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Vivo M, Rosti V, Cervone S, Lanzuolo C. Chromatin plasticity in mechanotransduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102376. [PMID: 38810318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms can detect and respond to physical forces at the cellular level. The pathways that transmit these forces to the nucleus allow cells to react quickly and consistently to environmental changes. Mechanobiology involves the interaction between physical forces and biological processes and is crucial for driving embryonic development and adapting to environmental cues during adulthood. Molecular studies have shown that cells can sense mechanical signals directly through membrane receptors linked to the cytoskeleton or indirectly through biochemical cascades that can influence gene expression for environmental adaptation. This review will explore the role of epigenetic modifications, emphasizing the 3D genome architecture and nuclear structures as responders to mechanical stimuli, which ensure cellular memory and adaptability. Understanding how mechanical cues are transduced and regulate cell functioning, governing processes such as cell programming and reprogramming, is essential for advancing our knowledge of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vivo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Valentina Rosti
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cervone
- INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Sen B, Xie Z, Thomas MD, Pattenden SG, Howard S, McGrath C, Styner M, Uzer G, Furey TS, Rubin J. Nuclear actin structure regulates chromatin accessibility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4095. [PMID: 38750021 PMCID: PMC11096319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerized β-actin may provide a structural basis for chromatin accessibility and actin transport into the nucleus can guide mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Using MSC, we show that using CK666 to inhibit Arp2/3 directed secondary actin branching results in decreased nuclear actin structure, and significantly alters chromatin access measured with ATACseq at 24 h. The ATAC-seq results due to CK666 are distinct from those caused by cytochalasin D (CytoD), which enhances nuclear actin structure. In addition, nuclear visualization shows Arp2/3 inhibition decreases pericentric H3K9me3 marks. CytoD, alternatively, induces redistribution of H3K27me3 marks centrally. Such alterations in chromatin landscape are consistent with differential gene expression associated with distinctive differentiation patterns. Further, knockdown of the non-enzymatic monomeric actin binding protein, Arp4, leads to extensive chromatin unpacking, but only a modest increase in transcription, indicating an active role for actin-Arp4 in transcription. These data indicate that dynamic actin remodeling can regulate chromatin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle D Thomas
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha G Pattenden
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sean Howard
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Ulferts S, Lopes M, Miyamoto K, Grosse R. Nuclear actin dynamics and functions at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261630. [PMID: 38563209 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin is well known for its cytoskeletal functions, where it helps to control and maintain cell shape and architecture, as well as regulating cell migration and intracellular cargo transport, among others. However, actin is also prevalent in the nucleus, where genome-regulating roles have been described, including it being part of chromatin-remodeling complexes. More recently, with the help of advances in microscopy techniques and specialized imaging probes, direct visualization of nuclear actin filament dynamics has helped elucidate new roles for nuclear actin, such as in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and repair, chromatin organization and transcriptional condensate formation. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the known signaling events driving the dynamic assembly of actin into filaments of various structures within the nuclear compartment for essential genome functions. Additionally, we highlight the physiological role of nuclear F-actin in meiosis and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Rubio LS, Gross DS. Dynamic coalescence of yeast Heat Shock Protein genes bypasses the requirement for actin. Genetics 2023; 223:iyad006. [PMID: 36659814 PMCID: PMC10319981 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been implicated in dynamic chromatin rearrangements in diverse eukaryotes. In mammalian cells, it is required to reposition double-strand DNA breaks to enable homologous recombination repair and to enhance transcription by facilitating RNA Pol II recruitment to gene promoters. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nuclear actin modulates interphase chromosome dynamics and is required to reposition the induced INO1 gene to the nuclear periphery. Here, we have investigated the role of actin in driving intergenic interactions between Heat Shock Factor 1 (Hsf1)-regulated Heat Shock Protein (HSP) genes in budding yeast. These genes, dispersed on multiple chromosomes, dramatically reposition following exposure of cells to acute thermal stress, leading to their clustering within dynamic biomolecular condensates. Using an auxin-induced degradation strategy, we found that conditional depletion of nucleators of either linear or branched F-actin (Bni1/Bnr1 and Arp2, respectively) had little or no effect on heat shock-induced HSP gene coalescence or transcription. In addition, we found that pretreatment of cells with latrunculin A, an inhibitor of both filamentous and monomeric actin, failed to affect intergenic interactions between activated HSP genes and their heat shock-induced intragenic looping and folding. Moreover, latrunculin A pretreatment had little effect on HSP gene expression at either RNA or protein levels. In notable contrast, we confirmed that repositioning of activated INO1 to the nuclear periphery and its proper expression do require actin. Collectively, our work suggests that transcriptional activation and 3D genome restructuring of thermally induced, Hsf1-regulated genes can occur in the absence of actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - David S Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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5
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Padhan SK, Bag J, Panda M, Biswal BK, Sahoo H, Mishra M, Sahu SN. Synthesis of First Coumarin Fluorescent Dye for Actin Visualization. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2113-2120. [PMID: 36264777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective fluorescence imaging of actin protein hugely depends on the fluorescently labeled actin-binding domain (ABD). Thus, it is always a challenging task to image the actin protein (in vivo or in vitro) directly with an ABD-free system. To overcome the limitations of actin imaging without an ABD, we have designed a facile and cost-effective red fluorescent coumarin dye 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (CTC) for actin binding. The selective binding of the dye was investigated using the gut and eye of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and C2C12 and SCC-9 cell lines. Our result suggests two major advantages of CTC over the dyes presently used for imaging actin proteins. First, the dye can bind to actin efficiently without any secondary intermediate. Second, it is much more stable at room temperature and exhibits excellent photostability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent dye that can bind to the actin protein without employing any secondary intermediate/actin-binding domain. These findings could pave the way for many biologists and physicists to successfully employ the CTC dye for imaging and tracking actin proteins by fluorescence microscopy in various in vivo and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kumar Padhan
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Janmejaya Bag
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Harekrushna Sahoo
- Biophysical and Protein Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Satya Narayan Sahu
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, Odisha, India
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Gunasekaran S, Miyagawa Y, Miyamoto K. Actin nucleoskeleton in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Echarri A. A Multisensory Network Drives Nuclear Mechanoadaptation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030404. [PMID: 35327596 PMCID: PMC8945967 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have adapted to mechanical forces early in evolution and have developed multiple mechanisms ensuring sensing of, and adaptation to, the diversity of forces operating outside and within organisms. The nucleus must necessarily adapt to all types of mechanical signals, as its functions are essential for virtually all cell processes, many of which are tuned by mechanical cues. To sense forces, the nucleus is physically connected with the cytoskeleton, which senses and transmits forces generated outside and inside the cell. The nuclear LINC complex bridges the cytoskeleton and the nuclear lamina to transmit mechanical information up to the chromatin. This system creates a force-sensing macromolecular complex that, however, is not sufficient to regulate all nuclear mechanoadaptation processes. Within the nucleus, additional mechanosensitive structures, including the nuclear envelope and the nuclear pore complex, function to regulate nuclear mechanoadaptation. Similarly, extra nuclear mechanosensitive systems based on plasma membrane dynamics, mechanotransduce information to the nucleus. Thus, the nucleus has the intrinsic structural components needed to receive and interpret mechanical inputs, but also rely on extra nuclear mechano-sensors that activate nuclear regulators in response to force. Thus, a network of mechanosensitive cell structures ensures that the nucleus has a tunable response to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Echarri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Areas