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Huang H, Qin J, Wen Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang C, Li H, Yang X. Effects of natural extract interventions in prostate cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155598. [PMID: 38608596 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over years, there has been a widespread quest for effective dietary patterns and natural extracts to mitigate prostate cancer risk. However, despite numerous experimental studies conducted on various natural extracts, the evidence substantiating their efficacy remains largely insufficient. This dearth of compelling evidence presents a significant challenge in advocating for their widespread use as preventive measures against prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE Our study endeavors to undertake a network meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of natural extracts on prostate cancer. METHODS Researchers systematically searched through Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases until December 2023. The main focus was on assessing primary outcomes comprising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We conducted data analysis utilizing StataMP 15.0 software. Therapeutic effects were ranked based on the probability values derived from Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA). Additionally, cluster analysis was employed to assess the impacts of natural extracts on three distinct outcomes. RESULTS Following screening procedures, the 28 eligible studies were incorporated, the selected studies encompassed 1,566 prostate cancer patients and evaluated 16 different natural extract treatments. Specifically, 24 trials included PSA indicators, 10 included IGF-1 indicators, and 8 included IGFBP-3 indicators. The findings revealed that, based on the SUCRA values, the combined therapy of silybin with selenium (74%) appears to be the most effective approach for reducing serum PSA levels. Simultaneously, silybin alone (84.6%) stands out as the most promising option for decreasing serum IGF-1 levels. Lastly, concerning IGFBP-3, silybin alone (67.7%) emerges as the optimal choice. Twelve studies provided comprehensive information on adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE), whereas five articles did not report any significant ADR/ADE. CONCLUSION The NMA suggests that, compared to placebo, utilizing silybin either alone or in combination with selenium has been shown to enhance therapeutic effects, offering potential benefits to patients with prostate cancer. This study can offer valuable insights for prostate patients considering natural extract treatments. Further evidence is required to confirm the safety profile of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Wei Y, Jiang H, Li F, Chai C, Xu Y, Xing M, Deng W, Wang H, Zhu Y, Yang S, Yu Y, Wang W, Wei Y, Guo Y, Tian J, Du J, Guo Z, Wang Y, Zhao Q. Extravascular administration of IGF1R antagonists protects against aortic aneurysm in rodent and porcine models. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadh1763. [PMID: 38691618 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. We identified plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as an independent risk factor in patients with AAA by correlating plasma IGF1 with risk. Smooth muscle cell- or fibroblast-specific knockout of Igf1r, the gene encoding the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), attenuated AAA formation in two mouse models of AAA induced by angiotensin II infusion or CaCl2 treatment. IGF1R was activated in aortic aneurysm samples from human patients and mice with AAA. Systemic administration of IGF1C, a peptide fragment of IGF1, 2 weeks after disease development inhibited AAA progression in mice. Decreased AAA formation was linked to competitive inhibition of IGF1 binding to its receptor by IGF1C and modulation of downstream alpha serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Localized application of an IGF1C-loaded hydrogel was developed to reduce the side effects observed after systemic administration of IGF1C or IGF1R antagonists in the CaCl2-induced AAA mouse model. The inhibitory effect of the IGF1C-loaded hydrogel administered at disease onset on AAA formation was further evaluated in a guinea pig-to-rat xenograft model and in a sheep-to-minipig xenograft model of AAA formation. The therapeutic efficacy of IGF1C for treating AAA was tested through extravascular delivery in the sheep-to-minipig model with AAA established for 2 weeks. Percutaneous injection of the IGF1C-loaded hydrogel around the AAA resulted in improved vessel flow dynamics in the minipig aorta. These findings suggest that extravascular administration of IGF1R antagonists may have translational potential for treating AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Institute of Imaging Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Liu G, Liu D, Zhu M, Zhang M, Li C, Xu X, Pan F. Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes the testicular sperm production by improving germ cell survival and proliferation in high-fat diet-treated male mice. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38639009 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decrease in semen volume among men is comparable to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. The anabolic hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can promote proliferation and differentiation in cultured mouse spermatogonial stem cells and alleviate abnormal in vitro spermatogenesis. Additionally, serum IGF-1 level is negatively correlated with body mass index. Whereas the role of IGF-1 in the sperm production in obese men remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of IGF-1 on spermatogenesis of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. METHODS An HFD-induced obesity mouse model was established. Alterations in testicular morphology, sperm count, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed by H&E staining,immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Exogenous recombinant IGF-1 was administered to obese mice to investigate the correlations between altered testicular IGF-1 levels and sperm production. RESULTS The sperm count was reduced, the testicular structure was disordered, and sex hormone levels were abnormal in HFD-fed mice compared with normal diet-fed mice. The expression of proliferation-related antigens such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 was decreased, while that of proapoptotic proteins such as c-caspase3 was increased in testes from HFD-fed mice. Most importantly, the phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in testes was decreased due to reductions in IGF-1 from hepatocytes and Sertoli cells. Recombinant IGF-1 alleviated these functional impairments by promoting IGF-1R, Akt, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in the testes. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is intimately linked to damaged sperm production in obese male mice. Exogenous IGF-1 can improve survival and proliferation as well as sperm production. This study provides a novel theoretical basis and a target for the treatment of obese men with oligozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minggang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of, Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of, Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yanar KE, Gür C, Değirmençay Ş, Aydın Ö, Aktaş MS, Baysal S. Insulin-like growth factor-1 expression levels in pro-inflammatory response in calves with neonatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110706. [PMID: 38159440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), serum immunoglobulin profiles (IgG and IgM), and lipid peroxidation status (MDA) in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines. A case-controlled, prospective, and observational investigation was completed on 85 calves. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood samples of both the SIRS and healthy calves, followed by reverse transcription into cDNA. The resulting cDNAs were mixed with iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix and primers specific to the relevant genes using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument. After the reaction was completed, gene expressions were normalised against β-actin using the 2-ΔΔCT method. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely (IL-1β [SIRS: 2.15 ± 0.55, Control: 1.13 ± 0.62; P = 0.001], IL-6 [SIRS: 2.82 ± 0.52, Control: 0.91 ± 0.11; P < 0.001], IL-18 [SIRS: 1.92 ± 0.41, Control: 0.99 ± 0.13; P < 0.001], and TNF-α [SIRS: 2.59 ± 0.28, Control: 0.93 ± 0.09; P < 0.001]) and IGF-1 (SIRS: 3.55 ± 0.55, Control: 0.91 ± 0.15; P < 0.001) were up-regulated in calves with SIRS, while serum IgG (SIRS: 4.16 ± 0.26, Control: 1.73 ± 0.17; P < 0.001), IgM (SIRS: 1.55 ± 0.11, Control: 1.09 ± 0.13; P < 0.001), and MDA levels (SIRS: 41.12 ± 3.48, Control: 3.76 ± 0.81; P < 0.001) increased significantly in these calves. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.01) positive correlations were found in calves with SIRS in relation to the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IGF-1, serum immunoglobulins, and MDA levels. These results suggest that IGF-1 could be a valuable pro-inflammatory marker, considering its high positive correlation with the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and markers (MDA, IgG, and IgM) in calves with SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Emre Yanar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Değirmençay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Aydın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sinan Aktaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Baysal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gull H, Ikram A, Khalil AA, Ahmed Z, Nemat A. Assessing the multitargeted antidiabetic potential of three pomegranate peel-specific metabolites: An in silico and pharmacokinetics study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7188-7205. [PMID: 37970376 PMCID: PMC10630828 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs due to impaired secretion of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Recent studies show that the antidiabetic drugs used to control hyperglycemic levels are associated with undesirable adverse effects. Therefore, developing a safe and effective medicine with antidiabetic potential is needed. In this context, in silico studies are considered a rapid, effectual, and cost-effective method in drug discovery procedures. It is evident from the literature that plant-based natural components have shown promising outcomes in drug development to alleviate various diseases and hence have diversified the screening of potential antidiabetic agents. Purposely, in the present study, an in silico approach was performed on three Punica granatum peel metabolites (punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid). All these three compounds were docked against nine protein targets involved in glucose metabolism (GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2). These three pomegranate-specific compounds demonstrated significant interactions with GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2 protein targets. Specifically, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid revealed significant binding scores (-9.2, -9.3, -8.1, -9.1, -8.5, -11.3, -9.2, -9.5, -10.1 kcal/mol; -10, -9.9, -8.5, -8.9, -10.4, -9.0, -10.2, -9.4, -9.0 kcal/mol; and -8.1, -8.0, -8.0, -6.8, -8.7, -7.8, -8.3, -8.1, -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively), with nine protein targets mentioned above. Hence, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid can be promising candidates in drug discovery to manage diabetes. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials must be conducted to validate the outcomes of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gull
