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Cena JAD, Belmok A, Kyaw CM, Dame-Teixeira N. The Archaea domain: Exploring historical and contemporary perspectives with in silico primer coverage analysis for future research in Dentistry. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105936. [PMID: 38422909 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The complete picture of how the human microbiome interacts with its host is still largely unknown, particularly concerning microorganisms beyond bacteria. Although existing in very low abundance and not directly linked to causing diseases, archaea have been detected in various sites of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, skin, eyes, respiratory and urinary systems. But what exactly are these microorganisms? In the early 1990 s, archaea were classified as a distinct domain of life, sharing a more recent common ancestor with eukaryotes than with bacteria. While archaea's presence and potential significance in Dentistry remain under-recognized, there are concerns that they may contribute to oral dysbiosis. However, detecting archaea in oral samples presents challenges, including difficulties in culturing, the selection of DNA extraction methods, primer design, bioinformatic analysis, and databases. DESIGN This is a comprehensive review on the oral archaeome, presenting an in-depth in silico analysis of various primers commonly used for detecting archaea in human body sites. RESULTS Among several primer pairs used for detecting archaea in human samples across the literature, only one specifically designed for detecting methanogenic archaea in stool samples, exhibited exceptional coverage levels for the domain and various archaea phyla. CONCLUSIONS Our in silico analysis underscores the need for designing new primers targeting not only methanogenic archaea but also nanoarchaeal and thaumarchaeota groups to gain a comprehensive understanding of the archaeal oral community. By doing so, researchers can pave the way for further advancements in the field of oral archaeome research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Belmok
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brazil; Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK.
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2
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Palabikyan H, Ruddyard A, Pomper L, Novak D, Reischl B, Rittmann SKMR. Scale-up of biomass production by Methanococcus maripaludis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031131. [PMID: 36504798 PMCID: PMC9727139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a sustainable energy economy is one of the great challenges in the current times of climate crisis and growing energy demands. Industrial production of the fifth-generation biofuel methane by microorganisms has the potential to become a crucial biotechnological milestone of the post fossil fuel era. Therefore, reproducible cultivation and scale-up of methanogenic archaea (methanogens) is essential for enabling biomass generation for fundamental studies and for defining peak performance conditions for bioprocess development. This study provides a comprehensive revision of established and optimization of novel methods for the cultivation of the model organism Methanococcus maripaludis S0001. In closed batch mode, 0.05 L serum bottles cultures were gradually replaced by 0.4 L Schott bottle cultures for regular biomass generation, and the time for reaching peak optical density (OD578) values was reduced in half. In 1.5 L reactor cultures, various agitation, harvesting and transfer methods were compared resulting in a specific growth rate of 0.16 h-1 and the highest recorded OD578 of 3.4. Finally, a 300-fold scale-up from serum bottles was achieved by growing M. maripaludis for the first time in a 22 L stainless steel bioreactor with 15 L working volume. Altogether, the experimental approaches described in this study contribute to establishing methanogens as essential organisms in large-scale biotechnology applications, a crucial stage of an urgently needed industrial evolution toward sustainable biosynthesis of energy and high value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayk Palabikyan
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aquilla Ruddyard
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,Arkeon GmbH, Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Lara Pomper
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Novak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,Arkeon GmbH, Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,Arkeon GmbH, Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria,*Correspondence: Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann,
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3
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Krawczyk KT, Locht C, Kowalewicz-Kulbat M. Halophilic Archaea Halorhabdus Rudnickae and Natrinema Salaciae Activate Human Dendritic Cells and Orient T Helper Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833635. [PMID: 35720372 PMCID: PMC9204267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are procaryotic organisms distinct from bacteria, known to thrive in hypersaline environments, including salt lakes, salterns, brines and salty food. They have also been identified in the human microbiome. The biological significance of halophiles for human health has rarely been examined. The interactions between halophilic archaea and human dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells have not been identified so far. Here, we show for the first time that the halophilic archaea Halorhabdus rudnickae and Natrinema salaciae activate human monocyte-derived DCs, induce DC maturation, cytokine production and autologous T cell activation. In vitro both strains induced DC up-regulation of the cell-surface receptors CD86, CD80 and CD83, and cytokine production, including IL-12p40, IL-10 and TNF-α, but not IL-23 and IL-12p70. Furthermore, autologous CD4+ T cells produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ and IL-13, but not IL-17A when co-cultured with halophile-stimulated DCs in comparison to T cells co-cultured with unstimulated DCs. IFN-γ was almost exclusively produced by naïve T cells, while IL-13 was produced by both naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. Our findings thus show that halophilic archaea are recognized by human DCs and are able to induce a balanced cytokine response. The immunomodulatory functions of halophilic archaea and their potential ability to re-establish the immune balance may perhaps participate in the beneficial effects of halotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof T Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Camille Locht
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Magdalena Kowalewicz-Kulbat
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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The Relevance of the Bacterial Microbiome, Archaeome and Mycobiome in Pediatric Asthma and Respiratory Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081287. [PMID: 35455967 PMCID: PMC9024940 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, as well as eukaryotes, principally fungi, of the upper respiratory tract play key roles in the etiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases, whereas the potential role of archaea remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the contribution of all three domains of cellular life to human naso- and oropharyngeal microbiomes, i.e., bacterial microbiota, eukaryotes (mostly fungi), as well as the archaeome and their relation to respiratory and atopic disorders in infancy and adolescence. With this review, we aim to summarize state-of-the-art contributions to the field published in the last decade. In particular, we intend to build bridges between basic and clinical science.