of Cell & Developmental Biology, Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Rubin J, van Wijnen AJ, Uzer G. Architectural control of mesenchymal stem cell phenotype through nuclear actin. Nucleus 2022; 13:35-48. [PMID: 35133922 PMCID: PMC8837231 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2029297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that architectural components of the nucleus regulate gene accessibility by altering chromatin organization. While nuclear membrane connector proteins link the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton, actin’s contribution to the inner architecture of the nucleus remains enigmatic. Control of actin transport into the nucleus, plus the presence of proteins that control actin structure (the actin tool-box) within the nucleus, suggests that nuclear actin may support biomechanical regulation of gene expression. Cellular actin structure is mechanoresponsive: actin cables generated through forces experienced at the plasma membrane transmit force into the nucleus. We posit that dynamic actin remodeling in response to such biomechanical cues provides a novel level of structural control over the epigenetic landscape. We here propose to bring awareness to the fact that mechanical forces can promote actin transfer into the nucleus and control structural arrangements as illustrated in mesenchymal stem cells, thereby modulating lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vt, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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9
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Abstract
Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort neighboring cells and the surrounding connective tissue, which propagate mechanochemical signals over long distances to guide tissue patterning, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. As the largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus is particularly sensitive to mechanical force and deformation. Nuclear responses to mechanical force include adaptations in chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity that trigger changes in cell state. These force-driven changes also influence the mechanical properties of chromatin and nuclei themselves to prevent aberrant alterations in nuclear shape and help maintain genome integrity. This review will discuss principles of nuclear mechanotransduction and chromatin mechanics and their role in DNA damage and cell fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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10
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Koronfel M, Kounatidis I, Mwangangi DM, Vyas N, Okolo C, Jadhav A, Fish T, Chotchuang P, Schulte A, Robinson RC, Harkiolaki M. Correlative cryo-imaging of the cellular universe with soft X-rays and laser light used to track F-actin structures in mammalian cells. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1479-1485. [PMID: 34866605 PMCID: PMC8647181 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321010329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of actin filaments is crucial due to the integral role that they play in many cellular functions such as intracellular transport, membrane remodelling and cell motility. Visualizing actin filaments has so far relied on fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy/tomography. The former lacks the capacity to capture the overall local ultrastructure, while the latter requires rigorous sample preparation that can lead to potential artefacts, and only delivers relatively small volumes of imaging data at the thinnest areas of a cell. In this work, a correlative approach utilizing in situ super-resolution fluorescence imaging and cryo X-ray tomography was used to image bundles of actin filaments deep inside cells under near-native conditions. In this case, fluorescence 3D imaging localized the actin bundles within the intracellular space, while X-ray tomograms of the same areas provided detailed views of the local ultrastructure. Using this new approach, actin trails connecting vesicles in the perinuclear area and hotspots of actin presence within and around multivesicular bodies were observed. The characteristic prevalence of filamentous actin in cytoplasmic extensions was also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koronfel
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis M. Mwangangi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Nina Vyas
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Chidinma Okolo
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Jadhav
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Fish
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Phatcharin Chotchuang
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Albert Schulte
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Robert C. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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Venit T, El Said NH, Mahmood SR, Percipalle P. A dynamic actin-dependent nucleoskeleton and cell identity. J Biochem 2021; 169:243-257. [PMID: 33351909 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an essential regulator of cellular functions. In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, actin regulates chromatin as a bona fide component of chromatin remodelling complexes, it associates with nuclear RNA polymerases to regulate transcription and is involved in co-transcriptional assembly of nascent RNAs into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Actin dynamics are, therefore, emerging as a major regulatory factor affecting diverse cellular processes. Importantly, the involvement of actin dynamics in nuclear functions is redefining the concept of nucleoskeleton from a rigid scaffold to a dynamic entity that is likely linked to the three-dimensional organization of the nuclear genome. In this review, we discuss how nuclear actin, by regulating chromatin structure through phase separation may contribute to the architecture of the nuclear genome during cell differentiation and facilitate the expression of specific gene programs. We focus specifically on mitochondrial genes and how their dysregulation in the absence of actin raises important questions about the role of cytoskeletal proteins in regulating chromatin structure. The discovery of a novel pool of mitochondrial actin that serves as 'mitoskeleton' to facilitate organization of mtDNA supports a general role for actin in genome architecture and a possible function of distinct actin pools in the communication between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Hosny El Said
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Silver Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Forlani G, Di Ventura B. A light way for nuclear cell biologists. J Biochem 2021; 169:273-286. [PMID: 33245128 PMCID: PMC8053400 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus is a very complex organelle present in eukaryotic cells. Having the crucial task to safeguard, organize and manage the genetic information, it must tightly control its molecular constituents, its shape and its internal architecture at any given time. Despite our vast knowledge of nuclear cell biology, much is yet to be unravelled. For instance, only recently we came to appreciate the existence of a dynamic nuclear cytoskeleton made of actin filaments that regulates processes such as gene expression, DNA repair and nuclear expansion. This suggests further exciting discoveries ahead of us. Modern cell biologists embrace a new methodology relying on precise perturbations of cellular processes that require a reversible, highly spatially confinable, rapid, inexpensive and tunEable external stimulus: light. In this review, we discuss how optogenetics, the state-of-the-art technology that uses genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins to steer biological processes, can be adopted to specifically investigate nuclear cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Forlani
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM)
- Centers for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS and CIBSS
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Ventura
- Centers for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS and CIBSS
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Ženata O, Panáček A, Kvítek L, Vrzal R. The impact of graphene oxide on androgen receptor signalling in prostate cancer cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128759. [PMID: 33153849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is triggered by androgens that have lipophilic nature. Since it was indicated that graphene oxide (GO) might facilitate passive diffusion of lipophilic compounds probably via Trojan horse-like mechanism, we tested the hypothesis if this suggestion would apply for androgens as well. Thus, we investigated if GO affects dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-triggered signalling of AR in two prostate cancer-derived cell lines, 22Rv1 and LNCaP. These cell lines differ in number of AR variants, i.e. there are two variants in 22Rv1 cells (full length and truncated) but only one in LNCaP cells (full length). Graphene oxide had no effect on basal luciferase activity but significantly decreased DHT-inducible AR-dependent luciferase activity in stably transfected cells. In 22Rv1 cells, it induced concentration-dependent decrease of DHT-inducible KLK3 mRNA and PSA protein after 24 h. While there was no effect on UBE2C mRNA (regulated by truncated variant), there was synergistic effect of DHT and GO on UBE2C protein level. Translocation of full-length AR (AR-FL) was potentiated by GO in the presence of DHT in 22Rv1 cells but it was suppressed in LNCaP cells. DHT-stimulated enrichment of AR-FL on KLK3 promoter was not significantly affected by GO in any tested cell line neither was KLK3 mRNA at 4 h of incubation. In conclusion, GO affects DHT-triggered signalling in both types of cells in similar manner, but ligand-triggered redistribution of AR-FL is affected differently. One of the reasons may be the presence of truncated variant of androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Ženata
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kvítek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic.