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Arash Nemat
- Department of MicrobiologyKabul University of Medical SciencesKabulAfghanistan
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Suzawa M, Bland ML. Insulin signaling in development. Development 2023; 150:dev201599. [PMID: 37847145 PMCID: PMC10617623 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient intake is obligatory for animal growth and development, but nutrients alone are not sufficient. Indeed, insulin and homologous hormones are required for normal growth even in the presence of nutrients. These hormones communicate nutrient status between organs, allowing animals to coordinate growth and metabolism with nutrient supply. Insulin and related hormones, such as insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like peptides, play important roles in development and metabolism, with defects in insulin production and signaling leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes. Here, we describe the insulin hormone family and the signal transduction pathways activated by these hormones. We highlight the roles of insulin signaling in coordinating maternal and fetal metabolism and growth during pregnancy, and we describe how secretion of insulin is regulated at different life stages. Additionally, we discuss the roles of insulin signaling in cell growth, stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. We provide examples of the role of insulin in development across multiple model organisms: Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Suzawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Viola CM, Frittmann O, Jenkins HT, Shafi T, De Meyts P, Brzozowski AM. Structural conservation of insulin/IGF signalling axis at the insulin receptors level in Drosophila and humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6271. [PMID: 37805602 PMCID: PMC10560217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-related hormones regulate key life processes in Metazoa, from metabolism to growth, lifespan and aging, through an evolutionarily conserved insulin signalling axis (IIS). In humans the IIS axis is controlled by insulin, two insulin-like growth factors, two isoforms of the insulin receptor (hIR-A and -B), and its homologous IGF-1R. In Drosophila, this signalling engages seven insulin-like hormones (DILP1-7) and a single receptor (dmIR). This report describes the cryoEM structure of the dmIR ectodomain:DILP5 complex, revealing high structural homology between dmIR and hIR. The excess of DILP5 yields dmIR complex in an asymmetric 'T' conformation, similar to that observed in some complexes of human IRs. However, dmIR binds three DILP5 molecules in a distinct arrangement, showing also dmIR-specific features. This work adds structural support to evolutionary conservation of the IIS axis at the IR level, and also underpins a better understanding of an important model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Viola
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Orsolya Frittmann
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Huw T Jenkins
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Talha Shafi
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pierre De Meyts
- Department of Cell Signalling, de Duve Institute, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Cell Therapy Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2670, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Andrzej M Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Werner H. The IGF1 Signaling Pathway: From Basic Concepts to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14882. [PMID: 37834331 PMCID: PMC10573540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a peptide growth factor with important functions in multiple aspects of growth, development and metabolism. The biological actions of IGF1 are mediated by the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), a cell-surface protein that is evolutionarily related to the insulin receptor (InsR). The effects of IGF1 are moderated by a group of binding proteins (IGFBPs) that bind and transport the ligand in the circulation and extracellular fluids. In mechanistic terms, IGF1R function is linked to the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Furthermore, IGF1R has been shown to migrate to cell nucleus, where it functions as a transcriptional activator. The co-localization of IGF1R and MAPK in the nucleus is of major interest as it suggests novel mechanistic paradigms for the IGF1R-MAPK network. Given its potent anti-apoptotic and pro-survival roles, and in view of its almost universal pattern of expression in most types of cancer, IGF1R has emerged as a promising molecular target in oncology. The present review article provides a concise overview of key scientific developments in the research area of IGF and highlights a number of more recent findings, including its nuclear migration and its interaction with oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Peng R, Cao J, Zhang C, Zhou J, Su BB, Tu DY, Jiang GQ, Jin SJ, Xu YP, Bai DS. In vivo CRISPR screen identifies LTN1 as a novel tumor suppressor ubiquitinating insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0256. [PMID: 37708447 PMCID: PMC10503668 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and aggressive kind of cancer. Although E3 ligases play important roles in HCC development, several E3 ligases remain unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Through in vivo CRISPR knockout (KO) screens targeting related E3 ligase genes in HCC nude mice models, we discovered LTN1 as a novel tumor suppressor in HCC. Co-IP paired with 2D-LC-MS/MS and subsequent western blotting in HCC cells were used to identify the interactome of LTN1. Compared to matched normal tissues, the expression of LTN1 was decreased in human HCC tissues (ANT) (157/209). Clinically, patients with HCC who expressed low levels of LTN1 had a poor prognosis. Forced expression of LTN1 decreased cell growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of LTN1 increased cell growth. Mechanistically, elevated LTN1 expression inhibited HCC cell growth by ubiquitinating and destabilizing the IGF2BP1 protein, which inhibited the c-Myc and IGF-1R signaling pathways. There was a negative correlation between the LTN1 protein expression and the IGF2BP1 protein expression in HCC tissues (R2=0.2799, P=0.0165). CONCLUSIONS LTN1 may be a crucial tumor suppressor for determining the prognosis and a possible therapeutic target since it inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells by ubiquitinating IGF2BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Bing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Yuan Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dou-Sheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Guijarro LG, Justo Bermejo FJ, Boaru DL, De Castro-Martinez P, De Leon-Oliva D, Fraile-Martínez O, Garcia-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon M, Toledo-Lobo MDV, Ortega MA. Is Insulin Receptor Substrate4 (IRS4) a Platform Involved in the Activation of Several Oncogenes? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4651. [PMID: 37760618 PMCID: PMC10526421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The IRS (insulin receptor substrate) family of scaffold proteins includes insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS4), which is expressed only in a few cell lines, including human kidney, brain, liver, and thymus and some cell lines. Its N-terminus carries a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and a pleckstrin homology domain (PH), which distinguishes it as a member of this family. In this paper, we collected data about the molecular mechanisms that explain the relevance of IRS4 in the development of cancer and identify IRS4 differences that distinguish it from IRS1 and IRS2. Search engines and different databases, such as PubMed, UniProt, ENSEMBL and SCANSITE 4.0, were used. We used the name of the protein that it encodes "(IRS-4 or IRS4)", or the combination of these terms with the word "(cancer)" or "(human)", for searches. Terms related to specific tumor pathologies ("breast", "ovary", "colon", "lung", "lymphoma", etc.) were also used. Despite the lack of knowledge on IRS4, it has been reported that some cancers and benign tumors are characterized by high levels of IRS-4 expression. Specifically, the role of IRS-4 in different types of digestive tract neoplasms, gynecological tumors, lung cancers, melanomas, hematological tumors, and other less common types of cancers has been shown. IRS4 differs from IRS1 and IRS2 in that can activate several oncogenes that regulate the PI3K/Akt cascade, such as BRK and FER, which are characterized by tyrosine kinase-like activity without regulation via extracellular ligands. In addition, IRS4 can activate the CRKL oncogene, which is an adapter protein that regulates the MAP kinase cascade. Knowledge of the role played by IRS4 in cancers at the molecular level, specifically as a platform for oncogenes, may enable the identification and validation of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Guijarro
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | | | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Patricia De Castro-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - María del Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.B.); (D.D.L.-O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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11
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Rüggeberg S, Wanglin A, Demirel Ö, Hack R, Niederhaus B, Bidlingmaier B, Blumrich M, Usener D. Progress towards the Replacement of the Rabbit Blood Sugar Test for the Quantitative Determination of the Biological Activity of Insulins (USP <121>) with an In Vitro Assay. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2953. [PMID: 37760353 PMCID: PMC10525547 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For the quantification of insulin activity, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general chapter <121> continues to require the rabbit blood sugar test. For new insulin or insulin analogue compounds, those quantitative data are expected for stability or comparability studies. At Sanofi, many rabbits were used to fulfil the authority's requirements to obtain quantitative insulin bioactivity data until the in vivo test was replaced. In order to demonstrate comparability between the in vivo and in vitro test systems, this study was designed to demonstrate equivalency. The measurement of insulin lispro and insulin glargine drug substance and drug product batches, including stress samples (diluted or after temperature stress of 30 min at 80 °C), revealed a clear correlation between the in vitro and in vivo test results. The recovery of quantitative in vitro in-cell Western (ICW) results compared to the in vivo test results was within the predefined acceptance limits of 80% to 125%. Thus, the in vitro ICW cell-based bioassay leads to results that are equivalent to the rabbit blood sugar test per USP <121>, and it is highly suitable for insulin activity quantification. For future development compounds, the in vitro in-cell Western cell-based assay can replace the rabbit blood sugar test required by USP <121>.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antje Wanglin