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5
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Martínez GM, Pire C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Hypersaline environments as natural sources of microbes with potential applications in biotechnology: the case of solar evaporation systems to produce salt in Alicante County (Spain). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100136. [PMID: 35909606 PMCID: PMC9325878 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Wang Z, Wang L, Liu R, Li Z, Wu J, Wei X, Wei W, Fang J, Cao J, Wei Y, Xie Z. Community structure and activity potentials of archaeal communities in hadal sediments of the Mariana and Mussau trenches. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:150-161. [PMID: 37073355 PMCID: PMC10077302 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hadal trenches are the least explored marine habitat on earth. Archaea has been shown to be the dominant group in trench sediments. However, the activity potentials and detailed diversity of these communities as well as their inter-trench variations are still not known. In this study, we combined datasets from two pairs of primers to investigate at high resolution the structure and activity potentials of the archaeal communities in vertically sectioned sediment cores taken from the deepest points of the Mariana (10,853 m) and Mussau (7011 m) trenches. The compositions of the potentially active communities revealed, via 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and RNA (rRNA), significant differences between samples. Marine Group I (MGI), with nine identified subgroups, was the most dominant class in the active archaeal communities of the two trenches. Significantly different species composition and vertical variations were observed between the two trenches. Vertical transitions from aerobic MGI α to anaerobic MGI η and υ subgroups were observed in MST but not in MT sediments, which might be related to the faster microbial oxygen consumption in MST. These results provide a better understanding on archaeal activity and diversity in trench sediments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-021-00105-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Rulong Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, Department of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - JiaXin Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Xing Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Junwei Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Yuli Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Zhe Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
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7
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De Falco M, De Felice M. Take a Break to Repair: A Dip in the World of Double-Strand Break Repair Mechanisms Pointing the Gaze on Archaea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413296. [PMID: 34948099 PMCID: PMC8708640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms have evolved many DNA repair pathways to counteract the different types of DNA damages. The detection of DNA damage leads to distinct cellular responses that bring about cell cycle arrest and the induction of DNA repair mechanisms. In particular, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are extremely toxic for cell survival, that is why cells use specific mechanisms of DNA repair in order to maintain genome stability. The choice among the repair pathways is mainly linked to the cell cycle phases. Indeed, if it occurs in an inappropriate cellular context, it may cause genome rearrangements, giving rise to many types of human diseases, from developmental disorders to cancer. Here, we analyze the most recent remarks about the main pathways of DSB repair with the focus on homologous recombination. A thorough knowledge in DNA repair mechanisms is pivotal for identifying the most accurate treatments in human diseases.
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8
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Application of extreme halophilic archaea as biocatalyst for chitin isolation from shrimp shell waste. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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9
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Extremophilic Microorganisms in Central Europe. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112326. [PMID: 34835450 PMCID: PMC8620676 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles inhabit a wide variety of environments. Here we focus on extremophiles in moderate climates in central Europe, and particularly in Slovenia. Although multiple types of stress often occur in the same habitat, extremophiles are generally combined into groups according to the main stressor to which they are adapted. Several types of extremophiles, e.g., oligotrophs, are well represented and diverse in subsurface environments and karst regions. Psychrophiles thrive in ice caves and depressions with eternal snow and ice, with several globally distributed snow algae and psychrophilic bacteria that have been discovered in alpine glaciers. However, this area requires further research. Halophiles thrive in salterns while thermophiles inhabit thermal springs, although there is little data on such microorganisms in central Europe, despite many taxa being found globally. This review also includes the potential use of extremophiles in biotechnology and bioremediation applications.
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10
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Faber JH, Marshall S, Brown AR, Holt A, van den Brink PJ, Maltby L. Identifying ecological production functions for use in ecosystem services-based environmental risk assessment of chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:146409. [PMID: 33771395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing research interest in the application of the ecosystem services (ES) concept in the environmental risk assessment of chemicals to support formulating and operationalising regulatory environmental protection goals and making environmental risk assessment more policy- and value-relevant. This requires connecting ecosystem structure and processes to ecosystem function and henceforth to provision of ecosystem goods and services and their economic valuation. Ecological production functions (EPFs) may help to quantify these connections in a transparent manner and to predict ES provision based on function-related descriptors for service providing species, communities, ecosystems or habitats. We review scientific literature for EPFs to evaluate availability across provisioning and regulation and maintenance services (CICES v5.1 classification). We found quantitative production functions for nearly all ES, often complemented with economic valuation of physical or monetary flows. We studied the service providing units in these EPFs to evaluate the potential for extrapolation of toxicity data for test species obtained from standardised testing to ES provision. A broad taxonomic representation of service providers was established, but quantitative models directly linking standard test species to ES provision were extremely scarce. A pragmatic way to deal with this data gap would be the use of proxies for related taxa and stepwise functional extrapolation to ES provision and valuation, which we conclude possible for most ES. We suggest that EPFs may be used in defining specific protection goals (SPGs), and illustrate, using pollination as an example, the availability of information for the ecological entity and attribute dimensions of SPGs. Twenty-five pollination EPFs were compiled from the literature for biological entities ranging from 'colony' to 'habitat', with 75% referring to 'functional group'. With about equal representation of the attributes 'function', 'abundance' and 'diversity', SPGs for pollination therefore would seem best substantiated by EPFs at the level of functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Faber
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Marshall
- 6 Prestwick Road, Great Denham, Bedford, UK
| | - A R Brown
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - A Holt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Natural Capital Solutions Ltd, 1 Lucas Bridge Business Park, Old Greens Norton Road, Towcester, Northants NN12 8AX, UK
| | - P J van den Brink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - L Maltby
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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11
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Holzheimer M, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Schouten S, Havenith RWA, Cunha AV, Minnaard AJ. Total Synthesis of the Alleged Structure of Crenarchaeol Enables Structure Revision**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry PO Box 59 1790 AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University PO Box 80.021 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry PO Box 59 1790 AB Den Burg The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University PO Box 80.021 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group Department of Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S3) 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Ana V. Cunha
