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Gong N, Alameh MG, El-Mayta R, Xue L, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ. Enhancing in situ cancer vaccines using delivery technologies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:607-625. [PMID: 38951662 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In situ cancer vaccination refers to any approach that exploits tumour antigens available at a tumour site to induce tumour-specific adaptive immune responses. These approaches hold great promise for the treatment of many solid tumours, with numerous candidate drugs under preclinical or clinical evaluation and several products already approved. However, there are challenges in the development of effective in situ cancer vaccines. For example, inadequate release of tumour antigens from tumour cells limits antigen uptake by immune cells; insufficient antigen processing by antigen-presenting cells restricts the generation of antigen-specific T cell responses; and the suppressive immune microenvironment of the tumour leads to exhaustion and death of effector cells. Rationally designed delivery technologies such as lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, scaffolds and polymeric nanoparticles are uniquely suited to overcome these challenges through the targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumour cells, immune cells or the extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss delivery technologies that have the potential to reduce various clinical barriers for in situ cancer vaccines. We also provide our perspective on this emerging field that lies at the interface of cancer vaccine biology and delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn institute for RNA innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn institute for RNA innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn institute for RNA innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Kiaheyrati N, Babaei A, Ranji R, Bahadoran E, Taheri S, Farokhpour Z. Cancer therapy with the viral and bacterial pathogens: The past enemies can be considered the present allies. Life Sci 2024; 349:122734. [PMID: 38788973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide despite significant advancements in cancer treatment. Many difficulties have arisen as a result of the detrimental consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a common cancer therapy, such as drug inability to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and also the drug resistance in tumor cells continues to be a major concern. These obstacles have increased the need for the development of new techniques that are more selective and effective against cancer cells. Bacterial-based therapies and the use of oncolytic viruses can suppress cancer in comparison to other cancer medications. The tumor microenvironment is susceptible to bacterial accumulation and proliferation, which can trigger immune responses against the tumor. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have also gained considerable attention in recent years because of their potential capability to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest literature on the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, discusses the limitations and challenges, outlines various strategies, summarizes recent preclinical and clinical trials, and emphasizes the importance of optimizing current strategies for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Kiaheyrati
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Reza Ranji
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Farokhpour
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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3
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Chattopadhyay S, Hazra R, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. A review exploring the fusion of oncolytic viruses and cancer immunotherapy: An innovative strategy in the realm of cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189110. [PMID: 38754793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as potent tools in cancer therapy, effectively targeting and eradicating oncogenic conditions while sparing healthy cells. They enhance antitumor immunity by triggering various immune responses throughout the cancer cycle. Genetically engineered OVs swiftly destroy cancerous tissues and activate the immune system by releasing soluble antigens like danger signals and interferons. Their ability to stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity makes them particularly attractive in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements involve combining OVs with other immune therapies, yielding promising results. Transgenic OVs, designed to enhance immunostimulation and specifically target cancer cells, further improve immune responses. This review highlights the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs and underscores their synergistic potential with other immunotherapies. It also proposes strategies for optimizing armed OVs to bolster immunity against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India.
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4
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Chen W, Liu H, Chen Y, Gao M. Enhancement of Therapeutic Potential of Oncolytic Virus with Homologous Tumor Cell Membranes for Pancreatic Cancer. IET Nanobiotechnol 2024; 2024:9970665. [PMID: 38863971 PMCID: PMC11095071 DOI: 10.1049/2024/9970665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional therapies often provide limited success, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a class of viruses that specifically target and kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. These viruses have shown promise in the treatment of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, their use in clinical settings has been limited by several factors. Their inability to efficiently infect and kill tumor cells. To overcome this limitation, a cell membrane-coated oncolytic virus was developed. However, the necessity of homologous and nonhomologous tumor cell membranes for their function has not yet been proven. This novel virus displayed increased infectivity and killing activity against tumor cells compared to nonhomologous tumor cell membranes and noncoated viruses. We believe that the homologous tumor cell membranes-coated OVs can enhance the therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Hefei 230011, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
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5
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Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
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6
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Zhang H, Wang H, An Y, Chen Z. Construction and application of adenoviral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102027. [PMID: 37808925 PMCID: PMC10556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youcai An
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Kamel MS, Munds RA, Verma MS. The Quest for Immunity: Exploring Human Herpesviruses as Vaccine Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16112. [PMID: 38003300 PMCID: PMC10671728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses that have long been used as powerful gene therapy tools. In recent years, the ability of herpesviruses to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses has led to their transition to various applications as vaccine vectors. This vaccinology branch is growing at an unprecedented and accelerated rate. To date, human herpesvirus-based vectors have been used in vaccines to combat a variety of infectious agents, including the Ebola virus, foot and mouth disease virus, and human immunodeficiency viruses. Additionally, these vectors are being tested as potential vaccines for cancer-associated antigens. Thanks to advances in recombinant DNA technology, immunology, and genomics, numerous steps in vaccine development have been greatly improved. A better understanding of herpesvirus biology and the interactions between these viruses and the host cells will undoubtedly foster the use of herpesvirus-based vaccine vectors in clinical settings. To overcome the existing drawbacks of these vectors, ongoing research is needed to further advance our knowledge of herpesvirus biology and to develop safer and more effective vaccine vectors. Advanced molecular virology and cell biology techniques must be used to better understand the mechanisms by which herpesviruses manipulate host cells and how viral gene expression is regulated during infection. In this review, we cover the underlying molecular structure of herpesviruses and the strategies used to engineer their genomes to optimize capacity and efficacy as vaccine vectors. Also, we assess the available data on the successful application of herpesvirus-based vaccines for combating diseases such as viral infections and the potential drawbacks and alternative approaches to surmount them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Kamel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Rachel A. Munds
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Krishi Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Mohit S. Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Krishi Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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8