- CMC-Bioanalytics, R&D Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirel
- CMC-Bioanalytics, R&D Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hack
- TIM Global Compliance and Policy, R&D Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Usener
- CMC-Bioanalytics, R&D Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Rojek A, Wikiera B, Noczynska A, Niedziela M. Syndrome of Congenital Insulin Resistance Caused by a Novel INSR Gene Mutation. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:312-317. [PMID: 34965699 PMCID: PMC10448552 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the INSR gene result in rare inherited syndromes causing insulin resistance, such as leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome), Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome and insulin resistance type A. Leprechaunism is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with extreme insulin resistance that leads to hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. Impaired insulin action causes prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Lipoatrophy, dysmorphic facies, hypertrichosis, macrogenitosomia and hypertrophy of internal organs are also present. A male infant with congenital insulin resistance was born at term after a normal pregnancy with a weight of 1905 g (<3 c), a length of 48 cm (<3 c), and an Apgar score of 10. Intrauterine growth retardation, transient hypoglycemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and heart defects [patent foramen ovale (PFO); patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)] were diagnosed after birth. At 5 weeks of age, he was admitted to the regional hospital with severe fever, diarrhea and dehydration. Hyperglycemia was observed (672 mg/dL), and insulin was administered. He was referred to a hospital at 7 weeks of age for suspected neonatal diabetes and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The physical examination revealed a loud systolic heart murmur, tachycardia, tachypnea, dysmorphic facies, hypertrichosis, acanthosis nigricans, hypotonia, swollen nipples and enlarged testicles. Glycemic fluctuations (50-250 mg/dL) were observed. The serum insulin concentration was high (maximum 1200 IU/mL) at normoglycemia. Ultrasound of the heart confirmed progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Leprechaunism was confirmed by genetic analysis of INSR, in which a novel c.320C>G; p. Thr107Arg homozygous missense mutation was found in exon 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rojek
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Wikiera
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Noczynska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology; Karol Jonscher’s Clinical Hospital, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a type II receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of IR signaling is linked to many human diseases, such as diabetes and cancers. The resolution revolution in cryo-electron microscopy has led to the determination of several structures of IR with different numbers of bound insulin molecules in recent years, which have tremendously improved our understanding of how IR is activated by insulin. Here, we review the insulin-induced activation mechanism of IR, including (a) the detailed binding modes and functions of insulin at site 1 and site 2 and (b) the insulin-induced structural transitions that are required for IR activation. We highlight several other key aspects of the activation and regulation of IR signaling and discuss the remaining gaps in our understanding of the IR activation mechanism and potential avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
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14
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Rajoria B, Zhang X, Yee D. IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10209. [PMID: 37373357 PMCID: PMC10299323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) system in breast cancer progression has been a matter of interest for decades, but targeting this system did not result in a successful clinical strategy. The system's complexity and homology of its two receptors-insulin receptor (IR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R)-are possible causes. The IGF system maintains cell proliferation and also regulates metabolism, making it a pathway to explore. To understand the metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells, we quantified their real-time ATP production rate upon acute stimulation with ligands-insulin-like growth factor 1 (1GF-1) and insulin. MCF-7L cells express both IGF-1R and IR, while tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7L (MCF-7L TamR) cells have downregulated IGF-1R with unchanged IR levels. Treating MCF-7L cells with 5 nM IGF-1 increased the glycolytic ATP production rate, while 10 nM insulin did not affect metabolism when compared with the control. Neither treatment altered ATP production in MCF-7L TamR cells. This study provides evidence of the relationship between metabolic dysfunction, cancer, and the IGF axis. In these cells, IGF-1R, and not IR, regulates ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Rajoria
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Xihong Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Douglas Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone essential for maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Individuals unable to secrete sufficient insulin or not able to respond properly to insulin develop diabetes. Since the discovery of insulin its structure and function has been intensively studied with the aim to develop effective diabetes treatments. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this 51 amino acid peptide paved the way for discoveries, outlined in this review, of determinants important for receptor binding and hormone stability that have been instrumental in development of insulin analogs used in the clinic today. Important for the future development of effective diabetes treatments will be a detailed understanding of the insulin receptor structure and function. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of the insulin receptor, a receptor tyrosine kinase, proved challenging but with the recent advent of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy significant progress has been made. There are now >40 structures of the insulin:insulin receptor complex deposited in the Protein Data Bank. From these structures we have a detailed picture of how insulin binds and activates the receptor. Still lacking are details of the initial binding events and the exact sequence of structural changes within the receptor and insulin. In this review, the focus will be on the most recent structural studies of insulin:insulin receptor complexes and how they have contributed to the current understanding of insulin receptor activation and signaling outcome. Molecular mechanisms underlying insulin receptor signaling bias emerging from the latest structures are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony E Forbes
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
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16
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McDonnell JM, Dhaliwal B, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ. IgE, IgE Receptors and Anti-IgE Biologics: Protein Structures and Mechanisms of Action. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:255-275. [PMID: 36737596 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of IgE in mammals added an extra layer of immune protection at body surfaces to provide a rapid and local response against antigens from the environment. The IgE immune response employs potent expulsive and inflammatory forces against local antigen provocation, at the risk of damaging host tissues and causing allergic disease. Two well-known IgE receptors, the high-affinity FcεRI and low-affinity CD23, mediate the activities of IgE. Unlike other known antibody receptors, CD23 also regulates IgE expression, maintaining IgE homeostasis. This mechanism evolved by adapting the function of the complement receptor CD21. Recent insights into the dynamic character of IgE structure, its resultant capacity for allosteric modulation, and the potential for ligand-induced dissociation have revealed previously unappreciated mechanisms for regulation of IgE and IgE complexes. We describe recent research, highlighting structural studies of the IgE network of proteins to analyze the uniquely versatile activities of IgE and anti-IgE biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
| | | | - B J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
| | - H J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
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Wu Z, Huang W, He X, Dutta S, Paul C, Fan GC, Kanisicak O, Xu M, Liang J, Wang Y. Myocardial IGF2R is a critical mediator of inflammation and fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537835. [PMID: 37131709 PMCID: PMC10153233 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common occurrence in various surgical procedures used to treat heart diseases. However, the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) during the process of myocardial I/R remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the expression, distribution, and functionality of IGF2R in various I/R-associated models (such as reoxygenation, revascularization, and heart transplant). Loss-of-function studies (including myocardial conditional knockout and CRISPR interference) were performed to clarify the role of IGF2R in I/R injuries. Following hypoxia, IGF2R expression increased, but this effect was reversed upon restoration of oxygen levels. Loss of myocardial IGF2R was found to enhance the cardiac contractile functions, and reduced cell infiltration or cardiac fibrosis of I/R mouse models compared to the genotype control. CRISPR-inhibition of IGF2R decreased cell apoptotic death under hypoxia. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that myocardial IGF2R played a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response, innate immune response, and apoptotic process following I/R. Integrated analysis of the mRNA profiling, pulldown assays, and mass spectrometry identified granulocyte-specific factors as potential targets of myocardial IGF2R in the injured heart. In conclusion, myocardial IGF2R emerges as a promising therapeutic target to ameliorate inflammation or fibrosis following I/R injuries.