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Holzheimer M, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Schouten S, Havenith RWA, Cunha AV, Minnaard AJ. Total Synthesis of the Alleged Structure of Crenarchaeol Enables Structure Revision*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17504-17513. [PMID: 34114718 PMCID: PMC8361987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crenarchaeol is a glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipid produced exclusively in Archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota. This membrane‐spanning lipid is undoubtedly the structurally most sophisticated of all known archaeal lipids and an iconic molecule in organic geochemistry. The 66‐membered macrocycle possesses a unique chemical structure featuring 22 mostly remote stereocenters, and a cyclohexane ring connected by a single bond to a cyclopentane ring. Herein we report the first total synthesis of the proposed structure of crenarchaeol. Comparison with natural crenarchaeol allowed us to propose a revised structure of crenarchaeol, wherein one of the 22 stereocenters is inverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508, TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.021, 3508, TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ana V Cunha
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Addesso R, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, D'Angeli IM, De Waele J, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V, Miller AZ, Cubero B, Vigliotta G, Baldantoni D. Microbial Community Characterizing Vermiculations from Karst Caves and Its Role in Their Formation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:884-896. [PMID: 33156395 PMCID: PMC8062384 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota associated with vermiculations from karst caves is largely unknown. Vermiculations are enigmatic deposits forming worm-like patterns on cave walls all over the world. They represent a precious focus for geomicrobiological studies aimed at exploring both the microbial life of these ecosystems and the vermiculation genesis. This study comprises the first approach on the microbial communities thriving in Pertosa-Auletta Cave (southern Italy) vermiculations by next-generation sequencing. The most abundant phylum in vermiculations was Proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria > Actinobacteria > Nitrospirae > Firmicutes > Planctomycetes > Chloroflexi > Gemmatimonadetes > Bacteroidetes > Latescibacteria. Numerous less-represented taxonomic groups (< 1%), as well as unclassified ones, were also detected. From an ecological point of view, all the groups co-participate in the biogeochemical cycles in these underground environments, mediating oxidation-reduction reactions, promoting host rock dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation, and enriching the matrix in organic matter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy brought evidence of a strong interaction between the biotic community and the abiotic matrix, supporting the role of microbial communities in the formation process of vermiculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Addesso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Jose L Gonzalez-Pimentel
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo Marques de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ilenia M D'Angeli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo Marques de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cubero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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14
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Ghuneim LAJ, Distaso MA, Chernikova TN, Bargiela R, Lunev EA, Korzhenkov AA, Toshchakov SV, Rojo D, Barbas C, Ferrer M, Golyshina OV, Golyshin PN, Jones DL. Utilization of low-molecular-weight organic compounds by the filterable fraction of a lotic microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6017305. [PMID: 33264383 PMCID: PMC7864478 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filterable microorganisms participate in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in freshwater systems, however their exact functional role remains unknown. We determined the taxonomic identity and community dynamics of prokaryotic microbiomes in the 0.22 µm-filtered fraction and unfiltered freshwater from the Conwy River (North Wales, UK) in microcosms and, using targeted metabolomics and 14C-labelling, examined their role in the utilization of amino acids, organic acids and sugars spiked at environmentally-relevant (nanomolar) concentrations. To identify changes in community structure, we used 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Unlike the unfiltered water samples where the consumption of DOC was rapid, the filtered fraction showed a 3-day lag phase before the consumption started. Analysis of functional categories of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) showed that COGs associated with energy production increased in number in both fractions with substrate addition. The filtered fraction utilized low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC at much slower rates than the whole community. Addition of nanomolar concentrations of LMW DOC did not measurably influence the composition of the microbial community nor the rate of consumption across all substrate types in either fraction. We conclude that due to their low activity, filterable microorganisms play a minor role in LMW DOC processing within a short residence time of lotic freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia-Ann J Ghuneim
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Marco A Distaso
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Tatyana N Chernikova
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Evgenii A Lunev
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Korzhenkov
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan V Toshchakov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, FRC Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga V Golyshina
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.,UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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15
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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Biotic interactions with mycorrhizal systems as extended nutrient acquisition strategies shaping forest soil communities and functions. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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17
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Qian H, Liu S, Wang P, Huang Y, Lou Y, Huang L, Jiang C, Zhang D. Investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by aerobic thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Yue Y, Shao T, Long X, He T, Gao X, Zhou Z, Liu Z, Rengel Z. Microbiome structure and function in rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke grown in saline land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138259. [PMID: 32247981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement and development of saline-alkali soils is currently a hot economic and scientific issue, and exploring the correlation between rhizosphere microorganisms of plants growing on saline-alkali soils and their salt tolerance has become the key point of related research. In our study, the community structure of microorganism and various properties of saline soils were characterized in which Jerusalem artichoke grown along a soil salinity gradient. A variety of basic soil properties were measured and the amplicon was performed as well as metagenomic sequencing on coastal saline soils using various techniques (such as RDA analysis and the assembly of genomes) to evaluate microbial functions. In addition, WGCNA (Weighted gene coexpression network analysis) method was used to identify the species related to salt stress and the sequence binning to assemble two enriched putative bacterial genomes. The research showed the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke on saline soil changed soil physico-chemical and enzymatic properties; most of the rapidly changing as well as the long-term stable properties differed significantly between the rhizosphere and bulk soils. The amplicon and metagenomic sequencing revealed the function and structure of microorganisms varied between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, with greater microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. Catalase activity and the moisture content were the factors with the greatest impact on microorganisms. The putative genomes of two species of microorganisms (belong to Nitrospira and Gemmatimonas) were assembled, identified microbial species that were highly responsive to salt stress and that may play a key role in saline soil, stressed the important role of archaea in microbial communities in response to salt stress. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke to enable the improvement and economic development of saline land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyun Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tengfei He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaosheng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhaopu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/ Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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19
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Stachler AE, Schwarz TS, Schreiber S, Marchfelder A. CRISPRi as an efficient tool for gene repression in archaea. Methods 2020; 172:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Yan D, Gellie NJC, Mills JG, Connell G, Bissett A, Lowe AJ, Breed MF. A soil archaeal community responds to a decade of ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DongFeng Yan
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jacob G. Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Gemma Connell
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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21
