1
|
Zhou L, Wen R, Bai C, Li Z, Zheng K, Yu Y, Zhang T, Jia H, Peng Z, Zhu X, Lou Z, Hao L, Yu G, Yang F, Zhang W. Spatial transcriptomic revealed intratumor heterogeneity and cancer stem cell enrichment in colorectal cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 602:217181. [PMID: 39159882 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Exploring the mechanisms of metastasis is of great importance in both clinical and fundamental CRC research. CRC is a highly heterogeneous disease with variable therapeutic outcomes of treatment. In this study, we applied spatial transcriptomics (ST) to generate a tissue-wide transcriptome from two primary colorectal cancer tissues and their matched liver metastatic tissues. Spatial RNA information showed intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of both primary and metastatic tissues. The comparison of gene expressions across tissues revealed an apparent enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in metastatic tissues and identified FOXD1 as a novel metastatic CSC marker. Trajectory and pseudo-time analyses revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories and a dedifferentiation-differentiation process during metastasis. CellphoneDB analysis suggested a dominant interaction of CD74-MIF with tumor cells in metastatic tissues. Further analysis confirmed FOXD1 as a maker of CSCs and the predictor of patient survival, especially in metastatic diseases. Our study found ITH of primary and metastatic tissues and provides novel insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying liver metastasis of CRC and foundations for therapeutic strategies for CRC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongbo Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Bai
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshuai Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Jia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyin Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiang Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Ohira M, Funayama R, Maekawa M, Karasawa H, Kashiwagi R, Aoyama Y, Mano N, Ohnuma S, Unno M, Nakayama K. Downregulation of ABCC3 activates MAPK signaling through accumulation of deoxycholic acid in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1778-1790. [PMID: 38566304 PMCID: PMC11145118 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) is an ATP binding cassette transporter for bile acids, whose expression is downregulated in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, it remained unclear how downregulation of ABCC3 expression contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis. We explored the role of ABCC3 in the progression of colorectal cancer-in particular, focusing on the regulation of bile acid export. Gene expression analysis of colorectal adenoma isolated from familial adenomatous polyposis patients revealed that genes related to bile acid secretion including ABCC3 were downregulated as early as at the stage of adenoma formation. Knockdown or overexpression of ABCC3 increased or decreased intracellular concentration of deoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid, respectively, in colorectal cancer cells. Forced expression of ABCC3 suppressed deoxycholic acid-induced activation of MAPK signaling. Finally, we found that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased ABCC3 expression in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that ABCC3 could be one of the targets for therapeutic intervention of familial adenomatous polyposis. Our data thus suggest that downregulation of ABCC3 expression contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis through the regulation of intracellular accumulation of bile acids and activity of MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Sato
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Ryosuke Kashiwagi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yayoi Aoyama
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glembocki AI, Somers GR. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in paediatric solid tumours. Pathology 2024; 56:283-296. [PMID: 38216399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Characterisation of histological, immunohistochemical and molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers has contributed significantly to precision medicine and better outcomes in the management of paediatric solid tumours. Prognostic biomarkers allow predictions to be made regarding a tumour's aggressiveness and clinical course, whereas predictive biomarkers help determine responses to a specific treatment. This review summarises prognostic biomarkers currently used in the more common paediatric solid tumours, with a brief commentary on the most relevant less common predictive biomarkers. MYCN amplification is the most important genetic alteration in neuroblastoma prognosis, and the histological classification devised by Shimada in 1999 is still used in routine diagnosis. Moreover, a new subgrouping of unfavourable histology neuroblastoma enables immunohistochemical characterisation of tumours with markedly different genetic features and prognosis. The predominant histology and commonly observed cytogenetic abnormalities are recognised outcome predictors in Wilms tumour. Evaluation for anaplasia, which is tightly associated with TP53 gene mutations and poor outcomes, is central in both the International Society of Paediatric Oncology and the Children's Oncology Group approaches to disease classification. Characterisation of distinct genotype-phenotype subclasses and critical mutations has expanded overall understanding of hepatoblastoma outcomes. The C1 subclass hepatoblastoma and CTNNB1 mutations are associated with good prognosis. In contrast, the C2 subclass, NFE2L2 mutations, TERT promoter mutations and high expression of oncofetal proteins and stem cell markers are associated with poor outcomes. Risk stratification in sarcomas is highly variable depending on the entity. The prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, for example, primarily depends on histological and molecular characteristics. Advances in our understanding of clinically significant biomarkers will translate into more precise diagnoses, improved risk stratification and more effective and less toxic treatment in this challenging group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida I Glembocki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gino R Somers
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shazleen Ibrahim I, Starlin Chellathurai M, Mahmood S, Hakim Azmi A, Harun N, Ulul Ilmie Ahmad Nazri M, Muzamir Mahat M, Mohamed Sofian Z. Engineered liposomes mediated approach for targeted colorectal cancer drug Delivery: A review. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123735. [PMID: 38142874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the most prevalent and deadliest forms of cancer worldwide, despite notable advancements in its management. The prognosis for metastatic CRC remains discouraging, with a relative 5-year survival rate for stage IV CRC patients. Conventional treatments for advanced malignancies such as chemotherapy, often face limitations in effectively targeting cancer cells resulting in off-target distribution and significant side effects. In the quest for better strategies, researchers have explored numerous alternatives. Among these, nanoparticles (NPs) specifically liposomes have emerged as one of the most promising candidates in developing targeted delivery systems for cancer therapeutics. This review discusses the current approaches employing functionalised liposomes to overcome major biological barriers in therapeutics delivery for CRC treatment. We have also shared our perspectives on the technological development of liposomes for future clinical use and highlighted a few useful insights on the material choices for future research work in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Intan Shazleen Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Melbha Starlin Chellathurai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirul Hakim Azmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyifa Harun
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amalric A, Attina A, Bastide A, Buffard M, Mateus S, Planque C, Rivals E, Hirtz C, David A. Mass Spectrometry-Based Pipeline for Identifying RNA Modifications Involved in a Functional Process: Application to Cancer Cell Adaptation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1825-1833. [PMID: 38275837 PMCID: PMC10851184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer onset and progression are known to be regulated by genetic and epigenetic events, including RNA modifications (a.k.a. epitranscriptomics). So far, more than 150 chemical modifications have been described in all RNA subtypes, including messenger, ribosomal, and transfer RNAs. RNA modifications and their regulators are known to be implicated in all steps of post-transcriptional regulation. The dysregulation of this complex yet delicate balance can contribute to disease evolution, particularly in the context of carcinogenesis, where cells are subjected to various stresses. We sought to discover RNA modifications involved in cancer cell adaptation to inhospitable environments, a peculiar feature of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We were particularly interested in the RNA marks that help the adaptation of cancer cells to suspension culture, which is often used as a surrogate to evaluate the tumorigenic potential. For this purpose, we designed an experimental pipeline consisting of four steps: (1) cell culture in different growth conditions to favor CSC survival; (2) simultaneous RNA subtype (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) enrichment and RNA hydrolysis; (3) the multiplex analysis of nucleosides by LC-MS/MS followed by statistical/bioinformatic analysis; and (4) the functional validation of identified RNA marks. This study demonstrates that the RNA modification landscape evolves along with the cancer cell phenotype under growth constraints. Remarkably, we discovered a short epitranscriptomic signature, conserved across colorectal cancer cell lines and associated with enrichment in CSCs. Functional tests confirmed the importance of selected marks in the process of adaptation to suspension culture, confirming the validity of our approach and opening up interesting prospects in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Amalric
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB-PPC,
INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Attina
- IRMB-PPC,
INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Bastide
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Buffard
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
- LIRMM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Mateus
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Planque
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Rivals
- LIRMM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB-PPC,
INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre David
- IGF,
INSERM, Université de Montpellier,
CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB-PPC,
INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawler T, Parlato L, Warren Andersen S. Racial disparities in colorectal cancer clinicopathological and molecular tumor characteristics: a systematic review. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:223-239. [PMID: 37688643 PMCID: PMC11090693 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality of all racial groups in the USA, which may relate to differences in healthcare access or advanced stage at diagnosis. Recent evidence indicates that differences in tumor characteristics may also underlie disparities in mortality. To highlight recent findings and areas for investigation, we completed the first systematic review of racial disparities in CRC tumor prognostic markers, including clinicopathological markers, microsatellite instability (MSI), oncogene mutations, and novel markers, including cancer stem cells and immune markers. METHODS Relevant studies were identified via PubMed, limited to original research published within the last 10 years. Ninety-six articles were identified that compared the prevalence of mortality-related CRC tumor characteristics in African Americans (or other African ancestry populations) to White cases. RESULTS Tumors from African ancestry cases are approximately 10% more likely to contain mutations in KRAS, which confer elevated mortality and resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Conversely, African Americans have approximately 50% lower odds for BRAF-mutant tumors, which occur less frequently but have similar effects on mortality and therapeutic resistance. There is less consistent evidence supporting disparities in mutations for other oncogenes, including PIK3CA, TP53, APC, NRAS, HER2, and PTEN, although higher rates of PIK3CA mutations and lower prevalence of MSI status for African ancestry cases are supported by recent evidence. Although emerging evidence suggests that immune markers reflecting anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment may be lower for African American cases, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate disparities in other novel markers, cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and the consensus molecular subtypes. CONCLUSION Higher rates of KRAS-mutant tumors in in African Americans may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality. Additional work is required to understand whether emerging markers, including immune cells, underlie the elevated CRC mortality observed for African Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Parlato
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Suite 1007B, WARF, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang ZY, Wen L, Ye LF, Lu YT, Pat Fong W, Zhang RJ, Wu SX, Chen ZG, Cai YY, Xu RH, Li YH, Du ZM, Wang DS. Clinical and molecular characteristics of RNF43 mutations as promising prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231220600. [PMID: 38205077 PMCID: PMC10777808 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231220600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase (RNF43) mutations are present in approximately 6-18% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and could enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. This study aims to investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and potential heterogeneity of RNF43-mutant CRC. Methods A total of 78 patients with RNF43-mutant CRC were enrolled from July 2013 to November 2022. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment regimens used, and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Our study uncovered that patients with RNF43 mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD; n = 50) exhibited shorter overall survival (OS; median months, 50.80 versus not reached; p = 0.043) compared to those in the C-terminal domain (CTD; n = 17). Most RNF43 mutations in NTD had positive primary lymph node status, low tumor mutation burden (TMB-L), and correlated with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) status. By contrast, RNF43 mutations in CTD were significantly enriched in deficient MMR (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) tumors with high TMB (TMB-H). N-terminal RNF43-mutated tumors harbored a hotspot variant (RNF43 R117fs), which independently predicted a significantly worse outcome in pMMR/MSS CRC with a median OS of 18.9 months. Patients with RNF43 mutations and the BRAF V600E alterations demonstrated sensitivity to BRAF/EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, we observed that pMMR/MSS patients with RNF43 R117fs mutation had a higher incidence of stage IV, ⩾2 metastatic sites, low TMB, and none of them received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Conclusion Our findings provide the first evidence that RNF43 mutations in NTD and the R117fs variant correlate with a poorer prognosis in CRC patients, providing strategies for Wnt-targeted therapy to improve clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Fang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - William Pat Fong
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Si-Xian Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ming Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trembath HE, Yeh JJ, Lopez NE. Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Genetic Implications to Clinical Applications. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 192:305-418. [PMID: 39212927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61238-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Advances in molecular genetics have revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic options for treating gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular landscape of GI cancers, focusing on key genetic alterations implicated in tumorigenesis across various anatomical sites including GIST, colon and rectum, and pancreas. Emphasis is placed on critical oncogenic pathways, such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic modifications. The role of molecular biomarkers in predicting prognosis, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring therapeutic response is discussed, highlighting the integration of genomic profiling into clinical practice. Finally, we address the evolving landscape of precision oncology in GI cancers, considering targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Trembath
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 4303 La Jolla Village Drive Suite 2110, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7213, 1150 Physician's Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7213, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 4303 La Jolla Village Drive Suite 2110, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7213, 1150 Physician's Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7213, USA
| | - Nicole E Lopez
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 4303 La Jolla Village Drive Suite 2110, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7213, 1150 Physician's Office Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang D, Tang W, Niu H, Tse W, Ruan HB, Dolznig H, Knösel T, Karl-Heinz F, Themanns M, Wang J, Song M, Denson L, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Zheng Y, Han X. Monogenic deficiency in murine intestinal Cdc42 leads to mucosal inflammation that induces crypt dysplasia. Genes Dis 2024; 11:413-429. [PMID: 37588188 PMCID: PMC10425749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial (IEC) stem cell (IESC) division. How aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear. We utilized models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), colorectal cancer, aging, and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and neoplasia. Intestinal specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal cancer. Cdc42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre, Villin-CreERT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2, or Bmi1-CreERT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient mice. Irradiation, colitis, aging, and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation, IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity, and IEC repair. Our studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival; in contrast, lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD colon. Colonic Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+ IESCs, increased progenitors' hyperplasia, and induced mucosal inflammation, which led to crypt dysplasia. Colonic Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irradiation- or chemical-induced colitis. Depletion or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+ IESC regeneration. In conclusion, depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair, leading to prolonged mucosal inflammation. Constitutive monogenic loss of Cdc42 induces mucosal inflammation, which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Laboratory Animal Science (ILAS), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100006, China
| | - William Tse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MI 55455, USA
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | | | - Madeleine Themanns
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Mingquan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266005, China
| | - Lee Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sardari A, Usefi H. Machine learning-based meta-analysis of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290192. [PMID: 38134011 PMCID: PMC10745176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, resulting in numerous cancer-related deaths. CRC detection, treatment, and prevention can be improved by identifying genes and biomarkers. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of CRC remain elusive, and previously identified biomarkers have not yielded satisfactory insights. This shortfall may be attributed to the predominance of univariate analysis methods, which overlook potential combinations of variants and genes contributing to disease development. Here, we address this knowledge gap by presenting a novel multivariate machine-learning strategy to pinpoint genes associated with CRC. Additionally, we applied our analysis pipeline to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), as IBD patients face substantial CRC risk. The importance of the identified genes was substantiated by rigorous validation across numerous independent datasets. Several of the discovered genes have been previously linked to CRC, while others represent novel findings warranting further investigation. A Python implementation of our pipeline can be accessed publicly at https://github.com/AriaSar/CRCIBD-ML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria Sardari
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Hamid Usefi
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ranapour S, Motamed N. Effect of Silibinin on the Expression of Mir-20b, Bcl2L11, and Erbb2 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1979-1990. [PMID: 36905464 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effect of silibinin (SB) on the expression of MiR‑20b and BCL2L11 in T47D and MCF-7 cell lines. Molecular simulation studies were carried out to analyze Erbb2, as a potential target of SB, to direct the breast cancer cells toward apoptosis. At first, cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest-inducing capacity of SB were examined using MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was employed to assess the effect of SB on BCL2L11, Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and Caspase 9 mRNarrest-indu. Moreover, alterations in Caspase 9 protein expression were determined using Western blot analysis. Finally, AutoDockVina software was used to dock the SB/ MiR‑20b and SB/ erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Erbb2) interaction. The obtained data revealed the potent cytotoxicity of SB in both T47D and MCF-7 cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. SB-treated cells also showed downregulation of MiR‑20b and high expression of BCL2L11, PTEN, and Caspase 9 mRNA compared to non-treated cancer cells. Computational docking showed a strong interaction between SB/ MiR‑20b and SB/Erbb2. It can be concluded that SB had a strong anti-tumorigenic activity through BCL2L11upregulation and MiR‑20b down expression, maybe through targeting the PTEN and interacting with Erbb2, which resulted in apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ranapour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Nasrin Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin C, Li A, Xiao Y, Liu W, Zhai E, Li Q, Jing H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Tang H, Rong D. Expression of ZNF281 in colorectal cancer correlates with response to radiotherapy and survival. Ann Med 2023; 55:2278619. [PMID: 37939252 PMCID: PMC10653697 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2278619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is extremely complex and survival rates vary depending on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT), is the conventional treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, the resistance to chemoradiotherapy in LARC is difficult to predict. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, clinical data of 126 LARC patients were collected and analyzed, and relevant validation was performed using GEO database and in vitro and in vivo experiments, including Western blotting and Real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, clonogenic cell survival assays, and nude-mouse xenograft models. RESULTS In patients with LARC who were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART), higher ZNF281 expression in malignant tissue was associated with a poorer prognosis and lesser degree of tumor regression. Cell and mouse experiments have shown that ZNF281 reduces the damage caused by X-rays to CRC cells and tumors grown in mice. CONCLUSION We found that the expression of ZNF281 predicted the radiation response of CRC cells and suggested the prognosis of patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yafei Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ertao Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanying Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Jing