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14
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Ulferts S, Prajapati B, Grosse R, Vartiainen MK. Emerging Properties and Functions of Actin and Actin Filaments Inside the Nucleus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040121. [PMID: 33288541 PMCID: PMC7919393 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have provided considerable insights into the dynamic nature of the cell nucleus, which is constantly reorganizing its genome, controlling its size and shape, as well as spatiotemporally orchestrating chromatin remodeling and transcription. Remarkably, it has become clear that the ancient and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein actin plays a crucial part in these processes. However, the underlying mechanisms, regulations, and properties of actin functions inside the nucleus are still not well understood. Here we summarize the diverse and distinct roles of monomeric and filamentous actin as well as the emerging roles for actin dynamics inside the nuclear compartment for genome organization and nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria K. Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao S, Wu X. Identification of A functional region in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus VP39 that is essential for nuclear actin polymerization. Virology 2020; 550:37-50. [PMID: 32877775 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear actin polymerization plays an indispensable role in the nuclear assembly of baculovirus nucleocapsid, but the underlying viral infection-mediated mechanism remains unclear. VP39 is the major protein in baculovirus capsid, which builds the skeleton of the capsid tubular structure. VP39 is suggested in previous studies to interact with cellular actin and mediate actin polymerization. However, it is unclear about the role of VP39 in mediating nuclear actin polymerization. Results in this study indicated that vp39 deletion abolished nuclear actin polymerization, which was recovered after vp39 repair, revealing the essential part of VP39 in nuclear actin polymerization. Furthermore, a series of mutants with vp39 deletions were constructed to analyze the important region responsible for nuclear actin polymerization. In addition, intracellular localization analysis demonstrated that the amino acids 192-286 in VP39 C-terminal are responsible for nuclear actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shudi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Fan JR, You LR, Wang WJ, Huang WS, Chu CT, Chi YH, Chen HC. Lamin A-mediated nuclear lamina integrity is required for proper ciliogenesis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49680. [PMID: 32815283 PMCID: PMC7534621 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that receives specific signals from the extracellular environment important for vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. Lamins, the major components of the nuclear lamina, are required to maintain the nuclear structure and are involved in most nuclear activities. In this study, we show that deficiency in lamin A/C causes defective ciliogenesis, accompanied by increased cytoplasmic accumulation of actin monomers and increased formation of actin filaments. Disruption of actin filaments by cytochalasin D rescues the defective ciliogenesis in lamin A/C-depleted cells. Moreover, lamin A/C-deficient cells display lower levels of nesprin 2 and defects in recruiting Arp2, myosin Va, and tau tubulin kinase 2 to the basal body during ciliogenesis. Collectively, our results uncover a functional link between nuclear lamina integrity and ciliogenesis and implicate the malfunction of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Abstract
The presence of actin in the nucleus has historically been a highly contentious issue. It is now, however, well accepted that actin has physiologically important roles in the nucleus. In this Review, we describe the evolution of our thinking about actin in the nucleus starting with evidence supporting its involvement in transcription, chromatin remodeling and intranuclear movements. We also review the growing literature on the mechanisms that regulate the import and export of actin and how post-translational modifications of actin could regulate nuclear actin. We end with an extended discussion of the role of nuclear actin in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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18
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Khan AU, Qu R, Fan T, Ouyang J, Dai J. A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32678016 PMCID: PMC7364498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lineage commitment by MSCs is influenced by actin remodeling. Moreover, actin has roles in determining cell shape, nuclear shape, cell spreading, and cell stiffness, which eventually affect cell differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation is promoted in MSCs that exhibit a large spreading area, increased matrix stiffness, higher levels of actin polymerization, and higher density of stress fibers, whereas adipogenic differentiation is prevalent in MSCs with disrupted actin networks. In addition, the mechanical properties of F-actin empower cells to sense and transduce mechanical stimuli, which are also reported to influence differentiation. Various biomaterials, mechanical, and chemical interventions along with pathogen-induced actin alteration in the form of polymerization and depolymerization in MSC differentiation were studied recently. This review will cover the role of actin and its modifications through the use of different methods in inducing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Cook AW, Gough RE, Toseland CP. Nuclear myosins - roles for molecular transporters and anchors. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/11/jcs242420. [PMID: 32499319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myosin family of molecular motors are well-characterised cytoskeletal proteins. However, myosins are also present in the nucleus, where they have been shown to have roles in transcription, DNA repair and viral infections. Despite their involvement in these fundamental cellular processes, our understanding of these functions and their regulation remains limited. Recently, research on nuclear myosins has been gathering pace, and this Review will evaluate the current state of the field. Here, we will focus on the variation in structure of nuclear myosins, their nuclear import and their roles within transcription, DNA damage, chromatin organisation and viral infections. We will also consider both the biochemical and biophysical properties and restraints that are placed on these multifunctional motors, and how they link to their cytoplasmic counterparts. By highlighting these properties and processes, we show just how integral nuclear myosins are for cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Cook
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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20
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Nuclear actin dynamics in gene expression and genome organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 102:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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D-Aspartate Upregulates DAAM1 Protein Levels in the Rat Testis and Induces Its Localization in Spermatogonia Nucleus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050677. [PMID: 32353957 PMCID: PMC7277804 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation during spermatogenesis requires a proper actin dynamic, regulated by several proteins, including formins. Disheveled-Associated-Activator of Morphogenesis1 (DAAM1) belongs to the formins and promotes actin polymerization. Our results showed that oral D-Aspartate (D-Asp) administration, an excitatory amino acid, increased DAAM1 protein levels in germ cells cytoplasm of rat testis. Interestingly, after the treatment, DAAM1 also localized in rat spermatogonia (SPG) and mouse GC-1 cells nuclei. We provided bioinformatic evidence that DAAM1 sequence has two predicted NLS, supporting its nuclear localization. The data also suggested a role of D-Asp in promoting DAAM1 shuttling to the nuclear compartment of those proliferative cells. In addition, the proliferative action induced by D-Asp is confirmed by the increased levels of PCNA, a protein expressed in the nucleus of cells in the S phase and p-H3, a histone crucial for chromatin condensation during mitosis and meiosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, an increased DAAM1 protein levels following D-Asp treatment in rat testis and also its localization in the nucleus of rat SPG and in mouse GC-1 cells. Our results suggest an assumed role for this formin as a regulator of actin dynamics in both cytoplasm and nuclei of the germ cells.