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Wang M, Chen S, Chen L, Wang D. Saline stress modifies the effect of cadmium toxicity on soil archaeal communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109431. [PMID: 31301593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the response of soil archaeal communities to saline stress in different types of Cd-contaminated soils from the North China Plain. Increased soil salinity by addition of 0.5% sodium salts (NaCl: Na2SO4: NaHCO3: Na2CO3 = 1:9:9:1) increased available Cd concentration, resulting in decreased ratios of Cd2+/CdT and CdSO4/CdT and increased ratios of CdCln2-n/CdT in soil solution. Soil saline stress decreased archaeal abundance and diversity and changed major soil archaeal taxa. For example, increased saline stress enriched taxa in the archaeal phyla Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, and these enriched tolerant taxa had much stronger correlations with soil properties, such as soil pH, EC or Na+. In addition, some microbes with low abundances like Bathyarchaeia (no rank) and Candidatus Nitrosotenuis were found to closely correlate with soil pH, EC, Na+, and Cl-, indicating they might play disproportionate roles in regulating ecological functions in stressed habitats. These results suggest that saline stress modified the effect of Cd toxicity on soil archaeal communities in different types of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shibao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Duo Wang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
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22
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Yuan M, Liu S, Wang Z, Wang L, Xue B, Zou H, Tian G, Cai J, Peng Q. Effects of particle size of ground alfalfa hay on caecal bacteria and archaea populations of rabbits. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7910. [PMID: 31637140 PMCID: PMC6802586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed to investigate the effects of the different particle size of ground alfalfa hay on caecal microbial and archeal communities of rabbits. One hundred-twenty New Zealand rabbits (950.3 ± 8.82 g) were allocated into four treatments, with five replicates in each treatment and six rabbits in each replicate. The particle sizes of the alfalfa meal in the four treatment diets were 2,500, 1,000, 100 and 10 µm respectively, while the other ingredients were ground through a 2.5 mm sieve. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the differences in bacteria and methanogenic archaea diversity in the caecum of the four treatment groups of rabbits. A total of 745,946 bacterial sequences (a mean of 31,081 ± 13,901 sequences per sample) and 539,227 archaeal sequences (a mean of 22,468 ± 2,443 sequences per sample) were recovered from twenty-four caecal samples, and were clustered into 9,953 and 2,246 OTUs respectively. A total of 26 bacterial phyla with 465 genera and three archaeal phyla with 10 genera were identified after taxonomic summarization. Bioinformatic analyses illustrated that Firmicutes (58.69% ∼ 68.50%) and Bacteroidetes (23.96% ∼ 36.05%) were the two most predominant bacterial phyla and Euryarchaeota (over 99.9%) was the most predominant archaeal phyla in the caecum of all rabbits. At genus level, as the particle size of alfalfa decreased from 2,500 to 10 µm, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (P < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.043) were increased and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 (P = 0.012) was increased first and then decreased when the alfalfa particle size decreased, while Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (P = 0.016), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 (P = 0.044), Christensenellaceae R-7 group (P = 0.019), Lachnospiraceae other (Family) (P = 0.011) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 (P = 0.021) were decreased. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter was increased from 62.48% to 90.40% (P < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of Methanosphaera was reduced from 35.47% to 8.62% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, as the particle size of alfalfa meal decreased, both the bacterial and archaeal population in the caecum of rabbit experienced alterations, however archaea response earlier than bacteria to the decrease of alfalfa meal particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqiang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Odelade KA, Babalola OO. Bacteria, Fungi and Archaea Domains in Rhizospheric Soil and Their Effects in Enhancing Agricultural Productivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3873. [PMID: 31614851 PMCID: PMC6843647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The persistent and undiscriminating application of chemicals as means to improve crop growth, development and yields for several years has become problematic to agricultural sustainability because of the adverse effects these chemicals have on the produce, consumers and beneficial microbes in the ecosystem. Therefore, for agricultural productivity to be sustained there are needs for better and suitable preferences which would be friendly to the ecosystem. The use of microbial metabolites has become an attractive and more feasible preference because they are versatile, degradable and ecofriendly, unlike chemicals. In order to achieve this aim, it is then imperative to explore microbes that are very close to the root of a plant, especially where they are more concentrated and have efficient activities called the rhizosphere. Extensive varieties of bacteria, archaea, fungi and other microbes are found inhabiting the rhizosphere with various interactions with the plant host. Therefore, this review explores various beneficial microbes such as bacteria, fungi and archaea and their roles in the environment in terms of acquisition of nutrients for plants for the purposes of plant growth and health. It also discusses the effect of root exudate on the rhizosphere microbiome and compares the three domains at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Abraham Odelade
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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24
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Archaeal communities in the deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea revealed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Lopes-dos-Santos RMA, De Troch M, Bossier P, Van Stappen G. Labelling halophilic Archaea using 13C and 15N stable isotopes: a potential tool to investigate haloarchaea consumption by metazoans. Extremophiles 2019; 23:359-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Advances in genome-wide sequence technologies allow for detailed insights into the complexity of RNA landscapes of organisms from all three domains of life. Recent analyses of archaeal transcriptomes identified interaction and regulation networks of noncoding RNAs in this understudied domain. Here, we review current knowledge of small, noncoding RNAs with important functions for the archaeal lifestyle, which often requires adaptation to extreme environments. One focus is RNA metabolism at elevated temperatures in hyperthermophilic archaea, which reveals elevated amounts of RNA-guided RNA modification and virus defense strategies. Genome rearrangement events result in unique fragmentation patterns of noncoding RNA genes that require elaborate maturation pathways to yield functional transcripts. RNA-binding proteins, e.g., L7Ae and LSm, are important for many posttranscriptional control functions of RNA molecules in archaeal cells. We also discuss recent insights into the regulatory potential of their noncoding RNA partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente Gomes-Filho
- Prokaryotic Small RNA Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany;, ,
| | - Michael Daume
- Prokaryotic Small RNA Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany;, ,
| | - Lennart Randau
- Prokaryotic Small RNA Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany;, ,
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), 35032 Marburg, Germany
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27
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Heat shock response in archaea. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:581-593. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An adequate response to a sudden temperature rise is crucial for cellular fitness and survival. While heat shock response (HSR) is well described in bacteria and eukaryotes, much less information is available for archaea, of which many characterized species are extremophiles thriving in habitats typified by large temperature gradients. Here, we describe known molecular aspects of archaeal heat shock proteins (HSPs) as key components of the protein homeostasis machinery and place this in a phylogenetic perspective with respect to bacterial and eukaryotic HSPs. Particular emphasis is placed on structure–function details of the archaeal thermosome, which is a major element of the HSR and of which subunit composition is altered in response to temperature changes. In contrast with the structural response, it is largely unclear how archaeal cells sense temperature fluctuations and which molecular mechanisms underlie the corresponding regulation. We frame this gap in knowledge by discussing emerging questions related to archaeal HSR and by proposing methodologies to address them. Additionally, as has been shown in bacteria and eukaryotes, HSR is expected to be relevant for the control of physiology and growth in various stress conditions beyond temperature stress. A better understanding of this essential cellular process in archaea will not only provide insights into the evolution of HSR and of its sensing and regulation, but also inspire the development of biotechnological applications, by enabling transfer of archaeal heat shock components to other biological systems and for the engineering of archaea as robust cell factories.
