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Tzeng HE, Lee YW, Lin CT, Chuang SS, Li CC, Chuang WH, Hsu CA, Wang YH, Tien HF, Wu SJ. Multicolour and lineage-specific interphase chromosome Flow-FISH: method development and clinical validation. Pathology 2024; 56:671-680. [PMID: 38852040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Flow cytometry can be applied in the detection of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) signals to efficiently analyse chromosomal aberrations. However, such interphase chromosome (IC) Flow-FISH protocols are currently limited to detecting a single colour. Furthermore, combining IC Flow-FISH with conventional multicolour flow cytometry is difficult because the DNA-denaturation step in FISH assay also disrupts cellular integrity and protein structures, precluding subsequent antigen-antibody binding and hindering concurrent labeling of surface antigens and FISH signals. We developed a working protocol for concurrent multicolour flow cytometry detection of nuclear IC FISH signals and cell surface markers. The protocol was validated by assaying sex chromosome content of blood cells, which was indicative of chimerism status in patients who had received sex-mismatched allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT). The method was also adapted to detect trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) subjects. We first demonstrated the feasibility of this protocol in detecting multiple colours and concurrent nuclear and surface signals with high agreement. In clinical validation experiments, chimerism status was identified in clinical samples (n=56) using the optimised IC Flow-FISH method; the results tightly corresponded to those of conventional slide-based FISH (R2=0.9649 for XX cells and 0.9786 for XY cells). In samples from patients who received sex-mismatched allo-HSCT, individual chimeric statuses in different lineages could be clearly distinguished with high flexibility in gating strategies. Furthermore, in CLL samples with trisomy 12, this method could demonstrate that enriched trisomy 12 FISH signal was present in B cells rather than in T cells. Finally, by performing combined labelling of chromosome 12, X chromosome, and surface markers, we could detect rare residual recipient CLL cells with trisomy 12 after allo-HSCT. This adaptable protocol for multicolour and lineage-specific IC Flow-FISH advances the technique to allow for its potential application in various clinical contexts where conventional FISH assays are currently being utilised.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Interphase
- Female
- Male
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Trisomy/diagnosis
- Trisomy/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Far-East Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Manohar SM. Shedding Light on Intracellular Proteins using Flow Cytometry. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01338-1. [PMID: 38831173 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular protein abundance is routinely measured in mammalian cells using population-based techniques such as western blotting which fail to capture single cell protein levels or using fluorescence microscopy which is although suitable for single cell protein detection but not for rapid analysis of large no. of cells. Flow cytometry offers rapid, high-throughput, multiparameter-based analysis of intracellular protein expression in statistically significant no. of cells at single cell resolution. In past few decades, customized assays have been developed for flow cytometric detection of specific intracellular proteins. This review discusses the scope of flow cytometry for intracellular protein detection in mammalian cells along with specific applications. Technological advancements to overcome the limitations of traditional flow cytometry for the same are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Yan X, Kuster D, Mohanty P, Nijssen J, Pombo-García K, Rizuan A, Franzmann TM, Sergeeva A, Passos PM, George L, Wang SH, Shenoy J, Danielson HL, Honigmann A, Ayala YM, Fawzi NL, Mittal J, Alberti S, Hyman AA. Intra-condensate demixing of TDP-43 inside stress granules generates pathological aggregates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576837. [PMID: 38328053 PMCID: PMC10849624 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic aggregation of the nuclear protein TDP-43 is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, but the triggers for TDP-43 aggregation are still debated. Here, we demonstrate that TDP-43 aggregation requires a double event. One is up-concentration in stress granules beyond a threshold, and the other is oxidative stress. These two events collectively induce intra-condensate demixing, giving rise to a dynamic TDP-43 enriched phase within stress granules, which subsequently transitions into pathological aggregates. Mechanistically, intra-condensate demixing is triggered by local unfolding of the RRM1 domain for intermolecular disulfide bond formation and by increased hydrophobic patch interactions in the C-terminal domain. By engineering TDP-43 variants resistant to intra-condensate demixing, we successfully eliminate pathological TDP-43 aggregates in cells. We conclude that up-concentration inside condensates and simultaneous exposure to environmental stress could be a general pathway for protein aggregation, with intra-condensate demixing constituting a key intermediate step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
| | - David Kuster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Priyesh Mohanty
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843; USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jik Nijssen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Karina Pombo-García
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Azamat Rizuan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843; USA
| | - Titus M. Franzmann
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
| | - Aleksandra Sergeeva
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
| | - Patricia M. Passos
- Edward Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University; St. Louis, MO 63104; USA
| | - Leah George
- Edward Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University; St. Louis, MO 63104; USA
| | - Szu-Huan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University; Providence, RI 02912; USA
| | - Jayakrishna Shenoy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University; Providence, RI 02912; USA
| | - Helen L. Danielson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University; Providence, RI 02912; USA
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
| | - Yuna M. Ayala
- Edward Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University; St. Louis, MO 63104; USA
| | - Nicolas L. Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University; Providence, RI 02912; USA
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843; USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843; USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843; USA
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
| | - Anthony A. Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG); Dresden, Saxony, 01307; Germany
- Lead contact
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4
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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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5
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Abdalla AL, Guajardo-Contreras G, Mouland AJ. A Canadian Survey of Research on HIV-1 Latency-Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading? Viruses 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 38400005 PMCID: PMC10891605 DOI: 10.3390/v16020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, almost 40 million people are currently living with HIV-1. The implementation of cART inhibits HIV-1 replication and reduces viremia but fails to eliminate HIV-1 from latently infected cells. These cells are considered viral reservoirs from which HIV-1 rebounds if cART is interrupted. Several efforts have been made to identify these cells and their niches. There has been little success in diminishing the pool of latently infected cells, underscoring the urgency to continue efforts to fully understand how HIV-1 establishes and maintains a latent state. Reactivating HIV-1 expression in these cells using latency-reversing agents (LRAs) has been successful, but only in vitro. This review aims to provide a broad view of HIV-1 latency, highlighting Canadian contributions toward these aims. We will summarize the research efforts conducted in Canadian labs to understand the establishment of latently infected cells and how this informs curative strategies, by reviewing how HIV latency is established, which cells are latently infected, what methodologies have been developed to characterize them, how new compounds are discovered and evaluated as potential LRAs, and what clinical trials aim to reverse latency in people living with HIV (PLWH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Abdalla
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Guajardo-Contreras
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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6
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Ciolli Mattioli C, Eisner K, Rosenbaum A, Wang M, Rivalta A, Amir A, Golding I, Avraham R. Physiological stress drives the emergence of a Salmonella subpopulation through ribosomal RNA regulation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4880-4892.e14. [PMID: 37879333 PMCID: PMC10843543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria undergo cycles of growth and starvation to which they must adapt swiftly. One important strategy for adjusting growth rates relies on ribosomal levels. Although high ribosomal levels are required for fast growth, their dynamics during starvation remain unclear. Here, we analyzed ribosomal RNA (rRNA) content of individual Salmonella cells by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (rRNA-FISH) and measured a dramatic decrease in rRNA numbers only in a subpopulation during nutrient limitation, resulting in a bimodal distribution of cells with high and low rRNA content. During nutritional upshifts, the two subpopulations were associated with distinct phenotypes. Using a transposon screen coupled with rRNA-FISH, we identified two mutants, DksA and RNase I, acting on rRNA transcription shutdown and degradation, which abolished the formation of the subpopulation with low rRNA content. Our work identifies a bacterial mechanism for regulation of ribosomal bimodality that may be beneficial for population survival during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ciolli Mattioli
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Kfir Eisner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Aviel Rosenbaum
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andre' Rivalta
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ariel Amir
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Golding
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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7