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22
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Tsopoulidis N, Kaw S, Laketa V, Kutscheidt S, Baarlink C, Stolp B, Grosse R, Fackler OT. T cell receptor-triggered nuclear actin network formation drives CD4 + T cell effector functions. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/31/eaav1987. [PMID: 30610013 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling triggers selective cytokine expression to drive T cell proliferation and differentiation required for immune defense and surveillance. The nuclear signaling events responsible for specificity in cytokine gene expression upon T cell activation are largely unknown. Here, we uncover formation of a dynamic actin filament network in the nucleus that regulates cytokine expression for effector functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes. TCR engagement triggers the rapid and transient formation of a nuclear actin filament network via nuclear Arp2/3 complex, induced by elevated nuclear Ca2+ levels and regulated via N-Wasp and NIK. Specific interference with TCR-induced formation of nuclear actin filaments impairs production of effector cytokines and prevents generation of antigen-specific antibodies but does not interfere with immune synapse formation and cell proliferation. Ca2+-regulated actin polymerization in the nucleus allows CD4+ T cells the rapid conversion of TCR signals into effector functions required for T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsopoulidis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kaw
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kutscheidt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Baarlink
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Stolp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Grosse
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, CIID, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Wei M, Fan X, Ding M, Li R, Shao S, Hou Y, Meng S, Tang F, Li C, Sun Y. Nuclear actin regulates inducible transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase II clustering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6515. [PMID: 32494599 PMCID: PMC7159918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in response to stimuli underlies many fundamental processes. However, how transcription is regulated under these scenarios is largely unknown. Here, we find a previously unknown role of nuclear actin in transcriptional regulation. The RNA-seq data reveal that nuclear actin is required for the serum-induced transcriptional program. Using super-resolution imaging, we found a remarkable enhancement of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) clustering upon serum stimulation, and this enhancement requires nuclear actin. Pol II clusters colocalized with the serum-response genes and nuclear actin filaments upon serum stimulation. Furthermore, N-WASP is required for serum-enhanced Pol II clustering. N-WASP phase-separated with Pol II and nuclear actin. In addition to serum stimulation, nuclear actin also enhanced Pol II clustering upon interferon-γ treatment. Together, our work unveils that nuclear actin promotes the formation of transcription factory on inducible genes, acting as a general mechanism underlying the rapid response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shipeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaoshuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Zhu S, Paydar M, Wang F, Li Y, Wang L, Barrette B, Bessho T, Kwok BH, Peng A. Kinesin Kif2C in regulation of DNA double strand break dynamics and repair. eLife 2020; 9:53402. [PMID: 31951198 PMCID: PMC7012618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have detrimental effects on cell survival and genomic stability, and are related to cancer and other human diseases. In this study, we identified microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif2C as a protein associated with DSB-mimicking DNA templates and known DSB repair proteins in Xenopus egg extracts and mammalian cells. The recruitment of Kif2C to DNA damage sites was dependent on both PARP and ATM activities. Kif2C knockdown or knockout led to accumulation of endogenous DNA damage, DNA damage hypersensitivity, and reduced DSB repair via both NHEJ and HR. Interestingly, Kif2C depletion, or inhibition of its microtubule depolymerase activity, reduced the mobility of DSBs, impaired the formation of DNA damage foci, and decreased the occurrence of foci fusion and resolution. Taken together, our study established Kif2C as a new player of the DNA damage response, and presented a new mechanism that governs DSB dynamics and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Zhu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Benoit Barrette
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
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25
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Percipalle P, Vartiainen M. Cytoskeletal proteins in the cell nucleus: a special nuclear actin perspective. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 30:1781-1785. [PMID: 31306096 PMCID: PMC6727747 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of cytoskeletal proteins in the cell nucleus has become a new frontier in cell biology. Actin and actin-binding proteins regulate chromatin and gene expression, but importantly they are beginning to be essential players in genome organization. These actin-based functions contribute to genome stability and integrity while affecting DNA replication and global transcription patterns. This is likely to occur through interactions of actin with nuclear components including nuclear lamina and subnuclear organelles. An exciting future challenge is to understand how these actin-based genome-wide mechanisms may regulate development and differentiation by interfering with the mechanical properties of the cell nucleus and how regulated actin polymerization plays a role in maintaining nuclear architecture. With a special focus on actin, here we summarize how cytoskeletal proteins operate in the nucleus and how they may be important to consolidate nuclear architecture for sustained gene expression or silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, 12988 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Sankaran JS, Sen B, Dudakovic A, Paradise CR, Perdue T, Xie Z, McGrath C, Styner M, Newberg J, Uzer G, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J. Knockdown of formin mDia2 alters lamin B1 levels and increases osteogenesis in stem cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:102-117. [PMID: 31648392 PMCID: PMC6993926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear actin plays a critical role in mediating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate commitment. In marrow-derived MSCs, the principal diaphanous-related formin Diaph3 (mDia2) is present in the nucleus and regulates intranuclear actin polymerization, whereas Diaph1 (mDia1) is localized to the cytoplasm and controls cytoplasmic actin polymerization. We here show that mDia2 can be used as a tool to query actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure. Silencing mDia2 affected the nucleoskeletal lamin scaffold, altering nuclear morphology without affecting cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, and promoted MSC differentiation. Attempting to target intranuclear actin polymerization by silencing mDia2 led to a profound loss in lamin B1 nuclear envelope structure and integrity, increased nuclear height, and reduced nuclear stiffness without compensatory changes in other actin nucleation factors. Loss of mDia2 with the associated loss in lamin B1 promoted Runx2 transcription and robust osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Hence, mDia2 is a potent tool to query intranuclear actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure, and its presence serves to retain multipotent stromal cells in an undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyantt S. Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher R. Paradise
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Center for
Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tony Perdue
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joshua Newberg
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise
State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise
State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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27
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GPCR-induced calcium transients trigger nuclear actin assembly for chromatin dynamics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5271. [PMID: 31754104 PMCID: PMC6872576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the properties of the actin cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm are well characterized, the regulation and function of nuclear actin filaments are only recently emerging. We previously demonstrated serum-induced, transient assembly of filamentous actin within somatic cell nuclei. However, the extracellular cues, cell surface receptors as well as underlying signaling mechanisms have been unclear. Here we demonstrate that physiological ligands for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promote nuclear F-actin assembly via heterotrimeric Gαq proteins. Signal-induced nuclear actin responses require calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting the ER-associated formin INF2 at the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Notably, calcium signaling promotes the polymerization of linear actin filaments emanating from the INM towards the nuclear interior. We show that GPCR and calcium elevations trigger nuclear actin-dependent alterations in chromatin organization, uncovering a general cellular mechanism by which physiological ligands and calcium promote nuclear F-actin assembly for rapid responses towards chromatin dynamics.
