1
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Yombi JC, Munting A, Lentini A, Putineanu D, Castanares-Zapatero D, Yildiz H. Severe skin and soft tissue infection in cohort patients admitted in a teaching hospital in Belgium: identification of risk factors for surgery. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38475981 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2327518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are associated with significant mortality if not promptly diagnosed and surgically treated. AIM This study aims to compare patients with severe skin and soft tissue infection treated with or without a surgical intervention and to identify risk factors that can predict the need for early surgery. METHODS Demographics, clinical, laboratory, Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) and imaging results were retrospectively collected. RESULTS There were 91 non-NSTI (group 1), 26 NSTI who were operated (group 2) and eight suspected NSTI who were not operated (group 3). In the multivariate analysis, skin necrosis, tachycardia, CRP value and hyperglycemia were predictive for surgery. A performance analysis revealed AUC of 0.65 (95%CI: 0.52-0.78) as to the LRINEC score for the use of surgery. The AUC for a predictive model associating four variables (heart rate, skin necrosis, CRP and glycemia at admission) was 0.71 (95%CI: 0.59-0.84). In terms of outcome, the median length of stay (LOS) was statistically higher in group 2 vs. group 1 (seven days (5-15) vs. 34 days (20-42), p < .001) and in group 2 vs. group 3 (34 days (20-42) vs. 14 days (11-19), p = .005). The overall in-hospital mortality at 30 days was 3.2% and did not statistically differ between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the LRINEC score performed well in predicting surgery, the AUC of a model combining four predictive variables (glycemia, skin necrosis, CRP and heart rate) was superior. Further research is needed to validate this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yombi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - A Munting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - A Lentini
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D Putineanu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D Castanares-Zapatero
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - H Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UClouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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2
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Spratt J, Dias JM, Kolonelou C, Kiriako G, Engström E, Petrova E, Karampelias C, Cervenka I, Papanicolaou N, Lentini A, Reinius B, Andersson O, Ambrosetti E, Ruas JL, Teixeira AI. Multivalent insulin receptor activation using insulin-DNA origami nanostructures. Nat Nanotechnol 2024; 19:237-245. [PMID: 37813939 PMCID: PMC10873203 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulin binds the insulin receptor (IR) and regulates anabolic processes in target tissues. Impaired IR signalling is associated with multiple diseases, including diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. IRs have been reported to form nanoclusters at the cell membrane in several cell types, even in the absence of insulin binding. Here we exploit the nanoscale spatial organization of the IR to achieve controlled multivalent receptor activation. To control insulin nanoscale spatial organization and valency, we developed rod-like insulin-DNA origami nanostructures carrying different numbers of insulin molecules with defined spacings. Increasing the insulin valency per nanostructure markedly extended the residence time of insulin-DNA origami nanostructures at the receptors. Both insulin valency and spacing affected the levels of IR activation in adipocytes. Moreover, the multivalent insulin design associated with the highest levels of IR activation also induced insulin-mediated transcriptional responses more effectively than the corresponding monovalent insulin nanostructures. In an in vivo zebrafish model of diabetes, treatment with multivalent-but not monovalent-insulin nanostructures elicited a reduction in glucose levels. Our results show that the control of insulin multivalency and spatial organization with nanoscale precision modulates the IR responses, independent of the insulin concentration. Therefore, we propose insulin nanoscale organization as a design parameter in developing new insulin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Spratt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M Dias
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kolonelou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georges Kiriako
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enya Engström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Petrova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Karampelias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natali Papanicolaou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Ambrosetti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Smyrlaki I, Fördős F, Rocamonde-Lago I, Wang Y, Shen B, Lentini A, Luca VC, Reinius B, Teixeira AI, Högberg B. Soluble and multivalent Jag1 DNA origami nanopatterns activate Notch without pulling force. Nat Commun 2024; 15:465. [PMID: 38238313 PMCID: PMC10796381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway has fundamental roles in embryonic development and in the nervous system. The current model of receptor activation involves initiation via a force-induced conformational change. Here, we define conditions that reveal pulling force-independent Notch activation using soluble multivalent constructs. We treat neuroepithelial stem-like cells with molecularly precise ligand nanopatterns displayed from solution using DNA origami. Notch signaling follows with clusters of Jag1, and with chimeric structures where most Jag1 proteins are replaced by other binders not targeting Notch. Our data rule out several confounding factors and suggest a model where Jag1 activates Notch upon prolonged binding without appearing to need a pulling force. These findings reveal a distinct mode of activation of Notch and lay the foundation for the development of soluble agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Smyrlaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Fördős
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iris Rocamonde-Lago
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Alto, Finland
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Calvigioni D, Fuzik J, Le Merre P, Slashcheva M, Jung F, Ortiz C, Lentini A, Csillag V, Graziano M, Nikolakopoulou I, Weglage M, Lazaridis I, Kim H, Lenzi I, Park H, Reinius B, Carlén M, Meletis K. Esr1 + hypothalamic-habenula neurons shape aversive states. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01367-8. [PMID: 37349481 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Excitatory projections from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the lateral habenula (LHb) drive aversive responses. We used patch-sequencing (Patch-seq) guided multimodal classification to define the structural and functional heterogeneity of the LHA-LHb pathway. Our classification identified six glutamatergic neuron types with unique electrophysiological properties, molecular profiles and projection patterns. We found that genetically defined LHA-LHb neurons signal distinct aspects of emotional or naturalistic behaviors, such as estrogen receptor 1-expressing (Esr1+) LHA-LHb neurons induce aversion, whereas neuropeptide Y-expressing (Npy+) LHA-LHb neurons control rearing behavior. Repeated optogenetic drive of Esr1+ LHA-LHb neurons induces a behaviorally persistent aversive state, and large-scale recordings showed a region-specific neural representation of the aversive signals in the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex. We further found that exposure to unpredictable mild shocks induced a sex-specific sensitivity to develop a stress state in female mice, which was associated with a specific shift in the intrinsic properties of bursting-type Esr1+ LHA-LHb neurons. In summary, we describe the diversity of LHA-LHb neuron types and provide evidence for the role of Esr1+ neurons in aversion and sexually dimorphic stress sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janos Fuzik
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Le Merre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Slashcheva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Jung
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cantin Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronika Csillag
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Graziano
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Moritz Weglage
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iakovos Lazaridis
