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Fang C, Pan X, Li D, Chen W, Huang Y, Chen Y, Li L, Gao Q, Liang X, Li D, Zhu X, Yan X. Distinct roles of Kif6 and Kif9 in mammalian ciliary trafficking and motility. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202312060. [PMID: 39158699 PMCID: PMC11334332 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202312060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciliary beat and intraflagellar transport depend on dynein and kinesin motors. The kinesin-9 family members Kif6 and Kif9 are implicated in motile cilia motilities across protists and mammals. How they function and whether they act redundantly, however, remain unclear. Here, we show that Kif6 and Kif9 play distinct roles in mammals. Kif6 forms puncta that move bidirectionally along axonemes, whereas Kif9 appears to oscillate regionally on the ciliary central apparatus. Consistently, only Kif6 displays microtubule-based motor activity in vitro, and its ciliary localization requires its ATPase activity. Kif6 deficiency in mice disrupts coordinated ciliary beat across ependymal tissues and impairs cerebrospinal fluid flow, resulting in severe hydrocephalus and high mortality. Kif9 deficiency causes mild hydrocephalus without obviously affecting the ciliary beat or the lifespan. Kif6-/- and Kif9-/- males are infertile but exhibit oligozoospermia with poor sperm motility and defective forward motion of sperms, respectively. These results suggest Kif6 as a motor for cargo transport and Kif9 as a central apparatus regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xinwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Luan Li
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Vellutini BC, Martín-Durán JM, Børve A, Hejnol A. Combinatorial Wnt signaling landscape during brachiopod anteroposterior patterning. BMC Biol 2024; 22:212. [PMID: 39300453 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling pathways play crucial roles in animal development. They establish embryonic axes, specify cell fates, and regulate tissue morphogenesis from the early embryo to organogenesis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that these distinct developmental outcomes depend upon dynamic interactions between multiple ligands, receptors, antagonists, and other pathway modulators, consolidating the view that a combinatorial "code" controls the output of Wnt signaling. However, due to the lack of comprehensive analyses of Wnt components in several animal groups, it remains unclear if specific combinations always give rise to specific outcomes, and if these combinatorial patterns are conserved throughout evolution. RESULTS In this work, we investigate the combinatorial expression of Wnt signaling components during the axial patterning of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa. We find that T. transversa has a conserved repertoire of ligands, receptors, and antagonists. These genes are expressed throughout embryogenesis but undergo significant upregulation during axial elongation. At this stage, Frizzled domains occupy broad regions across the body while Wnt domains are narrower and distributed in partially overlapping patches; antagonists are mostly restricted to the anterior end. Based on their combinatorial expression, we identify a series of unique transcriptional subregions along the anteroposterior axis that coincide with the different morphological subdivisions of the brachiopod larval body. When comparing these data across the animal phylogeny, we find that the expression of Frizzled genes is relatively conserved, whereas the expression of Wnt genes is more variable. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the differential activation of Wnt signaling pathways may play a role in regionalizing the anteroposterior axis of brachiopod larvae. More generally, our analyses suggest that changes in the receptor context of Wnt ligands may act as a mechanism for the evolution and diversification of the metazoan body axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Vellutini
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - José M Martín-Durán
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, Fogg Building, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Aina Børve
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Zhao Z, Qi HY, Li ZF, Wang LM, Wang JM, Tan FQ, Yang WX. Vangl2 regulates intercellular junctions by remodeling actin-based cytoskeleton through the Rock signaling pathway during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135264. [PMID: 39226977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
As a key planar cell polarity protein, Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is essential for mammalian spermatogenesis. As a decapod crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis exhibits distinct spermatogenic processes due to its unique seminiferous tubule morphology and hemolymph-testis barrier (HTB). To determine whether Vangl2 performs analogous functions in E. sinensis, we identified the Es-Vangl2. Es-Vangl2 exhibited high expression and wide distribution in the testes, indicating its crucial involvement in spermatogenesis. Following targeted knockdown of Es-Vangl2in vivo, the structure of seminiferous tubules was disrupted, characterized by vacuolization of the germinal zone and obstruction of spermatozoon release. Concurrently, the integrity of the HTB was compromised, accompanied by reduced expression and aberrant localization of junction proteins. More importantly, the regulatory influence of Es-Vangl2 was manifested through modulating the organization of microfilaments, a process mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8). Further studies demonstrated that these phenotypes resulting from Es-Vangl2 knockdown were attributed to the inhibition of Rock signaling pathway activity, which was verified by the Es-Rock interference and Y27632 inhibition assays. In summary, the findings highlight the pivotal role of Es-Vangl2 in stabilizing HTB integrity by regulating Eps8-mediated actin remodeling through the Rock signaling pathway in the spermatogenesis of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan-Min Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Ming Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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4
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Havrylov S, Chrystal P, van Baarle S, French CR, MacDonald IM, Avasarala J, Rogers RC, Berry FB, Kume T, Waskiewicz AJ, Lehmann OJ. Pleiotropy in FOXC1-attributable phenotypes involves altered ciliation and cilia-dependent signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20278. [PMID: 39217245 PMCID: PMC11365983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations to cilia are responsible for a wide range of severe disease; however, understanding of the transcriptional control of ciliogenesis remains incomplete. In this study we investigated whether altered cilia-mediated signaling contributes to the pleiotropic phenotypes caused by the Forkhead transcription factor FOXC1. Here, we show that patients with FOXC1-attributable Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) have a prevalence of ciliopathy-associated phenotypes comparable to syndromic ciliopathies. We demonstrate that altering the level of Foxc1 protein, via shRNA mediated inhibition, CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and overexpression, modifies cilia length in vitro. These structural changes were associated with substantially perturbed cilia-dependent signaling [Hedgehog (Hh) and PDGFRα], and altered ciliary compartmentalization of the Hh pathway transcription factor, Gli2. Consistent with these data, in primary cultures of murine embryonic meninges, cilia length was significantly reduced in heterozygous and homozygous Foxc1 mutants compared to controls. Meningeal expression of the core Hh signaling components Gli1, Gli3 and Sufu was dysregulated, with comparable dysregulation of Pdgfrα signaling evident from significantly altered Pdgfrα and phosphorylated Pdgfrα expression. On the basis of these clinical and experimental findings, we propose a model that altered cilia-mediated signaling contributes to some FOXC1-induced phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy Havrylov
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul Chrystal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Suey van Baarle
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Curtis R French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jagannadha Avasarala
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, 3002D Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Andrew J Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ordan J Lehmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, 829 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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5
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Xie N, Landin Malt A, Adylkhan A, Rodeman N, Moraes Borges R, Hwang D, Liu A, Smith C, Hogan A, Lu X. Wnt7b acts in concert with Wnt5a to regulate tissue elongation and planar cell polarity via noncanonical Wnt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405217121. [PMID: 39172791 PMCID: PMC11363310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405217121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular signaling mediated by evolutionarily conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins aligns cell polarity along the tissue plane and drives polarized cell behaviors during tissue morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the vertebrate PCP pathway is regulated by noncanonical, β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling; however, the signaling components and mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the mouse hearing organ, both PCP and noncanonical Wnt (ncWnt) signaling are required in the developing auditory sensory epithelium to control cochlear duct elongation and planar polarity of resident sensory hair cells (HCs), including the shape and orientation of the stereociliary hair bundle essential for sound detection. We have recently discovered a Wnt/G-protein/PI3K pathway that coordinates HC planar polarity and intercellular PCP signaling. Here, we identify Wnt7b as a ncWnt ligand acting in concert with Wnt5a to promote tissue elongation in diverse developmental processes. In the cochlea, Wnt5a and Wnt7b are redundantly required for cochlear duct coiling and elongation, HC planar polarity, and asymmetric localization of core PCP proteins Fzd6 and Dvl2. Mechanistically, Wnt5a/Wnt7b-mediated ncWnt signaling promotes membrane recruitment of Daple, a nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gαi, and activates PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, which promote asymmetric Fzd6 localization. Thus, ncWnt and PCP signaling pathways have distinct mutant phenotypes and signaling components, suggesting that they act as separate, parallel pathways with nonoverlapping functions in cochlear morphogenesis. NcWnt signaling drives tissue elongation and reinforces intercellular PCP signaling by regulating the trafficking of PCP-specific Frizzled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Andre Landin Malt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Aray Adylkhan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Natalie Rodeman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Ricardo Moraes Borges
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Diane Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Connor Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Arielle Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA22908
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6
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Kaestner K, Zhu G, Lahori D, Schug J. Villification of the intestinal epithelium is driven by Foxl1. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4882679. [PMID: 39184090 PMCID: PMC11343282 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4882679/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The primitive gut tube of mammals initially forms as a simple cylinder consisting of the endoderm-derived, pseudostratified epithelium and the mesoderm-derived surrounding mesenchyme. During mid-gestation a dramatic transformation occurs in which the epithelium is both restructured into its final cuboidal form and simultaneously folded and refolded to create intestinal villi and intervillus regions, the incipient crypts. Here we show that the mesenchymal winged helix transcription factor Foxl1, itself induced by epithelial hedgehog signaling, controls villification by activating BMP and PDGFRa as well as planar cell polarity genes in epithelial-adjacent telocyte progenitors, both directly and in a feed- forward loop with Foxo3. In the absence of Foxl1-dependent mesenchymal signaling, villus formation is delayed, the separation of epithelial cells into mitotic intervillus and postmitotic villus cells impaired, and the differentiation of secretory progenitors blocked. Thus, Foxl1 orchestrates key events during the epithelial transition of the fetal mammalian gut.
