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Liu Y, Cheng H, Cheng M, Sun M, Ma J, Gong T. Next generation sequencing reveals the mutation landscape of Chinese MDS patients and the association between mutations and AML transformations. Hematology 2024; 29:2392469. [PMID: 39158486 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2392469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Approximately 30% of patients with MDS eventually develop to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our study aimed to investigate the mutation landscape of Chinese MDS patients and identify the mutated genes which are closely implicated in the transformation of MDS to AML. METHODS In total, 412 sequencing data collected from 313 patients were used for analysis. Mutation frequencies between different groups were compared by Fisher's exact. A predictive model for risk of transformation/death of newly diagnosed patients was constructed by logistic regression. RESULTS The most frequently mutated genes in newly diagnosed patients were TP53, TET2, RUNX1, PIGA, and BCOR and mutations of RUNX1, TP53, BCORL1, TET2, and BCOR genes were more common in the treated MDS patients. Besides, we found that the mutation frequencies of IDH2, TET2, and EZH2 were significantly higher in MDS patients aged over 60 years. Moreover, two mutation sites, KRASG12A and TP53H140N were detected only at transformation in one patient, while not detected at diagnosis. In addition, the mutation frequencies of EZH2 V704F and TET2 I1873N were stable from diagnosis to transformation in two patients. Finally, we constructed a predictive model for risk of transformation/death of newly diagnosed patients combing detected data of 10 genes and the number of to leukocyte, with a sensitivity of 63.3% and a specificity of 84.6% in distinguishing individuals with and without risk of transformation/death. CONCLUSION In summary, our study found several mutations associated with the transformation from MDS to AML, and constructed a predictive model for risk of transformation/death of MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchen Cheng
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Sun
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Gong
- Institute of Harbin Hematology and Oncology, the first hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gerlevik S, Seymen N, Hama S, Mumtaz W, Thompson IR, Jalili SR, Kaya DE, Iacoangeli A, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J, Napolitani G, Mufti GJ, Karimi MM. Identification of novel myelodysplastic syndromes prognostic subgroups by integration of inflammation, cell-type composition, and immune signatures in the bone marrow. eLife 2024; 13:RP97096. [PMID: 39235452 PMCID: PMC11377035 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutational profiles of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have established that a relatively small number of genetic aberrations, including SF3B1 and SRSF2 spliceosome mutations, lead to specific phenotypes and prognostic subgrouping. We performed a multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) on two published MDS cohorts of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and CD34 + cells with three data modalities (clinical, genotype, and transcriptomics). Seven different views, including immune profile, inflammation/aging, retrotransposon (RTE) expression, and cell-type composition, were derived from these modalities to identify the latent factors with significant impact on MDS prognosis. SF3B1 was the only mutation among 13 mutations in the BMMNC cohort, indicating a significant association with high inflammation. This trend was also observed to a lesser extent in the CD34 + cohort. Interestingly, the MOFA factor representing the inflammation shows a good prognosis for MDS patients with high inflammation. In contrast, SRSF2 mutant cases show a granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) pattern and high levels of senescence, immunosenescence, and malignant myeloid cells, consistent with their poor prognosis. Furthermore, MOFA identified RTE expression as a risk factor for MDS. This work elucidates the efficacy of our integrative approach to assess the MDS risk that goes beyond all the scoring systems described thus far for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Gerlevik
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nogayhan Seymen
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shan Hama
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Warisha Mumtaz
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Richard Thompson
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed R Jalili
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz E Kaya
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR BRC SLAM NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M Karimi
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Parmar K, Kundu R, Maiti A, Ball S. Updates in biology, classification, and management of acute myeloid leukemia with antecedent hematologic disorder and therapy related acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2024; 144:107546. [PMID: 38986173 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia with antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD-AML) and therapy related AML (t-AML) constitute a heterogenous disease with inferior outcomes. It is often characterized by high-risk cytogenetic and molecular alterations associated with AHD or prior cancer therapy. Historically, the standard of care treatment has been intensive induction with "7 + 3", with an improved overall response rate and survival with CPX-351. Results from large registry-based studies suggested that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is preferable to consolidation chemotherapy alone for achieving long-term survival in patients with AHD-AML. Prevalence of high-risk genetic features and advanced age and comorbidities in patients make AHD-AML and t-AML clinically challenging subgroups to treat with intensive approaches. Recent reports on less intensive treatment options, particularly the hypomethylating agent-venetoclax combination, have shown encouraging response rates in these patients. However, emerging resistance mechanisms compromise duration of response and overall survival. Several novel agents targeting apoptotic machinery, signaling pathways, and immune checkpoints are under clinical investigation, with an aim to truly improve overall outcomes in this subgroup. We reviewed updates in biology, classification, and clinical data comparing safety and efficacy of intensive and less intensive treatment options, and summarized ongoing studies with promising novel therapies in AHD-AML and t-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Parmar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rupayan Kundu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Somedeb Ball
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Wang K, Wang Y, Li Y, Fang B, Li B, Cheng W, Wang K, Yang S. The potential of RNA methylation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. iScience 2024; 27:110524. [PMID: 39165846 PMCID: PMC11334793 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation has emerged as a dynamic regulatory mechanism that impacts gene expression and protein synthesis. Among the known RNA methylation modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 3-methylcytosine (m3C), and N7-methylguanosine (m7G) have been studied extensively. In particular, m6A is the most abundant RNA modification and has attracted significant attention due to its potential effect on multiple biological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To identify key pathogenic genes of CVD and potential therapeutic targets, we reviewed several common RNA methylation and summarized the research progress of RNA methylation in diverse CVDs, intending to inspire effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - YuQin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - YingHui Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - SuMin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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5
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Chakraborty S, Morganti C, Pena BR, Zhang H, Verma D, Zaldana K, Gitego N, Ma F, Aluri S, Pradhan K, Gordon S, Mantzaris I, Goldfinger M, Feldman E, Gritsman K, Shi Y, Hubner S, Qiu YH, Brown BD, Skwarska A, Verma A, Konopleva M, Tabe Y, Gavathiotis E, Colla S, Gollob J, Dey J, Kornblau SM, Koralov SB, Ito K, Shastri A. A STAT3 Degrader Demonstrates Pre-clinical Efficacy in Venetoclax resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.599788. [PMID: 39211137 PMCID: PMC11361003 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.599788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that continues to have poor prognosis despite recent therapeutic advances. Venetoclax (Ven), a BCL2-inhibitor has shown a high response rate in AML; however, relapse is invariable due to mitochondrial dysregulation that includes upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein MCL1, a central mechanism of Ven resistance (Ven-res). We have previously demonstrated that the transcription factor STAT3 is upregulated in AML hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and can be effectively targeted to induce apoptosis of these aberrant cells. We now show that overexpression of STAT3 alone is sufficient to initiate a strong AML phenotype in a transgenic murine model. Phospho-proteomic data from Ven treated AML patients show a strong correlation of high total STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 [both p-STAT3(Y705) and p-STAT3(S727)] expression with worse survival and reduced remission duration. Additionally, significant upregulation of STAT3 was observed in Ven-res cell lines, in vivo models and primary patient samples. A novel and specific degrader of STAT3 demonstrated targeted reduction of total STAT3 and resulting inhibition of its active p-STAT3(Y705) and p-STAT3(S727) forms. Treatment with the STAT3 degrader induced apoptosis in parental and Ven-res AML cell lines and decreased mitochondrial depolarisation, and thereby dependency on MCL1 in Ven-res AML cell line, as observed by BH3 profiling assay. STAT3 degrader treatment also enhanced differentiation of myeloid and erythroid colonies in Ven-res peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). Upregulation of p-STAT3(S727) was also associated with pronounced mitochondrial structural and functional dysfunction in Ven-res cell lines, that were restored by STAT3 degradation. Treatment with a clinical-stage STAT3 degrader, KT-333 resulted in a significant reduction in STAT3 and MCL1 protein levels within two weeks of treatment in a cell derived xenograft model of Ven-res AML. Additionally, this treatment significant improvement in the survival of a Ven-res patient-derived xenograft in-vivo study. Degradation of STAT3 resulting in downregulation of MCL1 and improvements in global mitochondrial dysfunction suggests a novel mechanism of overcoming Ven-res in AML. Statement of Purpose Five-year survival from AML is dismal at 30%. Our prior research demonstrated STAT3 over-expression in AML HSPC's to be associated with inferior survival. We now explore STAT3 over-expression in Ven-res AML, explain STAT3 mediated mitochondrial perturbations and describe a novel therapeutic strategy, STAT3 degradation to overcome Ven-res.
