1
|
Tai TS, Yang HY, Chuang WC, Huang YW, Ho IC, Tsai CC, Chuang YT. ScRNA-Seq Analyses Define the Role of GATA3 in iNKT Cell Effector Lineage Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:1073. [PMID: 38920701 PMCID: PMC11201670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
While the transcription factor GATA-3 is well-established for its crucial role in T cell development, its specific influence on invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells remains relatively unexplored. Using flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that GATA-3 deficiency in mice leads to the absence of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cell subsets, as well as an altered distribution of iNKT1 cells. Thymic iNKT cells lacking GATA-3 exhibited diminished expression of PLZF and T-bet, key transcription factors involved in iNKT cell differentiation, and reduced production of Th2, Th17, and cytotoxic effector molecules. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a comprehensive absence of iNKT17 cells, a substantial reduction in iNKT2 cells, and an increase in iNKT1 cells in GATA-3-deficient thymi. Differential expression analysis highlighted the regulatory role of GATA-3 in T cell activation signaling and altered expression of genes critical for iNKT cell differentiation, such as Icos, Cd127, Eomes, and Zbtb16. Notably, restoration of Icos, but not Cd127, expression could rescue iNKT cell development in GATA-3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the pivotal role of GATA-3 in orchestrating iNKT cell effector lineage differentiation through the regulation of T cell activation pathways and Icos expression, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms governing iNKT cell development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Shyuan Tai
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Advanced Immunology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM, Galluzzi L. Immunological aspects of central neurodegeneration. Cell Discov 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38594240 PMCID: PMC11004155 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the central nervous system including (but not limited to) Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease has classically been attributed to neuronal defects that culminate with the loss of specific neuronal populations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that numerous immune effector cells and the products thereof (including cytokines and other soluble mediators) have a major impact on the pathogenesis and/or severity of these and other neurodegenerative syndromes. These observations not only add to our understanding of neurodegenerative conditions but also imply that (at least in some cases) therapeutic strategies targeting immune cells or their products may mediate clinically relevant neuroprotective effects. Here, we critically discuss immunological mechanisms of central neurodegeneration and propose potential strategies to correct neurodegeneration-associated immunological dysfunction with therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
| | - José M Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gutiérrez-Vera C, García-Betancourt R, Palacios PA, Müller M, Montero DA, Verdugo C, Ortiz F, Simon F, Kalergis AM, González PA, Saavedra-Avila NA, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ. Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364774. [PMID: 38629075 PMCID: PMC11018981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Verdugo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Shao K, Krishnamurthy P, Gershwin ME, Leung PSC, Sokke Umeshappa C. Invariant natural killer T cells in autoimmune cholangiopathies: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103485. [PMID: 38040101 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) constitute a specialized subset of lymphocytes that bridges innate and adaptive immunity through a combination of traits characteristic of both conventional T cells and innate immune cells. iNKT cells are characterized by their invariant T cell receptors and discerning recognition of lipid antigens, which are presented by the non-classical MHC molecule, CD1d. Within the hepatic milieu, iNKT cells hold heightened prominence, contributing significantly to the orchestration of organ homeostasis. Their unique positioning to interact with diverse cellular entities, ranging from epithelial constituents like hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to immunocytes including Kupffer cells, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, imparts them with potent immunoregulatory abilities. Emergering knowledge of liver iNKT cells subsets enable to explore their therapeutic potential in autoimmne liver diseases. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of iNKT cell investigations in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, with a particular focus on primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, across murine models and human subjects to unravel the intricate involvements of iNKT cells in liver autoimmunity. Additionally, we also highlight the prospectives of iNKT cells as therapeutic targets in cholangiopathies. Modulation of the equilibrium between regulatory and proinflammatory iNKT subsets can be defining determinant in the dynamics of hepatic autoimmunity. This discernment not only enriches our foundational comprehension but also lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to navigate the multifaceted landscape of liver autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y, He Y, Cai J, Liang L, Chen Z, Pan S, Hua C, Wu K, Wang L, Zhang Z. Harnessing cytokine-induced killer cells to accelerate diabetic wound healing: an approach to regulating post-traumatic inflammation. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbad116. [PMID: 38333727 PMCID: PMC10850840 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired immunohomeostasis in diabetic wounds prolongs inflammation and cytokine dysfunction, thus, delaying or preventing wound-surface healing. Extensive clinical studies have been conducted on cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells recently, as they can be easily proliferated using a straightforward, inexpensive protocol. Therefore, the function of CIK cells in regulating inflammatory environments has been drawing attention for clinical management. Throughout the current investigation, we discovered the regenerative capacity of these cells in the challenging environment of wounds that heal poorly due to diabetes. We demonstrated that the intravenous injection of CIK cells can re-establish a proregenerative inflammatory microenvironment, promote vascularization and, ultimately, accelerate skin healing in diabetic mice. The results indicated that CIK cell treatment affects macrophage polarization and restores the function of regenerative cells under hyperglycemic conditions. This novel cellular therapy offers a promising intervention for clinical applications through specific inflammatory regulation functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Yang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Yijun He
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Sports Medicine, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Cai
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohuan Chen
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Sicheng Pan
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Chu Hua
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Keke Wu
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tognarelli EI, Gutiérrez-Vera C, Palacios PA, Pasten-Ferrada IA, Aguirre-Muñoz F, Cornejo DA, González PA, Carreño LJ. Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5737. [PMID: 38136283 PMCID: PMC10742272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs), a type of unconventional T cells, share features with NK cells and have an invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes lipid antigens loaded on CD1d molecules, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like protein. This interaction produces the secretion of a wide array of cytokines by these cells, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), allowing iNKTs to link innate with adaptive responses. Interestingly, molecules that bind CD1d have been identified that enable the modulation of these cells, highlighting their potential pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capacities, as required in different clinical settings. In this review, we summarize key features of iNKTs and current understandings of modulatory α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) variants, a model iNKT cell activator that can shift the outcome of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss advances in the development of strategies that modulate these cells to target pathologies that are considerable healthcare burdens. Finally, we recapitulate findings supporting a role for iNKTs in infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I. Tognarelli
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ignacio A. Pasten-Ferrada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fernanda Aguirre-Muñoz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Cornejo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khoshbakht S, Başkurt D, Vural A, Vural S. Behçet's Disease: A Comprehensive Review on the Role of HLA-B*51, Antigen Presentation, and Inflammatory Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16382. [PMID: 38003572 PMCID: PMC10671634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex, recurring inflammatory disorder with autoinflammatory and autoimmune components. This comprehensive review aims to explore BD's pathogenesis, focusing on established genetic factors. Studies reveal that HLA-B*51 is the primary genetic risk factor, but non-HLA genes (ERAP1, IL-10, IL23R/IL-12RB2), as well as innate immunity genes (FUT2, MICA, TLRs), also contribute. Genome-wide studies emphasize the significance of ERAP1 and HLA-I epistasis. These variants influence antigen presentation, enzymatic activity, and HLA-I peptidomes, potentially leading to distinct autoimmune responses. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies exploring the association between HLA-B*51 and BD and further highlighted the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in BD. Dysregulations in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Th1 ratios, heightened clonal cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, and reduced T regulatory cells characterize BD's complex immune responses. Various immune cell types (neutrophils, γδ T cells, natural killer cells) further contribute by releasing cytokines (IL-17, IL-8, GM-CSF) that enhance neutrophil activation and mediate interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. In summary, this review advances our understanding of BD pathogenesis while acknowledging the research limitations. Further exploration of genetic interactions, immune dysregulation, and immune cell roles is crucial. Future studies may unveil novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering improved management for this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khoshbakht