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18
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Jiráček J, Selicharová I, Žáková L. Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:187-230. [PMID: 37717985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating how insulin and the related insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) bind to their cellular receptors (IR and IGF-1R) and how the receptors are activated has been the holy grail for generations of scientists. However, deciphering the 3D structure of tyrosine kinase receptors and their hormone-bound complexes has been complicated by the flexible and dimeric nature of the receptors and the dynamic nature of their interaction with hormones. Therefore, mutagenesis of hormones and kinetic studies first became an important tool for studying receptor interactions. It was suggested that hormones could bind to receptors through two binding sites on the hormone surface called site 1 and site 2. A breakthrough in knowledge came with the solution of cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of hormone-receptor complexes. In this chapter, we document in detail the mutagenesis of insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 with emphasis on modifications of the hypothetical binding site 2 in the hormones, and we discuss the results of structure-activity studies in light of recent cryoEM structures of hormone complexes with IR and IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Jiráček
- From Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Selicharová
- From Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- From Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Wang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Cheng Y, Wang S, Xia P, Hao L. Porcine IGF-1R synonymous mutations in the extracellular domain affect proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Gene 2023; 854:147098. [PMID: 36496177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Miniature pigs are considered ideal organ donors for xenotransplantation in humans, but the mechanism underlying their dwarfism remains to be elucidated. IGF-1R is a crucial factor in body size formation in mammals, including skeletal muscle formation and development. The extracellular domain (ECD) binds to the ligand, a phenomenon that results in the activation of downstream pathways. METHODS In this study, the coding sequences of two IGF-1R ECD haplotypes of the large Landrace (LP) pig and the small Bama Xiang (BM) pig were cloned into pcDNA3.1 vectors to generate pcDNA3.1-LP and pcDNA3.1-BM. The two recombinant vectors were then transfected into skeletal muscle cells. RESULTS IGF-1R transcript was found to be expressed at higher levels in the pcDNA3.1-LP group than in the pcDNA3.1-BM group. The IGF-1R ECD from LP promoted cell proliferation and CyclinD1 expression, and promoted the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (to yield p-AKT). Moreover, the IGF-1R ECD from LP increased cell differentiation and the expression of myogenic determination factor (MyoD). CONCLUSION Our data indicated that the IGF-1R ECD haplotypes between pig breeds with different body sizes affect IGF-1R expression, in turn affecting the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by activating downstream signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Peijun Xia
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
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20
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Viola CM, Frittmann O, Jenkins HT, Shafi T, Meyts PD, Brzozowski AM. Structural Conservation of Insulin/IGF Signalling Axis at the Insulin Receptors Level in Drosophilaand humans.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe insulin-related hormones regulate key life processes in Metazoa, from metabolism to growth, lifespan and aging, through an evolutionarily conserved insulin signalling axis (IIS). In humans the IIS axis is controlled by insulin, two insulin-like growth factors, two isoforms of the insulin receptor (hIR-A and -B), and its homologous IGF-1R. InDrosophila, this signalling engages seven insulin-like hormones (DILP1-7) and a single receptor (dmIR). This report describes the first cryoEM structure of the dmIR ectodomain:DILP5 complex, revealing high structural homology between dmIR and hIR. The excess of DILP5 yields dmIR complex in an asymmetric ‘T’ conformation, similar to that observed in some complexes of human IRs. However, dmIR binds three DILP5 molecules in a hitherto-unseen arrangement, showing also dmIR-specific features. This work adds structural support to evolutionary conservation of the IIS axis at the IRs levels, underpinning also a better understanding of an important model organism.
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Emerging Role of IGF-1 in Prostate Cancer: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041287. [PMID: 36831629 PMCID: PMC9954466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease driven by gene alterations and microenvironmental influences. Not only enhanced serum IGF-1 but also the activation of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling components has been increasingly recognized to have a vital driving role in the development of PCa. A better understanding of IGF-1/IGF-1R activity and regulation has therefore emerged as an important subject of PCa research. IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling affects diverse biological processes in cancer cells, including promoting survival and renewal, inducing migration and spread, and promoting resistance to radiation and castration. Consequently, inhibitory reagents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R have been developed to limit cancer development. Multiple agents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling have shown effects against tumor growth in tumor xenograft models, but further verification of their effectiveness in PCa patients in clinical trials is still needed. Combining androgen deprivation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics with IGF-1R antagonists based on reliable predictive biomarkers and developing and applying novel agents may provide more desirable outcomes. This review will summarize the contribution of IGF-1 signaling to the development of PCa and highlight the relevance of this signaling axis in potential strategies for cancer therapy.
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22
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Insulin‑like growth factor axis: A potential nanotherapy target for resistant cervical cancer tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:128. [PMID: 36844628 PMCID: PMC9950333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is among the most frequently occurring neoplasms worldwide, and it particularly affects individuals in developing countries. Factors such as the low quality of screening tests, the high incidence of locally advanced cancer stages and the intrinsic resistance of certain tumors are the main causes of failure in the treatment of this neoplasm. Due to advances in the understanding of carcinogenic mechanisms and bioengineering research, advanced biological nanomaterials have been manufactured. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including IGF receptor 1. These receptors are activated by binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and insulin, and play an important role in the development, maintenance, progression, survival and treatment resistance of cervical cancer. In the present review, the role of the IGF system in cervical cancer and three nanotechnological applications that use elements of this system are described, namely Trap decoys, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and protein nanotubes. Their use in the treatment of resistant cervical cancer tumors is also discussed.