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7
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Satta JP, Lindström R, Myllymäki SM, Lan Q, Trela E, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Kaczyńska B, Voutilainen M, Kuure S, Vainio SJ, Mikkola ML. Exploring the principles of embryonic mammary gland branching morphogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202179. [PMID: 39092607 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a characteristic feature of many essential organs, such as the lung and kidney, and most glands, and is the net result of two tissue behaviors: branch point initiation and elongation. Each branched organ has a distinct architecture customized to its physiological function, but how patterning occurs in these ramified tubular structures is a fundamental problem of development. Here, we use quantitative 3D morphometrics, time-lapse imaging, manipulation of ex vivo cultured mouse embryonic organs and mice deficient in the planar cell polarity component Vangl2 to address this question in the developing mammary gland. Our results show that the embryonic epithelial trees are highly complex in topology owing to the flexible use of two distinct modes of branch point initiation: lateral branching and tip bifurcation. This non-stereotypy was contrasted by the remarkably constant average branch frequency, indicating a ductal growth invariant, yet stochastic, propensity to branch. The probability of branching was malleable and could be tuned by manipulating the Fgf10 and Tgfβ1 pathways. Finally, our in vivo data and ex vivo time-lapse imaging suggest the involvement of tissue rearrangements in mammary branch elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P Satta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Riitta Lindström
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ewelina Trela
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | | | - Beata Kaczyńska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Maria Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Satu Kuure
- GM-unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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8
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Liu HY, Sun XJ, Xiu SY, Zhang XY, Wang ZQ, Gu YL, Yi CX, Liu JY, Dai YS, Yuan X, Liao HP, Liu ZM, Pang XC, Li TC. Frizzled receptors (FZDs) in Wnt signaling: potential therapeutic targets for human cancers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1556-1570. [PMID: 38632318 PMCID: PMC11272778 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are key contributors intrinsic to the Wnt signaling pathway, activation of FZDs triggering the Wnt signaling cascade is frequently observed in human tumors and intimately associated with an aggressive carcinoma phenotype. It has been shown that the abnormal expression of FZD receptors contributes to the manifestation of malignant characteristics in human tumors such as enhanced cell proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance as well as the acquisition of cancer stemness. Given the essential roles of FZD receptors in the Wnt signaling in human tumors, this review aims to consolidate the prevailing knowledge on the specific status of FZD receptors (FZD1-10) and elucidate their respective functions in tumor progression. Furthermore, we delineate the structural basis for binding of FZD and its co-receptors to Wnt, and provide a better theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on related mechanisms. Finally, we describe the existing biological classes of small molecule-based FZD inhibitors in detail in the hope that they can provide useful assistance for design and development of novel drug candidates targeted FZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Yu Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Lun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chu-Xiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu-Song Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua-Peng Liao
- Yizhang County People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 424200, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Cong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100034, China.
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9
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Ying J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Dong Z, Chen B. Stearoylation cycle regulates the cell surface distribution of the PCP protein Vangl2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400569121. [PMID: 38985771 PMCID: PMC11260150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400569121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in planar cell polarity (PCP) have been implicated in diverse human pathologies. Vangl2 is one of the core PCP components crucial for PCP signaling. Dysregulation of Vangl2 has been associated with severe neural tube defects and cancers. However, how Vangl2 protein is regulated at the posttranslational level has not been well understood. Using chemical reporters of fatty acylation and biochemical validation, here we present that Vangl2 subcellular localization is regulated by a reversible S-stearoylation cycle. The dynamic process is mainly regulated by acyltransferase ZDHHC9 and deacylase acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). The stearoylation-deficient mutant of Vangl2 shows decreased plasma membrane localization, resulting in disruption of PCP establishment during cell migration. Genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting ZDHHC9 phenocopies the effects of the stearoylation loss of Vangl2. In addition, loss of Vangl2 stearoylation enhances the activation of oncogenic Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), serine-threonine kinase AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling and promotes breast cancer cell growth and HRas G12V mutant (HRasV12)-induced oncogenic transformation. Our results reveal a regulation mechanism of Vangl2, and provide mechanistic insight into how fatty acid metabolism and protein fatty acylation regulate PCP signaling and tumorigenesis by core PCP protein lipidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang321000, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang321000, China
| | - Xuanpu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang321000, China
| | - Ze Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Baoen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang321000, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang311215, China
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310000, China
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10
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Li X, Huebner RJ, Williams MLK, Sawyer J, Peifer M, Wallingford JB, Thirumalai D. Emergence of cellular nematic order is a conserved feature of gastrulation in animal embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.603175. [PMID: 39071444 PMCID: PMC11275887 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.603175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cells undergo dramatic changes in morphology during embryogenesis, yet how these changes affect the formation of ordered tissues remains elusive. Here we find that the emergence of a nematic liquid crystal phase occurs in cells during gastrulation in the development of embryos of fish, frogs, and fruit flies. Moreover, the spatial correlations in all three organisms are long-ranged and follow a similar power-law decay( y ∼ x - α ) with α less than unity for the nematic order parameter, suggesting a common underlying physical mechanism unifies events in these distantly related species. All three species exhibit similar propagation of the nematic phase, reminiscent of nucleation and growth phenomena. Finally, we use a theoretical model along with disruptions of cell adhesion and cell specification to characterize the minimal features required for formation of the nematic phase. Our results provide a framework for understanding a potentially universal features of metazoan embryogenesis and shed light on the advent of ordered structures during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert J Huebner
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Margot L K Williams
- Center for Precision Environmental Health & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Sawyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Li X, Huebner RJ, Williams MLK, Sawyer J, Peifer M, Wallingford JB, Thirumalai D. Emergence of cellular nematic order is a conserved feature of gastrulation in animal embryos. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2407.12124v1. [PMID: 39070041 PMCID: PMC11275694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cells undergo dramatic changes in morphology during embryogenesis, yet how these changes affect the formation of ordered tissues remains elusive. Here we find that the emergence of a nematic liquid crystal phase occurs in cells during gastrulation in the development of embryos of fish, frogs, and fruit flies. Moreover, the spatial correlations in all three organisms are long-ranged and follow a similar power-law decay( y ∼ x - α ) with α less than unity for the nematic order parameter, suggesting a common underlying physical mechanism unifies events in these distantly related species. All three species exhibit similar propagation of the nematic phase, reminiscent of nucleation and growth phenomena. Finally, we use a theoretical model along with disruptions of cell adhesion and cell specification to characterize the minimal features required for formation of the nematic phase. Our results provide a framework for understanding a potentially universal features of metazoan embryogenesis and shed light on the advent of ordered structures during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert J Huebner
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Margot L K Williams
- Center for Precision Environmental Health & Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Sawyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Lemaigre FP. Planar cell polarity is crucial for proper morphogenesis of the bile ducts. J Hepatol 2024; 81:17-19. [PMID: 38548065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
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13
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Lee V, Hinton BT, Hirashima T. Collective cell dynamics and luminal fluid flow in the epididymis: A mechanobiological perspective. Andrology 2024; 12:939-948. [PMID: 37415418 PMCID: PMC11278975 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian epididymis is a specialized duct system that serves a critical role in sperm maturation and storage. Its distinctive, highly coiled tissue morphology provides a unique opportunity to investigate the link between form and function in reproductive biology. Although recent genetic studies have identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in the development and physiological functions of the epididymis, there has been limited discussion about the underlying dynamic and mechanical processes that govern these phenomena. AIMS In this review, we aim to address this gap by examining two key aspects of the epididymis across its developmental and physiological phases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION First, we discuss how the complex morphology of the Wolffian/epididymal duct emerges through collective cell dynamics, including duct elongation, cell proliferation, and arrangement during embryonic development. Second, we highlight dynamic aspects of luminal fluid flow in the epididymis, essential for regulating the microenvironment for sperm maturation and motility, and discuss how this phenomenon emerges and interplays with epididymal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION This review not only aims to summarize current knowledge but also to provide a starting point for further exploration of mechanobiological aspects related to the cellular and extracellular fluid dynamics in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lee
