1
|
Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benzon B, Marijan S, Pervan M, Čikeš Čulić V. Eta polycaprolactone (ε-PCL) implants appear to cause a partial differentiation of breast cancer lung metastasis in a murine model. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37055783 PMCID: PMC10103376 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells in every epithelium can be roughly divided in three compartments: stem cell (SC) compartment, transient amplifying cell (TA) compartment and terminally differentiated (TD) compartment. Maturation of stem cells is characterized by epithelial stromal interaction and sequential maturational movement of stem cell's progeny through those compartments. In this work we hypothesize that providing an artificial stroma, which murine breast cancer metastatic cells can infiltrate, will induce their differentiation. METHODS BALB/c female mice were injected with 106 isogenic 4T1 breast cancer cells labeled with GFP. After 20 days primary tumors were removed, and artificial ε-PCL implants were implanted on the contralateral side. After 10 more days mice were sacrificed and implants along with lung tissue were harvested. Mice were divided in four groups: tumor removal with sham implantation surgery (n = 5), tumor removal with ε-PCL implant (n = 5), tumor removal with VEGF enriched ε-PCL implant (n = 7) and mice without tumor with VEGF enriched ε-PCL implant (n = 3). Differentiational status of GFP + cells was assessed by Ki67 and activated caspase 3 expression, thus dividing the population in SC like cells (Ki67+/dim aCasp3-), TA like cells (Ki67+/dim aCasp3+/dim) and TD like cells (Ki67- aCasp3+/dim) on flow cytometry. RESULTS Lung metastatic load was reduced by 33% in mice with simple ε-PCL implant when compared to tumor bearing group with no implant. Mice with VEGF enriched implants had 108% increase in lung metastatic load in comparison to tumor bearing mice with no implants. Likewise, amount of GFP + cells was higher in simple ε-PCL implant in comparison to VEGF enriched implants. Differentiation-wise, process of metastasizing to lungs reduces the average fraction of SC like cells when compared to primary tumor. This effect is made more uniform by both kinds of ε-PCL implants. The opposite process is mirrored in TA like cells compartment when it comes to averages. Effects of both types of implants on TD like cells were negligible. Furthermore, if gene expression signatures that mimic tissue compartments are analyzed in human breast cancer metastases, it turns out that TA signature is associated with increased survival probability. CONCLUSION ε-PCL implants without VEGF can reduce metastatic loads in lungs, after primary tumor removal. Both types of implants cause lung metastasis differentiation by shifting cancer cells from SC to TA compartment, leaving the TD compartment unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Matij Pervan
- Medical Studies Program, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are distinguished by their robust desmoplasia, or fibroinflammatory response. Dominated by non-malignant cells, the mutated epithelium must therefore combat, cooperate with or co-opt the surrounding cells and signalling processes in its microenvironment. It is proposed that an invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma represents the coordinated evolution of malignant and non-malignant cells and mechanisms that subvert and repurpose normal tissue composition, architecture and physiology to foster tumorigenesis. The complex kinetics and stepwise development of pancreatic cancer suggests that it is governed by a discrete set of organizing rules and principles, and repeated attempts to target specific components within the microenvironment reveal self-regulating mechanisms of resistance. The histopathological and genetic progression models of the transforming ductal epithelium must therefore be considered together with a programme of stromal progression to create a comprehensive picture of pancreatic cancer evolution. Understanding the underlying organizational logic of the tumour to anticipate and pre-empt the almost inevitable compensatory mechanisms will be essential to eradicate the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Hingorani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Pancreatic Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang D, Zhang X, Li Z, Xu F, Tang C, Chen H. Neuromedin U and neurotensin may promote the development of the tumour microenvironment in neuroblastoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11512. [PMID: 34141479 PMCID: PMC8176915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage 4S neuroblastoma, as defined by the International Neuroblastoma Staging System committee (INSS), is known to regress spontaneously and have a more favourable outcome compared with stage 4 tumours. Comparing the molecular differences between these two stages may provide insights into the progression of neuroblastoma. Our study aimed to explore the molecular differences in the tumour microenvironment (TME) between INSS stage 4S and stage 4 tumours to provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying the biological processes of neuroblastoma. We downloaded the datasets GSE120572 and GSE73517 from the GEO database and pre-processed them using the limma package. CIBERSORT deconvolution agorithm was applied to analyse the differences in 22 infiltrating immune leukocyte subsets between the two stages. We used gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to determine the biological process (BP) annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the online WebGestalt tool. Hub genes were determined in the STRING database and Cytoscape, and the expression of these genes was verified in the Oncomine database. Then these critical genes were performed survival analysis in TARGET database. We further validated the hub genes using a transwell assay and wound healing assay to detect the function of the genes in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2). GO analysis revealed that the 216 DEGs between stage 4S and stage 4 were enriched in aggressive biological processes. Neuromedin U (NMU) and neurotensin (NTS), which were significantly associated with patients’ overall survival rate, were verified to be elevated in stage 4, and to promote the proliferation and invasion of the SK-N-BE(2) cell. Tumour infiltrating leukocyte analysis showed a high infiltration of regulatory T cells and type 2 tumour-associated macrophages in stage 4 but not in stage 4S. Results of gene co-expression correlation, and the results of previous studies, suggest that NMU and NTS may play certain roles in modulating TME, thus facilitating the progression of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Tang
- Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vasilevich AS, Vermeulen S, Kamphuis M, Roumans N, Eroumé S, Hebels DGAJ, van de Peppel J, Reihs R, Beijer NRM, Carlier A, Carpenter AE, Singh S, de Boer J. On the correlation between material-induced cell shape and phenotypical response of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18988. [PMID: 33149200 PMCID: PMC7642380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning rules by which cell shape impacts cell function would enable control of cell physiology and fate in medical applications, particularly, on the interface of cells and material of the implants. We defined the phenotypic response of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to 2176 randomly generated surface topographies by probing basic functions such as migration, proliferation, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and differentiation using quantitative image analysis. Clustering the surfaces into 28 archetypical cell shapes, we found a very strict correlation between cell shape and physiological response and selected seven cell shapes to describe the molecular mechanism leading to phenotypic diversity. Transcriptomics analysis revealed a tight link between cell shape, molecular signatures, and phenotype. For instance, proliferation is strongly reduced in cells with limited spreading, resulting in down-regulation of genes involved in the G2/M cycle and subsequent quiescence, whereas cells with large filopodia are related to activation of early response genes and inhibition of the osteogenic process. In this paper we were aiming to identify a universal set of genes that regulate the material-induced phenotypical response of human mesenchymal stem cells. This will allow designing implants that can actively regulate cellular, molecular signalling through cell shape. Here we are proposing an approach to tackle this question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei S Vasilevich
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kamphuis
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Said Eroumé
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie G A J Hebels
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rika Reihs
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick R M Beijer
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jan de Boer
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elimination of KLK5 inhibits early skin tumorigenesis by reducing epidermal proteolysis and reinforcing epidermal microstructure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
7
|