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23
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Maity D. Inhibition of Amyloid Protein Aggregation Using Selected Peptidomimetics. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200499. [PMID: 36317359 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation leads to the formation of amyloid fibrils. This phenomenon is linked to the development of more than 40 irremediable diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Plenty of research efforts have been given to understanding the underlying mechanism of protein aggregation, associated toxicity, and the development of amyloid inhibitors. Recently, the peptidomimetic approach has emerged as a potential tool to modulate several protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In this review, we discussed selected peptidomimetic-based approaches for the modulation of important amyloid proteins (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Amyloid Beta, α-synuclein, mutant p53, and insulin) aggregation. This approach holds a powerful platform for creating an essential stepping stone for the vital development of anti-amyloid therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maity
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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24
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Gorai B, Vashisth H. Structural models of viral insulin-like peptides and their analogs. Proteins 2023; 91:62-73. [PMID: 35962629 PMCID: PMC9772067 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR), the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin/IGF1 hybrid receptors (hybR) are homologous transmembrane receptors. The peptide ligands, insulin and IGF1, exhibit significant structural homology and can bind to each receptor via site-1 and site-2 residues with distinct affinities. The variants of the Iridoviridae virus family show capability in expressing single-chain insulin/IGF1 like proteins, termed viral insulin-like peptides (VILPs), which can stimulate receptors from the insulin family. The sequences of VILPs lacking the central C-domain (dcVILPs) are known, but their structures in unbound and receptor-bound states have not been resolved to date. We report all-atom structural models of three dcVILPs (dcGIV, dcSGIV, and dcLCDV1) and their complexes with the receptors (μIR, μIGF1R, and μhybR), and probed the peptide/receptor interactions in each system using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the nonbonded interaction energies computed between each residue of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) and the receptors, we provide details on residues establishing significant interactions. The observed site-1 insulin/μIR interactions are consistent with previous experimental studies, and a residue-level comparison of interactions of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) with the receptors revealed that, due to sequence differences, dcVILPs also establish some interactions distinct from those between insulin and IR. We also designed insulin analogs and report enhanced interactions between some analogs and the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Gorai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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25
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Magkos F, Reeds DN, Mittendorfer B. Evolution of the diagnostic value of "the sugar of the blood": hitting the sweet spot to identify alterations in glucose dynamics. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:7-30. [PMID: 35635320 PMCID: PMC9576168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the definition of hyperglycemia during the past century and the alterations in glucose dynamics that cause fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We discuss how extensive mechanistic, physiological research into the factors and pathways that regulate the appearance of glucose in the circulation and its uptake and metabolism by tissues and organs has contributed knowledge that has advanced our understanding of different types of hyperglycemia, namely prediabetes and diabetes and their subtypes (impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, combined impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus), their relationships with medical complications, and how to prevent and treat hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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26
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Macvanin M, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. New insights on the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142644. [PMID: 36843588 PMCID: PMC9947133 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are steadily increasing, making them the world's most prevalent health issue. New research highlights the importance of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for maintaining CV health. METHODS We searched PubMed and MEDLINE for English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 1957 (when the first report on IGF-1 identification was published) and 2022. The top search terms were: IGF-1, cardiovascular disease, IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 and microRNAs, therapeutic interventions with IGF-1, IGF-1 and diabetes, IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles, which were further analyzed, focusing on the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiological conditions. We specifically focused on including the most recent findings published in the past five years. RESULTS IGF-1, an anabolic growth factor, regulates cell division, proliferation, and survival. In addition to its well-known growth-promoting and metabolic effects, there is mounting evidence that IGF-1 plays a specialized role in the complex activities that underpin CV function. IGF-1 promotes cardiac development and improves cardiac output, stroke volume, contractility, and ejection fraction. Furthermore, IGF-1 mediates many growth hormones (GH) actions. IGF-1 stimulates contractility and tissue remodeling in humans to improve heart function after myocardial infarction. IGF-1 also improves the lipid profile, lowers insulin levels, increases insulin sensitivity, and promotes glucose metabolism. These findings point to the intriguing medicinal potential of IGF-1. Human studies associate low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 with an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular illness. Extensive human trials are being conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of IGF-1-related therapy. DISCUSSION We anticipate the development of novel IGF-1-related therapy with minimal side effects. This review discusses recent findings on the role of IGF-1 in the cardiovascular (CVD) system, including both normal and pathological conditions. We also discuss progress in therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting the IGF axis and provide insights into the epigenetic regulation of IGF-1 mediated by microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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27
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Lee JS, Tocheny CE, Shaw LM. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: An Elusive Therapeutic Target. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121992. [PMID: 36556357 PMCID: PMC9782138 DOI: 10.3390/life12121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in breast cancer and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. The IGF pathway ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and their receptors, primarily IGF-1R, are important for normal mammary gland biology, and dysregulation of their expression and function drives breast cancer risk and progression through activation of downstream signaling effectors, often in a subtype-dependent manner. The IGF signaling pathway has also been implicated in resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including ER and HER2 targeting drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer have been unsuccessful, due to a number of factors, most significantly the adverse effects of disrupting IGF signaling on normal glucose metabolism. We highlight here the recent discoveries that provide enthusiasm for continuing efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-856-8675; Fax: +1-508-856-1310
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28
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Werner H, LeRoith D. Hallmarks of cancer: The insulin-like growth factors perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1055589. [PMID: 36479090 PMCID: PMC9720135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1055589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a series of attributes or hallmarks that are shared by virtually all cancer cells constitutes a true milestone in cancer research. The conceptualization of a catalogue of common genetic, molecular, biochemical and cellular events under a unifying Hallmarks of Cancer idea had a major impact in oncology. Furthermore, the fact that different types of cancer, ranging from pediatric tumors and leukemias to adult epithelial cancers, share a large number of fundamental traits reflects the universal nature of the biological events involved in oncogenesis. The dissection of a complex disease like cancer into a finite directory of hallmarks is of major basic and translational relevance. The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) as a progression/survival factor required for normal cell cycle transition has been firmly established. Similarly well characterized are the biochemical and cellular activities of IGF1 and IGF2 in the chain of events leading from a phenotypically normal cell to a diseased one harboring neoplastic traits, including growth factor independence, loss of cell-cell contact inhibition, chromosomal abnormalities, accumulation of mutations, activation of oncogenes, etc. The purpose of the present review is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the biology of IGF1 at the light of paradigms that emerge from analysis of cancer hallmarks. Given the fact that the IGF1 axis emerged in recent years as a promising therapeutic target, we believe that a careful exploration of this signaling system might be of critical importance on our ability to design and optimize cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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29
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Zhang P, Zhu H. Cytokines in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2528046. [PMID: 36419958 PMCID: PMC9678454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2528046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also known as thyroid eye disease (TED) or Graves' orbitopathy (GO), is a complex autoimmune condition causing visual impairment, disfigurement, and harm to patients' physical and mental health. The pathogenesis of TAO has not been fully elucidated, and the mainstream view is that coantigens shared by the thyroid and orbit trigger remodeling of extraocular muscles and orbital connective tissues through an inflammatory response. In recent years, cytokines and the immune responses they mediate have been crucial in disease progression, and currently, common evidence has shown that drugs targeting cytokines, such as tocilizumab, infliximab, and adalimumab, may be novel targets for therapy. In this review, we summarize the research development of different cytokines in TAO pathogenesis in the hope of discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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30
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Wang J, Wu L, Lu W, Zhang H, Wu Y. Identification of Key Pathways and Genes Downstream of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Thyroid Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:522-531. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Nursing, Suzhou Vacational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Lirong Wu
- College of Nursing, Suzhou Vacational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Nursing, Suzhou Vacational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Nursing, Suzhou Vacational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yefeng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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31