- Mechanobiology, Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry T. Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology, Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Hu ZL, Wilson-Sánchez D, Bhatia N, Rast-Somssich MI, Wu A, Vlad D, McGuire L, Nikolov LA, Laufs P, Gan X, Laurent S, Runions A, Tsiantis M. A CUC1/auxin genetic module links cell polarity to patterned tissue growth and leaf shape diversity in crucifer plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321877121. [PMID: 38905239 PMCID: PMC11214078 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321877121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
How tissue-level information encoded by fields of regulatory gene activity is translated into the patterns of cell polarity and growth that generate the diverse shapes of different species remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this problem in the case of leaf shape differences between Arabidopsis thaliana, which has simple leaves, and its relative Cardamine hirsuta that has complex leaves divided into leaflets. We show that patterned expression of the transcription factor CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 in C. hirsuta (ChCUC1) is a key determinant of leaf shape differences between the two species. Through inducible genetic perturbations, time-lapse imaging of growth, and computational modeling, we find that ChCUC1 provides instructive input into auxin-based leaf margin patterning. This input arises via transcriptional regulation of multiple auxin homeostasis components, including direct activation of WAG kinases that are known to regulate the polarity of PIN-FORMED auxin transporters. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism that bridges biological scales by linking spatially distributed and species-specific transcription factor expression to cell-level polarity and growth, to shape diverse leaf forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Liang Hu
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - David Wilson-Sánchez
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Neha Bhatia
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Madlen I. Rast-Somssich
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Anhui Wu
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Daniela Vlad
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Liam McGuire
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Lachezar A. Nikolov
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles78000, France
| | - Xiangchao Gan
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Stefan Laurent
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Adam Runions
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
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15
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Pérez-Henríquez P, Li H, Zhou X, Pan X, Lin W, Tang W, Nagawa S, Lin D, Xu T, Michniewicz M, Prigge MJ, Strader LC, Estelle M, Hayashi KI, Friml J, Qi L, Liu Z, Van Norman J, Yang Z. Hierarchical global and local auxin signals coordinate cellular interdigitation in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599171. [PMID: 38948792 PMCID: PMC11212924 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of multicellular tissues requires both local and global coordination of cell polarization, however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay are poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, leaf epidermal pavement cells (PC) develop a puzzle-piece shape locally coordinated through apoplastic auxin signaling. Here we show auxin also globally coordinates interdigitation by activating the TIR1/AFB-dependent nuclear signaling pathway. This pathway promotes a transient maximum of auxin at the cotyledon tip, which then moves across the leaf activating local PC polarization, as demonstrated by locally uncaged auxin globally rescuing defects in tir1;afb1;afb2;afb4;afb5 mutant but not in tmk1;tmk2;tmk3;tmk4 mutants. Our findings show that hierarchically integrated global and local auxin signaling systems, which respectively depend on TIR1/AFB-dependent gene transcription in the nucleus and TMK-mediated rapid activation of ROP GTPases at the cell surface, control PC interdigitation patterns in Arabidopsis cotyledons, revealing a mechanism for coordinating a local cellular process with the development of whole tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Pérez-Henríquez
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory for Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Michael J. Prigge
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Linlin Qi
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jaimie Van Norman
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory for Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Lead Contact
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16
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Tao C, Ni X. MPP7 mediates EMT via Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote polarity changes in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. J Cancer 2024; 15:4490-4502. [PMID: 39006077 PMCID: PMC11242328 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the gynecological malignancies with the highest mortality rate. Its widespread metastasis is difficult to cure, and the beneficiaries of targeted therapy are still limited, which has been a long-standing bottleneck problem. MAGUK P55 scaffold protein 7 (MPP7) plays an important role in the establishment of epithelial cell polarity, but its potential significance in epithelial ovarian cancer is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of MPP7 and its functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer. Through analysis of TCGA and GEO databases, combined with immunohistochemical staining of ovarian tumor tissue chips, it was found that MPP7 is significantly overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue, and its high expression is closely related to poor prognosis of patients. It has been verified through cell function experiments that interference with MPP7 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Performing planar polarity immunofluorescence staining on ovarian cancer cells revealed that interference with MPP7 can cause polarity changes in ovarian cancer cells. The transcriptome sequencing results of the ovarian cancer database were analyzed, and Western Blot was used to verify that MPP7 may mediate EMT via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promote changes in cell polarity in human epithelial ovarian cancer, thereby promoting cancer progression, demonstrating the potential of MPP7 as a new biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoge Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Polsani N, Yung T, Thomas E, Phung-Rojas M, Gupta I, Denker J, Lau K, Feng X, Ibarra B, Hopyan S, Atit RP. Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion. Development 2024; 151:dev202596. [PMID: 38814743 PMCID: PMC11234264 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral to calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. Time-lapse light-sheet imaging of mouse embryos revealed calvarial progenitors intercalate in 3D in the CM above the eye, and exhibit protrusive and crawling activity more apically. CM cells express non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) core components and calvarial osteoblasts are bidirectionally polarized. We found non-canonical ligand Wnt5a-/- mutants have less dynamic cell rearrangements and protrusive activity. Loss of CM-restricted Wntless (CM-Wls), a gene required for secretion of all Wnt ligands, led to diminished apical expansion of Osx+ calvarial osteoblasts in the frontal bone primordia in a non-cell autonomous manner without perturbing proliferation or survival. Calvarial osteoblast polarization, progressive cell elongation and enrichment for actin along the baso-apical axis were dependent on CM-Wnts. Thus, CM-Wnts regulate cellular behaviors during calvarial morphogenesis for efficient apical expansion of calvarial osteoblasts. These findings also offer potential insights into the etiologies of calvarial dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaya Polsani
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Theodora Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Phung-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julie Denker
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kimberly Lau
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Ibarra
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Orthopedics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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18
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Peysson A, Zariohi N, Gendrel M, Chambert-Loir A, Frébault N, Cheynet E, Andrini O, Boulin T. Wnt-Ror-Dvl signalling and the dystrophin complex organize planar-polarized membrane compartments in C. elegans muscles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4935. [PMID: 38858388 PMCID: PMC11164867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity mechanisms allow the formation of specialized membrane domains with unique protein compositions, signalling properties, and functional characteristics. By analyzing the localization of potassium channels and proteins belonging to the dystrophin-associated protein complex, we reveal the existence of distinct planar-polarized membrane compartments at the surface of C. elegans muscle cells. We find that muscle polarity is controlled by a non-canonical Wnt signalling cascade involving the ligand EGL-20/Wnt, the receptor CAM-1/Ror, and the intracellular effector DSH-1/Dishevelled. Interestingly, classical planar cell polarity proteins are not required for this process. Using time-resolved protein degradation, we demonstrate that -while it is essentially in place by the end of embryogenesis- muscle polarity is a dynamic state, requiring continued presence of DSH-1 throughout post-embryonic life. Our results reveal the unsuspected complexity of the C. elegans muscle membrane and establish a genetically tractable model system to study cellular polarity and membrane compartmentalization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Peysson
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noura Zariohi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Marie Gendrel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Amandine Chambert-Loir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noémie Frébault
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Elise Cheynet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Olga Andrini
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Thomas Boulin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France.
