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Arias-Badia M, Chang R, Fong L. γδ T cells as critical anti-tumor immune effectors. NATURE CANCER 2024:10.1038/s43018-024-00798-x. [PMID: 39060435 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
While the effector cells that mediate anti-tumor immunity have historically been attributed to αβ T cells and natural killer cells, γδ T cells are now being recognized as a complementary mechanism mediating tumor rejection. γδ T cells possess a host of functions ranging from antigen presentation to regulatory function and, importantly, have critical roles in eliciting anti-tumor responses where other immune effectors may be rendered ineffective. Recent discoveries have elucidated how these differing functions are mediated by γδ T cells with specific T cell receptors and spatial distribution. Their relative resistance to mechanisms of dysfunction like T cell exhaustion has spurred the development of therapeutic approaches exploiting γδ T cells, and an improved understanding of these cells should enable more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Arias-Badia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Ran R, Trapecar M, Brubaker DK. Systematic Analysis of Human Colorectal Cancer scRNA-seq Revealed Limited Pro-tumoral IL-17 Production Potential in Gamma Delta T Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.604156. [PMID: 39071278 PMCID: PMC11275756 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.604156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity due to their cytotoxic properties. However, the role and extent of γδ T cells in production of pro-tumorigenic interleukin- 17 (IL-17) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. In this study, we re-analyzed nine published human CRC whole-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, identifying 18,483 γδ T cells out of 951,785 total cells, in the neoplastic or adjacent normal tissue of 165 human CRC patients. Our results confirm that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells exhibit high cytotoxicity-related transcription in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, but critically, none of the γδ T cell clusters showed IL-17 production potential. We also identified various γδ T cell subsets, including Teff, TRM, Tpex, and Tex, and noted an increased expression of cytotoxic molecules in tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells compared to their normal area counterparts. Our work demonstrates that γδ T cells in CRC primarily function as cytotoxic effector cells rather than IL-17 producers, mitigating the concerns about their potential pro-tumorigenic roles in CRC, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these cells for cancer immunotherapy research and the unneglectable cross-species discrepancy between the mouse and human immune system in the study of cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
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3
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Yucel N, Hekimoglu G, Keser S, Erhan S, Yesilay G, Hocaoglu G, Seker M. Investigation of the relationship of tissue-resident γδ T cells and IL-17 gene expression with the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09515-3. [PMID: 39023823 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. Elevated serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, autoantibodies, and histopathological interface hepatitis are the hallmarks of AIH. Autoantibodies and pathological findings, clinical and biochemical features, typical immunoglobulin levels, and exclusion of other diseases are used to diagnose the condition. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a unique population of unconventional T cells with γ and δ glycoprotein chains. γδ T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases by producing interleukin (IL)-17. However, its role in AIH remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of γδ T cells and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of AIH, by working on biopsy samples. Paraffin blocks of 18 patients with type 1 AIH and 18 control liver tissues were analyzed. qRT-PCR assessed IL-17 gene expression. Immunofluorescence double staining of CD3+TCRγδ+ was performed to reveal tissue-resident γδ T cells' role in AIH. When comparing AIH to the control, there was a substantial increase in the ratio of CD3+TCRγδ+ cells in total inflammatory cells (p = 0.01). IL-17 gene expression was lowered in AIH when compared to the control (p = 0.01). This study provides evidence for the involvement of γδ T cells and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of AIH. The ratio of γδ T cells and IL-17 gene expression showed a significant difference in AIH suggesting a potential role for γδ T cells in driving liver inflammation in A fIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Yucel
- Department of Anatomy, Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulam Hekimoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebag Research Park, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevinc Keser
- Department of Pathology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Erhan
- Department of Pathology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yesilay
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebag Research Park, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Science, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulizar Hocaoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Science, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wu X, Yuan C, Pan J, Zhou Y, Pan X, Kang J, Ren L, Gong L, Li Y. CXCL9, IL2RB, and SPP1, potential diagnostic biomarkers in the co-morbidity pattern of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16364. [PMID: 39013959 PMCID: PMC11252365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis, yet there is no effective drug treatment. Atherosclerosis (AS) is caused by lipid deposition in the endothelium, which can lead to various cardiovascular diseases. NASH and AS share common risk factors, and NASH can also elevate the risk of AS, causing a higher morbidity and mortality rate for atherosclerotic heart disease. Therefore, timely detection and diagnosis of NASH and AS are particularly important. In this study, differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were performed on the AS (GSE100927) and NASH (GSE89632) datasets to obtain common crosstalk genes, respectively. Then, candidate Hub genes were screened using four topological algorithms and externally validated in the GSE43292 and GSE63067 datasets to obtain Hub genes. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis and gene set variation analysis were performed on the Hub genes to explore the underlying mechanisms. The DGIbd database was used to screen candidate drugs for AS and NASH. Finally, a NASH model was constructed using free fatty acid-induced human L02 cells, an AS model was constructed using lipopolysaccharide-induced HUVECs, and a co-morbidity model was constructed using L02 cells and HUVECs to verify Hub gene expression. The result showed that a total of 113 genes common to both AS and NASH were identified as crosstalk genes, and enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in the regulation of immune and metabolism-related pathways. 28 candidate Hub genes were screened according to four topological algorithms, and CXCL9, IL2RB, and SPP1 were identified as Hub genes after in vitro experiments and external dataset validation. The ROC curves and SVM modeling demonstrated the good diagnostic efficacy of these three Hub genes. In addition, the Hub genes are strongly associated with immune cell infiltration, especially macrophages and γ-δ T cell infiltration. Finally, five potential therapeutic drugs were identified. has-miR-185 and hsa-miR-335 were closely related to AS and NASH. This study demonstrates that CXCL9, IL2RB, and SPP1 may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of the co-morbidity patterns of AS and NASH and as potential targets for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Wu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changbin Yuan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxiang Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihong Ren
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Gong
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yue Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Li W, Zhao X, Ren C, Gao S, Han Q, Lu M, Li X. The therapeutic role of γδT cells in TNBC. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420107. [PMID: 38933280 PMCID: PMC11199784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. As a result, conventional hormonal and targeted therapies are largely ineffective, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. γδT cells, known for their robust anti-tumor properties, show considerable potential in TNBC treatment as they can identify and eliminate tumor cells without reliance on MHC restrictions. These cells demonstrate extensive proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and can directly target tumors through cytotoxic effects or indirectly by promoting other immune responses. Studies suggest that expansion and adoptive transfer strategies targeting Vδ2 and Vδ1 γδT cell subtypes have shown promise in preclinical TNBC models. This review compiles and discusses the existing literature on the primary subgroups of γδT cells, their roles in cancer therapy, their contributions to tumor cell cytotoxicity and immune modulation, and proposes potential strategies for future γδT cell-based immunotherapies in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanxin Ren
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Qinyu Han
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Liu J, Wu M, Yang Y, Wang Z, He S, Tian X, Wang H. γδ T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis: a love-hate relationship in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:553. [PMID: 38858763 PMCID: PMC11163710 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxicity against diverse cancer cell types in an MHC-independent manner, rendering them promising contenders for cancer therapy. Although amplification and adoptive transfer of γδ T cells are being evaluated in the clinic, their therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory, primarily due to the influence of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, the utilization of targeted therapeutic antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules is a viable approach to counteract the immunosuppressive consequences of the TME. Notably, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are considered primary treatment options for diverse malignancies, with the objective of preserving the response of αβ T cells. However, γδ T cells also infiltrate various human cancers and are important participants in cancer immunity, thereby influencing patient prognosis. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend the reciprocal impact of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis on γδ T cells. This understanding can serve as a therapeutic foundation for improving γδ T cells adoptive transfer therapy and may offer a novel avenue for future combined immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Xiao Z, Wang S, Luo L, Lv W, Feng P, Sun Y, Yang Q, He J, Cao G, Yin Z, Yang M. Lkb1 orchestrates γδ T-cell metabolic and functional fitness to control IL-17-mediated autoimmune hepatitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:546-560. [PMID: 38641698 PMCID: PMC11143210 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, the metabolic requirements and regulation of γδ T-cell development and function remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of liver kinase B1 (Lkb1), a serine/threonine kinase that links cellular metabolism with cell growth and proliferation, in γδ T-cell biology. Our findings demonstrate that Lkb1 is not only involved in regulating γδ T lineage commitment but also plays a critical role in γδ T-cell effector function. Specifically, T-cell-specific deletion of Lkb1 resulted in impaired thymocyte development and distinct alterations in γδ T-cell subsets in both the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues. Notably, loss of Lkb1 inhibited the commitment of Vγ1 and Vγ4 γδ T cells, promoted the maturation of IL-17-producing Vγ6 γδ T cells, and led to the occurrence of fatal autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Notably, clearance of γδ T cells or blockade of IL-17 significantly attenuated AIH. Mechanistically, Lkb1 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis and AMPK activity, accompanied by increased mTORC1 activation, thereby causing overactivation of γδ T cells and enhanced apoptosis. Interestingly, activation of AMPK or suppression of mTORC1 signaling effectively inhibited IL-17 levels and attenuated AIH in Lkb1-deficient mice. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Lkb1 in maintaining the homeostasis of γδ T cells and preventing IL-17-mediated autoimmune diseases, providing new insights into the metabolic programs governing the subset determination and functional differentiation of thymic γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liang Luo