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28
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Christensen LFB, Hansen LM, Finster K, Christiansen G, Nielsen PH, Otzen DE, Dueholm MS. The Sheaths of Methanospirillum Are Made of a New Type of Amyloid Protein. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2729. [PMID: 30483237 PMCID: PMC6242892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genera Methanospirillum and Methanosaeta contain species of anaerobic archaea that grow and divide within proteinaceous tubular sheaths that protect them from environmental stressors. The sheaths of Methanosaeta thermophila PT are composed of the 60.9 kDa major sheath protein MspA. In this study we show that sheaths purified from Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1 are regularly striated tubular structures with amyloid-like properties similar to those of M. thermophila PT. Depolymerizing the sheaths from M. hungatei JF-1 allowed us to identify a 40.6 kDa protein (WP_011449234.1) that shares 23% sequence similarity to MspA from M. thermophila PT (ABK14853.1), indicating that they might be distant homologs. The genome of M. hungatei JF-1 encodes six homologs of the identified MspA protein. Several homologs also exist in the related strains Methanospirillum stamsii Pt1 (7 homologs, 28–66% sequence identity), M. lacunae Ki8-1 C (15 homologs, 29–60% sequence identity) and Methanolinea tarda NOBI-1 (2 homologs, 31% sequence identity). The MspA protein discovered here could accordingly represent a more widely found sheath protein than the MspA from M. thermophila PT, which currently has no homologs in the NCBI Reference Sequence database (RefSeq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Friis Bakmann Christensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lonnie Maria Hansen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kai Finster
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Section for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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29
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Cabrera MÁ, Blamey JM. Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments. Biol Res 2018; 51:37. [PMID: 30290805 PMCID: PMC6172850 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, many industrial processes are performed using chemical compounds, which are harmful to nature. An alternative to overcome this problem is biocatalysis, which uses whole cells or enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in an environmentally friendly manner. Enzymes can be used as biocatalyst in food and feed, pharmaceutical, textile, detergent and beverage industries, among others. Since industrial processes require harsh reaction conditions to be performed, these enzymes must possess several characteristics that make them suitable for this purpose. Currently the best option is to use enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms, particularly archaea because of their special characteristics, such as stability to elevated temperatures, extremes of pH, organic solvents, and high ionic strength. Extremozymes, are being used in biotechnological industry and improved through modern technologies, such as protein engineering for best performance. Despite the wide distribution of archaea, exist only few reports about these microorganisms isolated from Antarctica and very little is known about thermophilic or hyperthermophilic archaeal enzymes particularly from Antarctica. This review summarizes current knowledge of archaeal enzymes with biotechnological applications, including two extremozymes from Antarctic archaea with potential industrial use, which are being studied in our laboratory. Both enzymes have been discovered through conventional screening and genome sequencing, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ángeles Cabrera
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenny M Blamey
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Santiago, Chile. .,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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30
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Liu S, Yuan M, Jin D, Wang Z, Zou H, Wang L, Xue B, Wu D, Tian G, Cai J, Yan T, Peng Q. Effects of the particle of ground alfalfa hay on the growth performance, methane production and archaeal populations of rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203393. [PMID: 30222733 PMCID: PMC6141101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's annual output of rabbits is over 1.2 billion, therefore this sector is also one of the sources of greenhouse gases in livestock production. One hundred-twenty New Zealand rabbits were allocated into four treatments, five replicates in each treatment and six rabbits in each replicate to examine the effect of grinding alfalfa hay to different sizes on growth performance, methane production and cecal archaeal populations. The particle sizes of the alfalfa meal in the four treatment diets were 2500, 1000, 100 and 10 μm, while the other ingredients were ground through a 2.5 mm sieve. The average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased (P<0.001) as the particle size decreased, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected (P = 0.305). The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P = 0.006) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P<0.006) increased while the greatest digestibility of crude protein (CP) was obtained in 1000 um group (P = 0.015). The rabbits produced more methane (CH4, L/kgBM0.75/d) with decreasing alfalfa particle size (P<0.001). The molar proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid decreased (P<0.001) at the cost of butyric acid (P<0.001). The greatest villus height:crypt depth ratio were obtained in 1000 μm group, and the decrease in the alfalfa hay particle size decreased the jejunum and ilem villus height:crypt depth ratio (P<0.05). The gastric muscular and mucosal thickness decreased with decreasing alfalfa particle size (P<0.05). Archaea diversity decreased with decreasing alfalfa particle size, and the relative abundance of genus Methanobrevibacter increased (P<0.001) while the genus Methanosphaera decreased (P<0.001). It is concluded that a finer particle size favors the growth of genus Methanobrevibacter, which produces more methane but promotes the growth performance of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dingxing Jin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bai Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, United Kingdom
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Baltacı N, Kalkancı A. Arkelerin (Archaea) Patojen Olma Potansiyeli. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2018. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.424318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Shapshak P. Astrobiology - an opposing view. Bioinformation 2018; 14:346-349. [PMID: 30237680 PMCID: PMC6137566 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of quantum computers and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is imperative for use in space exploration and astrobiology
investigations. Considerable progress has been made since the commencement of origin of life laboratory and theoretical studies in the
mid 20th century. However, the sheer amount of data amassed to date in all these studies including exoplanetary and astrobiological
studies is enormous and increasing steadily. Thus, there is the need for AI and quantum computers. As AI develops, it will become
crucial in the development of the statistical and database programs that are indispensable to analyze the huge quantity of cumulative
data. Diverse biotic and geochemical processes have been shown to produce methane on the Earth. Elsewhere in the solar system, on
other planets (e.g. Mars) and moons (e.g. Titan), as well as on exoplanets, abiotic processes are considered the primary sources of
methane. Astronomers and astro-biologists infer that the presence of methane supports the possibility of the presence of at least
microbial life. In addition, on the Earth, there are also degradative reactions that include smog-related compounds and hazes that are
produced as artefacts of intrinsic methane geochemistry as well as due to human footprint. Astronomers and astro-biologists envision
life, away from the Earth, elsewhere in the solar system and on exoplanets, to occur under conditions similar or related to terrestrial life
(goldilocks zone) conditions. These properties that are compatible with life as we know it on the Earth, include planetary orbits,
gravitation, star radiant energy, presence of liquid water, and compatible temperatures and pressures, found on Earth. Generally,
extraterrestrial life is also considered to resemble the biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of life on Earth - thus the focus
on detection of supposed biosignatures of microbial life that resemble the Earth's. Nevertheless a crucial factor is absent in these
deliberations - viruses. On the Earth, viruses that infect Archaea and bacteria form local and widespread global ecosystems. These
viruses play a crucial role and facilitate the molecular transfer of host genes among various hosts. This essential function is
underestimated in evolutionary as well as astrobiological speculations. Thus, it is of substantial importance to consider the roles that
viruses may have played during the origin of life as well as in any exobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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What Is the Role of Archaea in Plants? New Insights from the Vegetation of Alpine Bogs. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00122-18. [PMID: 29743201 PMCID: PMC5956146 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00122-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaea are still an underdetected and little-studied part of the plant microbiome. We provide first and novel insights into Archaea as a functional component of the plant microbiome obtained by metagenomic analyses. Archaea were found to have the potential to interact with plants by (i) plant growth promotion through auxin biosynthesis, (ii) nutrient supply, and (iii) protection against abiotic stress. The Archaea represent a significant component of the plant microbiome, whereas their function is still unclear. Different plant species representing the natural vegetation of alpine bogs harbor a substantial archaeal community originating from five phyla, 60 genera, and 334 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We identified a core archaeome for all bog plants and ecosystem-specific, so far unclassified Archaea. In the metagenomic data set, Archaea were found to have the potential to interact with plants by (i) possible plant growth promotion through auxin biosynthesis, (ii) nutrient supply, and (iii) protection against abiotic (especially oxidative and osmotic) stress. The unexpectedly high degree of plant specificity supports plant-archaeon interactions. Moreover, functional signatures of Archaea reveal genetic capacity for the interplay with fungi and an important role in the carbon and nitrogen cycle: e.g., CO2 and N2 fixation. These facts reveal an important, yet unobserved role of the Archaea for plants as well as for the bog ecosystem. IMPORTANCEArchaea are still an underdetected and little-studied part of the plant microbiome. We provide first and novel insights into Archaea as a functional component of the plant microbiome obtained by metagenomic analyses. Archaea were found to have the potential to interact with plants by (i) plant growth promotion through auxin biosynthesis, (ii) nutrient supply, and (iii) protection against abiotic stress.