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Zhang N, Guan Y, Li J, Yu J, Yi T. Inactivation of the DNA-sensing pathway facilitates oncolytic herpes simplex virus inhibition of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110969. [PMID: 37774484 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are a new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer that have shown promising results in clinical trials. Oncolytic virus-mediated tumor rejection is highly dependent on viral replication in tumor cells to induce cell death. However, the antiviral immune response of tumor cells limits the replication capacity of oncolytic viruses. We hypothesized that inhibition of the antiviral immune response in infected cells would enhance the antitumor effect. Here, we confirmed that ablation of the key adaptor protein of cellular immunity, STING, significantly suppressed the antiviral immune response and promoted oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV1) proliferation in tumor cells. In a murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, oHSV1 enhanced tumor suppression and prolonged the survival of mice in the absence of STING. On this basis, we further found that the TBK1 inhibitor can also significantly enhance the tumor-control ability of oHSV1. Our studies provide a novel strategy for oncolytic virus therapy by inhibiting the intrinsic antiviral response in solid tumors to improve antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yude Guan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tailong Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Zebardast A, Latifi T, shirzad M, Goodarzi G, Ebrahimi Fana S, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Yahyapour Y. Critical involvement of circular RNAs in virus-associated cancers. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2296-2305. [PMID: 37554189 PMCID: PMC10404876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-related cancer is cancer where viral infection leads to the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Seven viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)) that infect humans have been identified as an oncogene and have been associated with several human malignancies. Recently, growing attention has been attracted to exploring the pathogenesis of virus-related cancers. One of the most mysterious molecules involved in carcinogenesis and progression of virus-related cancers is circular RNAs (circRNA). These emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), due to the absence of 5' and 3' ends, have high stability than linear RNAs and are found in some species across the eukaryotic organisms. Compelling evidence has revealed that viruses also encode a repertoire of circRNAs, as well as dysregulation of these viral circRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of different types of virus-related cancers. Therefore, understanding the exact role and function of the virally encoded circRNAs with virus-associated cancers will open a new road for increasing our knowledge about the RNA world. Hence, in this review, we will focus on emerging roles of virus-encoded circRNAs in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi cancer, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Moein shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Yousef Yahyapour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176, Iran
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Liu J, Piranlioglu R, Ye F, Shu K, Lei T, Nakashima H. Immunosuppressive cells in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma: challenges and solutions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141034. [PMID: 37234776 PMCID: PMC10206241 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by the abundance of myeloid lineage cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a pivotal role in promoting immune suppression and tumor progression. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are self-amplifying cytotoxic agents that can stimulate local anti-tumor immune responses and have the potential to suppress immunosuppressive myeloid cells and recruit tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) to the tumor site, leading to an adaptive immune response against tumors. However, the impact of OV therapy on the tumor-resident myeloid population and the subsequent immune responses are not yet fully understood. This review provides an overview of how TAM and MDSC respond to different types of OVs, and combination therapeutics that target the myeloid population to promote anti-tumor immune responses in the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with cancer. However, promoting antitumour immunity in patients with tumours that are resistant to these therapies remains a challenge. Thermal therapies provide a promising immune-adjuvant strategy for use with immunotherapy, mostly owing to the capacity to reprogramme the tumour microenvironment through induction of immunogenic cell death, which also promotes the recruitment of endogenous immune cells. Thus, thermal immunotherapeutic strategies for various cancers are an area of considerable research interest. In this Review, we describe the role of the various thermal therapies and provide an update on attempts to combine these with immunotherapies in clinical trials. We also provide an overview of the preclinical development of various thermal immuno-nanomedicines, which are capable of combining thermal therapies with various immunotherapy strategies in a single therapeutic platform. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with the clinical translation of thermal immuno-nanomedicines and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary and inter-professional collaboration to facilitate the optimal translation of this technology from bench to bedside.
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12
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Ma R, Li Z, Chiocca EA, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The emerging field of oncolytic virus-based cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:122-139. [PMID: 36402738 PMCID: PMC9877109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide novel and promising therapeutic options for patients with cancers resistant to traditional therapies. Natural or genetically modified OVs are multifaceted tumor killers. They directly lyse tumor cells while sparing normal cells, and indirectly potentiate antitumor immunity by releasing antigens and activating inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. However, some limitations, such as limited penetration of OVs into tumors, short persistence, and the host antiviral immune response, are impeding the broad translation of oncolytic virotherapy into the clinic. If these challenges can be overcome, combination therapies, such as OVs plus immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, or CAR natural killer (NK) cells, may provide powerful therapeutic platforms in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
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13
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Gao L, Tan Y, Yang J, Xiang C. Dynamic analysis of an age structure model for oncolytic virus therapy. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:3301-3323. [PMID: 36899582 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as one of the serious diseases threatening human health. Oncolytic therapy is a safe and effective new cancer treatment method. Considering the limited ability of uninfected tumor cells to infect and the age of infected tumor cells have a significant effect on oncolytic therapy, an age-structured model of oncolytic therapy involving Holling-Ⅱ functional response is proposed to investigate the theoretical significance of oncolytic therapy. First, the existence and uniqueness of the solution is obtained. Furthermore, the stability of the system is confirmed. Then, the local stability and global stability of infection-free homeostasis are studied. The uniform persistence and local stability of the infected state are studied. The global stability of the infected state is proved by constructing the Lyapunov function. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation. The results show that when the tumor cells are at the appropriate age, injection of the right amount of oncolytic virus can achieve the purpose of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanshun Tan
- Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Changcheng Xiang
- Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
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14
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Phan TA, Tian JP. Hopf bifurcation without parameters in deterministic and stochastic modeling of cancer virotherapy, part II. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 515:126444. [PMID: 37008889 PMCID: PMC10062412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2022.126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In part II, we analyze our stochastic model which incorporates microenvironmental noises and uncertainties related to immune responses. Outcomes of the therapy in our model are largely determined by the infectivity constant, the infection value, and stochastic relative immune clearance rates. The infection value is a universal critical value for immune-free ergodic invariant probability measures and persistence in all cases. Asymptotic behaviors of the stochastic model are similar to those of its deterministic counterpart. Our stochastic model displays an interesting dynamical behavior, stochastic Hopf bifurcation without parameters, which is a new phenomenon. We perform numerical study to demonstrate how stochastic Hopf bifurcation without parameters occurs. In addition, we give biological implications about our analytical results in stochastic setting versus deterministic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Phan
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, The University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
| | - Jianjun Paul Tian
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
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15
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Danaeifar M. Recent advances in gene therapy: genetic bullets to the root of the problem. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00925-x. [PMID: 36284069 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetics and molecular genetic techniques have changed many perspectives and paradigms in medicine. Using genetic methods, many diseases have been cured or alleviated. Gene therapy, in its simplest definition, is application of genetic materials and related techniques to treat various human diseases. Evaluation of the trends in the field of medicine and therapeutics clarifies that gene therapy has attracted a lot of attention due to its powerful potential to treat a number of diseases. There are various genetic materials that can be used in gene therapy such as DNA, single- and double-stranded RNA, siRNA and shRNA. The main gene editing techniques used for in vitro and in vivo gene modification are ZNF, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9. The latter has increased hopes for more precise and efficient gene targeting as it requires two separate recognition sites which makes it more specific and can also cause rapid and sufficient cleavage within the target sequence. There must be carriers for delivering genes to the target tissue. The most commonly used carriers for this purpose are viral vectors such as adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses and lentiviruses. Non-viral vectors consist of bacterial vectors, liposomes, dendrimers and nanoparticles.