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19
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Clancy S, Xie N, Muttikkal TE, Wang J, Fateh E, Smith M, Wilson P, Smith M, Hogan A, Sutherland A, Lu X. Rac1 and Nectin3 are essential for PCP-directed axon guidance in the peripheral auditory system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597585. [PMID: 38895287 PMCID: PMC11185701 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our sense of hearing is critically dependent on the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that connect the sound receptors in the organ of Corti (OC) to the cochlear nuclei of the hindbrain. Type I SGNs innervate inner hair cells (IHCs) to transmit sound signals, while type II SGNs (SGNIIs) innervate outer hair cells (OHCs) to detect moderate-to-intense sound. During development, SGNII afferents make a characteristic 90-degree turn toward the base of the cochlea and innervate multiple OHCs. It has been shown that the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway acts non-autonomously to mediate environmental cues in the cochlear epithelium for SGNII afferent turning towards the base. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we present evidence that PCP signaling regulates multiple downstream effectors to influence cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton in cochlear supporting cells (SCs), which serve as intermediate targets of SGNII afferents. We show that the core PCP gene Vangl2 regulates the localization of the small GTPase Rac1 and the cell adhesion molecule Nectin3 at SC-SC junctions through which SGNII afferents travel. Through in vivo genetic analysis, we also show that loss of Rac1 or Nectin3 partially phenocopied SGNII peripheral afferent turning defects in Vangl2 mutants, and that Rac1 plays a non-autonomous role in this process in part by regulating PCP protein localization at the SC-SC junctions. Additionally, epistasis analysis indicates that Nectin3 and Rac1 likely act in the same genetic pathway to control SGNII afferent turning. Together, these experiments identify Nectin3 and Rac1 as novel regulators of PCP-directed SGNII axon guidance in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylyn Clancy
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Nicholas Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | | | - Jasmine Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Esha Fateh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Margaret Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Phillip Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Arielle Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Ann Sutherland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
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20
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Wang M, Han Y, Yao X, Duan X, Wan J, Lou X, Yan Y, Zheng P, Wang F, Zhu L, Ni C, Pan Z, Wang Z, Chen L, Wang Z, Qin Z. Hyperexpression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 inhibits differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by instigating apolarity during ageing. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e605. [PMID: 38868328 PMCID: PMC11167233 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During the ageing process, TNF-α can promote the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, it remains unclear which receptor(s) of TNF-α are involved in and how they modulate this process. Here, we report that TNFR2 hyperexpression induced by either TNF-α or IL-6, two proinflammatory factors of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), causes cellular apolarity and differentiation inhibition in aged MDSCs. Ex vivo overexpression of TNFR2 in young MDSCs inhibited their polarity and differentiation, whereas in vivo depletion of Tnfr2 in aged MDSCs promotes their differentiation. Consequently, the age-dependent increase of TNFR2 versus unaltered TNFR1 expression in aged MDSCs significantly shifts the balance of TNF-α signaling toward the TNFR2-JNK axis, which accounts for JNK-induced impairment of cell polarity and differentiation failure of aged MDSCs. Consistently, inhibiting JNK attenuates apolarity and partially restores the differentiation capacity of aged MDSCs, suggesting that upregulated TNFR2/JNK signaling is a key factor limiting MDSC differentiation during organismal ageing. Therefore, abnormal hyperexpression of TNFR2 represents a general mechanism by which extrinsic SASP signals disrupt intrinsic cell polarity behavior, thereby arresting mature differentiation of MDSCs with ageing, suggesting that TNFR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for intervention of ageing through rejuvenation of aged MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yijie Han
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiaohan Lou
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yan Yan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Peiguo Zheng
- Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fazhan Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Linyu Zhu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chen Ni
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zihao Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Lin Chen
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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21
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Dessaux C, Ganier L, Guiraud L, Borg JP. Recent insights into the therapeutic strategies targeting the pseudokinase PTK7 in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1973-1984. [PMID: 38773263 PMCID: PMC11196218 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The generation of drugs counteracting deregulated protein kinases has been a major focus in cancer therapy development. Breakthroughs in this effort have produced many therapeutic agents to the benefit of patients, mostly through the development of chemical or antibody-based drugs targeting active kinases. These strategies are challenged when considering catalytically inactive protein kinases (or pseudokinases), which represent 10% of the human kinome with many of relevance in cancer. Among the so-called pseudotyrosine kinases, the PTK7 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) stands as a bona fide target overexpressed in several solid tumors and hematological malignancies and linked to metastasis, poor prognosis, and resistance to treatment. Despite the lack of catalytic activity, PTK7 has signaling capacities through heterodimerization with active RTKs and offers pharmacological targeting opportunities through its inactive kinase domain. Moreover, PTK7-targeting strategies based on antibody-drug conjugates, aptamers, and CAR-T cell-based therapies have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical and clinical settings. We review the most recent data assigning to PTK7 a prominent role in cancer progression as well as current preclinical and clinical targeting strategies against RTK family pseudokinases including PTK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dessaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louis Guiraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer', Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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22
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Paramore SV, Trenado-Yuste C, Sharan R, Nelson CM, Devenport D. Vangl-dependent mesenchymal thinning shapes the distal lung during murine sacculation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1302-1316.e5. [PMID: 38569553 PMCID: PMC11111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) complex is speculated to function in murine lung development, where branching morphogenesis generates an epithelial tree whose distal tips expand dramatically during sacculation. Here, we show that PCP is dispensable in the airway epithelium for sacculation. Rather, we find a Celsr1-independent role for the PCP component Vangl in the pulmonary mesenchyme: loss of Vangl1/2 inhibits mesenchymal thinning and expansion of the saccular epithelium. Further, loss of mesenchymal Wnt5a mimics sacculation defects observed in Vangl2-mutant lungs, implicating mesenchymal Wnt5a/Vangl signaling as a key regulator of late lung morphogenesis. A computational model predicts that sacculation requires a fluid mesenchymal compartment. Lineage-tracing and cell-shape analyses are consistent with the mesenchyme acting as a fluid tissue, suggesting that loss of Vangl1/2 impacts the ability of mesenchymal cells to exchange neighbors. Our data thus identify an explicit function for Vangl and the pulmonary mesenchyme in actively shaping the saccular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolina Trenado-Yuste
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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23
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Brauns F, Claussen NH, Lefebvre MF, Wieschaus EF, Shraiman BI. The Geometric Basis of Epithelial Convergent Extension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.30.542935. [PMID: 37398061 PMCID: PMC10312603 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Shape changes of epithelia during animal development, such as convergent extension, are achieved through concerted mechanical activity of individual cells. While much is known about the corresponding large scale tissue flow and its genetic drivers, fundamental questions regarding local control of contractile activity on cellular scale and its embryo-scale coordination remain open. To address these questions, we develop a quantitative, model-based analysis framework to relate cell geometry to local tension in recently obtained timelapse imaging data of gastrulating Drosophila embryos. This analysis provides a systematic decomposition of cell shape changes and T1-rearrangements into internally driven, active, and externally driven, passive, contributions. Our analysis provides evidence that germ band extension is driven by active T1 processes that self-organize through positive feedback acting on tensions. More generally, our findings suggest that epithelial convergent extension results from controlled transformation of internal force balance geometry which combines the effects of bottom-up local self-organization with the top-down, embryo-scale regulation by gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridtjof Brauns
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Nikolas H. Claussen
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew F. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Eric F. Wieschaus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Boris I. Shraiman
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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24
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Yu M, Qin K, Fan J, Zhao G, Zhao P, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang A, Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho S, Lee MJ, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC. The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101026. [PMID: 38292186 PMCID: PMC10825312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in development and adult tissue homeostasis across species. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) Wnt signaling pathways. Cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway, which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling paths. Wnt signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues. This includes but is not limited to embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, gut, neural, and epidermal stem cells. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like properties. Wnt signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone disorders. Not surprisingly, aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. Mutations of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Altogether, advances in the understanding of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt pathway. Beginning with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells, aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases, and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yu
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin Qin
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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25
