C O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Leah M Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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43
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Chen YW, Chen MC, Wu KW, Tu TY. A Facile Approach for Rapid Prototyping of Microneedle Molds, Microwells and Micro-Through-Holes in Various Substrate Materials Using CO 2 Laser Drilling. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100427. [PMID: 33081055 PMCID: PMC7603185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 laser manufacturing has served as an enabling and reliable tool for rapid and cost-effective microfabrication over the past few decades. While a wide range of industrial and biological applications have been studied, the choice of materials fabricated across various laser parameters and systems is often confounded by their complex combinations. We herein presented a unified procedure performed using percussion CO2 laser drilling with a range of laser parameters, substrate materials and various generated microstructures, enabling a variety of downstream tissue/cellular-based applications. Emphasis is placed on delineating the laser drilling effect on different biocompatible materials and proof-of-concept utilities. First, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedle (MN) array mold is fabricated to generate dissolvable polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol (PVP/PVA) MNs for transdermal drug delivery. Second, polystyrene (PS) microwells are optimized in a compact array for the formation of size-controlled multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). Third, coverglass is perforated to form a microaperture that can be used to trap/position cells/spheroids. Fourth, the creation of through-holes in PS is validated as an accessible method to create channels that facilitate medium exchange in hanging drop arrays and as a conducive tool for the growth and drug screenings of MCTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (K.-W.W.)
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Kuang-Wei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (K.-W.W.)
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (K.-W.W.)
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-966-570-573
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44
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Scott AT, Layne TR, O’Connell KC, Tanner NA, Landers JP. Comparative Evaluation and Quantitative Analysis of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Indicators. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13343-13353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anchi T. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Tiffany R. Layne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Killian C. O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan A. Tanner
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, Massachusetts 01938, United States
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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45
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Moreira NS, Chagas CL, Oliveira KA, Duarte-Junior GF, de Souza FR, Santhiago M, Garcia CD, Kubota LT, Coltro WK. Fabrication of microwell plates and microfluidic devices in polyester films using a cutting printer. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1119:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Clark CP, Woolf MS, Karstens SL, Lewis HM, Nauman AQ, Landers JP. Closable Valves and Channels for Polymeric Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E627. [PMID: 32605093 PMCID: PMC7407107 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study explores three unique approaches for closing valves and channels within microfluidic systems, specifically multilayer, centrifugally driven polymeric devices. Precise control over the cessation of liquid movement is achieved through either the introduction of expanding polyurethane foam, the application of direct contact heating, or the redeposition of xerographic toner via chloroform solvation and evaporation. Each of these techniques modifies the substrate of the microdevice in a different way. All three are effective at closing a previously open fluidic pathway after a desired unit operation has taken place, i.e., sample metering, chemical reaction, or analytical measurement. Closing previously open valves and channels imparts stringent fluidic control-preventing backflow, maintaining pressurized chambers within the microdevice, and facilitating sample fractionation without cross-contamination. As such, a variety of microfluidic bioanalytical systems would benefit from the integration of these valving approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
| | - M. Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
| | - Sarah L. Karstens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
| | - Hannah M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
| | - Aeren Q. Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (C.P.C.); (M.S.W.); (S.L.K.); (H.M.L.); (A.Q.N.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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47
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Griffith CM, Huang SA, Cho C, Khare TM, Rich M, Lee GH, Ligler FS, Diekman BO, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidics for the study of mechanotransduction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2020; 53:224004. [PMID: 33840837 PMCID: PMC8034607 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab78d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate a diverse set of biological processes at cellular, tissue, and organismal length scales. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the conversion of mechanical forces to biological responses is challenged by limitations of traditional animal models and in vitro cell culture, including poor control over applied force and highly artificial cell culture environments. Recent advances in fabrication methods and material processing have enabled the development of microfluidic platforms that provide precise control over the mechanical microenvironment of cultured cells. These devices and systems have proven to be powerful for uncovering and defining mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we first give an overview of the main mechanotransduction pathways that function at sites of cell adhesion, many of which have been investigated with microfluidics. We then discuss how distinct microfluidic fabrication methods can be harnessed to gain biological insight, with description of both monolithic and replica molding approaches. Finally, we present examples of how microfluidics can be used to apply both solid forces (substrate mechanics, strain, and compression) and fluid forces (luminal, interstitial) to cells. Throughout the review, we emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of different fabrication methods and applications of force in order to provide perspective to investigators looking to apply forces to cells in their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Griffith
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Crescentia Cho
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tanmay M Khare
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matthew Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gi-Hun Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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48
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Woolf MS, Dignan LM, Lewis HM, Tomley CJ, Nauman AQ, Landers JP. Optically-controlled closable microvalves for polymeric centrifugal microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1426-1440. [PMID: 32201873 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microvalving is a pivotal component in many microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms and micro-total analysis systems (μTAS). Effective valving is essential for the integration of multiple unit operations, such as, liquid transport, mixing, aliquoting, metering, washing, and fractionation. The ideal microfluidic system integrates numerous, sequential unit operations, provides precise spaciotemporal reagent release and flow control, and is amenable to rapid, low-cost fabrication and prototyping. Centrifugal microfluidics is an attractive approach that minimizes the need for supporting peripheral hardware. However, many of the microfluidic valving methods described in the literature suffer from operational limitations and fail when high rotational frequencies or pressure heads are required early in the analytical process. Current approaches to valve closure add unnecessary complexity to the microfluidic architecture, require the incorporation of additional materials such as wax, and entail extra fabrication steps or processes. Herein we report the characterization and optimization of a laser-actuated, closable valve method for polymeric microfluidic devices that ameliorates these shortcomings. Under typical operational conditions (rcf ≤605 ×g) a success rate >99% was observed, i.e. successful valve closures remained leak free through 605 ×g. Implementation of the laser-actuated closable valving system is demonstrated on an automated, centrifugally driven dynamic solid phase extraction (dSPE) device. Compatibility of this laser-actuated valve closure approach with commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays is established by the generation of full 18-plex STR profiles from DNA purified via on-disc dSPE. This novel approach promises to simplify microscale valving, improve functionality by increasing the number of integrated unit operations, and allow for the automation of progressively complex biochemical assays.
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49
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Maejima K, Hiruta Y, Citterio D. Centrifugal Paperfluidic Platform for Accelerated Distance-Based Colorimetric Signal Readout. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4749-4754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Maejima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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50
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Li S, Ma Z, Cao Z, Pan L, Shi Y. Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903822. [PMID: 31617311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable flexible sensors based on integrated microfluidic networks with multiplex analysis capability are emerging as a new paradigm to assess human health status and show great potential in application fields such as clinical medicine and athletic monitoring. Well-designed microfluidic sensors can be attached to the skin surface to acquire various pieces of physiological information with high precision, such as sweat loss, information regarding metabolites, and electrolyte balance. Herein, the recent progress of wearable microfluidic sensors for applications in healthcare monitoring is summarized, including analysis principles and microfabrication methods. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for wearable microfluidic sensors in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglin Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
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