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16
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Singleton DC, Mowday AM, Guise CP, Syddall SP, Bai SY, Li D, Ashoorzadeh A, Smaill JB, Wilson WR, Patterson AV. Bioreductive prodrug PR-104 improves the tumour distribution and titre of the nitroreductase-armed oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-411 NTR leading to therapeutic benefit. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1021-1032. [PMID: 34837065 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy have stimulated renewed interest in adenoviruses as oncolytic agents. Clinical experience has shown that oncolytic adenoviruses are safe and well tolerated but possess modest single-agent activity. One approach to improve the potency of oncolytic viruses is to utilise their tumour selectivity to deliver genes encoding prodrug-activating enzymes. These enzymes can convert prodrugs into cytotoxic species within the tumour; however, these cytotoxins can interfere with viral replication and limit utility. In this work, we evaluated the activity of a nitroreductase (NTR)-armed oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-411NTR in combination with the clinically tested bioreductive prodrug PR-104. Both NTR-expressing cells in vitro and xenografts containing a minor population of NTR-expressing cells were highly sensitive to PR-104. Pharmacologically relevant prodrug exposures did not interfere with ONYX-411NTR replication in vitro. In vivo, prodrug administration increased virus titre and improved virus distribution within tumour xenografts. Colonisation of tumours with high ONYX-411NTR titre resulted in NTR expression and prodrug activation. The combination of ONYX-411NTR with PR-104 was efficacious against HCT116 xenografts, whilst neither prodrug nor virus were active as single agents. This work highlights the potential for future clinical development of NTR-armed oncolytic viruses in combination with bioreductive prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Singleton
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Alexandra M Mowday
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris P Guise
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sophie P Syddall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Y Bai
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Li
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amir Ashoorzadeh
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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18
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Peng Y, Fu S, Zhao Q. 2022 update on the scientific premise and clinical trials for IL-15 agonists as cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:823-834. [PMID: 35616357 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0422-506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cytokines and their receptors on immune cells constitute a highly complex network in the immune system. Some therapeutic cytokines and their derivatives have been approved for cancer treatment. IL-15 is an immune-regulating cytokine with multiple functions, among which the function of activating the immunity of cancer patients has great potential in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we introduce the functions of IL-15 and discuss its role in regulating the immune system in different immune cells. Meanwhile, we will address the applications of IL-15 agonists in cancer immunotherapy and provide prospects for the next generation of therapeutic designs. Although many challenges remain, IL-15 agonists offer a new therapeutic option in the future direction of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Peng
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shengyu Fu
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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19
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Differential In Vitro Growth and Cell Killing of Cancer versus Benign Prostate Cells by Oncolytic Parainfluenza Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050493. [PMID: 35631014 PMCID: PMC9147676 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective oncolytic viruses will require understanding the differences in virus replication and killing between normal and cancer cells. Here, we have evaluated infections of metastatic cancer (22Rv1) and benign non-tumorigenic (BPH-1) prostate cell lines with a mutant parainfluenza virus 5 (P/V/F) encoding a defective V protein and a hyperfusogenic F protein. Under low multiplicity of infection (MOI), the P/V/F mutant efficiently spread in 22Rv1 cells but was restricted in BPH-1 cells due to type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses. In mixed co-cultures, the P/V/F mutant showed specificity towards and spread within the 22Rv1 cells versus BPH-1 cells. Under high MOI conditions, both BPH-1 and 22Rv1 cells showed efficient infection by the P/V/F mutant. However, compared to BPH-1 cells, the 22Rv1 cancer cells showed increased cytopathic effect, higher induction of caspase-8 and -9, and extensive syncytia formation. In 22Rv1 spheroid cultures, P/V/F infection was less efficient compared to monolayers, but the virus was able to spread through spheroids and induce death. These data indicate that IFN-I sensitivity is a major determinant of specificity of P/V/F spread through populations of cancer versus benign cells, and additionally, differences in activation of apoptotic pathways and syncytia formation can contribute to differential outcomes in cancer versus benign cells.
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20
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Tian Y, Xie D, Yang L. Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 35387984 PMCID: PMC8987060 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. In addition to direct oncolysis, the essential and attractive aspect of oncolytic virotherapy is based on the intrinsic induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. To further augment this efficacious response, OVs have been genetically engineered to express immune regulators that enhance or restore antitumor immunity. Recently, combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), have led to promising progress in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs, describes the optimization strategies for using armed OVs to enhance the effects of antitumor immunity and highlights rational combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, 643000, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang F, Guo J, Zhang Z, Duan M, Wang G, Qian Y, Zhao H, Yang Z, Jiang X. Application of engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted tumor therapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:14. [PMID: 35189894 PMCID: PMC8862579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, could release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain many cellular components, including RNA, and surface proteins, and are essential for maintaining normal intercellular communication and homeostasis of the internal environment. EVs released from different tissues and cells exhibit excellent properties and functions (e.g., targeting specificity, regulatory ability, physical durability, and immunogenicity), rendering them a potential new option for drug delivery and precision therapy. EVs have been demonstrated to transport antitumor drugs for tumor therapy; additionally, EVs' contents and surface substance can be altered to improve their therapeutic efficacy in the clinic by boosting targeting potential and drug delivery effectiveness. EVs can regulate immune system function by affecting the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Co-delivery systems for EVs can be utilized to further improve the drug delivery efficiency of EVs, including hydrogels and liposomes. In this review, we discuss the isolation technologies of EVs, as well as engineering approaches to their modification. Moreover, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs in tumors, including engineered extracellular vesicles and EVs' co-delivery systems. Technologies such as microfluidics can improve EVs isolation efficiency. Engineering technologies can improve EVs drug loading efficiency and tumor targeting. EVs-based drug co-delivery systems are being developed, such as those with liposomes and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenghou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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22
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Carter ME, Koch A, Lauer UM, Hartkopf AD. Clinical Trials of Oncolytic Viruses in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:803050. [PMID: 35004328 PMCID: PMC8733599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.803050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common kind of cancer worldwide and oncolytic viruses may offer a new treatment approach. There are three different types of oncolytic viruses used in clinical trials; (i) oncolytic viruses with natural anti-neoplastic properties; (ii) oncolytic viruses designed for tumor-selective replication; (iii) oncolytic viruses modified to activate the immune system. Currently, fourteen different oncolytic viruses have been investigated in eighteen published clinical trials. These trials demonstrate that oncolytic viruses are well tolerated and safe for use in patients and display clinical activity. However, these trials mainly studied a small number of patients with different advanced tumors including some with breast cancer. Future trials should focus on breast cancer and investigate optimal routes of administration, occurrence of neutralizing antibodies, viral gene expression, combinations with other antineoplastic therapies, and identify subtypes that are particularly suitable for oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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23