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An F, Song J, Chang W, Zhang J, Gao P, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Yan C. Research Progress on the Mechanism of the SFRP-Mediated Wnt Signalling Pathway Involved in Bone Metabolism in Osteoporosis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:975-990. [PMID: 38194214 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease linked to an elevated fracture risk, primarily stemming from disruptions in bone metabolism. Present clinical treatments for OP merely alleviate symptoms. Hence, there exists a pressing need to identify novel targets for the clinical treatment of OP. Research indicates that the Wnt signalling pathway is modulated by serum-secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), potentially serving as a pivotal regulator in bone metabolism disorders. Moreover, studies confirm elevated SFRP5 expression in OP, with SFRP5 overexpression leading to the downregulation of Wnt and β-catenin proteins in the Wnt signalling pathway, as well as the expression of osteogenesis-related marker molecules such as RUNX2, ALP, and OPN. Conversely, the opposite has been reported when SFRP5 is knocked out, suggesting that SFRP5 may be a key factor involved in the regulation of bone metabolism via the Wnt signalling axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of SFRP5-induced OP have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. This review focusses on the molecular structure and function of SFRP5 and the potential molecular mechanisms of the SFRP5-mediated Wnt signalling pathway involved in bone metabolism in OP, providing reasonable evidence for the targeted therapy of SFRP5 for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Weirong Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipan Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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26
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Montserrat-Gomez M, Gogl G, Carrasco K, Betzi S, Durbesson F, Cousido-Siah A, Kostmann C, Essig DJ, Strømgaard K, Østergaard S, Morelli X, Trave G, Vincentelli R, Bailly E, Borg JP. PDZome-wide and structural characterization of the PDZ-binding motif of VANGL2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140989. [PMID: 38142947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
VANGL2 is a core component of the non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity signaling pathway that uses its highly conserved carboxy-terminal type 1 PDZ-binding motif (PBM) to bind a variety of PDZ proteins. In this study, we characterize and quantitatively assess the largest VANGL2 PDZome-binding profile documented so far, using orthogonal methods. The results of our holdup approach support VANGL2 interactions with a large panel of both long-recognized and unprecedented PDZ domains. Truncation and point mutation analyses of the VANGL2 PBM establish that, beyond the strict requirement of the P-0 / V521 and P-2 / T519 amino acids, upstream residues, including E518, Q516 and R514 at, respectively, P-3, P-5 and P-7 further contribute to the robustness of VANGL2 interactions with two distinct PDZ domains, SNX27 and SCRIBBLE-PDZ3. In agreement with these data, incremental amino-terminal deletions of the VANGL2 PBM causes its overall affinity to progressively decline. Moreover, the holdup data establish that the PDZome binding repertoire of VANGL2 starts to diverge significantly with the truncation of E518. A structural analysis of the SYNJ2BP-PDZ/VANGL2 interaction with truncated PBMs identifies a major conformational change in the binding direction of the PBM peptide after the P-2 position. Finally, we report that the PDZome binding profile of VANGL2 is dramatically rearranged upon phosphorylation of S517, T519 and S520. Our crystallographic approach illustrates how SYNJ2BP accommodates a S520-phosphorylated PBM peptide through the ideal positioning of two basic residues, K48 and R86. Altogether our data provides a comprehensive view of the VANGL2 PDZ network and how this network specifically responds to the post-translation modification of distinct PBM residues. These findings should prove useful in guiding future functional and molecular studies of the key PCP component VANGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montserrat-Gomez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Gergo Gogl
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Kendall Carrasco
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Betzi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Durbesson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Kostmann
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Dominic J Essig
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Østergaard
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Trave
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Bailly
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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27
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Radaszkiewicz KA, Sulcova M, Kohoutkova E, Harnos J. The role of prickle proteins in vertebrate development and pathology. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1199-1221. [PMID: 37358815 PMCID: PMC11116189 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Prickle is an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins exclusively associated with planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling. This signalling pathway provides directional and positional cues to eukaryotic cells along the plane of an epithelial sheet, orthogonal to both apicobasal and left-right axes. Through studies in the fruit fly Drosophila, we have learned that PCP signalling is manifested by the spatial segregation of two protein complexes, namely Prickle/Vangl and Frizzled/Dishevelled. While Vangl, Frizzled, and Dishevelled proteins have been extensively studied, Prickle has been largely neglected. This is likely because its role in vertebrate development and pathologies is still being explored and is not yet fully understood. The current review aims to address this gap by summarizing our current knowledge on vertebrate Prickle proteins and to cover their broad versatility. Accumulating evidence suggests that Prickle is involved in many developmental events, contributes to homeostasis, and can cause diseases when its expression and signalling properties are deregulated. This review highlights the importance of Prickle in vertebrate development, discusses the implications of Prickle-dependent signalling in pathology, and points out the blind spots or potential links regarding Prickle, which could be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - M Sulcova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - E Kohoutkova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - J Harnos
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia.
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28
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Feng X, Ye Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Mak JCW, Otomo N, Zhao Z, Niu Y, Yonezawa Y, Li G, Lin M, Li X, Cheung PWH, Xu K, Takeda K, Wang S, Xie J, Kotani T, Choi VNT, Song YQ, Yang Y, Luk KDK, Lee KS, Li Z, Li PS, Leung CYH, Lin X, Wang X, Qiu G, Watanabe K, Wu Z, Posey JE, Ikegawa S, Lupski JR, Cheung JPY, Zhang TJ, Gao B, Wu N. Core planar cell polarity genes VANGL1 and VANGL2 in predisposition to congenital vertebral malformations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310283121. [PMID: 38669183 PMCID: PMC11067467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310283121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital scoliosis (CS), affecting approximately 0.5 to 1 in 1,000 live births, is commonly caused by congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) arising from aberrant somitogenesis or somite differentiation. While Wnt/ß-catenin signaling has been implicated in somite development, the function of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Vangl1 and Vangl2 in vertebral development and found that their deletion causes vertebral anomalies resembling human CVMs. Analysis of exome sequencing data from multiethnic CS patients revealed a number of rare and deleterious variants in VANGL1 and VANGL2, many of which exhibited loss-of-function and dominant-negative effects. Zebrafish models confirmed the pathogenicity of these variants. Furthermore, we found that Vangl1 knock-in (p.R258H) mice exhibited vertebral malformations in a Vangl gene dose- and environment-dependent manner. Our findings highlight critical roles for PCP signaling in vertebral development and predisposition to CVMs in CS patients, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongyu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan250012, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Judith C. W. Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nao Otomo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Zhengye Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yoshiro Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Guozhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Prudence Wing Hang Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Toshiaki Kotani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Vanessa N. T. Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Keith Dip Kei Luk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kin Shing Lee
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ziquan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Pik Shan Li
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Connie Y. H. Leung
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | | | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston77030, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
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29
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Bu T, Wang L, Wu X, Gao S, Li X, Yun D, Yang X, Li L, Cheng CY, Sun F. The Planar Cell Polarity Protein Fat1 in Sertoli Cell Function. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae041. [PMID: 38553880 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Fat (FAT atypical cadherin) and Dchs (Dachsous cadherin-related protein) in adjacent Sertoli:Sertoli, Sertoli:spermatid, and spermatid:spermatid interfaces create an important intercellular bridge whose adhesive function is in turn supported by Fjx1, a nonreceptor Ser/Thr protein kinase. This concept is derived from earlier studies of Drosophila, which has been confirmed in this and earlier reports as well. Herein, we use the approach of knockdown of Fat1 by RNAi using primary cultures of Sertoli cells that mimicked the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in vivo, and a series of coherent experiments including functional assays to monitor the Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ) permeability barrier and a functional in vitro TJ integrity assay to assess the role of Fat1 in the testis. It was shown that planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Fat1 affected Sertoli cell function through its modulation of actin and microtubule cytoskeletal function, altering their polymerization activity through the Fat1/Fjx1 complex. Furthermore, Fat1 is intimately associated with β-catenin and α-N-catenin, as well as with Prickle 1 of the Vangl1/Prickle 1 complex, another PCP core protein to support intercellular interactions to confer PCP. In summary, these findings support the notion that the Fat:Dchs and the Vangl2:Fzd PCP intercellular bridges are tightly associated with basal ES/TJ structural proteins to stabilize PCP function at the Sertoli:Sertoli, Sertoli:spermatid, and spermatid:spermatid interface to sustain spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiao Bu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Damin Yun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chuen Yan Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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30
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Kacker S, Parsad V, Singh N, Hordiichuk D, Alvarez S, Gohar M, Kacker A, Rai SK. Planar Cell Polarity Signaling: Coordinated Crosstalk for Cell Orientation. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38804432 PMCID: PMC11130840 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) system is essential for positioning cells in 3D networks to establish the proper morphogenesis, structure, and function of organs during embryonic development. The PCP system uses inter- and intracellular feedback interactions between components of the core PCP, characterized by coordinated planar polarization and asymmetric distribution of cell populations inside the cells. PCP signaling connects the anterior-posterior to left-right embryonic plane polarity through the polarization of cilia in the Kupffer's vesicle/node in vertebrates. Experimental investigations on various genetic ablation-based models demonstrated the functions of PCP in planar polarization and associated genetic disorders. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PCP signaling history, core components of the PCP signaling pathway, molecular mechanisms underlying PCP signaling, interactions with other signaling pathways, and the role of PCP in organ and embryonic development. Moreover, we will delve into the negative feedback regulation of PCP to maintain polarity, human genetic disorders associated with PCP defects, as well as challenges associated with PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kacker