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He Y, Xing Y, Jiang T, Wang J, Sang S, Rong H, Yu F. Fluorescence labeling of extracellular vesicles for diverse bio-applications in vitro and in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6609-6626. [PMID: 37161668 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles enclosed in a lipid membrane that are sustainably released by nearly all cell types. EVs have been deemed as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and effective drug carriers, owing to the physiological function of transporting biomolecules for intercellular communication. To investigate their biological properties, efficient labeling strategies have been constructed for EV research, among which fluorescence labeling exerts a powerful function due to the capability of visualizing the nanovesicles with high sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. In one aspect, with the help of functional fluorescence tags, EVs could be differentiated and categorized in vitro by various analytical techniques, which exert vital roles in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Additionally, innovative EV reporters have been utilized for visualizing EVs, in combination with powerful microscopy techniques, which provide potential tools for investigating the dynamic events of EV release and intercellular communication in suitable animal models. In this feature article, we survey the latest advances regarding EV fluorescence labeling strategies and their application in biomedical application and in vivo biology investigation, highlighting the progresses in individual EV imaging. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in unravelling EV physiological properties and further biomedical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shenggang Sang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Hong Rong
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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8
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Challenging Cellular Homeostasis: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416152. [PMID: 36555797 PMCID: PMC9787707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that act in post-transcriptional regulation in animals and plants. A mature miRNA is the end product of consecutive, highly regulated processing steps of the primary miRNA transcript. Following base-paring of the mature miRNA with its mRNA target, translation is inhibited, and the targeted mRNA is degraded. There are hundreds of miRNAs in each cell that work together to regulate cellular key processes, including development, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, viral infection, and more. In this review, we present an overlooked layer of cellular regulation that addresses cell dynamics affecting miRNA accessibility. We discuss the regulation of miRNA local storage and translocation among cell compartments. The local amounts of the miRNAs and their targets dictate their actual availability, which determines the ability to fine-tune cell responses to abrupt or chronic changes. We emphasize that changes in miRNA storage and compactization occur under induced stress and changing conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate shared principles on cell physiology, governed by miRNA under oxidative stress, tumorigenesis, viral infection, or synaptic plasticity. The evidence presented in this review article highlights the importance of spatial and temporal miRNA regulation for cell physiology. We argue that limiting the research to mature miRNAs within the cytosol undermines our understanding of the efficacy of miRNAs to regulate cell fate under stress conditions.
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Bongolo CC, Thokerunga E, Yan Q, Yacouba MBM, Wang C. Exosomes Derived from microRNA-27a-3p Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Progression of Liver Cancer through Suppression of Golgi Membrane Protein 1. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9748714. [PMID: 36530488 PMCID: PMC9750777 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9748714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant health burden to date. Its early diagnosis and treatment are complicated by the lack of early diagnosis markers and multidrug resistance. microRNA regulation of HCC oncogenes are among the new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies being explored, although the mode of delivery of a therapeutic dose of the miRNA remains a challenge. In this study, we explored the use of exosomes from umbilical mesenchymal stem cells transfected with miR-27a-3p to interact with the oncogene GOLM1 in HCC and inhibit HCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. We first determined and compared the expression levels of miR-27a-3p in blood, various cell lines and tissues of HCC and their corresponding normal controls. We then employed bioinformatics analysis to determine the gene target for miR-27a-3p in HCC and later transfected upregulated miR-27a-3p in mesenchymal stem cells, and treated HCC cells with exosomes extracted from the transfected stem cells. We then created mouse models of HCC using balbc/nude mice and equally treated them with exosomes from miR-27a-3p transfected stem cells. The results showed that miR-27a-3p is downregulated in blood, cell lines, and tissues of HCC patients compared to normal controls. Exosomes from the miR-27a-3p transfected mesenchymal stem cells prevented HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of miR-27a-3p prevented HCC through interacting with and downregulating GOLM1 as its target oncogene. In conclusion, miR-27a-3p is a potential therapeutic target for HCC acting through GOLM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cedric Bongolo
- Wuhan Sheba Precision Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 43007, China
| | - Erick Thokerunga
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 43007, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1410 Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Qian Yan
- Wuhan Sheba Precision Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases in Hubei Province, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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10
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Utility of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Clinical and Research Applications. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:573-586. [PMID: 36368783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Leonaviciene G, Mazutis L. RNA cytometry of single-cells using semi-permeable microcapsules. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:e2. [PMID: 36268865 PMCID: PMC9841424 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Analytical tools for gene expression profiling of individual cells are critical for studying complex biological systems. However, the techniques enabling rapid measurements of gene expression on thousands of single-cells are lacking. Here, we report a high-throughput RNA cytometry for digital profiling of single-cells isolated in liquid droplets enveloped by a thin semi-permeable membrane (microcapsules). Due to the selective permeability of the membrane, the desirable enzymes and reagents can be loaded, or replaced, in the microcapsule at any given step by simply changing the reaction buffer in which the microcapsules are dispersed. Therefore, complex molecular biology workflows can be readily adapted to conduct nucleic acid analysis on encapsulated mammalian cells, or other biological species. The microcapsules support sequential multi-step enzymatic reactions and remain intact under different biochemical conditions, freezing, thawing, and thermocycling. Combining microcapsules with conventional FACS provides a high-throughput approach for conducting RNA cytometry of individual cells based on their digital gene expression signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Leonaviciene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio av., Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Linas Mazutis
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +370 5 2234356;
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12
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Real F, Zhu A, Huang B, Belmellat A, Sennepin A, Vogl T, Ransy C, Revol M, Arrigucci R, Lombès A, Roth J, Gennaro ML, Bouillaud F, Cristofari S, Bomsel M. S100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5956. [PMID: 36220814 PMCID: PMC9553955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in cell reservoirs, established not only in circulatory CD4+T-cells but also in tissue-resident macrophages. The nature of macrophage reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence despite combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) remain unclear. Using genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals, we evaluated the implication of macrophage immunometabolic pathways in HIV-1 persistence. We demonstrate that ex vivo, macrophage tissue reservoirs contain transcriptionally active HIV-1 and viral particles accumulated in virus-containing compartments, and harbor an inflammatory IL-1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype prone to glycolysis. Reactivation of infectious virus production and release from these reservoirs in vitro are induced by the alarmin S100A8, an endogenous factor produced by M4-macrophages and implicated in “sterile” inflammation. This process metabolically depends on glycolysis. Altogether, inflammatory M4-macrophages form a major tissue reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1, which reactivate viral production upon autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolytic stimulation. This HIV-1 persistence pathway needs to be targeted in future HIV eradication strategies. HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in different cell reservoirs, including circulatory CD4+ T-cells and tissue-resident macrophages. Here, by analyzing male genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV1-infected individuals, Real et al. show that M4 macrophages represent the major macrophage HIV-1 reservoir in this tissue. These macrophages have an inflammatory IL1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype, and contain transcriptionally active HIV-1, which reactivate infectious virus production from viral latency in response to autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Real
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Boxin Huang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ania Belmellat
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Sennepin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline Ransy
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Revol
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Anne Lombès
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sarra Cristofari
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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13
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Hazra R, Spector DL. Simultaneous visualization of RNA transcripts and proteins in whole-mount mouse preimplantation embryos using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:986261. [PMID: 36268512 PMCID: PMC9577017 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.986261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-mount single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA FISH) in combination with immunofluorescence (IF) offers great potential to study long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs): their subcellular localization, their interactions with proteins, and their function. Here, we describe a step-by-step, optimized, and robust protocol that allows detection of multiple RNA transcripts and protein molecules in whole-mount preimplantation mouse embryos. Moreover, to simultaneously detect protein and enable RNA probe penetration for the combined IF/smRNA FISH technique, we performed IF before smRNA FISH. We removed the zona pellucida, used Triton X-100 to permeabilize the embryos, and did not use a proteinase digestion step so as to preserve the antigens. In addition, we modified the IF technique by using RNase-free reagents to prevent RNA degradation during the IF procedure. Using this modified sequential IF/smRNA FISH technique, we have simultaneously detected protein, lncRNA, and mRNA in whole-mount preimplantation embryos. This reliable and robust protocol will contribute to the developmental biology and RNA biology fields by providing information regarding 3D expression patterns of RNA transcripts and proteins, shedding light on their biological function.