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoseok Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Lenzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hyunsoo Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Lentini A, Reinius B. Limitations of X:autosome ratio as a measurement of X-chromosome upregulation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R395-R396. [PMID: 37220727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lentini and Reinius address issues in interpreting non-allelic gene expression measurements of dosage compensation during murine embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Lentini A, Pereira A, Winqvist O, Reinius B. Monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1/BA.2 lineage transition in the Swedish population reveals increased viral RNA levels in BA.2 cases. Med (N Y) 2022; 3:636-643.e4. [PMID: 35981541 PMCID: PMC9359497 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple waves of variants of concern have swept across populations, leading to a chain of new and yet more contagious variants dominating COVID-19 cases. Here, we tracked the remarkably rapid shift from Omicron BA.1 to BA.2 sublineage dominance in the Swedish population in early 2022 at a day-by-day basis. Methods Using a custom SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 lineage-typing RT-PCR assay, we analyzed 174,933 clinical upper airway samples collected during January to March 2022. Findings Our study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of parallel lineage assignment of select variants at population scale, tracking the dominant sublineage transition from BA.1 to BA.2 at day-to-day resolution and uncovering nearly 2-fold higher levels of viral RNA in cases infected with Omicron BA.2 relative to BA.1. Conclusions Our data provide unique insights into the Omicron BA.1 to BA.2 transition that occurred in Sweden during early 2022, and later, across the world. This may help to understand the increased transmissibility of the BA.2 variant. Early population tracking is critical for informed decision-making and handling of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during outbreaks of variant strains of concern. Omicron variant infections emerged during late 2021, but at the time, lineage assignment relied on sequencing or separate genotyping assays in addition to the clinical SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, burdening laboratories and restricting the scope of lineage monitoring. Here, researchers at the Karolinska Institute and ABC Labs developed a single RT-PCR assay to simultaneously classify COVID-19 and Omicron BA.1 lineage status and demonstrated the feasibility of parallel lineage assignment of select variants at population scale. The authors show, at day-to-day resolution, the rapid transition from Omicron BA.1 to BA.2 sublineage dominance in the Swedish population, exposing factors that could influence this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
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7
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Lentini A, Cheng H, Noble JC, Papanicolaou N, Coucoravas C, Andrews N, Deng Q, Enge M, Reinius B. Elastic dosage compensation by X-chromosome upregulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1854. [PMID: 35388014 PMCID: PMC8987076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation and X-upregulation are the fundamental modes of chromosome-wide gene regulation that collectively achieve dosage compensation in mammals, but the regulatory link between the two remains elusive and the X-upregulation dynamics are unknown. Here, we use allele-resolved single-cell RNA-seq combined with chromatin accessibility profiling and finely dissect their separate effects on RNA levels during mouse development. Surprisingly, we uncover that X-upregulation elastically tunes expression dosage in a sex- and lineage-specific manner, and moreover along varying degrees of X-inactivation progression. Male blastomeres achieve X-upregulation upon zygotic genome activation while females experience two distinct waves of upregulation, upon imprinted and random X-inactivation; and ablation of Xist impedes female X-upregulation. Female cells carrying two active X chromosomes lack upregulation, yet their collective RNA output exceeds that of a single hyperactive allele. Importantly, this conflicts the conventional dosage compensation model in which naïve female cells are initially subject to biallelic X-upregulation followed by X-inactivation of one allele to correct the X dosage. Together, our study provides key insights to the chain of events of dosage compensation, explaining how transcript copy numbers can remain remarkably stable across developmental windows wherein severe dose imbalance would otherwise be experienced by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huaitao Cheng
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J C Noble
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natali Papanicolaou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Coucoravas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathanael Andrews
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Strunz B, Bister J, Jönsson H, Filipovic I, Crona-Guterstam Y, Kvedaraite E, Sleiers N, Dumitrescu B, Brännström M, Lentini A, Reinius B, Cornillet M, Willinger T, Gidlöf S, Hamilton RS, Ivarsson MA, Björkström NK. Continuous human uterine NK cell differentiation in response to endometrial regeneration and pregnancy. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eabb7800. [PMID: 33617461 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation is critical for adequate tissue-specific immune responses to occur. Here, we studied differentiation of human uterine natural killer cells (uNK cells). These cells reside in a tissue undergoing constant regeneration and represent the major leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. However, their physiological response during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy remains elusive. By surface proteome and transcriptome analysis as well as using humanized mice, we identify a differentiation pathway of uNK cells in vitro and in vivo with sequential acquisition of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and CD39. uNK cell differentiation occurred continuously in response to the endometrial regeneration and was driven by interleukin-15. Differentiated uNK cells displayed reduced proliferative capacity and immunomodulatory function including enhanced angiogenic capacity. By studying human uterus transplantation and monozygotic twins, we found that the uNK cell niche could be replenished from circulation and that it was under genetic control. Together, our study uncovers a continuous differentiation pathway of human NK cells in the uterus that is coupled to profound functional changes in response to local tissue regeneration and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonna Bister
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Jönsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Crona-Guterstam
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sleiers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Dumitrescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Willinger
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Abstract
A complete understanding of the dynamics and function of cytosine modifications in mammalian biology is lacking. Central to achieving this understanding is the availability of techniques that permit sensitive and specific genome-wide mapping of DNA modifications in mammalian DNA. The last decade has seen the development of a vast arsenal of novel profiling approaches enabling epigeneticists to tackle research questions that were previously out of reach. Here, we review the techniques currently available for profiling DNA modifications in mammals, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and speculate on the future direction of DNA modification profiling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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10
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Lentini A, Nestor CE. Analyzing DNA-Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Data. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2198:431-439. [PMID: 32822048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0876-0_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide profiling of DNA modifications has advanced our understanding of epigenetics in mammalian biology. Whereas several different methods for profiling DNA modifications have been developed over the last decade, DNA-immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (DIP-seq) has proven a particularly adaptable and cost-effective approach. DIP-seq was especially valuable in initial studies of the more recently discovered DNA modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine. As an enrichment-based profiling method, analysis of DIP-seq data poses several unique, and often unappreciated bioinformatics challenges, which if unmet, can profoundly affect the results and conclusions drawn from the data. Here, we outline key considerations in both the design of DIP-seq assays and analysis of DIP-seq data to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of DIP-seq based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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11
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Henriksson P, Lentini A, Altmäe S, Brodin D, Müller P, Forsum E, Nestor CE, Löf M. DNA methylation in infants with low and high body fatness. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:769. [PMID: 33167873 PMCID: PMC7654595 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight is determined by the interplay between infant genetics and the intrauterine environment and is associated with several health outcomes in later life. Many studies have reported an association between birth weight and DNA methylation in infants and suggest that altered epigenetics may underlie birthweight-associated health outcomes. However, birth weight is a relatively nonspecific measure of fetal growth and consists of fat mass and fat-free mass which may have different effects on health outcomes which motivates studies of infant body composition and DNA methylation. Here, we combined genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of buccal cells from 47 full-term one-week old infants with accurate measurements of infant fat mass and fat-free mass using air-displacement plethysmography. RESULTS No significant association was found between DNA methylation in infant buccal cells and infant body composition. Moreover, no association between infant DNA methylation and parental body composition or indicators of maternal glucose metabolism were found. CONCLUSIONS Despite accurate measures of body composition, we did not identify any associations between infant body fatness and DNA methylation. These results are consistent with recent studies that generally have identified only weak associations between DNA methylation and birthweight. Although our results should be confirmed by additional larger studies, our findings may suggest that differences in DNA methylation between individuals with low and high body fatness may be established later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Brodin