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Barh D, Tiwari S, Gabriel Rodrigues Gomes L, Weener ME, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Lundstrom K, Hassan SS, Serrano-Aroca Á, Takayama K, Ghosh P, Redwan EM, Silva Andrade B, Soares SDC, Azevedo V, Uversky VN. Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Rare Anti-Tumor Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 in Isolated Cases of Lymphomas. Viruses 2021; 13:1927. [PMID: 34696358 PMCID: PMC8539762 DOI: 10.3390/v13101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, two cases of complete remission of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. However, the precise molecular mechanism of this rare event is yet to be understood. Here, we hypothesize a potential anti-tumor immune response of SARS-CoV-2 and based on a computational approach show that: (i) SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD may bind to the extracellular domains of CD15, CD27, CD45, and CD152 receptors of cHL or FL and may directly inhibit cell proliferation. (ii) Alternately, upon internalization after binding to these CD molecules, the SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein and ORF3a may bind to gamma-tubulin complex component 3 (GCP3) at its tubulin gamma-1 chain (TUBG1) binding site. (iii) The M protein may also interact with TUBG1, blocking its binding to GCP3. (iv) Both the M and ORF3a proteins may render the GCP2-GCP3 lateral binding where the M protein possibly interacts with GCP2 at its GCP3 binding site and the ORF3a protein to GCP3 at its GCP2 interacting residues. (v) Interactions of the M and ORF3a proteins with these gamma-tubulin ring complex components potentially block the initial process of microtubule nucleation, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (vi) The Spike-RBD may also interact with and block PD-1 signaling similar to pembrolizumab and nivolumab- like monoclonal antibodies and may induce B-cell apoptosis and remission. (vii) Finally, the TRADD interacting "PVQLSY" motif of Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1, that is responsible for NF-kB mediated oncogenesis, potentially interacts with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, NSP7, NSP10, and spike (S) proteins, and may inhibit the LMP-1 mediated cell proliferation. Taken together, our results suggest a possible therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Lucas Gabriel Rodrigues Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Marianna E. Weener
- Clinical Research Center, Oftalmic, CRO, 119334 Bardina Str. 22/4, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | | | - Sk. Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulazizi University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil;
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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24
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Ding C, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Age-structure model for oncolytic virotherapy. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A non-local delay differential system was developed by age-infected consideration to understand the interaction between tumor cells and oncolytic virus. The critical threshold value [Formula: see text] was obtained that dominates the dynamical behaviors of our model. By strongly [Formula: see text]-persistent and Comparison theorem, the global stability and uniformly strongly persistent were investigated. Our global sensitivity analyses indicate that [Formula: see text] is most sensitive to virus clearance rate [Formula: see text] while is least sensitive to viral life cycle [Formula: see text]. Finally, our model was used to fit with experimental data which indicates that viral life cycle [Formula: see text] plays a key role in data fitting. And the trained model shows perfect prediction in the testing data set with the coefficient of determination [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zizi Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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25
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Hu HJ, Liang X, Li HL, Wang HY, Gu JF, Sun LY, Xiao J, Hu JQ, Ni AM, Liu XY. Optimization of the Administration Strategy for the Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 in Both Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Mouse Models. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1481-1494. [PMID: 34155929 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ZD55-IL-24 is an armed oncolytic adenovirus similar but superior to ONYX-015. Virotherapeutic strategies using ZD55-IL-24 have been demonstrated to be effective against several cancer types. However, it is unclear whether the traditional administration strategy is able to exert the maximal antitumor efficacy of ZD55-IL-24. In this study, we sought to optimize the administration strategy of ZD55-IL-24 in both A375-bearing immunocompromised mouse model and B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model. Although the underlying antitumor mechanisms are quite different, the obtained results are similar in these two mouse tumor models. We find that the antitumor efficacy of ZD55-IL-24 increases as injection times increase in both of these two models. However, no obvious increase of efficacy is observed as the dose of each injection increases. Our further investigation reveals that the administration strategy of sustained ZD55-IL-24 therapy can achieve a better therapeutic effect than the traditional administration strategy of short-term ZD55-IL-24 therapy. Furthermore, there is no need to inject every day; every 2 or 3 days of injection achieves an equivalent therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we find that the sustained rather than the traditional short-term ZD55-IL-24 therapy can synergize with anti-PD-1 therapy to reject tumors in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model. These findings suggest that the past administration strategy of ZD55-IL-24 is in fact suboptimal and the antitumor efficacy can be further enhanced through administration strategy optimization. This study might shed some light on the development of clinically applicable administration regimens for ZD55-IL-24 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hai-Lang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Huai-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Fa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Min Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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26
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Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: Gene Therapies (Part II). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080976. [PMID: 34439595 PMCID: PMC8393930 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) still have a high rate of recurrence and lethality. Gene therapies were projected to overcome the therapeutic resilience of HGGs, due to the intrinsic genetic heterogenicity and immune evasion pathways. The present literature review strives to provide an updated overview of the novel gene therapies for HGGs treatment, highlighting evidence from clinical trials, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted through PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, using the keywords “high-grade glioma,” “glioblastoma,” and “malignant brain tumor”, combined with “gene therapy,” “oncolytic viruses,” “suicide gene therapies,” “tumor suppressor genes,” “immunomodulatory genes,” and “gene target therapies”. Only articles in English and published in the last 15 years were chosen, further screened based on best relevance. Data were analyzed and described according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Viruses were the most vehicles employed for their feasibility and transduction efficiency. Apart from liposomes, other viral vehicles remain largely still experimental. Oncolytic viruses and suicide gene therapies proved great results in phase I, II preclinical, and clinical trials. Tumor suppressor, immunomodulatory, and target genes were widely tested, showing encouraging results especially for recurrent HGGs. Conclusions: Oncolytic virotherapy and suicide genes strategies are valuable second-line treatment options for relapsing HGGs. Immunomodulatory approaches, tumor suppressor, and target genes therapies may implement and upgrade standard chemoradiotherapy. Future research aims to improve safety profile and prolonging therapeutic effectiveness. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of gene-based therapies.