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14
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Development of an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) to Aid Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0112822. [PMID: 36190260 PMCID: PMC9580355 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01128-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing diagnosis of latent and active histoplasmosis is challenging. Interferon gamma-release assays (IGRAs) may provide evidence of latent and active infection. An enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay was developed using yeast cell lysate (YCL) antigen prepared from a representative North American Histoplasma capsulatum strain. Assay parameters were optimized by measuring responses in healthy volunteers with and without Histoplasma infection. Assay performance as an aid for diagnosing histoplasmosis was assessed in a prospective cohort of 88 people with suspected or confirmed infection, and 44 healthy controls enrolled in two centers in North America (2013 to 2018). Antigen specificity of IFN-γ release was demonstrated using ELISpot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigen-evoked, single-cell mRNA expression by memory T cells was shown using flow cytometry. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated at 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5% to 99.9%). At optimal cutoff, sensitivity was 77.2% (95% CI: 54.6% to 92.2%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 89.7% to 100%). Sixteen of 44 healthy volunteers (36.4%) from a region of hyperendemicity had positive responses, suggesting detection of previously unrecognized (latent) infection. The ELISpot assay is sensitive and specific as an aid to diagnose H. capsulatum infection and disease, supporting proof of concept and further development.
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15
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An outlook on fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled to flow cytometry as a versatile technique to evaluate the effects of foods and dietary interventions on gut microbiota. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:469. [PMID: 35821535 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in the effects of the gut microbiota on host health has stimulated the investigation of the composition of this microbial community and the factors affecting these microorganisms. This review discusses the recent advances and progress applications in the use of the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled to flow cytometry (FC) technique (FISH-FC) in studies evaluating the gut microbiota published in the last 10 years, with particular emphasis on the effects of foods and dietary interventions. These studies have shown that FISH-FC technique is capable of detecting and quantifying several groups of bacteria found as part of the gut microbiota. FISH-FC can be considered an effective, versatile, and rapid technique to evaluate alterations in gut microbiota composition caused by different foods as assessed in studies in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Some specific probes have been most used to represent the general gut microbiota, such as those specific to Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp., Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, Clostridium histolyticum, and Bifidobacterium spp. FISH-FC technique could have an important opportunity for application in studies with next-generation probiotics belonging to the gut microbiota. Optimizations of FISH-FC protocols could allow more discoveries about the gut microbiota, including the development of new probes targeting microorganisms still not explored, the analysis of individual portions of the intestine, and the proposition of novel quantitative approaches.
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16
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Quantifying biochemical reaction rates from static population variability within incompletely observed complex networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010183. [PMID: 35731728 PMCID: PMC9216546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying biochemical reaction rates within complex cellular processes remains a key challenge of systems biology even as high-throughput single-cell data have become available to characterize snapshots of population variability. That is because complex systems with stochastic and non-linear interactions are difficult to analyze when not all components can be observed simultaneously and systems cannot be followed over time. Instead of using descriptive statistical models, we show that incompletely specified mechanistic models can be used to translate qualitative knowledge of interactions into reaction rate functions from covariability data between pairs of components. This promises to turn a globally intractable problem into a sequence of solvable inference problems to quantify complex interaction networks from incomplete snapshots of their stochastic fluctuations.
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17
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Vervaeke P, Borgos SE, Sanders NN, Combes F. Regulatory guidelines and preclinical tools to study the biodistribution of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114236. [PMID: 35351470 PMCID: PMC8957368 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The success of the messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech marks the beginning of a new chapter in modern medicine. However, the rapid rise of mRNA therapeutics has resulted in a regulatory framework that is somewhat lagging. The current guidelines either do not apply, do not mention RNA therapeutics, or do not have widely accepted definitions. This review describes the guidelines for preclinical biodistribution studies of mRNA/siRNA therapeutics and highlights the relevant differences for mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the role of in vivo RNA imaging techniques and other assays to fulfill and/or complement the regulatory requirements. Specifically, quantitative whole-body autoradiography, microautoradiography, mass spectrometry-based assays, hybridization techniques (FISH, bDNA), PCR-based methods, in vivo fluorescence imaging, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging, are discussed. We conclude that this new and rapidly evolving class of medicines demands a multi-layered approach to fully understand its biodistribution and in vivo characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vervaeke
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S E Borgos
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - N N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - F Combes
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
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18
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Rensen E, Pietropaoli S, Mueller F, Weber C, Souquere S, Sommer S, Isnard P, Rabant M, Gibier JB, Terzi F, Simon-Loriere E, Rameix-Welti MA, Pierron G, Barba-Spaeth G, Zimmer C. Sensitive visualization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA with CoronaFISH. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101124. [PMID: 34996842 PMCID: PMC8742873 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus contains a single linear RNA segment that serves as a template for transcription and replication, leading to the synthesis of positive and negative-stranded viral RNA (vRNA) in infected cells. Tools to visualize vRNA directly in infected cells are critical to analyze the viral replication cycle, screen for therapeutic molecules, or study infections in human tissue. Here, we report the design, validation, and initial application of FISH probes to visualize positive or negative RNA of SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaFISH). We demonstrate sensitive visualization of vRNA in African green monkey and several human cell lines, in patient samples and human tissue. We further demonstrate the adaptation of CoronaFISH probes to electron microscopy. We provide all required oligonucleotide sequences, source code to design the probes, and a detailed protocol. We hope that CoronaFISH will complement existing techniques for research on SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 pathophysiology, drug screening, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rensen
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, Imaging and Modeling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Florian Mueller
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, Imaging and Modeling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christian Weber
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, Imaging and Modeling Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Sina Sommer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Isnard
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département "Croissance et Signalisation," Paris, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département "Croissance et Signalisation," Paris, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gibier
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département "Croissance et Signalisation," Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, UMR 1173 (2I), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, Imaging and Modeling Unit, Paris, France