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Varuneshwar Parsad
- Department of Human Body Structure and Function, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (V.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Naveen Singh
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Daria Hordiichuk
- Department of Human Body Structure and Function, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (V.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Stacy Alvarez
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mahnoor Gohar
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Anshu Kacker
- Department of Histology and Human Physiology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Sunil Kumar Rai
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
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31
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Tamilselvan E, Sotomayor M. CELSR1, a core planar cell polarity protein, features a weakly adhesive and flexible cadherin ectodomain. Structure 2024; 32:476-491.e5. [PMID: 38307021 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP), essential to multicellular developmental processes, arises when cells polarize and align across tissues. Central to PCP is CELSR1, an atypical cadherin featuring a long ectodomain with nine extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats, a membrane adjacent domain (MAD10), and several characteristic adhesion GPCR domains. Cell-based aggregation assays have demonstrated CELSR1's homophilic adhesive nature, but mechanistic details are missing. Here, we investigate the possible adhesive properties and structures of CELSR1 EC repeats. Our bead aggregation assays do not support strong adhesion by EC repeats alone. Consistently, EC1-4 only dimerizes at high concentration in solution. Crystal structures of human CELSR1 EC1-4 and EC4-7 reveal typical folds and a non-canonical linker between EC5 and EC6. Simulations and experiments using EC4-7 indicate flexibility at EC5-6, and solution experiments show EC7-MAD10-mediated dimerization. Our results suggest weak homophilic adhesion by CELSR1 cadherin repeats and provide mechanistic insights into the structural determinants of CELSR1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elakkiya Tamilselvan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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32
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Bosch PS, Cho B, Axelrod JD. Flamingo participates in multiple models of cell competition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.24.559197. [PMID: 37790459 PMCID: PMC10542155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth and survival of cells with different fitness, such as those with a proliferative advantage or a deleterious mutation, is controlled through cell competition. During development, cell competition enables healthy cells to eliminate less fit cells that could jeopardize tissue integrity, and facilitates the elimination of pre-malignant cells by healthy cells as a surveillance mechanism to prevent oncogenesis. Malignant cells also benefit from cell competition to promote their expansion. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the mechanisms governing cell competition, particularly those common to developmental competition and tumorigenesis, are poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila, the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Flamingo (Fmi) is required by winners to maintain their status during cell competition in malignant tumors to overtake healthy tissue, in early pre-malignant cells when they overproliferate among wildtype cells, in healthy cells when they later eliminate pre-malignant cells, and by supercompetitors as they compete to occupy excessive territory within wildtype tissues. "Would-be" winners that lack Fmi are unable to over-proliferate, and instead become losers. We demonstrate that the role of Fmi in cell competition is independent of PCP, and that it uses a distinct mechanism that may more closely resemble one used in other less well-defined functions of Fmi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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34
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Miller SG, Hoh M, Ebmeier CC, Tay JW, Ahn NG. Cooperative polarization of MCAM/CD146 and ERM family proteins in melanoma. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar31. [PMID: 38117590 PMCID: PMC10916866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRAMP structure is a protein network associated with tail-end actomyosin contractility, membrane retraction, and directional persistence during cell migration. A marker of WRAMP structures is melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) which dynamically polarizes to the cell rear. However, factors that mediate MCAM polarization are still unknown. In this study, BioID using MCAM as bait identifies the ERM family proteins, moesin, ezrin, and radixin, as WRAMP structure components. We also present a novel image analysis pipeline, Protein Polarity by Percentile ("3P"), which classifies protein polarization using machine learning and facilitates quantitative analysis. Using 3P, we find that depletion of moesin, and to a lesser extent ezrin, decreases the proportion of cells with polarized MCAM. Furthermore, although copolarized MCAM and ERM proteins show high spatial overlap, 3P identifies subpopulations with ERM proteins closer to the cell periphery. Live-cell imaging confirms that MCAM and ERM protein polarization is tightly coordinated, but ERM proteins enrich at the cell edge first. Finally, deletion of a juxtamembrane segment in MCAM previously shown to promote ERM protein interactions impedes MCAM polarization. Our findings highlight the requirement for ERM proteins in recruitment of MCAM to WRAMP structures and an advanced computational tool to characterize protein polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah G. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Maria Hoh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | | | - Jian Wei Tay
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Natalie G. Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
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35
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Zhu G, Lahori D, Schug J, Kaestner KH. Villification of the intestinal epithelium is driven by Foxl1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582300. [PMID: 38464137 PMCID: PMC10925215 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The primitive gut tube of mammals initially forms as a simple cylinder consisting of the endoderm-derived, pseudostratified epithelium and the mesoderm-derived surrounding mesenchyme. During mid-gestation a dramatic transformation occurs in which the epithelium is both restructured into its final cuboidal form and simultaneously folded and refolded to create intestinal villi and intervillus regions, the incipient crypts. Here we show that the mesenchymal winged helix transcription factor Foxl1, itself induced by epithelial hedgehog signaling, controls villification by activating BMP and PDGFRα as well as planar cell polarity genes in epithelial-adjacent telocyte progenitors, both directly and in a feed-forward loop with Foxo3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Deeksha Lahori
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA
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36
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Dutta D, Kanca O, Shridharan RV, Marcogliese PC, Steger B, Morimoto M, Frost FG, Macnamara E, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S, Jenny A, Adams D, Malicdan MC, Bellen HJ. Loss of the endoplasmic reticulum protein Tmem208 affects cell polarity, development, and viability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322582121. [PMID: 38381787 PMCID: PMC10907268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322582121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nascent proteins destined for the cell membrane and the secretory pathway are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) either posttranslationally or cotranslationally. The signal-independent pathway, containing the protein TMEM208, is one of three pathways that facilitates the translocation of nascent proteins into the ER. The in vivo function of this protein is ill characterized in multicellular organisms. Here, we generated a CRISPR-induced null allele of the fruit fly ortholog CG8320/Tmem208 by replacing the gene with the Kozak-GAL4 sequence. We show that Tmem208 is broadly expressed in flies and that its loss causes lethality, although a few short-lived flies eclose. These animals exhibit wing and eye developmental defects consistent with impaired cell polarity and display mild ER stress. Tmem208 physically interacts with Frizzled (Fz), a planar cell polarity (PCP) receptor, and is required to maintain proper levels of Fz. Moreover, we identified a child with compound heterozygous variants in TMEM208 who presents with developmental delay, skeletal abnormalities, multiple hair whorls, cardiac, and neurological issues, symptoms that are associated with PCP defects in mice and humans. Additionally, fibroblasts of the proband display mild ER stress. Expression of the reference human TMEM208 in flies fully rescues the loss of Tmem208, and the two proband-specific variants fail to rescue, suggesting that they are loss-of-function alleles. In summary, our study uncovers a role of TMEM208 in development, shedding light on its significance in ER homeostasis and cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Rishi V. Shridharan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Paul C. Marcogliese
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Benjamin Steger
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Marie Morimoto
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - F. Graeme Frost
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ellen Macnamara
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | | | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY10461
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY10461
| | - David Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - May C. Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX77030
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Devitt CC, Weng S, Bejar-Padilla VD, Alvarado J, Wallingford JB. PCP and Septins govern the polarized organization of the actin cytoskeleton during convergent extension. Curr Biol 2024; 34:615-622.e4. [PMID: 38199065 PMCID: PMC10887425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Convergent extension (CE) requires the coordinated action of the planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins1,2 and the actin cytoskeleton,3,4,5,6 but this relationship remains incompletely understood. For example, PCP signaling orients actomyosin contractions, yet actomyosin is also required for the polarized localization of PCP proteins.7,8 Moreover, the actin-regulating Septins play key roles in actin organization9 and are implicated in PCP and CE in frogs, mice, and fish5,6,10,11,12 but execute only a subset of PCP-dependent cell behaviors. Septin loss recapitulates the severe tissue-level CE defects seen after core PCP disruption yet leaves overt cell polarity intact.5 Together, these results highlight the general fact that cell movement requires coordinated action by distinct but integrated actin populations, such as lamella and lamellipodia in migrating cells13 or medial and junctional actin populations in cells engaged in apical constriction.14,15 In the context of Xenopus mesoderm CE, three such actin populations are important, a superficial meshwork known as the "node-and-cable" system,4,16,17,18 a contractile network at deep cell-cell junctions,6,19 and mediolaterally oriented actin-rich protrusions, which are present both superficially and deeply.4,19,20,21 Here, we exploited the amenability of the uniquely "two-dimensional" node and cable system to probe the relationship between PCP proteins, Septins, and the polarization of this actin network. We find that the PCP proteins Vangl2 and Prickle2 and Septins co-localize at nodes, and that the node and cable system displays a cryptic, PCP- and Septin-dependent anteroposterior (AP) polarity in its organization and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Devitt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shinuo Weng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - José Alvarado