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Patrick Müller
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Forsum
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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12
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Smyrlaki I, Ekman M, Lentini A, Rufino de Sousa N, Papanicolaou N, Vondracek M, Aarum J, Safari H, Muradrasoli S, Rothfuchs AG, Albert J, Högberg B, Reinius B. Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4812. [PMID: 32968075 PMCID: PMC7511968 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is commonly diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viral RNA in patient samples, but RNA extraction constitutes a major bottleneck in current testing. Methodological simplification could increase diagnostic availability and efficiency, benefitting patient care and infection control. Here, we describe methods circumventing RNA extraction in COVID-19 testing by performing RT-PCR directly on heat-inactivated or lysed samples. Our data, including benchmarking using 597 clinical patient samples and a standardised diagnostic system, demonstrate that direct RT-PCR is viable option to extraction-based tests. Using controlled amounts of active SARS-CoV-2, we confirm effectiveness of heat inactivation by plaque assay and evaluate various generic buffers as transport medium for direct RT-PCR. Significant savings in time and cost are achieved through RNA-extraction-free protocols that are directly compatible with established PCR-based testing pipelines. This could aid expansion of COVID-19 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Smyrlaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ekman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Rufino de Sousa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natali Papanicolaou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Vondracek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Aarum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hamzah Safari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jan Albert
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Maucourant C, Filipovic I, Ponzetta A, Aleman S, Cornillet M, Hertwig L, Strunz B, Lentini A, Reinius B, Brownlie D, Cuapio A, Ask EH, Hull RM, Haroun-Izquierdo A, Schaffer M, Klingström J, Folkesson E, Buggert M, Sandberg JK, Eriksson LI, Rooyackers O, Ljunggren HG, Malmberg KJ, Michaëlsson J, Marquardt N, Hammer Q, Strålin K, Björkström NK. Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eabd6832. [PMID: 32826343 PMCID: PMC7665314 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding innate immune responses in COVID-19 is important to decipher mechanisms of host responses and interpret disease pathogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector lymphocytes that respond to acute viral infections but might also contribute to immunopathology. Using 28-color flow cytometry, we here reveal strong NK cell activation across distinct subsets in peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients. This pattern was mirrored in scRNA-seq signatures of NK cells in bronchoalveolar lavage from COVID-19 patients. Unsupervised high-dimensional analysis of peripheral blood NK cells furthermore identified distinct NK cell immunotypes that were linked to disease severity. Hallmarks of these immunotypes were high expression of perforin, NKG2C, and Ksp37, reflecting increased presence of adaptive NK cells in circulation of patients with severe disease. Finally, arming of CD56bright NK cells was observed across COVID-19 disease states, driven by a defined protein-protein interaction network of inflammatory soluble factors. This study provides a detailed map of the NK cell activation landscape in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Hertwig
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Demi Brownlie
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Cuapio
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eivind Heggernes Ask
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of .Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ryan M Hull
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Schaffer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars I Eriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department Clinical Interventions and Technology CLINTEC, Division for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of .Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Maucourant C, Filipovic I, Ponzetta A, Aleman S, Cornillet M, Hertwig L, Strunz B, Lentini A, Reinius B, Brownlie D, Cuapio A, Ask EH, Hull RM, Haroun-Izquierdo A, Schaffer M, Klingström J, Folkesson E, Buggert M, Sandberg JK, Eriksson LI, Rooyackers O, Ljunggren HG, Malmberg KJ, Michaëlsson J, Marquardt N, Hammer Q, Strålin K, Björkström NK. Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32826343 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding innate immune responses in COVID-19 is important to decipher mechanisms of host responses and interpret disease pathogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector lymphocytes that respond to acute viral infections but might also contribute to immunopathology. Using 28-color flow cytometry, we here reveal strong NK cell activation across distinct subsets in peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients. This pattern was mirrored in scRNA-seq signatures of NK cells in bronchoalveolar lavage from COVID-19 patients. Unsupervised high-dimensional analysis of peripheral blood NK cells furthermore identified distinct NK cell immunotypes that were linked to disease severity. Hallmarks of these immunotypes were high expression of perforin, NKG2C, and Ksp37, reflecting increased presence of adaptive NK cells in circulation of patients with severe disease. Finally, arming of CD56bright NK cells was observed across COVID-19 disease states, driven by a defined protein-protein interaction network of inflammatory soluble factors. This study provides a detailed map of the NK cell activation landscape in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Hertwig
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Demi Brownlie
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Cuapio
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eivind Heggernes Ask
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of .Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ryan M Hull
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Schaffer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars I Eriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department Clinical Interventions and Technology CLINTEC, Division for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of .Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Gawel DR, Serra-Musach J, Lilja S, Aagesen J, Arenas A, Asking B, Bengnér M, Björkander J, Biggs S, Ernerudh J, Hjortswang H, Karlsson JE, Köpsen M, Lee EJ, Lentini A, Li X, Magnusson M, Martínez-Enguita D, Matussek A, Nestor CE, Schäfer S, Seifert O, Sonmez C, Stjernman H, Tjärnberg A, Wu S, Åkesson K, Shalek AK, Stenmarker M, Zhang H, Gustafsson M, Benson M. Correction to: A validated single-cell-based strategy to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in complex diseases. Genome Med 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 32345376 PMCID: PMC7189719 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta R Gawel
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lilja
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Aagesen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Arenas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bengt Asking
- Department of Surgery, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Bengnér
- Office for Control of Communicable Diseases, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Janne Björkander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sophie Biggs
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Köpsen
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xinxiu Li
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Martínez-Enguita
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Clinical Microbiology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Schäfer
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ceylan Sonmez
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stjernman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tjärnberg
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Wu
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Åkesson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Department of Pediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Margaretha Stenmarker
- Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Department of Pediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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16
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Douvlataniotis K, Bensberg M, Lentini A, Gylemo B, Nestor CE. No evidence for DNA N 6-methyladenine in mammals. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay3335. [PMID: 32206710 PMCID: PMC7080441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
N 6-methyladenine (6mdA) is a widespread DNA modification in bacteria. More recently, 6mdA has also been characterized in mammalian DNA. However, measurements of 6mdA abundance and profiles are often very dissimilar between studies, even when performed on DNA from identical mammalian cell types. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of published data and novel experimental approaches, we reveal that efforts to assay 6mdA in mammals have been severely compromised by bacterial contamination, RNA contamination, technological limitations, and antibody nonspecificity. These complications render 6mdA an exceptionally problematic DNA modification to study and have resulted in erroneous detection of 6mdA in several mammalian systems. Together, our results strongly imply that the evidence published to date is not sufficient to support the presence of 6mdA in mammals.