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19
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Rafat A, Dizaji Asl K, Mazloumi Z, Movassaghpour AA, Farahzadi R, Nejati B, Nozad Charoudeh H. Telomerase-based therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:199-212. [PMID: 35103334 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized genetic structures present at the end of all eukaryotic linear chromosomes. They progressively get shortened after each cell division due to end replication problems. Telomere shortening (TS) and chromosomal instability cause apoptosis and massive cell death. Following oncogene activation and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, cells acquire mechanisms such as telomerase expression and alternative lengthening of telomeres to maintain telomere length (TL) and prevent initiation of cellular senescence or apoptosis. Significant TS, telomerase activation and alteration in expression of telomere-associated proteins are frequent features of different haematological malignancies that reflect on the progression, response to therapy and recurrence of these diseases. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that has a pivotal role in maintaining the TL. However, telomerase activity in most somatic cells is insufficient to prevent TS. In 85-90% of tumour cells, the critically short telomeric length is maintained by telomerase activation. Thus, overexpression of telomerase in most tumour cells is a potential target for cancer therapy. In this review, alteration of telomeres, telomerase and telomere-associated proteins in different haematological malignancies and related telomerase-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Nejati
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Ukey R, Bruiners N, Mishra H, Mishra PK, McCloskey D, Onyuka A, Chen F, Pinter A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Roy J, Gaur S, Gennaro ML. Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. BMC Med 2022; 20:32. [PMID: 35073931 PMCID: PMC8786593 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines. MAIN BODY We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class 5 months earlier on average. After controlling for the time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A dichotomy exists between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Testing only for humoral responses to compare the durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced responses, as typically performed for public health and research purposes, is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hridesh Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Deborah McCloskey
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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21
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Leung HY, Yeung MHY, Leung WT, Wong KH, Tang WY, Cho WCS, Wong HT, Tsang HF, Wong YKE, Pei XM, Cheng HYL, Chan AKC, Wong SCC. The current and future applications of in situ hybridization technologies in anatomical pathology. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:5-18. [PMID: 34779317 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2007076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In situ hybridization (ISH) plays an important role in the field of molecular diagnostics, especially in an anatomical pathology laboratory. ISH is a technique that can detect the targeted DNA or RNA sequences in tissue sections from frozen or fixed materials with labeled DNA or RNA probes. Radioactive and non-radioactive probes are the two major probes that can be used to label the targeted nucleic acids. AREAS COVERED Two decades after the Human Genome Project, ISH has not only simply been applied to identify the chromosomal location of a human gene but has also been extensively applied to gene expressions studies and utilized for clinical diagnosis, especially for the determination of biomarkers for breast and ovarian cancers - human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Cri-du-chat syndrome, Angelman syndrome, PraderWilli syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and trisomy are diseases that can also be detected by ISH. In this review, the basic principles, historical development, advantages and disadvantages, enhancement in reporting molecules and probes, advancement in detection methods, in situ PCR, clinical applications and novel applications of ISH will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION With the advancement in ISH technologies and appropriate training, diagnosis can be improved in Anatomical Pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yi Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Tung Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - King Hin Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Yan Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Heong Ting Wong
- Department of Pathology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Santo António, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hennie Yuk Lin Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amanda Kit Ching Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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22
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Huo L, Jiao Li J, Chen L, Yu Z, Hutvagner G, Li J. Single-cell multi-omics sequencing: application trends, COVID-19, data analysis issues and prospects. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab229. [PMID: 34111889 PMCID: PMC8344433 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing is a biotechnology to sequence one layer of genomic information for individual cells in a tissue sample. For example, single-cell DNA sequencing is to sequence the DNA from every single cell. Increasing in complexity, single-cell multi-omics sequencing, or single-cell multimodal omics sequencing, is to profile in parallel multiple layers of omics information from a single cell. In practice, single-cell multi-omics sequencing actually detects multiple traits such as DNA, RNA, methylation information and/or protein profiles from the same cell for many individuals in a tissue sample. Multi-omics sequencing has been widely applied to systematically unravel interplay mechanisms of key components and pathways in cell. This survey overviews recent developments in single-cell multi-omics sequencing, and their applications to understand complex diseases in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. We also summarize machine learning and bioinformatics techniques used in the analysis of the intercorrelated multilayer heterogeneous data. We observed that variational inference and graph-based learning are popular approaches, and Seurat V3 is a commonly used tool to transfer the missing variables and labels. We also discussed two intensively studied issues relating to data consistency and diversity and commented on currently cared issues surrounding the error correction of data pairs and data imputation methods. The survey is concluded with some open questions and opportunities for this extraordinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huo
- Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Computer Science, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Computer Science, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zuguo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, P.R. China
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jinyan Li
- Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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23
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Freen-van Heeren JJ. Flow-FISH as a Tool for Studying Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses. BIOTECH 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 35822795 PMCID: PMC9245478 DOI: 10.3390/biotech10040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many techniques are currently in use to study microbes. These can be aimed at detecting, identifying, and characterizing bacterial, fungal, and viral species. One technique that is suitable for high-throughput analysis is flow cytometry-based fluorescence in situ hybridization, or Flow-FISH. This technique employs (fluorescently labeled) probes directed against DNA or (m)RNA, for instance targeting a gene or microorganism of interest and provides information on a single-cell level. Furthermore, by combining Flow-FISH with antibody-based protein detection, proteins of interest can be measured simultaneously with genetic material. Additionally, depending on the type of Flow-FISH assay, Flow-FISH can also be multiplexed, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of multiple gene targets and/or microorganisms. Together, this allows for, e.g., single-cell gene expression analysis or identification of (sub)strains in mixed cultures. Flow-FISH has been used in mammalian cells but has also been extensively employed to study diverse microbial species. Here, the use of Flow-FISH for studying microorganisms is reviewed. Specifically, the detection of (intracellular) pathogens, studying microorganism biology and disease pathogenesis, and identification of bacterial, fungal, and viral strains in mixed cultures is discussed, with a particular focus on the viruses EBV, HIV-1, and SARS-CoV-2.