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
| | - Defne Başkurt
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Atay Vural
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Seçil Vural
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rotolo A, Whelan EC, Atherton MJ, Kulikovskaya I, Jarocha D, Fraietta JA, Kim MM, Diffenderfer ES, Cengel KA, Piviani M, Radaelli E, Duran-Struuck R, Mason NJ. Unedited allogeneic iNKT cells show extended persistence in MHC-mismatched canine recipients. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101241. [PMID: 37852175 PMCID: PMC10591065 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic invariant natural killer T cells (allo-iNKTs) induce clinical remission in patients with otherwise incurable cancers and COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure. However, their functionality is inconsistent among individuals, and they become rapidly undetectable after infusion, raising concerns over rejection and limited therapeutic potential. We validate a strategy to promote allo-iNKT persistence in dogs, an established large-animal model for novel cellular therapies. We identify donor-specific iNKT biomarkers of survival and sustained functionality, conserved in dogs and humans and retained upon chimeric antigen receptor engineering. We reason that infusing optimal allo-iNKTs enriched in these biomarkers will prolong their persistence without requiring MHC ablation, high-intensity chemotherapy, or cytokine supplementation. Optimal allo-iNKTs transferred into MHC-mismatched dogs remain detectable for at least 78 days, exhibiting sustained immunomodulatory effects. Our canine model will accelerate biomarker discovery of optimal allo-iNKT products, furthering application of MHC-unedited allo-iNKTs as a readily accessible universal platform to treat incurable conditions worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rotolo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Eoin C Whelan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric S Diffenderfer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Piviani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li W, Gurdziel K, Pitchaikannu A, Gupta N, Hazlett LD, Xu S. The miR-183/96/182 cluster is a checkpoint for resident immune cells and shapes the cellular landscape of the cornea. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:17-41. [PMID: 37536656 PMCID: PMC10834862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C) regulates both corneal sensory innervation and corneal resident immune cells (CRICs). This study is to uncover its role in CRICs and in shaping the corneal cellular landscape at a single-cell (sc) level. METHODS Corneas of naïve, young adult [2 and 6 months old (mo)], female miR-183C knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were harvested and dissociated into single cells. Dead cells were removed using a Dead Cell Removal kit. CD45+ CRICs were enriched by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS). scRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced followed by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS The composition of major cell types of the cornea stays relatively stable in WT mice from 2 to 6 mo, however the compositions of subtypes of corneal cells shift with age. Inactivation of miR-183C disrupts the stability of the major cell-type composition and age-related transcriptomic shifts of subtypes of corneal cells. The diversity of CRICs is enhanced with age. Naïve mouse cornea contains previously-unrecognized resident fibrocytes and neutrophils. Resident macrophages (ResMφ) adopt cornea-specific function by expressing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM organization-related genes. Naïve cornea is endowed with partially-differentiated proliferative ResMφ and contains microglia-like Mφ. Resident lymphocytes, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), NKT and γδT cells, are the major source of innate IL-17a. miR-183C limits the diversity and polarity of ResMφ. CONCLUSION miR-183C serves as a checkpoint for CRICs and imposes a global regulation of the cellular landscape of the cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine, USA; Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ahalya Pitchaikannu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Naman Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang J, Yang L, Guan F, Miller H, Camara NOS, James LK, Benlagha K, Kubo M, Heegaard S, Lee P, Lei J, Zeng H, He C, Zhai Z, Liu C. The role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146628. [PMID: 37283744 PMCID: PMC10239924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Raptor, a key component of mTORC1, is required for recruiting substrates to mTORC1 and contributing to its subcellular localization. Raptor has a highly conserved N-terminus domain and seven WD40 repeats, which interact with mTOR and other mTORC1-related proteins. mTORC1 participates in various cellular events and mediates differentiation and metabolism. Directly or indirectly, many factors mediate the differentiation and function of lymphocytes that is essential for immunity. In this review, we summarize the role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function, whereby Raptor mediates the secretion of cytokines to induce early lymphocyte metabolism, development, proliferation and migration. Additionally, Raptor regulates the function of lymphocytes by regulating their steady-state maintenance and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Rikagaku Kenkyusho, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng Q, Deng Y, Lu Y, Wu C, Tang S. Tumor-derived miRNAs as tumor microenvironment regulators for synergistic therapeutic options. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:423-439. [PMID: 36378341 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that perform post-transcriptional gene regulation. This review focuses on the role of tumor cell-derived miRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) via receptor cell recoding, including angiogenesis, expression of immunosuppressive molecules, formation of radiation resistance, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of these molecules as adjuvant therapies in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, as well as their advantages as efficacy predictors for personalized therapy. MiRNA-based therapeutic agents for tumors are currently in clinical trials, and while challenges remain, additional research on tumor-derived miRNAs is warranted, which may provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yaoming Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China. .,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jafari A, Karimabadi K, Rahimi A, Rostaminasab G, Khazaei M, Rezakhani L, Ahmadi jouybari T. The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231205999. [PMID: 37817634 PMCID: PMC10566290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aso Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Yu T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Shu Y. Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3133-3154. [PMID: 35405312 PMCID: PMC9552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs induce gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs and circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The role of ncRNAs in tumor-host interactions is ubiquitous. Current research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss the effects of exosomal ncRNAs on immune cells to induce T cell exhaustion, overexpression of programmed cell death ligands, and create a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications and prospects of exosomal ncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yizhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carrión B, Liu Y, Hadi M, Lundstrom J, Christensen JR, Ammitzbøll C, Dziegiel MH, Sørensen PS, Comabella M, Montalban X, Sellebjerg F, Issazadeh-Navikas S. Transcriptome and Function of Novel Immunosuppressive Autoreactive Invariant Natural Killer T Cells That Are Absent in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/6/e1065. [PMID: 34385365 PMCID: PMC8362604 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether natural killer T (NKT) cells, including invariant (i) NKT cells, have clinical value in preventing the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) by examining the mechanisms by which a distinct self-peptide induces a novel, protective invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT cell) subset. METHODS We performed a transcriptomic and functional analysis of iNKT cells that were reactive to a human collagen type II self-peptide, hCII707-721, measuring differentially induced genes, cytokines, and suppressive capacity. RESULTS We report the first transcriptomic profile of human conventional vs novel hCII707-721-reactive iNKT cells. We determined that hCII707-721 induces protective iNKT cells that are found in the blood of healthy individuals but not progressive patients with MS (PMS). By transcriptomic analysis, we observed that hCII707-721 promotes their development and proliferation, favoring the splicing of full-length AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) and effector function of this unique lineage by upregulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related genes. Furthermore, hCII707-721-reactive iNKT cells did not upregulate interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13, or IL-17 by RNA-seq or at the protein level, unlike the response to the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide. hCII707-721-reactive iNKT cells increased TNFα only at the protein level and suppressed autologous-activated T cells through FAS-FAS ligand (FAS-FASL) and TNFα-TNF receptor I signaling but not TNF receptor II. DISCUSSION Based on their immunomodulatory properties, NKT cells have a potential value in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as MS. These significant findings suggest that endogenous peptide ligands can be used to expand iNKT cells, without causing a cytokine storm, constituting a potential immunotherapy for autoimmune conditions, including PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Carrión
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Yawei Liu
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Mahdieh Hadi
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jon Lundstrom