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6
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Joshi P, Keyvani Chahi A, Liu L, Moreira S, Vujovic A, Hope KJ. RNA binding protein-directed control of leukemic stem cell evolution and function. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e116. [PMID: 39175825 PMCID: PMC11339706 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Strict control over hematopoietic stem cell decision making is essential for healthy life-long blood production and underpins the origins of hematopoietic diseases. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in particular is a devastating hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the clonal evolution of disease-initiating primitive cells which acquire compounding genetic changes over time and culminate in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these driver cells throughout their development will be instrumental in the interception of leukemia, the enabling of effective treatment of pre-leukemic conditions, as well as the development of strategies to target frank AML disease. To this point, a number of precancerous myeloid disorders and age-related alterations are proving as instructive models to gain insights into the initiation of LSCs. Here, we explore this myeloid dysregulation at the level of post-transcriptional control, where RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) function as core effectors. Through regulating the interplay of a myriad of RNA metabolic processes, RBPs orchestrate transcript fates to govern gene expression in health and disease. We describe the expanding appreciation of the role of RBPs and their post-transcriptional networks in sustaining healthy hematopoiesis and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of clonal myeloid disorders and AML, with a particular emphasis on findings described in human stem cells. Lastly, we discuss key breakthroughs that highlight RBPs and post-transcriptional control as actionable targets for precision therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Lina Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Steven Moreira
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ana Vujovic
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Kristin J. Hope
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
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7
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Bertoli RM, Chung YJ, Difilippantonio MJ, Wokasch A, Marasco MR, Klimaszewski H, Gammell S, Zhu YJ, Walker RL, Cao D, Khanna A, Walter MJ, Doroshow JH, Meltzer PS, Aplan PD. The DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Aza-4'-thio-2'-Deoxycytidine Induces C>G Transversions and Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Development. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2518-2532. [PMID: 38832931 PMCID: PMC11293964 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), most commonly cytidine analogs, are compounds that decrease 5'-cytosine methylation. DNMTi are used clinically based on the hypothesis that cytosine demethylation will lead to re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. 5-Aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza-TdCyd or ATC) is a recently described thiol-substituted DNMTi that has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in solid tumor models. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ATC in a murine transplantation model of myelodysplastic syndrome. ATC treatment led to the transformation of transplanted wild-type bone marrow nucleated cells into lymphoid leukemia, and healthy mice treated with ATC also developed lymphoid leukemia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 1,000 acquired mutations, almost all of which were C>G transversions in a specific 5'-NCG-3' context. These mutations involved dozens of genes involved in human lymphoid leukemia, such as Notch1, Pten, Pax5, Trp53, and Nf1. Human cells treated in vitro with ATC showed 1,000 acquired C>G transversions in a similar context. Deletion of Dck, the rate-limiting enzyme for the cytidine salvage pathway, eliminated C>G transversions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a highly penetrant mutagenic and leukemogenic phenotype associated with ATC. Significance: Treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor generates a distinct mutation signature and triggers leukemic transformation, which has important implications for the research and clinical applications of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Bertoli
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yang Jo Chung
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael J. Difilippantonio
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anthony Wokasch
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Madison R.B. Marasco
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Haley Klimaszewski
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Susannah Gammell
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yuelin J. Zhu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert L. Walker
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dengchao Cao
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ajay Khanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J. Walter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter D. Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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8
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Chung DEC, Deng X, Yalamanchili HK, Revelli JP, Han AL, Tadros B, Richman R, Dias M, Naini FA, Boeynaems S, Hyman BT, Zoghbi HY. The big tau splice isoform resists Alzheimer's-related pathological changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.30.605685. [PMID: 39211086 PMCID: PMC11360890 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the microtubule-binding protein tau becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in selective brain regions such as the cortex and hippocampus 1-3 . However, other brain regions like the cerebellum and brain stem remain largely intact despite the universal expression of tau throughout the brain. Here, we found that an understudied splice isoform of tau termed "big tau" is significantly more abundant in the brain regions less vulnerable to tau pathology compared to tau pathology-vulnerable regions. We used various cellular and animal models to demonstrate that big tau possesses multiple properties that can resist AD-related pathological changes. Importantly, human AD patients show a higher expression level of pathology-resisting big tau in the cerebellum, the brain region spared from tau pathology. Our study examines the unique properties of big tau, expanding our current understanding of tau pathophysiology. Altogether, our data suggest that alternative splicing to favor big tau is a viable strategy to modulate tau pathology.
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9
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Tran Quang V, Wagner-Ballon O, Sloma I. Predicting which subsets of patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms are more likely to progress to overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39004904 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2378816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The boundary between myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) has been revised in the latest World Health Organization classification of myeloid malignancies. These changes were motivated by the description of a subgroup of MDS patients identified as oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (OM-CMML) at risk of evolving into overt CMML. Various studies will be reviewed describing the clinical and biological features of MDS patients evolving to CMML. The efforts to discover biomarkers enabling the identification of these patients at the time of MDS diagnosis will be discussed. Finally, the molecular landscape of these patients will be presented with a specific focus on the biallelic inactivation of TET2 in light of its functional impact on hematopoietic stem cells, granule-monocytic differentiation, and its tight interplay with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Tran Quang
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Hematology and Immunology Department, Créteil, France
| | - Orianne Wagner-Ballon
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Hematology and Immunology Department, Créteil, France
| | - Ivan Sloma
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Hematology and Immunology Department, Créteil, France
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10
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Inami S, Koh K. Sleep induced by mechanosensory stimulation provides cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602891. [PMID: 39026689 PMCID: PMC11257551 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep is a complex phenomenon regulated by various factors, including sensory input. Anecdotal observations have suggested that gentle rocking helps babies fall asleep, and experimental studies have verified that rocking promotes sleep in both humans and mice. Recent studies have expanded this understanding, demonstrating that gentle vibration also induces sleep in Drosophila. Natural sleep serves multiple functions, including learning and memory, synaptic downscaling, and clearance of harmful substances associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether vibration-induced sleep provides similar cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila. Methods We administered gentle vibration to flies that slept very little due to a forced activation of wake-promoting neurons and investigated how the vibration influenced learning and memory in the courtship conditioning paradigm. Additionally, we examined the effects of VIS on synaptic downscaling by counting synapse numbers of select neurons. Finally, we determined whether vibration could induce sleep in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and promote the clearance of Amyloid b (Ab) and Tubulin Associated Unit (TAU). Results Vibration-induced sleep enhanced performance in a courtship conditioning paradigm and reduced the number of synapses in select neurons. Moreover, vibration improved sleep in Drosophila models of AD, promoting the clearance of Ab and TAU. Conclusions Mechanosensory stimulation offers a promising non-invasive avenue for enhancing sleep, potentially providing associated cognitive and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Inami
- Department of Neuroscience and the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience and the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University
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11
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Shannon ML, Heimlich JB, Olson S, Debevec A, Copeland Z, Kishtagari A, Vlasschaert C, Snider C, Silver AJ, Brown D, Spaulding T, Bhatta M, Pugh K, Stockton SS, Ulloa J, Xu Y, Baljevic M, Moslehi J, Jahangir E, Ferrell PB, Slosky D, Bick AG, Savona MR. Clonal hematopoiesis and inflammation in the vasculature: CHIVE, a prospective, longitudinal clonal hematopoiesis cohort and biorepository. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3453-3463. [PMID: 38608257 PMCID: PMC11259927 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-associated phenomenon leading to an increased risk of both hematologic malignancy and nonmalignant organ dysfunction. Increasingly available genetic testing has made the incidental discovery of CH clinically common yet evidence-based guidelines and effective management strategies to prevent adverse CH health outcomes are lacking. To address this gap, the prospective CHIVE (clonal hematopoiesis and inflammation in the vasculature) registry and biorepository was created to identify and monitor individuals at risk, support multidisciplinary CH clinics, and refine taxonomy and standards of practice for CH risk mitigation. Data from the first 181 patients enrolled in this prospective registry recapitulate the molecular epidemiology of CH from biobank-scale retrospective studies, with DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, and TP53 as the most commonly mutated genes. Blood counts across all hematopoietic lineages trended lower in patients with CH. In addition, patients with CH had higher rates of end organ dysfunction, in particular chronic kidney disease. Among patients with CH, variant allele frequency was independently associated with the presence of cytopenias and progression to hematologic malignancy, whereas other common high-risk CH clone features were not clear. Notably, accumulation of multiple distinct high-risk clone features was also associated with cytopenias and hematologic malignancy progression, supporting a recently published CH risk score. Surprisingly, ∼30% of patients enrolled in CHIVE from CH clinics were adjudicated as not having clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, highlighting the need for molecular standards and purpose-built assays in this field. Maintenance of this well-annotated cohort and continued expansion of CHIVE to multiple institutions are underway and will be critical to understanding how to thoughtfully care for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Shannon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - J. Brett Heimlich
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sydney Olson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ariana Debevec
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Zachary Copeland
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Christina Snider
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexander J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Donovan Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Travis Spaulding
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Manasa Bhatta
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kelly Pugh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jessica Ulloa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Muhamed Baljevic
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Section of Cardio-Oncology & Immunology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eiman Jahangir
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - P. Brent Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David Slosky
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael R. Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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12
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Jalan A, Jayasree PJ, Karemore P, Narayan KP, Khandelia P. Decoding the 'Fifth' Nucleotide: Impact of RNA Pseudouridylation on Gene Expression and Human Disease. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1581-1598. [PMID: 37341888 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular RNAs, both coding and noncoding are adorned by > 100 chemical modifications, which impact various facets of RNA metabolism and gene expression. Very often derailments in these modifications are associated with a plethora of human diseases. One of the most oldest of such modification is pseudouridylation of RNA, wherein uridine is converted to a pseudouridine (Ψ) via an isomerization reaction. When discovered, Ψ was referred to as the 'fifth nucleotide' and is chemically distinct from uridine and any other known nucleotides. Experimental evidence accumulated over the past six decades, coupled together with the recent technological advances in pseudouridine detection, suggest the presence of pseudouridine on messenger RNA, as well as on diverse classes of non-coding RNA in human cells. RNA pseudouridylation has widespread effects on cellular RNA metabolism and gene expression, primarily via stabilizing RNA conformations and destabilizing interactions with RNA-binding proteins. However, much remains to be understood about the RNA targets and their recognition by the pseudouridylation machinery, the regulation of RNA pseudouridylation, and its crosstalk with other RNA modifications and gene regulatory processes. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and molecular machinery involved in depositing pseudouridine on target RNAs, molecular functions of RNA pseudouridylation, tools to detect pseudouridines, the role of RNA pseudouridylation in human diseases like cancer, and finally, the potential of pseudouridine to serve as a biomarker and as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jalan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - P J Jayasree
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Pragati Karemore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Piyush Khandelia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana, 500078, India.