Aranda-Anzaldo A, Dent MA. Landscaping the epigenetic landscape of cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 140:155-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Nuclear galectin-1-FOXP3 interaction dampens the tumor-suppressive properties of FOXP3 in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29549328 PMCID: PMC5856744 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3 is an important X-linked suppressor of breast cancer. It is reported that FOXP3 is usually mutant, absent, or cytoplasmic distribution in breast cancer cells, which increases the risk of breast cancer. However, in our study the full-length FOXP3 transcript can be detected in breast cancer cells and nuclear FOXP3 is expressed in some breast cancer samples. Therefore, an important question is how the tumor-suppressive function of wild-type FOXP3 is negated in these cancers. We found that Gal-1 is a novel interacting protein of FOXP3 in breast cancer. Furthermore, our results show that the FKH domain in FOXP3 is essential for its interaction with Gal-1. Through ChIP-seq assay, we found that the expression of Gal-1 could inhibit a variety of target genes which were directly regulated by FOXP3. More importantly, these FOXP3-bound genes are involved in the development and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that blocking the FOXP3/Gal-1 interaction restores the tumor-suppressive properties of FOXP3 in breast cancer cells. Finally, we observed that the nuclear abundance of Gal-1 was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. In addition, we identified that the acidic extracellular microenvironment in breast cancer tissues causes Gal-1 to accumulate in the nucleus. Altogether, nuclear Gal-1 interferes with the binding of FOXP3 to DNA by interacting with the FKH domain of FOXP3, and it indicates a possible mechanism for the loss of the tumor-suppressive properties of FOXP3 in wild-type FOXP3-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Systems Biology represents nowadays a promising standard framework for natural and human sciences to attack complicated problems involving Life. Here a particular application of such a program is discussed in the case of Cancer, by using a basic toy model for solid tumor spread for framing together two apparently different conceptual leading paradigms of Oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cherubini
- Unit of Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
- International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics-I.C.R.A, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Filippi
- Unit of Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics-I.C.R.A, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Loppini
- Unit of Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moore D, Walker SI, Levin M. Cancer as a disorder of patterning information: computational and biophysical perspectives on the cancer problem. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Sigston EAW, Williams BRG. An Emergence Framework of Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:198. [PMID: 28959682 PMCID: PMC5603758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental paradigms provide the framework for the understanding of cancer, and drive research and treatment, but are rarely considered by clinicians. The somatic mutation theory (SMT), in which cancer is considered a genetic disease, has been the predominant traditional model of cancer for over 50 years. More recently, alternative theories have been proposed, such as tissue organization field theory (TOFT), evolutionary models, and inflammatory models. Key concepts within the various models have led to them being difficult to reconcile. Progressively, it has been recognized that biological systems cannot be fully explained by the physicochemical properties of their constituent parts. There is an increasing call for a 'systems' approach. Incorporating the concepts of 'emergence', 'systems', 'thermodynamics', and 'chaos', a single integrated framework for carcinogenesis has been developed, enabling existing theories to become compatible as alternative mechanisms, facilitating the integration of bioinformatics and providing a structure in which translational research can flow from both 'benchtop to bedside' and 'bedside to benchtop'. In this review, a basic understanding of the key concepts of 'emergence', 'systems', 'system levels', 'complexity', 'thermodynamics', 'entropy', 'chaos', and 'fractals' is provided. Non-linear mathematical equations are included where possible to demonstrate compatibility with bioinformatics. Twelve principles that define the 'emergence framework of carcinogenesis' are developed, with principles 1-10 encapsulating the key concepts upon which the framework is built and their application to carcinogenesis. Principle 11 relates the framework to cancer progression. Principle 12 relates to the application of the framework to translational research. The 'emergence framework of carcinogenesis' collates current paradigms, concepts, and evidence around carcinogenesis into a single framework that incorporates previously incompatible viewpoints and ideas. Any researcher, scientist, or clinician involved in research, treatment, or prevention of cancer can employ this framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Sigston
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lohrer MF, Hanna DM, Liu Y, Wang KH, Liu FT, Laurence TA, Liu GY. Applying Pattern Recognition to High-Resolution Images to Determine Cellular Signaling Status. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017; 16:438-446. [PMID: 28644811 PMCID: PMC5633003 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2717871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two frequently used tools to acquire high- resolution images of cells are scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The former provides a nanometer resolution view of cellular features rapidly and with high throughput, while the latter enables visualizing hydrated and living cells. In current practice, these images are viewed by eye to determine cellular status, e.g., activated versus resting. Automatic and quantitative data analysis is lacking. This paper develops an algorithm of pattern recognition that works very effectively for AFM and SEM images. Using rat basophilic leukemia cells, our approach creates a support vector machine to automatically classify resting and activated cells. Ten-fold cross-validation with cells that are known to be activated or resting gives a good estimate of the generalized classification results. The pattern recognition of AFM images achieves 100% accuracy, while SEM reaches 95.4% for our images as well as images published in prior literature. This outcome suggests that our methodology could become an important and frequently used tool for researchers utilizing AFM and SEM for structural characterization as well as determining cellular signaling status and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Lohrer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester MI 48309, USA
| | - Darrin M. Hanna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester MI 48309, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ted A. Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maerten C, Jierry L, Schaaf P, Boulmedais F. Review of Electrochemically Triggered Macromolecular Film Buildup Processes and Their Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28117-28138. [PMID: 28762716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular coatings play an important role in many technological areas, ranging from the car industry to biosensors. Among the different coating technologies, electrochemically triggered processes are extremely powerful because they allow in particular spatial confinement of the film buildup up to the micrometer scale on microelectrodes. Here, we review the latest advances in the field of electrochemically triggered macromolecular film buildup processes performed in aqueous solutions. All these processes will be discussed and related to their several applications such as corrosion prevention, biosensors, antimicrobial coatings, drug-release, barrier properties and cell encapsulation. Special emphasis will be put on applications in the rapidly growing field of biosensors. Using polymers or proteins, the electrochemical buildup of the films can result from a local change of macromolecules solubility, self-assembly of polyelectrolytes through electrostatic/ionic interactions or covalent cross-linking between different macromolecules. The assembly process can be in one step or performed step-by-step based on an electrical trigger affecting directly the interacting macromolecules or generating ionic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Maerten
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22 , 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22 , 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22 , 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- INSERM, Unité 1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering" , 11 rue Humann, F-67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), and Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace (FMNA), Université de Strasbourg , 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study , 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22 , 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study , 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
García-Morales V, Manzanares JA, Mafe S. Weakly coupled map lattice models for multicellular patterning and collective normalization of abnormal single-cell states. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:042324. [PMID: 28505740 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.042324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a weakly coupled map lattice model for patterning that explores the effects exerted by weakening the local dynamic rules on model biological and artificial networks composed of two-state building blocks (cells). To this end, we use two cellular automata models based on (i) a smooth majority rule (model I) and (ii) a set of rules similar to those of Conway's Game of Life (model II). The normal and abnormal cell states evolve according to local rules that are modulated by a parameter κ. This parameter quantifies the effective weakening of the prescribed rules due to the limited coupling of each cell to its neighborhood and can be experimentally controlled by appropriate external agents. The emergent spatiotemporal maps of single-cell states should be of significance for positional information processes as well as for intercellular communication in tumorigenesis, where the collective normalization of abnormal single-cell states by a predominantly normal neighborhood may be crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir García-Morales