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24
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Ukey R, Bruiners N, Mishra H, Mishra PK, McCloskey D, Onyuka A, Chen F, Pinter A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Roy J, Gaur S, Gennaro ML. Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.09.17.21263528. [PMID: 34580675 PMCID: PMC8475964 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.17.21263528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines. We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class five months earlier on average. After controlling for time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups. Thus, a dichotomy exists between humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Our results have implications for the need of booster doses in vaccinated subjects and might explain the dichotomy reported between the waning protection from symptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its persisting efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Hridesh Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Pankaj K. Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Deborah McCloskey
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Fei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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25
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Rammohan J, Lund SP, Alperovich N, Paralanov V, Strychalski EA, Ross D. Comparison of bias and resolvability in single-cell and single-transcript methods. Commun Biol 2021; 4:659. [PMID: 34079048 PMCID: PMC8172639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell and single-transcript measurement methods have elevated our ability to understand and engineer biological systems. However, defining and comparing performance between methods remains a challenge, in part due to the confounding effects of experimental variability. Here, we propose a generalizable framework for performing multiple methods in parallel using split samples, so that experimental variability is shared between methods. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by performing 12 different methods in parallel to measure the same underlying reference system for cellular response. We compare method performance using quantitative evaluations of bias and resolvability. We attribute differences in method performance to steps along the measurement process such as sample preparation, signal detection, and choice of measurand. Finally, we demonstrate how this framework can be used to benchmark different methods for single-transcript detection. The framework we present here provides a practical way to compare performance of any methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayan Rammohan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Steven P Lund
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nina Alperovich
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vanya Paralanov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - David Ross
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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26
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Mishra PK, Bruiners N, Ukey R, Datta P, Onyuka A, Handler D, Hussain S, Honnen W, Singh S, Guerrini V, Yin Y, Dewald H, Choudhary A, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Roy J, Weiss SH, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Blaser MJ, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Lardizabal A, Chang TLY, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Vaccination boosts protective responses and counters SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic memory B cells. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33880486 PMCID: PMC8057254 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.11.21255153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Much is to be learned about the interface between immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We monitored immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) in convalescent individuals for eight months after infection diagnosis and following vaccination. Over time, neutralizing antibody responses, which are predominantly RBD specific, generally decreased, while RBD-specific memory B cells persisted. RBD-specific antibody and B cell responses to vaccination were more vigorous than those elicited by infection in the same subjects or by vaccination in infection-naïve comparators. Notably, the frequencies of double negative B memory cells, which are dysfunctional and potentially pathogenic, increased in the convalescent subjects over time. Unexpectedly, this effect was reversed by vaccination. Our work identifies a novel aspect of immune dysfunction in mild/moderate COVID-19, supports the practice of offering SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regardless of infection history, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the vaccination-induced reduction of “Long-COVID” symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- NJMS Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yue Yin
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Hannah Dewald
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Stanley H Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | | | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | | | - Alfred Lardizabal
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Theresa Li-Yun Chang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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27
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Míguez B, Gullón P, Cotos-Yáñez T, Massot-Cladera M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Vila C, Alonso JL. Manufacture and Prebiotic Potential of Xylooligosaccharides Derived From Eucalyptus nitens Wood. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.670440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were manufactured from Eucalyptus nitens samples by hydrothermal processing. In order to obtain a product suitable to be used as a prebiotic, the liquors obtained were subjected to a refining sequence consisting of a two-step membrane filtration followed by anion exchange and freeze-drying. The process proposed allowed to obtain a highly refined product mainly made up of a mixture of substituted XOS with a degree of polymerization, DP3–10, which was evaluated for its prebiotic potential by in vitro fermentation assays. Their effects on the microbiota composition and the metabolic activity were assessed along the fermentation time and compared to fructooligosaccharides (FOS, a gold standard prebiotic), using fecal inocula from donors belonging to two age-groups (young and elderly). Significant and similar increases were observed in most of the bacterial groups considered (including Bifidobacterium spp. or several butyrate-producers) in both XOS and FOS in vitro interventions, although XOS resulted in significantly higher increases in total bacteria and lower rises in Clostridium clusters I and II than FOS. Regarding the metabolic activity, higher amounts of total organic acid (TOA; 150 vs. 110 mM) and higher total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)/TOA ratio (0.88 vs. 0.70 mol/mol) were achieved at 28 h using XOS as a carbon source in comparison with FOS. Moreover, both substrates resulted in different metabolite profiles. Higher percentages of acetate and propionate were achieved when XOS were used as substrates, whereas FOS resulted in slightly higher concentrations of butyrate. No differences were found between both age-groups. Taking together these results, it can be concluded that XOS produced from E. nitens by a biorefinery-based approach led to, at least, similar prebiotic activity as that observed with FOS.
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28
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Rossi A, Pacella I, Piconese S. RNA Flow Cytometry for the Study of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083906. [PMID: 33918901 PMCID: PMC8069477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo activation and differentiation programs along a continuum of states that can be tracked through flow cytometry using a combination of surface and intracellular markers. Such dynamic behavior is the result of transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, initiated and sustained by the activation of specific transcription factors and by epigenetic remodeling. These signaling pathways are tightly integrated with metabolic routes in a bidirectional manner: on the one hand, T cell receptors and costimulatory molecules activate metabolic reprogramming; on the other hand, metabolites modify T cell transcriptional programs and functions. Flow cytometry represents an invaluable tool to analyze the integration of phenotypical, functional, metabolic and transcriptional features, at the single cell level in heterogeneous T cell populations, and from complex microenvironments, with potential clinical application in monitoring the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the most recent advances in flow cytometry-based analysis of gene expression, in combination with indicators of mitochondrial activity, with the aim of revealing and characterizing major metabolic pathways in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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29
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Ma J, Tran G, Wan AMD, Young EWK, Kumacheva E, Iscove NN, Zandstra PW. Microdroplet-based one-step RT-PCR for ultrahigh throughput single-cell multiplex gene expression analysis and rare cell detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6777. [PMID: 33762663 PMCID: PMC7990930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analysis of individual cells enables characterization of heterogeneous and rare cell populations, yet widespread implementation of existing single-cell gene analysis techniques has been hindered due to limitations in scale, ease, and cost. Here, we present a novel microdroplet-based, one-step reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) platform and demonstrate the detection of three targets simultaneously in over 100,000 single cells in a single experiment with a rapid read-out. Our customized reagent cocktail incorporates the bacteriophage T7 gene 2.5 protein to overcome cell lysate-mediated inhibition and allows for one-step RT-PCR of single cells encapsulated in nanoliter droplets. Fluorescent signals indicative of gene expressions are analyzed using a probabilistic deconvolution method to account for ambient RNA and cell doublets and produce single-cell gene signature profiles, as well as predict cell frequencies within heterogeneous samples. We also developed a simulation model to guide experimental design and optimize the accuracy and precision of the assay. Using mixtures of in vitro transcripts and murine cell lines, we demonstrated the detection of single RNA molecules and rare cell populations at a frequency of 0.1%. This low cost, sensitive, and adaptable technique will provide an accessible platform for high throughput single-cell analysis and enable a wide range of research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Gary Tran
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alwin M D Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Norman N Iscove
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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30
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Radhakrishnan R, Kowluru RA. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 and Regulation of the Antioxidant Defense System in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2021; 70:227-239. [PMID: 33051272 PMCID: PMC7881848 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The retina experiences increased oxidative stress in diabetes, and the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, which is critical in regulating many antioxidant genes, is decreased. The nuclear movement/transcriptional activity of Nrf2 is mediated by its intracellular inhibitor Keap1, and retinal Keap1 levels are increased in diabetes. Gene expression is also regulated by long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs). Our aim was to investigate the role of LncRNA MALAT1 in the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant defense in diabetic retinopathy. LncRNA MALAT1 expression (quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and RNA sequencing), its interactions with Keap1 (FACS), Keap1-Nrf2 interactions, and transcription of the antioxidant response genes (immunofluorescence and nuclear RNA sequencing) were investigated in retinal endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Glucose increased LncRNA MALAT1 levels by increasing Sp1 transcription factor binding at its promoter. Downregulation of LncRNA MALAT1 by its siRNA prevented glucose-induced increase in Keap1 and facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and antioxidant gene transcription. Retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and human donors with diabetic retinopathy also presented similar increases in LncRNA MALAT1 and its interactions with Keap1 and decreases in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense genes. Thus, LncRNA MALAT1, via Keap1-Nrf2, regulates antioxidant defense in diabetic retinopathy. Inhibition of LncRNA MALAT1 has potential to protect the retina from oxidative damage and to prevent or slow down diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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31
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Thompson HF, Summers S, Yuecel R, Gutierrez T. Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Found Tightly Associated with the 50-70 μm Cell-Size Population of Eukaryotic Phytoplankton in Surface Waters of a Northeast Atlantic Region. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121955. [PMID: 33317100 PMCID: PMC7763645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton can harbour communities of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; however, this algal–bacterial association has, hitherto, been only examined with non-axenic laboratory cultures of micro-algae. In this study, we isolated an operationally-defined community of phytoplankton, of cell size 50–70 μm, from a natural community in sea surface waters of a subarctic region in the northeast Atlantic. Using MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified several recognized (Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Oleispira, Porticoccus, Thalassospira) and putative hydrocarbon degraders (Colwelliaceae, Vibrionaceae) tightly associated with the phytoplankton population. We combined fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow-cytometry (FISH-Flow) to examine the association of Marinobacter with this natural eukaryotic phytoplankton population. About 1.5% of the phytoplankton population contained tightly associated Marinobacter. The remaining Marinobacter population were loosely associated with either eukaryotic phytoplankton cells or non-chlorophyll particulate material. This work is the first to show the presence of obligate, generalist and putative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria associated with natural populations of eukaryotic phytoplankton directly from sea surface water samples. It also highlights the suitability of FISH-Flow for future studies to examine the spatial and temporal structure and dynamics of these and other algal–bacterial associations in natural seawater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydn Frank Thompson
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephen Summers
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences IMS, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- Exeter Centre for Cytomics (EXCC), College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (H.F.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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The importance of advanced cytometry in defining new immune cell types and functions relevant for the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. AIDS 2020; 34:2169-2185. [PMID: 32910071 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
: In the last years, novel, exciting immunological findings of interest for HIV research and treatment were identified thanks to different cytometric approaches. The analysis of the phenotypes and functionality of cells belonging to the immune system could clarify their role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, and to elaborate key concepts, relevant in the treatment of this disease. Important discoveries have been made concerning cells that are important for protective immunity like lymphocytes that display polyfunctionality, resident memory T cells, innate lymphoid cells, to mention a few. The complex phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells has been investigated, and relevant changes have been reported during chronic and primary HIV infection, in correlation with changes in CD4 T-cell number, T-cell activation, and with advanced disease stage. The search for markers of HIV persistence present in latently infected cells, namely those molecules that are important for a functional or sterilizing cure, evidenced the role of follicular helper T cells, and opened a discussion on the meaning and use of different surface molecules not only in identifying such cells, but also in designing new strategies. Finally, advanced technologies based upon the simultaneous detection of HIV-RNA and proteins at the single cell level, as well as those based upon spectral cytometry or mass cytometry are now finding new actors and depicting a new scenario in the immunopathogenesis of the infection, that will allow to better design innovative therapies based upon novel drugs and vaccines.