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13
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Mestrum SGC, Roanalis BYV, de Wit NCJ, Drent RJM, Boonen BT, van Hemert WLW, Hopman AHN, Ramaekers FCS, Leers MPG. MDS and AML show elevated fractions of CD34-positive blast cell populations with a high anti-apoptotic versus proliferation ratio. Leuk Res 2024; 142:107520. [PMID: 38776565 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intertwined processes of (anti-)apoptosis and cell proliferation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Utilizing antibodies to Bcl-2 and Ki-67, the CD34-positive blast cell compartments in bone marrow aspirates from 50 non-malignant cases, 25 MDS patients, and 25 AML patients were analyzed for their anti-apoptotic and proliferative cell fractions through ten-color flow cytometry. MDS patients exhibited a significantly increased anti-apoptotic (p=0.0014) and reduced proliferative cell fraction (p=0.0030) in their blast cell population as compared to non-malignant cases. AML patients showed an even more exacerbated trend than MDS patients. The resulting Bcl-2:Ki-67 cell fraction ratios in MDS and AML were significantly increased as compared to the non-malignant cases (p=0.0004 and p<0.0001, respectively). AML patients displayed, however, a high degree of variability in their anti-apoptotic and proliferation index, attributed to heterogeneity in maturation stage and severity of the disease at diagnosis. Using double-labeling for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 it could be shown that besides blast cells with a mutually exclusive Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression, also blast cells concurrently exhibiting anti-apoptotic and proliferative marker expression were found. Integrating these two dynamic markers into MDS and AML diagnostic workups may enable informed conclusions about their biological behavior, facilitating individualized therapy decisions for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G C Mestrum
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - B Y Vanblarcum Roanalis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert C J de Wit
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roosmarie J M Drent
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert T Boonen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L W van Hemert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton H N Hopman
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Nordic-MUbio, an Absolute Biotech Company, Susteren, the Netherlands
| | - Math P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Mohl GA, Dixon G, Marzette E, McKetney J, Samelson AJ, Serras CP, Jin J, Li A, Boggess SC, Swaney DL, Kampmann M. The disease-causing tau V337M mutation induces tau hypophosphorylation and perturbs axon morphology pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597496. [PMID: 38895329 PMCID: PMC11185762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tau aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. There are disease-causing variants of the tau-encoding gene, MAPT, and the presence of tau aggregates is highly correlated with disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms linking pathological tau to neuronal dysfunction are not well understood due to our incomplete understanding of the normal functions of tau in development and aging and how these processes change in the context of causal disease variants of tau. To address these questions in an unbiased manner, we conducted multi-omic characterization of iPSC-derived neurons harboring the MAPT V337M mutation. RNA-seq and phosphoproteomics revealed that both V337M tau and tau knockdown consistently perturbed levels of transcripts and phosphorylation of proteins related to axonogenesis or axon morphology. Surprisingly, we found that neurons with V337M tau had much lower tau phosphorylation than neurons with WT tau. We conducted functional genomics screens to uncover regulators of tau phosphorylation in neurons and found that factors involved in axonogenesis modified tau phosphorylation in both MAPT WT and MAPT V337M neurons. Intriguingly, the p38 MAPK pathway specifically modified tau phosphorylation in MAPT V337M neurons. We propose that V337M tau might perturb axon morphology pathways and tau hypophosphorylation via a "loss of function" mechanism, which could contribute to previously reported cognitive changes in preclinical MAPT gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Mohl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary Dixon
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Marzette
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin McKetney
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi J Samelson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlota Pereda Serras
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Julianne Jin
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Boggess
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Yuan X, Sabzvar MK, Patil AD, Chinnaswamy K, Howie KL, Andhavaram R, Wang B, Siegler MA, Dumaz A, Stuckey JA, Corey SJ, Maciejewski JP, Visconte V, Yang CY. Comprehensive Analyses of the Effects of the Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the UHM Domain in the Splicing Factor U2AF1 in Leukemia Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4477663. [PMID: 38883705 PMCID: PMC11177969 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4477663/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in RNA splicing factor genes including SF3B1, U2AF1, SRSF2, and ZRSR2 have been reported to contribute to development of myeloid neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Chemical tools targeting cells carrying these mutant genes remain limited and underdeveloped. Among the four proteins, mutant U2AF1 (U2AF1mut) acquires an altered 3' splice site selection preference and co-operates with the wild-type U2AF1 (U2AF1wt) to change various gene isoform patterns to support MDS cells survival and proliferation. U2AF1 mutations in MDS cells are always heterozygous and the cell viability is reduced when exposed to additional insult affecting U2AF1wt function. To investigate if the pharmacological inhibition of U2AF1wt function can provoke drug-induced vulnerability of cells harboring U2AF1 mut , we conducted a fragment-based library screening campaign to discover compounds targeting the U2AF homology domain (UHM) in U2AF1 that is required for the formation of the U2AF1/U2AF2 complex to define the 3' splice site. The most promising hit (SF1-8) selectively inhibited growth of leukemia cell lines overexpressingU2AF1 mut and human primary MDS cells carrying U2AF1 mut . RNA-seq analysis of K562-U2AF1mut following treatment with SF1-8 further revealed alteration of isoform patterns for a set of proteins that impair or rescue pathways associated with endocytosis, intracellular vesicle transport, and secretion. Our data suggested that further optimization of SF1-8 is warranted to obtain chemical probes that can be used to evaluate the therapeutic concept of inducing lethality to U2AF1 mut cells by inhibiting the U2AF1wt protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mona Kazemi Sabzvar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Howie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ramaraju Andhavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Borwyn Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Arda Dumaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seth J Corey
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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16
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Ware AD, Davis K, Xian RR. Molecular Pathology of Mature Lymphoid Malignancies. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:355-376. [PMID: 38821649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are a broad and heterogeneous group of neoplasms. In the past decade, the genetic landscape of these tumors has been explored and cataloged in fine detail offering a glimpse into the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and new opportunities to translate these findings into patient management. A myriad of studies have demonstrated both distinctive and overlapping molecular and chromosomal abnormalities that have influenced the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma, disease prognosis, and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D Ware
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Katelynn Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rena R Xian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1812 Ashland Avenue, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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17
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Montégut L, López-Otín C, Kroemer G. Aging and cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:106. [PMID: 38760832 PMCID: PMC11102267 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer exhibit apparent links that we will examine in this review. The null hypothesis that aging and cancer coincide because both are driven by time, irrespective of the precise causes, can be confronted with the idea that aging and cancer share common mechanistic grounds that are referred to as 'hallmarks'. Indeed, several hallmarks of aging also contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression, but some of the molecular and cellular characteristics of aging may also reduce the probability of developing lethal cancer, perhaps explaining why very old age (> 90 years) is accompanied by a reduced incidence of neoplastic diseases. We will also discuss the possibility that the aging process itself causes cancer, meaning that the time-dependent degradation of cellular and supracellular functions that accompanies aging produces cancer as a byproduct or 'age-associated disease'. Conversely, cancer and its treatment may erode health and drive the aging process, as this has dramatically been documented for cancer survivors diagnosed during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We conclude that aging and cancer are connected by common superior causes including endogenous and lifestyle factors, as well as by a bidirectional crosstalk, that together render old age not only a risk factor of cancer but also an important parameter that must be considered for therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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18
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Fei F, Caporale C, Chang L, Fortini BK, Ali H, Bell D, Stein A, Marcucci G, Telatar M, Afkhami M. BRAF Mutations in Patients with Myeloid Neoplasms: A Cancer Center Multigene Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis Experience. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5183. [PMID: 38791222 PMCID: PMC11121641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutations are rare in myeloid neoplasms and are reported to be associated with poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of our study is to characterize BRAF mutations in myeloid neoplasms using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel based on the experiences of a single cancer center. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with myeloid neoplasms who underwent the HopeSeq studies between January 2018 and September 2023. A total of 14 patients with myeloid neoplasms carrying BRAF mutations were included in our cohort. The clinical, pathological, and molecular features of these patients were investigated. Our study indicates that BRAF mutations are rare in myeloid neoplasms, constituting only 0.53% (14/2632) of all myeloid neoplasm cases, with the most common BRAF mutation being BRAF V600E (4/14; 28.6%). Interestingly, we observed that six out of seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited AML with monocytic differentiation, and all the patients with AML exhibited an extremely poor prognosis compared to those without BRAF mutations. TET2 (5/14; 35.7%), ASXL1 (4/14; 28.6%), and JAK2 (4/14; 28.6%) were the three most frequently co-mutated genes in these patients. Moreover, we noted concurrent KMT2A gene rearrangement with BRAF mutations in three patients with AML (3/7; 42.9%). Our study suggests that although BRAF mutations are rare in myeloid neoplasms, they play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of specific AML subtypes. Furthermore, RAS pathway alterations, including BRAF mutations, are associated with KMT2A gene rearrangement in AML. However, these findings warrant further validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.F.)
| | - Caitlin Caporale
- Breast Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Lisa Chang
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.F.)
| | | | - Haris Ali
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Stein
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Milhan Telatar
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.F.)