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Kirk NS, Chen Q, Wu YG, Asante AL, Hu H, Espinosa JF, Martínez-Olid F, Margetts MB, Mohammed FA, Kiselyov VV, Barrett DG, Lawrence MC. Activation of the human insulin receptor by non-insulin-related peptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5695. [PMID: 36171189 PMCID: PMC9519552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human insulin receptor signalling system plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis. Insulin binding brings about extensive conformational change in the receptor extracellular region that in turn effects trans-activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains and downstream signalling. Of particular therapeutic interest is whether insulin receptor signalling can be replicated by molecules other than insulin. Here, we present single-particle cryoEM structures that show how a 33-mer polypeptide unrelated to insulin can cross-link two sites on the receptor surface and direct the receptor into a signalling-active conformation. The 33-mer polypeptide engages the receptor by two helical binding motifs that are each potentially mimicable by small molecules. The resultant conformation of the receptor is distinct from—but related to—those in extant three-dimensional structures of the insulin-complexed receptor. Our findings thus illuminate unexplored pathways for controlling the signalling of the insulin receptor as well as opportunities for development of insulin mimetics. The regulation of plasma glucose levels is effected by insulin. Here, the authors reveal atomic detail of how peptides distinct from insulin bind to and activate the insulin receptor, with implications for design of small-molecule insulin mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kirk
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Qi Chen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Yingzhe Ginger Wu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - Haitao Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Juan F Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid, 28108, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Olid
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid, 28108, Spain
| | | | - Faiz A Mohammed
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - David G Barrett
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Abstract
Single-pass transmembrane receptors (SPTMRs) represent a diverse group of integral membrane proteins that are involved in many essential cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, and transmembrane transport of materials. Dysregulation of the SPTMRs is linked with many human diseases. Despite extensive efforts in past decades, the mechanisms of action of the SPTMRs remain incompletely understood. One major hurdle is the lack of structures of the full-length SPTMRs in different functional states. Such structural information is difficult to obtain by traditional structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The recent rapid development of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has led to an exponential surge in the number of high-resolution structures of integral membrane proteins, including SPTMRs. Cryo-EM structures of SPTMRs solved in the past few years have tremendously improved our understanding of how SPTMRs function. In this review, we will highlight these progresses in the structural studies of SPTMRs by single-particle cryo-EM, analyze important structural details of each protein involved, and discuss their implications on the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we also briefly discuss remaining challenges and exciting opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- Departments of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Departments of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
- Corresponding Author: Xuewu Zhang, Department of pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Xiao-chen Bai
- Departments of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
- Corresponding Author: Xiao-chen Bai, Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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33
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Sun H, Qi X. The role of insulin and incretin-based drugs in biliary tract cancer: epidemiological and experimental evidence. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:70. [PMID: 35933633 PMCID: PMC9357599 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and incretin-based drugs are important antidiabetic agents with complex effects on cell growth and metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that insulin and incretin-based drugs are associated with altered risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Observational study reveals that insulin is associated with an increased risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), but not intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or gallbladder cancer (GBC). This type-specific effect can be partly explained by the cell of origin and heterogeneous genome landscape of the three subtypes of BTC. Similar to insulin, incretin-based drugs also exhibit very interesting contradictions and inconsistencies in response to different cancer phenotypes, including BTC. Both epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that incretin-based drugs can be a promoter of some cancers and an inhibitor of others. It is now more apparent that this type of drugs has a broader range of physiological effects on the body, including regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and gene expression. In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have a more complex effect on cancer due to the multi-functional nature of DPP-4. DPP-4 exerts both catalytic and non-enzymatic functions to regulate metabolic homeostasis, immune reaction, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we collate the epidemiological and experimental evidence regarding the effect of these two classes of drugs on BTC to provide valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No.208 East Huancheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.573 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Das A, Gangarde YM, Pariary R, Bhunia A, Saraogi I. An amphiphilic small molecule drives insulin aggregation inhibition and amyloid disintegration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:981-991. [PMID: 35907468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into ordered fibrillar structures called amyloids, and their disintegration represent major unsolved problems that limit the therapeutic applications of several proteins. For example, insulin, commonly used for the treatment of diabetes, is susceptible to amyloid formation upon exposure to non-physiological conditions, resulting in a loss of its biological activity. Here, we report a novel amphiphilic molecule called PAD-S, which acts as a chemical chaperone and completely inhibits fibrillation of insulin and its biosimilars. Mechanistic investigations and molecular docking lead to the conclusion that PAD-S binds to key hydrophobic regions of native insulin, thereby preventing its self-assembly. PAD-S treated insulin was biologically active as indicated by its ability to phosphorylate Akt, a protein in the insulin signalling pathway. PAD-S is non-toxic and protects cells from insulin amyloid induced cytotoxicity. The high aqueous solubility and easy synthetic accessibility of PAD-S facilitates its potential use in commercial insulin formulations. Notably, PAD-S successfully disintegrated preformed insulin fibrils to non-toxic smaller fragments. Since the structural and mechanistic features of amyloids are common to several human pathologies, the understanding of the amyloid disaggregation activity of PAD-S will inform the development of small molecule disaggregators for other amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Yogesh M Gangarde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Ranit Pariary
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Sector V, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Sector V, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India.
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35
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De Meyts P. [The insulin receptor discovery is 50 years old - A review of achieved progress]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 216:7-28. [PMID: 35876517 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of insulin from the pancreas and its purification to a degree permitting its safe administration to type 1 diabetic patients were accomplished 100 years ago at the University of Toronto by Banting, Best, Collip and McLeod and constitute undeniably one of the major medical therapeutic revolutions, recognized by the attribution of the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Banting and McLeod. The clinical spin off was immediate as well as the internationalization of insulin's commercial production. The outcomes regarding basic research were much slower, in particular regarding the molecular mechanisms of insulin action on its target cells. It took almost a half-century before the determination of the tri-dimensional structure of insulin in 1969 and the characterization of its cell receptor in 1970-1971. The demonstration that the insulin receptor is in fact an enzyme named tyrosine kinase came in the years 1982-1985, and the crystal structure of the intracellular kinase domain 10 years later. The crystal structure of the first intracellular kinase substrate (IRS-1) in 1991 paved the way for the elucidation of the intracellular signalling pathways but it took 15 more years to obtain the complete crystal structure of the extracellular receptor domain (without insulin) in 2006. Since then, the determination of the structure of the whole insulin-receptor complex in both the inactive and activated states has made considerable progress, not least due to recent improvement in the resolution power of cryo-electron microscopy. I will here review the steps in the development of the concept of hormone receptor, and of our knowledge of the structure and molecular mechanism of activation of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre De Meyts
- de Duve Institute, Department of Cell Signalling, Avenue Hippocrate 74, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgique - Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Stem Cell Research, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760 Maaloev, Danemark
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36
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A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Insulin Development and Its Delivery Method. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071406. [PMID: 35890301 PMCID: PMC9320488 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the momentous discovery of insulin. Through years of research and discovery, insulin has evolved from poorly defined crude extracts of animal pancreas to recombinant human insulin and analogues that can be prescribed and administered with high accuracy and efficacy. However, there are still many challenges ahead in clinical settings, particularly with respect to maintaining optimal glycemic control whilst minimizing the treatment-related side effects of hypoglycemia and weight gain. In this review, the chronology of the development of rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin analogues, as well as mixtures and concentrated formulations that offer the potential to meet this challenge, are summarized. In addition, we also summarize the latest advancements in insulin delivery methods, along with advancement to clinical trials. This review provides insights on the development of insulin treatment for diabetes mellitus that may be useful for clinicians in meeting the needs of their individual patients. However, it is important to note that as of now, none of the new technologies mentioned have superseded the existing method of subcutaneous administration of insulin.
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37
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The insulin receptor family in the heart: new light on old insights. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231495. [PMID: 35766350 PMCID: PMC9297685 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin was discovered over 100 years ago. Whilst the first half century defined many of the physiological effects of insulin, the second emphasised the mechanisms by which it elicits these effects, implicating a vast array of G proteins and their regulators, lipid and protein kinases and counteracting phosphatases, and more. Potential growth-promoting and protective effects of insulin on the heart emerged from studies of carbohydrate metabolism in the 1960s, but the insulin receptors (and the related receptor for insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2) were not defined until the 1980s. A related third receptor, the insulin receptor-related receptor remained an orphan receptor for many years until it was identified as an alkali-sensor. The mechanisms by which these receptors and the plethora of downstream signalling molecules confer cardioprotection remain elusive. Here, we review important aspects of the effects of the three insulin receptor family members in the heart. Metabolic studies are set in the context of what is now known of insulin receptor family signalling and the role of protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), and the relationship between this and cardiomyocyte survival versus death is discussed. PKB/Akt phosphorylates numerous substrates with potential for cardioprotection in the contractile cardiomyocytes and cardiac non-myocytes. Our overall conclusion is that the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism that were initially identified remain highly pertinent in managing cardiomyocyte energetics and preservation of function. This alone provides a high level of cardioprotection in the face of pathophysiological stressors such as ischaemia and myocardial infarction.