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33
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Zhao Y, Lin C, Wu P, Chen X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen L, Nilsson M, Ke R. Single Cell RNA Expression Analysis Using Flow Cytometry Based on Specific Probe Ligation and Rolling Circle Amplification. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3031-3036. [PMID: 32935538 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometry has been widely used for high-throughput single-cell gene expression analysis using specific antibody staining. However, this is limited by the availability of high-quality antibodies. We developed a novel flow cytometry RNA detection technique termed RCA-Flow for single-cell RNA expression analysis. We showed that it is able to analyze not only mRNAs but also microRNAs and circular RNAs that are otherwise difficult to analyze by other flow cytometry techniques. The versatility for high-throughput analysis of different types of RNA molecules makes our method possess great potential for both biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yuancun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Stockholm University, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rongqin Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
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Multiplexed detection and isolation of viable low-frequency cytokine-secreting human B cells using cytokine secretion assay and flow cytometry (CSA-Flow). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14823. [PMID: 32908164 PMCID: PMC7481209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells has broad implications in both health and a range of immune-mediated and auto-immune diseases. Low-frequency cytokine-defined immune-cell subsets can play key immune-regulatory roles, yet their detailed study is often hampered by limited clinical sample availability. Commonly used techniques including intracellular cytokine staining require cell fixation, precluding subsequent functional interrogation. The cytokine-secretion assay (CSA) can overcome this limitation, though has mostly been used for detection of relatively high-frequency, single-cytokine secreting cells. We examined how adaptation of the CSA in combination with multiparametric flow-cytometry (CSA-Flow) may enable simultaneous isolation of multiple, low-frequency, cytokine-secreting cells. Focusing on human B cells (traditionally recognized as harder to assay than T cells), we show that single-capture CSA-Flow allows for isolation of highly-purified populations of both low-frequency (IL-10+; GM-CSF+) and high-frequency (TNF+) cytokine-defined B cells. Simultaneous detection and isolation of up to three viable and highly-purified cytokine-secreting B-cell subpopulations is feasible, albeit with some signal loss, with fractions subsequently amenable to gene expression analysis and in vitro cell culture. This multiplexing CSA-Flow approach will be of interest in many human cellular immunology contexts aiming to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells, especially when sample volumes and cell numbers are limited.
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Uno N, Kaku N, Morinaga Y, Hasegawa H, Yanagihara K. Flow cytometry assay for the detection of single-copy DNA in human lymphocytes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e86. [PMID: 32544240 PMCID: PMC7470942 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific nucleic acid sequences can be detected in individual cells by in situ hybridization. However, when very few copies of a target sequence are present per cell, its signal is undetectable by flow cytometry. Although various approaches have been developed to increase fluorescence signals for in situ hybridization, flow cytometric detection of specific genomic DNA sequences has not been established. Here, we present a flow cytometry assay for detection of single-copy genomic sequences in human lymphocytes using in situ PCR with universal energy transfer-labelled primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Uno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Raddaoui N, Croce S, Geiger F, Borodavka A, Möckl L, Stazzoni S, Viverge B, Bräuchle C, Frischmuth T, Engelke H, Carell T. Supersensitive Multifluorophore RNA-FISH for Early Virus Detection and Flow-FISH by Using Click Chemistry. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2214-2218. [PMID: 32187837 PMCID: PMC7496099 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The reliable detection of transcription events through the quantification of the corresponding mRNA is of paramount importance for the diagnostics of infections and diseases. The quantification and localization analysis of the transcripts of a particular gene allows disease states to be characterized more directly compared to an analysis on the transcriptome wide level. This is particularly needed for the early detection of virus infections as now required for emergent viral diseases, e. g. Covid-19. In situ mRNA analysis, however, is a formidable challenge and currently performed with sets of single-fluorophore-containing oligonucleotide probes that hybridize to the mRNA in question. Often a large number of probe strands (>30) are required to get a reliable signal. The more oligonucleotide probes are used, however, the higher the potential off-target binding effects that create background noise. Here, we used click chemistry and alkyne-modified DNA oligonucleotides to prepare multiple-fluorophore-containing probes. We found that these multiple-dye probes allow reliable detection and direct visualization of mRNA with only a very small number (5-10) of probe strands. The new method enabled the in situ detection of viral transcripts as early as 4 hours after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Raddaoui
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Stefano Croce
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
- Baseclick GmbHFloriansbogen 2–482061Neuried (MünchenGermany
| | - Florian Geiger
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Alexander Borodavka
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Samuele Stazzoni
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Bastien Viverge
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | | | - Hanna Engelke
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MunichGermany
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Batish M, Tyagi S. Fluorescence In Situ Imaging of Dendritic RNAs at Single-Molecule Resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 89:e79. [PMID: 31532916 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA localization is an important step in gene regulation. Imaging RNAs in fixed and live cells provides contextual information about RNA distribution in the cells. Here, we provide detailed protocols for performing single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). smFISH detects mRNA molecules at single-molecule resolution in fixed neuronal cells using ∼50 small oligonucleotide probes for each mRNA. The technique has been successfully applied to understand RNA localization and distribution in various biological systems, ranging from Drosophila to the mammalian nervous system. The probes are small enough to bind to structured RNAs or RNAs that are part of RNA-protein complexes, thereby accounting for ∼85% of the total RNA; this enables a level of sensitivity equivalent to that of quantitative real-time PCR, but with anatomical resolution. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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38
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The Role of Single-Cell Technology in the Study and Control of Infectious Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061440. [PMID: 32531928 PMCID: PMC7348906 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of single-cell research in the recent decade has allowed biological studies at an unprecedented resolution and scale. In particular, single-cell analysis techniques such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) have helped show substantial links between cellular heterogeneity and infectious disease progression. The extensive characterization of genomic and phenotypic biomarkers, in addition to host-pathogen interactions at the single-cell level, has resulted in the discovery of previously unknown infection mechanisms as well as potential treatment options. In this article, we review the various single-cell technologies and their applications in the ongoing fight against infectious diseases, as well as discuss the potential opportunities for future development.