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Vanhooren J, Derpoorter C, Depreter B, Deneweth L, Philippé J, De Moerloose B, Lammens T. TARP as antigen in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3061-3068. [PMID: 34050774 PMCID: PMC8164403 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, immunotherapy has become a pivotal element in cancer treatment. A remaining challenge is the identification of cancer-associated antigens suitable as targets for immunotherapeutics with potent on-target and few off-tumor effects. The T-cell receptor gamma (TCRγ) chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) was first discovered in the human prostate and androgen-sensitive prostate cancer. Thereafter, TARP was also identified in breast and endometrial cancers, salivary gland tumors, and pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia. Interestingly, TARP promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration, which is reflected in an association with worse survival. TARP expression in malignant cells, its role in oncogenesis, and its limited expression in normal tissues raised interest in its potential utility as a therapeutic target, and led to development of immunotherapeutic targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of TARP expression, its role in different cancer types, and currently investigated TARP-directed immunotherapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Vanhooren
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Derpoorter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Depreter
- Department of Haematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Larissa Deneweth
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Mozaffari Nejad AS, Noor T, Munim ZH, Alikhani MY, Ghaemi A. A bibliometric review of oncolytic virus research as a novel approach for cancer therapy. Virol J 2021; 18:98. [PMID: 33980264 PMCID: PMC8113799 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have drawn attention as a novel therapy to various types of cancers, both in clinical and preclinical cancer studies all around the world. Consequently, researchers have been actively working on enhancing cancer therapy since the early twentieth century. This study presents a systematic review of the literature on OVs, discusses underlying research clusters and, presents future directions of OVs research. Methods A total of 1626 published articles related to OVs as cancer therapy were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database published between January 2000 and March 2020. Various aspects of OVs research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, citations, research areas, and content analysis to find trending and emerging topics, were analysed using the bibliometrix package in the R-software. Results In terms of the number of publications, the USA based researchers were the most productive (n = 611) followed by Chinese (n = 197), and Canadian (n = 153) researchers. The Molecular Therapy journal ranked first both in terms of the number of publications (n = 133) and local citations (n = 1384). The most prominent institution was Mayo Clinic from the USA (n = 117) followed by the University of Ottawa from Canada (n = 72), and the University of Helsinki from Finland (n = 63). The most impactful author was Bell J.C with the highest number of articles (n = 67) and total local citations (n = 885). The most impactful article was published in the Cell journal. In addition, the latest OVs research mainly builds on four research clusters. Conclusion The domain of OVs research has increased at a rapid rate from 2000 to 2020. Based on the synthesis of reviewed studies, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, reovirus, and Newcastle disease virus have shown potent anti-cancer activity. Developed countries such as the USA, Canada, the UK, and Finland were the most productive, hence, contributed most to this field. Further collaboration will help improve the clinical research translation of this therapy and bring benefits to cancer patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tehjeeb Noor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Horten, Norway
| | - Ziaul Haque Munim
- Faculty of Technology, Natural and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Hamura R, Shirai Y, Shimada Y, Saito N, Taniai T, Horiuchi T, Takada N, Kanegae Y, Ikegami T, Ohashi T, Yanaga K. Suppression of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase impacts the modulation of transcription factor EB translocation in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2335-2348. [PMID: 33931930 PMCID: PMC8177769 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation plays a crucial role in the metabolism of biological macromolecules supplied by autophagy. The regulation of the autophagy‐lysosome system, which contributes to intracellular homeostasis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression, has recently been revealed as a promising therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the details of lysosomal catabolic function in PC cells have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show evidence that suppression of acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA), one of the lysosomal enzymes, improves chemosensitivity and exerts apoptotic effects on PC cells through the disturbance of expression of the transcription factor EB. The levels of lysosomal enzyme were elevated by gemcitabine in PC cells. In particular, the levels of GAA were responsive to gemcitabine in a dose–dependent and time–dependent manner. Small interfering RNA against the GAA gene (siGAA) suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in gemcitabine‐treated PC cells. In untreated PC cells, we observed accumulation of depolarized mitochondria. Gene therapy using adenoviral vectors carrying shRNA against the GAA gene increased the number of apoptotic cells and decreased the tumor growth in xenograft model mice. These results indicate that GAA is one of the key targets to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine and develop novel therapies for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Hamura
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Saito
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taniai
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takada
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities of Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Kugeratski FG, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Multifunctional Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6067593. [PMID: 33411885 PMCID: PMC8502448 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players of intercellular communication in the physiological and pathological setting. In cancer, EVs mediate complex signaling mechanisms between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and can influence tumor progression and the response to existing therapies. Importantly, EVs can be loaded with therapeutic agents and modified to display tumor-targeting molecules. In the field of nanomedicine, EVs have been engineered to serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles for several anticancer agents, including antibodies, chemotherapy, compounds, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonuclease 9), and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Notably, the engineered EVs were shown to suppress malignant features of cancer cells, to elicit antitumor immunity, and to decrease tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the EV-based therapies designed to target cancer cells and to educate components of the TME to drive antitumor responses. These studies illustrate the multifunctional applications of EVs in the development of anticancer therapies and their translational potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: Raghu Kalluri, MD, PhD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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31
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Béguin J, Gantzer M, Farine I, Foloppe J, Klonjkowski B, Maurey C, Quéméneur É, Erbs P. Safety, biodistribution and viral shedding of oncolytic vaccinia virus TG6002 administered intravenously in healthy beagle dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2209. [PMID: 33500518 PMCID: PMC7838210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging strategy that uses replication-competent viruses to kill tumor cells. We have reported the oncolytic effects of TG6002, a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus, in preclinical human xenograft models and canine tumor explants. To assess the safety, biodistribution and shedding of TG6002 administered by the intravenous route, we conducted a study in immune-competent healthy dogs. Three dogs each received a single intravenous injection of TG6002 at 105 PFU/kg, 106 PFU/kg or 107 PFU/kg, and one dog received three intravenous injections at 107 PFU/kg. The injections were well tolerated without any clinical, hematological or biochemical adverse events. Viral genomes were only detected in blood at the earliest sampling time point of one-hour post-injection at 107 PFU/kg. Post mortem analyses at day 35 allowed detection of viral DNA in the spleen of the dog which received three injections at 107 PFU/kg. Viral genomes were not detected in the urine, saliva or feces of any dogs. Seven days after the injections, a dose-dependent antibody mediated immune response was identified. In conclusion, intravenous administration of TG6002 shows a good safety profile, supporting the initiation of clinical trials in canine cancer patients as well as further development as a human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Béguin
- Transgene, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Maurey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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32
