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Li Y, Li H, Peng C, Meng G, Lu Y, Liu H, Cui L, Zhou H, Xu Z, Sun L, Liu L, Xiong Q, Sun B, Jiao S. Unraveling the spatial organization and development of human thymocytes through integration of spatial transcriptomics and single-cell multi-omics profiling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7784. [PMID: 39237503 PMCID: PMC11377774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural components of the thymus are essential for guiding T cell development, but a thorough spatial view is still absent. Here we develop the TSO-his tool, designed to integrate multimodal data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the intricate structure of human thymus. Specifically, we characterize dynamic changes in cell types and critical markers, identifying ELOVL4 as a mediator of CD4+ T cell positive selection in the cortex. Utilizing the mapping function of TSO-his, we reconstruct thymic spatial architecture at single-cell resolution and recapitulates classical cell types and their essential co-localization for T cell development; additionally, previously unknown co-localization relationships such as that of CD8αα with memory B cells and monocytes are identified. Incorporating VDJ sequencing data, we also delineate distinct intermediate thymocyte states during αβ T cell development. Overall, these insights enhance our understanding of thymic biology and may inform therapeutic interventions targeting T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huamei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TCRX (KeShiHua) Therapeutics Co, Ltd. Beijing & Yunnan Pilot Free Trade Zone (Dehong Area), Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruili JingCheng Hospital, Ruili, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Organoid and Regenerative Medicine Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- National Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Organoid and Regenerative Medicine Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shiping Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- TCRX (KeShiHua) Therapeutics Co, Ltd. Beijing & Yunnan Pilot Free Trade Zone (Dehong Area), Beijing, China.
- Department of Oncology, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruili JingCheng Hospital, Ruili, China.
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Lang HP, Osum KC, Friedenberg SG. A review of CD4 + T cell differentiation and diversity in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 275:110816. [PMID: 39173398 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are an integral component of the adaptive immune response, carrying out many functions to combat a diverse range of pathogenic challenges. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, differentiating into specialized subsets such as T helper type 1 (TH1), TH2, TH9, TH17, TH22, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and follicular T helper (TFH) cells. Each subset is capable of addressing a distinct immunological need ranging from pathogen eradication to regulation of immune homeostasis. As the immune response subsides, CD4+ T cells rest down into long-lived memory phenotypes-including central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), resident memory (TRM), and terminally differentiated effector memory cells (TEMRA) that are localized to facilitate a swift and potent response upon antigen re-encounter. This capacity for long-term immunological memory and rapid reactivation upon secondary exposure highlights the role CD4+ T cells play in sustaining both adaptive defense mechanisms and maintenance. Decades of mouse, human, and to a lesser extent, pig T cell research has provided the framework for understanding the role of CD4+ T cells in immune responses, but these model systems do not always mimic each other. Although our understanding of pig immunology is not as extensive as mouse or human research, we have gained valuable insight by studying this model. More akin to pigs, our understanding of CD4+ T cells in dogs is much less complete. This disparity exists in part because canine immunologists depend on paradigms from mouse and human studies to characterize CD4+ T cells in dogs, with a fraction of available lineage-defining antibody markers. Despite this, every major CD4+ T cell subset has been described to some extent in dogs. These subsets have been studied in various contexts, including in vitro stimulation, homeostatic conditions, and across a range of disease states. Canine CD4+ T cells have been categorized according to lineage-defining characteristics, trafficking patterns, and what cytokines they produce upon stimulation. This review addresses our current understanding of canine CD4+ T cells from a comparative perspective by highlighting both the similarities and differences from mouse, human, and pig CD4+ T cell biology. We also discuss knowledge gaps in our current understanding of CD4+ T cells in dogs that could provide direction for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeree P Lang
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Kevin C Osum
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Mi B, Xiong Y, Knoedler S, Alfertshofer M, Panayi AC, Wang H, Lin S, Li G, Liu G. Ageing-related bone and immunity changes: insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system. Bone Res 2024; 12:42. [PMID: 39103328 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing as a natural irreversible process inherently results in the functional deterioration of numerous organ systems and tissues, including the skeletal and immune systems. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate bidirectional interactions between these two systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of molecular mechanisms of cell ageing. We further discuss how age-related skeletal changes influence the immune system and the consequent impact of immune system alterations on the skeletal system. Finally, we highlight the clinical implications of these findings and propose potential strategies to promote healthy ageing and reduce pathologic deterioration of both the skeletal and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Alfertshofer
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Tong YX, Zhu SY, Wang ZY, Zhao YX, Saleem MAU, Malh KK, Li XN, Li JL. Sulforaphane Ameliorate Cadmium-Induced Blood-Thymus Barrier Disruption by Targeting the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13382-13392. [PMID: 38814005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition metal ion that is extremely harmful to human and animal biological systems. Cd is a toxic substance that can accumulate in the food chain and cause various health issues. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural bioactive compound with potent antioxidant properties. In our study, 80 1 day-old chicks were fed with Cd (140 mg/kg BW/day) and/or SFN (50 mg/kg BW/day) for 90 days. The blood-thymus barrier (BTB) is a selective barrier separating T-lymphocytes from blood and cortical capillaries in the thymus cortex. Our research revealed that Cd could destroy the BTB by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induce immunodeficiency, leading to irreversible injury to the immune system. The study emphasizes the health benefits of SFN in the thymus. SFN could ameliorate Cd-triggered BTB dysfunction and pyroptosis in the thymus tissues. SFN modulated the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 axis, improving the level of claudin-5 (CLDN5) in the thymus to alleviate BTB breakdown. Our findings indicated the toxic impact of Cd on thymus, and BTB could be the specific target of Cd toxicity. The finding also provides evidence for the role of SFN in maintaining thymic homeostasis for Cd-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | | | - Kanwar Kumar Malh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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Tong Q, Yao L, Su M, Yang YG, Sun L. Thymocyte migration and emigration. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106861. [PMID: 38697225 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic precursors (HPCs) entering into the thymus undergo a sequential process leading to the generation of a variety of T cell subsets. This developmental odyssey unfolds in distinct stages within the thymic cortex and medulla, shaping the landscape of T cell receptor (TCR) expression and guiding thymocytes through positive and negative selection. Initially, early thymic progenitors (ETPs) take residence in the thymic cortex, where thymocytes begin to express their TCR and undergo positive selection. Subsequently, thymocytes transition to the thymic medulla, where they undergo negative selection. Both murine and human thymocyte development can be broadly classified into distinct stages based on the expression of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, resulting in categorizations as double negative (DN), double positive (DP) or single positive (SP) cells. Thymocyte migration to the appropriate thymic microenvironment at the right differentiation stage is pivotal for the development and the proper functioning of T cells, which is critical for adaptive immune responses. The journey of lymphoid progenitor cells into the T cell developmental pathway hinges on an ongoing dialogue between the differentiating cell and the signals emanating from the thymus niche. Herein, we review the contribution of the key factors mentioned above for the localization, migration and emigration of thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Liyu Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengting Su
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
| | - Liguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
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Zhang D, Alip M, Chen H, Wu D, Zhu H, Han Y, Yuan X, Feng X, Sun L, Wang D. Immune profiling analysis of double-negative T cells in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1623-1634. [PMID: 38436769 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a molecular immune map of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) by mass flow cytometry, and compare the number and molecular expression of double-negative T (DNT) cell subsets between patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from the peripheral blood of 17 SSc patients and 9 HC. A 42-channel panel was set up to perform mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) analysis for DNT subgroups. Flow cytometry was used to validate subpopulation functions. The clinical data of patients were collected for correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with HC, the number of total DNT cells decreased in SSc patients. Six DNT subsets were obtained from CyTOF analysis, in which the proportion of cluster1 increased, while the proportion of cluster3 decreased. Further analysis revealed that cluster1 was characterized by high expression of CD28 and CCR7, and cluster3 was characterized by high expression of CD28 and CCR5. After in vitro stimulation, cluster1 secreted more IL-4 and cluster3 secreted more IL-10 in SSc patients compared to HC. Clinical correlation analysis suggested that cluster1 may play a pathogenic role while cluster3 may play a protective role in SSc. ROC curve analysis further revealed that cluster3 may be a potential indicator for determining disease activity in SSc patients. CONCLUSION We found a new CCR5+CD28+ DNT cell subset, which played a protective role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Key Points • The number of DNT cells decreased in SSc patients' peripheral blood. • DNT cells do not infiltrate in the skin but secrete cytokines to participate in the pathogenesis of SSc. • A CCR5+CD28+ DNT cell population may play a protective role in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Mihribangvl Alip