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28
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Akimoto Y, Yan K, Miura Y, Tsumoto H, Toda T, Fukutomi T, Sugahara D, Kudo A, Arai T, Chiba Y, Kaname S, Hart GW, Endo T, Kawakami H. O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of β-actin Ser 199 in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1359-F1374. [PMID: 31566433 PMCID: PMC6879942 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00566.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of actin is regulated by various posttranslational modifications. We have previously shown that in the kidneys of nonobese type 2 diabetes model Goto-Kakizaki rats, increased O-GlcNAcylation of β-actin protein is observed. It has also been reported that both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation occur on Ser199 of β-actin. However, their roles are not known. To elucidate their roles in diabetic nephropathy, we examined the rat kidney for changes in O-GlcNAcylation of Ser199 (gS199)-actin and in the phosphorylation of Ser199 (pS199)-actin. Both gS199- and pS199-actin molecules had an apparent molecular weight of 40 kDa and were localized as nonfilamentous actin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Compared with the normal kidney, the immunostaining intensity of gS199-actin increased in podocytes of the glomeruli and in proximal tubules of the diabetic kidney, whereas that of pS199-actin did not change in podocytes but decreased in proximal tubules. We confirmed that the same results could be observed in the glomeruli of the human diabetic kidney. In podocytes of glomeruli cultured in the presence of the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor Thiamet G, increased O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the amount of filamentous actin and in morphological changes. Our present results demonstrate that dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of Ser199 occurred in diabetes, which may contribute partially to the causes of the morphological changes in the glomeruli and tubules. gS199- and pS199-actin will thus be useful for the pathological evaluation of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tosifusa Toda
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugahara
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kudo
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Chiba
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kaname
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Center for Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Lambert MW. The functional importance of lamins, actin, myosin, spectrin and the LINC complex in DNA repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1382-1406. [PMID: 31581813 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219876651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major proteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, and spectrin, play essential roles in maintenance of nuclear architecture and the integrity of the nuclear envelope, in mechanotransduction and mechanical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, and in nuclear functions such as regulation of gene expression, transcription and DNA replication. Less well known, but critically important, are the role these proteins play in DNA repair. The A-type and B-type lamins, nuclear actin and myosin, spectrin and the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex each function in repair of DNA damage utilizing various repair pathways. The lamins play a role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Actin is involved in repair of DNA DSBs and interacts with myosin in facilitating relocalization of these DSBs in heterochromatin for HR repair. Nonerythroid alpha spectrin (αSpII) plays a critical role in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) where it acts as a scaffold in recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage and is important in the initial damage recognition and incision steps of the repair process. The LINC complex contributes to the repair of DNA DSBs and ICLs. This review will address the important functions of these proteins in the DNA repair process, their mechanism of action, and the profound impact a defect or deficiency in these proteins has on cellular function. The critical roles of these proteins in DNA repair will be further emphasized by discussing the human disorders and the pathophysiological changes that result from or are related to deficiencies in these proteins. The demonstrated function for each of these proteins in the DNA repair process clearly indicates that there is another level of complexity that must be considered when mechanistically examining factors crucial for DNA repair.Impact statementProteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, myosin, and spectrin, have been shown to play critical roles in DNA repair. Deficiencies in these proteins are associated with a number of disorders. This review highlights the role these proteins and their association with the LINC complex play in DNA repair processes, their mechanism of action and the impacts deficiencies in these proteins have on DNA repair and on disorders associated with a deficiency in these proteins. It will clarify how these proteins, which interact with “classic DNA repair proteins” (e.g., RAD51, XPF), represent another level of complexity in the DNA repair process, which must be taken into consideration when carrying out mechanistic studies on proteins involved in DNA repair and in developing models for DNA repair pathways. This knowledge is essential for determining how deficiencies in these proteins relate to disorders resulting from loss of functional activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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30
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Chatzifrangkeskou M, Pefani D, Eyres M, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Pankova D, O'Neill E. RASSF1A is required for the maintenance of nuclear actin levels. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101168. [PMID: 31414556 PMCID: PMC6694222 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in many essential cellular processes including gene transcription, chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing. Actin shuttles into and out the nucleus through the action of dedicated transport receptors importin-9 and exportin-6, but how this transport is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that RASSF1A is a novel regulator of actin nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and is required for the active maintenance of nuclear actin levels through supporting binding of exportin-6 (XPO6) to RAN GTPase. RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform A) is a tumour suppressor gene frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in all major solid cancers. Specifically, we demonstrate that endogenous RASSF1A localises to the nuclear envelope (NE) and is required for nucleocytoplasmic actin transport and the concomitant regulation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a co-activator of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). The RASSF1A/RAN/XPO6/nuclear actin pathway is aberrant in cancer cells where RASSF1A expression is lost and correlates with reduced MRTF-A/SRF activity leading to cell adhesion defects. Taken together, we have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which the nuclear actin pool is regulated and uncovered a previously unknown link of RASSF1A and MRTF-A/SRF in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafni‐Eleftheria Pefani
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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31
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Sidorenko E, Vartiainen MK. Nucleoskeletal regulation of transcription: Actin on MRTF. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1372-1381. [PMID: 31142145 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219854669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF) form an essential transcriptional complex that regulates the expression of many cytoskeletal genes in response to dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. The nucleoskeleton, a “dynamic network of networks,” consists of numerous proteins that contribute to nuclear shape and to its various functions, including gene expression. In this review, we will discuss recent work that has identified many nucleoskeletal proteins, such as nuclear lamina and lamina-associated proteins, nuclear actin, and the linker of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton complex as important regulators of MRTF-A/SRF transcriptional activity, especially in the context of mechanical control of transcription. Impact statement Regulation of gene expression is a fundamental cellular process that ensures the appropriate response of a cell to its surroundings. Alongside biochemical signals, mechanical cues, such as substrate rigidity, have been recognized as key regulators of gene expression. Nucleoskeletal components play an important role in mechanoresponsive transcription, particularly in controlling the activity of MRTF-A/SRF transcription factors. This ensures that the cell can balance the internal and external mechanical forces by fine-tuning the expression of cytoskeletal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sidorenko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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32