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17
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Gawel DR, Serra-Musach J, Lilja S, Aagesen J, Arenas A, Asking B, Bengnér M, Björkander J, Biggs S, Ernerudh J, Hjortswang H, Karlsson JE, Köpsen M, Lee EJ, Lentini A, Li X, Magnusson M, Martínez-Enguita D, Matussek A, Nestor CE, Schäfer S, Seifert O, Sonmez C, Stjernman H, Tjärnberg A, Wu S, Åkesson K, Shalek AK, Stenmarker M, Zhang H, Gustafsson M, Benson M. A validated single-cell-based strategy to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in complex diseases. Genome Med 2019; 11:47. [PMID: 31358043 PMCID: PMC6664760 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic medicine has paved the way for identifying biomarkers and therapeutically actionable targets for complex diseases, but is complicated by the involvement of thousands of variably expressed genes across multiple cell types. Single-cell RNA-sequencing study (scRNA-seq) allows the characterization of such complex changes in whole organs. Methods The study is based on applying network tools to organize and analyze scRNA-seq data from a mouse model of arthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis, in order to find diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Diagnostic validation studies were performed using expression profiling data and potential protein biomarkers from prospective clinical studies of 13 diseases. A candidate drug was examined by a treatment study of a mouse model of arthritis, using phenotypic, immunohistochemical, and cellular analyses as read-outs. Results We performed the first systematic analysis of pathways, potential biomarkers, and drug targets in scRNA-seq data from a complex disease, starting with inflamed joints and lymph nodes from a mouse model of arthritis. We found the involvement of hundreds of pathways, biomarkers, and drug targets that differed greatly between cell types. Analyses of scRNA-seq and GWAS data from human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) supported a similar dispersion of pathogenic mechanisms in different cell types. Thus, systems-level approaches to prioritize biomarkers and drugs are needed. Here, we present a prioritization strategy that is based on constructing network models of disease-associated cell types and interactions using scRNA-seq data from our mouse model of arthritis, as well as human RA, which we term multicellular disease models (MCDMs). We find that the network centrality of MCDM cell types correlates with the enrichment of genes harboring genetic variants associated with RA and thus could potentially be used to prioritize cell types and genes for diagnostics and therapeutics. We validated this hypothesis in a large-scale study of patients with 13 different autoimmune, allergic, infectious, malignant, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as a therapeutic study of the mouse arthritis model. Conclusions Overall, our results support that our strategy has the potential to help prioritize diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-019-0657-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta R Gawel
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lilja
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Aagesen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Arenas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bengt Asking
- Department of Surgery, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Bengnér
- Office for Control of Communicable Diseases, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Janne Björkander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sophie Biggs
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Köpsen
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xinxiu Li
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Martínez-Enguita
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Clinical Microbiology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Schäfer
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ceylan Sonmez
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stjernman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tjärnberg
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Wu
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Åkesson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Department of Pediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Margaretha Stenmarker
- Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Department of Pediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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18
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Doumpas N, Lampart F, Robinson MD, Lentini A, Nestor CE, Cantù C, Basler K. TCF/LEF dependent and independent transcriptional regulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.201798873. [PMID: 30425074 PMCID: PMC6331726 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During canonical Wnt signalling, the activity of nuclear β-catenin is largely mediated by the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors. To challenge this view, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach to generate HEK 293T cell clones lacking all four TCF/LEF genes. By performing unbiased whole transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that a subset of β-catenin transcriptional targets did not require TCF/LEF factors for their regulation. Consistent with this finding, we observed in a genome-wide analysis that β-catenin occupied specific genomic regions in the absence of TCF/LEF Finally, we revealed the existence of a transcriptional activity of β-catenin that specifically appears when TCF/LEF factors are absent, and refer to this as β-catenin-GHOST response. Collectively, this study uncovers a previously neglected modus operandi of β-catenin that bypasses the TCF/LEF transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Doumpas
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lampart
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lentini
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Lentini A, Mura A, Muscas E, Nuvoli MT, Cocco A. Effects of delayed mating on the reproductive biology of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bull Entomol Res 2018; 108:263-270. [PMID: 28803567 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531700075x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of increasing mating delay on the reproductive performance and population growth rates of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was investigated under laboratory conditions. Virgin females were mated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence and reproductive and life table parameters were estimated. The pre-oviposition period (number of days between mating and the onset of oviposition) significantly decreased in females mated within 7 days, whereas females mated at older ages showed equivalent pre-oviposition periods (7 days, as shorter delays in mating did not reduce the population growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Dipartimento di Agraria,Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia,University of Sassari,Viale Italia 39,07100 Sassari,Italy
| | - A Mura
- Dipartimento di Agraria,Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia,University of Sassari,Viale Italia 39,07100 Sassari,Italy
| | - E Muscas
- Dipartimento di Agraria,Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia,University of Sassari,Viale Italia 39,07100 Sassari,Italy
| | - M T Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria,Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia,University of Sassari,Viale Italia 39,07100 Sassari,Italy
| | - A Cocco
- Dipartimento di Agraria,Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia,University of Sassari,Viale Italia 39,07100 Sassari,Italy
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20
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Meehan RR, Thomson JP, Lentini A, Nestor CE, Pennings S. DNA methylation as a genomic marker of exposure to chemical and environmental agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:48-56. [PMID: 29505975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in interpreting comprehensive genetic and epigenetic profiles for human cellular states has contributed new insights into the developmental origins of disease, elucidated novel signalling pathways and enhanced drug discovery programs. A similar comprehensive approach to decoding the epigenetic readouts from chemical challenges in vivo would yield new paradigms for monitoring and assessing environmental exposure in model systems and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping SE 58183, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping SE 58183, Sweden.
| | - Sari Pennings
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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21
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Kerfant N, Lentini A, Le Nen D, Henry AS, Ta P, Trimaille A, Hu W. [Pediatric lower extremity reconstruction]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2016; 61:536-542. [PMID: 27427445 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lower limb multi-tissular injuries are rare in children but require elaborate surgical care considering the child's growth potential, donor-site morbidity and the psychological consequences for the child and his family. This review outlines the various coverage options, from simple to more complex, developing their principles and their results. Technical features of wound repair of the lower limb in children will be detailed. An efficient and ambitious care can give excellent functional outcomes in children, even when extended, multi-tissue lesions members are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kerfant
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France.
| | - A Lentini
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - D Le Nen
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - A-S Henry
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - P Ta
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - A Trimaille
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - W Hu
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
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22
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Gustafsson M, Gawel DR, Alfredsson L, Baranzini S, Björkander J, Blomgran R, Hellberg S, Eklund D, Ernerudh J, Kockum I, Konstantinell A, Lahesmaa R, Lentini A, Liljenström HRI, Mattson L, Matussek A, Mellergård J, Mendez M, Olsson T, Pujana MA, Rasool O, Serra-Musach J, Stenmarker M, Tripathi S, Viitala M, Wang H, Zhang H, Nestor CE, Benson M. A validated gene regulatory network and GWAS identifies early regulators of T cell-associated diseases. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:313ra178. [PMID: 26560356 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early regulators of disease may increase understanding of disease mechanisms and serve as markers for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment. However, early regulators are difficult to identify because patients generally present after they are symptomatic. We hypothesized that early regulators of T cell-associated diseases could be found by identifying upstream transcription factors (TFs) in T cell differentiation and by prioritizing hub TFs that were enriched for disease-associated polymorphisms. A gene regulatory network (GRN) was constructed by time series profiling of the transcriptomes and methylomes of human CD4(+) T cells during in vitro differentiation into four helper T cell lineages, in combination with sequence-based TF binding predictions. The TFs GATA3, MAF, and MYB were identified as early regulators and validated by ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) and small interfering RNA knockdowns. Differential mRNA expression of the TFs and their targets in T cell-associated diseases supports their clinical relevance. To directly test if the TFs were altered early in disease, T cells from patients with two T cell-mediated diseases, multiple sclerosis and seasonal allergic rhinitis, were analyzed. Strikingly, the TFs were differentially expressed during asymptomatic stages of both diseases, whereas their targets showed altered expression during symptomatic stages. This analytical strategy to identify early regulators of disease by combining GRNs with genome-wide association studies may be generally applicable for functional and clinical studies of early disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Gustafsson
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Danuta R Gawel
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sergio Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Janne Björkander
- Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, County Council of Jönköping, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Hellberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet and Centrum for Molecular Medicine, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aelita Konstantinell
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Riita Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Antonio Lentini
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Robert I Liljenström