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenkai Lv
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peiran Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China
| | - Yadong Sun
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Quanli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University). Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ-Free Animals and Microbiota Application. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University). Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ-Free Animals and Microbiota Application. Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Kerro Dego O, Vidlund J. Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356259. [PMID: 38863450 PMCID: PMC11165426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. Even though different infectious microorganisms and mechanical injury can cause mastitis, bacteria are the most common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are the most frequently diagnosed etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci that cause mastitis are broadly divided into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). NAS is mainly comprised of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) and some coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci. Current staphylococcal mastitis control measures are ineffective, and dependence on antimicrobial drugs is not sustainable because of the low cure rate with antimicrobial treatment and the development of resistance. Non-antimicrobial effective and sustainable control tools are critically needed. This review describes the current status of S. aureus and NAS mastitis in dairy cows and flags areas of knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN, United States
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9
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Akhmatova NK, Kurbatova EA, Zaytsev AE, Akhmatova EA, Yastrebova NE, Sukhova EV, Yashunsky DV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic BSA-conjugated disaccharide related to the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide increases IL-17A Levels, γδ T cells, and B1 cells in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388721. [PMID: 38840926 PMCID: PMC11150546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside represents a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. A conjugate of the disaccharide with BSA (di-BSA conjugate) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide induced - in contrast to the non-adjuvanted conjugate - IgG1 antibody production and protected mice against S. pneumoniae serotype 3 infection after intraperitoneal prime-boost immunization. Adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted conjugates induced production of Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα); Th2 (IL-5, IL-13); Th17 (IL-17A), Th1/Th17 (IL-22), and Th2/Th17 cytokines (IL-21) after immunization. The concentration of cytokines in mice sera was higher in response to the adjuvanted conjugate, with the highest level of IL-17A production after the prime and boost immunizations. In contrast, the non-adjuvanted conjugate elicited only weak production of IL-17A, which gradually decreased after the second immunization. After boost immunization of mice with the adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate, there was a significant increase in the number of CD45+/CD19+ B cells, TCR+ γδ T cell, CD5+ В1 cells, and activated cells with MHC II+ expression in the spleens of the mice. IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells play a crucial role in preventing pneumococcal infection, but can also contribute to autoimmune diseases. Immunization with the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate did not elicit autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA targeting cell nuclei in mice. Thus, the molecular and cellular markers associated with antibody production and protective activity in response to immunization with the di-BSA conjugate adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide are IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells against the background of increasing MHC II+ expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Mice
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Disaccharides/immunology
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Female
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Serogroup
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli K. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E. Zaytsev
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Akhmatova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E. Yastrebova
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Sukhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Morelli F, Matis S, Benelli R, Salvini L, Zocchi MR, Poggi A. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Made of Zoledronic Acid and the Anti-CD30 Brentuximab-Vedotin Exert Anti-Lymphoma and Immunostimulating Effects. Cells 2024; 13:862. [PMID: 38786084 PMCID: PMC11119185 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Relevant advances have been made in the management of relapsed/refractory (r/r) Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL) with the use of the anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab-vedotin (Bre-Ved). Unfortunately, most patients eventually progress despite the excellent response rates and tolerability. In this report, we describe an ADC composed of the aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) conjugated to Bre-Ved by binding the free amino groups of this antibody with the phosphoric group of ZA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the covalent linkage between the antibody and ZA. The novel ADC has been tested for its reactivity with the HL/CD30+ lymphoblastoid cell lines (KMH2, L428, L540, HS445, and RPMI6666), showing a better titration than native Bre-Ved. Once the HL-cells are entered, the ADC co-localizes with the lysosomal LAMP1 in the intracellular vesicles. Also, this ADC exerted a stronger anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic (about one log fold) effect on HL-cell proliferation compared to the native antibody Bre-Ved. Eventually, Bre-Ved-ZA ADC, in contrast with the native antibody, can trigger the proliferation and activation of cytolytic activity of effector-memory Vδ2 T-lymphocytes against HL-cell lines. These findings may support the potential use of this ADC in the management of r/r HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciana Morelli
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Serena Matis
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Technology Facilities and Mass Spectrometry Unit, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
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11
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Xu L, Chen F, Fan W, Saito S, Cao D. The role of γδT lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369202. [PMID: 38774876 PMCID: PMC11106432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis poses a significant threat to human health, impacting overall well-being and imposing substantial financial burdens. Current treatment strategies mainly focus on managing low-density lipids (LDL) and optimizing liver functions. However, it's crucial to recognize that Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipid accumulation; it entails a complex interplay of immune responses. Research highlights the pivotal role of lipid-laden macrophages in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These macrophages attract lymphocytes like CD4 and CD8 to the inflamed site, potentially intensifying the inflammatory response. γδ T lymphocytes, with their diverse functions in innate and adaptive immune responses, pathogen defense, antigen presentation, and inflammation regulation, have been implicated in the early stages of Atherosclerosis. However, our understanding of the roles of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis remains limited. This mini-review aims to shed light on the characteristics and functions of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis. By gaining insights into the roles of γδ T cells, we may uncover a promising strategy to mitigate plaque buildup and dampen the inflammatory response, thereby opening new avenues for effectively managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiMin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Wei XY, Tan YQ, Zhou G. γδ T cells in oral diseases. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:867-876. [PMID: 38563967 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE γδ T cells are a distinct subset of unconventional T cells, which link innate and adaptive immunity by secreting cytokines and interacting with other immune cells, thereby modulating immune responses. As the first line of host defense, γδ T cells are essential for mucosal homeostasis and immune surveillance. When abnormally activated or impaired, γδ T cells can contribute to pathogenic processes. Accumulating evidence has revealed substantial impacts of γδ T cells on the pathogenesis of cancers, infections, and immune-inflammatory diseases. γδ T cells exhibit dual roles in cancers, promoting or inhibiting tumor growth, depending on their phenotypes and the clinical stage of cancers. During infections, γδ T cells exert high cytotoxic activity in infectious diseases, which is essential for combating bacterial and viral infections by recognizing foreign antigens and activating other immune cells. γδ T cells are also implicated in the onset and progression of immune-inflammatory diseases. However, the specific involvement and underlying mechanisms of γδ T cells in oral diseases have not been systematically discussed. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify and analyze relevant literature on the roles of γδ T cells in oral diseases. RESULTS The literature review revealed that γδ T cells play a pivotal role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis and are involved in the pathogenesis of oral cancers, periodontal diseases, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), oral lichen planus (OLP), and oral candidiasis. γδ T cells mainly influence various pathophysiological processes, such as anti-tumor activity, eradication of infection, and immune response regulation. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the involvement of γδ T cells in oral diseases, with a particular emphasis on the main functions and underlying mechanisms by which γδ T cells influence the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. This review underscores the potential of γδ T cells as therapeutic targets in managing oral health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Senkpeil L, Bhardwaj J, Little MR, Holla P, Upadhye A, Fusco EM, Swanson PA, Wiegand RE, Macklin MD, Bi K, Flynn BJ, Yamamoto A, Gaskin EL, Sather DN, Oblak AL, Simpson E, Gao H, Haining WN, Yates KB, Liu X, Murshedkar T, Richie TL, Sim BKL, Otieno K, Kariuki S, Xuei X, Liu Y, Polidoro RB, Hoffman SL, Oneko M, Steinhardt LC, Schmidt NW, Seder RA, Tran TM. Innate immune activation restricts priming and protective efficacy of the radiation-attenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccine. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e167408. [PMID: 38687615 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A systems analysis was conducted to determine the potential molecular mechanisms underlying differential immunogenicity and protective efficacy results of a clinical trial of the radiation-attenuated whole-sporozoite PfSPZ vaccine in African infants. Innate immune activation and myeloid signatures at prevaccination baseline correlated with protection from P. falciparum parasitemia in placebo controls. These same signatures were associated with susceptibility to parasitemia among infants who received the highest and most protective PfSPZ vaccine dose. Machine learning identified spliceosome, proteosome, and resting DC signatures as prevaccination features predictive of protection after highest-dose PfSPZ vaccination, whereas baseline circumsporozoite protein-specific (CSP-specific) IgG predicted nonprotection. Prevaccination innate inflammatory and myeloid signatures were associated with higher sporozoite-specific IgG Ab response but undetectable PfSPZ-specific CD8+ T cell responses after vaccination. Consistent with these human data, innate stimulation in vivo conferred protection against infection by sporozoite injection in malaria-naive mice while diminishing the CD8+ T cell response to radiation-attenuated sporozoites. These data suggest a dichotomous role of innate stimulation for malaria protection and induction of protective immunity by whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines. The uncoupling of vaccine-induced protective immunity achieved by Abs from more protective CD8+ T cell responses suggests that PfSPZ vaccine efficacy in malaria-endemic settings may be constrained by opposing antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leetah Senkpeil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | | | - Morgan R Little