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.F.)
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19
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Munshi PN, McCurdy SR. Age barriers in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Raising the silver curtain. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:922-937. [PMID: 38414188 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is no longer exclusively for the young. With an aging population, development of non-intensive remission-inducing strategies for hematologic malignancies, and novel graft-versus-host disease-prevention platforms, an older population of patients is pursuing HCT. The evolving population of HCT recipients requires an overhaul in the way we risk-stratify and optimize patients prior to HCT. Here, we review the history and current state of HCT for older adults and propose an assessment and intervention flow to bridge the gaps in today's clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashna N Munshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Ji C, Yang X, Eleish M, Jiang Y, Tetlow A, Song S, Martín-Ávila A, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Gan W, Lin Y, Sigurdsson EM. Neuronal hypofunction and network dysfunction in a mouse model at an early stage of tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591735. [PMID: 38746288 PMCID: PMC11092661 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported altered neuronal Ca 2+ dynamics in the motor cortex of 12-month-old JNPL3 tauopathy mice during quiet wakefulness or forced running, with a tau antibody treatment significantly restoring the neuronal Ca 2+ activity profile and decreasing pathological tau in these mice 1 . Whether neuronal functional deficits occur at an early stage of tauopathy and if tau antibody treatment is effective in younger tauopathy mice needed further investigation. In addition, neuronal network activity and neuronal firing patterns have not been well studied in behaving tauopathy models. In this study, we first performed in vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging in JNPL3 mice in their early stage of tauopathy at 6 months of age, compared to 12 month old mice and age-matched wild-type controls to evaluate neuronal functional deficits. At the animal level, frequency of neuronal Ca 2+ transients decreased only in 6 month old tauopathy mice compared to controls, and only when animals were running on a treadmill. The amplitude of neuronal transients decreased in tauopathy mice compared to controls under resting and running conditions in both age groups. Total neuronal activity decreased only in 6 month old tauopathy mice compared to controls under resting and running conditions. Within either tauopathy or wild-type group, only total activity decreased in older wild-type animals. The tauopathy mice at different ages did not differ in neuronal Ca 2+ transient frequency, amplitude or total activity. In summary, neuronal function did significantly attenuate at an early age in tauopathy mice compared to controls but interestingly did not deteriorate between 6 and 12 months of age. A more detailed populational analysis of the pattern of Ca 2+ activity at the neuronal level in the 6 month old cohort confirmed neuronal hypoactivity in layer 2/3 of primary motor cortex, compared to wild-type controls, when animals were either resting or running on a treadmill. Despite reduced activity, neuronal Ca 2+ profiles exhibited enhanced synchrony and dysregulated responses to running stimulus. Further ex vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed reduction of spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission onto and in pyramidal neurons and enhanced excitability of inhibitory neurons in motor cortex, which were likely responsible for altered neuronal network activity in this region. Lastly, tau antibody treatment reduced pathological tau and gliosis partially restored the neuronal Ca 2+ activity deficits but failed to rescue altered network changes. Taken together, substantial neuronal and network dysfunction occurred in the early stage of tauopathy that was partially alleviated with acute tau antibody treatment, which highlights the importance of functional assessment when evaluating the therapeutic potential of tau antibodies. Highlights Layer 2/3 motor cortical neurons exhibited hypofunction in awake and behaving mice at the early stage of tauopathy.Altered neuronal network activity disrupted local circuitry engagement in tauopathy mice during treadmill running.Layer 2/3 motor cortical neurons in tauopathy mice exhibited enhanced neuronal excitability and altered excitatory synaptic transmissions.Acute tau antibody treatment reduced pathological tau and gliosis, and partially restored neuronal hypofunction profiles but not network dysfunction.
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21
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Lin T, Liu D, Guan Z, Zhao X, Li S, Wang X, Hou R, Zheng J, Cao J, Shi M. CRISPR screens in mechanism and target discovery for AML. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29382. [PMID: 38660246 PMCID: PMC11040068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based screens have discovered novel functional genes involving in diverse tumor biology and elucidated the mechanisms of the cancer pathological states. Recently, with its randomness and unbiasedness, CRISPR screens have been used to discover effector genes with previously unknown roles for AML. Those novel targets are related to AML survival resembled cellular pathways mediating epigenetics, synthetic lethality, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial and energy metabolism. Other genes that are crucial for pharmaceutical targeting and drug resistance have also been identified. With the rapid development of novel strategies, such as barcodes and multiplexed mosaic CRISPR perturbation, more potential therapeutic targets and mechanism in AML will be discovered. In this review, we present an overview of recent progresses in the development of CRISPR-based screens for the mechanism and target identification in AML and discuss the challenges and possible solutions in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhangchun Guan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Qi C, Lövestam S, Murzin AG, Peak-Chew S, Franco C, Bogdani M, Latimer C, Murrell JR, Cullinane PW, Jaunmuktane Z, Bird TD, Ghetti B, Scheres SH, Goedert M. Tau filaments with the Alzheimer fold in cases with MAPT mutations V337M and R406W. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591661. [PMID: 38746388 PMCID: PMC11092478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease are the most common forms of early-onset dementia. Dominantly inherited mutations in MAPT, the microtubule-associated protein tau gene, cause FTD and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Individuals with FTDP-17 develop abundant filamentous tau inclusions in brain cells. Here we used electron cryo-microscopy to determine the structures of tau filaments from the brains of individuals with MAPT mutations V337M and R406W. Both mutations gave rise to tau filaments with the Alzheimer fold, which consisted of paired helical filaments in all V337M and R406W cases and of straight filaments in two V337M cases. We also identified a new assembly of the Alzheimer fold into triple tau filaments in a V337M case. Filaments assembled from recombinant tau(297-391) with mutation V337M had the Alzheimer fold and showed an increased rate of assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Marika Bogdani
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Patrick W. Cullinane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sjors H.W. Scheres
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Sjors H.W. Scheres, Michel Goedert
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Sjors H.W. Scheres, Michel Goedert
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23
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Huhe H, Shapley SM, Duong D, Wu F, Ha SK, Choi SH, Kofler J, Mou Y, Guimaraes TR, Thathiah A, Schaeffer LKH, Carter GW, Seyfried NT, Silva AC, Sukoff Rizzo SJ. Marmosets as model systems for the study of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: substantiation of physiological Tau 3R and 4R isoform expression and phosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.590453. [PMID: 38746277 PMCID: PMC11092449 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.590453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marmosets have been shown to spontaneously develop pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) during advanced age, including amyloid-beta plaques, positioning them as a model system to overcome the rodent-to-human translational gap for AD. However, Tau expression in the marmoset brain has been understudied. METHODS To comprehensively investigate Tau isoform expression in marmosets, brain tissue from eight unrelated marmosets across various ages was evaluated and compared to human postmortem AD tissue. Microtubule-associated protein tau ( MAPT ) mRNA expression and splicing were confirmed by RT-PCR. Tau isoforms in the marmoset brain were examined by western blot, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining. Synaptic Tau expression was analyzed from crude synaptosome extractions. RESULTS 3R and 4R Tau isoforms are expressed in marmoset brains at both transcript and protein levels across ages. Results from western blot analysis were confirmed by mass spectrometry, which revealed that Tau peptides in marmoset corresponded to the 3R and 4R peptides in the human AD brain. 3R Tau was primarily enriched in neonate brains, and 4R enhanced in adult and aged brains. Tau was widely distributed in neurons with localization in the soma and synaptic regions. Phosphorylation residues were observed on Thr-181, Thr-217, and Thr-231, Ser202/Thr205, Ser396/Ser404. Paired helical filament (PHF)-like aggregates were also detected in aged marmosets. DISCUSSION Our results confirm the expression of both 3R and 4R Tau isoforms and important phosphorylation residues in the marmoset brain. These data emphasize the significance of marmosets with natural expression of AD-related hallmarks as important translational models for the study of AD.