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Yano S, Tazawa H, Kishimoto H, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Real-Time Fluorescence Image-Guided Oncolytic Virotherapy for Precise Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E879. [PMID: 33477279 PMCID: PMC7830621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is one of the most promising, emerging cancer therapeutics. We generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus: OBP-301; a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing adenovirus, OBP-401; and Killer-Red-armed OBP-301. These oncolytic adenoviruses are driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter; therefore, they conditionally replicate preferentially in cancer cells. Fluorescence imaging enables visualization of invasion and metastasis in vivo at the subcellular level; including molecular dynamics of cancer cells, resulting in greater precision therapy. In the present review, we focused on fluorescence imaging applications to develop precision targeting for oncolytic virotherapy. Cell-cycle imaging with the fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) demonstrated that combination therapy of an oncolytic adenovirus and a cytotoxic agent could precisely target quiescent, chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) based on decoying the cancer cells to cycle to S-phase by viral treatment, thereby rendering them chemosensitive. Non-invasive fluorescence imaging demonstrated that complete tumor resection with a precise margin, preservation of function, and prevention of distant metastasis, was achieved with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) with a GFP-reporter adenovirus. A combination of fluorescence imaging and laser ablation using a KillerRed-protein reporter adenovirus resulted in effective photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT). Thus, imaging technology and the designer oncolytic adenoviruses may have clinical potential for precise cancer targeting by indicating the optimal time for administering therapeutic agents; accurate surgical guidance for complete resection of tumors; and precise targeted cancer-specific photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Center for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Center of Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (H.T.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA;
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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33
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Malinzi J, Basita KB, Padidar S, Adeola HA. Prospect for application of mathematical models in combination cancer treatments. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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34
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Takano G, Esaki S, Goshima F, Enomoto A, Hatano Y, Ozaki H, Watanabe T, Sato Y, Kawakita D, Murakami S, Murata T, Nishiyama Y, Iwasaki S, Kimura H. Oncolytic activity of naturally attenuated herpes-simplex virus HF10 against an immunocompetent model of oral carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:220-227. [PMID: 33665360 PMCID: PMC7889449 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis for advanced oral carcinoma remains poor. Oncolytic virotherapy uses replication-competent viruses to infect and kill only the tumor cells. However, it has been difficult to investigate the oncolytic activity of viruses against oral carcinomas in mouse models. This study established a mouse model of oral cancer and investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of HF10, a highly attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1. Mouse tongue cancer was induced by injecting 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide into the mouse tongue. The murine oral cancer cell line isolated from this tumor, named NMOC1, formed invasive carcinoma within a week when injected into mouse tongue. HF10 successfully infected, replicated, and spread in the cancer cells in vitro. HF10 was able to kill cancer cells isolated from human or mouse tongue tumor. HF10 injection into tongue carcinomas prolonged mouse survival without any side effects or weight loss. Intertumoral injection of GFP-expressing HF10 confirmed that viral spread was confined within the tumors. Immunohistochemical staining showed that HF10 induced infiltration of CD8-positive T cells around HSV-infected cells in the tumor mass, implying increased anti-tumor immunity. We successfully established an oral cancer cell line and showed that HF10 is a promising therapeutic agent for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Esaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Goshima
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hatano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Ozaki
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nishiyama
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Current Perspectives on Therapies, Including Drug Delivery Systems, for Managing Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2962-2977. [PMID: 32945654 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a standout among the most dangerous class of central nervous system (CNS) cancer, is most common and is an aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. In spite of developments in modality therapy, it remains mostly incurable. Consequently, the need for novel systems, strategies, or therapeutic approaches for enhancing the assortment of active agents meant for GBM becomes an important criterion. Currently, cancer research focuses mainly on improving the treatment of GBM via diverse novel drug delivery systems. The treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include radiation therapy. Moreover, significant advances in understanding the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies. Innovative treatment such as immunotherapy also gives hope for enhanced survival. The objective of this work was to collect and report the recent research findings to manage GBM. The present review includes existing novel drug delivery systems and therapies intended for managing GBM. Reported novel drug delivery systems and diverse therapies seem to be precise, secure, and relatively effective, which could lead to a new track for the obliteration of GBM.
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36
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Chen J, Weihs D, Vermolen FJ. A Cellular Automata Model of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:103. [PMID: 32737595 PMCID: PMC7395005 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is known as a new treatment to employ less virulent viruses to specifically target and damage cancer cells. This work presents a cellular automata model of oncolytic virotherapy with an application to pancreatic cancer. The fundamental biomedical processes (like cell proliferation, mutation, apoptosis) are modeled by the use of probabilistic principles. The migration of injected viruses (as therapy) is modeled by diffusion through the tissue. The resulting diffusion–reaction equation with smoothed point viral sources is discretized by the finite difference method and integrated by the IMEX approach. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are done to quantitatively evaluate the correlations between various input parameters and numerical results. As we expected, our model is able to simulate the pancreatic cancer growth at early stages, which is calibrated with experimental results. In addition, the model can be used to predict and evaluate the therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - D Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - F J Vermolen
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Division of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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37
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Phan TA, Tian JP. Basic stochastic model for tumor virotherapy. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2020; 17:4271-4294. [PMID: 32987579 PMCID: PMC8881055 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of oncolytic virotherapy arises from many factors. In this study, we incorporate environmental noise and stochastic effects to our basic deterministic model and propose a stochastic model for viral therapy in terms of Ito stochastic differential equations. We conduct a detailed analysis of the model using boundary methods. We find two combined parameters, one describes possibilities of eradicating tumors and one is an increasing function of the viral burst size, which serve as thresholds to classify asymptotical dynamics of the model solution paths. We show there are three ergodic invariant probability measures which correspond to equilibrium states of the deterministic model, and extra possibility to eradicate tumor due to strong variance of tumor growth rate and medium viral burst size. Numerical analysis demonstrates several typical solution paths with biological explanations. In addition, we provide some medical interpretations and implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Phan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88001, USA
| | - Jianjun Paul Tian
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88001, USA
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38
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Mi R, Fan W, Ji J, Dong C, Jin G, Liu F. The enhanced efficacy of herpes simplex virus by lentivirus mediated VP22 and cytosine deaminase gene therapy against glioma. Brain Res 2020; 1743:146898. [PMID: 32439343 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the comprehensive treatment of surgery following by concurrent radiochemotherapy, the prognosis of malignant glioma remains unsatisfactory with an awful median survival time of only 12-18 months. This might be improved by the development of oncolytic herpes simplex virus. However, the biggest challenge of recombinant herpes simplex virus (rHSV) lies in their limited therapeutic efficiency in clinical trials. This study aims to enhance the efficacy of rHSV against glioma by a HSV-1 tegument protein VP22 modified cytosine deaminase/5-flurocytosine (CD/5-FC) suicide gene system. Stable glioma cell lines carrying CD or VP22-CD fusion gene were successfully obtained by lentiviral infection following Fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The lethal effect of the prodrug 5-FC was significantly increased in the transduced VP22-CD glioma cells compared to the transduced CD glioma cells. Interestingly, VP22 was found to elicit the enhanced efficacy of rHSV-1 against glioma. Furthermore, we detected a synergistic efficacy of rHSV-1 combined with lentivirus mediated VP22 and CD suicide gene therapy in the orthotopic glioma xenograft models. In conclusion, we successfully established the stable cell lines carrying VP22-CD fusion genes. The incorporation of VP22 further induced an enhanced efficacy of rHSV-1 as well as CD suicide gene therapy respectively and synthetically in vitro. Also, we demonstrated an increased therapeutic benefit of rHAV-1 by VP22 modified CD gene therapy against glioma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Mi
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin Central Hospital for Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayu Ji
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chengyuan Dong
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China.