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Prasida Holla
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Phillip A Swanson
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan E Wiegand
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kevin Bi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayako Yamamoto
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik L Gaskin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Edward Simpson
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kephas Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rafael B Polidoro
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Laura C Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Lin TD, Rubinstein ND, Fong NL, Smith M, Craft W, Martin-McNulty B, Perry R, Delaney MA, Roy MA, Buffenstein R. Evolution of T cells in the cancer-resistant naked mole-rat. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3145. [PMID: 38605005 PMCID: PMC11009300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are best known for their extreme longevity and cancer resistance, suggesting that their immune system might have evolved to facilitate these phenotypes. Natural killer (NK) and T cells have evolved to detect and destroy cells infected with pathogens and to provide an early response to malignancies. While it is known that NMRs lack NK cells, likely lost during evolution, little is known about their T-cell subsets in terms of the evolution of the genes that regulate their function, their clonotypic diversity, and the thymus where they mature. Here we find, using single-cell transcriptomics, that NMRs have a large circulating population of γδT cells, which in mice and humans mostly reside in peripheral tissues and induce anti-cancer cytotoxicity. Using single-cell-T-cell-receptor sequencing, we find that a cytotoxic γδT-cell subset of NMRs harbors a dominant clonotype, and that their conventional CD8 αβT cells exhibit modest clonotypic diversity. Consistently, perinatal NMR thymuses are considerably smaller than those of mice yet follow similar involution progression. Our findings suggest that NMRs have evolved under a relaxed intracellular pathogenic selective pressure that may have allowed cancer resistance and longevity to become stronger targets of selection to which the immune system has responded by utilizing γδT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuhua D Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicole L Fong
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Craft
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Perry
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, IL, USA
| | | | - Margaret A Roy
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, IL, USA.
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15
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Yimam M, Horm T, O'Neal A, Jiao P, Hong M, Jia Q. An Aloe-Based Composition Constituting Polysaccharides and Polyphenols Protected Mice against D-Galactose-Induced Immunosenescence. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9307906. [PMID: 38516617 PMCID: PMC10957255 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9307906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A decline in immune response, exhibited in the form of immunosenescence and inflammaging, is an age-associated disturbance of the immune system known to predispose the elderly to a greater susceptibility to infection and poor vaccine response. Polysaccharides and polyphenols from botanicals are known for their immune modulation effects. Here we evaluated a standardized mushroom-based composition, UP360, from Aloe barbadensis, Poria cocos, and Rosmarinus officinalis, as a natural nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response in an accelerated aging mouse model. Immunosenescence was induced by continual subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day to CD-1 mice. UP360 was administered at oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg to the mice starting on the 5th week of D-gal injection. The study lasted for a total of 9 weeks. All mice were given a quadrivalent influenza vaccine at 3 µg/animal via intramuscular injection 14 days before the end of the study. A group of D-gal-treated mice treated at 400 mg/kg/day UP360 was kept without vaccination. Whole blood, serum, spleen homogenate, and thymus tissues were used for analysis. UP360 was found to improve the immune response as evidenced by stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, increase antioxidant capacity as reflected by augmented SOD and Nrf2, and preserve vital immune organs, such as the thymus, from aging-associated damage. The findings depicted in this report show the effect of the composition in activating and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system both during active infections and as a preventive measure to help prime the immune system. These data warrant further clinical study to explore the potential application of the mushroom-based composition as an adjunct nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Alexandria O'Neal
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
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16
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Albarrán Fernández V, Ballestín Martínez P, Stoltenborg Granhøj J, Borch TH, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Biomarkers for response to TIL therapy: a comprehensive review. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008640. [PMID: 38485186 PMCID: PMC10941183 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, substantiated by recent positive results of the first phase III trial on TIL therapy. Being a demanding and logistically complex treatment, extensive preclinical and clinical effort is required to optimize patient selection by identifying predictive biomarkers of response. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding the potential impact of tumor-related factors (such as mutational burden, neoantigen load, immune infiltration, status of oncogenic driver genes, and epigenetic modifications), patient characteristics (including disease burden and location, baseline cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, human leucocyte antigen haplotype, or prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anticancer therapies), phenotypic features of the transferred T cells (mainly the total cell count, CD8:CD4 ratio, ex vivo culture time, expression of exhaustion markers, costimulatory signals, antitumor reactivity, and scope of target tumor-associated antigens), and other treatment-related factors (such as lymphodepleting chemotherapy and postinfusion administration of interleukin-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán Fernández
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballestín Martínez
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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17
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Morandi F, Della Lastra M, Zara F, Airoldi I. Validation of analytical methods for the production of expanded γδ T lymphocytes useful for therapeutic purposes. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103445. [PMID: 38493557 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2024.103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The use of γδ T lymphocytes as advanced therapeutic medicinal product has attracted much interest in the last years. Indeed, such cells are an ideal tool for the reconstitution of the immune system in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, due to their MHC-independent anti-tumor and anti-viral activities. We have here setup a protocol for the production of pure and functional γδ T lymphocytes, expanded from healthy donors' mononuclear cells, and validated the analytical methods to identify them and to analyze their potency. Next, we performed stability studies to ensure that the cell product (γδ T cells) can be used after freezing and thawing. Notably, such protocol can be promptly translated to GMP-facility, since it has been designed using only clinical grade reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- UOSD Cell Factory, Dipartimento dei Servizi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Della Lastra
- UOSD Cell Factory, Dipartimento dei Servizi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- UOSD Cell Factory, Dipartimento dei Servizi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Irma Airoldi
- UOSD Cell Factory, Dipartimento dei Servizi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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18
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Ibusuki A, Kawai K, Nitahara-Takeuchi A, Argüello RJ, Kanekura T. TCR signaling and cellular metabolism regulate the capacity of murine epidermal γδ T cells to rapidly produce IL-13 but not IFN-γ. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361139. [PMID: 38482017 PMCID: PMC10933099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Resident epidermal T cells of murine skin, called dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), express an invariant γδ TCR that recognizes an unidentified self-ligand expressed on epidermal keratinocytes. Although their fetal thymic precursors are preprogrammed to produce IFN-γ, DETCs in the adult epidermis rapidly produce IL-13 but not IFN-γ early after activation. Here, we show that preprogrammed IFN-γ-producing DETC precursors differentiate into rapid IL-13 producers in the perinatal epidermis. The addition of various inhibitors of signaling pathways downstream of TCR to the in vitro differentiation model of neonatal DETCs revealed that TCR signaling through the p38 MAPK pathway is essential for the functional differentiation of neonatal DETCs. Constitutive TCR signaling at steady state was also shown to be needed for the maintenance of the rapid IL-13-producing capacity of adult DETCs because in vivo treatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor decreased adult DETCs with the rapid IL-13-producing capacity. Adult DETCs under steady-state conditions had lower glycolytic capacity than proliferating neonatal DETCs. TCR stimulation of adult DETCs induced high glycolytic capacity and IFN-γ production during the late phase of activation. Inhibition of glycolysis decreased IFN-γ but not IL-13 production by adult DETCs during the late phase of activation. These results demonstrate that TCR signaling promotes the differentiation of IL-13-producing DETCs in the perinatal epidermis and is needed for maintaining the rapid IL-13-producing capacity of adult DETCs. The low glycolytic capacity of adult DETCs at steady state also regulates the rapid IL-13 response and delayed IFN-γ production after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ibusuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawai
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kido Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ayano Nitahara-Takeuchi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rafael J. Argüello
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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19