- Departamento de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José A Manzanares
- Departamento de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departamento de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
A fibroinflammatory stromal reaction cooperates with oncogenic signaling to influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) initiation, progression, and therapeutic outcome, yet the mechanistic underpinning of this crosstalk remains poorly understood. Here we show that stromal cues elicit an adaptive response in the cancer cell including the rapid mobilization of a transcriptional network implicated in accelerated growth, along with anabolic changes of an altered metabolome. The close overlap of stroma-induced changes in vitro with those previously shown to be regulated by oncogenic Kras in vivo suggests that oncogenic Kras signaling-a hallmark and key driver of PDAC-is contingent on stromal inputs. Mechanistically, stroma-activated cancer cells show widespread increases in histone acetylation at transcriptionally enhanced genes, implicating the PDAC epigenome as a presumptive point of convergence between these pathways and a potential therapeutic target. Notably, inhibition of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers, and of Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) in particular, blocks stroma-inducible transcriptional regulation in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. Our work suggests the existence of a molecular "AND-gate" such that tumor activation is the consequence of mutant Kras and stromal cues, providing insight into the role of the tumor microenvironment in the origin and treatment of Ras-driven tumors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Shang C. Where have the organizers gone? – The growth control system as a foundation of physiology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 123:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
17
|
Huang C, Liu H, Gong XL, Wu L, Wen B. Expression of DNA methyltransferases and target microRNAs in human tissue samples related to sporadic colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2705-2714. [PMID: 27666771 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironment functions as a pivotal mediator in colorectal carcinogenesis, and its alteration can cause some important cellular responses including epigenetic events. The present study examined histologically altered tissue structure, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and their corresponding expression of target microRNAs (miRNA). Tissues resected by surgery were from primary colorectal carcinoma. These samples were from three locations: and were ≥10, 5 and ≤2 cm away from the proximal lesion of colon cancer, and marked as no. 1, no. 2 and no. 3, respectively. Histological alteration was assessed by H&E staining, expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, microarray chip was used to screen distinguishable miRNAs and miRNAs targeting DNMTs whose validation assay was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results revealed that normal crypt structure was shown in no. 1, while many aberrant crypt foci appeared in no. 3. Significant upregulation of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B expression was found in para-carcinoma tissues, compared with the histopathologically unchanged tissues (P<0.05), furthermore, distinguishable expression profiling was observed of target miRNAs in tissues with different distance. Our results provide additional insights for future research of colorectal carcinogenesis by introducing the tissue microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Gong
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Wu
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bizzarri M, Cucina A. SMT and TOFT: Why and How They are Opposite and Incompatible Paradigms. Acta Biotheor 2016; 64:221-39. [PMID: 27283400 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-016-9281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT) has been challenged on its fundamentals by the Tissue Organization Field Theory of Carcinogenesis (TOFT). However, a recent publication has questioned whether TOFT could be a valid alternative theory of carcinogenesis to that presented by SMT. Herein we critically review arguments supporting the irreducible opposition between the two theoretical approaches by highlighting differences regarding the philosophical, methodological and experimental approaches on which they respectively rely. We conclude that SMT has not explained carcinogenesis due to severe epistemological and empirical shortcomings, while TOFT is gaining momentum. The main issue is actually to submit SMT to rigorous testing. This concern includes the imperatives to seek evidence for disproving one's hypothesis, and to consider the whole, and not just selective evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szynglarewicz B, Kasprzak P, Donizy P, Biecek P, Halon A, Matkowski R. Ductal carcinoma in situ on stereotactic biopsy of suspicious breast microcalcifications: Expression of SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) can predict postoperative invasion. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:548-556. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kasprzak
- Department of Breast Imaging; Lower Silesia Oncology Center; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Breast Unit; Department of Surgical Oncology; Lower Silesia Oncology Center; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Oncology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Elisa Cora
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lima CR, Geraldo MV, Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET, Santos MF. MiRNA-146b-5p upregulates migration and invasion of different Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:108. [PMID: 26883911 PMCID: PMC4754828 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor invasiveness is directly related to the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues, usually degrading extracellular matrix. Despite significant progress in the knowledge about migration and invasion, there is much more to elucidate about their regulatory mechanisms, especially in cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) were recently described as important regulators of migration. Differential expression of miRs in cancer is frequently associated with progression, invasion and metastasis. In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), miR-146b-5p is highly expressed and positively correlated to the degree of malignancy. Methods This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146b-5p on the migratory and invasive behaviors of thyroid cells, using a non tumor rat thyroid follicular cell line (PCCl3) transfected with the miR-146b-5p genomic region, and two PTC cell lines (TPC-1 and BCPAP, bearing distinct oncogenic backgrounds), which express high levels of miR-146b-5p, after miR-146b inhibition by antagomiR and miR-146b overexpression by mimics-miR. Migration and invasion were studied by time-lapse and transwell assays (with and without Matrigel®). Gelatin degradation assays were also employed, as well as F-actin staining. Results Migration and invasion of PCCl3 were increased 2-3x after miR-146b-5p overexpression (10X) and large lamellipodia were evident in those cells. After miR-146b-5p inhibition, TPC-1 and BCPAP migration and invasion were significantly reduced, with cells showing several simultaneous processes and low polarity. Gelatin degradation was inhibited in TPC-1 cells after inhibition of miR-146b-5p, but was unaffected in BCPAP cells, which did not degrade gelatin. The inhibition of miR-146b-5p in PCCl3 also inhibited migration and invasion, and additional (exogenous) overexpression of this miR in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells increased migration and invasion, without effects on cell morphology or gelatin degradation. The overexpression of SMAD4 in BCPAP cells, a validated target of miR-146b-5p and key protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, inhibited migration similarly to the effects observed with the antagomiR 146b-5p. Conclusions miR-146b-5p positively regulates migration and invasion of thyroid normal and tumor follicular cells (independently from their original mutation, either BRAF or RET/PTC), through a mechanism that involves the actin cytoskeleton but not an increased capacity of matrix degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2146-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cilene Rebouças Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Vieira Geraldo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marinilce Fagundes Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin NY, Distler A, Beyer C, Philipi-Schöbinger A, Breda S, Dees C, Stock M, Tomcik M, Niemeier A, Dell'Accio F, Gelse K, Mattson MP, Schett G, Distler JH. Inhibition of Notch1 promotes hedgehog signalling in a HES1-dependent manner in chondrocytes and exacerbates experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2037-2044. [PMID: 26851274 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Notch ligands and receptors have recently been shown to be differentially expressed in osteoarthritis (OA). We aim to further elucidate the functional role of Notch signalling in OA using Notch1 antisense transgenic (Notch1 AS) mice. METHODS Notch and hedgehog signalling were analysed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Notch-1 AS mice were employed as a model of impaired Notch signalling in vivo. Experimental OA was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM). The extent of cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation was analysed by safranin-O staining with subsequent assessment of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Mankin scores and µCT scanning. Collagen X staining was used as a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The role of hairy/enhancer of split 1 (Hes-1) was investigated with knockdown and overexpression experiments. RESULTS Notch signalling was activated in human and murine OA with increased expression of Jagged1, Notch-1, accumulation of the Notch intracellular domain 1 and increased transcription of Hes-1. Notch1 AS mice showed exacerbated OA with increases in OARSI scores, osteophyte formation, increased subchondral bone plate density, collagen X and osteocalcin expression and elevated levels of Epas1 and ADAM-TS5 mRNA. Inhibition of the Notch pathway induced activation of hedgehog signalling with induction of Gli-1 and Gli-2 and increased transcription of hedgehog target genes. The regulatory effects of Notch signalling on Gli-expression were mimicked by Hes-1. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Notch signalling activates hedgehog signalling, enhances chondrocyte hypertrophy and exacerbates experimental OA including osteophyte formation. These data suggest that the activation of the Notch pathway may limit aberrant hedgehog signalling in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfiya Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariella Philipi-Schöbinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Breda
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Division of Rheumatology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stock
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michal Tomcik
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Niemeier
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kolja Gelse
- Division of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hw Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cervera J, Alcaraz A, Mafe S. Bioelectrical Signals and Ion Channels in the Modeling of Multicellular Patterns and Cancer Biophysics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20403. [PMID: 26841954 PMCID: PMC4740742 DOI: 10.1038/srep20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical signals and ion channels are central to spatial patterns in cell ensembles, a problem of fundamental interest in positional information and cancer processes. We propose a model for electrically connected cells based on simple biological concepts: i) the membrane potential of a single cell characterizes its electrical state; ii) the long-range electrical coupling of the multicellular ensemble is realized by a network of gap junction channels between neighboring cells; and iii) the spatial distribution of an external biochemical agent can modify the conductances of the ion channels in a cell membrane and the multicellular electrical state. We focus on electrical effects in small multicellular ensembles, ignoring slow diffusional processes. The spatio-temporal patterns obtained for the local map of cell electric potentials illustrate the normalization of regions with abnormal cell electrical states. The effects of intercellular coupling and blocking of specific channels on the electrical patterns are described. These patterns can regulate the electrically-induced redistribution of charged nanoparticles over small regions of a model tissue. The inclusion of bioelectrical signals provides new insights for the modeling of cancer biophysics because collective multicellular states show electrical coupling mechanisms that are not readily deduced from biochemical descriptions at the individual cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Dept. de Física, Laboratori de Biofísica Molecular, Universitat “Jaume I”, E-12080 Castelló, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maerten C, Garnier T, Lupattelli P, Chau NTT, Schaaf P, Jierry L, Boulmedais F. Morphogen Electrochemically Triggered Self-Construction of Polymeric Films Based on Mussel-Inspired Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13385-13393. [PMID: 26575431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the strong chemical adhesion mechanism of mussels, we designed a catechol-based electrochemically triggered self-assembly of films based on ethylene glycol molecules bearing catechol groups on both sides and denoted as bis-catechol molecules. These molecules play the role of morphogens and, in contrast to previously investigated systems, they are also one of the constituents, after reaction, of the film. Unable to interact together, commercially available poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains and bis-catechol molecules are mixed in an aqueous solution and brought in contact with an electrode. By application of defined potential cycles, bis-catechol molecules undergo oxidation leading to molecules bearing "reactive" quinone groups which diffuse toward the solution. In this active state, the quinones react with amino groups of PAH through Michael addition and Schiff's base condensation reaction. The application of cyclic voltammetry (CV) between 0 and 500 mV (vs Ag/AgCl, scan rate of 50 mV/s) of a PAH/bis-catechol solution results in a fast self-construction of a film that reaches a thickness of 40 nm after 60 min. The films present a spiky structure which is attributed to the use of bis-functionalized molecules as one component of the films. XPS measurements show the presence of both PAH and bis-catechol cross-linked together in a covalent way. We show that the amine/catechol ratio is an important parameter which governs the film buildup. For a given amine/catechol ratio, it does exist an optimum CV scan rate leading to a maximum of the film thickness as a function of the scan rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Maerten
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Tony Garnier
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Paolo Lupattelli
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata , Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nguyet Trang Thanh Chau
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Université de Strasbourg , Ecole de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg , Institute of Advanced Study, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 Rue Saint Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France , 3 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Université de Strasbourg , Ecole de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg , Institute of Advanced Study, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- University of Strasbourg , Institute of Advanced Study, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Poynter JN, Bestrashniy JRBM, Silverstein KAT, Hooten AJ, Lees C, Ross JA, Tolar J. Cross platform analysis of methylation, miRNA and stem cell gene expression data in germ cell tumors highlights characteristic differences by tumor histology. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:769. [PMID: 26497383 PMCID: PMC4619074 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in methylation patterns, miRNA expression, and stem cell protein expression occur in germ cell tumors (GCTs). Our goal is to integrate molecular data across platforms to identify molecular signatures in the three main histologic subtypes of Type I and Type II GCTs (yolk sac tumor (YST), germinoma, and teratoma). Methods We included 39 GCTs and 7 paired adjacent tissue samples in the current analysis. Molecular data available for analysis include DNA methylation data (Illumina GoldenGate Cancer Methylation Panel I), miRNA expression (NanoString nCounter miRNA platform), and stem cell factor expression (SABiosciences Human Embryonic Stem Cell Array). We evaluated the cross platform correlations of the data features using the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC). Results In analyses of individual datasets, differences were observed by tumor histology. Germinomas had higher expression of transcription factors maintaining stemness, while YSTs had higher expression of cytokines, endoderm and endothelial markers. We also observed differences in miRNA expression, with miR-371-5p, miR-122, miR-302a, miR-302d, and miR-373 showing elevated expression in one or more histologic subtypes. Using the MIC, we identified correlations across the data features, including six major hubs with higher expression in YST (LEFTY1, LEFTY2, miR302b, miR302a, miR 126, and miR 122) compared with other GCT. Conclusions While prognosis for GCTs is overall favorable, many patients experience resistance to chemotherapy, relapse and/or long term adverse health effects following treatment. Targeted therapies, based on integrated analyses of molecular tumor data such as that presented here, may provide a way to secure high cure rates while reducing unintended health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny N Poynter
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Corresponding address: 420 Delaware St SE MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Jessica R B M Bestrashniy
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Kevin A T Silverstein
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Anthony J Hooten
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Christopher Lees
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Julie A Ross