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Yichen Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xinran Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
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Wang T, Wang B, Fan X, Cai Y, Li L, Fu S. Type B thymomas in patients with myasthenia gravis display a distinctive pattern of αβ TCR and IL-7 receptor α expression on CD4 +CD8 + thymocytes. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2347379. [PMID: 38723105 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2347379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Thymoma is closely associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, due to the heterogeneity of thymoma and the intricate pathogenesis of MG, it remains unclear why some patients with thymoma develop MG and others do not. In this study, we conducted a comparative phenotype analysis of thymocytes in type B thymomas in patients with MG (MG (+) thymomas) and without MG (MG (-) thymomas) via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Our results show that the developmental stages defined by the expression of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were largely maintained in both MG (+) and MG (-) thymomas, with CD4+CD8+ cells constituting the majority of thymocytes in type B thymoma, and no significant difference between this cell population was observed in MG (+) and MG (-) thymomas.We discovered that CD4+CD8+ thymocytes in MG (+) thymomas expressed low levels of αβ TCR and high levels of IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα), whereas in MG (-) thymomas, CD4+CD8+ thymocytes exhibited the opposite pattern of αβ TCR and IL-7Rα expression. These results suggest that the positive and negative selection processes of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes might differ between MG (+) thymomas and MG (-) thymomas. The expression of the Helios transcription factor is induced during negative selection and marks a group of T cells that have undergone negative selection and are likely to be deleted due to strong TCR binding with self-peptides/MHC ligands. We observed that the percentage of Helios-positive CD4SP T cells was greater in MG (-) than in MG (+) thymomas. Thus, the differentially regulated selection process of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, which involves TCR and IL-7/IL-7Rα signaling, is associated with the presence of MG in type B thymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlai Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowu Fan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengling Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Guglielmi V, Cheli M, Tonin P, Vattemi G. Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis at the Crossroads between Muscle Degeneration, Inflammation, and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2742. [PMID: 38473988 PMCID: PMC10932328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common muscle disease of older people and is clinically characterized by slowly progressive asymmetrical muscle weakness, predominantly affecting the quadriceps, deep finger flexors, and foot extensors. At present, there are no enduring treatments for this relentless disease that eventually leads to severe disability and wheelchair dependency. Although sIBM is considered a rare muscle disorder, its prevalence is certainly higher as the disease is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The histopathological phenotype of sIBM muscle biopsy includes muscle fiber degeneration and endomysial lymphocytic infiltrates that mainly consist of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells surrounding nonnecrotic muscle fibers expressing MHCI. Muscle fiber degeneration is characterized by vacuolization and the accumulation of congophilic misfolded multi-protein aggregates, mainly in their non-vacuolated cytoplasm. Many players have been identified in sIBM pathogenesis, including environmental factors, autoimmunity, abnormalities of protein transcription and processing, the accumulation of several toxic proteins, the impairment of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, oxidative and nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, myonuclear degeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging has also been proposed as a contributor to the disease. However, the interplay between these processes and the primary event that leads to the coexistence of autoimmune and degenerative changes is still under debate. Here, we outline our current understanding of disease pathogenesis, focusing on degenerative mechanisms, and discuss the possible involvement of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marta Cheli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Paola Tonin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Gaetano Vattemi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
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Freen-van Heeren JJ. Posttranscriptional Events Orchestrate Immune Homeostasis of CD8 + T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:65-80. [PMID: 38622392 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining immune homeostasis is instrumental for host health. Immune cells, such as T cells, are instrumental for the eradication of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Furthermore, T cells also play a major role in the fight against cancer. Through the formation of immunological memory, a pool of antigen-experienced T cells remains in the body to rapidly protect the host upon reinfection or retransformation. In order to perform their protective function, T cells produce cytolytic molecules, such as granzymes and perforin, and cytokines such as interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α. Recently, it has become evident that posttranscriptional regulatory events dictate the kinetics and magnitude of cytokine production by murine and human CD8+ T cells. Here, the recent literature regarding the role posttranscriptional regulation plays in maintaining immune homeostasis of antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells is reviewed.
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Garg TK, Garg S, Miousse IR, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, van Rhee F, Singh VK, Hauer-Jensen M. Modulation of Hematopoietic Injury by a Promising Radioprotector, Gamma-Tocotrienol, in Rhesus Macaques Exposed to Partial-Body Radiation. Radiat Res 2024; 201:55-70. [PMID: 38059553 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00075.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no radioprotectors have been approved to mitigate hematopoietic injury after exposure to ionizing radiation. Acute ionizing radiation results in damage to both hematopoietic and immune system cells. Pre-exposure prophylactic agents are needed for first responders and military personnel. In this study, the ability of gamma-tocotrienol (GT3), a promising radioprotector and antioxidant, to ameliorate partial-body radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic compartment was evaluated in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. A total of 15 rhesus NHPs were divided into two groups, and were administered either GT3 or vehicle 24 h prior to 4 or 5.8 Gy partial-body irradiation (PBI), with 5% bone marrow (BM) sparing. Each group consisted of four NHPs, apart from the vehicle-treated group exposed to 5.8 Gy, which had only three NHPs. BM samples were collected 8 days prior to irradiation in addition to 2, 7, 14, and 30 days postirradiation. To assess the clonogenic ability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), colony forming unit (CFU) assays were performed, and lymphoid cells were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry. As a result of GT3 treatment, an increase in HSPC function was evident by an increased recovery of CFU-granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM). Additionally, GT3 treatment was shown to increase the percentage of CD34+ cells, including T and NK-cell subsets. Our data further affirm GT3's role in hematopoietic recovery and suggest the need for its further development as a prophylactic radiation medical countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K Garg
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Sarita Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Frits van Rhee
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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12
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Ishiguro Y, Iriguchi S, Asano S, Shinohara T, Shiina S, Arima S, Kassai Y, Sakai Y, Obama K, Kaneko S. Lineage tracing of T cell differentiation from T-iPSC by 2D feeder-free culture and 3D organoid culture. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303713. [PMID: 38162650 PMCID: PMC10757342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T cells induced from induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) derived from antigen-specific T cells (T-iPS-T cells) are an attractive tool for T cell immunotherapy. The induction of cytotoxic T-iPS-T cells is well established in feeder-free condition for the aim of off-the-shelf production, however, the induction of helper T-iPS-T cells remains challenging. Methods We analyzed T-iPS-T cells matured in 3D organoid culture at different steps in the culture process at the single-cell level. T-iPS-T cell datasets were merged with an available human thymocyte dataset based in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Particularly, we searched for genes crucial for generation CD4+ T-iPS-T cells by comparing T-iPS-T cells established in 2D feeder-free or 3D organoid culture. Results The scRNA-seq data indicated that T-iPS-T cells are similar to T cells transitioning to human thymocytes, with SELENOW, GIMAP4, 7, SATB1, SALMF1, IL7R, SYTL2, S100A11, STAT1, IFITM1, LZTFL1 and SOX4 identified as candidate genes for the 2D feeder-free induction of CD4+ T-iPS-T cells. Discussion This study provides single cell transcriptome datasets of iPS-T cells and leads to further analysis for CD4+ T cell generation from T-iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ishiguro
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iriguchi
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Asano
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Shinohara
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
- T-CiRA Discovery and Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sara Shiina
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Arima
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
- T-CiRA Discovery and Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kassai
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
- T-CiRA Discovery and Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Fudegasaki-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
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13