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Verkerk T, Pappot AT, Jorritsma T, King LA, Duurland MC, Spaapen RM, van Ham SM. Isolation and expansion of pure and functional γδ T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336870. [PMID: 38426099 PMCID: PMC10902048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are important components of the immune system due to their ability to elicit a fast and strong response against infected and transformed cells. Because they can specifically and effectively kill target cells in an MHC independent fashion, there is great interest to utilize these cells in anti-tumor therapies where antigen presentation may be hampered. Since only a small fraction of T cells in the blood or tumor tissue are γδ T cells, they require extensive expansion to allow for fundamental, preclinical and ex vivo research. Although expansion protocols can be successful, most are based on depletion of other cell types rather than γδ T cell specific isolation, resulting in unpredictable purity of the isolated fraction. Moreover, the primary focus only lies with expansion of Vδ2+ T cells, while Vδ1+ T cells likewise have anti-tumor potential. Here, we investigated whether γδ T cells directly isolated from blood could be efficiently expanded while maintaining function. γδ T cell subsets were isolated using MACS separation, followed by FACS sorting, yielding >99% pure γδ T cells. Isolated Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ T cells could effectively expand immediately after isolation or upon freeze/thawing and reached expansion ratios between 200 to 2000-fold starting from varying numbers using cytokine supported feeder stimulations. MACS/FACS isolated and PHA stimulated γδ T cells expanded as good as immobilized antibody mediated stimulated cells in PBMCs, but delivered purer cells. After expansion, potential effector functions of γδ T cells were demonstrated by IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B production upon PMA/ionomycin stimulation and effective killing capacity of multiple tumor cell lines was confirmed in killing assays. In conclusion, pure γδ T cells can productively be expanded while maintaining their anti-tumor effector functions against tumor cells. Moreover, γδ T cells could be expanded from low starting numbers suggesting that this protocol may even allow for expansion of cells extracted from tumor biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Verkerk
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk T Pappot
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Jorritsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa A King
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariël C Duurland
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Linti AE, Göbel TW, Früh SP. Chicken γδ T cells proliferate upon IL-2 and IL-12 treatment and show a restricted receptor repertoire in cell culture. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325024. [PMID: 38420118 PMCID: PMC10900522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In chickens, γδ T cells represent a large fraction of peripheral T cells; however, their function remains largely unknown. Here, we describe the selective in vitro expansion of γδ T cells from total splenocytes by stimulation with the cytokines IL-2 and IL-12. Under these conditions, γδ T cells proliferated preferentially and reached frequencies of >95% within three weeks. Although IL-2 alone also triggered proliferation, an increased proliferation rate was observed in combination with IL-12. Most of the expanded cells were γδ TCR and CD8 double-positive. Splenocytes sorted into TCR1+CD8+, TCR1highCD8-, and TCR1lowCD8- subsets proliferated well upon dual stimulation with IL-2/IL-12, indicating that none of the three γδ T cell subsets require bystander activation for proliferation. TCR1+CD8+ cells maintained CD8 surface expression during stimulation, whereas CD8- subpopulations showed varied levels of CD8 upregulation, with the highest upregulation observed in the TCR1high subset. Changes in the γδ T-cell receptor repertoire during cell culture from day 0 to day 21 were analyzed by next-generation sequencing of the γδ variable regions. Overall, long-term culture led to a restricted γ and δ chain repertoire, characterized by a reduced number of unique variable region clonotypes, and specific V genes were enriched at day 21. On day 0, the δ chain repertoire was highly diverse, and the predominant clonotypes differed between animals, while the most frequent γ-chain clonotypes were shared between animals. However, on day 21, the most frequent clonotypes in both the γ and δ chain repertoires were different between animals, indicating that selective expansion of dominant clonotypes during stimulation seems to be an individual outcome. In conclusion, IL-2 and IL-12 were sufficient to stimulate the in vitro outgrowth of γδ T cells. Analyses of the TCR repertoire indicate that the culture leads to an expansion of individual T cell clones, which may reflect previous in vivo activation. This system will be instrumental in studying γδ T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Linti
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Göbel
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon P. Früh
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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du Halgouet A, Bruder K, Peltokangas N, Darbois A, Obwegs D, Salou M, Thimme R, Hofmann M, Lantz O, Sagar. Multimodal profiling reveals site-specific adaptation and tissue residency hallmarks of γδ T cells across organs in mice. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:343-356. [PMID: 38177282 PMCID: PMC10834366 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
γδ T cells perform heterogeneous functions in homeostasis and disease across tissues. However, it is unclear whether these roles correspond to distinct γδ subsets or to a homogeneous population of cells exerting context-dependent functions. Here, by cross-organ multimodal single-cell profiling, we reveal that various mouse tissues harbor unique site-adapted γδ subsets. Epidermal and intestinal intraepithelial γδ T cells are transcriptionally homogeneous and exhibit epigenetic hallmarks of functional diversity. Through parabiosis experiments, we uncovered cellular states associated with cytotoxicity, innate-like rapid interferon-γ production and tissue repair functions displaying tissue residency hallmarks. Notably, our observations add nuance to the link between interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells and tissue residency. Moreover, transcriptional programs associated with tissue-resident γδ T cells are analogous to those of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. Altogether, this study provides a multimodal landscape of tissue-adapted γδ T cells, revealing heterogeneity, lineage relationships and their tissue residency program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia du Halgouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerstin Bruder
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Peltokangas
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - David Obwegs
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Salou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428) Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Das D, Arava S, Khandpur S, Santosh KV, Akhtar S, Sharma A. Dominance and improved survivability of human γδT17 cell subset aggravates the immunopathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. Immunol Res 2024; 72:72-81. [PMID: 37620509 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells are highly enriched in epithelial cell-dominated compartments like skin. Nonetheless, their function in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune skin disorder, is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the functional expression of human γδT cell subsets along with their homing chemokine receptor-ligand and inflammatory cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of PV. Estimation of the frequency of γδT cell subsets by flow cytometry revealed four major subsets of γδ T cells (γδT1, γδT2, γδT17, γδTreg) in both control and PV circulation. The elevated frequency of γδT17 cells producing IL17 and expressing CCR6 receptor suggests their inflammatory and migratory potential in PV. In vitro culture of γδ T cells from patients showed increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines IL17, RORγt, IL23, IL1, and co-stimulatory markers, CD27 and CD70. These findings correlated the role of IL1 and IL23 cytokines that alleviate the Th17 population in PV. Cytotoxic activities of γδ T cells were higher and inflammatory γδT17 cells were localized in the skin of PV whereas γδTreg cells associated TGFβ and FOXP3 were lowered. Hyperinflammatory phenotype of the γδT17 cell subset and its migratory potential might be aiding in the pathogenesis of PV, whereas γδTreg cells fail to suppress these inflammatory responses. Hence, γδT17 cell-associated markers can be targeted for identifying novel therapeutics in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayasagar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujay Khandpur
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K V Santosh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shamima Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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23
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Miyahira AK, Soule HR. The 29th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report. Prostate 2024; 84:113-130. [PMID: 37915138 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 29th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held from October 27 to 29, 2022, at the Omni La Costa Resort in Carlsbad, CA. This was the first-ever hybrid PCF Retreat. METHODS The Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a prominent international scientific gathering centered on groundbreaking, unpublished, and influential studies in basic, translational, and clinical prostate cancer research. It also covers research from related fields with a strong potential for influencing prostate cancer research and patient care. RESULTS Key areas of research that were focused on at the 2022 PCF Retreat included: (i) the contributions of molecular and genomic factors to prostate cancer disparities; (ii) novel clinical trial updates; (iii) lessons from primary prostate cancer; (iv) lessons from single-cell studies; (v) genetic, epigenetic, epitranscriptomic and posttranslational mechanisms and clinical heterogeneity in prostate cancer; (vi) biology of neuroendocrine and lineage-plastic prostate cancer; (vii) next generation prostate cancer theranostics and combination therapies; (viii) the biology and therapeutic potential of targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinases pathways; (ix) combining immunomodulatory treatments for prostate cancer; (x) novel gamma delta (γδ) T-cell therapy platforms for oncology; and (xi) lessons from other cancers. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a summary of the presentations from the 2022 PCF Scientific Retreat. By disseminating this knowledge, we hope to enhance our understanding of the present research landscape and guide future strides in both prostate cancer research and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Miyahira
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Howard R Soule
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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24
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Nakashima M, Tanaka Y, Okamura H, Kato T, Imaizumi Y, Nagai K, Miyazaki Y, Murota H. Development of Innate-Immune-Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:128. [PMID: 38247820 PMCID: PMC10814776 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have attracted much attention as promising effector cell subsets for adoptive transfer for use in the treatment of malignant and infectious diseases, because they exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against a variety of malignant tumors, as well as virus-infected cells, in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner. In addition, γδ T cells and NK cells express a high level of CD16, a receptor required for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) and is characterized by the proliferation of malignant peripheral CD4+ T cells. Although several treatments, such as chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, are currently available, their efficacy is limited. In order to develop alternative therapeutic modalities, we considered the possibility of infusion therapy harnessing γδ T cells and NK cells expanded using a novel nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate prodrug (PTA) and interleukin (IL)-2/IL-18, and we examined the efficacy of the cell-based therapy for ATL in vitro. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 55 patients with ATL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with PTA and IL-2/IL-18 for 11 days to expand γδ T cells and NK cells. To expand NK cells alone, CD3+ T-cell-depleted PBMCs were cultured with IL-2/IL-18 for 10 days. Subsequently, the expanded cells were examined for cytotoxicity against ATL cell lines in vitro. The proportion of γδ T cells in PBMCs was markedly low in elderly ATL patients. The median expansion rate of the γδ T cells was 1998-fold, and it was 12-fold for the NK cells, indicating that γδ T cells derived from ATL patients were efficiently expanded ex vivo, irrespective of aging and HTLV-1 infection status. Anti-CCR4 antibodies enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the γδ T cells and NK cells against HTLV-1-infected CCR4-expressing CD4+ T cells in an antibody concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, the adoptive transfer of γδ T cells and NK cells expanded with PTA/IL-2/IL-18 is a promising alternative therapy for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Department of Tumor Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura 856-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura 856-8562, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Life Science Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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25