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Ammitzbøll
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Per Soelberg Sørensen
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Manuel Comabella
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Xavier Montalban
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- From the Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) (B.C., Y.L., M.H., J.L., S.I.-N.), University of Copenhagen; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.R.C., C.A., P.S.S.), University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet; Blood Bank (M.H.D.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (M.C.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (X.M.), Cemcat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gálvez NMS, Bohmwald K, Pacheco GA, Andrade CA, Carreño LJ, Kalergis AM. Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00232-20. [PMID: 33361143 PMCID: PMC7950362 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00232-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided into two major subsets, innate and adaptive, with particular characteristics for each type. Type I natural killer T (iNKT) cells are defined as innate-like T cells sharing features with both traditional adaptive and innate cells, such as the expression of an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and several NK receptors. The invariant TCR in iNKT cells interacts with CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like molecule. CD1d can bind and present antigens of lipid nature and induce the activation of iNKT cells, leading to the secretion of various cytokines, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cytokines will aid in the activation of other immune cells following stimulation of iNKT cells. Several molecules with the capacity to bind to CD1d have been discovered, including α-galactosylceramide. Likewise, several molecules have been synthesized that are capable of polarizing iNKT cells into different profiles, either pro- or anti-inflammatory. This versatility allows NKT cells to either aid or impair the clearance of pathogens or to even control or increase the symptoms associated with pathogenic infections. Such diverse contributions of NKT cells to infectious diseases are supported by several publications showing either a beneficial or detrimental role of these cells during diseases. In this article, we discuss current data relative to iNKT cells and their features, with an emphasis on their driving role in diseases produced by pathogenic agents in an organ-oriented fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nilsson J, Hörnberg M, Schmidt-Christensen A, Linde K, Nilsson M, Carlus M, Erttmann SF, Mayans S, Holmberg D. NKT cells promote both type 1 and type 2 inflammatory responses in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21778. [PMID: 33311540 PMCID: PMC7732838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile liver inflammation and fibrosis are associated with many liver disorders of different etiologies. Both type 1 and type 2 inflammatory responses have been reported to contribute to liver pathology. However, the mechanisms controlling the balance between these responses are largely unknown. Natural killer T (NKT) cells can be activated to rapidly secrete cytokines and chemokines associated with both type 1 and type 2 inflammatory responses. As these proteins have been reported to accumulate in different types of sterile liver inflammation, we hypothesized that these cells may play a role in this pathological process. We have found that a transgenic NKT (tgNKT) cell population produced in the immunodeficient 2,4αβNOD.Rag2−/− mice, but not in 2,4αβNOD.Rag2+/− control mice, promoted a type 1 inflammatory response with engagement of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The induction of the type 1 inflammatory response was followed by an altered cytokine profile of the tgNKT cell population with a biased production of anti-inflammatory/profibrotic cytokines and development of liver fibrosis. These findings illustrate how the plasticity of NKT cells modulates the inflammatory response, suggesting a key role for the NKT cell population in the control of sterile liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.,InfiCure Bio AB, Tvistevägen 48 C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anja Schmidt-Christensen
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Linde
- InfiCure Bio AB, Tvistevägen 48 C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marine Carlus
- Carlus Pathology Consulting, 2 rue de la Libération, 76630, Bellengreville, France
| | - Saskia F Erttmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Mayans
- InfiCure Bio AB, Tvistevägen 48 C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden. .,InfiCure Bio AB, Tvistevägen 48 C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mehravar M, Roshandel E, Salimi M, Chegeni R, Gholizadeh M, Mohammadi MH, Hajifathali A. Utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cellular therapies for lymphoid malignancies. Immunol Lett 2020; 226:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
The Role of T Cells and Macrophages in Asthma Pathogenesis: A New Perspective on Mutual Crosstalk. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7835284. [PMID: 32922208 PMCID: PMC7453253 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7835284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with innate and adaptive immunity mediated by immune cells. T cell or macrophage dysfunction plays a particularly significant role in asthma pathogenesis. Furthermore, crosstalk between them continuously transmits proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory signals, causing the immune cell activation or repression in the immune response. Consequently, the imbalanced immune microenvironment is the major cause of the exacerbation of asthma. Here, we discuss the role of T cells, macrophages, and their interactions in asthma pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kraaijvanger R, Janssen Bonás M, Vorselaars ADM, Veltkamp M. Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sarcoidosis: Current Use and Future Prospects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1443. [PMID: 32760396 PMCID: PMC7372102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease in terms of presentation, duration, and severity. Due to this heterogeneity, it is difficult to align treatment decisions. Biomarkers have proved to be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases, and over the years, many biomarkers have been proposed to facilitate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. Unfortunately, the ideal biomarker for sarcoidosis has not yet been discovered. The most commonly used biomarkers are serum and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers, but these lack the necessary specificity and sensitivity. In sarcoidosis, therefore, a combination of these biomarkers is often used to establish a proper diagnosis or detect possible progression. Other potential biomarkers include imaging tools and cell signaling pathways. Fluor-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and high-resolution computed tomography have been proven to be more sensitive for the diagnosis and prognosis of both pulmonary and cardiac sarcoidosis than the serum biomarkers ACE and sIL-2R. There is an upcoming role for exploration of signaling pathways in sarcoidosis pathogenesis. The JAK/STAT and mTOR pathways in particular have been investigated because of their role in granuloma formation. The activation of these signaling pathways also proved to be a specific biomarker for the prognosis of sarcoidosis. Furthermore, both imaging and cell signaling biomarkers also enable patients who might benefit from a particular type of treatment to be distinguished from those who will not. In conclusion, the diagnostic and prognostic path of sarcoidosis involves many different types of existing and new biomarker. Research addressing biomarkers and disease pathology is ongoing in order to find the ideal sensitive and specific biomarker for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Kraaijvanger
- Department of Pulmonology, ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Montse Janssen Bonás
- Department of Pulmonology, ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Adriane D. M. Vorselaars
- Department of Pulmonology, ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Human unconventional T cells in Plasmodium falciparum infection. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:265-277. [PMID: 32076813 PMCID: PMC7223888 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an old scourge of humankind and has a large negative impact on the economic development of affected communities. Recent success in malaria control and reduction of mortality seems to have stalled emphasizing that our current intervention tools need to be complemented by malaria vaccines. Different populations of unconventional T cells such as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and γδ T cells are gaining attention in the field of malaria immunology. Significant advances in our basic understanding of unconventional T cell biology in rodent malaria models have been made, however, their roles in humans during malaria are less clear. Unconventional T cells are abundant in skin, gut and liver tissues, and long-lasting expansions and functional alterations were observed upon malaria infection in malaria naïve and malaria pre-exposed volunteers. Here, we review the current understanding of involvement of unconventional T cells in anti-Plasmodium falciparum immunity and highlight potential future research avenues.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are an innate-like T cell subset that expresses an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognizes lipids presented on CD1d. They secrete diverse cytokines and can influence many types of immune responses. Despite having highly similar TCR specificities, iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus into distinct subsets that are analogous to T helper 1 (TH1), TH2 and TH17 cell subsets. Additional iNKT cell subsets that may require peripheral activation have also been described, including one that produces IL-10. In general, iNKT cells are non-circulating, tissue-resident lymphocytes, but the prevalence of different iNKT cell subsets differs markedly between tissues. Here, we summarize the functions of iNKT cells in four tissues in which they are prevalent, namely, the liver, the lungs, adipose tissue and the intestine. Importantly, we explain how local iNKT cell responses at each site contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from infection but can also contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.