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Wang H, Huang Y, Xu C. Charging CAR by electrostatic power. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:138-146. [PMID: 37366589 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. CAR is a synthetic immune receptor that recognizes tumor antigen and activates T cells through multiple signaling pathways. However, the current CAR design is not as robust as T cell receptor (TCR), a natural antigen receptor with high sensitivity and efficiency. TCR signaling relies on specific molecular interactions, and thus electrostatic force, the major force of molecular interactions, play critical roles. Understanding how electrostatic charge regulates TCR/CAR signaling events will facilitate the development of next-generation T cell therapies. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of electrostatic interactions in both natural and synthetic immune receptor signaling, specifically that in CAR clustering and effector molecule recruitments, and highlights potential strategies for engineering CAR-T cell therapy by leveraging charge-based interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Yayon N, Kedlian VR, Boehme L, Suo C, Wachter B, Beuschel RT, Amsalem O, Polanski K, Koplev S, Tuck E, Dann E, Van Hulle J, Perera S, Putteman T, Predeus AV, Dabrowska M, Richardson L, Tudor C, Kreins AY, Engelbert J, Stephenson E, Kleshchevnikov V, De Rita F, Crossland D, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Prigmore E, Chipampe NJ, Prete M, Fei L, To K, Barker RA, He X, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Bayraktar O, Patel M, Davies GE, Haniffa MA, Uhlmann V, Notarangelo LD, Germain RN, Radtke AJ, Marioni JC, Taghon T, Teichmann SA. A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.562925. [PMID: 37986877 PMCID: PMC10659407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.562925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
T cells develop from circulating precursors, which enter the thymus and migrate throughout specialised sub-compartments to support maturation and selection. This process starts already in early fetal development and is highly active until the involution of the thymus in adolescence. To map the micro-anatomical underpinnings of this process in pre- vs. post-natal states, we undertook a spatially resolved analysis and established a new quantitative morphological framework for the thymus, the Cortico-Medullary Axis. Using this axis in conjunction with the curation of a multimodal single-cell, spatial transcriptomics and high-resolution multiplex imaging atlas, we show that canonical thymocyte trajectories and thymic epithelial cells are highly organised and fully established by post-conception week 12, pinpoint TEC progenitor states, find that TEC subsets and peripheral tissue genes are associated with Hassall's Corpuscles and uncover divergence in the pace and drivers of medullary entry between CD4 vs. CD8 T cell lineages. These findings are complemented with a holistic toolkit for spatial analysis and annotation, providing a basis for a detailed understanding of T lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Yayon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lena Boehme
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brianna Wachter
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca T Beuschel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Oren Amsalem
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Simon Koplev
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jolien Van Hulle
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Putteman
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Richardson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Tudor
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Engelbert
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabrizio De Rita
- Freeman Hospital, Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology/Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Crossland
- Freeman Hospital, Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology/Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Pala
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken To
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoling He
- University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omer Bayraktar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham E Davies
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah A Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Uhlmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald N Germain
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea J Radtke
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Taghon
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Hagen M, Pangrazzi L, Rocamora-Reverte L, Weinberger B. Legend or Truth: Mature CD4 +CD8 + Double-Positive T Cells in the Periphery in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2702. [PMID: 37893076 PMCID: PMC10603952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors defines two distinct T cell populations with specialized functions. While CD4+ T cells support and modulate immune responses through different T-helper (Th) and regulatory subtypes, CD8+ T cells eliminate cells that might threaten the organism, for example, virus-infected or tumor cells. However, a paradoxical population of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells challenging this paradigm has been found in the peripheral blood. This subset has been observed in healthy as well as pathological conditions, suggesting unique and well-defined functions. Furthermore, DP T cells express activation markers and exhibit memory-like features, displaying an effector memory (EM) and central memory (CM) phenotype. A subset expressing high CD4 (CD4bright+) and intermediate CD8 (CD8dim+) levels and a population of CD8bright+CD4dim+ T cells have been identified within DP T cells, suggesting that this small subpopulation may be heterogeneous. This review summarizes the current literature on DP T cells in humans in health and diseases. In addition, we point out that strategies to better characterize this minor T cell subset's role in regulating immune responses are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hagen
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Xia M, Wang B, Sun W, Ji D, Zhou H, Huang X, Yu M, Su Z, Chen P, Qu K, Wang X. Lsd1 safeguards T-cell development via suppressing endogenous retroelements and interferon responses. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302042. [PMID: 37429639 PMCID: PMC10345215 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase Lsd1 has been shown to play multiple essential roles in mammalian biology. However, its physiological functions in thymocyte development remain elusive. We observed that the specific deletion of Lsd1 in thymocytes caused significant thymic atrophy and reduced peripheral T cell populations with impaired proliferation capacity. Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with strand-specific total RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis revealed that ablation of Lsd1 led to the aberrant derepression of endogenous retroelements, which resulted in a viral mimicry state and activated the interferon pathway. Furthermore, the deletion of Lsd1 blocked the programmed sequential down-regulation of CD8 expression at the DP→CD4+CD8lo stage and induced an innate memory phenotype in both thymic and peripheral T cells. Single-cell TCR sequencing revealed the kinetics of TCR recombination in the mouse thymus. However, the preactivation state after Lsd1 deletion neither disturbed the timeline of TCR rearrangement nor reshaped the TCR repertoire of SP cells. Overall, our study provides new insight into the function of Lsd1 as an important maintainer of endogenous retroelement homeostasis in early T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wujianan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dengyu Ji
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghang Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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He H, Yao Y, Tang L, Li Y, Li Z, Liu B, Lan Y. Divergent molecular events underlying initial T-cell commitment in human prenatal and postnatal thymus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240859. [PMID: 37828991 PMCID: PMC10565475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intrathymic T-cell development is a coordinated process accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression. Although the transcriptome characteristics of developing T cells in both human fetal and postnatal thymus at single-cell resolution have been revealed recently, the differences between human prenatal and postnatal thymocytes regarding the ontogeny and early events of T-cell development still remain obscure. Moreover, the transcriptional heterogeneity and posttranscriptional gene expression regulation such as alternative polyadenylation at different stages are also unknown. Method In this study, we performed integrative single-cell analyses of thymocytes at distinct developmental stages. Results The subsets of prenatal CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) cells, the most immature thymocytes responsible for T-cell lineage commitment, were characterized. By comprehensively comparing prenatal and postnatal DN cells, we revealed significant differences in some key gene expressions. Specifically, prenatal DN subpopulations exhibited distinct biological processes and markedly activated several metabolic programs that may be coordinated to meet the required bioenergetic demands. Although showing similar gene expression patterns along the developmental path, prenatal and postnatal thymocytes were remarkably varied regarding the expression dynamics of some pivotal genes for cell cycle, metabolism, signaling pathway, thymus homing, and T-cell commitment. Finally, we quantified the transcriptome-wide changes in alternative polyadenylation across T-cell development and found diverse preferences of polyadenylation site usage in divergent populations along the T-cell commitment trajectory. Discussion In summary, our results revealed transcriptional heterogeneity and a dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation during T-cell development in both human prenatal and postnatal thymus, providing a comprehensive resource for understanding T lymphopoiesis in human thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han He
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Basic Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lindong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Uhrberg M, Radbruch A. Editorial: Global excellence in cellular immunology: Europe 2021. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283105. [PMID: 37744373 PMCID: PMC10513497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Uhrberg