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Wang Y, Suarez ER, Kastrunes G, de Campos NSP, Abbas R, Pivetta RS, Murugan N, Chalbatani GM, D'Andrea V, Marasco WA. Evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:8. [PMID: 38195534 PMCID: PMC10775455 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved dramatically over the last decade, shifting from high-dose cytokine therapy in combination with surgical resection of tumors to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. However, curative treatment, particularly for advanced-stage disease, remains rare. Cell therapy as a "living drug" has achieved hematological malignancy cures with a high response rate, and significant research efforts have been made to facilitate its translation to solid tumors. Herein, we overview the cellular therapies for RCC focusing on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell receptor gene-modified T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, and dendritic cell vaccination. We have also included perspectives for using other recent approaches, such as CAR macrophages, dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cells and regulatory CAR-T cells to shed light on preclinical development of cell therapy and advancing cell therapy into clinic to achieve cures for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eloah Rabello Suarez
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Kastrunes
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Najla Santos Pacheco de Campos
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Rabia Abbas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Renata Schmieder Pivetta
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nithyassree Murugan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Vincent D'Andrea
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wayne A Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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26
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Zhao Y, Dong P, He W, Zhang J, Chen H. γδ T cells: Major advances in basic and clinical research in tumor immunotherapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:21-33. [PMID: 37592858 PMCID: PMC10766231 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT γδ T cells are a kind of innate immune T cell. They have not attracted sufficient attention because they account for only a small proportion of all immune cells, and many basic factors related to these cells remain unclear. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, γδ T cells have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to exert cytotoxic effects on most tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. An increasing number of basic studies have focused on the development, antigen recognition, activation, and antitumor immune response of γδ T cells. Additionally, γδ T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, and the number of clinical trials investigating such strategies is increasing. This review mainly summarizes the progress of basic research and the clinical application of γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy to provide a theoretical basis for further the development of γδ T cell-based strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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27
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Hohensee L, Scheibner D, Schäfer A, Shelton H, Mettenleiter TC, Breithaupt A, Dorhoi A, Abdelwhab EM, Blohm U. The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens. Vet Res 2024; 55:5. [PMID: 38173025 PMCID: PMC10765749 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H7N7 subtype are enzootic in the wild bird reservoir in Europe, cause infections in poultry, and have sporadically infected humans. The non-structural protein PB1-F2 is encoded in a second open frame in the polymerase segment PB1 and its sequence varies with the host of origin. While mammalian isolates predominantly carry truncated forms, avian isolates typically express full-length PB1-F2. PB1-F2 is a virulence factor of influenza viruses in mammals. It modulates the host immune response, causing immunopathology and increases pro-inflammatory responses. The role of full-length PB1-F2 in IAV pathogenesis as well as its impact on virus adaptation and virulence in poultry remains enigmatic. Here, we characterised recombinant high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) H7N7 expressing or lacking PB1-F2 in vitro and in vivo in chickens. In vitro, full-length PB1-F2 modulated viability of infected chicken fibroblasts by limiting apoptosis. In chickens, PB1-F2 promoted gastrointestinal tropism, as demonstrated by enhanced viral replication in the gut and increased cloacal shedding. PB1-F2's effects on cellular immunity however were marginal. Overall, chickens infected with full-length PB1-F2 virus survived for shorter periods, indicating that PB1-F2 is also a virulence factor in bird-adapted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Hohensee
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
- Infection Pathogenesis, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - David Scheibner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Elsayed M Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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28
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Brooks TR, Caimi PF. A paradox of choice: Sequencing therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Rev 2024; 63:101140. [PMID: 37949705 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The available treatments for relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have experienced a dramatic change since 2017. Incremental advances in basic and translational science over several decades have led to innovations in immune-oncology. These innovations have culminated in eight separate approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with R/R DLBCL over the last 10 years. High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT) remains the standard of care for transplant-eligible patients who relapse after an initial remission. For transplant-ineligible patients or for those who relapse following HDT-ASCT, multiple options exist. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD19, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, immune effector cell products, and other agents with novel mechanisms of action are now available for patients with R/R DLBCL. There is increasing use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells as second-line therapy for patients with early relapse of DLBCL or those who are refractory to initial chemoimmunotherapy. The clinical benefits of these strategies vary and are influenced by patient and disease characteristics, as well as the type of prior therapy administered. Therefore, there are multiple clinical scenarios that clinicians might encounter when treating R/R DLBCL. An optimal sequence of drugs has not been established, and there is no evidence-based consensus on how to best order these agents. This abundance of choices introduces a paradox: proliferating treatment options are initially a boon to patients and providers, but as choices grow further they no longer liberate. Rather, more choices make the management of R/R DLBCL more challenging due to lack of direct comparisons among agents and a desire to maximize patient outcomes. Here, we provide a review of recently-approved second- and subsequent-line agents, summarize real-world data detailing the use of these medicines, and provide a framework for sequencing therapy in R/R DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Brooks
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Paolo F Caimi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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29
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Jiang T, Zheng J, Li N, Li X, He J, Zhou J, Sun B, Chi Q. Dissecting the Mechanisms of Intestinal Immune Homeostasis by Analyzing T-Cell Immune Response in Crohn's Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:422-440. [PMID: 38682449 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232294568240201073417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crohn's disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) represent a group of intestinal disorders characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms linked to the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis. Therefore, comprehending the immune response mechanisms in both categories of intestinal disorders is of paramount significance in the prevention and treatment of these debilitating intestinal ailments. METHOD IIn this study, we conducted single-cell analysis on paired samples obtained from primary colorectal tumors and individuals with Crohn's disease, which was aimed at deciphering the factors influencing the composition of the intestinal immune microenvironment. By aligning T cells across different tissues, we identified various T cell subtypes, such as γδ T cell, NK T cell, and regulatory T (Treg) cell, which maintained immune system homeostasis and were confirmed in enrichment analyses. Subsequently, we generated pseudo-time trajectories for subclusters of T cells in both syndromes to delineate their differentiation patterns and identify key driver genes Result: Furthermore, cellular communication and transcription factor regulatory networks are all essential components of the intricate web of mechanisms that regulate intestinal immune homeostasis. The identified complex cellular interaction suggested potential T-lineage immunotherapeutic targets against epithelial cells with high copy number variation (CNV) levels in CD and CRC. CONCLUSION Finally, the analysis of regulon networks revealed several promising candidates for cell-specific transcription factors (TFs). This study focused on the immune molecular mechanism under intestinal diseases. It contributed to the novel insight of depicting a detailed immune landscape and revealing T-cell responding mechanisms in CD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Nana Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jixing He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junde Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Qiang Chi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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30
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Moradi V, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. The paths and challenges of "off-the-shelf" CAR-T cell therapy: An overview of clinical trials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115888. [PMID: 37979380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) has made a tremendous revolution in the era of cancer immunotherapy, so that since 2017 eight CAR-T cell products have been granted marketing authorization. All of these approved products are generated from autologous sources, but this strategy faces several challenges such as time-consuming and expensive manufacturing process and reduced anti-tumor potency of patients' T cells due to the disease or previous therapies. The use of an allogeneic source can overcome these issues and provide an industrial, scalable, and standardized manufacturing process that reduces costs and provides faster treatment for patients. Nevertheless, for using allogeneic CAR-T cells, we are faced with the challenge of overcoming two formidable impediments: severe life-threatening graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) caused by allogeneic CAR-T cells, and allorejection of allogeneic CAR-T cells by host immune cells which is called "host versus graft" (HvG). In this study, we reviewed recent registered clinical trials of allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy to analyze different approaches to achieve a safe and efficacious "off-the-shelf" source for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Moradi