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Xu Y, Margetts MB, Venugopal H, Menting JG, Kirk NS, Croll TI, Delaine C, Forbes BE, Lawrence MC. How insulin-like growth factor I binds to a hybrid insulin receptor type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Structure 2022; 30:1098-1108.e6. [PMID: 35660159 PMCID: PMC9364964 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monomers of the insulin receptor and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) can combine stochastically to form heterodimeric hybrid receptors. These hybrid receptors display ligand binding and signaling properties that differ from those of the homodimeric receptors. Here, we describe the cryoelectron microscopy structure of such a hybrid receptor in complex with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The structure (ca. 3.7 Å resolution) displays a single IGF-I ligand, bound in a similar fashion to that seen for IGFs in complex with IGF-1R. The IGF-I ligand engages the first leucine-rich-repeat domain and cysteine-rich region of the IGF-1R monomer (rather than those of the insulin receptor monomer), consistent with the determinants for IGF binding residing in the IGF-1R cysteine-rich region. The structure broadens our understanding of this receptor family and assists in delineating the key structural motifs involved in binding their respective ligands. A cryo-EM structure of IGF-I bound to a hybrid IR/IGF-1R ectodomain is presented The structure is congruent to those of the single-liganded homodimeric receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | | | - Hari Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John G Menting
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Kirk
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carlie Delaine
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Peterson C, Chandler HL. Insulin facilitates corneal wound healing in the diabetic environment through the RTK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 548:111611. [PMID: 35231580 PMCID: PMC9053186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients can develop degenerative corneal changes, termed diabetic keratopathy, during the course of their disease. Topical insulin has been shown to reduce corneal wound area and restore sensitivity in diabetic rats, and both the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) stimulate cell signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess a mechanism by which improved wound healing occurs by characterizing expression within the PI3K-Akt pathway in corneal epithelial and stromal cells. In vitro scratch tests were used to evaluate wound healing outcomes under variable glucose conditions in the presence or absence of insulin. Protein expression of intracellular kinases in the PI3K pathway, stromal cell markers, and GLUT-1 was evaluated by immunoblotting.TGF-β1 expression was evaluated by ELISA. Insulin promoted in vitro wound healing in all cell types. In human corneal epithelial cells, insulin did not induce PI3K-Akt signaling; however, in all other cell types evaluated, insulin increased expression of PI3K-Akt signaling proteins compared to vehicle control. Fibroblasts variably expressed α-SMA under all treatment conditions, with significant increases in α-SMA and TGF-β1 occurring in a dose-dependent manner with glucose concentration. These results indicate that insulin can promote corneal cellular migration and proliferation by inducing Akt signaling. Exogenous insulin therapy may serve as a novel target of therapeutic intervention for diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Vision Science, The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - H L Chandler
- Department of Vision Science, The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Luo K, Huang W, Qiao L, Zhang X, Yan D, Ning Z, Ma C, Dang H, Wang D, Guo H, Xie L, Cheng J. Dendrocalamus latiflorus and its component rutin exhibit glucose-lowering activities by inhibiting hepatic glucose production via AKT activation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2239-2251. [PMID: 35646547 PMCID: PMC9136573 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract (DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways. Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhiyu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
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Turvey SJ, McPhillie MJ, Kearney MT, Muench SP, Simmons KJ, Fishwick CWG. Recent developments in the structural characterisation of the IR and IGF1R: implications for the design of IR-IGF1R hybrid receptor modulators. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:360-374. [PMID: 35647546 PMCID: PMC9020618 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are dimeric disulfide-linked receptor tyrosine kinases, whose actions regulate metabolic and mitogenic signalling pathways inside the cell. It is well documented that in tissues co-expressing the IR and IGF1R, their respective monomers can heterodimerise to form IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors. Increased populations of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors are associated with several disease states, including type 2 diabetes and cancer. Recently, progress in the structural biology of IR and IGF1R has given insights into their structure-function relationships and mechanism of action. However, challenges in isolating IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors mean that their structural properties remain relatively unexplored. This review discusses the advances in the structural understanding of the IR and IGF1R, and how these discoveries can inform the design of small-molecule modulators of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors to understand their role in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Turvey
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds UK
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
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IGFs in Dentin Formation and Regeneration: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3737346. [PMID: 35432548 PMCID: PMC9007658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3737346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary dentin results from the interplay between the host defense and dental injury or infection. Modern endodontics aiming vital pulp treatment take the tertiary dentin formation as the interim step, with the final goal of a physiological pulp-dentin like tissue regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells have been nominated for contributing to differentiating into odontoblast-like cells who are responsible for reparative dentin formation. Understanding the original dentin formation mechanism provides us a blueprint while exploring the reparative dentin formation mechanism builds bridge to bonafide pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Among all the regulators, growth factors have long been revealed under the spotlight. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has been implicated in critical events of inducing dentin formation, which is essential for pulp treatment. The expression of IGF family members including IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R has been well characterized in dental papilla cells, dental pulp stem cells, and periodontal ligament cells. Recent studies indicated IGF binding to the receptors activated pathways, including MAPK pathway, and AKT pathway, orchestrated proliferation, and differentiation, and finally, contributed to dentin formation. This review summarizes the role of IGF family in dentin formation during tooth development and tertiary dentin formation during dentin-pulp repair and sheds light on key parts of research for future treatment improvements.