Collapse
|
23
|
Banach M, Robert J. Evolutionary Underpinnings of Innate-Like T Cell Interactions with Cancer. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:737-758. [PMID: 31223047 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1631341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancers impose a significant health and economic burden. By harnessing the immune system, current immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment against human cancers and potentially offer a long-term cure. Among others, innate-like T (iT) cells, including natural killer T cells, are promising candidates for immunotherapies. Unlike conventional T cells, iT cells regulate multiple immune processes and express an invariant T cell receptor that is shared among different individuals. However, the conditions that activate the pro- and antitumor functions of iT cells are partially understood. These gaps in knowledge hamper the use of iT cell in clinics. It might be beneficial to examine the roles of iT cells in an alternative animal model - the amphibian Xenopus whose immune system shares many similarities to that of mammals. Here, we review the iT cell biology in the context of mammalian cancers and discuss the challenges currently found in the field. Next, we introduce the advantages of Xenopus as a model to investigate the role of iT cells and interacting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules in tumor immunity. In Xenopus, 2 specific iT cell subsets, Vα6 and Vα22 iT cells, recognize and fight tumor cells. Furthermore, our recent data reveal the complex functions of the Xenopus MHC class I-like (XNC) gene XNC10 in tumor immune responses. By utilizing reverse genetics, transgenesis, and MHC tetramers, we have a unique opportunity to uncover the relevance of XNC genes and iT cell in Xenopus tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Banach
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Hill BJ, Darko S, Song K, Quigley MF, Asher TE, Morita Y, Greenaway HY, Venturi V, Douek DC, Davenport MP, Price DA, Roederer M. The peripheral differentiation of human natural killer T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:586-596. [PMID: 30875134 PMCID: PMC6767057 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral maturation of human CD1d‐restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells has not been well described. In this study, we identified four major subsets of NKT cells in adults, distinguished by the expression of CD4, CD8 and CCR5. Phenotypic analysis suggested a hierarchical pattern of differentiation, whereby immature CD4+CD8−CCR5− cells progressed to an intermediate CD4+CD8−CCR5+ stage, which remained less differentiated than the CD4−CD8− and CD4−CD8+ subsets, both of which expressed CCR5. This interpretation was supported by functional data, including clonogenic potential and cytokine secretion profiles, as well as T‐cell receptor (TCR) excision circle analysis. Moreover, conventional and high‐throughput sequencing of the corresponding TCR repertoires demonstrated significant clonotypic overlap within individuals, especially between the more differentiated CD4−CD8− and CD4−CD8+ subsets. Collectively, these results mapped a linear differentiation pathway across the post‐thymic landscape of human CD1d‐restricted NKT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brenna J Hill
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kaimei Song
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Máire F Quigley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tedi E Asher
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hui Y Greenaway
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haspeslagh E, van Helden MJ, Deswarte K, De Prijck S, van Moorleghem J, Boon L, Hammad H, Vivier E, Lambrecht BN. Role of NKp46 + natural killer cells in house dust mite-driven asthma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708657. [PMID: 29444897 PMCID: PMC5887908 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM)‐allergic asthma is driven by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, but also innate immune cells control key aspects of the disease. The precise function of innate natural killer (NK) cells during the initiation and propagation of asthma has been very confusing, in part because different, not entirely specific, strategies were used to target these cells. We show that HDM inhalation rapidly led to the accumulation of NK cells in the lung‐draining lymph nodes and of activated CD69+ NK cells in the bronchoalveolar lumen. However, genetically engineered Ncr1‐DTA or Ncr1‐DTR mice that constitutively or temporarily lack NK cells, still developed all key features of acute or chronic HDM‐driven asthma, such as bronchial hyperreactivity, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, and Th2‐dependent immunoglobulin serum titers. The same results were obtained by administration of conventional NK1.1 or asialo‐GM1 NK cell‐depleting antibodies, antibody‐mediated blocking of the NKG2D receptor, or genetic NKG2D deficiency. Thus, although NK cells accumulate in allergen‐challenged lungs, our findings comprehensively demonstrate that these cells are not required for HDM‐driven asthma in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Haspeslagh
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary J van Helden
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine van Moorleghem
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université Parc Scientifique & Technologique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Omana-Zapata I, Mutschmann C, Schmitz J, Gibson S, Judge K, Aruda Indig M, Lu B, Taufman D, Sanfilippo AM, Shallenberger W, Graminske S, McLean R, Hsen RI, d’Empaire N, Dean K, O’Gorman M. Accurate and reproducible enumeration of T-, B-, and NK lymphocytes using the BD FACSLyric 10-color system: A multisite clinical evaluation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211207. [PMID: 30689658 PMCID: PMC6349332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical flow cytometry is a reliable methodology for whole blood cell phenotyping for different applications. The BD FACSLyric™ system comprises a flow cytometer available in different optical configurations, BD FACSuite™ Clinical software, and optional BD FACS™ Universal Loader. BD FACSuite Clinical software used with BD™ FC Beads and BD CS&T Beads enable universal setup for performance QC, instrument control, data acquisition/storage, online/offline data analysis, and instrument standardization. BD Biosciences sponsored the clinical evaluation of the BD FACSLyric 10-color configuration at seven clinical sites using delinked and de-identified blood specimens from HIV-infected and uninfected subjects to enumerate T-, B-, and NK-lymphocytes with the BD Multitest™ reagents (BD Multitest IMK kit and BD Multitest 6-color TBNK). Samples were analyzed on the BD FACSLyric system with BD FACSuite Clinical software, and on the BD FACSCanto™ II system with BD FACSCanto clinical software and BD FACS 7-Color Setup beads. For equivalency between methods, data (n = 362) were analyzed with Deming regression for absolute count and percentage of lymphocytes. Results gave R2 ≥0.98, with slope values ≥0.96, and slope ranges between 0.90–1.05. The percent (%) bias values were <10% for T- and NK cells and <15% for B- cells. The between-site (n = 4) total precision was tested for 5 days (2 runs/day), and gave %coefficient of variation below 10% for absolute cell counts. The stability claims were confirmed (n = 186) for the two BD Multitest reagents. The reference intervals were re-established in male and female adults (n = 134). The analysis by gender showed statistically significant differences for CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell counts and %CD4. In summary, the BD FACSLyric and the BD FACSCanto II systems generated comparable measurements of T-, B-, and NK-cells using BD Multitest assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Schmitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sarah Gibson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Judge
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Monika Aruda Indig
- Clinical Trial and Cellular Therapy Services, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Beverly Lu
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Alan M. Sanfilippo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Wendy Shallenberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sharon Graminske
- Clinical Trial and Cellular Therapy Services, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Rachel McLean
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rubal I. Hsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Kimberly Dean