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongna Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dan Rong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang B, Han D, Yang L, He Y, Yang S, Wang H, Zhang X, Du Y, Xiong W, Ha H, Shang P. The mitochondrial fusion-associated protein MFN2 can be used as a novel prognostic molecule for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:986. [PMID: 37845657 PMCID: PMC10577979 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) plays an important role in many tumors, but how its role in renal clear cell carcinoma needs further research. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the expression of MFN2 in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues and normal kidney tissues through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our clinical samples.Enrichment analysis was performed to determine MFN2-related pathways and biological functions. The correlation of MFN2 expression with immune cells was analyzed.The correlation of the expression of methylation and the methylation sites of MFN2 were analyzed by UALCAN and TCGA databases. Univariate / multivariate COX risk regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to determine the prognostic value of MFN2.Nomograms were drawn to predict overall survival (OS) at 1,3, and 5 years. We investigated the role of MFN2 in renal cancer cells using CCK 8, clone formation, wound healing assay, and methylase qPCR experiments. RESULTS MFN2 is poorly expressed in renal clear cell carcinoma compared to normal kidney tissue,and is significantly negatively associated with TNM stage, histological grade and pathological stage.MFN2 was directly associated with OS after multivariate Cox regression analysis.MFN2 shows a hypomethylation state and shows a positive correlation with multiple methylation sites.Signaling pathways through functional enrichment to B-cell receptors and oxidative stress-induced senescence.Moreover, the low expression of MFN2 was positively correlated with the degree of immune cell infiltration in a variety of immune cells.In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of MFN2 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of renal clear cells and promoted methylation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MFN2 can be used as a novel prognostic marker for renal clear cell carcinoma and requires further investigation of its role in tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - LiMing Yang
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuelin Du
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hualan Ha
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Panfeng Shang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang GC, Gan X, Zeng YQ, Chen X, Kang H, Huang SW, Hu WH. The Role of NCS1 in Immunotherapy and Prognosis of Human Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2765. [PMID: 37893139 PMCID: PMC10604305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neural Calcium Sensor1 (NCS1) is a crucial protein that binds to Ca2+ and is believed to play a role in regulating tumor invasion and cell proliferation. However, the role of NCS1 in immune infiltration and cancer prognosis is still unknown. Our study aimed to explore the expression profile, immune infiltration pattern, prognostic value, biological function, and potential compounds targeting NCS1 using public databases. High expression of NCS1 was detected by immune histochemical staining in LIHC (Liver hepatocellular carcinoma), BRCA (Breast invasive carcinoma), KIRC (Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma), and SKCM (Skin Cutaneous Melanoma). The expression of NCS1 in cancer was determined by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas Program), GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression), the Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), GEPIA2.0 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2.0), HPA (The Human Protein Atlas), UALCAN, TIMER2.0, TISIDB, Metascape, Drugbank, chEMBL, and ICSDB databases. NCS1 has genomic mutations as well as aberrant DNA methylation in multiple cancers compared to normal tissues. Also, NCS1 was significantly different in the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune infiltrate-associated cells in different cancers, which could be used for the typing of immune and molecular subtypes of cancer and the presence of immune checkpoint resistance in several cancers. Univariate regression analysis, multivariate regression analysis, and gene enrichment analysis to construct prognostic models revealed that NCS1 is involved in immune regulation and can be used as a prognostic biomarker for SKCM, LIHC, BRCA, COAD, and KIRC. These results provide clues from a bioinformatic perspective and highlight the importance of NCS1 in a variety of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Chun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yun-Qian Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuai-Wen Huang
- Department of General Practice, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei-Hua Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choudhury H, Pandey M, Saravanan V, Mun ATY, Bhattamisra SK, Parikh A, Garg S, Gorain B. Recent progress of targeted nanocarriers in diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications in colorectal cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213556. [PMID: 37478770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer at the lower end of the digestive tract, colorectal cancer (CRC), starts with asymptomatic polyps, which can be diagnosed as cancer at a later stage. It is the fourth leading cause of malignancy-associated mortality worldwide. Despite progress in conventional treatment strategies, the possibility to overcome the mortality and morbidity issues with the enhancement of the lifespan of CRC patients is limited. With the advent of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, a promising revolution has been made in diagnosis, treatment, and theranostic purposes for cancer management. Herein, we reviewed the progress of miniaturized nanocarriers, such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, employed in passive and active targeting and their role in theranostic applications in CRC. With this novel scope, the diagnosis and treatment of CRC have proceeded to the forefront of innovation, where specific characteristics of the nanocarriers, such as processability, flexibility in developing precise architecture, improved circulation, site-specific delivery, and rapid response, facilitate the management of cancer patients. Furthermore, surface-engineered technologies for the nanocarriers could involve receptor-mediated deliveries towards the overexpressed receptors on the CRC microenvironment. Moreover, the potential of clinical translation of these targeted miniaturized formulations as well as the possible limitations and barriers that could impact this translation into clinical practice were highlighted. The advancement of these newest developments in clinical research and progress into the commercialization stage gives hope for a better tomorrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vilashini Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Tan Yee Mun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tejedor JR, Peñarroya A, Gancedo-Verdejo J, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Pérez RF, López-Tamargo S, Díez-Borge A, Alba-Linares JJ, González-Del-Rey N, Urdinguio RG, Mangas C, Roberti A, López V, Morales-Ruiz T, Ariza RR, Roldán-Arjona T, Meijón M, Valledor L, Cañal MJ, Fernández-Martínez D, Fernández-Hevia M, Jiménez-Fonseca P, García-Flórez LJ, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. CRISPR/dCAS9-mediated DNA demethylation screen identifies functional epigenetic determinants of colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:133. [PMID: 37612734 PMCID: PMC10464368 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is frequently observed during the malignant transformation of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether this epigenetic mechanism is functional in cancer or is a mere consequence of the carcinogenic process remains to be elucidated. RESULTS In this work, we performed an integrative multi-omic approach to identify gene candidates with strong correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression in human CRC samples and a set of 8 colon cancer cell lines. As a proof of concept, we combined recent CRISPR-Cas9 epigenome editing tools (dCas9-TET1, dCas9-TET-IM) with a customized arrayed gRNA library to modulate the DNA methylation status of 56 promoters previously linked with strong epigenetic repression in CRC, and we monitored the potential functional consequences of this DNA methylation loss by means of a high-content cell proliferation screen. Overall, the epigenetic modulation of most of these DNA methylated regions had a mild impact on the reactivation of gene expression and on the viability of cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that epigenetic reactivation of RSPO2 in the tumour context was associated with a significant impairment in cell proliferation in p53-/- cancer cell lines, and further validation with human samples demonstrated that the epigenetic silencing of RSPO2 is a mid-late event in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential role of DNA methylation as a driver mechanism of CRC and paves the way for the identification of novel therapeutic windows based on the epigenetic reactivation of certain tumour suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peñarroya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Javier Gancedo-Verdejo
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara López-Tamargo
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Díez-Borge
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Viralgen Vector Core, 20009, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Juan J Alba-Linares
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nerea González-Del-Rey
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Mangas
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Annalisa Roberti
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Virginia López
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Teresa Morales-Ruiz
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael R Ariza
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Roldán-Arjona
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-Martínez
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Hevia
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Paula Jiménez-Fonseca
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis J García-Flórez