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Zhai Y, Li X, Wang T, Wang B, Li C, Zeng G. A review on airborne microorganisms in particulate matters: Composition, characteristics and influence factors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:74-90. [PMID: 29421410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms (AM), vital components of particulate matters (PM), are widespread in the atmosphere. Since some AM have pathogenicity, they can lead to a wide range of diseases in human and other organisms, meanwhile, some AM act as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei which let them can affect the climate. The inherent characteristics of AM play critical roles in many aspects which, in turn, can decide microbial traits. The uncertain factors bring various influences on AM, which make it difficult to elaborate effect trends as whole. Because of the potential roles of AM in environment and potent effects of factors on AM, detailed knowledge of them is of primary significance. This review highlights the issues of composition and characteristics of AM with size-distribution, species diversity, variation and so on, and summarizes the main factors which affect airborne microbial features. This general information is a knowledge base for further thorough researches of AM and relevant aspects. Besides, current knowledge gaps and new perspectives are offered to roundly understand the impacts and application of AM in nature and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Han B, Zhang S, Wang P, Wang C. Effects of water flow on submerged macrophyte-biofilm systems in constructed wetlands. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2650. [PMID: 29422525 PMCID: PMC5805772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of water flow on the leaf-biofilm interface of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata were investigated using artificial plants as the control. Water flow inhibited the growth of two species of submerged macrophytes, reduced oxygen concentrations in plant leaves and changed oxygen profiles at the leaf-biofilm interface. The results from confocal laser scanning microscopy and multifractal analysis showed that water flow reduced biofilm thickness, changed biofilm topographic characterization and increased the percentages of single colony-like biofilm patches. A cluster analysis revealed that the bacterial compositions in biofilms were determined mainly by substrate types and were different from those in sediments. However, water flow increased the bacterial diversity in biofilms in terms of operational taxonomic unit numbers and Shannon Indices. Our results indicated that water flow can be used to regulate the biomass, distribution and bacterial diversities of epiphytic biofilms in constructed wetlands dominated by submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Yan Y, Ma M, Liu X, Ma W, Li Y. Vertical distribution of archaeal communities associated with anaerobic degradation of pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in river-based groundwater recharge with reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5154-5163. [PMID: 28871397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When groundwater is recharged with reclaimed water, the presence of trace amounts of biorefractory pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE, specifically BDE-99) might cause potential groundwater pollution. A laboratory-scale column was designed to investigate the distribution of the community of archaea in this scenario and the associated anaerobic degradation of BDE-99. The concentration of BDE-99 decreased significantly as soil depth increased, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis suggested that archaea exerted significant effects on the biodegradation of PBDE. Through 454 pyrosequencing of 16s rRNA genes, we found that the distribution and structure of the archaeal community associated with anaerobic degradation of BDE-99 in the river-based aquifer media changed significantly between different soil depths. The primary debrominated metabolites varied with changes in the vertically distributed archaeal community. The archaea in the surface layer were dominated by Methanomethylovorans, and the middle layer was mainly composed of Nitrososphaera. Nitrosopumilus and Nitrososphaera were equally abundant in the bottom layer. In addition, Methanomethylovorans abundance depended on the depth of soil, and the relative abundance of Nitrosopumilus increased with increasing depth, which was associated with the oxidation-reduction potential and the content of intermediate metabolites. We propose that Nitrososphaera and Nitrosopumilus might be the key archaeal taxa mediating the biodegradation of BDE-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengsi Ma
- Graduate School of International Relationship, International University of Japan, Minamiuonuma, 9497248, Japan
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yangyao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Lecker B, Illi L, Lemmer A, Oechsner H. Biological hydrogen methanation - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1220-1228. [PMID: 28893503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Surplus energy out of fluctuating energy sources like wind and solar energy is strongly increasing. Biological hydrogen (H2) methanation (BHM) is a highly promising approach to move the type of energy from electricity to natural gas via electrolysis and the subsequent step of the Sabatier-reaction. This review provides an overview of the numerous studies concerning the topic of BHM. The technical and biological parameters regarding the research results of these studies are compared and analyzed hereafter. A holistic view on how to overcome physical limitations of the fermentation process, such as gas-liquid mass transfer or a rise of the pH value, and on the enhancement of environmental circumstances for the bacterial biomass are delivered within. With regards to ex-situ methanation, the evaluated studies show a distinct connection between methane production and the methane percentage in the off-gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lecker
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Lukas Illi
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Chim N, Shi C, Sau SP, Nikoomanzar A, Chaput JC. Structural basis for TNA synthesis by an engineered TNA polymerase. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1810. [PMID: 29180809 PMCID: PMC5703726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Darwinian evolution experiments carried out on xeno-nucleic acid (XNA) polymers require engineered polymerases that can faithfully and efficiently copy genetic information back and forth between DNA and XNA. However, current XNA polymerases function with inferior activity relative to their natural counterparts. Here, we report five X-ray crystal structures that illustrate the pathway by which α-(l)-threofuranosyl nucleic acid (TNA) triphosphates are selected and extended in a template-dependent manner using a laboratory-evolved polymerase known as Kod-RI. Structural comparison of the apo, binary, open and closed ternary, and translocated product detail an ensemble of interactions and conformational changes required to promote TNA synthesis. Close inspection of the active site in the closed ternary structure reveals a sub-optimal binding geometry that explains the slow rate of catalysis. This key piece of information, which is missing for all naturally occurring archaeal DNA polymerases, provides a framework for engineering new TNA polymerase variants. The laboratory-evolved polymerase Kod-RI catalyzes α-L-threose nucleic acid (TNA) synthesis. Here, the authors present Kod-RI crystal structures that give insights into how TNA triphosphates are selected and extended in a template-dependent manner, which will help to engineer improved TNA polymerases for synthetic genetics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chim
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - Changhua Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - Sujay P Sau
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - Ali Nikoomanzar
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - John C Chaput
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA.