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dochter A, Garnier T, Pardieu E, Chau NTT, Maerten C, Senger B, Schaaf P, Jierry L, Boulmedais F. Film Self-Assembly of Oppositely Charged Macromolecules Triggered by Electrochemistry through a Morphogenic Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10208-10214. [PMID: 26322650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of new surface functionalization methods that are easy to use, versatile, and allow local deposition represents a real scientific challenge. Overcoming this challenge, we present here a one-pot process that consists in self-assembling, by electrochemistry on an electrode, films made of oppositely charged macromolecules. This method relies on a charge-shifting polyanion, dimethylmaleic-modified poly(allylamine) (PAHd), that undergoes hydrolysis at acidic pH, leading to an overall switching of its charge. When a mixture of the two polyanions, PAHd and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), is placed in contact with an electrode, where the pH is decreased locally by electrochemistry, the transformation of PAHd into a polycation (PAH) leads to the continuous self-assembly of a nanometric PAH/PSS film by electrostatic interactions. The pH decrease is obtained by the electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone, which produces protons locally over nanometric distances. Using a negatively charged enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (AP), instead of PSS, this one-pot process allows the creation of enzymatically active films. Under mild conditions, self-assembled PAH/AP films have an enzymatic activity which is adjustable simply by controlling the self-assembly time. The selective functionalization of microelectrode arrays by PAH/AP was achieved, opening the route toward miniaturized biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dochter
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tony Garnier
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Pardieu
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nguyet Trang Thanh Chau
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clément Maerten
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Senger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, Strasbourg, France
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France , Paris, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, Strasbourg, France
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS) , Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Institut Charles Sadron , UPR 22, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS) , Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Casey SC, Vaccari M, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Brown DG, Chapellier M, Christopher J, Curran CS, Forte S, Hamid RA, Heneberg P, Koch DC, Krishnakumar PK, Laconi E, Maguer-Satta V, Marongiu F, Memeo L, Mondello C, Raju J, Roman J, Roy R, Ryan EP, Ryeom S, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Soucek L, Vermeulen L, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Bisson WH, Felsher DW. The effect of environmental chemicals on the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S160-83. [PMID: 26106136 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially carcinogenic compounds may cause cancer through direct DNA damage or through indirect cellular or physiological effects. To study possible carcinogens, the fields of endocrinology, genetics, epigenetics, medicine, environmental health, toxicology, pharmacology and oncology must be considered. Disruptive chemicals may also contribute to multiple stages of tumor development through effects on the tumor microenvironment. In turn, the tumor microenvironment consists of a complex interaction among blood vessels that feed the tumor, the extracellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support, signaling molecules that send messages and soluble factors such as cytokines. The tumor microenvironment also consists of many host cellular effectors including multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cell precursors, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes and innate immune cells. Carcinogens can influence the tumor microenvironment through effects on epithelial cells, the most common origin of cancer, as well as on stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cells. Here, we review how environmental exposures can perturb the tumor microenvironment. We suggest a role for disrupting chemicals such as nickel chloride, Bisphenol A, butyltins, methylmercury and paraquat as well as more traditional carcinogens, such as radiation, and pharmaceuticals, such as diabetes medications, in the disruption of the tumor microenvironment. Further studies interrogating the role of chemicals and their mixtures in dose-dependent effects on the tumor microenvironment could have important general mechanistic implications for the etiology and prevention of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Christopher
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Colleen S Curran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, and
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shen H, Zhao S, Xu Z, Zhu L, Han Y, Ye J. Evodiamine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:367-371. [PMID: 26171032 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of evodiamine on the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells was studied in order to assess its antitumor effects and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. SGC7901 gastric cancer cells were treated with evodiamine at various concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 µmol/l) for 24 h. Inhibition of the proliferation of SGC7901 cells was assessed using an MTT assay. The morphology of treated SGC7901 cells was observed using optical microscopy; in addition, the effect of evodiamine on the nuclear morphology of cells was analyzed using Hoechst 33258 staining with fluorescence microscopy. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis were used for investigating the effect of evodiamine on the induction of apoptosis in SGC7901 cells. Expression levels of survivin and caspase-3 were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that evodiamine significantly inhibited SGC7901 cell proliferation (P<0.05) and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Morphological characteristics of apoptosis were confirmed using optical microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining analysis indicated that evodiamine treatment resulted in the typical characteristics of apoptotic programmed cell death, including cell shrinkage and apoptotic body formation. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that evodiamine induced the dose-dependent apoptosis of SGC7901 cells. Messenger (m)RNA levels of survivin decreased and those of caspase-3 increase in a dose-dependent manner in SGC7901 cells treated with various concentrations of evodiamine for 24 h. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that evodiamine inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via the downregulation of survivin and upregulation of caspase-3 mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber, The Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thomas SS, Makar KW, Li L, Zheng Y, Yang P, Levy L, Rudolph RY, Lampe PD, Yan M, Markowitz SD, Bigler J, Lampe JW, Potter JD. Tissue-specific patterns of gene expression in the epithelium and stroma of normal colon in healthy individuals in an aspirin intervention trial. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:18. [PMID: 25927723 PMCID: PMC4422425 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Regular aspirin use reduces colon adenoma and carcinoma incidence. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) are involved in aspirin metabolism and clearance, and variant alleles in UGT1A6 have been shown to alter salicylic acid metabolism and risk of colon neoplasia. Methods In a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial of 44 healthy men and women, homozygous for UGT1A6*1 or UGT1A6*2, we explored differences between global epithelial and stromal expression, using Affymetrix U133 + 2.0 microarrays and tested effects of 60-day aspirin supplementation (325 mg/d) on epithelial and stromal gene expression and colon prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Results No statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed in response to aspirin or UGT1A6 genotype, but tissue PGE2 levels were lower with aspirin compared to placebo (p <0.001). Transcripts differentially expressed between epithelium and stroma (N = 4916, P <0.01, false discovery rate <0.001), included a high proportion of genes involved in cell signaling, cellular movement, and cancer. Genes preferentially expressed in epithelium were involved in drug and xenobiotic metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, apoptosis signaling, and ion transport. Genes preferentially expressed in stroma included those involved in inflammation, cellular adhesion, and extracellular matrix production. Wnt-Tcf4 pathway genes were expressed in both epithelium and stroma but differed by subcellular location. Conclusions These results suggest that, in healthy individuals, subtle effects of aspirin on gene expression in normal colon tissue are likely overwhelmed by inter-individual variability in microarray analyses. Differential expression of critical genes between colonic epithelium and stroma suggest that these tissue types need to be considered separately. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0161-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma S Thomas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Karen W Makar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Lin Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Peiying Yang
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lisa Levy
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | | | - Paul D Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Min Yan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 44106, USA.
| | | | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - John D Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chernet BT, Levin M. Transmembrane voltage potential of somatic cells controls oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis at long-range. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3287-306. [PMID: 24830454 PMCID: PMC4102810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a crucial aspect of cancer. In contrast and complement to the field's focus on biochemical factors and extracellular matrix, we characterize a novel aspect of host:tumor interaction - endogenous bioelectric signals among non-excitable somatic cells. Extending prior work focused on the bioelectric state of cancer cells themselves, we show for the first time that the resting potentials of distant cells are critical for oncogene-dependent tumorigenesis. In the Xenopus laevis tadpole model, we used human oncogenes such as mutant KRAS to drive formation of tumor-like structures that exhibited overproliferation, increased nuclear size, hypoxia, acidity, and leukocyte attraction. Remarkably, misexpression of hyperpolarizing ion channels at distant sites within the tadpole significantly reduced the incidence of these tumors. The suppression of tumorigenesis could also be achieved by hyperpolarization using native CLIC1 chloride channels, suggesting a treatment modality not requiring gene therapy. Using a dominant negative approach, we implicate HDAC1 as the mechanism by which resting potential changes affect downstream cell behaviors. Based on published data on the voltage-mediated changes of butyrate flux through the SLC5A8 transporter, we present a model linking resting potentials of host cells to the ability of oncogenes to initiate tumorigenesis. Antibiotic data suggest that the relevant butyrate is generated by a native bacterial species, identifying a novel link between the microbiome and cancer that is mediated by alterations in bioelectric signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brook T Chernet
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Avenue,Suite 4600 Medford, MA 02155 U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garnier T, Dochter A, Chau NTT, Schaaf P, Jierry L, Boulmedais F. Surface confined self-assembly of polyampholytes generated from charge-shifting polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14092-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyampholyte-based films can be efficiently self-assembled onto a surface in a one-pot manner by using a charge-shifting polyelectrolyte transformed into a polyampholyte by an electrogenerated gradient of protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Garnier
- Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - A. Dochter
- INSERM
- UMR-S 1121
- 67085 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - N. T. T. Chau
- Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - P. Schaaf
- Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
- INSERM
- UMR-S 1121
| | - L. Jierry
- Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
- icFRC
- 67083 Strasbourg
| | - F. Boulmedais
- Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
- icFRC
- 67083 Strasbourg
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The standard viewpoint that cancer is a genetic disease is often stated as a fact rather than a theory. By not acknowledging that it is a theory, namely the Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT), researchers are limiting their progress. An attractive alternative to SMT is the tissue organization field theory (TOFT), which is summarized as "development gone awry." To initiate a kerfuffle, I discuss the interpretation of various results under both TOFT and SMT, including recurrent mutations, hereditary cancers, induction of tumors in transgenic experiments, remission of tumors following the inhibition of enzymes activated by mutated genes, nongenotoxic carcinogens, denervation experiments, foreign-body carcinogenesis, transplantation experiments, and tumors with zero mutations. Thinking in terms of TOFT can spur new lines of research; examples are given related to the early detection of cancer.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tyler SEB. The Work Surfaces of Morphogenesis: The Role of the Morphogenetic Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13752-014-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Benedetto A, Accetta G, Fujita Y, Charras G. Spatiotemporal control of gene expression using microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1336-1347. [PMID: 24531367 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate spatiotemporal regulation of genetic expression and cell microenvironment are both essential to epithelial morphogenesis during development, wound healing and cancer. In vivo, this is achieved through the interplay between intrinsic cellular properties and extrinsic signals. Amongst these, morphogen gradients induce specific concentration- and time-dependent gene expression changes that influence a target cell's fate. As systems biology attempts to understand the complex mechanisms underlying morphogenesis, the lack of experimental setup to recapitulate morphogen-induced patterning in vitro has become limiting. For this reason, we developed a versatile microfluidic-based platform to control the spatiotemporal delivery of chemical gradients to tissues grown in Petri dishes. Using this setup combined with a synthetic inducible gene expression system, we were able to restrict a target gene's expression within a confluent epithelium to bands of cells as narrow as four cell diameters with a one cell diameter accuracy. Applied to the targeted delivery of growth factor gradients to a confluent epithelium, this method further enabled the localized induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and associated morphogenetic changes. Our approach paves the way for replicating in vitro the morphogen gradients observed in vivo to determine the relative contributions of known intrinsic and extrinsic factors in differential tissue patterning, during development and cancer. It could also be readily used to spatiotemporally control cell differentiation in ES/iPS cell cultures for re-engineering of complex tissues. Finally, the reversibility of the microfluidic chip assembly allows for pre- and post-treatment sample manipulations and extends the range of patternable samples to animal explants.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dotto GP. Multifocal epithelial tumors and field cancerization: stroma as a primary determinant. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1446-53. [PMID: 24691479 DOI: 10.1172/jci72589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cancer results from altered organ homeostasis rather than from deregulated control of single cells or groups of cells. This applies especially to epithelial cancer, the most common form of human solid tumors and a major cause of cancer lethality. In the vast majority of cases, in situ epithelial cancer lesions do not progress into malignancy, even if they harbor many of the genetic changes found in invasive and metastatic tumors. While changes in tumor stroma are frequently viewed as secondary to changes in the epithelium, recent evidence indicates that they can play a primary role in both cancer progression and initiation. These processes may explain the phenomenon of field cancerization, i.e., the occurrence of multifocal and recurrent epithelial tumors that are preceded by and associated with widespread changes of surrounding tissue or organ "fields."