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Asturias, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma S/N, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elkady MA, Yehia AM, Elsakka EGE, Abulsoud AI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Elshafei A, Elkhawaga SY, Ismail A, Mokhtar MM, El-Mahdy HA, Hegazy M, Elballal MS, Mohammed OA, El-Husseiny HM, Midan HM, El-Dakroury WA, Zewail MB, Abdel Mageed SS, Doghish AS. miRNAs driving diagnosis, progression, and drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154704. [PMID: 37499518 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of transformed plasma cells. It's the second most common hematologic cancer after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. MM is a complex disease with many different risk factors, including ethnicity, race, and epigenetics. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a critical epigenetic factor in multiple myeloma, influencing key aspects such as pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to treatment. They have the potential to assist in disease diagnosis and modulate the resistance behavior of MM towards therapeutic regimens. These characteristics could be attributed to the modulatory effects of miRNAs on some vital pathways such as NF-KB, PI3k/AKT, and P53. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in MM with a focus on their role in disease progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ren SN, Zhang ZY, Guo RJ, Wang DR, Chen FF, Chen XB, Fang XD. Application of nanotechnology in reversing therapeutic resistance and controlling metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1911-1941. [PMID: 37155531 PMCID: PMC10122790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive malignancy across the world. Its first-line treatments applied in the routine clinical setting include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, resistance to therapy has been identified as the major clinical challenge that fails the treatment method, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis. An increasing number of studies have been attempting to explore the underlying mechanisms of the resistance of CRC cells to different therapies, which can be summarized into two aspects: (1) The intrinsic characters and adapted alterations of CRC cells before and during treatment that regulate the drug metabolism, drug transport, drug target, and the activation of signaling pathways; and (2) the suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat the issue of therapeutic resistance, effective strategies are warranted with a focus on the restoration of CRC cells’ sensitivity to specific treatments as well as reprogramming impressive TME into stimulatory conditions. To date, nanotechnology seems promising with scope for improvement of drug mobility, treatment efficacy, and reduction of systemic toxicity. The instinctive advantages offered by nanomaterials enable the diversity of loading cargoes to increase drug concentration and targeting specificity, as well as offer a platform for trying the combination of different treatments to eventually prevent tumor recurrence, metastasis, and reversion of therapy resistance. The present review intends to summarize the known mechanisms of CRC resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as the process of metastasis. We have also emphasized the recent application of nanomaterials in combating therapeutic resistance and preventing metastasis either by combining with other treatment approaches or alone. In summary, nanomedicine is an emerging technology with potential for CRC treatment; hence, efforts should be devoted to targeting cancer cells for the restoration of therapeutic sensitivity as well as reprogramming the TME. It is believed that the combined strategy will be beneficial to achieve synergistic outcomes contributing to control and management of CRC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ren
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui-Jie Guo
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Da-Ren Wang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Dong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou Y, Zhang X, Yao H, Hou L, Zhang Q, Tao E, Zhu X, Jiang S, Ren Y, Hong X, Lu S, Leng X, Xie Y, Gao Y, Liang Y, Zhong T, Long B, Fang JY, Meng X. METTL14 modulates glycolysis to inhibit colorectal tumorigenesis in p53-wild-type cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56325. [PMID: 36794620 PMCID: PMC10074077 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of p53 mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) is approximately 40-50%. A variety of therapies are being developed to target tumors expressing mutant p53. However, potential therapeutic targets for CRC expressing wild-type p53 are rare. In this study, we show that METTL14 is transcriptionally activated by wild-type p53 and suppresses tumor growth only in p53-wild-type (p53-WT) CRC cells. METTL14 deletion promotes both AOM/DSS and AOM-induced CRC growth in mouse models with the intestinal epithelial cell-specific knockout of METTL14. Additionally, METTL14 restrains aerobic glycolysis in p53-WT CRC, by repressing SLC2A3 and PGAM1 expression via selectively promoting m6 A-YTHDF2-dependent pri-miR-6769b/pri-miR-499a processing. Biosynthetic mature miR-6769b-3p and miR-499a-3p decrease SLC2A3 and PGAM1 levels, respectively, and suppress malignant phenotypes. Clinically, METTL14 only acts as a beneficial prognosis factor for the overall survival of p53-WT CRC patients. These results uncover a new mechanism for METTL14 inactivation in tumors and, most importantly, reveal that the activation of METTL14 is a critical mechanism for p53-dependent cancer growth inhibition, which could be targeted for therapy in p53-WT CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidan Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enwei Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialu Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang N, Fang JY. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key pathogenic factor and microbial biomarker for colorectal cancer. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:159-172. [PMID: 36058786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent cancers, has complex etiology. The dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria has been highlighted as an important contributor to CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral anaerobic opportunistic pathogen, is enriched in both stools and tumor tissues of patients with CRC. Therefore, F. nucleatum is considered to be a risk factor for CRC. This review summarizes the biological characteristics and the mechanisms underlying the regulatory behavior of F. nucleatum in the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC. F. nucleatum as a marker for the early warning and prognostic prediction of CRC, and as a target for prevention and treatment, is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tu SM, Moran C, Norton W, Zacharias NM. Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Origin of Metastasis and Sub-clonality. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:63-68. [PMID: 35729019 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis may be the secret weapon cancer uses to dominate and subjugate, to persist and prevail. However, it is no longer a secret when we realize that a stem cell has the same ways and means to fulfill its own omnipotence and accomplish its own omnipresence… and when we realize that a cancer cell has its own version of stem-ness origin and stem-like nature. In this perspective, we discuss whether stem-ness enables metastasis or mutations drive metastasis. We ponder about low-grade versus high-grade tumors and about primary versus metastatic tumors. We wonder about stochasticity and hierarchy in the genesis and evolution of cancer and of metastasis. We postulate that metastasis may hold the elusive code that makes or breaks a stem-cell versus a genetic theory of cancer. We speculate that the vaunted model of multistep carcinogenesis may be in error and needs some belated remodeling and a major overhaul. We propose that subsequent malignant neoplasms from germ cell tumors and donor-derived malignancies in organ transplants are quintessential experiments of nature and by man that may eventually empower us to elucidate a stem-cell origin of cancer and metastasis. Unfortunately, even the best experiments of cancer and of metastasis will be left unfinished, overlooked, or forgotten, when we do not formulate a proper cancer theory derived from pertinent and illuminating clinical observations. Ultimately, there should be no consternations when we realize that metastasis has a stem-cell rather than a genetic origin, and no reservations when we recognize that metastasis has been providing us some of the most enduring tests and endearing proofs to demonstrate that cancer is indeed a stem-cell rather than a genetic disease after all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
| | - William Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Urology - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sugito N, Heishima K, Akao Y. Chemically modified MIR143-3p exhibited anti-cancer effects by impairing the KRAS network in colorectal cancer cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:49-61. [PMID: 36189421 PMCID: PMC9507988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Symonds L, Yu M, Zhang Y, Ou FS, Zemla TJ, Carter K, Bertagnolli M, Innocenti F, Bosch LJW, Meijer GA, Carvalho B, Grady WM, Cohen SA. Evaluation of methylated DCR1 as a biomarker for response to adjuvant irinotecan-based therapy in stage III colon cancer: cancer and leukaemia Group B 89803 (Alliance). Epigenetics 2022; 17:1715-1725. [PMID: 35412430 PMCID: PMC9621073 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2058225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly methylated genes contribute to the landscape of epigenetic alterations in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The global CpG Island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and individually methylated genes are potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers. Research suggests an association between methylated DCR1 (mDCR1) and lack of benefit with irinotecan (IFL) treatment. We assessed the association between DCR1 methylation status and survival in patients receiving adjuvant fluorouracil/ leucovorin (5-FU/LV) or IFL. We analysed data from patients with stage III colon adenocarcinoma randomly assigned to adjuvant 5-FU/LV or IFL in CALGB 89803 (Alliance). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Using tumour sample DNA, we evaluated the association between survival, DCR1 methylation status, and molecular subgroups (BRAF, KRAS, mismatch repair status, CIMP status) using Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard model. mDCR1 was observed in 221/400 (55%) colon cancers. Histopathologic features were similar between mDCR1 and unmethylated DCR1 (unDCR1) colon cancers. There was no difference in OS (p = 0.83) or DFS (p = 0.85) based on DCR1 methylation status. There was no association between methylation status and response to IFL . In patients with unDCR1 and KRAS-wildtype tumours, those who received IFL had a nearly two-fold worse DFS compared to patients who received 5-FU/LV (HR = 1.85, 95% CI (0.97-3.53, p = 0.06). This relationship was not notable among other subgroups. In stage III colon cancer patients, mDCR1 status did not associate with response to irinotecan. Larger studies may suggest an association between the iridocene response and molecular subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Symonds
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - YuHong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyler J. Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Carter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monica Bertagnolli
- Office of the Alliance Group Chair, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda JW Bosch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stacey A. Cohen
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Zaher S, Saber-Ayad M. Checkpoint molecules on infiltrating immune cells in colorectal tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955599. [PMID: 36072957 PMCID: PMC9441912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains multiple interactions between the tumor and the host, thus determining CRC initiation and progression. Various immune cells exist within the TME, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). The immunotherapy approach provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors, especially toward immune checkpoints. Despite the advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still obstacles to successful treatment. In this review, we highlighted the role of these immune cells in CRC, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules involved in CRC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha M. Elemam,
| | - Shroque Zaher