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina Mattson
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, County Council of Jönköping, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Mellergård
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Melissa Mendez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima PE-15102, Peru
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet and Centrum for Molecular Medicine, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, ES-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, ES-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margaretha Stenmarker
- Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, County Council of Jönköping, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Subhash Tripathi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miro Viitala
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hui Wang
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colm E Nestor
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- The Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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23
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Nestor CE, Lentini A, Hägg Nilsson C, Gawel DR, Gustafsson M, Mattson L, Wang H, Rundquist O, Meehan RR, Klocke B, Seifert M, Hauck SM, Laumen H, Zhang H, Benson M. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Remodeling Precedes Lineage Specification during Differentiation of Human CD4(+) T Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 16:559-570. [PMID: 27346350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (5mC) is converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the TET family of enzymes as part of a recently discovered active DNA de-methylation pathway. 5hmC plays important roles in regulation of gene expression and differentiation and has been implicated in T cell malignancies and autoimmunity. Here, we report early and widespread 5mC/5hmC remodeling during human CD4(+) T cell differentiation ex vivo at genes and cell-specific enhancers with known T cell function. We observe similar DNA de-methylation in CD4(+) memory T cells in vivo, indicating that early remodeling events persist long term in differentiated cells. Underscoring their important function, 5hmC loci were highly enriched for genetic variants associated with T cell diseases and T-cell-specific chromosomal interactions. Extensive functional validation of 22 risk variants revealed potentially pathogenic mechanisms in diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Our results support 5hmC-mediated DNA de-methylation as a key component of CD4(+) T cell biology in humans, with important implications for gene regulation and lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm E Nestor
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cathrine Hägg Nilsson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Danuta R Gawel
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina Mattson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Olof Rundquist
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, MRI and ZIEL, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Huan Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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24
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Nestor CE, Ottaviano R, Reinhardt D, Cruickshanks HA, Mjoseng HK, McPherson RC, Lentini A, Thomson JP, Dunican DS, Pennings S, Anderton SM, Benson M, Meehan RR. Rapid reprogramming of epigenetic and transcriptional profiles in mammalian culture systems. Genome Biol 2015; 16:11. [PMID: 25648825 PMCID: PMC4334405 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The DNA methylation profiles of mammalian cell lines differ from those of the primary tissues from which they were derived, exhibiting increasing divergence from the in vivo methylation profile with extended time in culture. Few studies have directly examined the initial epigenetic and transcriptional consequences of adaptation of primary mammalian cells to culture, and the potential mechanisms through which this epigenetic dysregulation occurs is unknown. Results We demonstrate that adaptation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to cell culture results in a rapid reprogramming of epigenetic and transcriptional states. We observed global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) erasure within three days of culture initiation. Loss of genic 5hmC was independent of global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels and could be partially rescued by addition of vitamin C. Significantly, 5hmC loss was not linked to concomitant changes in transcription. Discrete promoter-specific gains of 5mC were also observed within seven days of culture initiation. Against this background of global 5hmC loss we identified a handful of developmentally important genes that maintained their 5hmC profile in culture, including the imprinted loci Gnas and H19. Similar outcomes were identified in the adaption of CD4+ T cells to culture. Conclusions We report a dramatic and novel consequence of adaptation of mammalian cells to culture in which global loss of 5hmC occurs, suggesting rapid concomitant loss of methylcytosine dioxygenase activity. The observed epigenetic and transcriptional re-programming occurs much earlier than previously assumed, and has significant implications for the use of cell lines as faithful mimics of in vivo epigenetic and physiological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0576-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm E Nestor
- Centre for Individualised Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden. .,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Raffaele Ottaviano
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Diana Reinhardt
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Hazel A Cruickshanks
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Heidi K Mjoseng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Rhoanne C McPherson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Antonio Lentini
- Centre for Individualised Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden.
| | - John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Donncha S Dunican
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Sari Pennings
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Individualised Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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25
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Nestor CE, Barrenäs F, Wang H, Lentini A, Zhang H, Bruhn S, Jörnsten R, Langston MA, Rogers G, Gustafsson M, Benson M. DNA methylation changes separate allergic patients from healthy controls and may reflect altered CD4+ T-cell population structure. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004059. [PMID: 24391521 PMCID: PMC3879208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T-cells indicate the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. However, the identification of these alterations is complicated by the heterogeneity of most inflammatory diseases. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is an optimal disease model for the study of DNA methylation because of its well-defined phenotype and etiology. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation (Npatients = 8, Ncontrols = 8) and gene expression (Npatients = 9, Ncontrols = 10) profiles of CD4+ T-cells from SAR patients and healthy controls using Illumina's HumanMethylation450 and HT-12 microarrays, respectively. DNA methylation profiles clearly and robustly distinguished SAR patients from controls, during and outside the pollen season. In agreement with previously published studies, gene expression profiles of the same samples failed to separate patients and controls. Separation by methylation (Npatients = 12, Ncontrols = 12), but not by gene expression (Npatients = 21, Ncontrols = 21) was also observed in an in vitro model system in which purified PBMCs from patients and healthy controls were challenged with allergen. We observed changes in the proportions of memory T-cell populations between patients (Npatients = 35) and controls (Ncontrols = 12), which could explain the observed difference in DNA methylation. Our data highlight the potential of epigenomics in the stratification of immune disease and represents the first successful molecular classification of SAR using CD4+ T cells. T-cells, a type of white blood cell, are an important part of the immune-system in humans. T-cells allow us to adapt our immune-response to the various infectious agents we encounter during life. However, T-cells can also cause disease when they target the body's own cells, e.g. Psoriasis, or when they react to a harmless particle or ‘antigen’, i.e. allergy. Much evidence supports an environmental, or ‘epigenetic’, component to allergy. Surprisingly, although allergy is viewed as a T-cell disease with an epigenetic component, no studies have identified epigenetic differences between healthy individuals and allergic individuals. Using a state-of-the-art genome-wide approach, we found that we could clearly and robustly separate allergic patients from healthy controls. It is often assumed that these changes reflect changes in DNA methylation in a given type of cell; however such differences can also result from different mixtures of T-cell subtypes in the samples. Indeed, we found that allergic patients had different proportions of T-cell sub-types compared to healthy controls. These changes in T-cell proportions may explain the difference in DNA methylation profile we observed between patients and controls. Our study is the first successful molecular classification of allergy using CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm E. Nestor
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sören Bruhn
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Jörnsten
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Langston
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gary Rogers
- National Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Zhang H, Nestor CE, Zhao S, Lentini A, Bohle B, Benson M, Wang H. Profiling of human CD4+ T-cell subsets identifies the TH2-specific noncoding RNA GATA3-AS1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1005-8. [PMID: 23870669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; CIMed, Centre for Individualised Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Aguggia M, Cavallini M, Divito N, Ferrero M, Lentini A, Montano V, Tinebra MC, Saracco MG, Valfrè W. Sleep and primary headaches. Neurol Sci 2011; 32 Suppl 1:S51-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mazzette R, Colleo M, Riu G, Piras G, Piras F, Addis M, Pes M, Pirisi A, Meloni D, Mureddu A, Spada S, Fiori M, Coinu M, Lentini A. PRODUCTION UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS OF “CASU MARZU” CHEESE: EFFECT OF THE Piophila Casei COLONIZATION ON MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CHEESES. Ital J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2010.7.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dini L, Creti P, Giulio AD, Marzio LD, Falasca L, Lentini A, Mossa G, Finazzi-Agro A. Liposome Internalization by Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109309150747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Lentini A, Provenzano B, Tabolacci C, Beninati S. Protein-polyamine conjugates by transglutaminase 2 as potential markers for antineoplastic screening of natural compounds. Amino Acids 2008; 36:701-8. [PMID: 18696180 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of post-translational modification of cell proteins with polyamines, a reaction catalyzed by a tissue tranglutaminase (TG, EC 2.3.2.13), in the induction of cell differentiation, represents an intriguing strategy to control cell proliferation and metastatic ability of different tumor cell lines. In this review, we focus our attention on the metabolic aspects of some natural compounds (methylxantines, retinoids and flavonoids) responsible of their antitumor effects exerted through the induction of TG activity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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31
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Lentini A, Fornengo P, Bosco G, Caprioli M, Destefanis E, Cerrato P. Cryptogenic cerebral infarction in a young patient with very high lipoprotein(a) serum level as the only risk factor. Neurol Sci 2007; 28:42-4. [PMID: 17385095 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-007-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a plasma lipoprotein that consists of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle containing APO B-100 and apolipoprotein(a), linked by a disulphide bridge. There is evidence that higher serum level of Lp(a) is a predictor of various vascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, coronary stenosis, re-occlusion of aortocoronary bypass vein grafts, peripheral atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction [1-4]. We describe a young man with a cryptogenic stroke with very high serum level of Lp(a) as the only vascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- First Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126 Turin, Italy.