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Maurice O’Gorman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun Z, Shi K, Yang S, Liu J, Zhou Q, Wang G, Song J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Yuan W. Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:147. [PMID: 30309355 PMCID: PMC6182840 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are widely present in various body fluids. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in exosomes, the biogenesis, release, and uptake of which may involve the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT complex) and relevant proteins. After release, exosomes are taken up by neighboring or distant cells, and the miRNAs contained within modulate such processes as interfering with tumor immunity and the microenvironment, possibly facilitating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, exosomal miRNAs have a significant function in regulating cancer progression. Here, we briefly review recent findings regarding tumor-derived exosomes, including RNA sorting and delivering mechanism. We then describe the intercommunication occurring between different cells via exosomal miRNAs in tumor microenvironmnt, with impacts on tumor proliferation, vascularization, metastasis and other biological characteristics. Finally, we highlight the potential role of these molecules as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis and tumor resistance to therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aberrant miRNAs Regulate the Biological Hallmarks of Glioblastoma. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:452-474. [PMID: 30182330 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GBM is the highest incidence in primary intracranial malignancy, and it remains poor prognosis even though the patient is gave standard treatment. Despite decades of intense research, the complex biology of GBM remains elusive. In view of eight hallmarks of cancer which were proposed in 2011, studies related to the eight biological capabilities in GBM have made great progress. From these studies, it can be inferred that miRs, as a mode of post-transcriptional regulation, are involved in regulating these malignant biological hallmarks of GBM. Herein, we discuss state-of-the-art research on how aberrant miRs modulate the eight hallmarks of GBM. The upregulation of 'oncomiRs' or the genetic loss of tumor suppressor miRs is associated with these eight biological capabilities acquired during GBM formation. Furthermore, we also discuss the applicable clinical potential of these research results. MiRs may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBM. Moreover, miRs are also therapeutic targets of GBM. These studies will develop and improve precision medicine for GBM in the future.
Collapse
|
29
|
The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:8197937. [PMID: 30046564 PMCID: PMC6038587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8197937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. Invariant NKT cells have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Animal models of SLE have shown abnormalities in iNKT cells numbers and function, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NKT cells and IgG levels has also been observed. The role of iNKT cells in autoimmune liver disease (AiLD) has not been extensively studied. This review discusses the current data with regard to iNKT cells function in AiLD, in addition to providing an overview of iNKT cells function in other autoimmune conditions and animal models. We also discuss data regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on iNKT cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target, given that deficiencies in vitamin D have been reported in various autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hosseini S, Shokri F, Pour SA, Khoshnoodi J, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Zarnani AH. Diminished Frequency of Menstrual and Peripheral Blood NKT-Like Cells in Patients With Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Infertile Women. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:97-108. [PMID: 29576002 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Systemic monitoring of immune system may not precisely outline the local immune status in the uterus. This survey is a continuation of our previous studies on potential usefulness of menstrual blood (MB) immunophenotyping as a tool for investigation of immunological disturbances in pregnancy-related disorders. Peripheral blood (PB) and MB from healthy fertile (n = 15), unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA; n = 15), and unexplained infertile women (n = 8) were collected simultaneously in the second day of their menstrual cycle and frequency of natural killer T (NKT)-like cell subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. Menstrual blood of all experimental groups contained higher percentage of TCRαβ+, CD45RO+, and CD16- NKT-like cells compared to corresponding PB. Frequency of MB NKT-like cells in unexplained infertile participants was lower than fertile and URSA groups. Compared to normal participants, patients with URSA had lower frequency of PB TCRαβ+ and higher CD16+, while in infertile woman frequencies of PB CD45RO+, CD45RO-, CD16-, IL17+, and MB CD45RO+ NKT-like cells were lower. Although, PB and MB seemingly have the same histological nature, our results showed that MB contained different composition of NKT-like subsets with different cytokine profiles and could be viewed as one potential biological sample for evaluation of patients with infertility and URSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hosseini
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Ansari Pour
- 2 Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Khoshnoodi
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- 3 Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,4 Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schönrich G, Raftery MJ. CD1-Restricted T Cells During Persistent Virus Infections: "Sympathy for the Devil". Front Immunol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29616036 PMCID: PMC5868415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the clinically most important viruses persist in the human host after acute infection. In this situation, the host immune system and the viral pathogen attempt to establish an equilibrium. At best, overt disease is avoided. This attempt may fail, however, resulting in eventual loss of viral control or inadequate immune regulation. Consequently, direct virus-induced tissue damage or immunopathology may occur. The cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are known to present hydrophobic, primarily lipid antigens. There is ample evidence that both CD1-dependent and CD1-independent mechanisms activate CD1-restricted T cells during persistent virus infections. Sophisticated viral mechanisms subvert these immune responses and help the pathogens to avoid clearance from the host organism. CD1-restricted T cells are not only crucial for the antiviral host defense but may also contribute to tissue damage. This review highlights the two edged role of CD1-restricted T cells in persistent virus infections and summarizes the viral immune evasion mechanisms that target these fascinating immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gherardin NA, Loh L, Admojo L, Davenport AJ, Richardson K, Rogers A, Darcy PK, Jenkins MR, Prince HM, Harrison SJ, Quach H, Fairlie DP, Kedzierska K, McCluskey J, Uldrich AP, Neeson PJ, Ritchie DS, Godfrey DI. Enumeration, functional responses and cytotoxic capacity of MAIT cells in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29515123 PMCID: PMC5841305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are T cells that recognise vitamin-B derivative Ag presented by the MHC-related-protein 1 (MR1) antigen-presenting molecule. While MAIT cells are highly abundant in humans, their role in tumour immunity remains unknown. Here we have analysed the frequency and function of MAIT cells in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We show that MAIT cell frequency in blood is reduced compared to healthy adult donors, but comparable to elderly healthy control donors. Furthermore, there was no evidence that MAIT cells accumulated at the disease site (bone marrow) of these patients. Newly diagnosed MM patient MAIT cells had reduced IFNγ production and CD27 expression, suggesting an exhausted phenotype, although IFNγ-producing capacity is restored in relapsed/refractory patient samples. Moreover, immunomodulatory drugs Lenalidomide and Pomalidomide, indirectly inhibited MAIT cell activation. We further show that cell lines can be pulsed with vitamin-B derivative Ags and that these can be presented via MR1 to MAIT cells in vitro, to induce cytotoxic activity comparable to that of natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, MAIT cells are reduced in MM patients, which may contribute to disease in these individuals, and moreover, MAIT cells may represent new immunotherapeutic targets for treatment of MM and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lorenztino Admojo
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander J Davenport
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Kelden Richardson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Rogers
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - H Miles Prince
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon J Harrison
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Hang Quach