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Maha Saber-Ayad,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hot-Spot-Specific Probe (HSSP) for Rapid and Accurate Detection of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080597. [PMID: 36004993 PMCID: PMC9406089 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection of oncogene mutations has significance for early diagnosis, customized treatment, treatment progression, and drug resistance monitoring. Here, we introduce a rapid, sensitive, and specific mutation detection assay based on the hot-spot-specific probe (HSSP), with improved clinical utility compared to conventional technologies. We designed HSSP to recognize KRAS mutations in the DNA of colorectal cancer tissues (HSSP-G12D (GGT→GAT) and HSSP-G13D (GGC→GAC)) by integration with real-time PCR. During the PCR analysis, HSSP attaches to the target mutation sequence for interference with the amplification. Then, we determine the mutation detection efficiency by calculating the difference in the cycle threshold (Ct) values between HSSP-G12D and HSSP-G13D. The limit of detection to detect KRAS mutations (G12D and G13D) was 5–10% of the mutant allele in wild-type populations. This is superior to the conventional methods (≥30% mutant allele). In addition, this technology takes a short time (less than 1.5 h), and the cost of one sample is as low as USD 2. We verified clinical utility using 69 tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HSSP assay were higher (84% for G12D and 92% for G13D) compared to the direct sequencing assay (80%). Therefore, HSSP, in combination with real-time PCR, provides a rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and low-cost assay for detecting cancer-related mutations. Compared to the gold standard methods such as NGS, this technique shows the possibility of the field application of rapid mutation detection and may be useful in a variety of applications, such as customized treatment and cancer monitoring.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sutera P, Deek MP, Van der Eecken K, Wyatt AW, Kishan AU, Molitoris JK, Ferris MJ, Minhaj Siddiqui M, Rana Z, Mishra MV, Kwok Y, Davicioni E, Spratt DE, Ost P, Feng FY, Tran PT. Genomic biomarkers to guide precision radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S73-S85. [PMID: 35657158 PMCID: PMC9202472 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to prognosticate the clinical course of patients with cancer has historically been limited to clinical, histopathological, and radiographic features. It has long been clear however, that these data alone do not adequately capture the heterogeneity and breadth of disease trajectories experienced by patients. The advent of efficient genomic sequencing has led to a revolution in cancer care as we try to understand and personalize treatment specific to patient clinico-genomic phenotypes. Within prostate cancer, emerging evidence suggests that tumor genomics (e.g., DNA, RNA, and epigenetics) can be utilized to inform clinical decision making. In addition to providing discriminatory information about prognosis, it is likely tumor genomics also hold a key in predicting response to oncologic therapies which could be used to further tailor treatment recommendations. Herein we review select literature surrounding the use of tumor genomics within the management of prostate cancer, specifically leaning toward analytically validated and clinically tested genomic biomarkers utilized in radiotherapy and/or adjunctive therapies given with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutera
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P. Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amar U. Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason K. Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ferris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. Minhaj Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaker Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark V. Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Kwok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium and Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medicine and Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li D, Jiang S, Zhou X, Si C, Shao P, Jiang Q, Zhu L, Shen L, Meng Q, Yin JC, Shao Y, Sun Y, Yang L. FBXW7 and Its Downstream NOTCH Pathway Could be Potential Indicators of Organ-Free Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783564. [PMID: 35712679 PMCID: PMC9197223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remained largely unknown. In this study, a total of 85 CRC patients were included and the primary tumor lesions were evaluated by next-generation sequencing using a targeted panel for genetic aberrations. Patients were sub-divided according to their metastasis pattern into the non-organ metastases (Non-OM) and organ metastases (OM) groups. By comparing the genetic differences between the two groups, we found that mutations in FBXW7 and alterations in its downstream NOTCH signaling pathway were more common in the Non-OM group. Moreover, correlation analysis suggested that FBXW7 mutations were independent of other somatic alterations. The negative associations of alterations in FBXW7 and its downstream NOTCH signaling pathway with CRC organ metastasis were validated in a cohort of 230 patients in the TCGA CRC dataset. Thus, we speculated that the genomic alterations of FBXW7/NOTCH axis might be an independent negative indicator of CRC organ metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiye Jiang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengshuai Si
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Shao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuqing Zhu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani C Yin
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Wang H, Fang C, Yin X, Jiang Z, Dong Z, Zhu D, Fu J, Zhou W, Jiang R, He L, Hantao Z, Shi G, Cheng L, Su X, Dai L, Deng H. A specific upregulated lncRNA in colorectal cancer promotes cancer progression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158855. [PMID: 35617032 PMCID: PMC9462503 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The gene mutations of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) were found in most colorectal cancer patients. They are functioned as an important inducer of tumorigenesis. Based on our microarray results, we identified a specific upregulated lncRNA in colorectal cancer (SURC). Further analysis showed that high SURC expression correlated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Besides, we found that mutated APC genes can promote the transcription of SURC by reducing the degradation of β-catenin protein in colorectal cancer. Functional assays revealed that knockdown of SURC impaired CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle and tumor growth. Additionally, SURC can promote CCND2 expression by inhibiting the expression of miR-185-5p in CRC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that SURC is a specific upregulated lncRNA in CRC and the SURC/miR-185-5p/CCND2 axis may be targetable for CRC diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Hantao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li CH, Cai D, Zhong ME, Lv MY, Huang ZP, Zhu Q, Hu C, Qi H, Wu X, Gao F. Multi-Size Deep Learning Based Preoperative Computed Tomography Signature for Prognosis Prediction of Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:880093. [PMID: 35646105 PMCID: PMC9133721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is crucial for subsequent treatment guidance. Our study aims to provide a timely and rapid assessment of the prognosis of CRC patients with deep learning according to non-invasive preoperative computed tomography (CT) and explore the underlying biological explanations.Methods: A total of 808 CRC patients with preoperative CT (development cohort: n = 426, validation cohort: n = 382) were enrolled in our study. We proposed a novel end-to-end Multi-Size Convolutional Neural Network (MSCNN) to predict the risk of CRC recurrence with CT images (CT signature). The prognostic performance of CT signature was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve. An integrated nomogram was constructed to improve the clinical utility of CT signature by combining with other clinicopathologic factors. Further visualization and correlation analysis for CT deep features with paired gene expression profiles were performed to reveal the molecular characteristics of CRC tumors learned by MSCNN in radiographic imaging.Results: The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CT signature was a significant prognostic factor for CRC disease-free survival (DFS) prediction [development cohort: hazard ratio (HR): 50.7, 95% CI: 28.4–90.6, p < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.44–2.89, p < 0.001]. Multivariable analysis confirmed the independence prognostic value of CT signature (development cohort: HR: 30.7, 95% CI: 19.8–69.3, p < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19–2.83, p = 0.006). Dimension reduction and visualization of CT deep features demonstrated a high correlation with the prognosis of CRC patients. Functional pathway analysis further indicated that CRC patients with high CT signature presented down-regulation of several immunology pathways. Correlation analysis found that CT deep features were mainly associated with activation of metabolic and proliferative pathways.Conclusions: Our deep learning based preoperative CT signature can effectively predict prognosis of CRC patients. Integration analysis of multi-omic data revealed that some molecular characteristics of CRC tumor can be captured by deep learning in CT images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Er Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuling Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoning Qi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Wu, ; Feng Gao,
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Wu, ; Feng Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
AIMP2-DX2 provides therapeutic interface to control KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2572. [PMID: 35546148 PMCID: PMC9095880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development of the chemical inhibitors specific to oncogenic KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog) mutants revives much interest to control KRAS-driven cancers. Here, we report that AIMP2-DX2, a variant of the tumor suppressor AIMP2 (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 2), acts as a cancer-specific regulator of KRAS stability, augmenting KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. AIMP2-DX2 specifically binds to the hypervariable region and G-domain of KRAS in the cytosol prior to farnesylation. Then, AIMP2-DX2 competitively blocks the access of Smurf2 (SMAD Ubiquitination Regulatory Factor 2) to KRAS, thus preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Moreover, AIMP2-DX2 levels are positively correlated with KRAS levels in colon and lung cancer cell lines and tissues. We also identified a small molecule that specifically bound to the KRAS-binding region of AIMP2-DX2 and inhibited the interaction between these two factors. Treatment with this compound reduces the cellular levels of KRAS, leading to the suppression of KRAS-dependent cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest the interface of AIMP2-DX2 and KRAS as a route to control KRAS-driven cancers. Direct targeting of oncogenic KRAS activity is a challenge. Here the authors report that a splice variant of AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, enhances KRAS stability by blocking ubiquitin-mediated degradation of KRAS via the E3 ligase, Smurf2, and identify a chemical that can hinder AIMP2-DX2 from interacting with KRAS.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen X, Hu M, Chen Y, Li A, Hua Y, Jiang H, Li H, Lin M. Targeted deep sequencing reveals APC mutations as predictors of overall survival in Chinese colorectal patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:465-472. [PMID: 34978498 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.2022189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Targeted deep sequencing was used to characterize the mutational spectrum of APC in Chinese colorectal tumors in comparison to that in Caucasians from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and to investigate whether APC mutations can predict overall survival in CRC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: A total of 315 Chinese CRC patients including 241 stage II/III patients receiving fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study. Next generation sequencing was carried out to detect somatic mutations on all APC exons. The associations between APC mutations and overall survival were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model.Results:APC was mutated in 221 of 315 colorectal tumors (70.2%). Chinese CRC had a much higher frequency of missense mutations (16.2% vs. 2.4%), but a lower frequency of nonsense (41.0% vs. 54.2%) and frameshift mutations (10.5% vs. 18.4%) than Caucasian CRC. Among stage II/III patients receiving fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, APC mutations showed a significant association with worse survival (HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.62; p = .0179). Of the mutation types, frameshift mutations conferred the highest risk of death (HR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.54-5.37; p =.0009). Among individual mutation sites, Arg232Ter, the most frequent mutation in Chinese CRC, exhibited the strongest negative impact on survival (HR = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.16-6.03; p =.0202).Conclusion:APC overall mutation was an independent predictor for overall survival of stage II/III CRC patients receiving fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Hua