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Young AP, Jackson DJ, Wyeth RC. A technical review and guide to RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8806. [PMID: 32219032 PMCID: PMC7085896 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool to visualize target messenger RNA transcripts in cultured cells, tissue sections or whole-mount preparations. As the technique has been developed over time, an ever-increasing number of divergent protocols have been published. There is now a broad selection of options available to facilitate proper tissue preparation, hybridization, and post-hybridization background removal to achieve optimal results. Here we review the technical aspects of RNA-FISH, examining the most common methods associated with different sample types including cytological preparations and whole-mounts. We discuss the application of commonly used reagents for tissue preparation, hybridization, and post-hybridization washing and provide explanations of the functional roles for each reagent. We also discuss the available probe types and necessary controls to accurately visualize gene expression. Finally, we review the most recent advances in FISH technology that facilitate both highly multiplexed experiments and signal amplification for individual targets. Taken together, this information will guide the methods development process for investigators that seek to perform FISH in organisms that lack documented or optimized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Young
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
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40
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Real F, Capron C, Sennepin A, Arrigucci R, Zhu A, Sannier G, Zheng J, Xu L, Massé JM, Greffe S, Cazabat M, Donoso M, Delobel P, Izopet J, Eugenin E, Gennaro ML, Rouveix E, Cramer Bordé E, Bomsel M. Platelets from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral drug therapy with poor CD4+ T cell recovery can harbor replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/535/eaat6263. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to hemostasis, human platelets have several immune functions and interact with infectious pathogens including HIV in vitro. Here, we report that platelets from HIV-infected individuals on combined antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) with low blood CD4+ T cell counts (<350 cells/μl) contained replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. In vitro, human platelets harboring HIV propagated the virus to macrophages, a process that could be prevented with the biologic abciximab, an anti–integrin αIIb/β3 Fab. Furthermore, in our cohort, 88% of HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and with platelets containing HIV were poor immunological responders with CD4+ T cell counts remaining below <350 cells/μl for more than one year. Our study suggests that platelets may be transient carriers of HIV and may provide an alternative pathway for HIV dissemination in HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and poor CD4+ T cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Real
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Sennepin
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Zheng
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Lin Xu
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Massé
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ségolène Greffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France
| | - Michelle Cazabat
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Maribel Donoso
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Delobel
- INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Elisabeth Rouveix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France
| | - Elisabeth Cramer Bordé
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
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M. Weerakoon-Ratnayake K, Vaidyanathan S, Larkey N, Dathathreya K, Hu M, Jose J, Mog S, August K, K. Godwin A, L. Hupert M, A. Witek M, A. Soper S. Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Immunophenotyping and Cytogenetic Analysis of Rare Biological Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E519. [PMID: 32102446 PMCID: PMC7072755 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating plasma cells (CPCs) and circulating leukemic cells (CLCs) as biomarkers for several blood cancers, such as multiple myeloma and leukemia, respectively, have recently been reported. These markers can be attractive due to the minimally invasive nature of their acquisition through a blood draw (i.e., liquid biopsy), negating the need for painful bone marrow biopsies. CPCs or CLCs can be used for cellular/molecular analyses as well, such as immunophenotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH, which is typically carried out on slides involving complex workflows, becomes problematic when operating on CLCs or CPCs due to their relatively modest numbers. Here, we present a microfluidic device for characterizing CPCs and CLCs using immunofluorescence or FISH that have been enriched from peripheral blood using a different microfluidic device. The microfluidic possessed an array of cross-channels (2-4 µm in depth and width) that interconnected a series of input and output fluidic channels. Placing a cover plate over the device formed microtraps, the size of which was defined by the width and depth of the cross-channels. This microfluidic chip allowed for automation of immunofluorescence and FISH, requiring the use of small volumes of reagents, such as antibodies and probes, as compared to slide-based immunophenotyping and FISH. In addition, the device could secure FISH results in <4 h compared to 2-3 days for conventional FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuditha M. Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Swarnagowri Vaidyanathan
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nicholas Larkey
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Mengjia Hu
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Jilsha Jose
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Shalee Mog
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Keith August
- Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Mateusz L. Hupert
- Biofluidica Inc., BioFluidica Research Laboratory, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Malgorzata A. Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Biofluidica Inc., BioFluidica Research Laboratory, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Xu H, Wang X, Wang Z, Li J, Xu Z, Miao M, Chen G, Lei X, Wu J, Shi H, Wang K, Zhang T, Sun X. MicroRNA expression profile analysis in sperm reveals hsa-mir-191 as an auspicious omen of in vitro fertilization. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:165. [PMID: 32066367 PMCID: PMC7027243 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs that play important roles in many physiological processes by regulating gene expression. Previous studies have shown that the expression levels of total miRNAs increase during mouse embryonic development, and some miRNAs control the regulatory network in development progression. However, few studies have focused on the effects of miRNAs on early human embryonic development. The relationship between miRNAs and early human embryogenesis is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq data collected from sperm samples from 102 patients with a normal sperm index but treated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) were analyzed for the relationships between differentially expressed small RNAs and the fertilization rate (FR), blastocyst rate and high-quality embryo rate (HQER). The sperm samples with high hsa-mir-191 expression had a higher FR, effective embryo rate (EER) and HQER. hsa-mir-191 was used as a single indicator to predict the HQER. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.686. We also found that hsa-mir-191 expression is correlated with an abnormal sperm rate (cor = 0.29, p < 0.01). We also evaluated the relationship between hsa-mir-34c and early human embryo development in these 102 sperm samples and obtained negative results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high hsa-mir-191-5p expression in sperm is associated with early human embryonic quality and that hsa-mir-191-5p could be used as a potential marker to screen high-quality sperm to improve the success rates of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.588 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiming Xu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Public School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Wu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, No.2140 xietu road, xuhui district, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, No.2140 xietu road, xuhui district, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, No.2140 xietu road, xuhui district, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation(Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Pharmacy School, Fudan University, No.2140 xietu road, xuhui district, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.588 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Wang S, Khan A, Huang R, Ye S, Di K, Xiong T, Li Z. Recent advances in single extracellular vesicle detection methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112056. [PMID: 32093894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by a variety of cells. They are known for their pertinent role in intercellular communication, and participation in different pathological processes, making them ideal candidate for utilization as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In contemporary years, the concept of a well-established liquid biopsy technology, and detection and utilization of EVs as a biomarkers have received unprecedented attention. Many rapid and precise EVs detection methods have been proposed, however, majority of them detect EVs in a bulk. As the prevalent heterogeneity of single extracellular vesicle (SEV) plays an important role in the analysis of disease progression, therefore, to prevent information loss, increased attention has been paid to SEV detection with remarkable successes. Technologies like fluorescence labeling, micro imaging and microfluidic chip were successfully employed for EVs detection at SEV level. This review summarizes the recent advances in SEV detection methods, their potential targets, applications as well as concludes future prospects for developing new SEV detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education (Southeast University), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Shiyi Ye
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kaili Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng 211900, PR China.