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Lentini A, Mattioli P, Provenzano B, Abbruzzese A, Caraglia M, Beninati S. Role of the FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase in the selective formation of N(1),N(8)-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine protein cross-links(1). Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:396-400. [PMID: 17371285 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound gamma-glutamylpolyamines have highlighted a new pathway in polyamine metabolism. Human foreskin keratinocytes offer a suitable model for this study. Indeed, they develop polymerized envelopes, as they differentiate, rich in epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine and N(1),N(8)-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine cross-links. We have found that the selective oxidation of N(1)-(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine and N-(gamma-glutamyl)spermine by FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase (PAO) may be one of the cellular mechanisms regulating the preferential formation of a sterically defined bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine cross-link. The significance of this finding is unknown, but it suggests that the target of this PAO-modulation is to achieve the biochemical prerequisite for production of a normal epidermal stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Lentini A, Provenzano B, Caraglia M, Shevchenko A, Abbruzzese A, Beninati S. Impairment of the metastatic activity of melanoma cells by transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of polyamines into laminin and Matrigel. Amino Acids 2007; 34:251-6. [PMID: 17356804 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously published evidences highlighted the effect of transglutaminase (TG, EC 2.3.2.13) activation on the reduction of the in vitro adhesive and invasive behaviour of murine B16-F10 melanoma cells, as well as in vivo. Here, we investigated the influence of spermidine (SPD) incorporation by TG into basement membrane components i.e. laminin (LN) or Matrigel (MG), on the adhesion and invasion of B16-F10 melanoma cells by these TG/SPD-modified substrates. The adhesion assays showed that cell binding to the TG/SPD-modified LN was reduced by 30%, when compared to untreated LN, whereas the reduction obtained using TG/SPD-modified MG was 35%. Similarly, tumor cell invasion by the Boyden chamber system through TG/SPD modified LN or MG was respectively reduced by 45%, and by 69%. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase (gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities by gel-zymography showed that MMP-2 activity was unaffected, while MMP-9 activity was reduced by about 32% using TG/SPD-modified substrate. These results strongly suggest that the observed antiinvasive effect of TG activation in the host may be ascribed to the covalent incorporation of polyamines, which led to the post-translational modification of some components of the cell basement membrane. This modification may interfere with the metastatic property of melanoma cells, affecting the proteolytic activity necessary for their migration and invasion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Cerrato P, Grasso M, Lentini A, Destefanis E, Bosco G, Caprioli M, Bradac GB, Bergui M. Atherosclerotic adult Moya-Moya disease in a patient with hyperhomocysteinaemia. Neurol Sci 2007; 28:45-7. [PMID: 17385096 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-007-0748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Moya-Moya is a rare cerebrovascular occlusive disease characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain, named "moya-moya". In children, Moya-Moya disease usually presents with ischemic cerebrovascular events, mainly TIA or lacunar stroke, leading to mental deterioration. In adults, especially in females, it presents with intracranial haemorrhages. We describe the case of an adult patient with an atherosclerotic Moya-Moya disease which presented with a cerebral borderzone infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126 Turin, Italy.
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Lentini A, Forni C, Provenzano B, Beninati S. Enhancement of transglutaminase activity and polyamine depletion in B16-F10 melanoma cells by flavonoids naringenin and hesperitin correlate to reduction of the in vivo metastatic potential. Amino Acids 2006; 32:95-100. [PMID: 16699821 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo effects of two flavonons, naringenin (NG) and hesperitin (HP) on the proliferation rate of highly metastatic murine B16-F10 melanoma cell were investigated. NG or HP treatment of melanoma cells produced a remarkable reduction of cell proliferation, paralleled with both the lowering of the intracellular levels of polyamine, spermidine and spermine and the enhancement of transglutaminase (TGase, EC 2.3.2.13) activity. Orally administered NG or HP in C57BL6/N mice inoculated with B16-F10 cells affected the pulmonary invasion of melanoma cells in an in vivo metastatic assay. The number of lung metastases detected by a computerized image analyzer was reduced, compared to untreated animals, by about 69% in NG-treated mice and by about 36% in HP-treated mice. Survival studies showed that 50% of the NG-treated animals died 38 +/- 3.1 days after tumor cell injection (control group: 18 +/- 1.5 days) and HP-treated mice died 27 +/- 2.3 days after cell inoculation. Taken together, these findings provide further evidences for the potential anticancer properties of dietary flavonoids as chemopreventive agents against malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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36
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Cerrato P, Lentini A, Baima C, Grasso M, Azzaro C, Bosco G, Destefanis E, Benna P, Bergui M, Bergamasco B. Hypogeusia and hearing loss in a patient with an inferior collicular infarction. Neurology 2005; 65:1840-1. [PMID: 16344541 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187083.90889.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
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Caraglia M, Beninati S, Giuberti G, D'Alessandro AM, Lentini A, Abbruzzese A, Bove G, Landolfi F, Rossi F, Lampa E, Costantino M. Alternative therapy of earth elements increases the chondroprotective effects of chondroitin sulfate in mice. Exp Mol Med 2005; 37:476-81. [PMID: 16264272 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2005.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of mineral sulphur water is an alternative experimental approach for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), that cause the degeneration of bone and cartilage and sufferance to the patients. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a symptomatic slow acting nutropeucital agent currently used in molecular therapy of OA. Therefore, we have studied the role and efficacy of the selective soil paste from the mineral sulphur enriched spring (mud)-therapy alone or in combination with CS in the treatment of OA. The study was performed on 40 C57 Black 6N mice, an experimental model which spontaneously develop an osteoarthritic process. The animals were divided in 4 groups and were treated with the single agents or with the combination. After 30 days of treatment all the mice were sacrificed and right knees and blood were collected. It was found that CS determined a reduction of radiological and histological features of chondrodegeneration and that mud-therapy increased the effects of CS in the animal group treated with the combination. However, the effects of thermal therapy alone were not statistically significant. Since OA is characterized by an increase of the production of nitric oxide (NO) by chondrocytes in extracellular matrix with its consequent elevation in serum and synovial fluid, we have evaluated the effects of the treatments on serum NO levels. CS alone induced a statistically significant reduction of NO serum levels (90+/-13 micromM vs 219+/-60 microM of control group, P<0.05) while mud-therapy alone induced a not statistically significant reduction of serum NO (170+/-62 microM, P>0.05). However, the latter strongly potentiated the decrease of serum NO induced by CS (31+/-1.5 microM) with a high statistical significance if compared to both the control group (P<0.01) and the CS-treated group (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mud-therapy with sulphur mineral water could represent an important phase of the therapeutic strategy of OA. This experimental strategy could integrate and potentiate the standard pharmacological tools. Moreover, we have set a valid experimental in vivo model for the study of the thermal effects on the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caraglia
- Specialty School of Medical Hydrology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacological Division, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16-80138-Naples, Italy