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Adu-Berchie K, Obuseh FO, Mooney DJ. T Cell Development and Function. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:126-138. [PMID: 37154728 PMCID: PMC10460695 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play critical roles in the immune system, including in responses to cancer, autoimmunity, and tissue regeneration. T cells arise from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) that differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. CLPs then traffic to the thymus, where they undergo thymopoiesis through a number of selection steps, resulting in mature single positive naive CD4 helper or CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Naive T cells are home to secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and are primed by antigen-presenting cells, which scavenge for both foreign and self-antigens. Effector T cell function is multifaceted, including direct target cell lysis and secretion of cytokines, which regulate the functions of other immune cells (refer to "Graphical Abstract"). This review will discuss T cell development and function, from the development of lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow to principles that govern T cell effector function and dysfunction, specifically within the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Favour O. Obuseh
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Chen Y, Huang P, Niu M, Tian C, Zhang T, Peng Z. Regeneration of T cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells for CAR-T cell medicated immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159507. [PMID: 37274170 PMCID: PMC10233047 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment involves in vitro production of T cells from patient blood with synthetic receptors specific to a cancer antigen. They circumvent the major histocompatibility complex to recognize the tumor antigen, reducing hematologic malignancy remission rates by 80%. Considering the efficacy of CAR-T treatment, the present work aimed at generating functional clusters of differentiation (CD)8 + T cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and to generate hiPS-CAR-T cells with high antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Methods: The Alkaline phosphatase assay and MycoEasy rapid mycoplasma detection kit was implemented for detection of hiPSCs and mycoplasma, respectively. The CD34+ HSPCs were harvested in AggreWellTM 400 using a 37-micron reversible strainer. Likewise, the lymphoid progenitor and CD4+CD8+ DP T cells were also harvested. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to mark cytotoxicity and ELISA was used to detect IFN-γ secretion. Further, flow cytometry and transwell chambers were used to assess cell cycle, and migration and invasion. Finally, the in vivo antitumor effects of the CAR-T cells were evaluated using experimental animals (mice). Results: Results revealed that a serum-free, feeder layer-free differentiation system significantly yielded hiPSC-based T cell immunotherapy with interleukin-2, interleukin-15, and activators at the differentiation stage to promote the maturation of these cells into human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)-T cells. The infection of hiPSCs with the CD19 CAR lentivirus resulted in the production of the hiPSC-CAR-T cells. We validated the function of hiPS-CAR-T cells in vivo and in vitro experimentation which revealed no significant differences in cell morphology and function between hiPSC-derived hiPS-CAR-T cells and peripheral blood-derived CAR-T cells. Conclusion: This study developed a culture method that is efficient and clinically useful to make functional CD8+ T cells from hiPSC and to get hiPS-CAR-T cells with high antigen-specific cytotoxicity that are not very different from CAR T cells found in peripheral blood. As a result, our findings may open the way for the clinical use of hiPSC to create functional CD8+ T and hiPS-CAR-T cells cells for use in cell-based cancer therapy.
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Stankiewicz LN, Salim K, Flaschner EA, Wang YX, Edgar JM, Lin BZB, Bingham GC, Major MC, Jones RD, Blau HM, Rideout EJ, Levings MK, Zandstra PW, Rossi FMV. Sex biased human thymic architecture guides T cell development through spatially defined niches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536804. [PMID: 37090676 PMCID: PMC10120731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the thymus, regulation of the cellular cross-talk directing T cell development is dependent on spatial interactions within specialized niches. To create a holistic, spatially defined map of tissue niches guiding postnatal T cell development we employed the multidimensional imaging platform CO-detection by indEXing (CODEX), as well as CITE-seq and ATAC-seq. We generated age-matched 4-5-month-old postnatal thymus datasets for male and female donors, and identify significant sex differences in both T cell and thymus biology. We demonstrate a crucial role for JAG ligands in directing thymic-like dendritic cell development, reveal important functions of a novel population of ECM- fibroblasts, and characterize the medullary niches surrounding Hassall's corpuscles. Together, these data represent a unique age-matched spatial multiomic resource to investigate how sex-based differences in thymus regulation and T cell development arise, and provide an essential resource to understand the mechanisms underlying immune function and dysfunction in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Salim
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Emily A Flaschner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John M Edgar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce ZB Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grace C Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C Major
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ross D Jones
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Megan K Levings
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
- Lead contact
| | - Fabio MV Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
- Lead contact
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22
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Michaels YS, Durland LJ, Zandstra PW. Engineering T Cell Development for the Next Generation of Stem Cell-Derived Immunotherapies. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 2:106-119. [PMID: 37928777 PMCID: PMC10624212 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered T cells are at the leading edge of clinical cell therapy. T cell therapies have had a remarkable impact on patient care for a subset of hematological malignancies. This foundation has motivated the development of off-the-shelf engineered cell therapies for a broad range of devastating indications. Achieving this vision will require cost-effective manufacturing of precision cell products capable of addressing multiple process and clinical-design challenges. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived engineered T cells are emerging as a solution of choice. To unleash the full potential of PSC-derived T cell therapies, the field will require technologies capable of robustly orchestrating the complex series of time- and dose-dependent signaling events needed to recreate functional T cell development in the laboratory. In this article, we review the current state of allogenic T cell therapies, focusing on strategies to generate engineered lymphoid cells from PSCs. We highlight exciting recent progress in this field and outline timely opportunities for advancement with an emphasis on niche engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale S. Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lauren J. Durland
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Cantorna MT, Arora J. Two lineages of immune cells that differentially express the vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 228:106253. [PMID: 36657728 PMCID: PMC10006341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since 1983 it has been known that monocytes and activated T and B cells expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and are therefore vitamin D targets. New data identified two lineages of immune cells that can be differentiated by the expression of the VDR. Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and hematopoietic stem cells were mostly from VDR positive lineages. T cells, ILC1 and ILC3 were also largely VDR positive, which is consistent with the known effects of vitamin D as regulators of type-1 and type-3 immunity. Activation of the VDR negative T cells did not induce the expression of the VDR reporter, suggesting that perhaps only a subset of the T cells in the periphery express the VDR. When activated, the VDR negative T cells responded as if they were VDR knockout T cells in that they made more IFN-γ and proliferated faster than the VDR positive T cells. The ability of vitamin D to regulate immune function will depend on which cells express the VDR and a better understanding of the signals that regulate VDR expression in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Juhi Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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24
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Cruz-Reyes N, Radisky DC. Inflammation, Infiltration, and Evasion-Tumor Promotion in the Aging Breast. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1836. [PMID: 36980723 PMCID: PMC10046531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in women, with over two million new cases reported worldwide each year, the majority of which occur in post-menopausal women. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, approximately one-third of patients diagnosed with breast cancer will develop metastatic disease. The pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer are influenced by a variety of biological and social risk factors, including age, ethnicity, pregnancy status, diet, and genomic alterations. Recent advancements in breast cancer research have focused on harnessing the power of the patient's adaptive and innate immune systems for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The breast immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tissue homeostasis and resistance to tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore the dynamic changes in the breast immune microenvironment that occur with age, how these changes impact breast cancer development and progression, and how targeted therapeutic interventions that leverage the immune system can be used to improve patient outcomes. Our review emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex interplay between aging, the immune system, and breast cancer, and highlights the potential of immune-based therapies in the fight against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek C. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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25
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Zoghi S, Masoumi F, Rezaei N. The immune system. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Alatoom A, ElGindi M, Sapudom J, Teo JCM. The T Cell Journey: A Tour de Force. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200173. [PMID: 36190140 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
T cells act as the puppeteers in the adaptive immune response, and their dysfunction leads to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions. During their lifetime, T cells experience myriad forces that modulate their effector functions. These forces are imposed by interacting cells, surrounding tissues, and shear forces from fluid movement. In this review, a journey with T cells is made, from their development to their unique characteristics, including the early studies that uncovered their mechanosensitivity. Then the studies pertaining to the responses of T cell activation to changes in antigen-presenting cells' physical properties, to their immediate surrounding extracellular matrix microenvironment, and flow conditions are highlighted. In addition, it is explored how pathological conditions like the tumor microenvironment can hinder T cells and allow cancer cells to escape elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Alatoom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Mei ElGindi