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kobayashi H, Kondo T, Iizuka J, Yoshida K, Takagi T. A retrospective cohort study of the impact of peripheral blood gamma- delta T cells to prognosis of nonmetastatic renal cell cancer after curative resection. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:488.e1-488.e9. [PMID: 37919100 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gamma-delta-T cells (γδT) have potential antitumor roles and have recently been applied in adoptive immunotherapy. In the present study, we focused on the proportion of γδT cells in the peripheral blood just before surgery for renal cell cancer (RCC) and investigated whether their proportion affected recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) retrospectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 137 patients with localized, non-metastatic RCC who received surgery at our institutes were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: normal and low γδT cell groups based on the proportion of peripheral blood γδT cells. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to access the association of the proportion of peripheral blood γδT cells to RFS and OS. Cox regression were also constructed to access the risks to prognosis. Uni- and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to access associations between risk factors and, RFS and OS. RESULTS Among 137 patients, 40 had a proportion of γδT cells in peripheral blood of less than 1%, which was below the normal range. The remaining 97 patients had these cells in peripheral blood at 1% or higher. In the groups with low γδT cells, 13 patients had recurrences, and 9 patients dies during the observation period. In the groups with normal γδT cells, 16 patients had recurrences, and 8 patients died. The normal γδT cell group demonstrated significantly better prognosis in terms of RFS and OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low hemoglobin level, a low proportion of γδT cells, and a high pathological T stage (pT) were statistically independent risk factors for RFS. Age, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), % γδT cells, and pT were statistically significant factors affecting OS and only pT was an independent risk factor by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION A low proportion of γδT cells was identified as one of the risk factors for RFS. Our findings will provide clues to develop strategies for early intervention in preventing recurrence even after complete resection of RCC and, such as adoptive immunotherapy using autologous γδT cells in patients with a low proportion of γδT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Kobayashi
- Division of Transfusion and Cell-therapy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yan W, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang P. The capability of heterogeneous γδ T cells in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285801. [PMID: 38077392 PMCID: PMC10704246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells, a specialized subset of T lymphocytes, have garnered significant attention within the realm of cancer immunotherapy. Operating at the nexus between adaptive and innate immunological paradigms, these cells showcase a profound tumor discernment repertoire, hinting at novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Significantly, these cells possess the capability to directly identify and eliminate tumor cells without reliance on HLA-antigen presentation. Furthermore, γδ T cells have the faculty to present tumor antigens to αβ T cells, amplifying their anti-tumoral efficacy.Within the diverse and heterogeneous subpopulations of γδ T cells, distinct immune functionalities emerge, manifesting either anti-tumor or pro-tumor roles within the tumor microenvironment. Grasping and strategically harnessing these heterogeneous γδ T cell cohorts is pivotal to their integration in tumor-specific immunotherapeutic modalities. The aim of this review is to describe the heterogeneity of the γδ T cell lineage and the functional plasticity it generates in the treatment of malignant tumors. This review endeavors to elucidate the intricate heterogeneity inherent to the γδ T cell lineage, the consequential functional dynamics in combating malignancies, the latest advancements from clinical trials, and the evolving landscape of γδ T cell-based oncological interventions, while addressing the challenges impeding the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Yan
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S. Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Duan Z, Cui Y. CD8 + T cells in brain injury and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1281763. [PMID: 38077952 PMCID: PMC10702747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1281763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the peripheral immune system and the brain is increasingly being recognized as an important layer of neuroimmune regulation and plays vital roles in brain homeostasis as well as neurological disorders. As an important population of T-cell lymphocytes, the roles of CD8+ T cells in infectious diseases and tumor immunity have been well established. Recently, increasing number of complex functions of CD8+ T cells in brain disorders have been revealed. However, an advanced summary and discussion of the functions and mechanisms of CD8+ T cells in brain injury and neurodegeneration are still lacking. Here, we described the differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells, reviewed the involvement of CD8+ T cells in the regulation of brain injury including stroke and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and discussed therapeutic prospects and future study goals. Understanding these processes will promote the investigation of T-cell immunity in brain disorders and provide new intervention strategies for the treatment of brain injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongying Duan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Sharma NS, Choudhary B. Good Cop, Bad Cop: Profiling the Immune Landscape in Multiple Myeloma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1629. [PMID: 38002311 PMCID: PMC10669790 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a dyscrasia of plasma cells (PCs) characterized by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The disease remains incurable due to a multitude of mutations and structural abnormalities in MM cells, coupled with a favorable microenvironment and immune suppression that eventually contribute to the development of drug resistance. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is composed of a cellular component comprising stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and immune cells, and a non-cellular component made of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the liquid milieu, which contains cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are involved in the adhesion of MM cells, promote the growth, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of MM cells, and are also crucial in angiogenesis and the formation of lytic bone lesions. Classical immunophenotyping in combination with advanced immune profiling using single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled immune cell-specific gene expression analysis in MM to further elucidate the roles of specific immune cell fractions from peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) in myelomagenesis and progression, immune evasion and exhaustion mechanisms, and development of drug resistance and relapse. The review describes the role of BMME components in MM development and ongoing clinical trials using immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Seshagiri Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
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Kurosu T, Okuzaki D, Sakai Y, Kadi MA, Phanthanawiboon S, Ami Y, Shimojima M, Yoshikawa T, Fukushi S, Nagata N, Suzuki T, Kamimura D, Murakami M, Ebihara H, Saijo M. Dengue virus infection induces selective expansion of Vγ4 and Vγ6TCR γδ T cells in the small intestine and a cytokine storm driving vascular leakage in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011743. [PMID: 37939119 PMCID: PMC10659169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Some patients develop a severe form of dengue, called dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal. Severe dengue is associated with a transient increase in vascular permeability. A cytokine storm is thought to be the cause of the vascular leakage. Although there are various research reports on the pathogenic mechanism, the complete pathological process remains poorly understood. We previously reported that dengue virus (DENV) type 3 P12/08 strain caused a lethal systemic infection and severe vascular leakage in interferon (IFN)-α/β and γ receptor knockout mice (IFN-α/β/γRKO mice), and that blockade of TNF-α signaling protected mice. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of liver and small intestine samples collected chronologically from P12/08-infected IFN-α/β/γRKO mice in the presence/absence of blockade of TNF-α signaling and evaluated the cytokine and effector-level events. Blockade of TNF-α signaling mainly protected the small intestine but not the liver. Infection induced the selective expansion of IL-17A-producing Vγ4 and Vγ6 T cell receptor (TCR) γδ T cells in the small intestine, and IL-17A, together with TNF-α, played a critical role in the transition to severe disease via the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and particularly the excess production of IL-6. Infection also induced the infiltration of neutrophils, as well as neutrophil collagenase/matrix metalloprotease 8 production. Blockade of IL-17A signaling reduced mortality and suppressed the expression of most of these cytokines, including TNF-α, indicating that IL-17A and TNF-α synergistically enhance cytokine expression. Blockade of IL-17A prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in stroma-like cells and epithelial cells in the small intestine but only partially prevented recruitment of immune cells to the small intestine. This study provides an overall picture of the pathogenesis of infection in individual mice at the cytokine and effector levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamad Al Kadi
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yasusi Ami
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Guo L, Liu X, Su X. The role of TEMRA cell-mediated immune senescence in the development and treatment of HIV disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284293. [PMID: 37901239 PMCID: PMC10602809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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Li HK, Wu TS, Kuo YC, Hsiao CW, Yang HP, Lee CY, Leng PJ, Chiang YJ, Cheng ZF, Yang SH, Lin YL, Chen LY, Chen CS, Chen YJ, Hsiao SC, Tang SW. A Novel Allogeneic Rituximab-Conjugated Gamma Delta T Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4844. [PMID: 37835538 PMCID: PMC10571679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been applied in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma; however, CAR-T manufacturing requires virus- or non-virus-based genetic modification, which causes high manufacturing costs and potential safety concerns. Antibody-cell conjugation (ACC) technology, which originated from bio-orthogonal click chemistry, provides an efficient approach for arming immune cells with cancer-targeting antibodies without genetic modification. Here, we applied ACC technology in Vγ9Vδ2 T (γδ2 T) cells to generate a novel off-the-shelf CD20-targeting cell therapy ACE1831 (rituximab-conjugated γδ2 T cells) against relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. ACE1831 exhibited superior cytotoxicity against B-cell lymphoma cells and rituximab-resistant cells compared to γδ2 T cells without rituximab conjugation. The in vivo xenograft study demonstrated that ACE1831 treatment strongly suppressed the aggressive proliferation of B-cell lymphoma and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice with no observed toxicity. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that cell activation receptors including the TCR complex, integrins and cytokine receptors were conjugated with rituximab. Intriguingly, the antigen recognition of the ACC-linked antibody/receptor complex stimulated NFAT activation and contributed to ACE1831-mediated cytotoxicity against CD20-expressing cancer cells. This study elucidates the role of the ACC-linked antibody/receptor complex in cytotoxicity and supports the potential of ACE1831 as an off-the-shelf γδ2 cell therapy against relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kang Li
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Tai-Sheng Wu
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yi-Chiu Kuo
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Ching-Wen Hsiao
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Hsiu-Ping Yang
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lee
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Pei-Ju Leng
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yun-Jung Chiang
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Zih-Fei Cheng
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Sen-Han Yang
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yan-Liang Lin
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Hsiao
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Acepodia Biotech Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA; (H.-K.L.); (T.-S.W.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-F.C.); (S.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.L.)