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Cerrato P, Baima C, Grasso M, Lentini A, Bosco G, Cassader M, Gambino R, Cavallo Perin P, Pagano G, Fornengo P, Imperiale D, Bergamasco B, Bruno G. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Stroke Subtypes in an Italian Cohort. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 20:264-9. [PMID: 16123547 DOI: 10.1159/000087709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-epsilon4 is a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD), but the existence of this association is still controversial. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare ApoE genotype and allele frequencies in Italian cases with ICVD and in healthy control subjects and (2) to compare ApoE allele frequencies among ischemic stroke subtypes. METHODS A hospital-based cohort of 302 Italian subjects with ICVD and 228 healthy subjects have been recruited to investigate the role of ApoE polymorphisms as risk factors for ICVD. TOAST criteria were employed to stratify ICVD cases by subtypes. RESULTS No significant differences in ApoE genotype and allele frequencies were found between cases and control subjects. The frequency of ApoE-epsilon4 was lower in cases than in control subjects (6% vs. 10.1%), although not significantly. No differences in ApoE genotype and allele frequencies were evident among ICVD subtypes. However, out of 36 ApoE-epsilon4 alleles 23 (3.7%) were found in subjects with ICVD related to primary degenerative arterial disease related to large vessel disease and small vessel disease, and 13 (2.1%) in remaining subjects. Using logistic regression analysis we assessed whether ApoE-epsilon4 allele was independently associated with risk of ICVD related to a primary degenerative arterial disease compared to other ICVD subtypes. While classical risk factors were significantly associated with higher risk for ICVD due to large vessel disease and small vessel disease than other ICVD subtypes, the role of ApoE-epsilon4 allele was not significant (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.57-2.74). CONCLUSION Our study shows similar ApoE-epsilon4 genotype and allele frequencies in patients with ICVD and in control subjects. No differences were found among different ICVD subtypes either.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Cerrato P, Baima C, Bergui M, Grasso M, Lentini A, Giraudo M, Azzaro C, Bergamasco B. Restricted pain and thermal sensory loss in a patient with pontine lacunar infarction: a clinical MRI study. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12:564-5. [PMID: 15958098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pure sensory syndrome (PSS) is characterized by hemisensory symptoms without other major neurological signs. It was initially attributed to thalamic lacunar infarction, but several reports have shown the PSS can be due to small infarcts involving the posterior part of the internal capsula, the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. Paramedian and lateral pontine infarctions are associated respectively with lemniscal and spinothalmic (ST) sensory impairment. We describe a patient with an isolated impairment of the ST modalities caused by a segmental paramedian pontine infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- First Division of Neurology, Service of Neuroradiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Cerrato P, Lentini A, Baima C, Grasso M, Azzaro C, Bosco G, Bergamasco B, Benna P. Pseudo-ulnar sensory loss in a patient from a small cortical infarct of the postcentral knob. Neurology 2005; 64:1981-2. [PMID: 15955963 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000163854.99644.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- First Division of Neurology, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Cerrato P, Giraudo M, Baima C, Grasso M, Azzaro C, Lentini A, Perozzo P, Doveil G, Bergamasco B. Asymptomatic white matter ischemic lesions in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Neurol 2005; 252:848-9. [PMID: 15765271 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-0757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cerrato P, Grasso M, Azzaro C, Baima C, Lentini A, Giraudo M, Montalenti E, Bergamasco B. Palatal myoclonus in a patient with a lateral thalamic infarction. Neurology 2005; 64:924-5. [PMID: 15753445 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000152870.07073.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- First Division of Neurology and Foundation S. Maugeri (Pavia), University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Maugeri D, Mamazza C, Lo Giudice F, Puglisi N, Muscoso EG, Rizzotto M, Testaì M, Bennati E, Lentini A, Panebianco P. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004; 40:299-305. [PMID: 15814163 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 10/03/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This survey covered 60 post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. The patients were divided into three equal groups, and each group was treated with one of the three so-called anti-resorptive drugs, namely alendronate (10 mg/day) risedronate (5 mg/day) and raloxifene (60 mg/day) for 12 months. The Elisa technique was used to measure circulating IL-18 and MMP-9. Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) levels were determined by using dexa mineralometry (Lunar DPX) at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. The results showed comparable responses of the patients treated with alendronate or risedronate, being a significant increase in BMD, an increase in circulating IL-18, and only slight modifications in circulating MMP-9 levels. After 12 months of treatment with raloxifene, there were minimal, non-significant increases in BMD, slight modifications in IL-18 levels, and a significant reduction in circulating MMP-9 levels. The conclusions can be drawn that all three drugs, albeit through different mechanisms, can be considered valid treatments for post-menopausal osteoporosis. Although measurements of circulating IL-8 and MMP-9 levels allowed us to differentiate the effects of the three drugs used, as of today, they have no real role in the diagnosis and/or follow-up of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maugeri
- Department of Senescent, Urological and Neurourological Sciences, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina, 829, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
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Cerrato P, Grasso M, Azzaro C, Baima C, Giraudo M, Rizzuto A, Lentini A, Perozzo P, Bergamasco B, Sorrentino G. Transient compulsive hyperphagia in a patient with a thalamic infarct. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1364-5. [PMID: 15314140 PMCID: PMC1739233 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.027607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Cerrato P, Grasso M, Imperiale D, Priano L, Baima C, Giraudo M, Rizzuto A, Azzaro C, Lentini A, Bergamasco B. Stroke in Young Patients: Etiopathogenesis and Risk Factors in Different Age Classes. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 18:154-9. [PMID: 15256790 DOI: 10.1159/000079735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the etiopathogenesis and the vascular risk factors in a consecutive series of patients with juvenile ischemic stroke. We enrolled 273 patients (158 males and 115 females), aged between 16 and 49 years, with ischemic cerebrovascular events (ICVE), including transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, referred to our neurology ward between January 1994 and December 2001. Our protocol included medical history, cardiac and neurological examinations, assessment of risk factors and laboratory tests. The instrumental assessment included transthoracic echocardiography (70%), transesophageal echocardiography (60%), conventional angiography (30%), MR angiography (30%), cranial computed tomography (100%) and brain MRI (48%). The ICVE was a stroke in 60% of the cases, a reversible ischemic neurologic deficit in 14% and a TIA in 26%. Thirty-three patients were aged less than 29, 59 were aged between 30 and 39 and 181 between 40 and 49. The percentage of females was higher in patients aged less than 29 while males were prevalent in the 4th and 5th decade. The patients were subtyped according to etiopathogenesis. A large-vessel disease (LVD) was diagnosed in 43 patients (16% of the cases), mostly in patients aged more than 40 years (36 cases). A small-vessel disease (SVD) was found in 48 patients (17% of cases), mostly in patients aged more than 40 years (41 cases). A cardioembolic stroke (CE) was diagnosed in 66 patients (24% of the cases). In the majority of the cases, the cardiopathies were at low-uncertain embolic risk: patent foramen ovale (PFO, 39 cases, in 8 patients associated with an atrial septal aneurism), atrial septal aneurism (12 cases) and myxomatous mitral valve prolapse (3 cases). Stroke due to other causes was found in 51 patients (19% of the cases). Arterial dissection, more frequently involving the carotid region, was diagnosed in 35 patients. Coagulopathies and vasculitis were found in 5 and 6 patients, respectively. Stroke of unknown etiology was found in 65 patients (24% of the cases) with a homogeneous distribution among decades. Our study highlights the role of minor cardiac sources of embolism and arterial dissection in the etiology of juvenile ischemic stroke, whereas coagulopathies and vasculitis are less relevant. LVD and SVD were relevant only in the 5th decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- First Division of Neurology, University of Turin, IT-10126 Turin, Italy.