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Baral B, Kandpal M, Ray A, Jana A, Yadav DS, Sachin K, Mishra A, Baig MS, Jha HC. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in cell polarity alterations. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:41-57. [PMID: 37672163 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetrical distribution of the cellular organelles inside the cell is maintained by a group of cell polarity proteins. The maintenance of polarity is one of the vital host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and the loss of it contributes to infection facilitation and cancer progression. Studies have suggested that infection of viruses and bacteria alters cell polarity. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus are group I carcinogens involved in the progression of multiple clinical conditions besides gastric cancer (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, the coinfection of both these pathogens contributes to a highly aggressive form of GC. H. pylori and EBV target the host cell polarity complexes for their pathogenesis. H. pylori-associated proteins like CagA, VacA OipA, and urease were shown to imbalance the cellular homeostasis by altering the cell polarity. Similarly, EBV-associated genes LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBNA3C, and EBNA1 also contribute to altered cell asymmetry. This review summarized all the possible mechanisms involved in cell polarity deformation in H. pylori and EBV-infected epithelial cells. We have also discussed deregulated molecular pathways like NF-κB, TGF-β/SMAD, and β-catenin in H. pylori, EBV, and their coinfection that further modulate PAR, SCRIB, or CRB polarity complexes in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Anushka Ray
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Ankit Jana
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh Yadav
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Pune, DFSS, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Talegaon MIDC Phase-1, Near JCB Factory, Pune, Maharashtra, 410506, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 016, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65 Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Sugiyama Y, Reed DA, Herrmann D, Lovicu FJ, Robinson ML, Timpson P, Masai I. Fibroblast growth factor-induced lens fiber cell elongation is driven by the stepwise activity of Rho and Rac. Development 2024; 151:dev202123. [PMID: 38240393 PMCID: PMC10911273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The spheroidal shape of the eye lens is crucial for precise light focusing onto the retina. This shape is determined by concentrically aligned, convexly elongated lens fiber cells along the anterior and posterior axis of the lens. Upon differentiation at the lens equator, the fiber cells increase in height as their apical and basal tips migrate towards the anterior and posterior poles, respectively. The forces driving this elongation and migration remain unclear. We found that, in the mouse lens, membrane protrusions or lamellipodia are observed only in the maturing fibers undergoing cell curve conversion, indicating that lamellipodium formation is not the primary driver of earlier fiber migration. We demonstrated that elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) suppressed the extension of Rac-dependent protrusions, suggesting changes in the activity of FGF controlling Rac activity, switching to lamellipodium-driven migration. Inhibitors of ROCK, myosin and actin reduced the height of both early and later fibers, indicating that elongation of these fibers relies on actomyosin contractility. Consistent with this, active RhoA was detected throughout these fibers. Given that FGF promotes fiber elongation, we propose that it does so through regulation of Rho activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugiyama
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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40
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Cetera M, Sharan R, Hayward-Lara G, Devenport D. Evaluating Planar Cell Polarity in the Developing Mouse Epidermis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2805:187-201. [PMID: 39008183 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3854-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal tissues are among the most striking examples of planar polarity. Insect bristles, fish scales, and mammalian fur are all uniformly oriented along an animal's body axis. The collective alignment of epidermal structures provides a valuable system to interrogate the signaling mechanisms that coordinate cellular behaviors at both local and tissue-levels. Here, we provide methods to analyze the planar organization of hair follicles within the mouse epidermis. Hair follicles are specified and bud into the underlying dermis during embryonic development. Shortly after, follicle cells dynamically rearrange to orient each follicle toward the anterior of the animal. When directional signaling is disrupted, hair follicles become misoriented. In this chapter, we describe how to create a spatial map of hair follicle orientations to reveal tissue-scale patterns in both embryonic and postnatal skin. Additionally, we provide a live imaging protocol that can be used to monitor cell movements in embryonic skin explants to reveal the cellular behaviors that polarize the hair follicle itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Cetera
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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41
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Peglion F, Etienne-Manneville S. Cell polarity changes in cancer initiation and progression. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308069. [PMID: 38091012 PMCID: PMC10720656 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity, which consists of the morphological, structural, and functional organization of cells along a defined axis, is a feature of healthy cells and tissues. In contrast, abnormal polarity is a hallmark of cancer cells. At the molecular level, key evolutionarily conserved proteins that control polarity establishment and maintenance in various contexts are frequently altered in cancer, but the relevance of these molecular alterations in the oncogenic processes is not always clear. Here, we summarize the recent findings, shedding new light on the involvement of polarity players in cancer development, and discuss the possibility of harnessing cell polarity changes to better predict, diagnose, and cure cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peglion
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Université de Paris, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Université de Paris, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2023, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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42
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Piscitello-Gómez R, Gruber FS, Krishna A, Duclut C, Modes CD, Popović M, Jülicher F, Dye NA, Eaton S. Core PCP mutations affect short-time mechanical properties but not tissue morphogenesis in the Drosophila pupal wing. eLife 2023; 12:e85581. [PMID: 38117039 PMCID: PMC10843330 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
How morphogenetic movements are robustly coordinated in space and time is a fundamental open question in biology. We study this question using the wing of Drosophila melanogaster, an epithelial tissue that undergoes large-scale tissue flows during pupal stages. Previously, we showed that pupal wing morphogenesis involves both cellular behaviors that allow relaxation of mechanical tissue stress, as well as cellular behaviors that appear to be actively patterned (Etournay et al., 2015). Here, we show that these active cellular behaviors are not guided by the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, a conserved signaling system that guides tissue development in many other contexts. We find no significant phenotype on the cellular dynamics underlying pupal morphogenesis in mutants of core PCP. Furthermore, using laser ablation experiments, coupled with a rheological model to describe the dynamics of the response to laser ablation, we conclude that while core PCP mutations affect the fast timescale response to laser ablation they do not significantly affect overall tissue mechanics. In conclusion, our work shows that cellular dynamics and tissue shape changes during Drosophila pupal wing morphogenesis do not require core PCP as an orientational guiding cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Piscitello-Gómez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Franz S Gruber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- National Phenotypic Screening Centre, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Abhijeet Krishna
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Charlie Duclut
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex SystemsDresdenGermany
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes ComplexesParisFrance
| | - Carl D Modes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Marko Popović
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex SystemsDresdenGermany
| | - Frank Jülicher
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex SystemsDresdenGermany
| | - Natalie A Dye
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Mildred Scheel Nachwuchszentrum P2, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Suzanne Eaton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- DFG Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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43
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Devenport D. Cell polarity: How to build an asymmetric bridge. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1306-R1309. [PMID: 38113846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A new study provides key insights into planar cell polarity (PCP) establishment through the discovery of molecular asymmetries in the homotypic adhesive interactions of the PCP cadherin, Flamingo, resulting in the formation of asymmetric, intercellular bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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44
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Strutt H, Warrington S, Madathil ACK, Langenhan T, Strutt D. Molecular symmetry breaking in the Frizzled-dependent planar polarity pathway. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5340-5354.e6. [PMID: 37995695 PMCID: PMC7616066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The core planar polarity pathway consists of six proteins that form asymmetric intercellular complexes that segregate to opposite cell ends in developing tissues and specify polarized cell structures or behaviors. Within these complexes, the atypical cadherin Flamingo localizes on both sides of intercellular junctions, where it interacts homophilically in trans via its cadherin repeats, whereas the transmembrane proteins Frizzled and Strabismus localize to the opposite sides of apposing junctions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of such asymmetric complexes are poorly understood. Using a novel tissue culture system, we determine the minimum requirements for asymmetric complex assembly in the absence of confounding feedback mechanisms. We show that complexes are intrinsically asymmetric and that an interaction of Frizzled and Flamingo in one cell with Flamingo in the neighboring cell is the key symmetry-breaking step. In contrast, Strabismus is unable to promote homophilic Flamingo trans binding and is only recruited into complexes once Frizzled has entered on the opposite side. This interaction with Strabismus requires intact intracellular loops of the seven-pass transmembrane domain of Flamingo. Once recruited, Strabismus stabilizes the intercellular complexes together with the three cytoplasmic core proteins. We propose a model whereby Flamingo exists in a closed conformation and binding of Frizzled in one cell results in a conformational change that allows its cadherin repeats to interact with a Flamingo molecule in the neighboring cell. Flamingo in the adjacent cell then undergoes a further change in the seven-pass transmembrane region that promotes the recruitment of Strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Strutt