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24
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Smith ED, McKenna R, Mietzsch M, Borchelt DR, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Hyperacetylation mimetics within the tau filament core inhibits prion-like propagation of misfolded tau. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589253. [PMID: 38659970 PMCID: PMC11042196 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acetylation of key Lysine residues characterizes aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau constituting the neuropathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). This has led to the idea that acetylation influences tau aggregation. Using a HEK293 cell-based aggregation assay, we tested whether acetylation-mimicking substitutions (K→Q) on five AD-associated acetyl-modified sites (AcK-311, 353, 369, 370, 375) influenced its propensity to aggregate when exposed to tau seeds derived from two clinically distinctive diseases - AD and PSP. In combination, the presence of 5K→Q sites ablated tau aggregation induced by seeds from both AD and PSP patients, indicating that acetylation within the filament core domain of tau could have an inhibitory effect on seed-mediated aggregation. We had previously identified that a phosphorylation-mimetic on Ser305 (S→E) abrogated tau aggregation by seeds from AD patients, without affecting seeding by PSP patients. Combining the S305→E to the 5K→Q acetyl-modified sites, we found that this tau could now be seeded only by PSP patients, but not by AD patients, confirming Ser305 as a critical determinant of strain-specific tau seeding. On the other hand, acetylation-nullifying substitutions (K→R or K→A) on these same Lys sites did not alter tau seeding abilities compared to the parental tau construct. Notably, the combined acetylation-nullifying Alanine substitutions on these 5 Lys sites resulted in spontaneous self-aggregation, with the filaments resembling amorphous deposits. All together, we demonstrate that cooperative acetyl-occupancy in the tau filament core influences seeded propagation of misfolded tau as well as drives self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Smith
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center For Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center For Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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25
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Mina A, Pavletic S, Aplan PD. The evolution of preclinical models for myelodysplastic neoplasms. Leukemia 2024; 38:683-691. [PMID: 38396286 PMCID: PMC10997513 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) are a group of clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and morphologic dysplasia. Clinical manifestations of MDS vary widely and are dictated in large part by a range of genetic aberrations. The lack of robust in vitro models for MDS has limited the ability to conduct high throughput drug screens, which in turn has hampered the development of novel therapies for MDS. There are very few well-characterized MDS cell lines, and the available cell lines expand poorly in vitro. Conventional xenograft mouse models can provide an in vivo vessel to provide growth of cancer cells, but human MDS cells engraft poorly. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold models that form human "ossicles" represent a promising new approach and can reproduce the intricate communication between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their environment. Genetically engineered mice utilize specific mutations and may not represent the entire array of human MDS; however, genetically engineered mice provided in vivo proof of principle for novel agents such as luspatercept, demonstrating the clinical utility of this approach. This review offers an overview of available preclinical MDS models and potential approaches to accelerate accurate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mina
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Aplan
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Garcia-Medina JS, Sienkiewicz K, Narayanan SA, Overbey EG, Grigorev K, Ryon KA, Burke M, Proszynski J, Tierney B, Schmidt CM, Mencia-Trinchant N, Klotz R, Ortiz V, Foox J, Chin C, Najjar D, Matei I, Chan I, Cruchaga C, Kleinman A, Kim J, Lucaci A, Loy C, Mzava O, De Vlaminck I, Singaraju A, Taylor LE, Schmidt JC, Schmidt MA, Blease K, Moreno J, Boddicker A, Zhao J, Lajoie B, Altomare A, Kruglyak S, Levy S, Yu M, Hassane DC, Bailey SM, Bolton K, Mateus J, Mason CE. Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2024; 7:pbae007. [PMID: 38634106 PMCID: PMC11022651 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Inspiration4 (I4) mission, the first all-civilian orbital flight mission, investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic approach. Despite advances, there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges, including microgravity, immune system perturbations, and radiation exposure. Methods To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission, we collected dried blood spots pre-, during, and post-flight for DNA extraction. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR, while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations. A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis, including variant calling to assess mutational burden. Result Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to Earth. Cell-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures post-flight. No significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) or whole-genome instability was observed. The long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months post-flight. Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight, with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to Earth. CHIP sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts, an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career astronauts. This study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight, low Earth orbit (LEO) missions, and deep-space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Garcia-Medina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Karolina Sienkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- BioAstra Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill Grigorev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Krista A Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marissa Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Braden Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Caleb M Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nuria Mencia-Trinchant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Veronica Ortiz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- BioAstra Inc, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY 10021, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irenaeus Chan
- Washington University St. Louis Oncology Division, St. Louis, MO 63100, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University St. Louis Oncology Division, St. Louis, MO 63100, USA
| | - Ashley Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Lucaci
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Conor Loy
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Omary Mzava
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anvita Singaraju
- Department of Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Julian C Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | | | - Juan Moreno
- Element Biosciences, San Diego, CA 10055, USA
| | | | - Junhua Zhao
- Element Biosciences, San Diego, CA 10055, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shawn Levy
- Element Biosciences, San Diego, CA 10055, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Duane C Hassane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kelly Bolton
- Washington University St. Louis Oncology Division, St. Louis, MO 63100, USA
| | - Jaime Mateus
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA 90250, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- BioAstra Inc, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY 10021, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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27
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Duangjan C, Chang X, Seidler PM, Curran SP. Oolonghomobisflavans from Camellia sinensis disaggregate tau fibrils across Alzheimer's disease models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582120. [PMID: 38464186 PMCID: PMC10925199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau fibrils are well-established hallmarks of AD, which can induce oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and are linked to disease pathology. Here, we describe the effects of Oolonghomobisflavan A (OFA) and Oolonghomobisflavan B (OFB) on tau fibril disaggregation and prionogenic seeding. Transcriptomic analysis of OF-treated animals reveals the induction of a proteostasis-enhancing and health-promoting signature. OFA treatment reduced the burden of Tau protein aggregation in a C. elegans model expressing pathogenic human tau ("hTau-expressing") and promoted Tau disaggregation and inhibited seeding in assays using ex vivo brain-derived paired helical filament tau protein fibrils from Alzheimer's disease brain donors. Correspondingly, treatment with OF improved multiple fitness and aging-related health parameters in the hTau-expressing C. elegans model, including reproductive output, muscle function, and importantly, reversed the shortened lifespan stemming from pathogenic Tau expression. Collectively, this study provides new evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of OFs and reveal a new therapeutic strategy for targeting AD and other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by tauopathy.
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28
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Zhao J, Cato LD, Arora UP, Bao EL, Bryant SC, Williams N, Jia Y, Goldman SR, Nangalia J, Erb MA, Vos SM, Armstrong SA, Sankaran VG. Inherited blood cancer predisposition through altered transcription elongation. Cell 2024; 187:642-658.e19. [PMID: 38218188 PMCID: PMC10872907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in defining diverse somatic mutations that cause myeloid malignancies, a significant heritable component for these cancers remains largely unexplained. Here, we perform rare variant association studies in a large population cohort to identify inherited predisposition genes for these blood cancers. CTR9, which encodes a key component of the PAF1 transcription elongation complex, is among the significant genes identified. The risk variants found in the cases cause loss of function and result in a ∼10-fold increased odds of acquiring a myeloid malignancy. Partial CTR9 loss of function expands human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by increased super elongation complex-mediated transcriptional activity, which thereby increases the expression of key regulators of HSC self-renewal. By following up on insights from a human genetic study examining inherited predisposition to the myeloid malignancies, we define a previously unknown antagonistic interaction between the PAF1 and super elongation complexes. These insights could enable targeted approaches for blood cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liam D Cato
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Uma P Arora
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Williams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; UK and MRC-Wellcome Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seth R Goldman
- Nascent Transcriptomics Core, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; UK and MRC-Wellcome Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael A Erb
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seychelle M Vos
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Roderick-Richardson JE, Lim SE, Suzuki S, Ahmad MH, Selway J, Suleiman R, Karna K, Lehman J, O’Donnell J, Castilla LH, Maelfait J, Rehwinkel J, Kelliher MA. ZBP1 activation triggers hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell death resulting in bone marrow failure in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309628121. [PMID: 38227660 PMCID: PMC10823230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309628121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes result from the loss of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), and this loss has been attributed to cell death; however, the cell death triggers, and mechanisms remain unknown. During BMF, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) increase. These ligands are known to induce necroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death mediated by RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. We previously discovered that mice with a hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency (Ripk1HEM KO) exhibit inflammation, HSPC loss, and BMF, which is partially ameliorated by a RIPK3 deficiency; however, whether RIPK3 exerts its effects through its function in mediating necroptosis or other forms of cell death remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that similar to a RIPK3 deficiency, an MLKL deficiency significantly extends survival and like Ripk3 deficiency partially restores hematopoiesis in Ripk1HEM KO mice revealing that both necroptosis and apoptosis contribute to BMF in these mice. Using mouse models, we show that the nucleic acid sensor Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is up-regulated in mouse RIPK1-deficient bone marrow cells and that ZBP1's function in endogenous nucleic acid sensing is necessary for HSPC death and contributes to BMF. We also provide evidence that IFNγ mediates HSPC death in Ripk1HEM KO mice, as ablation of IFNγ but not TNFα receptor signaling significantly extends survival of these mice. Together, these data suggest that RIPK1 maintains hematopoietic homeostasis by preventing ZBP1 activation and induction of HSPC death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Eun Lim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Sakiko Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Mohd Hafiz Ahmad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Jonathan Selway
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Reem Suleiman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Keshab Karna
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Jesse Lehman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Joanne O’Donnell
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Lucio H. Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Jonathan Maelfait
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A. Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
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30
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Teodorescu P, Pasca S, Choi I, Shams C, Dalton WB, Gondek LP, DeZern AE, Ghiaur G. An accessible patient-derived xenograft model of low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2024; 109:337-342. [PMID: 37408441 PMCID: PMC10772503 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Teodorescu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj-Napoca
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - InYoung Choi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cynthia Shams
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - W Brian Dalton
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lukasz P Gondek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy E DeZern
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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31
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Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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32
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Weeks LD, Ebert BL. Causes and consequences of clonal hematopoiesis. Blood 2023; 142:2235-2246. [PMID: 37931207 PMCID: PMC10862247 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is described as the outsized contribution of expanded clones of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to blood cell production. The prevalence of CH increases dramatically with age. CH can be caused by somatic mutations in individual genes or by gains and/or losses of larger chromosomal segments. CH is a premalignant state; the somatic mutations detected in CH are the initiating mutations for hematologic malignancies, and CH is a strong predictor of the development of blood cancers. Moreover, CH is associated with nonmalignant disorders and increased overall mortality. The somatic mutations that drive clonal expansion of HSPCs can alter the function of terminally differentiated blood cells, including the release of elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines may then contribute to a broad range of inflammatory disorders that increase in prevalence with age. Specific somatic mutations in the peripheral blood in coordination with blood count parameters can powerfully predict the development of hematologic malignancies and overall mortality in CH. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CH nosology and origins. We provide an overview of available tools for risk stratification and discuss management strategies for patients with CH presenting to hematology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachelle D. Weeks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
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33
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Aplan P, Bertoli R, Chung YJ, Difilippantonio M, Wokasch A, Marasco M, Klimaszewski H, Garber S, Zhu Y, Walker R, Cao D, Doroshow J, Meltzer P. 5-Aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine induces C>G transversions in a specific trinucleotide context and leads to acute lymphoid leukemia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3186246. [PMID: 38168433 PMCID: PMC10760231 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3186246/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), most commonly cytidine analogs, are compounds that are used clinically to decrease 5'-cytosine methylation, with the aim of re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. We used a murine pre-clinical model of myelodysplastic syndrome based on transplantation of cells expressing a NUP98::HOXD13 transgene to investigate 5-Aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza TdCyd or ATC), a thiol substituted DNMTi, as a potential therapy. We found that ATC treatment led to lymphoid leukemia in wild-type recipient cells; further study revealed that healthy mice treated with ATC also developed lymphoid leukemia. Whole exome sequencing revealed thousands of acquired mutations, almost all of which were C > G transversions in a previously unrecognized, specific 5'-NCG-3' context. These mutations involved dozens of genes well-known to be involved in human lymphoid leukemia, such as Notch1, Pten, Pax5, Trp53 , and Nf1 . Treatment of human cells in vitro showed thousands of acquired C > G transversions in a similar context. Deletion of Dck , the rate-limiting enzyme for the cytidine salvage pathway, eliminated C > G transversions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that DNMTi can be potent mutagens in human and mouse cells, both in vitro and in vivo .