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Effects of salinity on the cellular physiological responses of Natrinema sp. J7-2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184974. [PMID: 28926633 PMCID: PMC5604999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) live in hyersaline environments such as salt lakes, salt ponds and marine salterns. To cope with the salt stress conditions, haloarchaea have developed two fundamentally different strategies: the "salt-in" strategy and the "compatible-solute" strategy. Although investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance to high salt concentrations has made outstanding achievements, experimental study from the aspect of transcription is rare. In the present study, we monitored cellular physiology of Natrinema sp. J7-2 cells incubated in different salinity media (15%, 25% and 30% NaCl) from several aspects, such as cellular morphology, growth, global transcriptome and the content of intracellular free amino acids. The results showed that the cells were polymorphic and fragile at a low salt concentration (15% NaCl) but had a long, slender rod shape at high salt concentrations (25% and 30% NaCl). The cells grew best in 25% NaCl, mediocre in 30% NaCl and struggled in 15% NaCl. An RNA-seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in various salinity media. A total of 1,148 genes were differentially expressed, consisting of 719 DEGs (348 up-regulated and 371 down-regulated genes) between cells in 15% vs 25% NaCl, and 733 DEGs (521 up-regulated and 212 down-regulated genes) between cells in 25% vs 30% NaCl. Moreover, 304 genes were commonly differentially expressed in both 15% vs 25% and 25% vs30% NaCl. The DEGs were enriched in different KEGG metabolic pathways, such as amino acids, glycerolipid, ribosome, nitrogen, protoporphyrin, porphyrin and porhiniods. The intracellular predominant free amino acids consisted of the glutamate family (Glu, Arg and Pro), aspartate family (Asp) and aromatic amino acids (Phe and Trp), especially Glu and Asp.
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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Cryosphere and Psychrophiles: Insights into a Cold Origin of Life? Life (Basel) 2017; 7:life7020025. [PMID: 28604605 PMCID: PMC5492147 DOI: 10.3390/life7020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychrophiles thrive permanently in the various cold environments on Earth. Their unsuspected ability to remain metabolically active in the most extreme low temperature conditions provides insights into a possible cold step in the origin of life. More specifically, metabolically active psychrophilic bacteria have been observed at −20 °C in the ice eutectic phase (i.e., the liquid veins between sea ice crystals). In the context of the RNA world hypothesis, this ice eutectic phase would have provided stability to the RNA molecules and confinement of the molecules in order to react and replicate. This aspect has been convincingly tested by laboratory experiments.
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Activity-based protein profiling as a robust method for enzyme identification and screening in extremophilic Archaea. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15352. [PMID: 28480883 PMCID: PMC5424146 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaea are characterized by a unique life style in often environmental extremes but their thorough investigation is currently hampered by a limited set of suitable in vivo research methodologies. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) may be used to sensitively detect either native or heterogeneously expressed active enzymes in living archaea even under these extreme conditions. In combination with the development of a genetically engineered archaeal screening strain, ABPP can furthermore be used in functional enzyme screenings from (meta)genome samples. We anticipate that our ABPP approach may therefore find application in basic archaeal research but also in the discovery of novel enzymes from (meta)genome libraries. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomics method to profile activity states of enzymes under physiological conditions. Here the authors show that ABPP can be applied to archaeal serine hydrolases in the model organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and can be used to identify novel putative serine hydrolases.
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Cho S, Kim MS, Jeong Y, Lee BR, Lee JH, Kang SG, Cho BK. Genome-wide primary transcriptome analysis of H 2-producing archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43044. [PMID: 28216628 PMCID: PMC5316973 DOI: 10.1038/srep43044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of their pivotal roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, the regulatory elements of archaeal genomes are not yet fully understood. Here, we determine the primary transcriptome of the H2-producing archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. We identified 1,082 purine-rich transcription initiation sites along with well-conserved TATA box, A-rich B recognition element (BRE), and promoter proximal element (PPE) motif in promoter regions, a high pyrimidine nucleotide content (T/C) at the -1 position, and Shine-Dalgarno (SD) motifs (GGDGRD) in 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs). Along with differential transcript levels, 117 leaderless genes and 86 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified, representing diverse cellular functions and potential regulatory functions under the different growth conditions. Interestingly, we observed low GC content in ncRNAs for RNA-based regulation via unstructured forms or interaction with other cellular components. Further comparative analysis of T. onnurineus upstream regulatory sequences with those of closely related archaeal genomes demonstrated that transcription of orthologous genes are initiated by highly conserved promoter sequences, however their upstream sequences for transcriptional and translational regulation are largely diverse. These results provide the genetic information of T. onnurineus for its future application in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rahm Lee
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Lyu Z, Whitman WB. Evolution of the archaeal and mammalian information processing systems: towards an archaeal model for human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:183-212. [PMID: 27261368 PMCID: PMC11107668 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current evolutionary models suggest that Eukaryotes originated from within Archaea instead of being a sister lineage. To test this model of ancient evolution, we review recent studies and compare the three major information processing subsystems of replication, transcription and translation in the Archaea and Eukaryotes. Our hypothesis is that if the Eukaryotes arose within the archaeal radiation, their information processing systems will appear to be one of kind and not wholly original. Within the Eukaryotes, the mammalian or human systems are emphasized because of their importance in understanding health. Biochemical as well as genetic studies provide strong evidence for the functional similarity of archaeal homologs to the mammalian information processing system and their dissimilarity to the bacterial systems. In many independent instances, a simple archaeal system is functionally equivalent to more elaborate eukaryotic homologs, suggesting that evolution of complexity is likely an central feature of the eukaryotic information processing system. Because fewer components are often involved, biochemical characterizations of the archaeal systems are often easier to interpret. Similarly, the archaeal cell provides a genetically and metabolically simpler background, enabling convenient studies on the complex information processing system. Therefore, Archaea could serve as a parsimonious and tractable host for studying human diseases that arise in the information processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - William B Whitman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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The Distribution Pattern of Sediment Archaea Community of the Poyang Lake, the Largest Freshwater Lake in China. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2016; 2016:9278929. [PMID: 28070167 PMCID: PMC5187460 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9278929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Archaea plays an important role in the global geobiochemical circulation of various environments. However, much less is known about the ecological role of archaea in freshwater lake sediments. Thus, investigating the structure and diversity of archaea community is vital to understand the metabolic processes in freshwater lake ecosystems. In this study, sediment physicochemical properties were combined with the results from 16S rRNA clone library-sequencing to examine the sediment archaea diversity and the environmental factors driving the sediment archaea community structures. Seven sites were chosen from Poyang Lake, including two sites from the main lake body and five sites from the inflow river estuaries. Our results revealed high diverse archaea community in the sediment of Poyang Lake, including Bathyarchaeota (45.5%), Euryarchaeota (43.1%), Woesearchaeota (3.6%), Pacearchaeota (1.7%), Thaumarchaeota (1.4%), suspended Lokiarchaeota (0.7%), Aigarchaeota (0.2%), and Unclassified Archaea (3.8%). The archaea community compositions differed among sites, and sediment property had considerable influence on archaea community structures and distribution, especially total organic carbon (TOC) and metal lead (Pb) (p < 0.05). This study provides primary profile of sediment archaea distribution in freshwater lakes and helps to deepen our understanding of lake sediment microbes.