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Samantha Warrington
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Strutt
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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45
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Polsani N, Yung T, Thomas E, Phung-Rojas M, Gupta I, Denker J, Feng X, Ibarra B, Hopyan S, Atit RP. Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570300. [PMID: 38106005 PMCID: PMC10723314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral for calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. During apical expansion, we found that mouse calvarial primordia have consistent cellular proliferation, density, and survival with complex tissue scale deformations, raising the possibility that morphogenetic movements underlie expansion. Time lapse light sheet imaging of mouse embryos revealed that calvarial progenitors intercalate in 3D to converge supraorbital arch mesenchyme mediolaterally and extend it apically. In contrast, progenitors located further apically exhibited protrusive and crawling activity. CM cells express non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) core components and calvarial osteoblasts are bidirectionally polarized. We found non-canonical ligand, Wnt5a-/- mutants have less dynamic cell rearrangements, protrusive activity, and a flattened head shape. Loss of cranial mesenchyme-restricted Wntless (CM-Wls), a gene required for secretion of all Wnt ligands, led to diminished apical expansion of OSX+ calvarial osteoblasts in the frontal bone primordia in a non-cell autonomous manner without perturbing proliferation or survival. Calvarial osteoblast polarization, progressive cell elongation and enrichment for actin cytoskeleton protein along the baso-apical axis were dependent on CM-Wnts. Thus, CM-Wnts regulate cellular behaviors during calvarial morphogenesis and provide tissue level cues for efficient apical expansion of calvarial osteoblasts. These findings also offer potential insights into the etiologies of calvarial dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaya Polsani
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Theodora Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Phung-Rojas
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julie Denker
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Ibarra
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Orthopedics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Radhika P. Atit
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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46
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Song S, Cho B, Weiner AT, Nissen SB, Ojeda Naharros I, Sanchez Bosch P, Suyama K, Hu Y, He L, Svinkina T, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Perrimon N, Axelrod JD. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates core PCP signaling. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56997. [PMID: 37975164 PMCID: PMC10702827 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes epithelial cells within the plane of an epithelium. Core PCP signaling components adopt asymmetric subcellular localizations within cells to both polarize and coordinate polarity between cells. Achieving subcellular asymmetry requires additional effectors, including some mediating post-translational modifications of core components. Identification of such proteins is challenging due to pleiotropy. We used mass spectrometry-based proximity labeling proteomics to identify such regulators in the Drosophila wing. We identified the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase1, Pp1-87B, and show that it regulates core protein polarization. Pp1-87B interacts with the core protein Van Gogh and at least one serine/threonine kinase, Dco/CKIε, that is known to regulate PCP. Pp1-87B modulates Van Gogh subcellular localization and directs its dephosphorylation in vivo. PNUTS, a Pp1 regulatory subunit, also modulates PCP. While the direct substrate(s) of Pp1-87B in control of PCP is not known, our data support the model that cycling between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of one or more core PCP components may regulate acquisition of asymmetry. Finally, our screen serves as a resource for identifying additional regulators of PCP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Song
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Present address:
GenScriptPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Alexis T Weiner
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Silas Boye Nissen
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Kaye Suyama
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Li He
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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Sugiyama Y, Reed DA, Herrmann D, Lovicu FJ, Robinson ML, Timpson P, Masai I. Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced lens fiber cell elongation is driven by the stepwise activity of Rho and Rac. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569812. [PMID: 38106159 PMCID: PMC10723307 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The spheroidal shape of the eye lens is critical for precise light focusing onto the retina. This shape is determined by concentrically aligned, convexly elongated lens fiber cells along the anterior and posterior axis of the lens. Upon differentiation at the lens equator, the fiber cells increase in height as their apical and basal tips migrate towards the anterior and posterior poles, respectively. The forces driving this elongation and migration remain unclear. We found that membrane protrusions or lamellipodia are observed only in the maturing fibers undergoing cell curve conversion, indicating lamellipodium is not the primary driver of earlier fiber migration. We demonstrated that elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) suppressed the extension of Rac-dependent protrusions, suggesting changes in the activity of FGF controling Rac activity, switching to lamellipodium-driven migration. Inhibitors of ROCK, myosin, and actin reduced the height of both early and later fibers, indicating elongation of these fibers relies on actomyosin contractility. Consistently, active RhoA was detected throughout these fibers. Given that FGF promotes fiber elongation, we propose it to do so through regulation of Rho activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugiyama
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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48
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Li Y, Jiang W, Zhou X, Long Y, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Yao X. Advances in Regulating Cellular Behavior Using Micropatterns. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023; 96:527-547. [PMID: 38161579 PMCID: PMC10751872 DOI: 10.59249/uxoh1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Micropatterns, characterized as distinct physical microstructures or chemical adhesion matrices on substance surfaces, have emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating cellular activity. By creating specific extracellular matrix microenvironments, micropatterns can influence various cell behaviors, including orientation, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the use of micropatterns for cell behavior regulation. It discusses the influence of micropattern morphology and coating on cell behavior and the underlying mechanisms. It also highlights future research directions in this field, aiming to inspire new investigations in materials medicine, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. The review underscores the potential of micropatterns as a novel approach for controlling cell behavior, which could pave the way for breakthroughs in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National
Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.
China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Yicen Long
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School
of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,
Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan
Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital
of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R.
China
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49
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Edwards NA, Kashyap A, Warren A, Agricola ZN, Kenny AP, Shen Y, Chung WK, Zorn AM. Disrupted endosomal trafficking of the Vangl-Celsr polarity complex underlies congenital anomalies in trachea-esophageal morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561909. [PMID: 37873300 PMCID: PMC10592723 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions in foregut morphogenesis can result in life-threatening conditions where the trachea and esophagus fail to separate properly, such as esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF). The developmental basis of these congenital anomalies is poorly understood, but recent genome sequencing reveals that de novo variants in intracellular trafficking genes are enriched in EA/TEF patients. Here we show that mutation of orthologous genes in Xenopus disrupts trachea-esophageal separation similar to EA/TEF patients. We show that the Rab11a recycling endosome pathway is required to localize Vangl-Celsr polarity complexes at the cell surface where opposite sides of the common foregut tube fuse. Partial loss of endosome trafficking or the Vangl/Celsr complex disrupts epithelial polarity and cell division orientation. Mutant cells accumulate at the fusion point, fail to downregulate cadherin, and do not separate into distinct trachea and esophagus. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms of congenital anomalies and general paradigms of tissue fusion during organogenesis.
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50
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Vuong LT, Mlodzik M. The complex relationship of Wnt-signaling pathways and cilia. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:95-125. [PMID: 38043953 PMCID: PMC11287783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Wnt family proteins are secreted glycolipoproteins that signal through multitude of signal transduction pathways. The Wnt-pathways are conserved and critical in all metazoans. They are essential for embryonic development, organogenesis and homeostasis, and associated with many diseases when defective or deregulated. Wnt signaling pathways comprise the canonical Wnt pathway, best known for its stabilization of β-catenin and associated nuclear β-catenin activity in gene regulation, and several non-canonical signaling branches. Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling has received the most attention among the non-canonical Wnt pathways. The relationship of cilia to Wnt-signaling is complex. While it was suggested that canonical Wnt signaling requires cilia this notion was always challenged by results suggesting the opposite. Recent developments provide insight and clarification to the relationship of Wnt signaling pathways and cilia. First, it has been now demonstrated that while ciliary proteins, in particular the IFT-A complex, are required for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the cilium as a structure is not. In contrast, recent work has defined a diverged canonical signaling branch (not affecting β-catenin) to be required for ciliary biogenesis and cilia function. Furthermore, the non-canonical Wnt-PCP pathway does not affect cilia biogenesis per se, but it regulates the position of cilia within cells in many cell types, possibly in all cells where it is active, with cilia being placed near the side of the cell that has the Frizzled-Dishevelled complex. This Wnt/PCP feature is conserved with both centrioles and basal bodies/cilia being positioned accordingly, and it is also used to align mitotic spindles within the Wnt-PCP polarization axis. It also coordinates the alignment of cilia in multiciliated cells. This article addresses these new insights and different links and relationships between cilia and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Vuong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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