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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27
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Garg TK, Garg S, Miousse IR, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, van Rhee F, Singh VK, Hauer-Jensen M. Gamma-Tocotrienol Modulates Total-Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury in a Nonhuman Primate Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416170. [PMID: 36555814 PMCID: PMC9784560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure causes acute damage to hematopoietic and immune cells. To date, there are no radioprotectors available to mitigate hematopoietic injury after radiation exposure. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) has demonstrated promising radioprotective efficacy in the mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) models. We determined GT3-mediated hematopoietic recovery in total-body irradiated (TBI) NHPs. Sixteen rhesus macaques divided into two groups received either vehicle or GT3, 24 h prior to TBI. Four animals in each treatment group were exposed to either 4 or 5.8 Gy TBI. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype the bone marrow (BM) lymphoid cell populations, while clonogenic ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assays on day 8 prior to irradiation and days 2, 7, 14, and 30 post-irradiation. Both radiation doses showed significant changes in the frequencies of B and T-cell subsets, including the self-renewable capacity of HSCs. Importantly, GT3 accelerated the recovery in CD34+ cells, increased HSC function as shown by improved recovery of CFU-granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM) and burst-forming units erythroid (B-FUE), and aided the recovery of circulating neutrophils and platelets. These data elucidate the role of GT3 in hematopoietic recovery, which should be explored as a potential medical countermeasure to mitigate radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K. Garg
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sarita Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alana D. Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Frits van Rhee
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: (V.K.S.); (M.H.-J.); Tel.: +1-301-295-2347 (V.K.S.); +1-501-686-7912 (M.H.-J.); Fax: +1-501-421-0022 (M.H.-J.)
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (V.K.S.); (M.H.-J.); Tel.: +1-301-295-2347 (V.K.S.); +1-501-686-7912 (M.H.-J.); Fax: +1-501-421-0022 (M.H.-J.)
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28
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Boehme L, Roels J, Taghon T. Development of γδ T cells in the thymus - A human perspective. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101662. [PMID: 36374779 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are increasingly emerging as crucial immune regulators that can take on innate and adaptive roles in the defence against pathogens. Although they arise within the thymus from the same hematopoietic precursors as conventional αβ T cells, the development of γδ T cells is less well understood. In this review, we focus on summarising the current state of knowledge about the cellular and molecular processes involved in the generation of γδ T cells in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Boehme
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Hwang S, Ha Y, Koo G, Noh H, Lee A, Kim B, Hong SM, Morgan MJ, Eyun S, Lee D, Roe J, Lee Y, Kim Y. LCK-Mediated RIPK3 Activation Controls Double-Positive Thymocyte Proliferation and Restrains Thymic Lymphoma by Regulating the PP2A-ERK Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204522. [PMID: 36161785 PMCID: PMC9661840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is the primary regulator of necroptotic cell death. RIPK3 expression is often silenced in various cancer cells, which suggests that it may have tumor suppressor properties. However, the exact mechanism by which RIPK3 negatively regulates cancer development and progression remains unclear. This report indicates that RIPK3 acts as a potent regulator of the homeostatic proliferation of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Abnormal proliferation of RIPK3-deficient DP thymocytes occurs independently of the well-known role for RIPK3 in necroptosis (upstream of MLKL activation), and is associated with an incidental thymic mass, likely thymic hyperplasia. In addition, Ripk3-null mice develop increased thymic tumor formation accompanied by reduced host survival in the context of an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced tumor model. Moreover, RIPK3 deficiency in p53-null mice promotes thymic lymphoma development via upregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, which correlates with markedly reduced survival rates. Mechanistically, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) activates RIPK3, which in turn leads to increases in the phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), thereby suppressing hyper-activation of ERK in DP thymocytes. Overall, these findings suggest that a RIPK3-PP2A-ERK signaling axis regulates DP thymocyte homeostasis and may provide a potential therapeutic target to improve thymic lymphoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung‐Min Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Yu‐Jin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Gi‐Bang Koo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Jin Noh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - A‐Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong‐Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J. Morgan
- Department of Natural SciencesNortheastern State UniversityTahlequahOK74464USA
| | - Seong‐il Eyun
- Department of Life ScienceChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06973Republic of Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of PathologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Seok Roe
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Institute of Medical ScienceAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
| | - You‐Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of Medicine164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou University164 Worldcup‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu, SuwonGyeonggi‐do16499Republic of Korea
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30
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Michaels YS, Edgar JM, Major MC, Castle EL, Zimmerman C, Yin T, Hagner A, Lau C, Hsu HH, Ibañez-Rios MI, Durland LJ, Knapp DJHF, Zandstra PW. DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5522. [PMID: 36001668 PMCID: PMC9401626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
T cells show tremendous efficacy as cellular therapeutics. However, obtaining primary T cells from human donors is expensive and variable. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide a renewable source of T cells, but differentiating PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors with T cell potential remains an important challenge. Here, we report an efficient serum- and feeder-free system for differentiating human PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors and T cells. This fully defined approach allowed us to study the impact of individual proteins on blood emergence and differentiation. Providing DLL4 and VCAM1 during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition enhanced downstream progenitor T cell output by ~80-fold. These two proteins synergized to activate notch signaling in nascent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and VCAM1 additionally promoted an inflammatory transcriptional program. We also established optimized medium formulations that enabled efficient and chemically defined maturation of functional CD8αβ+, CD4-, CD3+, TCRαβ+ T cells with a diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale S. Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John M. Edgar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Major
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L. Castle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carla Zimmerman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andrew Hagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles Lau
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Han Hsuan Hsu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - M. Iliana Ibañez-Rios
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lauren J. Durland
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David J. H. F. Knapp
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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31
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Pala F, Notarangelo LD, Bosticardo M. Inborn errors of immunity associated with defects of thymic development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13832. [PMID: 36003043 PMCID: PMC11077434 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main function of the thymus is to support the establishment of a wide repertoire of T lymphocytes capable of eliminating foreign pathogens, yet tolerant to self-antigens. Thymocyte development in the thymus is dependent on the interaction with thymic stromal cells, a complex mixture of cells comprising thymic epithelial cells (TEC), mesenchymal and endothelial cells. The exchange of signals between stromal cells and thymocytes is referred to as "thymic cross-talk". Genetic defects affecting either side of this interaction result in defects in thymic development that ultimately lead to a decreased output of T lymphocytes to the periphery. In the present review, we aim at providing a summary of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) characterized by T-cell lymphopenia due to defects of the thymic stroma, or to hematopoietic-intrinsic defects of T-cell development, with a special focus on recently discovered disorders. Additionally, we review the novel diagnostic tools developed to discover and study new genetic causes of IEI due to defects in thymic development. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches to correct thymic defects that are currently available, in addition to potential novel therapies that could be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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32
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Newman-Rivera AM, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. TCRαβ+ CD4-/CD8- "double negative" T cells in health and disease-implications for the kidney. Kidney Int 2022; 102:25-37. [PMID: 35413379 PMCID: PMC9233047 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Double negative (DN) T cells, one of the least studied T lymphocyte subgroups, express T cell receptor αβ but lack CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. DN T cells are found in multiple organs including kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, genital tract, and central nervous system. DN T cells suppress inflammatory responses in different disease models including experimental acute kidney injury, and significant evidence supports an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, little is known about these cells in other kidney diseases. Therefore, it is important to better understand different functions of DN T cells and their signaling pathways as promising therapeutic targets, particularly with the increasing application of T cell-directed therapy in humans. In this review, we aim to summarize studies performed on DN T cells in normal and diseased organs in the setting of different disease models with a focus on kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Rabb