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry & Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Groza D, Gehrig S, Kudela P, Holcmann M, Pirker C, Dinhof C, Schueffl HH, Sramko M, Hoebart J, Alioglu F, Grusch M, Ogris M, Lubitz W, Keppler BK, Pashkunova-Martic I, Kowol CR, Sibilia M, Berger W, Heffeter P. Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant to oxaliplatin chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomatosis. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1424676. [PMID: 29721389 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1424676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. At late stage of the disease CRC often shows (multiple) metastatic lesions in the peritoneal cavity which cannot be efficiently targeted by systemic chemotherapy. This is one major factor contributing to poor prognosis. Oxaliplatin is one of the most commonly used systemic treatment options for advanced CRC. However, drug resistance - often due to insufficient drug delivery - is still hampering successful treatment. The anticancer activity of oxaliplatin includes besides DNA damage also a strong immunogenic component. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bacterial ghosts (BGs) as adjuvant immunostimulant on oxaliplatin efficacy. BGs are empty envelopes of gram-negative bacteria with a distinct immune-stimulatory potential. Indeed, we were able to show that the combination of BGs with oxaliplatin treatment had strong synergistic anticancer activity against the CT26 allograft, resulting in prolonged survival and even a complete remission in this murine model of CRC carcinomatosis. This synergistic effect was based on an enhanced induction of immunogenic cell death and activation of an efficient T-cell response leading to long-term anti-tumor memory effects. Taken together, co-application of BGs strengthens the immunogenic component of the oxaliplatin anticancer response and thus represents a promising natural immune-adjuvant to chemotherapy in advanced CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Groza
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Gehrig
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Dinhof
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma H Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Hoebart
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatih Alioglu
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics ( MMCT), Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Pashkunova-Martic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu H, Lai YS, Li Y, Blum R, Kaufman D. Concise Review: Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Produce Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Stem Cells 2018; 36:134-145. [PMID: 29235195 PMCID: PMC5914526 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a promising resource to produce immune cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy to better treat and potentially cure otherwise lethal cancers. Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells can now be routinely produced from human PSCs. These PSC-derived lymphocytes have phenotype and function similar to primary lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. PSC-derived T and NK cells have advantages compared with primary immune cells, as they can be precisely engineered to introduce improved anti-tumor activity and produced in essentially unlimited numbers. Stem Cells 2018;36:134-145.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yi-Shin Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dan Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Teyton L. New Directions for Natural Killer T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1480. [PMID: 29209309 PMCID: PMC5701619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells have been placed at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity by a long series of experiments that convincingly showed that beyond cytokine secretion and NK cell recruitment, NKT cells were coordinating dendritic cell and B cell maturation through direct membrane contacts and initiate productive responses. As such, NKT cells are the cellular adjuvant of many immune reactions and have functions that go much beyond what their name encapsulates. In addition, the initial discovery of the ligands of NKT cells is deeply linked to cancer biology and therapy. However, for a host of reasons, animal models in which agonists of NKT cells were used did not translate well to human cancers. A systematic reassessment of NKT cells role in tumorigenesis, especially spontaneous one, is now accessible using single cell analysis technologies both in mouse and man, and should be taken advantage of. Similarly, the migration, localization, phenotype of NKT cells following induced expansion after injection of an agonist can be examined at the single cell level. This technological revolution will help evaluate where and how NKT cells can be used in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cui K, Yan G, Zheng X, Bai L, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z. Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Activity by Regulatory NKT10 Cells Aggravates Alcoholic Hepatosteatosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1414. [PMID: 29163491 PMCID: PMC5670109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others have found that the functions of hepatic natural killer (NK) cells are inhibited but invariant NKT (iNKT) cells become activated after alcohol drinking, leaving a possibility that there exists interplay between NK cells and iNKT cells during alcoholic liver disease. Here, in a chronic plus single-binge ethanol consumption mouse model, we observed that NK cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) protected against ethanol-induced liver steatosis, as both wild-type (WT) mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 antibody and IFN-γ-deficient GKO mice developed more severe alcoholic fatty livers. As expected, IFN-γ could directly downregulate lipogenesis in primary hepatocytes in vitro. On the contrary, iNKT cell-deficient Jα18-/- or interleukin-10 (IL-10)-/- mice showed fewer alcoholic steatosis, along with the recovered number and IFN-γ release of hepatic NK cells, and exogenous IL-10 injection was sufficient to compensate for iNKT cell deficiency. Furthermore, NK cell depletion in Jα18-/- or IL-10-/- mice caused more severe hepatosteatosis, implying NK cells are the direct effector cells to inhibit liver steatosis. Importantly, adoptive transfer of iNKT cells purified from normal but not IL-10-/- mice resulted in suppression of the number and functions of NK cells and aggravated alcoholic liver injury in Jα18-/- mice, indicating that IL-10-producing iNKT (NKT10) cells are the regulators on NK cells. Conclusion: Ethanol exposure-triggered NKT10 cells antagonize the protective roles of NK cells in alcoholic hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kele Cui
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoxiu Yan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Bai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease and Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liew PX, Lee WY, Kubes P. iNKT Cells Orchestrate a Switch from Inflammation to Resolution of Sterile Liver Injury. Immunity 2017; 47:752-765.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
Gelfand EW, Joetham A, Wang M, Takeda K, Schedel M. Spectrum of T-lymphocyte activities regulating allergic lung inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 278:63-86. [PMID: 28658551 PMCID: PMC5501488 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of asthma, optimization of symptom control remains an unmet need in many patients. These patients, labeled severe asthma, are responsible for a substantial fraction of the disease burden. In these patients, research is needed to define the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to disease which in large part are refractory to corticosteroid treatment. The causes of steroid-resistant asthma are multifactorial and result from complex interactions of genetics, environmental factors, and innate and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity, addressed here, integrates the activities of distinct T-cell subsets and by definition is dynamic and responsive to an ever-changing environment and the influences of epigenetic modifications. These T-cell subsets exhibit different susceptibilities to the actions of corticosteroids and, in some, corticosteroids enhance their functional activation. Moreover, these subsets are not fixed in lineage differentiation but can undergo transcriptional reprogramming in a bidirectional manner between protective and pathogenic effector states. Together, these factors contribute to asthma heterogeneity between patients but also in the same patient at different stages of their disease. Only by carefully defining mechanistic pathways, delineating their sensitivity to corticosteroids, and determining the balance between regulatory and effector pathways will precision medicine become a reality with selective and effective application of targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abos Gracia B, López Relaño J, Revilla A, Castro L, Villalba M, Martín Adrados B, Regueiro JR, Fernández-Malavé E, Martínez Naves E, Gómez Del Moral M. Human Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Respond to Antigen-Presenting Cells Exposed to Lipids from Olea europaea Pollen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:12-22. [PMID: 28486236 DOI: 10.1159/000467394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization might be influenced by the lipids present in allergens, which can be recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of olive pollen lipids in human APCs, including monocytes as well as monocyte-derived macrophages (Mϕ) and dendritic cells (DCs). METHODS Lipids were extracted from olive (Olea europaea) pollen grains. Invariant (i)NKT cells, monocytes, Mϕ, and DCs were obtained from buffy coats of healthy blood donors, and their cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. iNKT cytotoxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gene expression of CD1A and CD1D was performed by RT-PCR, and the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α cytokines by monocytes, Mϕ, and DCs was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that monocytes and monocyte-derived Mϕ treated with olive pollen lipids strongly activate iNKT cells. We observed several phenotypic modifications