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38
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Lv M, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis, injury and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273459. [PMID: 37854609 PMCID: PMC10579804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between peripheral immune cells and the brain is an important component of the neuroimmune axis. Unconventional T cells, which include natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, and other poorly defined subsets, are a special group of T lymphocytes that recognize a wide range of nonpolymorphic ligands and are the connection between adaptive and innate immunity. Recently, an increasing number of complex functions of these unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis and various brain disorders have been revealed. In this review, we describe the classification and effector function of unconventional T cells, review the evidence for the involvement of unconventional T cells in the regulation of brain homeostasis, summarize the roles and mechanisms of unconventional T cells in the regulation of brain injury and neurodegeneration, and discuss immunotherapeutic potential as well as future research goals. Insight of these processes can shed light on the regulation of T cell immunity on brain homeostasis and diseases and provide new clues for therapeutic approaches targeting brain injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lv
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Sandoz PA, Kuhnigk K, Szabo EK, Thunberg S, Erikson E, Sandström N, Verron Q, Brech A, Watzl C, Wagner AK, Alici E, Malmberg KJ, Uhlin M, Önfelt B. Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6035. [PMID: 37758698 PMCID: PMC10533871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edina K Szabo
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Verron
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brech
- Cancell, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Department for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Uhlin
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Zhao Y, Zhu R, Wang Y, Wang K. Classification and function of γδT cells and its research progress in anti-glioblastoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:150. [PMID: 37597083 PMCID: PMC10439874 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are classified into alpha-beta T (αβΤ) cells and gamma-delta T (γδΤ) cells based on the difference in T cell receptors (TCRs). αβT cells are crucial for the acquired immune response, while γδΤ cells, though only a small subset, can recognize antigenic substances. These antigens do not need to be processed and presented and are not restricted by MHC. This distinguishes γδΤ cells from αβT cells and highlights their distinct role in innate immunity. Despite their small number, γδΤ cells hold significant significance in anti-tumor, anti-infection and immune regulation. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the central nervous system (CNS). Surgical resection alone proves to be an ineffective method for curing this type of cancer. Even with the combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of some individuals with glioblastoma is still poor, and the recurrence rate is high. In this research, the classification, biological, and immunological functions of γδT cells and their research progress in anti-glioblastoma were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhao
- Comprehensive Ward, Yingsheng Hospital District of The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, China
| | - Renhong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai'an Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Yashu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
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41
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Hajdara A, Çakır U, Érsek B, Silló P, Széky B, Barna G, Faqi S, Gyöngy M, Kárpáti S, Németh K, Mayer B. Targeting Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts (MAFs) with Activated γδ (Vδ2) T Cells: An In Vitro Cytotoxicity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12893. [PMID: 37629075 PMCID: PMC10454423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable scientific attention by playing a role in immunosuppression and tumorigenesis. Besides tumor cells, TME is composed of various other cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs or MAFs when referring to melanoma-derived CAFs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), a subpopulation of which is labeled as γδ T cells. Since the current anti-cancer therapies using γδ T cells in various cancers have exhibited mixed treatment responses, to better understand the γδ T cell biology in melanoma, our research group aimed to investigate whether activated γδ T cells are capable of killing MAFs. To answer this question, we set up an in vitro platform using freshly isolated Vδ2-type γδ T cells and cultured MAFs that were biobanked from our melanoma patients. This study proved that the addition of zoledronic acid (1-2.5 µM) to the γδ T cells was necessary to drive MAFs into apoptosis. The MAF cytotoxicity of γδ T cells was further enhanced by using the stimulatory clone 20.1 of anti-BTN3A1 antibody but was reduced when anti-TCR γδ or anti-BTN2A1 antibodies were used. Since the administration of zoledronic acid is safe and tolerable in humans, our results provide further data for future clinical studies on the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hajdara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uğur Çakır
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Silló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Széky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barna
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Shaaban Faqi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyöngy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Krisztián Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (U.Ç.); (P.S.); (B.S.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (K.N.)