- Nephrology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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33
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Potential contribution of the immune system to the emergence of renal diseases. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Suo C, Dann E, Goh I, Jardine L, Kleshchevnikov V, Park JE, Botting RA, Stephenson E, Engelbert J, Tuong ZK, Polanski K, Yayon N, Xu C, Suchanek O, Elmentaite R, Domínguez Conde C, He P, Pritchard S, Miah M, Moldovan C, Steemers AS, Mazin P, Prete M, Horsfall D, Marioni JC, Clatworthy MR, Haniffa M, Teichmann SA. Mapping the developing human immune system across organs. Science 2022; 376:eabo0510. [PMID: 35549310 PMCID: PMC7612819 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell genomics studies have decoded the immune-cell composition of several human prenatal organs but were limited in understanding the developing immune system as a distributed network across tissues. We profiled nine prenatal tissues combining single-cell RNA sequencing, antigen-receptor sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics to reconstruct the developing human immune system. This revealed the late acquisition of immune effector functions by myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets and the maturation of monocytes and T cells prior to peripheral tissue seeding. Moreover, we uncovered system-wide blood and immune cell development beyond primary hematopoietic organs, characterized human prenatal B1 cells, and shed light on the origin of unconventional T cells. Our atlas provides both valuable data resources and biological insights that will facilitate cell engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jong-Eun Park
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Rachel A Botting
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Justin Engelbert
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadav Yayon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rasa Elmentaite
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Pritchard
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohi Miah
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Corina Moldovan
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Pavel Mazin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dave Horsfall
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Eder JM, Sacco RE. Ex vivo activated CD4+ T cells from young calves exhibit Th2-biased effector function with distinct metabolic reprogramming compared to adult cows. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 248:110418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Villanueva-Cabello TM, Gutiérrez-Valenzuela LD, Salinas-Marín R, López-Guerrero DV, Martínez-Duncker I. Polysialic Acid in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:823637. [PMID: 35222358 PMCID: PMC8873093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.823637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a highly regulated polymer of sialic acid (Sia) with such potent biophysical characteristics that when expressed drastically influences the interaction properties of cells. Although much of what is known of polySia in mammals has been elucidated from the study of its role in the central nervous system (CNS), polySia is also expressed in other tissues, including the immune system where it presents dynamic changes during differentiation, maturation, and activation of different types of immune cells of the innate and adaptive response, being involved in key regulatory mechanisms. At least six polySia protein carriers (CCR7, ESL-1, NCAM, NRP2, ST8Sia 2, and ST8Sia 4) are expressed in different types of immune cells, but there is still much to be explored in regard not only to the regulatory mechanisms that determine their expression and the structure of polySia chains but also to the identification of the cis- and trans- ligands of polySia that establish signaling networks. This review summarizes the current knowledge on polySia in the immune system, addressing its biosynthesis, its tools for identification and structural characterization, and its functional roles and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M. Villanueva-Cabello
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lya D. Gutiérrez-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Iván Martínez-Duncker,
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37
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Nunes-Cabaço H, Ramalho-dos-Santos A, Pires AR, Martins LR, Barata JT, Sousa AE. Human CD4 T Cells From Thymus and Cord Blood Are Convertible Into CD8 T Cells by IL-4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834033. [PMID: 35222424 PMCID: PMC8880616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commitment to the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell lineages is linked to the acquisition of a functional program broadly defined by helper and cytotoxic properties, respectively. The mechanisms underlying these processes in the human thymus remain largely unclear. Moreover, recent thymic emigrants are thought to have some degree of plasticity, which may be important for the shaping of the immune system and adjustment to specific peripheral needs. We show here that IL-4 induces proliferation-independent de novo synthesis of CD8αβ in human CD4 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, generating a stable CD8SP population that features a diverse TCRαβ repertoire, CD4 expression shut-down and ThPOK downregulation. IL-4 also promotes an innate-like program in both CD4SP and CD8SP thymocytes, characterized by Eomes upregulation in the absence of T-bet, in line with its recognized role in the generation of thymic innate-like CD8+ T cells. The clinical relevance of these findings is further supported by the profile of IL-4 production and IL-4 receptor expression that we identified in the human thymus. Importantly, human cord blood CD4+ T cells preserve the ability to generate Eomes+ CD8+ T cells in the presence of IL-4, with implications in neonatal immunity. Our results support a role for IL-4 in the dynamic regulation of human thymocyte plasticity and identify novel strategies to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana E. Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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38
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Sim MJW, Sun PD. T Cell Recognition of Tumor Neoantigens and Insights Into T Cell Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833017. [PMID: 35222422 PMCID: PMC8867076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, non-synonymous DNA base changes alter protein sequence and produce neoantigens that are detected by the immune system. For immune detection, neoantigens must first be presented on class I or II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) followed by recognition by peptide-specific receptors, exemplified by the T-cell receptor (TCR). Detection of neoantigens represents a unique challenge to the immune system due to their high similarity with endogenous 'self' proteins. Here, we review insights into how TCRs detect neoantigens from structural studies and delineate two broad mechanistic categories: 1) recognition of mutated 'self' peptides and 2) recognition of novel 'non-self' peptides generated through anchor residue modifications. While mutated 'self' peptides differ only by a single amino acid from an existing 'self' epitope, mutations that form anchor residues generate an entirely new epitope, hitherto unknown to the immune system. We review recent structural studies that highlight these structurally distinct mechanisms and discuss how they may lead to differential anti-tumor immune responses. We discuss how T cells specific for neoantigens derived from anchor mutations can be of high affinity and provide insights to their use in adoptive T cell transfer-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter D. Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
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39
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Li Y, Zeng W, Li T, Guo Y, Zheng G, He X, Bai L, Ding G, Jin L, Liu X. Integrative Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Fetal Thymocyte Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:679616. [PMID: 34276782 PMCID: PMC8284395 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.679616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathymic differentiation of T lymphocytes begins as early as intrauterine stage, yet the T cell lineage decisions of human fetal thymocytes at different gestational ages are not currently understood. Here, we performed integrative single-cell analyses of thymocytes across gestational ages. We identified conserved candidates underlying the selection of T cell receptor (TCR) lineages in different human fetal stages. The trajectory of early thymocyte commitment during fetal growth was also characterized. Comparisons with mouse data revealed conserved and species-specific transcriptional dynamics of thymocyte proliferation, apoptosis and selection. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data associated with multiple autoimmune disorders were analyzed to characterize susceptibility genes that are highly expressed at specific stages during fetal thymocyte development. In summary, our integrative map describes previously underappreciated aspects of human thymocyte development, and provides a comprehensive reference for understanding T cell lymphopoiesis in a self-tolerant and functional adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyong Zheng
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilian Bai