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Keshavarz M, Ebrahimzadeh MS, Miri SM, Dianat-Moghadam H, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Mohebbi SR, Keyvani H, Ghaemi A. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus delivered by Mesenchymal stem cells-engineered system enhances the therapeutic effects altering tumor microenvironment. Virol J 2020; 17:64. [PMID: 32370750 PMCID: PMC7201980 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancy remain a main cause of cancer in men and women. Cancer immunotherapy has represented great potential as a new promising cancer therapeutic approach. Here, we report Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a carrier for the delivery of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for the treatment of HPV-associated tumor. Methods For this purpose, MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL mice, then cultured and characterized subsequently by the flow cytometry analysis for the presence of cell surface markers. In this study, we sought out to determine the impacts of MSCs loaded with oncolytic NDV on splenic T cell and cytokine immune responses, caspase-3 and -9 expression, and myeloid and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by histological and immunohistochemical studies in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Results Our findings proved that MSCs possess both migratory capacity and tumor tropism toward transplanted tumor tissue after peritumoral administration. Tumor therapy experiments indicated that oncolytic NDV delivered by MSCs-engineered system significantly reduces tumor growth, which is associated with the enhancement of E7-specific lymphocyte proliferation, CD8+ T cell cytolysis responses, and splenic IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 responses compared with control groups. Moreover, the treatment upregulated the concentration of apoptotic proteins (caspase 9) and increased infiltration of tumor microenvironment with CD11b + myeloid and Gr1 + MDSCs cells. Conclusions Our data suggest MSCs carrying oncolytic NDV as a potentially effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy through inducing splenic Th1 immune responses and apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Kim J, Sestito LF, Im S, Kim WJ, Thomas SN. Poly(cyclodextrin)-Polydrug Nanocomplexes as Synthetic Oncolytic Virus for Locoregional Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908788. [PMID: 33071710 PMCID: PMC7566879 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the approval of oncolytic virus therapy for advanced melanoma, its intrinsic limitations that include the risk of persistent viral infection and cost-intensive manufacturing motivate the development of analogous approaches that are free from the disadvantages of virus-based therapies. Herein, we report a nanoassembly comprised of multivalent host-guest interactions between polymerized paclitaxel (pPTX) and nitric oxide incorporated polymerized β-cyclodextrin (pCD-pSNO) that through its bioactive components and when used locoregionally recapitulates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic virus. The resultant pPTX/pCD-pSNO exhibits significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell activation and T cell expansion in vitro compared to free agents alone or in combination. In vivo, intratumoral administration of pPTX/pCD-pSNO results in activation and expansion of dendritic cells systemically, but with a corresponding expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8+ T cell expansion. When combined with antibody targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 that blunts this molecule's signaling effects on T cells, intratumoral pPTX/pCD-pSNO treatment elicits potent anticancer effects that significantly prolong animal survival. This formulation thus leverages the chemo- and immunotherapeutic synergies of paclitaxel and nitric oxide and suggests the potential for virus-free nanoformulations to mimic the therapeutic action and benefits of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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41
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Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040775. [PMID: 32218257 PMCID: PMC7226090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death since most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and the current systemic treatment options using molecular-targeted drugs remain unsatisfactory. However, the recent success of cancer immunotherapies has revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy. Since HCC is characterized by metachronous multicentric occurrence, immunotherapies that induce systemic and durable responses could be an appealing treatment option. Despite the suppressive milieu of the liver and tumor immunosurveillance escape mechanisms, clinical studies of checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced HCC have yielded promising results. Here, we provide an update on recent advances in HCC immunotherapies. First, we describe the unique tolerogenic properties of hepatic immunity and its interaction with HCC and then review the status of already or nearly available immune checkpoint blockade-based therapies as well as other immunotherapy strategies at the preclinical or clinical trial stage.
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42
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Cervera-Carrascon V, Quixabeira DCA, Havunen R, Santos JM, Kutvonen E, Clubb JHA, Siurala M, Heiniö C, Zafar S, Koivula T, Lumen D, Vaha M, Garcia-Horsman A, Airaksinen AJ, Sorsa S, Anttila M, Hukkanen V, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Comparison of Clinically Relevant Oncolytic Virus Platforms for Enhancing T Cell Therapy of Solid Tumors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:47-60. [PMID: 32322662 PMCID: PMC7163046 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite some promising results, the majority of patients do not benefit from T cell therapies, as tumors prevent T cells from entering the tumor, shut down their activity, or downregulate key antigens. Due to their nature and mechanism of action, oncolytic viruses have features that can help overcome many of the barriers currently facing T cell therapies of solid tumors. This study aims to understand how four different oncolytic viruses (adenovirus, vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and reovirus) perform in that task. For that purpose, an immunocompetent in vivo tumor model featuring adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy was used. Tumor growth control (p < 0.001) and survival analyses suggest that adenovirus was most effective in enabling T cell therapy. The complete response rate was 62% for TILs + adenovirus versus 17.5% for TILs + PBS. Of note, TIL biodistribution did not explain efficacy differences between viruses. Instead, immunostimulatory shifts in the tumor microenvironment mirrored efficacy results. Overall, the use of oncolytic viruses can improve the utility of T cell therapies, and additional virus engineering by arming with transgenes can provide further antitumor effects. This phenomenon was seen when an unarmed oncolytic adenovirus was compared to Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (TILT-123). A clinical trial is ongoing, where patients receiving TIL treatment also receive TILT-123 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04217473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Kutvonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - James H A Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Koivula
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dave Lumen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Vaha
- Regenerative Pharmacology Group, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arturo Garcia-Horsman
- Regenerative Pharmacology Group, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veijo Hukkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Exploiting loss of heterozygosity for allele-selective colorectal cancer chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1308. [PMID: 32161261 PMCID: PMC7066191 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy targeting frequent loss of heterozygosity events is an attractive concept, since tumor cells may lack enzymatic activities present in normal constitutional cells. To find exploitable targets, we map prevalent genetic polymorphisms to protein structures and identify 45 nsSNVs (non-synonymous small nucleotide variations) near the catalytic sites of 17 enzymes frequently lost in cancer. For proof of concept, we select the gastrointestinal drug metabolic enzyme NAT2 at 8p22, which is frequently lost in colorectal cancers and has a common variant with 10-fold reduced activity. Small molecule screening results in a cytotoxic kinase inhibitor that impairs growth of cells with slow NAT2 and decreases the growth of tumors with slow NAT2 by half as compared to those with wild-type NAT2. Most of the patient-derived CRC cells expressing slow NAT2 also show sensitivity to 6-(4-aminophenyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-amine (APA) treatment. These findings indicate that the therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs can be altered by bystander mutations affecting drug metabolic genes.