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42
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Bettin L, Darbellay J, van Kessel J, Scruten E, Napper S, Gerdts V. Distinct, age-dependent TLR7/8 signaling responses in porcine gamma-delta T cells. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:80-94. [PMID: 37393885 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-Delta T cells are a prominent subset of T cells in pigs. However, developmental changes, antigen recognition, cell migration, and their contributions to pathogen clearance remain largely unknown. We have recently shown that porcine γδ T cells express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and that TLR7/8 stimulation can function as a co-stimulatory signal that complements cytokine-induced signals to enhance INFγ production. Nonetheless, the signaling pathways behind this increased cytokine responsiveness remained unclear. Here, we analyzed the signaling pathways by measuring cellular kinase activity and selective inhibition, confirming that the TLR7/8 expression by γδ T cells is indeed functional. Moreover, TLR downstream signaling responses showed a distinct age-dependency, emphasizing the importance of age in immune function. While the TLR7/8 co-stimulation depended on activation of IRAK1/4, p38 and JNK in adult-derived γδ T cells, γδ T cells from young pigs utilized only p38, indicating the existence of an alternative signaling pathway in young pigs. Overall, this data suggests that porcine γδ T cells could be able to recognize viral RNA through TLR7/8 and subsequently support the survival and activation of the adaptive immune response by cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bettin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph Darbellay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill van Kessel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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43
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Zlatareva I, Wu Y. Local γδ T cells: translating promise to practice in cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:393-405. [PMID: 37311978 PMCID: PMC10403623 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid bench-to-bedside translation of basic immunology to cancer immunotherapy has revolutionised the clinical practice of oncology over the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting αβ T cells now offer durable remissions and even cures for some patients with hitherto treatment-refractory metastatic cancers. Unfortunately, these treatments only benefit a minority of patients and efforts to improve efficacy through combination therapies utilising αβ T cells have seen diminishing returns. Alongside αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells are a third lineage of adaptive lymphocytes. Less is known about these cells, and they remain relatively untested in cancer immunotherapy. Whilst preclinical evidence supports their utility, the few early-phase trials involving γδ T cells have failed to demonstrate convincing efficacy in solid cancers. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of how these cells are regulated, especially locally within tissues, and the potential for translation. In particular, we focus on the latest advances in the field of butyrophilin (BTN) and BTN-like (BTNL) regulation of γδ T cells and speculate on how these advances may address the limitations of historical approaches in utilising these cells, as well as how they may inform novel approaches in deploying these cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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44
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Wan J, Zhang Q, Hao Y, Tao Z, Song W, Chen S, Qin L, Song W, Shan Y. Infiltrated IL-17A-producing gamma delta T cells play a protective role in sepsis-induced liver injury and are regulated by CCR6 and gut commensal microbes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149506. [PMID: 37475963 PMCID: PMC10354519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is a common but serious disease in intensive care units, which may induce multiple organ dysfunctions such as liver injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a protective role in sepsis. However, the function and mechanism of γδ T cells in sepsis-induced liver injury have not been fully elucidated. IL-17A-producing γδ T cells are a newly identified cell subtype. Methods We utilized IL-17A-deficient mice to investigate the role of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in sepsis using the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Results Our findings suggested that these cells were the major source of IL-17A and protected against sepsis-induced liver injury. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these γδ T cells expressed Vγ4 TCR and migrated into liver from peripheral post CLP, in a CCR6-dependent manner. When CLP mice were treated with anti-CCR6 antibody to block CCR6-CCL20 axis, the recruitment of Vγ4+ γδ T cells was abolished, indicating a CCR6-dependent manner of migration. Interestingly, pseudo germ-free CLP mice treated with antibiotics showed that hepatic IL-17A+ γδ T cells were regulated by gut commensal microbes. E. coli alone were able to restore the protective effect in pseudo germ-free mice by rescuing hepatic IL-17A+ γδ T cell population. Conclusion Our research has shown that Vγ4+ IL-17A+ γδ T cells infiltrating into the liver play a crucial role in protecting against sepsis-induced liver injury. This protection was contingent upon the recruitment of CCR6 and regulated by gut commensal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Tao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Qin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Zhang C, Liu X, Xiao J, Jiang F, Fa L, Jiang H, Zhou L, Su W, Xu Z. γδ T cells in autoimmune uveitis pathogenesis: A promising therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115629. [PMID: 37257721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a non-infectious, inflammatory intraocular disease that affects the uveal and adjacent tissues. It frequently causes varying degrees of visual loss. Evidence for the strong association between activated γδ T cells and the development of autoimmune uveitis is growing. The innate and adaptive immune response are connected in the early phases by the γδ T cells that contain the γ and δ chains. γδ T cells can identify antigens in a manner that is not constrained by the MHC. When activated by various pathways, γδ T cells can not only secrete pro-inflammatory factors early on (such as IL-17), but they can also promote Th17 cells responses, which ultimately exacerbates autoimmune uveitis. Therefore, we review the mechanisms by which γδ T cells affect autoimmune uveitis in different activation and disease states. Moreover, we also prospect for immunotherapies targeting different γδ T cell-related action pathways, providing a reference for exploring new drug for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanwen Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Luzhong Fa
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Seo N, Okumura S, Hayashi T, Akahori Y, Fujiwara H, Amaishi Y, Okamoto S, Mineno J, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Shiku H. CAR-Modified Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Propagated Using a Novel Bisphosphonate Prodrug for Allogeneic Adoptive Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10873. [PMID: 37446055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of CAR-T therapy could be expanded to the treatment of solid tumors through the use of derived autologous αβ T cell, but clinical trials of CAR-T therapy for patients with solid tumors have so far been disappointing. CAR-T therapy also faces hurdles due to the time and cost intensive preparation of CAR-T cell products derived from patients as such CAR-T cells are often poor in quality and low in quantity. These inadequacies may be mitigated through the use of third-party donor derived CAR-T cell products which have a potent anti-tumor function but a constrained GVHD property. Vγ9Vδ2 TCR have been shown to exhibit potent antitumor activity but not alloreactivity. Therefore, in this study, CAR-T cells were prepared from Vγ9Vδ2 T (CAR-γδ T) cells which were expanded by using a novel prodrug PTA. CAR-γδ T cells suppressed tumor growth in an antigen specific manner but only during a limited time window. Provision of GITR co-stimulation enhanced anti-tumor function of CAR-γδ T cells. Our present results indicate that, while further optimization of CAR-γδ T cells is necessary, the present results demonstrate that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are potential source of 'off-the-shelf' CAR-T cell products for successful allogeneic adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Wang
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Linan Wang
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Naohiro Seo
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Tae Hayashi
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasushi Akahori
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Sakamoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Kato
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Center for Comprehensive Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
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Khan AH, Chowers I, Lotery AJ. Beyond the Complement Cascade: Insights into Systemic Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Current Barriers to Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:1708. [PMID: 37443742 PMCID: PMC10340338 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Landmark genetic studies have revealed the effect of complement biology and its regulation on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Limited phase 3 clinical trial data showing a benefit of complement inhibition in AMD raises the prospect of more complex mediators at play. Substantial evidence supports the role of para-inflammation in maintaining homeostasis in the retina and choroid. With increasing age, a decline in immune system regulation, known as immunosenescence, has been shown to alter the equilibrium maintained by para-inflammation. The altered equilibrium results in chronic, sterile inflammation with aging, termed 'inflammaging', including in the retina and choroid. The chronic inflammatory state in AMD is complex, with contributions from cells of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, sometimes with overlapping features, and the interaction of their secretory products with retinal cells such as microglia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), extracellular matrix and choroidal vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the chronic inflammatory state in AMD will be explored by immune cell type, with a discussion of factors that will need to be overcome in the development of curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan H. Khan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Rimailho L, Faria C, Domagala M, Laurent C, Bezombes C, Poupot M. γδ T cells in immunotherapies for B-cell malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200003. [PMID: 37426670 PMCID: PMC10325712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements in therapy for B cell malignancies and the increase in long-term survival of patients, almost half of them lead to relapse. Combinations of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD20 leads to mixed outcomes. Recent developments in immune cell-based therapies are showing many encouraging results. γδ T cells, with their potential of functional plasticity and their anti-tumoral properties, emerged as good candidates for cancer immunotherapies. The representation and the diversity of γδ T cells in tissues and in the blood, in physiological conditions or in B-cell malignancies such as B cell lymphoma, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia or multiple myeloma, provides the possibility to manipulate them with immunotherapeutic approaches for these patients. In this review, we summarized several strategies based on the activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, optimization of expansion protocols, and development of gene-modified γδ T cells, using combinations of antibodies and therapeutic drugs and adoptive cell therapy with autologous or allogenic γδ T cells following potential genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rimailho
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Faria
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Domagala
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Bezombes
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Hofossæter M, Sørby R, Göksu AB, Mydland LT, Øverland M, Press CM. Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a functional protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Early response of intestinal mucosal compartments in the distal intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108758. [PMID: 37105428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between nutrition and the immune system is well recognized, and several studies show that experimental diets elicit local morphological changes and alteration of gene and protein expression in the intestinal mucosa of Atlantic salmon. In this study the pathophysiological effects of experimental diets on mucosal responses in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon were investigated. Atlantic salmon were fed diets with inclusion of soybean meal (SBM) and Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) yeast for 7 days. A standard fish meal (FM) diet was used as a control. Morphological, immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses were used to evaluate the presence of immune cells, proliferating cells, and stem cell populations in mucosal compartments of the simple folds in the distal intestine. Fish fed SBM developed morphological changes consistent with SBM induced enteritis. Immunohistochemistry showed an increased presence of apoptotic cells, CD3ϵ and CD8α labelled cells in the simple fold epithelium of SBM group compared with the CJ group. For the investigated genes, expression levels in all three groups were mostly higher in the epithelial compartment of the simple fold than in the compartment beneath the folds. Most changes within the epithelial compartment were observed in fish fed SBM, where expression of CD3ζ, CD8α, MHC I and MHC II were lower than the FM control group. The CJ group had an increased expression of the stem cell marker Lgr5 in the epithelial compartment compared with SBM group. The division of the simple fold into an apical and basal compartment showed that the increase in Lgr5 was evident along the whole length of the simple folds and not confined to the base of the folds. Similarly, proliferation (PCNA, MCM2) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) gene expression was present in the entire length of the simple folds, suggesting that intestinal epithelial cell turnover is not confined to the basal or apical part of the fold. This study shows that the epithelial compartment is active in the early immunoregulatory response towards dietary stimuli and that the level of an intestinal stem cell marker in salmon was influenced by a diet containing CJ yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Hofossæter
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Randi Sørby
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Bodura Göksu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Charles McL Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Tabilas C, Smith NL, Rudd BD. Shaping immunity for life: Layered development of CD8 + T cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:108-125. [PMID: 36653953 PMCID: PMC10205662 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle Tabilas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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