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaguang Li
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chowdhury P, Cha BS, Kim S, Lee ES, Yoon T, Woo J, Park KS. T7 Endonuclease I-mediated voltammetric detection of KRAS mutation coupled with horseradish peroxidase for signal amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:75. [PMID: 35083578 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and selective sensing of KRAS gene mutation which plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancers is of great significance in the early diagnosis of cancers. In the current study, we developed a simple electrochemical biosensor by differential pulse voltammetry technique for the specific detection of KRAS mutation that uses the mismatch-specific cleavage activity of T7-Endonuclease I (T7EI) coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, we synthesized the nanocomposite composed of multi-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan-ionic liquid/gold nanoparticles (MWCNT/Chit-IL/AuNPs) on screen-printed carbon electrode surface to increase the electrode surface area and electrochemical signal. In principle, T7E1 enzyme recognized and cleaved the mismatched site formed by the presence of KRAS gene mutation, removing 5'-biotin of capture probes and subsequently reducing the differential pulse voltammetry signal compared to wild-type KRAS gene. With this proposed strategy, a limit of detection of 11.89 fM was achieved with a broad linear relationship from 100 fM to 1 µM and discriminated 0.1% of mutant genes from the wild-type target genes. This confirms that the developed biosensor is a potential platform for the detection of mutations in early disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Cha
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwi Yoon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wills C, He Y, Summers MG, Lin Y, Phipps AI, Watts K, Law PJ, Al-Tassan NA, Maughan TS, Kaplan R, Houlston RS, Peters U, Newcomb PA, Chan AT, Buchanan DD, Gallinger S, Marchand LL, Pai RK, Shi Q, Alberts SR, Gray V, West HD, Escott-Price V, Dunlop MG, Cheadle JP. A genome-wide search for determinants of survival in 1926 patients with advanced colorectal cancer with follow-up in over 22,000 patients. Eur J Cancer 2021; 159:247-258. [PMID: 34794066 PMCID: PMC9132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified germline variants influencing the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), there has been limited examination of the possible role of inherited variation as a determinant of patient outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a GWAS for overall survival (OS) in 1926 patients with advanced CRC from the COIN and COIN-B clinical trials. For single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing an association with OS (P < 1.0 × 10-5), we conducted sensitivity analyses based on the time from diagnosis to death and sought independent replications in 5675 patients from the Study of Colorectal Cancer in Scotland (SOCCS) and 16,964 patients from the International Survival Analysis in Colorectal cancer Consortium (ISACC). We analysed the Human Protein Atlas to determine if ERBB4 expression was associated with survival in 438 patients with colon adenocarcinomas. RESULTS The most significant SNP associated with OS was rs79612564 in ERBB4 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.32, P = 1.9 × 10-7). SNPs at 17 loci had suggestive associations for OS and all had similar effects on the time from diagnosis to death. No lead SNPs were independently replicated in the meta-analysis of all patients from SOCCS and ISACC. However, rs79612564 was significant in stage-IV patients from SOCCS (P = 2.1 × 10-2) but not ISACC (P = 0.89) and SOCCS combined with COIN and COIN-B attained genome-wide significance (P = 1.7 × 10-8). Patients with high ERBB4 expression in their colon adenocarcinomas had worse survival (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9, P = 4.6 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS Genetic and expression data support a potential role for rs79612564 in the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4 as a predictive biomarker of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wills
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yazhou He
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Oncology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Matthew G Summers
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yi Lin
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie Watts
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College of London, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loic L Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Quantitative Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Victoria Gray
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hannah D West
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen D, Yang X, Liu M, Zhang Z, Xing E. Roles of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1256-1268. [PMID: 33402729 PMCID: PMC8636266 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells with complex pathology, causing significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction. The outcomes of patients with myeloma have significantly improved in the past couple of decades with the introduction of novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies. However, MM remains incurable and presents considerable individual heterogeneity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous noncoding RNAs of 19-22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Numerous studies have shown that miRNA deregulation is closely related to MM pathology, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and drug response, which make the complicated miRNA network an attractive and marvelous area of investigation for novel anti-MM therapeutic approaches. Herein, we mainly summarized the current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs, which are of great significance in regulating pathological factors involved in MM progressions, such as bone marrow microenvironment, methylation, immune regulation, genomic instability, and drug resistance. Meanwhile, their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets was also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xinhong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.
| | - Enhong Xing
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang C, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhu J, Huang Z, Zhang J, Chen J. CBFβ promotes colorectal cancer progression through transcriptionally activating OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1 in a RUNX2-dependent manner. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3176-3192. [PMID: 34050318 PMCID: PMC8563980 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly associated with aberrant transcription regulation, but characteristics of the dysregulated transcription factors in CRC pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, core-binding factor β (CBFβ) is found to be significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and correlates with poor survival rate of CRC patients. Mechanistically, CBFβ is found to promote CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibit cell apoptosis in a RUNX2-dependent way. Transcriptome studies reveal that CBFβ and RUNX2 form a transcriptional complex that activates gene expression of OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1. Furthermore, CBFβ significantly promotes CRC tumor growth and live metastasis in a mouse xenograft model and a mouse liver metastasis model. In addition, tumor-suppressive miR-143/145 are found to inhibit CBFβ expression by specifically targeting its 3'-UTR region. Consistently, an inverse correlation between miR-143/miR-145 and CBFβ expression levels is present in CRC patients. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel regulatory role of CBFβ-RUNX2 complex in the transcriptional activation of OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1 during CRC development, and may provide important insights into CRC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ouahoud S, Jacobs RJ, Kodach LL, Voorneveld PW, Hawinkels LJAC, Weil NL, van Vliet B, Herings RM, van der Burg LRA, van Wezel T, Morreau H, Slingerland M, Bastiaannet E, Putter H, Hardwick JCH. Statin use is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal cancer expressing SMAD4. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:297-301. [PMID: 34703008 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of statins is associated with a small reduced risk of colorectal cancer but their mechanism of action is not well understood. While they are generally believed to act on KRAS, we have previously proposed that they act via influencing the BMP pathway. The objective of this study was to look for associations between statin use and the risk of developing colorectal cancer of a particular molecular subtype. METHODS By linking two registries unique to the Netherlands, 69,272 statin users and 94,753 controls were identified and, if they developed colorectal cancer, their specimens traced. Colorectal cancers were molecularly subtyped according to the expression of SMAD4 and the mutation status of KRAS and BRAF. RESULTS Statin use was associated with a reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer regardless of molecular subtype (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.66-0.89) and a larger reduction in the risk of developing SMAD4-positive colorectal cancer (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42-0.82). There was no relationship between statin use and the risk of developing colorectal cancer with a mutation in KRAS and/or BRAF. CONCLUSIONS Statin use is associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer with intact SMAD4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ouahoud
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Jacobs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludmilla L Kodach
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip W Voorneveld
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki L Weil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Britt van Vliet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M Herings