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44
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Tazawa H, Hasei J, Yano S, Kagawa S, Ozaki T, Fujiwara T. Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: A New Target for Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020478. [PMID: 32085583 PMCID: PMC7072448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is widely and frequently used as a virus vector in cancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment for inducing lytic cell death in tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Based on the Ad5 genome, we have generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses: OBP-301 (Telomelysin), green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing OBP-401 (TelomeScan), and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702. These viruses drive the expression of the adenoviral E1A and E1B genes under the control of the hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase-encoding gene) promoter, providing tumor-specific virus replication. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of three hTERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenoviruses against bone and soft-tissue sarcoma cells with telomerase activity. OBP-301 induces the antitumor effect in monotherapy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs via induction of autophagy and apoptosis. OBP-401 enables visualization of sarcoma cells within normal tissues by serving as a tumor-specific labeling reagent for fluorescence-guided surgery via induction of GFP expression. OBP-702 exhibits a profound antitumor effect in OBP-301-resistant sarcoma cells via activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising antitumor reagents that are expected to provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tazawa
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7491; Fax: +81-86-235-7492
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (J.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Shuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (J.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
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Kwon J, Bakhoum SF. The Cytosolic DNA-Sensing cGAS-STING Pathway in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 10:26-39. [PMID: 31852718 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of DNA as an immune-stimulatory molecule is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to initiate rapid innate immune responses against microbial pathogens. The cGAS-STING pathway was discovered as an important DNA-sensing machinery in innate immunity and viral defense. Recent advances have now expanded the roles of cGAS-STING to cancer. Highly aggressive, unstable tumors have evolved to co-opt this program to drive tumorigenic behaviors. In this review, we discuss the link between the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway and antitumor immunity as well as cancer progression, genomic instability, the tumor microenvironment, and pharmacologic strategies for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The cGAS-STING pathway is an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism against viral infections. Given its role in activating immune surveillance, it has been assumed that this pathway primarily functions as a tumor suppressor. Yet, mounting evidence now suggests that depending on the context, cGAS-STING signaling can also have tumor and metastasis-promoting functions, and its chronic activation can paradoxically induce an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kwon
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Guo Y, Niu B, Tian JP. Backward Hopf bifurcation in a mathematical model for oncolytic virotherapy with the infection delay and innate immune effects. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2019; 13:733-748. [PMID: 31532345 PMCID: PMC8881057 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2019.1667443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider a system of delay differential equations that models the oncolytic virotherapy on solid tumours with the delay of viral infection in the presence of the innate immune response. We conduct qualitative and numerical analysis, and provide possible medical implications for our results. The system has four equilibrium solutions. Fixed point analysis indicates that increasing the burst size and infection rate of the viruses has positive contribution to the therapy. However, increasing the immune killing infection rate, the immune stimulation rate, or the immune killing virus rate may lead the treatment failed. The viral infection time delay induces backward Hopf bifurcations, which means that the therapy may fail before time delay increases passing through a Hopf bifurcation. The parameter analysis also shows how saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations occur as viral burst size and other parameters vary, which yields further insights into the dynamics of the virotherapy.
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47
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Lv C, Zhang TY, Lin Y, Tang M, Zhai CH, Xia HF, Wang J, Zhang ZL, Xie ZX, Chen G, Pang DW. Transformation of Viral Light Particles into Near-Infrared Fluorescence Quantum Dot-Labeled Active Tumor-Targeting Nanovectors for Drug Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7035-7042. [PMID: 31502461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized oncolytic viral light particles (L-particles), separated from progeny virions, are composed of envelopes and several tegument proteins of viruses, free of nucleocapsids. The noninfectious L-particles experience the same internalization process as mature oncolytic virions, which exhibits great potential to act as targeted therapeutic platforms. However, the clinical applications of L-particle-based theranostic platforms are rare due to the lack of effective methods to transform L-particles into nanovectors. Herein, a convenient and mild strategy has been developed to transform L-particles into near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence Ag2Se quantum dot (QD)-labeled active tumor-targeting nanovectors for real-time in situ imaging and drug delivery. Utilizing the electroporation technique, L-particles can be labeled with ultrasmall water-dispersible NIR fluorescence Ag2Se QDs with a labeling efficiency of ca. 85% and loaded with antitumor drug with a loading efficiency of ca. 87%. Meanwhile, by harnessing the infection mechanism of viruses, viral L-particles are able to recognize and enter tumor cells without further modification. In sum, a trackable and actively tumor-targeted theranostics nanovector can be obtained efficiently and simultaneously. Such multifunctional nanovectors transformed from viral L-particles have exhibited excellent properties of active tumor-targeting, in vivo tumor imaging, and antitumor efficacy, which opens a new window for the development of natural therapeutic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Man Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Hua Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xie
- College of Life Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
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Oncolytic activity of HF10 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:585-598. [PMID: 31477804 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in therapeutic strategies have improved the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nevertheless, 5-year survival rate remains only 40%, necessitating new therapeutic agents. Oncolytic virotherapy entails use of replication-competent viruses to selectively kill cancer cells. We aimed to explore the potential of HF10 as an oncolytic virus against human or mouse HNSCC cell lines, and primary-cultured HNSCC cells. HF10 replicated well in all the HNSCC cells, in which it induced cytopathic effects and cell killing. Next, we investigated the oncolytic effects of HF10 in ear tumor models with human or mouse tumor cells. We detected HF10-infected cells within the ear tumors based on their expression of green fluorescent protein. HF10 injection suppressed ear tumor growth and prolonged overall survival. In the syngeneic model, HF10 infection induced tumor necrosis with infiltration of CD8-positive cells. Moreover, the splenocytes of HF10-treated mice released antitumor cytokines, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, after stimulation with tumor cells in vitro. The HF10-treated mice that survived their original tumor burdens rejected tumor cells upon re-challenge. These results suggested that HF10 killed HNSCC cells and induced antitumoral immunity, thereby establishing it as a promising agent for the treatment of HNSCC patients.
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Zhao J, Tian JP. Spatial Model for Oncolytic Virotherapy with Lytic Cycle Delay. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:2396-2427. [PMID: 31089864 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We formulate a mathematical model of functional partial differential equations for oncolytic virotherapy which incorporates virus diffusivity, tumor cell diffusion, and the viral lytic cycle based on a basic oncolytic virus dynamics model. We conduct a detailed analysis for the dynamics of the model and carry out numerical simulations to demonstrate our analytic results. Particularly, we establish the positive invariant domain for the [Formula: see text] limit set of the system and show that the model has three spatially homogenous equilibriums solutions. We prove that the spatially uniform virus-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable for any viral lytic period delay and diffusion coefficients of tumor cells and viruses when the viral burst size is smaller than a critical value. We obtain the conditions, for example the ratio of virus diffusion coefficient to that of tumor cells is greater than a value and the viral lytic cycle, is greater than a critical value, under which the spatially uniform positive steady state is locally asymptotically stable. We also obtain conditions under which the system undergoes Hopf bifurcations, and stable periodic solutions occur. We point out medical implications of our results which are difficult to obtain from models without combining diffusive properties of viruses and tumor cells with viral lytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Paul Tian
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA. .,School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Immunotherapeutic advances in gastrointestinal malignancies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:4. [PMID: 30729176 PMCID: PMC6363766 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important global issue with increasing incidence and mortality, placing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in US. It is estimated that in 2018 there will be 319,160 new diagnosis and 160,820 deaths related to cancer of the digestive system including both genders in the United States alone. Considering limited success of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in treatment of these cancer patients, new therapeutic avenues are under constant investigation. Therapy options have consistently moved away from typical cytotoxic chemotherapy where patients with a given type and stage of the disease were treated similarly, to an individualized approach where a tumor is defined by its specific tissue characteristics /epigenetic profile, protein expression and genetic mutations. This review takes a deeper look at the immune-biological aspects of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract (entire digestive tract extending from esophagus/stomach to rectum, including pancreatico-biliary apparatus) and discusses the different treatment modalities that are available or being developed to target the immune system for better disease outcome.
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