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44
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Xu C, He XY, Peng Y, Dai BS, Liu BY, Cheng SX. Facile Strategy To Enhance Specificity and Sensitivity of Molecular Beacons by an Aptamer-Functionalized Delivery Vector. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2088-2096. [PMID: 31855408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the specificity and sensitivity of molecular beacons (MBs) in detecting mRNA in living tumor cells, we introduced an aptamer (AS1411) to the delivery system of MBs to form an aptamer-decorated nanoprobe (ANP), which was prepared through self-assembly between AS1411-conjugated carboxymethyl chitosan (ACMC) with protamine sulfate (PS)/CaCO3/MB cores. Owing to the specific binding of AS1411 to nucleolin, which is overexpressed in tumor cell membranes and nuclei, an AS1411-decorated MB-delivery system leads to dramatically increased cell uptake of MBs for probing survivin mRNA and thus induces strong intracellular fluorescence emission in targeted tumorous cells and cell nuclei. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ANP can efficiently detect survivin mRNA in mitochondria. In other words, the effective delivery of MBs ensures the precise detection of mRNA distribution in diverse organelles. In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of ANP in probing tumor cells in simulated blood as well as in peripheral blood from a healthy donor and found that the nanoprobe can specifically deliver MBs to tumor cells and identify tumor cells in blood. The targeting delivery system we constructed holds promising applications in precise detection of subcellular distribution of mRNA in living tumor cells as well as in fluorescence-guided cancer detection in liquid biopsy technology. This study provides a facile strategy to effectively improve the specificity and sensitivity of conventional molecular beacons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy , The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , P. R. China
| | - Bao-Sheng Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , P. R. China
| | - Bo-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
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45
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Estimating RNA numbers in single cells by RNA fluorescent tagging and flow cytometry. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105745. [PMID: 31654657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the statistics of single-cell RNA numbers has become a key source of information on gene expression dynamics. One of the most informative methods of in vivo single-RNA detection is MS2d-GFP tagging. So far, it requires microscopy and laborious semi-manual image analysis, which hampers the amount of collectable data. To overcome this limitation, we present a new methodology for quantifying the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of single-cell distributions of RNA numbers, from flow cytometry data on cells expressing RNA tagged with MS2d-GFP. The quantification method, based on scaling flow-cytometry data from microscopy single-cell data on integer-valued RNA numbers, is shown to readily produce precise, big data on in vivo single-cell distributions of RNA numbers and, thus, can assist in studies of transcription dynamics.
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46
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Loiseau C, Cooper MM, Doolan DL. Deciphering host immunity to malaria using systems immunology. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:115-143. [PMID: 31608461 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A century of conceptual and technological advances in infectious disease research has changed the face of medicine. However, there remains a lack of effective interventions and a poor understanding of host immunity to the most significant and complex pathogens, including malaria. The development of successful interventions against such intractable diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen immune responses. A major advance of the past decade has been a paradigm switch in thinking from the contemporary reductionist (gene-by-gene or protein-by-protein) view to a more holistic (whole organism) view. Also, a recognition that host-pathogen immunity is composed of complex, dynamic interactions of cellular and molecular components and networks that cannot be represented by any individual component in isolation. Systems immunology integrates the field of immunology with omics technologies and computational sciences to comprehensively interrogate the immune response at a systems level. Herein, we describe the system immunology toolkit and report recent studies deploying systems-level approaches in the context of natural exposure to malaria or controlled human malaria infection. We contribute our perspective on the potential of systems immunity for the rational design and development of effective interventions to improve global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Loiseau
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Martha M Cooper
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
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47
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The landscape of transcription initiation across latent and lytic KSHV genomes. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007852. [PMID: 31188901 PMCID: PMC6590836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise promoter annotation is required for understanding the mechanistic basis of transcription initiation. In the context of complex genomes, such as herpesviruses where there is extensive genic overlap, identification of transcription start sites (TSSs) is particularly problematic and cannot be comprehensively accessed by standard RNA sequencing approaches. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and the B cell lymphoma primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we leverage RNA annotation and mapping of promoters for analysis of gene expression (RAMPAGE) and define KSHV TSSs transcriptome-wide and at nucleotide resolution in two widely used models of KSHV infection, namely iSLK.219 cells and the PEL cell line TREx-BCBL1-RTA. By mapping TSSs over a 96 h time course of reactivation we confirm 48 of 50 previously identified TSSs. Moreover, we identify over 100 novel transcription start site clusters (TSCs) in each cell line. Our analyses identified cell-type specific differences in TSC positions as well as promoter strength, and defined motifs within viral core promoters. Collectively, by defining TSSs at high resolution we have greatly expanded the transcriptional landscape of the KSHV genome and identified transcriptional control mechanisms at play during KSHV lytic reactivation.
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48
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Lin M, Yi X, Huang F, Ma X, Zuo X, Xia F. Photoactivated Nanoflares for mRNA Detection in Single Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2021-2027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fujian Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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49
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Farack L, Golan M, Egozi A, Dezorella N, Bahar Halpern K, Ben-Moshe S, Garzilli I, Tóth B, Roitman L, Krizhanovsky V, Itzkovitz S. Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Beta Cells in the Intact Pancreas. Dev Cell 2018; 48:115-125.e4. [PMID: 30503750 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells have been shown to be heterogeneous at multiple levels. However, spatially interrogating transcriptional heterogeneity in the intact tissue has been challenging. Here, we developed an optimized protocol for single-molecule transcript imaging in the intact pancreas and used it to identify a sub-population of "extreme" beta cells with elevated mRNA levels of insulin and other secretory genes. Extreme beta cells contain higher ribosomal and proinsulin content but lower levels of insulin protein in fasted states, suggesting they may be tuned for basal insulin secretion. They exhibit a distinctive intra-cellular polarization pattern, with elevated mRNA concentrations in an apical ER-enriched compartment, distinct from the localization of nascent and mature proteins. The proportion of extreme cells increases in db/db diabetic mice, potentially facilitating the required increase in basal insulin. Our results thus highlight a sub-population of beta cells that may carry distinct functional roles along physiological and pathological timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Farack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shani Ben-Moshe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Immacolata Garzilli
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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50
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Zhao Y, Ye X, Dunker W, Song Y, Karijolich J. RIG-I like receptor sensing of host RNAs facilitates the cell-intrinsic immune response to KSHV infection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4841. [PMID: 30451863 PMCID: PMC6242832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 are cytosolic RNA helicases best characterized as restriction factors for RNA viruses. However, evidence suggests RLRs participate in innate immune recognition of other pathogens, including DNA viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we demonstrate that RLRs restrict KSHV lytic reactivation and we demonstrate that restriction is facilitated by the recognition of host-derived RNAs. Misprocessed noncoding RNAs represent an abundant class of RIG-I substrates, and biochemical characterizations reveal that an infection-dependent reduction in the cellular triphosphatase DUSP11 results in an accumulation of select triphosphorylated noncoding RNAs, enabling their recognition by RIG-I. These findings reveal an intricate relationship between RNA processing and innate immunity, and demonstrate that an antiviral innate immune response can be elicited by the sensing of misprocessed cellular RNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DEAD Box Protein 58/antagonists & inhibitors
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases/genetics
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- HEK293 Cells
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/immunology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/virology
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Phosphorylation
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Signal Transduction
- Virus Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA
| | - William Dunker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453000, China
| | - John Karijolich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232-2363, USA.
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