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart R A van der Burg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen H, Wu C, Luo L, Wang Y, Peng F. circ_0000467 promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1415-1427. [PMID: 34616917 PMCID: PMC8464181 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs have been identified as crucial players in the initiation and progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The Has_circ_0000467 (circ_0000467) expression has been found to be upregulated in CRC, but its function and mechanism remain unclear. Methods The expression levels of circ_0000467, microRNA-4766-5p (miR-4766-5p), and Krueppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Transwell migration and invasion assays were applied to evaluate cell metastatic ability. Angiogenesis was detected using tube formation assay. All protein expressions were quantified by western blot assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze intergenic binding. Xenograft models were constructed for the experiment of circ_0000467 in vivo. Results The expression of circ_0000467 was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0000467 repressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, but it induced apoptosis in CRC cells. circ_0000467 targeted miR-4766-5p and inhibited the expression of miR-4766-5p. Silencing of circ_0000467 inhibited CRC progression by upregulating miR-4766-5p. miR-4766-5p suppressed the expression of target gene KLF12 and KLF12 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-4766-5p on CRC cell behaviors. circ_0000467 positively regulated the expression of KLF12 by targeting miR-4766-5p. circ_0000467 downregulation in vivo reduced CRC tumorigenesis by regulating miR-4766-5p and KLF12. Conclusion circ_0000467 acted as an oncogene in CRC through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p. Therefore, circ_0000467 can be used as an effective target in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, 621000, Mianyang, China
| | - Fangxing Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, No. 56, Yuejin Street, Fucheng District, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tsuda M, Noguchi M, Kurai T, Ichihashi Y, Ise K, Wang L, Ishida Y, Tanino M, Hirano S, Asaka M, Tanaka S. Aberrant expression of MYD88 via RNA-controlling CNOT4 and EXOSC3 in colonic mucosa impacts generation of colonic cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:5100-5113. [PMID: 34626022 PMCID: PMC8645755 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the worldwide incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) were third and second, respectively. As the 5‐y survival rate is low when CRC is diagnosed at an advanced stage, a reliable method to predict CRC susceptibility is important for preventing the onset and development and improving the prognosis of CRC. Therefore, we focused on the normal colonic mucosa to investigate changes in gene expression that may induce subsequent genetic alterations that induce malignant transformation. Comprehensive gene expression profiling in the normal mucosa adjacent to colon cancer (CC) compared with tissue from non‐colon cancer patients was performed. PCR arrays and qRT‐PCR revealed that the expression of 5 genes involved in the immune response, including MYD88, was increased in the normal mucosa of CC patients. The expression levels of MYD88 were strikingly increased in precancerous normal mucosa specimens, which harbored no somatic mutations, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis identified 2 novel RNA‐controlling molecules, EXOSC3 and CNOT4, that were significantly upregulated in the normal mucosa of CC patients and were clearly visualized in the nuclei. Forced expression of EXOSC3 and CNOT4 in human colonic epithelial cells increased the expression of IFNGR1, MYD88, NFκBIA, and STAT3 and activated ERK1/2 and JNK in 293T cells. Taken together, these results suggested that, in the inflamed mucosa, EXOSC3‐ and CNOT4‐mediated RNA stabilization, including that of MYD88, may trigger the development of cancer and can serve as a potential predictive marker and innovative treatment to control cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misa Noguchi
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kurai
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ichihashi
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Ise
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishida
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kerr DJ, Yang L. Personalising cancer medicine with prognostic markers. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103577. [PMID: 34563926 PMCID: PMC8477141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Oxford-Sichuan Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Li Yang
- Oxford-Sichuan Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Miyamoto S, Suda G, Ishikawa M, Hayashi H, Nimura S, Matsuno Y, Mori R, Tanishima S, Kudo T, Takagi T, Yamamoto Y, Ono S, Shimizu Y, Sakamoto N. Genomic profiling of intestinal/mixed-type superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:1071-1077. [PMID: 34584977 PMCID: PMC8454473 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The mechanism underlying carcinogenesis and the genomic features of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we examined the genomic features of incipient SNADETs, such as small lesions resected via endoscopic treatment, using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Methods Twenty consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for SNADETs of less than 20 mm between January and December 2017 were enrolled. Targeted genomic sequencing was performed through NGS using a panel of 160 cancer‐related genes. Furthermore, the alteration/mutation frequencies in SNADETs were examined. Results The maximum size of the SNADETs examined in this study was 12 mm in diameter. Five SNADETs were classified as low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) tumors, while 14 SNADETs were classified as high‐grade dysplasia tumors. Only one carcinoma in situ was detected. NGS data for 16 samples were obtained. APC alterations were detected in 81% of samples (13/16). KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 alterations were detected in 25% (4/16), 18.8% (3/16), and 6.3% (1/16) of cases, respectively. Conclusion We detected APC alterations in most small SNADETs resected via endoscopic treatment, from LGD to carcinoma samples. Even in SNADETs classified as small LGD exhibited KRAS and BRAF alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Marin Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hayashi
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Nimura
- Department of Pathology Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan
| | - Ryo Mori
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Development Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Development Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiko Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health Science University of Hokkaido Sapporo Japan
| | - Tomofumi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology Japan Community Health Care Organization Sapporo Hokushin Hospital Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peng KY, Jiang SS, Lee YW, Tsai FY, Chang CC, Chen LT, Yen BL. Stromal Galectin-1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cancer-Initiating Cell Features and Disease Dissemination Through SOX9 and β-Catenin: Development of Niche-Based Biomarkers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:716055. [PMID: 34568045 PMCID: PMC8462299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.716055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, making the development of biomarkers difficult based on this critical oncogenic pathway. Recent studies demonstrate that CRC tumor niche-stromal cells can activate β-catenin in cancer-initiating cells (CICs), leading to disease progression. We therefore sought to elucidate the molecular interactions between stromal and CRC cells for the development of prognostically relevant biomarkers. Assessment of CIC induction and β-catenin activation in CRC cells with two human fibroblast cell-conditioned medium (CM) was performed with subsequent mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to identify the potential paracrine factors. In vitro assessment with the identified factor and in vivo validation using two mouse models of disease dissemination and metastasis was performed. Prediction of additional molecular players with Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed, with subsequent in vitro and translational validation using human CRC tissue microarray and multiple transcriptome databases for analysis. We found that fibroblast-CM significantly enhanced multiple CIC properties including sphere formation, β-catenin activation, and drug resistance in CRC cells. MS identified galectin-1 (Gal-1) to be the secreted factor and Gal-1 alone was sufficient to induce multiple CIC properties in vitro and disease progression in both mouse models. IPA predicted SOX9 to be involved in the Gal-1/β-catenin interactions, which was validated in vitro, with Gal-1 and/or SOX9—particularly Gal-1high/SOX9high samples—significantly correlating with multiple aspects of clinical disease progression. Stromal-secreted Gal-1 promotes CIC-features and disease dissemination in CRC through SOX9 and β-catenin, with Gal-1 and SOX9 having a strong clinical prognostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yen Peng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu J, Huang QY, Ge CJ. Identification of prognostic long intergenic non-coding RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs with KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:717. [PMID: 34429757 PMCID: PMC8371979 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as a common type of human cancer, and KRAS mutations are correlated with poor CRC survival outcomes. The evaluation and prediction of CRC results remain challenging. In the present study, RNA sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to identify KRAS mutation-related prognostic long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) in CRC. Significantly dysregulated lincRNAs and independent prognostic lincRNAs with KRAS mutations in CRC were identified. Two lincRNAs with KRAS mutations, LINC00265 and AL390719.2, were selected as key prognostic lincRNAs for both 10- and 5-year survival rates. In addition, competing endogenous (ce)RNA models were constructed to comprehensively assess the oncogenic performance of the two key lincRNAs. The ceRNA models suggested that LINC00265 and AL390719.2 are critical for the cell cycle and cancer pathways. Finally, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to validate the ceRNA models in 12 pairs of CRC tissue samples. These prognostic lincRNAs may provide novel biomarkers for the prognostic prediction of CRC. The ceRNA model may also demonstrate the underlying mechanism of these lincRNAs in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Jin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chan HC, Huang CC, Huang CC, Chattopadhyay A, Yeh KH, Lee WC, Chiang CJ, Lee HY, Cheng SHC, Lu TP. Predicting Colon Cancer-Specific Survival for the Asian Population Using National Cancer Registry Data from Taiwan. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:853-863. [PMID: 34427821 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is the third most incident and life-threatening cancer in Taiwan. A comprehensive survival prediction system would greatly benefit clinical practice in this area. This study was designed to develop an accurate prognostic model for colon cancer patients by using clinicopathological variables obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. METHODS We analyzed 20,218 colon cancer patients from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database, who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2015, were followed up until December 31, 2017, and had undergone curative surgery. We proposed two prognostic models, with different combinations of predictors. The first model used only traditional clinical features. The second model included several colon cancer site-specific factors (circumferential resection margin, perineural invasion, obstruction, and perforation), in addition to the traditional features. Both prediction models were developed by using a Cox proportional hazards model. Furthermore, we investigated whether race is a significant predictor of survival in colon cancer patients by using Model 1 on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry dataset. RESULTS The proposed models displayed a robust prediction performance (all Harrell's c-index >0.8). For both the calibration and validation steps, the differences between the predicted and observed mortality were mostly less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS The prediction model (Model 1) is an effective predictor of survival regardless of the ethnic background of patients and can potentially help to provide better prediction of colon cancer-specific survival outcomes, thus allowing physicians to improve treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ching Chan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amrita Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Yeh