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46
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Caraglia M, Vitale G, Marra M, Del Prete S, Lentini A, Budillon A, Beninati S, Abbruzzese A. Translational and post-translational modifications of proteins as a new mechanism of action of alpha-interferon: review article. Amino Acids 2004; 26:409-17. [PMID: 15290347 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-004-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is a recombinant protein widely used in the therapy of several neoplasms such as myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, epidermoid cervical and head and neck tumours and melanoma. IFNalpha, the first cytokine to be produced by recombinant DNA technology, has emerged as an important regulator of cancer cell growth and differentiation, affecting cellular communication and signal transduction pathways. However, the way by which tumour cell growth is directly suppressed by IFNalpha is not well known. Wide evidence exists on the possibility that cancer cells undergo apoptosis after the exposure to the cytokine. Here we will discuss data obtained by us and others on the post-translational regulation of the expression of proteins involved in the occurrence of apoptotic process such as tissue transglutaminase (tTG) or in the modulation of cell cycle such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. This new way of regulation of p27 and tTG occurs through the modulation of their proteasome-dependent degradation induced by the cytokine. We will also review the involvement of protein synthesis machinery in the induction of cell growth inhibition by IFNalpha. In details, we will describe the effects of IFNalpha on the expression and activity of the protein kinase dependent from dsRNA (PKR) and on the eukaryotic initiation factor of protein synthesis 5A (eIF-5A) and their correlations with the regulation of cancer cell growth. These data strongly suggest that the antitumour activity of IFNalpha against human tumours could involve still unexplored mechanisms based on post-translational and translational control of the expression of proteins that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caraglia
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biofisica, Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
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47
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Lentini A, Abbruzzese A, Caraglia M, Marra M, Beninati S. Protein-polyamine conjugation by transglutaminase in cancer cell differentiation: review article. Amino Acids 2004; 26:331-7. [PMID: 15290338 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-004-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable and intense progress has been made in the understanding of the chemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of transglutaminases (TGases: EC 2.3.2.13). The knowledge that very different processes such as cell growth, reproduction and death are dependent on the presence of adequate levels of these enzymes and that the amount of both free and protein-conjugated polyamines, formed by the enzyme, are capable of modulating the differentiation and proliferative capability of several cell types, has prompted a multitude of researchers to study the role of these fascinating molecules in cancer cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lentini
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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48
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Maugeri D, Panebianco P, Rosso D, Calanna A, Speciale S, Santangelo A, Rizza I, Motta M, Lentini A, Malaguarnera M. Alendronate reduces the daily consumption of insulin (DCI) in patients with senile type I diabetes and osteoporosis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004; 34:117-22. [PMID: 14764315 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(01)00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2001] [Revised: 07/19/2001] [Accepted: 09/17/2001] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of Alendronate for the treatment of senile diabetes with osteopenia or osteoporosis is a common practice today, although the reasons for the success of this treatment are not completely understood. We investigated 40 elderly female patients, over 70 years of age, divided in two Groups (A and B) 20 cases of each, with insulin-dependent senile diabetes and fair metabolic balance, with an average disease duration of 30 +/- 4 years. They all had osteoporosis shown by the mean T-score of bone mineral densitometry. The Groups were treated as follows, Group A with 10 mg/day of Alendronate per os, with morning fasting plus a supplementation of calcium and vitamin D3, while the Group B received only calcium and vitamin D3 per os. Bone mineral density (BMD) expressed in mg/cm2, and in terms of T-score and Z-score at the spine (L1-L4) was monitored over time after 12 and 24 months, using dexa technique with a Lunar DPX densitometer. Moreover, the variation of daily consumption of insulin (DCI) of all the study population was calculated 12 and 24 months after the start of treatments. The data of Group A showed an improvement of osteoporosis, as evidenced by the increase of BMD at both times of measurement, accompanied by a significant reduction in the DCI (-21.6% by the 12th month, and -36.2% by the end of the observation period). In the Group B only small, statistically insignificant changes were observed in both the BMD and DCI. The most plausible explanation of reduction of DCI in Group A seems to be that Alendronate has improved the clinical symptoms of osteoporosis (pain, rigidity, and reduction of movements) through its action on the bone mass recovery and slowing down the bone turnover and under these conditions the diabetic patients improved their own physical performance. The better and more extensive movements certainly produced a reduction in the DCI, since a correct and adequate physical activity does contribute to an improved glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maugeri
- Department of Senescent, Urological and Neurological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy.
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Maugeri D, Bonanno MR, Speciale S, Santangelo A, Lentini A, Russo MS, Calanna A, Malaguarnera M, Motta M, Testai' M, Panebianco P. The leptin, a new hormone of adipose tissue: clinical findings and perspectives in geriatrics. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004; 34:47-54. [PMID: 14764310 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(01)00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2001] [Revised: 07/25/2001] [Accepted: 07/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has gained a great importance during the last decades, and this fact stimulated numerous studies regarding the genetic causes of this disease. A recently discovered new molecule, called leptin, raised a wide interest. It is a product of the adipocytes, it exerts inhibitory effects on the center of appetite and increases the energy expenditure of the organism. The present study evaluated blood leptin levels in 57 elderly subjects and searched for eventual correlations between this parameter and the age, the body mass index (BMI), the fat body mass (fat%), the waist (W) and hip (H) circumference, as well as the ratio (R) of these latter two values (WHR). Blood leptin levels do not correlate with age, body height and the WHR, but display significant positive correlations with the body weight, the BMI, the fat%, the W, H and WHR. A deeper knowledge on leptin and the correlations of this hormone with other body parameters might be helpful in a better understanding of several pathogenetic mechanisms related to aging and involved in a deterioration of the quality of life in elderly, like multiple atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemias).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maugeri
- Department of Senescent, Urological and Neurological Sciences, Catania University, Via Messina, 829, I-95126, Catania, Italy.
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Cerrato P, Imperiale D, Bergui M, Giraudo M, Baima C, Grasso M, Lentini A, Bergamasco B. Emotional facial paresis in a patient with a lateral medullary infarction. Neurology 2003; 60:723-4. [PMID: 12601125 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000048564.05351.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Cerrato
- First Division of Neurology, University of Torino, Italy.
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