Collapse
|
36
|
Zappalà G, McDonald PG, Cole SW. Tumor dormancy and the neuroendocrine system: an undisclosed connection? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:189-200. [PMID: 23090259 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor dormancy is a poorly understood phenomenon conceptualized as a protracted quiescent state during which cancer cells are present but clinical disease is not apparent, a condition referred to as "cancer without disease" by Folkman. Examples include the incidental detection of occult in situ tumors in post-mortem organ analysis and cancer recurrence after long disease-free periods. Lack of angiogenic competency has been proposed as a major determinant of the fate of dormant tumors. Other proposed processes include establishment of homeostatic equilibrium between tumor cells and the host's immune system response and a non-permissive microenvironment for tumor growth. Recent cellular and molecular studies suggest that neuroendocrine mediators regulate the biology of tumor progression and act as endogenous modulators of angiogenesis, inflammation, and other molecular processes involved in tumor reactivation from dormancy. We review experimental and clinical evidence and propose that neuroendocrine dynamics of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might contribute to the loss of tumor dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zappalà
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosenfeld S. Are the somatic mutation and tissue organization field theories of carcinogenesis incompatible? Cancer Inform 2013; 12:221-9. [PMID: 24324325 PMCID: PMC3855256 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two drastically different approaches to understanding the forces driving carcinogenesis have crystallized through years of research. These are the somatic mutation theory (SMT) and the tissue organization field theory (TOFT). The essence of SMT is that cancer is derived from a single somatic cell that has successively accumulated multiple DNA mutations, and that those mutations occur on genes which control cell proliferation and cell cycle. Thus, according to SMT, neoplastic lesions are the results of DNA-level events. Conversely, according to TOFT, carcinogenesis is primarily a problem of tissue organization: carcinogenic agents destroy the normal tissue architecture thus disrupting cell-to-cell signaling and compromising genomic integrity. Hence, in TOFT the DNA mutations are the effect, and not the cause, of the tissue-level events. Cardinal importance of successful resolution of the TOFT versus SMT controversy dwells in the fact that, according to SMT, cancer is a unidirectional and mostly irreversible disease; whereas, according to TOFT, it is curable and reversible. In this paper, our goal is to outline a plausible scenario in which TOFT and SMT can be reconciled using the framework and concepts of the self-organized criticality (SOC), the principle proven to be extremely fruitful in a wide range of disciplines pertaining to natural phenomena, to biological communities, to large-scale social developments, to technological networks, and to many other subjects of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rosenfeld
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The age-related epithelial cancers of the breast, colorectum and prostate are the most prevalent and are increasing in our aging populations. Epithelial cells turnover rapidly and mutations naturally accumulate throughout life. Most epithelial cancers arise from this normal mutation rate. All elderly individuals will harbour many cells with the requisite mutations and most will develop occult neoplastic lesions. Although essential for initiation, these mutations are not sufficient for the progression of cancer to a life-threatening disease. This progression appears to be dependent on context: the tissue ecosystem within individuals and lifestyle exposures across populations of individuals. Together, this implies that the seeds may be plentiful but they only germinate in the right soil. The incidence of these cancers is much lower in Eastern countries but is increasing with Westernisation and increases more acutely in migrants to the West. A Western lifestyle is strongly associated with perturbed metabolism, as evidenced by the epidemics of obesity and diabetes: this may also provide the setting enabling the progression of epithelial cancers. Epidemiology has indicated that metabolic biomarkers are prospectively associated with cancer incidence and prognosis. Furthermore, within cancer research, there has been a rediscovery that a switch in cell metabolism is critical for cancer progression but this is set within the metabolic status of the host. The seed may only germinate if the soil is fertile. This perspective brings together the different avenues of investigation implicating the role that metabolism may play within the context of post-genomic concepts of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M P Holly
- School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang WY, Hsu CC, Wang TY, Li CR, Hou YC, Chu JM, Lee CT, Liu MS, Su JJM, Jian KY, Huang SS, Jiang SS, Shan YS, Lin PW, Shen YY, Lee MTL, Chan TS, Chang CC, Chen CH, Chang IS, Lee YL, Chen LT, Tsai KK. A gene expression signature of epithelial tubulogenesis and a role for ASPM in pancreatic tumor progression. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:1110-20. [PMID: 23896173 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develop recurrent or metastatic diseases after surgery, so it is important to identify those most likely to benefit from aggressive therapy. Disruption of tissue microarchitecture is an early step in pancreatic tumorigenesis and a parameter used in pathology grading of glandular tumors. We investigated whether changes in gene expression during pancreatic epithelial morphogenesis were associated with outcomes of patients with PDAC after surgery. METHODS We generated architectures of human pancreatic duct epithelial cells in a 3-dimensional basement membrane matrix. We identified gene expression profiles of the cells during different stages of tubular morphogenesis (tubulogenesis) and of PANC-1 cells during spheroid formation. Differential expression of genes was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. We compared the gene expression profile associated with pancreatic epithelial tubulogenesis with that of PDAC samples from 27 patients, as well as with their outcomes after surgery. RESULTS We identified a gene expression profile associated with tubulogenesis that resembled the profile of human pancreatic tissue with differentiated morphology and exocrine function. Patients with PDACs with this profile fared well after surgery. Based on this profile, we established a 6-28 gene tubulogenesis-specific signature that accurately determined the prognosis of independent cohorts of patients with PDAC (total n = 128; accuracy = 81.2%-95.0%). One gene, ASPM, was down-regulated during tubulogenesis but up-regulated in human PDAC cell lines and tumor samples; up-regulation correlated with patient outcomes (Cox regression P = .0028). Bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, functional, and clinical correlative studies showed that ASPM promotes aggressiveness of PDAC by maintaining Wnt-β-catenin signaling and stem cell features of PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified a gene expression profile associated with pancreatic epithelial tubulogenesis and a tissue architecture-specific signature of PDAC cells that is associated with patient outcomes after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Wang
- Laboratory for Tumor Epigenetics and Stemness, National Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Center for Glandular Malignancies, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun X, Gierach GL, Sandhu R, Williams T, Midkiff BR, Lissowska J, Wesolowska E, Boyd NF, Johnson NB, Figueroa JD, Sherman ME, Troester MA. Relationship of mammographic density and gene expression: analysis of normal breast tissue surrounding breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4972-4982. [PMID: 23918601 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies of breast tissue gene expression have shown that the extratumoral microenvironment has substantial variability across individuals, some of which can be attributed to epidemiologic factors. To evaluate how mammographic density and breast tissue composition relate to extratumoral microenvironment gene expression, we used data on 121 patients with breast cancer from the population-based Polish Women's Breast Cancer Study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Breast cancer cases were classified on the basis of a previously reported, biologically defined extratumoral gene expression signature with two subtypes: an Active subtype, which is associated with high expression of genes related to fibrosis and wound response, and an Inactive subtype, which has high expression of cellular adhesion genes. Mammographic density of the contralateral breast was assessed using pretreatment mammograms and a quantitative, reliable computer-assisted thresholding method. Breast tissue composition was evaluated on the basis of digital image analysis of tissue sections. RESULTS The Inactive extratumoral subtype was associated with significantly higher percentage mammographic density (PD) and dense area (DA) in univariate analysis (PD: P = 0.001; DA: P = 0.049) and in multivariable analyses adjusted for age and body mass index (PD: P = 0.004; DA: P = 0.049). Inactive/higher mammographic density tissue was characterized by a significantly higher percentage of stroma and a significantly lower percentage of adipose tissue, with no significant change in epithelial content. Analysis of published gene expression signatures suggested that Inactive/higher mammographic density tissue expressed increased estrogen response and decreased TGF-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS By linking novel molecular phenotypes with mammographic density, our results indicate that mammographic density reflects broad transcriptional changes, including changes in both epithelia- and stroma-derived signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rupninder Sandhu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tyisha Williams