in the APCs upon exposure to pollen-derived lipids. Both Mϕ and monocytes treated with olive pollen lipids showed an increase in CD1D gene expression, whereas upregulation of cell surface CD1d protein occurred only in Mϕ. Furthermore, DCs differentiated in the presence of human serum enhance their surface CD1d expression when exposed to olive pollen lipids. Finally, olive pollen lipids were able to stimulate the production of IL-6 but downregulated the production of lipopolysaccharide- induced IL-10 by Mϕ. CONCLUSIONS Olive pollen lipids alter the phenotype of monocytes, Mϕ, and DCs, resulting in the activation of NKT cells, which have the potential to influence allergic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abos Gracia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Baglaenko Y, Cruz Tleugabulova M, Gracey E, Talaei N, Manion KP, Chang NH, Ferri DM, Mallevaey T, Wither JE. Invariant NKT Cell Activation Is Potentiated by Homotypic trans-Ly108 Interactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3949-3962. [PMID: 28373584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes that respond to glycolipids presented by the MHC class Ib molecule CD1d and are rapidly activated to produce large quantities of cytokines and chemokines. iNKT cell development uniquely depends on interactions between double-positive thymocytes that provide key homotypic interactions between signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family members. However, the role of SLAM receptors in the differentiation of iNKT cell effector subsets and activation has not been explored. In this article, we show that C57BL/6 mice containing the New Zealand Black Slam locus have profound alterations in Ly108, CD150, and Ly9 expression that is associated with iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness. This loss of function was only apparent when dendritic cells and iNKT cells had a loss of SLAM receptor expression. Using small interfering RNA knockdowns and peptide-blocking strategies, we demonstrated that trans-Ly108 interactions between dendritic cells and iNKT cells are critical for robust activation. LY108 costimulation similarly increased human iNKT cell activation. Thus, in addition to its established role in iNKT cell ontogeny, Ly108 regulates iNKT cell function in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Baglaenko
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | | | - Eric Gracey
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Nafiseh Talaei
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Kieran Patricia Manion
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Nan-Hua Chang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Dario Michael Ferri
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Joan E Wither
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fanini F, Fabbri M. Cancer-derived exosomic microRNAs shape the immune system within the tumor microenvironment: State of the art. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:23-28. [PMID: 27956165 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been an increasing interest of the scientific community on exosome research, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which tumor-derived exosomes can promote tumor growth. Particularly, exosome-mediated immune-escape is under deep investigation and still represents a quite controversial issue. Tumor-derived exosomes are carriers of information able to reprogram functions of immune target cells, influencing their development, maturation, and antitumor activities. They deliver proteins similar to those of the parent cancer cells, but also genetic messages like genomic DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs (miRNAs) that ultimately share the so called "tumor microenvironment" in a pro-tumoral fashion. The content of tumor-derived exosomes could be implicated in several signaling pathways operating in the tumor microenvironment, providing a further modality of dys-regulation of antitumor immunity. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art highlight of to the most recent discoveries in the field of interaction between tumor-derived exosomic miRNAs and the cells of immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) S.r.l. IRCCS, Unit of Gene Therapy, Meldola, FC 47014, Italy
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang XL, Chang XY, Tang XX, Chen ZG, Zhou T, Sun K. Peripheral invariant natural killer T cell deficiency in metabolically unhealthy but normal weight versus metabolically healthy but obese individuals. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1272-1282. [PMID: 28322093 PMCID: PMC5536764 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516663778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the proportion of circulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in four body health types. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants were classified into four body health types according to the body mass index and metabolic status: metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy but normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy but obese (MHO), or metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO). Demographic and clinical characteristics were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were calculated. The proportion of circulating iNKT cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The study enrolled 41 MHNW, 37 MUNW, 30 MHO, and 43 MUO participants. Compared with the MHNW group, the MUNW, MHO, and MUO groups had significantly lower iNKT cell proportions. The iNKT cell proportion was significantly higher in the MHO group than the MUNW and MUO groups. The iNKT cell proportion was inversely correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR, and VAI values. Conclusion The proportion of iNKT cells was lower in people (lean or obese) with excessive visceral fat accumulation, suggesting that iNKT cell deficiency may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Chang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Tang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kan Sun
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen SS, Hu Z, Zhong XP. Diacylglycerol Kinases in T Cell Tolerance and Effector Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:130. [PMID: 27891502 PMCID: PMC5103287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that regulate the relative levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in cells by phosphorylating DAG to produce PA. Both DAG and PA are important second messengers cascading T cell receptor (TCR) signal by recruiting multiple effector molecules, such as RasGRP1, PKCθ, and mTOR. Studies have revealed important physiological functions of DGKs in the regulation of receptor signaling and the development and activation of immune cells. In this review, we will focus on recent progresses in our understanding of two DGK isoforms, α and ζ, in CD8 T effector and memory cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, and invariant NKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
CD1- and MHC-related molecule-1 (MR1)-restricted T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens, such as lipids and small metabolites, and account for a major fraction of circulating and tissue-resident T cells. They represent a readily activated, long-lasting population of effector cells and contribute to the early phases of immune response, orchestrating the function of other cells. This review addresses the main aspects of their immunological functions, including antigen and T cell receptor repertoires, mechanisms of nonpeptidic antigen presentation, and the current evidence for their participation in human and experimental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mori
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
| | - Marco Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Linking CD11b (+) Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer T Cells to Plaque Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6467375. [PMID: 27051078 PMCID: PMC4804096 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6467375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death and disability in our Western society. To investigate whether the dynamics of leukocyte (sub)populations could be predictive for plaque inflammation during atherosclerosis, we analyzed innate and adaptive immune cell distributions in blood, plaques, and lymphoid tissue reservoirs in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and in blood and plaques from patients undergoing endarterectomy. Firstly, there was predominance of the CD11b+ conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subset in the plaque. Secondly, a strong inverse correlation was observed between CD11b+ cDC or natural killer T (NKT) cells in blood and markers of inflammation in the plaque (including CD3, T-bet, CCR5, and CCR7). This indicates that circulating CD11b+ cDC and NKT cells show great potential to reflect the inflammatory status in the atherosclerotic plaque. Our results suggest that distinct changes in inflammatory cell dynamics may carry biomarker potential reflecting atherosclerotic lesion progression. This not only is crucial for a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis but also bares therapeutic potential, since immune cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising novel strategy in the battle against atherosclerosis and its associated comorbidities. The cDC-NKT cell interaction in atherosclerosis serves as a good candidate for future investigations.