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Sankaran J, Uzer G, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J. Gene regulation through dynamic actin control of nuclear structure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1345-1353. [PMID: 31084213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219850079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exist in a multipotential state, where osteogenic and adipogenic genomes are silenced in heterochromatin at the inner nuclear leaflet. Physical force, generated in the marrow space during dynamic exercise exerts control overexpression of differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells experience mechanical force through their cytoskeletal attachments to substrate, inducing signaling that alters gene expression. The generated force is further transferred from the cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton through tethering of actin to Linker of Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. Forces exerted on LINC alter the shape and placement of the nucleus within the cell, and are ultimately transferred into the nucleus. LINC complexes transverse the nuclear membrane and connect to the internal nucleoskeleton that is made up of lamin filaments and actin. Force transfer through LINC thus causes structural rearrangements of the nuclear scaffolding upon which chromosomes are arranged. Gene availability is not only modulated through heterochromatin remodeling enzymes and active transcription factors but also by control of nucleoskeletal structure and nuclear enzymes that mediate actin polymerization in the nucleus. Nuclear actin structure may be affected by similar force-activated pathways as those controlling the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton and represent a critical determinant of mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment. Impact statement Gene expression is controlled by nuclear structure which is modulated by both internal and external forces exerted on the nucleoskeleton. Extracellular forces experienced through the actin cytoskeleton are transmitted to the internal nucleoskeleton via Linker of Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (LINC) protein connections. LINC complexes directly alter nuclear shape and entry of molecules that regulate transcription. New mechanistic models indicate that nuclear actin is a dynamic component of the filamentous nucleoskeleton and modified by an intranuclear “actin toolbox”, a set of enzymes that regulate linear and branched polymerization of nuclear actin. External stimulation of both biomechanical and biochemical pathways alters nuclear actin structure and has profound effects on gene expression by controlling chromatin architecture and transcription factor access to gene targets. The available data indicate that nucleoskeletal control of gene expression is critical for self-renewal and mesenchymal lineage-allocation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyantt Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- College of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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33
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Viita T, Kyheröinen S, Prajapati B, Virtanen J, Frilander MJ, Varjosalo M, Vartiainen MK. Nuclear actin interactome analysis links actin to KAT14 histone acetyl transferase and mRNA splicing. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226852. [PMID: 30890647 PMCID: PMC6503952 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its essential functions within the cytoskeleton, actin also localizes to the cell nucleus, where it is linked to many important nuclear processes from gene expression to maintenance of genomic integrity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which actin operates in the nucleus remain poorly understood. Here, we have used two complementary mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, AP-MS and BioID, to identify binding partners for nuclear actin. Common high-confidence interactions highlight the role of actin in chromatin-remodeling complexes and identify the histone-modifying complex human Ada-Two-A-containing (hATAC) as a novel actin-containing nuclear complex. Actin binds directly to the hATAC subunit KAT14, and modulates its histone acetyl transferase activity in vitro and in cells. Transient interactions detected through BioID link actin to several steps of transcription as well as to RNA processing. Alterations in nuclear actin levels disturb alternative splicing in minigene assays, likely by affecting the transcription elongation rate. This interactome analysis thus identifies both novel direct binding partners and functional roles for nuclear actin, as well as forms a platform for further mechanistic studies on how actin operates during essential nuclear processes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Viita
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Salla Kyheröinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jori Virtanen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland .,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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34
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Wineland DM, Kelpsch DJ, Tootle TL. Multiple Pools of Nuclear Actin. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2014-2036. [PMID: 30312534 PMCID: PMC6293971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While nuclear actin was reported ~50 years ago, it's in vivo prevalence and structure remain largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila oogenesis, that is, follicle development, to characterize nuclear actin. We find that three different reagents-DNase I, anti-actin C4, and anti-actin AC15-recognize distinct pools of nuclear actin. DNase I labels monomeric or G-actin, and, during follicle development, G-actin is present in the nucleus of every cell. Some G-actin is recognized by the C4 antibody. In particular, C4 nuclear actin colocalizes with DNase I to the nucleolus in anterior escort cells, follicle stem cells, some mitotic follicle cells, and a subset of nurse cells during early oogenesis. C4 also labels polymeric nuclear actin in the nucleoplasm of the germline stem cells, early cystoblasts, and oocytes. The AC15 antibody labels a completely distinct pool of nuclear actin from that of DNase I and C4. Specifically, AC15 nuclear actin localizes to the chromatin in the nurse and follicle cells during mid-to-late oogenesis. Within the oocyte, AC15 nuclear actin progresses from localizing to puncta surrounding the DNA, to forming a filamentous cage around the chromosomes. Together these findings reveal that nuclear actin is highly prevalent in vivo, and multiple pools of nuclear actin exist and can be recognized using different reagents. Additionally, our localization studies suggest that nuclear actin may regulate stemness, nucleolar structure and function, transcription, and nuclear structure. Such findings call for further studies to explore the prevalence, diversity, and functions of nuclear actin across tissues and organisms. Anat Rec, 301:2014-2036, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylane M. Wineland
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Daniel J. Kelpsch
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
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35
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Chang L, Azzolin L, Di Biagio D, Zanconato F, Battilana G, Lucon Xiccato R, Aragona M, Giulitti S, Panciera T, Gandin A, Sigismondo G, Krijgsveld J, Fassan M, Brusatin G, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. The SWI/SNF complex is a mechanoregulated inhibitor of YAP and TAZ. Nature 2018; 563:265-269. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Klages-Mundt NL, Kumar A, Zhang Y, Kapoor P, Shen X. The Nature of Actin-Family Proteins in Chromatin-Modifying Complexes. Front Genet 2018; 9:398. [PMID: 30319687 PMCID: PMC6167448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is not only one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, but also one of the most versatile. In addition to its familiar involvement in enabling contraction and establishing cellular motility and scaffolding in the cytosol, actin has well-documented roles in a variety of processes within the confines of the nucleus, such as transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Interestingly, monomeric actin as well as actin-related proteins (Arps) are found as stoichiometric subunits of a variety of chromatin remodeling complexes and histone acetyltransferases, raising the question of precisely what roles they serve in these contexts. Actin and Arps are present in unique combinations in chromatin modifiers, helping to establish structural integrity of the complex and enabling a wide range of functions, such as recruiting the complex to nucleosomes to facilitate chromatin remodeling and promoting ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit. Actin and Arps are also thought to help modulate chromatin dynamics and maintain higher-order chromatin structure. Moreover, the presence of actin and Arps in several chromatin modifiers is necessary for promoting genomic integrity and an effective DNA damage response. In this review, we discuss the involvement of actin and Arps in these nuclear complexes that control chromatin remodeling and histone modifications, while also considering avenues for future study to further shed light on their functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeh L Klages-Mundt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Yuexuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Prabodh Kapoor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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37
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Plessner M, Grosse R. Dynamizing nuclear actin filaments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:1-6. [PMID: 30193156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While it is long known that actin is part of the nuclear proteome, its properties and functions as regulated, functional and dynamically assembled actin filaments are only recently emerging. Thus, newly uncovered roles for intranuclear actin filaments are opening new perspectives on how the nucleus and its genomic content may be organized in particular with regard to a given stage of the cell cycle. Here, we summarize recent studies on actin filament polymerization and turnover within the nuclear compartment of mammalian cells. We emphasize and discuss novel findings, in which transient and dynamic nuclear actin filaments have been visualized in physiological contexts, and focus on aspects of signalling mechanisms, chromatin reorganization and DNA repair. Further, a better understanding of the spatiotemporal control of nuclear actin-regulating factors in mammalian cells will ultimately provide a more detailed view on how the nuclear F-actin cytoskeleton contributes to genome organization and nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Plessner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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38