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Cacic AM, Schulz FI, Germing U, Dietrich S, Gattermann N. Molecular and clinical aspects relevant for counseling individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1303785. [PMID: 38162500 PMCID: PMC10754976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has fascinated the medical community for some time. Discovered about a decade ago, this phenomenon links age-related alterations in hematopoiesis not only to the later development of hematological malignancies but also to an increased risk of early-onset cardiovascular disease and some other disorders. CHIP is detected in the blood and is characterized by clonally expanded somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes, predisposing to the development of hematologic neoplasms such as MDS and AML. CHIP-associated mutations often involve DNA damage repair genes and are frequently observed following prior cytotoxic cancer therapy. Genetic predisposition seems to be a contributing factor. It came as a surprise that CHIP significantly elevates the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, and also contributes to heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Meanwhile, evidence of mutant clonal macrophages in vessel walls and organ parenchyma helps to explain the pathophysiology. Besides aging, there are some risk factors promoting the appearance of CHIP, such as smoking, chronic inflammation, chronic sleep deprivation, and high birth weight. This article describes fundamental aspects of CHIP and explains its association with hematologic malignancies, cardiovascular disorders, and other medical conditions, while also exploring potential progress in the clinical management of affected individuals. While it is important to diagnose conditions that can lead to adverse, but potentially preventable, effects, it is equally important not to stress patients by confronting them with disconcerting findings that cannot be remedied. Individuals with diagnosed or suspected CHIP should receive counseling in a specialized outpatient clinic, where professionals from relevant medical specialties may help them to avoid the development of CHIP-related health problems. Unfortunately, useful treatments and clinical guidelines for managing CHIP are still largely lacking. However, there are some promising approaches regarding the management of cardiovascular disease risk. In the future, strategies aimed at restoration of gene function or inhibition of inflammatory mediators may become an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cacic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felicitas Isabel Schulz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
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35
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Biernacki MA, Lok J, Black RG, Foster KA, Cummings C, Woodward KB, Monahan T, Oehler VG, Stirewalt DL, Wu D, Rongvaux A, Deeg HJ, Bleakley M. Discovery of U2AF1 neoantigens in myeloid neoplasms. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007490. [PMID: 38164756 PMCID: PMC10729103 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) arise from somatic mutations acquired in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, causing cytopenias and predisposing to transformation into secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Recurrent mutations in spliceosome genes, including U2AF1, are attractive therapeutic targets as they are prevalent in MDS and sAML, arise early in neoplastic cells, and are generally absent from normal cells, including normal hematopoietic cells. MDS and sAML are susceptible to T cell-mediated killing, and thus engineered T-cell immunotherapies hold promise for their treatment. We hypothesized that targeting spliceosome mutation-derived neoantigens with transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) T cells would selectively eradicate malignant cells in MDS and sAML. METHODS We identified candidate neoantigen epitopes from recurrent protein-coding mutations in the spliceosome genes SRSF2 and U2AF1 using a multistep in silico process. Candidate epitopes predicted to bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, be processed and presented from the parent protein, and not to be subject to tolerance then underwent in vitro immunogenicity screening. CD8+ T cells recognizing immunogenic neoantigen epitopes were evaluated in in vitro assays to assess functional avidity, confirm the predicted HLA restriction, the potential for recognition of similar peptides, and the ability to kill neoplastic cells in an antigen-specific manner. Neoantigen-specific TCR were sequenced, cloned into lentiviral vectors, and transduced into third-party T cells after knock-out of endogenous TCR, then tested in vitro for specificity and ability to kill neoplastic myeloid cells presenting the neoantigen. The efficacy of neoantigen-specific T cells was evaluated in vivo in a murine cell line-derived xenograft model. RESULTS We identified two neoantigens created from a recurrent mutation in U2AF1, isolated CD8+ T cells specific for the neoantigens, and demonstrated that transferring their TCR to third-party CD8+ T cells is feasible and confers specificity for the U2AF1 neoantigens. Finally, we showed that these neoantigen-specific TCR-T cells do not recognize normal hematopoietic cells but efficiently kill malignant myeloid cells bearing the specific U2AF1 mutation, including primary cells, in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data serve as proof-of-concept for developing precision medicine approaches that use neoantigen-directed T-cell receptor-transduced T cells to treat MDS and sAML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Mice
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Splicing Factor U2AF/genetics
- Splicing Factor U2AF/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Epitopes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ann Biernacki
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Lok
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ralph Graeme Black
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly A Foster
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie Cummings
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyle B Woodward
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tim Monahan
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek L Stirewalt
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans Joachim Deeg
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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36
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Ning Y, Zhang Y, Kallen MA, Emadi A, Baer MR. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of myelodysplastic neoplasms. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2023; 36:101512. [PMID: 38092472 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification (5th edition), the term myelodysplastic neoplasms (abbreviated MDS) has been introduced to replace myelodysplastic syndromes. MDS are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by cytopenia(s), dysplasia in one or more of lineages, ineffective hematopoiesis, and an increased risk of progression to bone marrow failure or to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Current NCCN guidelines and recent review articles have provided in depth discussion on the clinical diagnosis and management of MDS. This review will focus on discussion of the WHO and International Consensus Classification (ICC) updates on the role of cytogenetics and molecular genetics in the diagnosis and risk stratification of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael A Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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37
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Kwon A, Weinberg OK. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:657-667. [PMID: 37865509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by clonal hematopoiesis and abnormal maturation of hematopoietic cells, resulting in cytopenias. The transformation of MDS to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reflects a progressive increase in blasts due to impaired maturation of the malignant clone, and thus MDS and many AML subtypes form a biological continuum rather than representing two distinct diseases. Recent data suggest that, in addition to previously described translocations, NPM1 mutations and KMT2A rearrangements are also AML-defining genetic alterations that lead to rapid disease progression, even if they present initially with less than 20% blasts. While some adult patients <20% blasts can be treated effectively with intensive AML-type chemotherapy, in the future, treatment of individual patients in this MDS/AML group will likely be dictated by genetic, biological, and patient-related factors rather than an arbitrary blast percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Kwon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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38
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Nann D, Rau A, Mahmutovic L, Steinhilber J, Meca V, Federmann B, Vogel W, Bonzheim I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fend F. Targeted NGS on sequential bone marrow biopsies aids in the evaluation of cytopenias and monocytosis and documents clonal evolution-a proof of principle study. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:835-845. [PMID: 37610626 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of clonal versus reactive cytopenia and monocytosis, respectively, frequently presents a diagnostic challenge. With the two recent classifications of myeloid disorders, mutational analysis has gained importance as a diagnostic tool. However, reports on its utility on trephine bone marrow biopsies (BMB) are sparse. The aim of our proof of principle study was to determine the suitability of targeted sequencing for the longitudinal evaluation of cytopenia and monocytosis and demonstration of clonal evolution on sequential BMB. Seventy-seven EDTA-decalcified BMB of 33 patients with peripheral cytopenia and/or monocytosis, including at least one follow-up biopsy/patient, were included. Initial morphological diagnoses were idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS, 8 cases), MDS (without blast increase, 7 cases), MDS with increased blasts/excess blasts (MDS-IB/EB) (11 cases), and CMML (7 cases). Thirty-one genes relevant for myeloid disorders were examined using two custom AmpliSeq NGS panels. Mutations were found in the initial BMB of 5/8 cases of ICUS, thus changing the diagnosis to clonal cytopenia of unknown significance (CCUS), 5/7 MDS, 10/11 MDS-IB/EB, and 7/7 CMML. Clonal evolution was observed in 14/33 (42%) cases, mostly associated with disease progression. None of the wild-type patients acquired mutations during follow-up. NGS-based mutation profiling is a robust diagnostic tool for BMB and provides valuable additional information, especially for cases with no/minimal dysplasia, and for better risk stratification of MDS. Tracking variant allele frequency and appearance of mutations over time allows for observing clonal evolution or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Achim Rau
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lejla Mahmutovic
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Meca