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Kreins AY, Bonfanti P, Davies EG. Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches for Thymic Stromal Cell Defects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655354. [PMID: 33815417 PMCID: PMC8012524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of thymic stromal cell development and function lead to impaired T-cell development resulting in a susceptibility to opportunistic infections and autoimmunity. In their most severe form, congenital athymia, these disorders are life-threatening if left untreated. Athymia is rare and is typically associated with complete DiGeorge syndrome, which has multiple genetic and environmental etiologies. It is also found in rare cases of T-cell lymphopenia due to Nude SCID and Otofaciocervical Syndrome type 2, or in the context of genetically undefined defects. This group of disorders cannot be corrected by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but upon timely recognition as thymic defects, can successfully be treated by thymus transplantation using cultured postnatal thymic tissue with the generation of naïve T-cells showing a diverse repertoire. Mortality after this treatment usually occurs before immune reconstitution and is mainly associated with infections most often acquired pre-transplantation. In this review, we will discuss the current approaches to the diagnosis and management of thymic stromal cell defects, in particular those resulting in athymia. We will discuss the impact of the expanding implementation of newborn screening for T-cell lymphopenia, in combination with next generation sequencing, as well as the role of novel diagnostic tools distinguishing between hematopoietic and thymic stromal cell defects in facilitating the early consideration for thymus transplantation of an increasing number of patients and disorders. Immune reconstitution after the current treatment is usually incomplete with relatively common inflammatory and autoimmune complications, emphasizing the importance for improving strategies for thymus replacement therapy by optimizing the current use of postnatal thymus tissue and developing new approaches using engineered thymus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y. Kreins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Graham Davies
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Bremer SJ, Glau L, Gehbauer C, Boxnick A, Biermann D, Sachweh JS, Tolosa E, Gieras A. OMIP 073: Analysis of human thymocyte development with a 14-color flow cytometry panel. Cytometry A 2021; 99:875-879. [PMID: 33655672 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This panel was designed for the identification and detailed characterization of the different developmental steps of human thymocytes. We optimized the panel for fresh tissue in order to provide an unbiased analysis of T cell development. Accurate selection of antibodies and precise gating allow us to phenotype 14 major stages of human thymocyte development and illustrate the trajectories of T cell development from early thymic progenitors (ETP) to mature T cells that are ready to populate the periphery. The panel identifies ETPs, T-lineage-committed cells (TC), CD34-positive immature single-positive CD4 cells (ISP4 CD34+), CD34-negative immature single-positive CD4 cells (ISP4 CD34-), CD45-low early double-positive cells (EDP CD45low), CD45-high early double-positive cells (EDP CD45high), late double-positive cells (LDP), single-positive CD4 cells (SP4), single-positive CD8 cells (SP8), ready-to-egress single-positive CD4 cells (rSP4), ready-to-egress single-positive CD8 cells (rSP8), T γδ cells (Tγδ), T regulatory cells (Treg), and ready-to-egress T regulatory cells (rTreg). To highlight important checkpoints during T cell development, we added antibodies relevant for specific developmental steps to the panel. These include CD1a to define TCs, CD28 as a marker for ß-selection and CD69 in combination with CD45RA to determine the maturation stage of thymocytes shortly before they become ready to egress the thymus and colonize the periphery. Moreover, Annexin V, as a marker for apoptosis, provides valuable extra information concerning the apoptotic death of thymocytes. Currently, we use this panel to identify aberrations in T cell development in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jolan Bremer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Glau
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Gehbauer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Boxnick
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Biermann
- Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Siegmar Sachweh
- Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Gieras
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Cieslak A, Charbonnier G, Tesio M, Mathieu EL, Belhocine M, Touzart A, Smith C, Hypolite G, Andrieu GP, Martens JHA, Janssen-Megens E, Gut M, Gut I, Boissel N, Petit A, Puthier D, Macintyre E, Stunnenberg HG, Spicuglia S, Asnafi V. Blueprint of human thymopoiesis reveals molecular mechanisms of stage-specific TCR enhancer activation. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151947. [PMID: 32667968 PMCID: PMC7478722 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is accompanied by epigenetic changes leading to precise lineage definition and cell identity. Here we present a comprehensive resource of epigenomic data of human T cell precursors along with an integrative analysis of other hematopoietic populations. Although T cell commitment is accompanied by large scale epigenetic changes, we observed that the majority of distal regulatory elements are constitutively unmethylated throughout T cell differentiation, irrespective of their activation status. Among these, the TCRA gene enhancer (Eα) is in an open and unmethylated chromatin structure well before activation. Integrative analyses revealed that the HOXA5-9 transcription factors repress the Eα enhancer at early stages of T cell differentiation, while their decommission is required for TCRA locus activation and enforced αβ T lineage differentiation. Remarkably, the HOXA-mediated repression of Eα is paralleled by the ectopic expression of homeodomain-related oncogenes in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These results highlight an analogous enhancer repression mechanism at play in normal and cancer conditions, but imposing distinct developmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Cieslak
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Melania Tesio
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Eve-Lyne Mathieu
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Belhocine
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.,Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Smith
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hypolite
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume P Andrieu
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eva Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marta Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, EA-3518, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Petit
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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43
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- double-negative T (DNT) cells, a principal subset of mature T lymphocytes, have been closely linked with autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. However, controversy persists regarding their ontogeny and function. Here, we present an overview on DNT cells in different autoimmune diseases to advance a deeper understanding of the contribution of this population to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS DNT cells have been characterized in various chronic inflammatory diseases and they have been proposed to display pathogenic or regulatory function. The tissue location of DNT cells and the effector cytokines they produce bespeak to their active involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases. SUMMARY By producing various cytokines, expanded DNT cells in inflamed tissues contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear whether this population represents a stable lineage consisting of different subsets similar to CD4+ T helper cell subset. Better understanding of the possible heterogeneity and plasticity of DNT cells is needed to reveal interventional therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Strunz B, Bister J, Jönsson H, Filipovic I, Crona-Guterstam Y, Kvedaraite E, Sleiers N, Dumitrescu B, Brännström M, Lentini A, Reinius B, Cornillet M, Willinger T, Gidlöf S, Hamilton RS, Ivarsson MA, Björkström NK. Continuous human uterine NK cell differentiation in response to endometrial regeneration and pregnancy. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eabb7800. [PMID: 33617461 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation is critical for adequate tissue-specific immune responses to occur. Here, we studied differentiation of human uterine natural killer cells (uNK cells). These cells reside in a tissue undergoing constant regeneration and represent the major leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. However, their physiological response during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy remains elusive. By surface proteome and transcriptome analysis as well as using humanized mice, we identify a differentiation pathway of uNK cells in vitro and in vivo with sequential acquisition of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and CD39. uNK cell differentiation occurred continuously in response to the endometrial regeneration and was driven by interleukin-15. Differentiated uNK cells displayed reduced proliferative capacity and immunomodulatory function including enhanced angiogenic capacity. By studying human uterus transplantation and monozygotic twins, we found that the uNK cell niche could be replenished from circulation and that it was under genetic control. Together, our study uncovers a continuous differentiation pathway of human NK cells in the uterus that is coupled to profound functional changes in response to local tissue regeneration and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonna Bister
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Jönsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Crona-Guterstam
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sleiers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Dumitrescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Willinger
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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A clinically applicable and scalable method to regenerate T-cells from iPSCs for off-the-shelf T-cell immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:430. [PMID: 33462228 PMCID: PMC7814014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical successes demonstrated by chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy have facilitated further development of T-cell immunotherapy against wide variety of diseases. One approach is the development of “off-the-shelf” T-cell sources. Technologies to generate T-cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may offer platforms to produce “off-the-shelf” and synthetic allogeneic T-cells. However, low differentiation efficiency and poor scalability of current methods may compromise their utilities. Here we show improved differentiation efficiency of T-cells from induced PSCs (iPSCs) derived from an antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone, or from T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced iPSCs, as starting materials. We additionally describe feeder-free differentiation culture systems that span from iPSC maintenance to T-cell proliferation phases, enabling large-scale regenerated T-cell production. Moreover, simultaneous addition of SDF1α and a p38 inhibitor during T-cell differentiation enhances T-cell commitment. The regenerated T-cells show TCR-dependent functions in vitro and are capable of in vivo anti-tumor activity. This system provides a platform to generate a large number of regenerated T-cells for clinical application and investigate human T-cell differentiation and biology. T-cell immunotherapies, such as CAR-T immunotherapy, are being developed against a wide variety of diseases. Here the authors report the feeder-free, scalable differentiation of human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) to T-cells with T-cell receptor dependent anti-tumour function in vitro and in vivo.