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Breakdancing on actin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:485. [PMID: 29967438 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Cahill ME, Walker DM, Gancarz AM, Wang ZJ, Lardner CK, Bagot RC, Neve RL, Dietz DM, Nestler EJ. The dendritic spine morphogenic effects of repeated cocaine use occur through the regulation of serum response factor signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1474-1486. [PMID: 28555077 PMCID: PMC5709273 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a primary brain reward region composed predominantly of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In response to early withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration, de novo dendritic spine formation occurs in NAc MSNs. Much evidence indicates that this new spine formation facilitates the rewarding properties of cocaine. Early withdrawal from repeated cocaine also produces dramatic alterations in the transcriptome of NAc MSNs, but how such alterations influence cocaine's effects on dendritic spine formation remain unclear. Studies in non-neuronal cells indicate that actin cytoskeletal regulatory pathways in nuclei have a direct role in the regulation of gene transcription in part by controlling the access of co-activators to their transcription factor partners. In particular, actin state dictates the interaction between the serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor and one of its principal co-activators, MAL. Here we show that cocaine induces alterations in nuclear F-actin signaling pathways in the NAc with associated changes in the nuclear subcellular localization of SRF and MAL. Using in vivo optogenetics, the brain region-specific inputs to the NAc that mediate these nuclear changes are investigated. Finally, we demonstrate that regulated SRF expression, in turn, is critical for the effects of cocaine on dendritic spine formation and for cocaine-mediated behavioral sensitization. Collectively, these findings reveal a mechanism by which nuclear-based changes influence the structure of NAc MSNs in response to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ME Cahill
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - DM Walker
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - AM Gancarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - ZJ Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - CK Lardner
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - RC Bagot
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - RL Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - DM Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - EJ Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Fiore APZP, Spencer VA, Mori H, Carvalho HF, Bissell MJ, Bruni-Cardoso A. Laminin-111 and the Level of Nuclear Actin Regulate Epithelial Quiescence via Exportin-6. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2102-2115. [PMID: 28591581 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin (N-actin) is known to participate in the regulation of gene expression. We showed previously that N-actin levels mediate the growth and quiescence of mouse epithelial cells in response to laminin-111 (LN1), a component of the mammary basement membrane (BM). We know that BM is defective in malignant cells, and we show here that it is the LN1/N-actin pathway that is aberrant in human breast cancer cells, leading to continuous growth. Photobleaching assays revealed that N-actin exit in nonmalignant cells begins as early as 30 min after LN1 treatment. LN1 attenuates the PI3K pathway leading to upregulation of exportin-6 (XPO6) activity and shuttles actin out of the nucleus. Silencing XPO6 prevents quiescence. Malignant cells are impervious to LN1 signaling. These results shed light on the crucial role of LN1 in quiescence and differentiation and how defects in the LN1/PI3K/XPO6/N-actin axis explain the loss of tissue homeostasis and growth control that contributes to malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zen Petisco Fiore
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- INFABiC - National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil; Structural and Functional Biology Department, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; INFABiC - National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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41
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Bella A, Shaw M, De Santis E, Ryadnov MG. Imaging Protein Fibers at the Nanoscale and In Situ. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1777:83-100. [PMID: 29744829 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7811-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly offers a rich repertoire of tools and technologies. However, despite significant progress in this area, a deterministic measure of the phenomenon, which might lead to predictable relationships between protein components, assembly mechanisms, and ultimately function, is lacking. Often the challenge relates to the choice of the most informative and precise measurements that can link the chemistry of the building blocks with the resulting assembly, ideally in situ and in real time. Using the example of protein fibrillogenesis-a self-assembly process fundamental to nearly every aspect of biological organization, from viral assembly to tissue restoration-this chapter demonstrates how protein self-assembly can be visually and precisely measured while providing measurement protocols applicable to other self-assembly systems.
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42
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Abstract
After mitosis, the nucleus must be rebuilt and chromatin decondensed to permit interphase genomic functions, but decondensation mechanisms are poorly understood. Now, the traditional cytoskeletal protein actin is shown to form transient nuclear filaments that are required for chromatin decondensation and nuclear expansion at mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna M Moore
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Baarlink C, Plessner M, Sherrard A, Morita K, Misu S, Virant D, Kleinschnitz EM, Harniman R, Alibhai D, Baumeister S, Miyamoto K, Endesfelder U, Kaidi A, Grosse R. A transient pool of nuclear F-actin at mitotic exit controls chromatin organization. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1389-1399. [PMID: 29131140 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Re-establishment of nuclear structure and chromatin organization after cell division is integral for genome regulation or development and is frequently altered during cancer progression. The mechanisms underlying chromatin expansion in daughter cells remain largely unclear. Here, we describe the transient formation of nuclear actin filaments (F-actin) during mitotic exit. These nuclear F-actin structures assemble in daughter cell nuclei and undergo dynamic reorganization to promote nuclear protrusions and volume expansion throughout early G1 of the cell cycle. Specific inhibition of this nuclear F-actin assembly impaired nuclear expansion and chromatin decondensation after mitosis and during early mouse embryonic development. Biochemical screening for mitotic nuclear F-actin interactors identified the actin-disassembling factor cofilin-1. Optogenetic regulation of cofilin-1 revealed its critical role for controlling timing, turnover and dynamics of F-actin assembly inside daughter cell nuclei. Our findings identify a cell-cycle-specific and spatiotemporally controlled form of nuclear F-actin that reorganizes the mammalian nucleus after mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baarlink
- Institute of Pharmacology, BPC Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Plessner
- Institute of Pharmacology, BPC Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alice Sherrard
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kohtaro Morita
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shinji Misu
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - David Virant
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Kleinschnitz
- Institute of Pharmacology, BPC Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Harniman
- Electron Microscopy Unit, School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Dominic Alibhai
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Stefan Baumeister
- Protein Analytics, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Ulrike Endesfelder
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Abderrahmane Kaidi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, BPC Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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44
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Javan GT, Salhotra A, Finley SJ, Soni S. Erythroblast macrophage protein (Emp): Past, present, and future. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:3-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz T. Javan
- Physical Sciences Department Forensic Science Program Alabama State University Montgomery AL USA
| | | | - Sheree J. Finley
- Physical Sciences Department Alabama State University Montgomery AL USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Fullerton CA USA
- Department of Biological Science Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Irvine CA USA
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45
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Kiselev AM, Stepanova IS, Adonin LS, Batalova FM, Parfenov VN, Bogolyubov DS, Podgornaya OI. The exon junction complex factor Y14 is dynamic in the nucleus of the beetle Tribolium castaneum during late oogenesis. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:41. [PMID: 29151891 PMCID: PMC5679382 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oocyte chromosomes of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, are gathered into a knot, forming a karyosphere at the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase. Chromatin rearrangement, which is a characteristic feature of oocyte maturation, is well documented. The T. castaneum karyosphere is surrounded by a complex extrachromosomal structure termed the karyosphere capsule. The capsule contains the vast majority of oocyte RNA. We have previously shown using a BrUTP assay that oocyte chromosomes in T. castaneum maintain residual transcription up to the very end of oocyte maturation. Karyosphere transcription requires evidently not only transcription factors but also mRNA processing factors, including the components of the exon junction complex with its core component, the splicing factor Y14. We employed a gene engineering approach with injection of mRNA derived from the Myc-tagged Y14 plasmid-based construct in order to monitor the newly synthesized fusion protein in the oocyte nuclei. Results Our preliminary data have been presented as a brief correspondence elsewhere. Here, we provide a full-length article including immunoelectron-microscopy localization data on Y14–Myc distribution in the nucleus of previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. The injections of the fusion protein Y14–Myc mRNA into the oocytes showed a dynamic pattern of the protein distribution. At the previtellogenic stage, there are two main locations for the protein: SC35 domains (the analogues of interchromatin granule clusters or nuclear speckles) and the karyosphere capsule. At the vitellogenic stage, SC35 domains were devoid of labels, and Y14–Myc was found in the perichromatin region of the karyosphere, presumably at the places of residual transcription. We show that karyosphere formation is accompanied by the movement of a nuclear protein while the residual transcription occurs during genome inactivation. Conclusions Our data indicate that the karyosphere capsule, being a destination site for a protein involved in mRNA splicing and export, is not only a specializes part of nuclear matrix separating the karyosphere from the products of chromosome activity, as believed previously, but represents a special nuclear compartment involved in the processes of gene expression in the case the karyosphere retains residual transcription activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-017-0342-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem M Kiselev