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Skye Hung-Chun Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang G, Qu F, Liu S, Zhou J, Wang Y. Nucleolar protein NOP2 could serve as a potential prognostic predictor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4841-4855. [PMID: 34334108 PMCID: PMC8806646 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1960130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable part for cancer precision medicine, biomarkers and signatures for predicting cancer prognosis and therapeutic benefits were urgently required. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic roles of NOP2 in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) for overall survival (OS) and its relationships with immunity. NOP2-related gene expression matrix associated with clinical information was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC dataset and NOP2-related pathways were identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Associations among the NOP2 expression and MSI, TMB, TNB, and immunity were also explored. Both the NOP2 mRNA and protein/phosphoprotein had a higher expression in ccRCC tumor tissues than in normal kidney tissues (both P < 0.001) and elevated NOP2 expression was associated with poor OS (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed the NOP2 expression was significantly linked to stage, age, grade, N stage, T stage, and M stage (all P < 0.05). Univariate/multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis results indicated that NOP2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS in ccRCC and GSEA revealed five NOP2-related signaling pathways. Nomogram based on NOP2 and eight clinical characteristic parameters (grade, age, stage, gender, T stage, race, M stage, N stage) was constructed and carefully evaluated. Furthermore, NOP2 gene expression was also found to be significantly related to MSI, TMB, and immunity. Our findings revealed that NOP2 might be a potential prognostic factor for OS in ccRCC and it was significantly associated with immunity, MSI, and TMB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangfang Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jincai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Synthetic Lethality Screening Highlights Colorectal Cancer Vulnerability to Concomitant Blockade of NEDD8 and EGFR Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153805. [PMID: 34359705 PMCID: PMC8345131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Identification of effective therapies for clinically aggressive, treatment-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an unmet clinical need. Targeted therapies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling axis lead to clinical benefits only in a small fraction of patients due to primary and acquired resistance. We previously showed that the NEDD8 pathway inhibitor pevonedistat induced tumor stabilization in preclinical models of aggressive CRC. Here, through synthetic lethality screenings, we found that pevonedistat could be successfully combined with EGFR pathway-targeted treatments in BRAF-mutant and RAS-RAF wild-type CRCs originally resistant to BRAF and EGFR blockade. We found that combined blockade of NEDD8 and EGFR pathways reverted compensatory feedback loops that reduced the efficacy of single treatments. Our results provide preclinical validation of a promising therapeutic strategy for clinically aggressive CRC resistant to EGFR and BRAF-targeted treatments. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease showing significant variability in clinical aggressiveness. Primary and acquired resistance limits the efficacy of available treatments, and identification of effective drug combinations is needed to further improve patients’ outcomes. We previously found that the NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat induced tumor stabilization in preclinical models of poorly differentiated, clinically aggressive CRC resistant to available therapies. To identify drugs that can be effectively combined with pevonedistat, we performed a “drop-out” loss-of-function synthetic lethality screening with an shRNA library covering 200 drug-target genes in four different CRC cell lines. Multiple screening hits were found to be involved in the EGFR signaling pathway, suggesting that, rather than inhibition of a specific gene, interference with the EGFR pathway at any level could be effectively leveraged for combination therapies based on pevonedistat. Exploiting both BRAF-mutant and RAS/RAF wild-type CRC models, we validated the therapeutic relevance of our findings by showing that combined blockade of NEDD8 and EGFR pathways led to increased growth arrest and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Pathway modulation analysis showed that compensatory feedback loops induced by single treatments were blunted by the combinations. These results unveil possible therapeutic opportunities in specific CRC clinical settings.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bidshahri R, Fakhfakh K, McNeil K, Won JR, Wolber R, Hughesman C, Haynes C. Analysis of
KRAS
G12
/
G13
in colorectal cancer using an economical digital
PCR
assay that unequivocally differentiates missense and synonymous alleles. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Bidshahri
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Kareem Fakhfakh
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Kelly McNeil
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jennifer R. Won
- Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Robert Wolber
- Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology Lion's Gate Hospital North Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Curtis Hughesman
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Lab British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Charles Haynes
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Genome Sciences and Technology Program Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Khan U, Chowdhury S, Billah MM, Islam KMD, Thorlacius H, Rahman M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147260. [PMID: 34298878 PMCID: PMC8307027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils form sticky web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as part of innate immune response. NETs are decondensed extracellular chromatin filaments comprising nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. NETs have been implicated in many gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the regulatory mechanisms of NET formation and potential pharmacological inhibitors in the context of CRC have not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we intend to highlight roles of NETs in CRC progression and metastasis as well as the potential of targeting NETs during colon cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umama Khan
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Sabrina Chowdhury
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Md Morsaline Billah
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Acrolein contributes to human colorectal tumorigenesis through the activation of RAS-MAPK pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12590. [PMID: 34131238 PMCID: PMC8206110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most well-known malignancies with high prevalence and poor 5-year survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) is capable of increasing the odds of developing CRC. Acrolein, an IARC group 2A carcinogen, can be formed from carbohydrates, vegetable oils, animal fats, and amino acids through the Maillard reaction during the preparation of foods. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through the consumption of foods rich in fat. However, whether acrolein contributes to HFD-induced CRC has not been determined. In this study, we found that acrolein induced oncogenic transformation, including faster cell cycling, proliferation, soft agar formation, sphere formation and cell migration, in NIH/3T3 cells. Using xenograft tumorigenicity assays, the acrolein-transformed NIH/3T3 clone formed tumors. In addition, cDNA microarray and bioinformatics studies by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis pointed to the fact that RAS/MAPK pathway was activated in acrolein-transformed clones that contributed to colon tumorigenesis. Furthermore, acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) were higher in CRC tumor tissues than in normal epithelial cells in CRC patients. Notably, CRC patients with higher levels of Acr-dG adducts appeared to have better prognosis. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that acrolein is important in oncogenic transformation through activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, contributing to colon tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee J, Kwon J, Kim D, Park M, Kim K, Bae I, Kim H, Kong J, Kim Y, Shin U, Kim E. Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Radio-Responsiveness in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060500. [PMID: 34205090 PMCID: PMC8226560 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) consists of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Identification of radio-resistant (RR) and radio-sensitive (RS) LARC has been a major hurdle for patient-specific treatment. The development of biomarkers that can discriminate radio-responsiveness before surgery could improve standard treatment and minimize unwanted side effects. Abstract LARC patients were sorted according to their radio-responsiveness and patient-derived organoids were established from the respective cancer tissues. Expression profiles for each group were obtained using RNA-seq. Biological and bioinformatic analysis approaches were used in deciphering genes and pathways that participate in the radio-resistance of LARC. Thirty candidate genes encoding proteins involved in radio-responsiveness–related pathways, including the immune system, DNA repair and cell-cycle control, were identified. Interestingly, one of the candidate genes, cathepsin E (CTSE), exhibited differential methylation at the promoter region that was inversely correlated with the radio-resistance of patient-derived organoids, suggesting that methylation status could contribute to radio-responsiveness. On the basis of these results, we plan to pursue development of a gene chip for diagnosing the radio-responsiveness of LARC patients, with the hope that our efforts will ultimately improve the prognosis of LARC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyong Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.K.); (M.P.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - DaYeon Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.); (I.B.)
- Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Misun Park
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.K.); (M.P.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - KwangSeok Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.); (I.B.)
- Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - InHwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.K.); (M.P.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - JoonSeog Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Younjoo Kim
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.K.); (M.P.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - UiSup Shin
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.K.); (M.P.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (E.K.)
| | - EunJu Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.); (I.B.)
- Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|