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46
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Cardozo-Ojeda EF, Duke ER, Peterson CW, Reeves DB, Mayer BT, Kiem HP, Schiffer JT. Thresholds for post-rebound SHIV control after CCR5 gene-edited autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. eLife 2021; 10:57646. [PMID: 33432929 PMCID: PMC7803377 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous, CCR5 gene-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation is a promising strategy for achieving HIV remission. However, only a fraction of HSPCs can be edited ex vivo to provide protection against infection. To project the thresholds of CCR5-edition necessary for HIV remission, we developed a mathematical model that recapitulates blood T cell reconstitution and plasma simian-HIV (SHIV) dynamics from SHIV-1157ipd3N4-infected pig-tailed macaques that underwent autologous transplantation with CCR5 gene editing. The model predicts that viral control can be obtained following analytical treatment interruption (ATI) when: (1) transplanted HSPCs are at least fivefold higher than residual endogenous HSPCs after total body irradiation and (2) the fraction of protected HSPCs in the transplant achieves a threshold (76–94%) sufficient to overcome transplantation-dependent loss of SHIV immunity. Under these conditions, if ATI is withheld until transplanted gene-modified cells engraft and reconstitute to a steady state, spontaneous viral control is projected to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Duke
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel B Reeves
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Bryan T Mayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joshua T Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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47
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Gomes JAN, da Silva Dias GA, Fujihara S, Yoshikawa GT, Koyama RVL, Sousa RCM, Quaresma JAS, Fuzii HT. Decrease in naïve T cell production due to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) development. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152050. [PMID: 33338979 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human T-lymphocytic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is mainly associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Patients with HAM/TSP exhibit significant changes in their immune response, and HTLV-1 infection can interfere in cytokine production and perhaps in T cell production. The aims of this study were to evaluate thymic function in HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 healthy carriers (HCs) and correlate it to age and interleukin 7 (IL-7) gene expression. Thymic function in 21 HAM/TSP patients and 12 HCs was evaluated by quantifying T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC) particles and IL-7 gene expression, both measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HAM/TSP patients presented lower TREC particle counts (p = 0.0112) and lower IL-7 expression (p = 0.0102) than HCs. Both TREC particles and IL-7 gene expression were separately analyzed in two age groups: ≤ 59 years and ≥60 years, The ≤59-year-old HAM/TSP patients had a lower TREC count compared with the ≤59-year-old HCs (p = 0.0476). In conclusion, HAM/TSP development could interfere with thymic function because the results showed TREC particle reduction in HAM/TSP patients in relation to HCs, and it could be associated with a concomitant reduction in IL-7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satomi Fujihara
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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48
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Human Thymic CD10 + PD-1 + Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors Acquire Interleukin-15 Responsiveness at the CD1a - CD95 + CD28 - CCR7 - Developmental Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228785. [PMID: 33233766 PMCID: PMC7699974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thymic CD8αα+ CD10+ PD-1+ αβ T cells selected through early agonist selection have been proposed as the putative thymic precursors of the human CD8αα+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). However, the progeny of these thymic precursor cells in human blood or tissues has not yet been characterized. Here, we studied the phenotypical and transcriptional differentiation of the thymic IEL precursor (IELp) lineage upon in vitro exposure to cytokines prominent in the peripheral tissues such as interleukin-15 (IL-15) and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). We showed that only the CD1a− fraction of the CD10+ PD-1+ IELp population was able to proliferate with IL-15, suggesting that this subset had acquired functionality. These cells downregulated PD-1 expression and completely lost CD10 expression, whereas other surface markers such as CD95 and CXCR3 remained highly expressed. RNA-seq analysis of the IL-15-cultured cells clearly showed induction of innate-like and effector genes. Induction of the cytotoxic machinery by the CD10+ PD-1+ population was acquired in the presence of IL-15 and was further augmented by inflammatory cytokines. Our data suggest that only the CD1a− CD10+ PD-1+ population exits the thymus and survives in the periphery. Furthermore, PD-1 and CD10 expression is not an intrinsic property of this lineage, but rather characterizes a transient stage in differentiation. CD95 and CXCR3 expression combined with the absence of CD28, CCR7, and CD6 expression might be more powerful markers to define this lineage in the periphery.
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49
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Generation and function of progenitor T cells from StemRegenin-1-expanded CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2934-2948. [PMID: 31648315 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broader clinical application of umbilical cord blood (UCB), as a source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), is limited by low CD34+ and T-cell numbers, contributing to slow lymphohematopoietic recovery, infection, and relapse. Studies have evaluated the safety, feasibility, and expedited neutrophil recovery associated with the transplantation of CD34+ HSPCs from ex vivo expansion cultures using the aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist StemRegenin-1 (SR1). In a phase 1/2 study of 17 patients who received combined SR1-expanded and unexpanded UCB units, a considerable advantage for enhancing T-cell chimerism was not observed. We previously showed that progenitor T (proT) cells generated in vitro from HSPCs accelerated T-cell reconstitution and restored immunity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To expedite immune recovery, we hypothesized that SR1-expanded HSPCs together with proT cells could overcome the known T-cell immune deficiency that occurs post-HSCT. Here, we show that SR1-expanded UCB can induce >250-fold expansion of CD34+ HSPCs, which can generate large numbers of proT cells upon in vitro differentiation. When compared with nonexpanded naive proT cells, SR1 proT cells also showed effective thymus-seeding and peripheral T-cell functional capabilities in vivo despite having an altered phenotype. In a competitive transfer approach, both naive and SR1 proT cells showed comparable thymus-engrafting capacities. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral CD3+ T cells from mice injected with either naive or SR1 proT cells revealed functional subsets of T cells with polyclonal T-cell receptor repertoires. Our findings support the use of SR1-expanded UCB grafts combined with proT-cell generation for decreasing T-cell immunodeficiency post-HSCT.
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50
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Fiore D, Cappelli LV, Broccoli A, Zinzani PL, Chan WC, Inghirami G. Peripheral T cell lymphomas: from the bench to the clinic. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:323-342. [PMID: 32249838 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of orphan neoplasms. Despite the introduction of anthracycline-based chemotherapy protocols, with or without autologous haematopoietic transplantation and a plethora of new agents, the progression-free survival of patients with PTCLs needs to be improved. The rarity of these neoplasms, the limited knowledge of their driving defects and the lack of experimental models have impaired clinical successes. This scenario is now rapidly changing with the discovery of a spectrum of genomic defects that hijack essential signalling pathways and foster T cell transformation. This knowledge has led to new genomic-based stratifications, which are being used to establish objective diagnostic criteria, more effective risk assessment and target-based interventions. The integration of genomic and functional data has provided the basis for targeted therapies and immunological approaches that underlie individual tumour vulnerabilities. Fortunately, novel therapeutic strategies can now be rapidly tested in preclinical models and effectively translated to the clinic by means of well-designed clinical trials. We believe that by combining new targeted agents with immune regulators and chimeric antigen receptor-expressing natural killer and T cells, the overall survival of patients with PTCLs will dramatically increase.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fiore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Vincenzo Cappelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Broccoli
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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