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Federmann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy and Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wichard Vogel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Long J, Chen X, Shen Y, Lei Y, Mu L, Wang Z, Xiang R, Gao W, Wang L, Wang L, Jiang J, Zhang W, Lu H, Dong Y, Ding Y, Zhu H, Hong D, Sun YE, Hu J, Liang A. A combinatorial therapeutic approach to enhance FLT3-ITD AML treatment. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101286. [PMID: 37951217 PMCID: PMC10694671 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication mutations of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITDs) occur in 25%-30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with dismal prognosis. Although FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated initial clinical efficacy, the overall outcome of patients with FLT3-ITD AML remains poor, highlighting the urgency to develop more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we reveal that FLT3 inhibitors reduced protein stability of the anti-cancer protein p53, resulting in drug resistance. Blocking p53 degradation with proteasome inhibitors restores intracellular p53 protein levels and, in combination with FLT3-ITD inhibitors, shows superior therapeutic effects against FLT3-ITD AML in cells, mouse models, and patients. These data suggest that this combinatorial therapeutic approach may represent a promising strategy to target FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Lei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huina Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengli Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Kfoury YS, Ji F, Jain E, Mazzola M, Schiroli G, Papazian A, Mercier F, Sykes DB, Kiem A, Randolph M, Calvi LM, Abdel-Wahab O, Sadreyev RI, Scadden DT. The bone marrow stroma in human myelodysplastic syndrome reveals alterations that regulate disease progression. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6608-6623. [PMID: 37450380 PMCID: PMC10628805 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogenous group of diseases affecting the hematopoietic stem cell that are curable only by stem cell transplantation. Both hematopoietic cell intrinsic changes and extrinsic signals from the bone marrow (BM) niche seem to ultimately lead to MDS. Animal models of MDS indicate that alterations in specific mesenchymal progenitor subsets in the BM microenvironment can induce or select for abnormal hematopoietic cells. Here, we identify a subset of human BM mesenchymal cells marked by the expression of CD271, CD146, and CD106. This subset of human mesenchymal cells is comparable with mouse mesenchymal cells that, when perturbed, result in an MDS-like syndrome. Its transcriptional analysis identified Osteopontin (SPP1) as the most overexpressed gene. Selective depletion of Spp1 in the microenvironment of the mouse MDS model, Vav-driven Nup98-HoxD13, resulted in an accelerated progression as demonstrated by increased chimerism, higher mutant myeloid cell burden, and a more pronounced anemia when compared with that in wild-type microenvironment controls. These data indicate that molecular perturbations can occur in specific BM mesenchymal subsets of patients with MDS. However, the niche adaptations to dysplastic clones include Spp1 overexpression that can constrain disease fitness and potentially progression. Therefore, niche changes with malignant disease can also serve to protect the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna S. Kfoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esha Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Mazzola
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Giulia Schiroli
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ani Papazian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francois Mercier
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anna Kiem
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mark Randolph
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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41
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Bradley L, Savage KI. 'From R-lupus to cancer': Reviewing the role of R-loops in innate immune responses. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 131:103581. [PMID: 37832251 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells possess an inherent and evolutionarily conserved ability to detect and respond to the presence of foreign and pathological 'self' nucleic acids. The result is the stimulation of innate immune responses, signalling to the host immune system that defence mechanisms are necessary to protect the organism. To date, there is a vast body of literature describing innate immune responses to various nucleic acid species, including dsDNA, ssDNA and ssRNA etc., however, there is limited information available on responses to R-loops. R-loops are 3-stranded nucleic acid structures that form during transcription, upon DNA damage and in various other settings. Emerging evidence suggests that innate immune responses may also exist for the detection of R-loop related nucleic acid structures, implicating R-loops as drivers of inflammatory states. In this review, we aim to summarise the evidence indicating that R-loops are immunogenic species that can trigger innate immune responses in physiological and pathological settings and discuss the implications of this in the study of various diseases and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Bradley
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kienan I Savage
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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42
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Meyer LM, Koschade SE, Vischedyk JB, Thoelken M, Gubas A, Wegner M, Basoglu M, Knapp S, Kaulich M, Eimer S, Shaid S, Brandts CH. Deciphering the mitophagy receptor network identifies a crucial role for OPTN (optineurin) in acute myeloid leukemia. Autophagy 2023; 19:2982-2996. [PMID: 37439113 PMCID: PMC10549194 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2230839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria via mitophagy is essential for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and, thereby, disease maintenance and progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mitophagy is orchestrated by a variety of mitophagy receptors whose interplay is not well understood. Here, we established a pairwise multiplexed CRISPR screen targeting mitophagy receptors to elucidate redundancies and gain a deeper understanding of the functional interactome governing mitophagy in AML. We identified OPTN (optineurin) as sole non-redundant mitophagy receptor and characterized its unique role in AML. Knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that OPTN expression is rate-limiting for AML cell proliferation. In a MN1-driven murine transplantation model, loss of OPTN prolonged overall median survival by 7 days (+21%). Mechanistically, we found broadly impaired mitochondrial respiration and function with increased mitochondrial ROS, that most likely caused the proliferation defect. Our results decipher the intertwined network of mitophagy receptors in AML for both ubiquitin-dependent and receptor-mediated mitophagy, identify OPTN as a non-redundant tool to study mitophagy in the context of leukemia and suggest OPTN inhibition as an attractive therapeutic strategy.Abbreviations: AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; CTRL: control; DFP: deferiprone; GI: genetic interaction; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; ldMBM, lineage-depleted murine bone marrow; LFC: log2 fold change; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LSC: leukemic stem cell; MAGeCK: Model-based Analysis of Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout; MDIVI-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MOM: mitochondrial outer membrane; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; OA: oligomycin-antimycin A; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; OE: overexpression; OPTN: optineurin; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEM: standard error of the mean; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Meyer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian E. Koschade
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas B. Vischedyk
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marlyn Thoelken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Gubas
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Biochemistry II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wegner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Biochemistry II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Basoglu
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Transmission-Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Biochemistry II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Transmission-Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shabnam Shaid
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian H. Brandts
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Milnerowicz S, Maszewska J, Skowera P, Stelmach M, Lejman M. AML under the Scope: Current Strategies and Treatment Involving FLT3 Inhibitors and Venetoclax-Based Regimens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15849. [PMID: 37958832 PMCID: PMC10647248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease that mainly affects elderly patients who are more often unfit for intensive chemotherapy (median age of diagnosis is 68). The regimens, including venetoclax, a highly specific BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) inhibitor, are a common alternative because of their safer profile and fewer side effects. However, the resistance phenomenon of leukemic cells necessitates the search for drugs that would help to overcome the resistance and improve treatment outcomes. One of the resistance mechanisms takes place through the upregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-XL, preventing BAX/BAK-driven MOMP (mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization), thus stopping the apoptosis process. Possible partners for BCL-2 inhibitors may include inhibitors from the FLT3i (FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 inhibitor) group. They resensitize cancer cells through the downregulation of MCL-1 expression in the FLT3 mutated cells, resulting in the stronger efficacy of BCL-2 inhibitors. Also, they provide an additional pathway for targeting the clonal cell. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest that the combination might show a synergistic effect and improve patients' outcomes. The aim of this review is to determine whether the combination of venetoclax and FLT3 inhibitors can impact the therapeutic approaches and what other agents they can be combined with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Milnerowicz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Julia Maszewska
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Paulina Skowera
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Stelmach
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.S.); (M.S.)
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44
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Almosailleakh M, Bentivegna S, Narcisi S, Benquet SJ, Gillberg L, Montaño-Almendras CP, Savickas S, Schoof EM, Wegener A, Luche H, Jensen HE, Côme C, Grønbæk K. Loss of the KN Motif and AnKyrin Repeat Domain 1 (KANK1) Leads to Lymphoid Compartment Dysregulation in Murine Model. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1947. [PMID: 37895296 PMCID: PMC10605996 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The KN Motif and AnKyrin Repeat Domain 1 (KANK1) is proposed as a tumour suppressor gene, as its expression is reduced or absent in several types of tumour tissue, and over-expressing the protein inhibited the proliferation of tumour cells in solid cancer models. We report a novel germline loss of heterozygosity mutation encompassing the KANK1 gene in a young patient diagnosed with myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) with no additional disease-related genomic aberrations. To study the potential role of KANK1 in haematopoiesis, we generated a new transgenic mouse model with a confirmed loss of KANK1 expression. KANK1 knockout mice did not develop any haematological abnormalities; however, the loss of its expression led to alteration in the colony forming and proliferative potential of bone marrow (BM) cells and a decrease in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) population frequency. A comprehensive marker expression analysis of lineage cell populations indicated a role for Kank1 in lymphoid cell development, and total protein analysis suggests the involvement of Kank1 in BM cells' cytoskeleton formation and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Almosailleakh
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Bentivegna
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuele Narcisi
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébasitien J. Benquet
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn Gillberg
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen P. Montaño-Almendras
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simonas Savickas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M. Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Hérve Luche
- Centre d’Immunophénomique—CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Aix Marseille Université (UMS3367), Inserm (US012), CNRS (UAR3367), 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Henrik E. Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christophe Côme
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.)