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Speijer D. Birth of the eukaryotes by a set of reactive innovations: New insights force us to relinquish gradual models. Bioessays 2016; 37:1268-76. [PMID: 26577075 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Of two contending models for eukaryotic evolution the "archezoan" has an amitochondriate eukaryote take up an endosymbiont, while "symbiogenesis" states that an Archaeon became a eukaryote as the result of this uptake. If so, organelle formation resulting from new engulfments is simplified by the primordial symbiogenesis, and less informative regarding the bacterium-to-mitochondrion conversion. Gradualist archezoan visions still permeate evolutionary thinking, but are much less likely than symbiogenesis. Genuine amitochondriate eukaryotes have never been found and rapid, explosive adaptive periods characteristic of symbiogenetic models explain this. Mitochondrial proteomes, encoded by genes of "eukaryotic origin" not easily linked to host or endosymbiont, can be understood in light of rapid adjustments to new evolutionary pressures. Symbiogenesis allows "expensive" eukaryotic inventions via efficient ATP generation by nascent mitochondria. However, efficient ATP production equals enhanced toxic internal ROS formation. The synergistic combination of these two driving forces gave rise to the rapid evolution of eukaryotes. Also watch the Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Speijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liao Y, Williams TJ, Walsh JC, Ji M, Poljak A, Curmi PMG, Duggin IG, Cavicchioli R. Developing a genetic manipulation system for the Antarctic archaeon, Halorubrum lacusprofundi: investigating acetamidase gene function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34639. [PMID: 27708407 PMCID: PMC5052560 DOI: 10.1038/srep34639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
No systems have been reported for genetic manipulation of cold-adapted Archaea. Halorubrum lacusprofundi is an important member of Deep Lake, Antarctica (~10% of the population), and is amendable to laboratory cultivation. Here we report the development of a shuttle-vector and targeted gene-knockout system for this species. To investigate the function of acetamidase/formamidase genes, a class of genes not experimentally studied in Archaea, the acetamidase gene, amd3, was disrupted. The wild-type grew on acetamide as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but the mutant did not. Acetamidase/formamidase genes were found to form three distinct clades within a broad distribution of Archaea and Bacteria. Genes were present within lineages characterized by aerobic growth in low nutrient environments (e.g. haloarchaea, Starkeya) but absent from lineages containing anaerobes or facultative anaerobes (e.g. methanogens, Epsilonproteobacteria) or parasites of animals and plants (e.g. Chlamydiae). While acetamide is not a well characterized natural substrate, the build-up of plastic pollutants in the environment provides a potential source of introduced acetamide. In view of the extent and pattern of distribution of acetamidase/formamidase sequences within Archaea and Bacteria, we speculate that acetamide from plastics may promote the selection of amd/fmd genes in an increasing number of environmental microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - T J Williams
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - J C Walsh
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - M Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - A Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P M G Curmi
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - I G Duggin
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - R Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Danovaro R, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C, Rastelli E, Cavicchioli R, Krupovic M, Noble RT, Nunoura T, Prangishvili D. Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600492. [PMID: 27757416 PMCID: PMC5061471 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world's oceans, and they play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. In deep-sea ecosystems, archaea and bacteria drive major nutrient cycles, and viruses are largely responsible for their mortality, thereby exerting important controls on microbial dynamics. However, the relative impact of viruses on archaea compared to bacteria is unknown, limiting our understanding of the factors controlling the functioning of marine systems at a global scale. We evaluate the selectivity of viral infections by using several independent approaches, including an innovative molecular method based on the quantification of archaeal versus bacterial genes released by viral lysis. We provide evidence that, in all oceanic surface sediments (from 1000- to 10,000-m water depth), the impact of viral infection is higher on archaea than on bacteria. We also found that, within deep-sea benthic archaea, the impact of viruses was mainly directed at members of specific clades of Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. Although archaea represent, on average, ~12% of the total cell abundance in the top 50 cm of sediment, virus-induced lysis of archaea accounts for up to one-third of the total microbial biomass killed, resulting in the release of ~0.3 to 0.5 gigatons of carbon per year globally. Our results indicate that viral infection represents a key mechanism controlling the turnover of archaea in surface deep-sea sediments. We conclude that interactions between archaea and their viruses might play a profound, previously underestimated role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and in global biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Ricardo Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rachel T. Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - David Prangishvili
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
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50
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Fan X, Xing P. Differences in the Composition of Archaeal Communities in Sediments from Contrasting Zones of Lake Taihu. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1510. [PMID: 27708641 PMCID: PMC5030832 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In shallow lakes, different primary producers might impact the physiochemical characteristics of the sediment and the associated microbial communities. Until now, little was known about the features of sediment Archaea and their variation across different primary producer-dominated ecosystems. Lake Taihu provides a suitable study area with cyanobacteria- and macrophyte-dominated zones co-occurring in one ecosystem. The composition of the sediment archaeal community was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology, based on which the potential variation with respect to the physiochemical characteristics of the sediment was analyzed. Euryarchaeota (30.19% of total archaeal sequences) and Bathyarchaeota (28.00%) were the two most abundant phyla, followed by Crenarchaeota (11.37%), Aigarchaeota (10.24%) and Thaumarchaeota (5.98%). The differences found in the composition of the archaeal communities between the two zones was significant (p = 0.005). Sediment from macrophyte-dominated zones had high TOC and TN content and an abundance of archaeal lineages potentially involved in the degradation of complex organic compounds, such as the order Thermoplasmatales. In the area dominated by Cyanobacteria, archaeal lineages related to sulfur metabolism, for example, Sulfolobales and Desulfurococcales, were significantly enriched. Among Bathyarchaeota, subgroups MCG-6 and MCG-15 were significantly accumulated in the sediment of areas dominated by macrophytes whereas MCG-4 was consistently dominant in both type of sediments. The present study contributes to the knowledge of sediment archaeal communities with different primary producers and their possible biogeochemical functions in sediment habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology (CAS)Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science (CAS)Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology (CAS) Nanjing, China
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