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia.,Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, 197341 Russia.,ITMO University, Institute of Translational Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197101 Russia
| | - Irina S Stepanova
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia
| | - Leonid S Adonin
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia
| | - Florina M Batalova
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia
| | - Vladimir N Parfenov
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bogolyubov
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia
| | - Olga I Podgornaya
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia.,Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Vladivostok, 690950 Russia
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46
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Kuznetsov NV, Almuzzaini B, Kritikou JS, Baptista MAP, Oliveira MMS, Keszei M, Snapper SB, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Nuclear Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein co-regulates T cell factor 1-mediated transcription in T cells. Genome Med 2017; 9:91. [PMID: 29078804 PMCID: PMC5660450 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin-nucleating factors are present in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The role of nuclear WASp for T cell development remains incompletely defined. METHODS We performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells. RESULTS WASp was enriched at genic and intergenic regions and associated with the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes. Thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells showed 15 common WASp-interacting genes, including the gene encoding T cell factor (TCF)12. WASp KO thymocytes had reduced nuclear TCF12 whereas thymocytes expressing constitutively active WASpL272P and WASpI296T had increased nuclear TCF12, suggesting that regulated WASp activity controlled nuclear TCF12. We identify a putative DNA element enriched in WASp ChIP-seq samples identical to a TCF1-binding site and we show that WASp directly interacted with TCF1 in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS These data place nuclear WASp in proximity with TCF1 and TCF12, essential factors for T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Kuznetsov
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Medical Genomic Research Department, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A P Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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47
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Parisis N, Krasinska L, Harker B, Urbach S, Rossignol M, Camasses A, Dewar J, Morin N, Fisher D. Initiation of DNA replication requires actin dynamics and formin activity. EMBO J 2017; 36:3212-3231. [PMID: 28982779 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin regulates transcriptional programmes in a manner dependent on its levels and polymerisation state. This dynamics is determined by the balance of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, formin- and redox-dependent filament polymerisation. Here, using Xenopus egg extracts and human somatic cells, we show that actin dynamics and formins are essential for DNA replication. In proliferating cells, formin inhibition abolishes nuclear transport and initiation of DNA replication, as well as general transcription. In replicating nuclei from transcriptionally silent Xenopus egg extracts, we identified numerous actin regulators, and disruption of actin dynamics abrogates nuclear transport, preventing NLS (nuclear localisation signal)-cargo release from RanGTP-importin complexes. Nuclear formin activity is further required to promote loading of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto chromatin, as well as initiation and elongation of DNA replication. Therefore, actin dynamics and formins control DNA replication by multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Parisis
- IGMM, CNRS Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform (FPP), Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), CNRS UMR 5203 INSERM U661, Montpellier, France
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48
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Stoddard PR, Williams TA, Garner E, Baum B. Evolution of polymer formation within the actin superfamily. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2461-2469. [PMID: 28904122 PMCID: PMC5597319 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While many are familiar with actin as a well-conserved component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, it is less often appreciated that actin is a member of a large superfamily of structurally related protein families found throughout the tree of life. Actin-related proteins include chaperones, carbohydrate kinases, and other enzymes, as well as a staggeringly diverse set of proteins that use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to form dynamic, linear polymers. Despite differing widely from one another in filament structure and dynamics, these polymers play important roles in ordering cell space in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. It is not known whether these polymers descended from a single ancestral polymer or arose multiple times by convergent evolution from monomeric actin-like proteins. In this work, we provide an overview of the structures, dynamics, and functions of this diverse set. Then, using a phylogenetic analysis to examine actin evolution, we show that the actin-related protein families that form polymers are more closely related to one another than they are to other nonpolymerizing members of the actin superfamily. Thus all the known actin-like polymers are likely to be the descendants of a single, ancestral, polymer-forming actin-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Stoddard
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Ethan Garner
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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49
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Lappalainen P. Actin-binding proteins: the long road to understanding the dynamic landscape of cellular actin networks. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 27:2519-22. [PMID: 27528696 PMCID: PMC4985253 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton supports a vast number of cellular processes in nonmuscle cells. It is well established that the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are controlled by a large array of actin-binding proteins. However, it was only 40 years ago that the first nonmuscle actin-binding protein, filamin, was identified and characterized. Filamin was shown to bind and cross-link actin filaments into higher-order structures and contribute to phagocytosis in macrophages. Subsequently many other nonmuscle actin-binding proteins were identified and characterized. These proteins regulate almost all steps of the actin filament assembly and disassembly cycles, as well as the arrangement of actin filaments into diverse three-dimensional structures. Although the individual biochemical activities of most actin-regulatory proteins are relatively well understood, knowledge of how these proteins function together in a common cytoplasm to control actin dynamics and architecture is only beginning to emerge. Furthermore, understanding how signaling pathways and mechanical cues control the activities of various actin-binding proteins in different cellular, developmental, and pathological processes will keep researchers busy for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Kristó I, Bajusz C, Borsos BN, Pankotai T, Dopie J, Jankovics F, Vartiainen MK, Erdélyi M, Vilmos P. The actin binding cytoskeletal protein Moesin is involved in nuclear mRNA export. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1589-1604. [PMID: 28554770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current models imply that the evolutionarily conserved, actin-binding Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins perform their activities at the plasma membrane by anchoring membrane proteins to the cortical actin network. Here we show that beside its cytoplasmic functions, the single ERM protein of Drosophila, Moesin, has a novel role in the nucleus. The activation of transcription by heat shock or hormonal treatment increases the amount of nuclear Moesin, indicating biological function for the protein in the nucleus. The distribution of Moesin in the nucleus suggests a function in transcription and the depletion of mRNA export factors Nup98 or its interacting partner, Rae1, leads to the nuclear accumulation of Moesin, suggesting that the nuclear function of the protein is linked to mRNA export. Moesin localizes to mRNP particles through the interaction with the mRNA export factor PCID2 and knock down of Moesin leads to the accumulation of mRNA in the nucleus. Based on our results we propose that, beyond its well-known, manifold functions in the cytoplasm, the ERM protein of Drosophila is a new, functional component of the nucleus where it participates in mRNA export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kristó
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bajusz
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara N Borsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joseph Dopie
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ferenc Jankovics
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vilmos
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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