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4072 Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Gray ZH, Chakraborty D, Duttweiler RR, Alekbaeva GD, Murphy SE, Chetal K, Ji F, Ferman BI, Honer MA, Wang Z, Myers C, Sun R, Kaniskan HÜ, Toma MM, Bondarenko EA, Santoro JN, Miranda C, Dillingham ME, Tang R, Gozani O, Jin J, Skorski T, Duy C, Lee H, Sadreyev RI, Whetstine JR. Epigenetic balance ensures mechanistic control of MLL amplification and rearrangement. Cell 2023; 186:4528-4545.e18. [PMID: 37788669 PMCID: PMC10591855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
MLL/KMT2A amplifications and translocations are prevalent in infant, adult, and therapy-induced leukemia. However, the molecular contributor(s) to these alterations are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methylation (H3K9me1/2) balance at the MLL/KMT2A locus regulates these amplifications and rearrangements. This balance is controlled by the crosstalk between lysine demethylase KDM3B and methyltransferase G9a/EHMT2. KDM3B depletion increases H3K9me1/2 levels and reduces CTCF occupancy at the MLL/KMT2A locus, in turn promoting amplification and rearrangements. Depleting CTCF is also sufficient to generate these focal alterations. Furthermore, the chemotherapy doxorubicin (Dox), which associates with therapy-induced leukemia and promotes MLL/KMT2A amplifications and rearrangements, suppresses KDM3B and CTCF protein levels. KDM3B and CTCF overexpression rescues Dox-induced MLL/KMT2A alterations. G9a inhibition in human cells or mice also suppresses MLL/KMT2A events accompanying Dox treatment. Therefore, MLL/KMT2A amplifications and rearrangements are controlled by epigenetic regulators that are tractable drug targets, which has clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach H Gray
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Reuben R Duttweiler
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gulnaz D Alekbaeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sedona E Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin I Ferman
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Madison A Honer
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zhentian Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cynthia Myers
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Renhong Sun
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Monika Maria Toma
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, MRB 548, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Elena A Bondarenko
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - John N Santoro
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Christopher Miranda
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Megan E Dillingham
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000 Harbin, China
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, MRB 548, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hayan Lee
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Shen Y, Gao Y, Shi J, Huang Z, Dai R, Fu Y, Zhou Y, Kong W, Cui Q. MicroRNA-disease Network Analysis Repurposes Methotrexate for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:1030-1042. [PMID: 36030000 PMCID: PMC10928436 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta and is highly lethal. The main purpose of the current study is to search for noninvasive medical therapies for AAA, for which there is currently no effective drug therapy. Network medicine represents a cutting-edge technology, as analysis and modeling of disease networks can provide critical clues regarding the etiology of specific diseases and therapeutics that may be effective. Here, we proposed a novel algorithm to quantify disease relations based on a large accumulated microRNA-disease association dataset and then built a disease network covering 15 disease classes and 304 diseases. Analysis revealed some patterns for these diseases. For instance, diseases tended to be clustered and coherent in the network. Surprisingly, we found that AAA showed the strongest similarity with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, both of which are autoimmune diseases, suggesting that AAA could be one type of autoimmune diseases in etiology. Based on this observation, we further hypothesized that drugs for autoimmune diseases could be repurposed for the prevention and therapy of AAA. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that methotrexate, a drug for autoimmune diseases, was able to alleviate the formation and development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanxu Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region 999078, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiangcheng Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongbo Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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47
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Margvelani G, Welden JR, Maquera AA, Van Eyk JE, Murray C, Miranda Sardon SC, Stamm S. Influence of FTDP-17 mutants on circular Tau RNAs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.08.556913. [PMID: 37786725 PMCID: PMC10541600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
At least 53 mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau gene (MAPT) have been identified that cause frontotemporal dementia. 47 of these mutations are localized between exons 7 and 13. They could thus affect the formation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) from the MAPT gene that occur through backsplicing from exon 12 to either exon 10 or exon 7. We analyzed representative mutants and found that five FTDP-17 mutations increase the formation of 12➔7 circRNA and three different mutations increase the amount of 12➔10 circRNA. CircRNAs are translated after undergoing adenosine to inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes. We found that the interferon induced ADAR1-p150 isoform has the strongest effect on circTau RNA translation. ADAR1-p150 activity had a stronger effect on circTau RNA expression and strongly decreased 12➔7 circRNA, but unexpectedly increased 12➔10 circRNA. In both cases, ADAR-activity strongly promoted translation of circTau RNAs. Unexpectedly, we found that the 12➔7 circTau protein interacts with eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B), which is reduced by four FTDP-17 mutations located in the second microtubule domain. These are the first studies of the effect of human mutations on circular RNA formation and translation. They show that point mutations influence circRNA expression levels, likely through changes in the secondary pre-mRNA structures. The effect of the mutations is surpassed by editing of the circular RNAs, leading to their translation. Thus, circular RNAs and their editing status should be considered when analyzing FTDP-17 mutations. Highlights 47/53 known FTDP-17 mutations are located in regions that could influence generation of circular RNAs from the MAPT geneCircular Tau RNAs are translated after adenosine to inosine RNA editing, most effectively caused by ADAR1-p150FTDP-17 mutations influence both circTau RNA and circTau protein expression levelsCircTau protein expression levels do not correlate with circTau RNA expression levelsCircTau proteins bind to eukaryotic initiation factor 4B, which is antagonized by FTDP-17 mutations in exon 10. Graphic Abstract
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Neelamraju Y, Gjini E, Chhangawala S, Fan H, He S, Jing CB, Nguyen AT, Prajapati S, Sheridan C, Houvras Y, Melnick A, Look AT, Garrett-Bakelman FE. Depletion of tet2 results in age-dependent changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in a zebrafish model of myelodysplastic syndrome. FRONTIERS IN HEMATOLOGY 2023; 2:1235170. [PMID: 37937078 PMCID: PMC10629367 DOI: 10.3389/frhem.2023.1235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias, and dysplasia. The gene encoding ten-eleven translocation 2 (tet2), a dioxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, is a recurrently mutated tumor suppressor gene in MDS and other myeloid malignancies. Previously, we reported a stable zebrafish line with a loss-of-function mutation in the tet2 gene. The tet2m/m-mutant zebrafish developed a pre-MDS state with kidney marrow dysplasia, but normal circulating blood counts by 11 months of age and accompanying anemia, signifying the onset of MDS, by 24 months of age. Methods In the current study, we collected progenitor cells from the kidney marrows of the adult tet2m/m and tet2wt/wt fish at 4 and 15 months of age and conducted enhanced reduced representation of bisulfite sequencing (ERRBS) and bulk RNA-seq to measure changes in DNA methylation and gene expression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Results and discussion A global increase in DNA methylation of gene promoter regions and CpG islands was observed in tet2m/m HSPCs at 4 months of age when compared with the wild type. Furthermore, hypermethylated genes were significantly enriched for targets of SUZ12 and the metal-response-element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2)-involved in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). However, between 4 and 15 months of age, we observed a paradoxical global decrease in DNA methylation in tet2m/m HSPCs. Gene expression analyses identified upregulation of genes associated with mTORC1 signaling and interferon gamma and alpha responses in tet2m/m HSPCs at 4 months of age when compared with the wild type. Downregulated genes in HSPCs of tet2-mutant fish at 4 months of age were enriched for cell cycle regulation, heme metabolism, and interleukin 2 (IL2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, possibly related to increased self-renewal and clonal advantage in HSPCs with tet2 loss of function. Finally, there was an overall inverse correlation between overall increased promoter methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseswini Neelamraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Hao Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shuning He
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Ashley T. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Subhash Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Caroline Sheridan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francine E. Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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50
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Rose K, Jepson T, Shukla S, Maya-Romero A, Kampmann M, Xu K, Hurley JH. Tau fibrils induce nanoscale membrane damage and nucleate cytosolic tau at lysosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555157. [PMID: 37693477 PMCID: PMC10491128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The prion-like spread of protein aggregates is a leading hypothesis for the propagation of neurofibrillary lesions in the brain, including the spread of tau inclusions associated with Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms of cellular uptake of tau seeds and subsequent nucleated polymerization of cytosolic tau are major questions in the field, and the potential for coupling between the entry and nucleation mechanisms has been little explored. We found that in primary astrocytes, endocytosis of tau seeds leads to their accumulation in lysosomes. This in turn leads to lysosomal swelling, deacidification and recruitment of ESCRT proteins, but not Galectin-3, to the lysosomal membrane. These observations are consistent with nanoscale damage of the lysosomal membrane. Using live cell and STORM, imaging, nucleation of cytosolic tau occurs primarily at the lysosome membrane under these conditions. These data suggest that tau seeds escape from lysosomes via nanoscale damage rather than wholesale rupture, and that nucleation of cytosolic tau commences as soon as tau fibril ends emerge from the lysosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tyler Jepson
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sankalp Shukla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alex Maya-Romero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Ke Xu
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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