Collapse
|
46
|
Larger number of invariant natural killer T cells in PBSC allografts correlates with improved GVHD-free and progression-free survival. Blood 2016; 127:1828-35. [PMID: 26903546 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-688739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the impact of a set of immune cells contained within granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts (naïve and memory T-cell subsets, B cells, regulatory T cells, invariant natural killer T cells [iNKTs], NK cells, and dendritic cell subsets) in patients (n = 80) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), using the composite end point of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free and progression-free survival (GPFS) as the primary end point. We observed that GPFS incidences in patients receiving iNKT doses above and below the median were 49% vs 22%, respectively (P= .007). In multivariate analysis, the iNKT dose was the only parameter with a significant impact on GPFS (hazard ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.85;P= .01). The incidences of severe grade III to IV acute GVHD and National Institutes of Health grade 2 to 3 chronic GVHD (12% and 16%, respectively) were low and associated with the use of antithymocyte globulin in 91% of patients. No difference in GVHD incidence was reported according to the iNKT dose. In conclusion, a higher dose of iNKTs within the graft is associated with an improved GPFS. These data may pave the way for prospective and active interventions aiming to manipulate the graft content to improve allo-SCT outcome.
Collapse
|
47
|
Gourdy P, Bourgeois EA, Levescot A, Pham L, Riant E, Ahui ML, Damotte D, Gombert JM, Bayard F, Ohlsson C, Arnal JF, Herbelin A. Estrogen Therapy Delays Autoimmune Diabetes and Promotes the Protective Efficiency of Natural Killer T-Cell Activation in Female Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:258-67. [PMID: 26485613 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies focused on restoring immune tolerance remain the main avenue to prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D). Because estrogens potentiate FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, two regulatory lymphocyte populations that are functionally deficient in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, we investigated whether estradiol (E2) therapy influences the course of T1D in this model. To this end, female NOD mice were sc implanted with E2- or placebo-delivering pellets to explore the course of spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes. Treg-depleted and iNKT-cell-deficient (Jα18(-/-)) NOD mice were used to assess the respective involvement of these lymphocyte populations in E2 effects. Early E2 administration (from 4 wk of age) was found to preserve NOD mice from both spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes, and a complete protection was also observed throughout treatment when E2 treatment was initiated after the onset of insulitis (from 12 wk of age). This delayed E2 treatment remained fully effective in Treg-depleted mice but failed to entirely protect Jα18(-/-) mice. Accordingly, E2 administration was shown to restore the cytokine production of iNKT cells in response to in vivo challenge with the cognate ligand α-galactosylceramide. Finally, transient E2 administration potentiated the previously described protective action of α-galactosylceramide treatment in NOD females. This study provides original evidence that E2 therapy strongly protects NOD mice from T1D and reveals the estrogen/iNKT cell axis as a new effective target to counteract diabetes onset at the stage of insulitis. Estrogen-based therapy should thus be considered for T1D prevention.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/prevention & control
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Drug Implants
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/therapeutic use
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Estrogens/administration & dosage
- Estrogens/therapeutic use
- Female
- Galactosylceramides/agonists
- Galactosylceramides/pharmacology
- Galactosylceramides/therapeutic use
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Depletion/adverse effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Ovariectomy/adverse effects
- Prediabetic State/drug therapy
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/metabolism
- Prediabetic State/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gourdy
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elvire A Bourgeois
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linh Pham
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elodie Riant
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Ahui
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diane Damotte
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francis Bayard
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Herbelin
- INSERM Unité 1048 (P.G., E.R., F.B., J.-F.A.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; Toulouse University (P.G., J.-F.A.), 31059 Toulouse, France; Department of Diabetology (P.G.), Toulouse University Hospital, 31403 Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147 (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A.), Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Necker Hospital (E.A.B., L.P., M.-L.A., A.H.), 75014 Paris, France; INSERM Unité 1082 (A.L., A.H.), 86022 Poitiers, France; Paris-Sud-11 University (A.L.), 91405 Orsay, France; Department of Anatomy and Cytology (A.L., D.D.), Hôtel Dieu, 49033 Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunology (J.-M.G.), Poitiers, and Poitiers University (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86000 Poitiers, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers (J.-M.G., A.H.), 86021 Poitiers, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
From the Deep Sea to Everywhere: Environmental Antigens for iNKT Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:291-8. [PMID: 26703211 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of innate T cells that share features with innate NK cells and adaptive memory T cells. The first iNKT cell antigen described was found 1993 in a marine sponge and it took over 10 years for other, bacterial antigens to be described. Given the paucity of known bacterial iNKT cell antigens, it appeared as if iNKT cells play a very specialist role in the protection against few, rare and unusual pathogenic bacteria. However, in the last few years several publications painted a very different picture, suggesting that antigens for iNKT cells are found almost ubiquitous in the environment. These environmental iNKT cell antigens can shape the distribution, phenotype and function of iNKT cells. Here, these recent findings will be reviewed and their implications for the field will be outlined.
Collapse
|
49
|
Iyer AK, Liu J, Gallo RM, Kaplan MH, Brutkiewicz RR. STAT3 promotes CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation by regulating a critical gene in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Immunology 2015; 146:444-55. [PMID: 26260288 PMCID: PMC4610633 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines that regulate the immune response signal through the Janus kinase / signal transducer and activation of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, but whether this pathway can regulate CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation to natural killer T (NKT) cells is unknown. Here, we found that STAT3 promotes antigen presentation by CD1d. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in which STAT3 expression was inhibited exhibited markedly reduced endogenous lipid antigen presentation to NKT cells without an impact on exogenous lipid antigen presentation by CD1d. Consistent with this observation, in APCs where STAT3 was knocked down, dramatically decreased levels of UDP glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG), an enzyme involved in the first step of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, were observed. Impaired lipid antigen presentation was reversed by ectopic expression of UGCG in STAT3-silenced CD1d(+) APCs. Hence, by controlling a fundamental step in CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation, STAT3 signalling promotes innate immune responses driven by CD1d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami K Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard M Gallo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen when presented in the context of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. This MHC molecule can be one of many that exist in vertebrates, presenting small peptide fragments, lipid molecules, or small molecule metabolites. Here we review the pattern of TCR recognition of MHC molecules throughout a broad sampling of species and T-cell lineages and also touch upon T cells that do not appear to require MHC presentation for their surveillance function. We review the diversity of MHC molecules and information on the corresponding T-cell lineages identified in divergent species. We also discuss TCRs with structural domains unlike that of conventional TCRs of mouse and human. By presenting this broad view of TCR sequence, structure, domain organization, and function, we seek to explore how this receptor has evolved across time and been selected for alternative antigen-recognition capabilities in divergent lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C. Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adrienne M. Luoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin J. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|