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bentley R Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wesolowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norman F Boyd
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole B Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Backman V, Roy HK. Advances in biophotonics detection of field carcinogenesis for colon cancer risk stratification. J Cancer 2013; 4:251-61. [PMID: 23459690 PMCID: PMC3584838 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of neoplastic transformation of the colon involves a progression through hyperproliferative epithelium through the aberrant crypt foci→small adenoma→large adenoma→invasive cancer→metastatic disease. These are orchestrated by sequential genetic and epigenetic events which provide the underpinnings of cellular alterations such as early induction in proliferation/suppression of apoptosis, along with the late stage increase in invasiveness. Colorectal cancer (CRC) averages 49-111 mutations per tumor encompassing 10-15 critical signaling pathways[1]. Accumulating such a high number of mutations requires a fertile mutational field, which is the hallmark of colon carcinogenesis. While genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer is well-known, at least half of the risk is believed to be due to exogeneous factors (e.g., obesity, diet, exercise). Understanding these risk factors represents a promising mode of tailoring screening modality and intensity. However, previous attempts using these factors (i.e., NCI risk calculator) have only been modestly successful with an area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of just 0.61. One of the most important concepts is that risk is the interaction between these genetic and environmental components and is driven by the variety of polymorphisms. Thus, predicting risk is difficult given the complexity. On the other hand, the colonic mucosa represents the end product of the complex interplay between these multiple factors. The power of field carcinogenesis is that it reflects this interplay between genetics and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Backman
- 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lobikin M, Chernet B, Lobo D, Levin M. Resting potential, oncogene-induced tumorigenesis, and metastasis: the bioelectric basis of cancer in vivo. Phys Biol 2012. [PMID: 23196890 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/9/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer may result from localized failure of instructive cues that normally orchestrate cell behaviors toward the patterning needs of the organism. Steady-state gradients of transmembrane voltage (V(mem)) in non-neural cells are instructive, epigenetic signals that regulate pattern formation during embryogenesis and morphostatic repair. Here, we review molecular data on the role of bioelectric cues in cancer and present new findings in the Xenopus laevis model on how the microenvironment's biophysical properties contribute to cancer in vivo. First, we investigated the melanoma-like phenotype arising from serotonergic signaling by 'instructor' cells-a cell population that is able to induce a metastatic phenotype in normal melanocytes. We show that when these instructor cells are depolarized, blood vessel patterning is disrupted in addition to the metastatic phenotype induced in melanocytes. Surprisingly, very few instructor cells need to be depolarized for the hyperpigmentation phenotype to occur; we present a model of antagonistic signaling by serotonin receptors that explains the unusual all-or-none nature of this effect. In addition to the body-wide depolarization-induced metastatic phenotype, we investigated the bioelectrical properties of tumor-like structures induced by canonical oncogenes and cancer-causing compounds. Exposure to carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induces localized tumors, but has a broad (and variable) effect on the bioelectric properties of the whole body. Tumors induced by oncogenes show aberrantly high sodium content, representing a non-invasive diagnostic modality. Importantly, depolarized transmembrane potential is not only a marker of cancer but is functionally instructive: susceptibility to oncogene-induced tumorigenesis is significantly reduced by forced prior expression of hyperpolarizing ion channels. Importantly, the same effect can be achieved by pharmacological manipulation of endogenous chloride channels, suggesting a strategy for cancer suppression that does not require gene therapy. Together, these data extend our understanding of the recently demonstrated role of transmembrane potential in tumor formation and metastatic cell behavior. V(mem) is an important non-genetic biophysical aspect of the microenvironment that regulates the balance between normally patterned growth and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lobikin
- Biology Department and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Benigni R, Bossa C, Tcheremenskaia O. In vitro cell transformation assays for an integrated, alternative assessment of carcinogenicity: a data-based analysis. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:107-16. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
45
|
Marongiu F, Doratiotto S, Sini M, Serra MP, Laconi E. Cancer as a disease of tissue pattern formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 47:175-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
46
|
Baker SG. Paradoxes in Carcinogenesis Should Spur New Avenues of Research: An Historical Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/dst.2012.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
47
|
Levin M. Morphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer: non-local control of complex patterning. Biosystems 2012; 109:243-61. [PMID: 22542702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of shape during embryonic development, and the maintenance of shape against injury or tumorigenesis, requires constant coordination of cell behaviors toward the patterning needs of the host organism. Molecular cell biology and genetics have made great strides in understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell function. However, generalized rational control of shape is still largely beyond our current capabilities. Significant instructive signals function at long range to provide positional information and other cues to regulate organism-wide systems properties like anatomical polarity and size control. Is complex morphogenesis best understood as the emergent property of local cell interactions, or as the outcome of a computational process that is guided by a physically encoded map or template of the final goal state? Here I review recent data and molecular mechanisms relevant to morphogenetic fields: large-scale systems of physical properties that have been proposed to store patterning information during embryogenesis, regenerative repair, and cancer suppression that ultimately controls anatomy. Placing special emphasis on the role of endogenous bioelectric signals as an important component of the morphogenetic field, I speculate on novel approaches for the computational modeling and control of these fields with applications to synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, and evolutionary developmental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Benigni R. Alternatives to the carcinogenicity bioassay for toxicity prediction: are we there yet? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:407-17. [PMID: 22360376 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.666238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For decades, traditional toxicology has been the ultimate source of information on the carcinogenic potential of chemicals; however, with increasing demand on regulation of chemicals and decreasing resources for testing, opportunities to accept 'alternative' approaches have dramatically expanded. The need for tools able to identify carcinogens in shorter times and at a lower cost in terms of animal lives and money is still an open issue, and the present strategies and regulations for carcinogenicity prescreening do not adequately protect human health. AREAS COVERED This paper briefly summarizes the theories on the early steps of carcinogenesis and presents alternative detection methods for carcinogens based on genetic toxicology, structure-activity relationships and cell transformation assays. EXPERT OPINION There is evidence that the combination of Salmonella and structural alerts for the DNA-reactive carcinogens, and in vitro cell transformation assays for nongenotoxic carcinogens, permits the identification of a very large proportion of carcinogens. If implemented, this alternative strategy could improve considerably the protection of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Benigni
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Levin M. Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: new tools and recent discoveries: control of cell behavior and pattern formation by transmembrane potential gradients. Bioessays 2012; 34:205-17. [PMID: 22237730 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in the molecular investigation of endogenous bioelectric signals during pattern formation in growing tissues has been enabled by recently developed techniques. Ion flows and voltage gradients produced by ion channels and pumps are key regulators of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Now, instructive roles for bioelectrical gradients in embryogenesis, regeneration, and neoplasm are being revealed through the use of fluorescent voltage reporters and functional experiments using well-characterized channel mutants. Transmembrane voltage gradients (V(mem) ) determine anatomical polarity and function as master regulators during appendage regeneration and embryonic left-right patterning. A state-of-the-art recent study reveals that they can also serve as prepatterns for gene expression domains during craniofacial patterning. Continued development of novel tools and better ways to think about physical controls of cell-cell interactions will lead to mastery of the morphogenetic information stored in physiological networks. This will enable fundamental advances in basic understanding of growth and form, as well as transformative biomedical applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|