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Li J, Park J, Mayer JP, Webb KJ, Uchikawa E, Wu J, Liu S, Zhang X, Stowell MH, Choi E, Bai XC. Synergistic activation of the insulin receptor via two distinct sites. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:357-368. [PMID: 35361965 PMCID: PMC9115778 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) signaling controls multiple facets of animal physiology. Maximally four insulins bind to IR at two distinct sites, termed site-1 and site-2. However, the precise functional roles of each binding event during IR activation remain unresolved. Here, we showed that IR incompletely saturated with insulin predominantly forms an asymmetric conformation and exhibits partial activation. IR with one insulin bound adopts a Γ-shaped conformation. IR with two insulins bound assumes a Ƭ-shaped conformation. One insulin binds at site-1 and another simultaneously contacts both site-1 and site-2 in the Ƭ-shaped IR dimer. We further show that concurrent binding of four insulins to sites-1 and -2 prevents the formation of asymmetric IR and promotes the T-shaped symmetric, fully active state. Collectively, our results demonstrate how the synergistic binding of multiple insulins promotes optimal IR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kristofor J. Webb
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Emiko Uchikawa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael H.B. Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Xiao-chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
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Hou J, He Z, Liu T, Chen D, Wang B, Wen Q, Zheng X. Evolution of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Novel Opportunities Identified by CRISPR-Cas9 Screening. Front Oncol 2022; 12:755053. [PMID: 35372044 PMCID: PMC8970599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.755053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment due to better therapeutic responses and less systemic toxicity. However, therapeutic resistance is a major challenge in clinical settings that hinders continuous clinical benefits for cancer patients. In this regard, unraveling the mechanisms of drug resistance may identify new druggable genetic alterations for molecularly targeted therapies, thus contributing to improved therapeutic efficacies. The recent rapid development of novel methodologies including CRISPR-Cas9 screening technology and patient-derived models provides powerful tools to dissect the underlying mechanisms of resistance to targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we updated therapeutic targets undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation for various cancer types. More importantly, we provided comprehensive elaboration of high throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening in deciphering potential mechanisms of unresponsiveness to molecularly targeted therapies, which will shed light on the discovery of novel opportunities for designing next-generation anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
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Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes IGF-1 receptor/PhosphatidyI Inositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway in cervical cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4464. [PMID: 35296731 PMCID: PMC8927345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible post-translational modification on serine and threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAcylation level is regulated by OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), which adds GlcNAc on proteins, and OGA (O-GlcNAcase), which removes it. Abnormal level of protein O-GlcNAcylation has been observed in numerous cancer cell types, including cervical cancer cells. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation on cervical cancer-derived CaSki cells. We observed that pharmacological enhancement of protein O-GlcNAcylation by Thiamet G (an inhibitor of OGA) and glucosamine (which provides UDP-GlcNAc substrate to OGT) increases CaSki cells proliferation, migration and survival. Moreover, we showed that increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) autophosphorylation, possibly through inhibition of protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1B activity. This was associated with increased IGF-1-induced phosphatidyl-Inositol 3-phosphate production at the plasma membrane and increased Akt activation in CaSki cells. Finally, we showed that protein O-GlcNAcylation and Akt phosphorylation levels were higher in human cervical cancer samples compared to healthy cervix tissues, and a highly positive correlation was observed between O-GlcNAcylation level and Akt phosphorylation in theses tissues. Together, our results indicate that increased O-GlcNAcylation, by activating IGF1R/ Phosphatidyl inositol 3-Kinase (PI-3K)/Akt signaling, may participate in cervical cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Koh HCE, Patterson BW, Reeds DN, Mittendorfer B. Insulin sensitivity and kinetics in African American and White people with obesity: Insights from different study protocols. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:655-665. [PMID: 35083870 PMCID: PMC8866210 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies that used an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) have suggested that race is an important modulator of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and insulin clearance. However, the validity of the IVGTT has been challenged. METHODS This study assessed insulin sensitivity and insulin kinetics in non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 29) and African American (AA, n = 14) people with obesity by using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic pancreatic clamp with glucose tracer infusion, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and an IVGTT. RESULTS Hepatic insulin sensitivity was better in AA participants than in NHW participants. Muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion in relation to plasma glucose during the OGTT, and insulin clearance during basal conditions during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic pancreatic clamp and during the OGTT were not different between AA participants and NHW participants. The acute insulin response to the large glucose bolus administered during the IVGTT was double in AA participants compared with NHW participants because of increased insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance. CONCLUSIONS AA individuals are not more insulin resistant than NHW individuals, and the β-cell response to glucose ingestion and postprandial insulin clearance are not different between AA individuals and NHW individuals. However, AA individuals have greater insulin secretory capacity and reduced insulin clearance capacity than NHW individuals and might be susceptible to hyperinsulinemia after consuming very large amounts of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chow E Koh
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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The inhibition mechanisms of pancreatic lipase by apigenin and its anti-obesity mechanisms revealed by using network pharmacology. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Koh HCE, Cao C, Mittendorfer B. Insulin Clearance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:596. [PMID: 35054781 PMCID: PMC8776220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma insulin clearance is an important determinant of plasma insulin concentration. In this review, we provide an overview of the factors that regulate insulin removal from plasma and discuss the interrelationships among plasma insulin clearance, excess adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conclude with the perspective that the commonly observed lower insulin clearance rate in people with obesity, compared with lean people, is not a compensatory response to insulin resistance but occurs because insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance are mechanistically, directly linked. Furthermore, insulin clearance decreases postprandially because of the marked increase in insulin delivery to tissues that clear insulin. The commonly observed high postprandial insulin clearance in people with obesity and T2D likely results from the relatively low insulin secretion rate, not an impaired adaptation of tissues that clear insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8031-14-0002, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.-C.E.K.); (C.C.)
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Cannarella R, Mancuso F, Arato I, Lilli C, Bellucci C, Gargaro M, Curto R, Aglietti MC, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Luca G, Calogero AE. Sperm-carried IGF2 downregulated the expression of mitogens produced by Sertoli cells: A paracrine mechanism for regulating spermatogenesis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1010796. [PMID: 36523595 PMCID: PMC9744929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1010796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA has been found in human and mouse spermatozoa. It is currently unknown whether the IGF2 protein is expressed in human spermatozoa and, if so, its possible role in the cross-talk between germ and Sertoli cells (SCs) during spermatogenesis. METHODS To accomplish this, we analyzed sperm samples from four consecutive Caucasian men. Furthermore, to understand its role during the spermatogenetic process, porcine SCs were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.33, 3.33, and 10 ng/mL) of recombinant human IGF2 (rhIGF2) for 48 hours. Subsequently, the experiments were repeated by pre-incubating SCs with the non-competitive insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor NVP-AEW541. The following outcomes were evaluated: 1) Gene expression of the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and stem cell factor (SCF) mitogens; 2) gene and protein expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B; 3) SC proliferation. RESULTS We found that the IGF2 protein was present in each of the sperm samples. IGF2 appeared as a cytoplasmic protein localized in the equatorial and post-acrosomal segment and with a varying degree of expression in each cell. In SCs, IGF2 significantly downregulated GDNF gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. FGF2 and SCF were downregulated only by the highest concentration of IGF2. Similarly, IGF2 downregulated the FSHR gene and FSHR, AMH, and inhibin B protein expression. Finally, IGF2 significantly suppressed the SC proliferation rate. All these findings were reversed by pre-incubation with NVP-AEW541, suggesting an effect mediated by the interaction of IGF2 with the IGFR. CONCLUSION In conclusion, sperm IGF2 seems to downregulate the expression of mitogens, which are known to be physiologically released by the SCs to promote gonocyte proliferation and spermatogonial fate adoption. These findings suggest the presence of paracrine regulatory mechanisms acting on the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis, by which germ cells can influence the amount of mitogens released by the SCs, their sensitivity to FSH, and their rate of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Rossella Cannarella,
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Catia Bellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Curto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria C. Aglietti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovani Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Cen HH, Hussein B, Botezelli JD, Wang S, Zhang JA, Noursadeghi N, Jessen N, Rodrigues B, Timmons JA, Johnson JD. Human and mouse muscle transcriptomic analyses identify insulin receptor mRNA downregulation in hyperinsulinemia-associated insulin resistance. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22088. [PMID: 34921686 PMCID: PMC9255858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100497rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is commonly viewed as a compensatory response to insulin resistance, yet studies have demonstrated that chronically elevated insulin may also drive insulin resistance. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this potentially cyclic process remain poorly defined, especially on a transcriptome-wide level. Transcriptomic meta-analysis in >450 human samples demonstrated that fasting insulin reliably and negatively correlated with INSR mRNA in skeletal muscle. To establish causality and study the direct effects of prolonged exposure to excess insulin in muscle cells, we incubated C2C12 myotubes with elevated insulin for 16 h, followed by 6 h of serum starvation, and established that acute AKT and ERK signaling were attenuated in this model of in vitro hyperinsulinemia. Global RNA-sequencing of cells both before and after nutrient withdrawal highlighted genes in the insulin receptor (INSR) signaling, FOXO signaling, and glucose metabolism pathways indicative of 'hyperinsulinemia' and 'starvation' programs. Consistently, we observed that hyperinsulinemia led to a substantial reduction in Insr gene expression, and subsequently a reduced surface INSR and total INSR protein, both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic modeling combined with RNAi identified SIN3A as a negative regulator of Insr mRNA (and JUND, MAX, and MXI as positive regulators of Irs2 mRNA). Together, our analysis identifies mechanisms which may explain the cyclic processes underlying hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in muscle, a process directly relevant to the etiology and disease progression of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Howard Cen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiashuo Aaron Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nilou Noursadeghi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James A Timmons
- Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, Scotland.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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