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Marques CR, Campos J, Sampaio-Marques B, Antunes FF, Dos Santos Cunha RM, Silva D, Barata-Antunes S, Lima R, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, da Silva CL, Sousa RA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a dynamic system induces neuroprotection and modulates microglial responsiveness in an α-synuclein overexpression rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:700-713. [PMID: 38483360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of the disease remains largely unknown, but evidence have suggested that the overexpression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) play key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been earning attention in this field, mainly due to their paracrine capacity. The bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, i.e. their secretome, have been associated with enhanced neuronal survival as well as a strong modulatory capacity of the microenvironments where the disease develops. The selection of the appropriate animal model is crucial in studies of efficacy assessment. Given the involvement of α-syn in the pathogenesis of PD, the evidence generated from the use of animal models that develop a pathologic phenotype due to the action of this protein is extremely valuable. Therefore, in this work, we established an animal model based on the viral vector-mediated overexpression of A53T α-syn and studied the impact of the secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells MSC(M) as a therapeutic strategy. METHODS Adult male rats were subjected to α-syn over expression in the nigrostriatal pathway to model dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The impact of locally administered secretome treatment from MSC(M) was studied. Motor impairments were assessed throughout the study coupled with whole-region (striatum and substantia nigra) confocal microscopy evaluation of histopathological changes associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and glial cell reactivity. RESULTS Ten weeks after lesion induction, the animals received secretome injections in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (STR). The secretome used was produced from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells MSC(M) expanded in a spinner flask (SP) system. Nine weeks later, animals that received the viral vector containing the gene for A53T α-syn and treated with vehicle (Neurobasal-A medium) presented dopaminergic cell loss in the SNpc and denervation in the STR. The treatment with secretome significantly reduced the levels of α-syn in the SNpc and protected the dopaminergic neurons (DAn) within the SNpc and STR. CONCLUSIONS Our results are aligned with previous studies in both α-syn Caenorhabditis elegans models, as well as 6-OHDA rodent model, revealing that secretome exerted a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, these effects were associated with a modulation of microglial reactivity supporting an immunomodulatory role for the factors contained within the secretome. This further supports the development of new studies exploring the effects and the mechanism of action of secretome from MSC(M) against α-syn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Raquel Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel Medina Dos Santos Cunha
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barata-Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Amandi Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Barco, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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Jia X, Chen Q, Yao C, Asakawa T, Zhang Y. α-synuclein regulates Cyclin D1 to promote abnormal initiation of the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in dopamine neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116444. [PMID: 38503238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, while misfolding and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) are core pathological features. Previous studies have suggested that damage to dopamine neurons may be related to cell cycle dysregulation, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a PD mouse model was induced by stereotactic injection of α-syn into the nucleus, and treated with the cell cycle inhibitor, roscovitine (Rosc). The results demonstrated that Rosc improved behavioral disorders caused by α-syn, increased TH protein expression, inhibited α-syn and p-α-syn protein expression, and reduced the expression levels of G1/S phase cell cycle genes Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, E2F and pRB. Additionally, Rosc decreased Bax and Caspase-3 expression caused by α-syn, while increasing Bcl-2 protein expression. Meanwhile, we observed that α-syn can influence neuronal cell autophagy by decreasing the expression level of Beclin 1 and increasing the expression level of P62. However, Rosc can improve this phenomenon. In a cell model induced by α-syn in dopamine neuron injury cells, knockdown of Cyclin D1 led to similar results as those observed in animal experiments: Knocking down Cyclin D1 improved the abnormal initiation of the cell cycle caused by α-syn and regulated cellular autophagy, resulting in a reduction of apoptosis in dopamine neurons. In summary, exogenous α-syn can lead to the accumulation of α-syn and phosphorylated α-syn in dopamine neurons, increase key factors of the G1/S phase cell cycle such as Cyclin D1, and regulate downstream related indicators, causing the cell cycle to restart and leading to apoptosis of dopamine neurons. This exacerbates PD symptoms. However, knockdown of Cyclin D1 inhibits the progression of the cell cycle and can reverse this situation. These findings suggest that a Cyclin D inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic target for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ciyu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Fuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, FuZhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518112, China.
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Rico AJ, Corcho A, Chocarro J, Ariznabarreta G, Roda E, Honrubia A, Arnaiz P, Lanciego JL. Development and characterization of a non-human primate model of disseminated synucleinopathy. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1355940. [PMID: 38601798 PMCID: PMC11004326 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1355940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence of a widespread cortical synucleinopathy is the main neuropathological hallmark underlying clinical entities such as Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There currently is a pressing need for the development of non-human primate (NHPs) models of PDD and DLB to further overcome existing limitations in drug discovery. Methods Here we took advantage of a retrogradely-spreading adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 coding for the alpha-synuclein A53T mutated gene (AAV9-SynA53T) to induce a widespread synucleinopathy of cortical and subcortical territories innervating the putamen. Four weeks post-AAV deliveries animals were sacrificed and a comprehensive biodistribution study was conducted, comprising the quantification of neurons expressing alpha-synuclein, rostrocaudal distribution and their specific location. Results Intraputaminal deliveries of AAV9-SynA53T lead to a disseminated synucleinopathy throughout ipsi- and contralateral cerebral cortices, together with transduced neurons located in the ipsilateral caudal intralaminar nuclei and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (leading to thalamostriatal and nigrostriatal projections, respectively). Cortical afferent systems were found to be the main contributors to putaminal afferents (superior frontal and precentral gyri in particular). Discussion Obtained data extends current models of synucleinopathies in NHPs, providing a reproducible platform enabling the adequate implementation of end-stage preclinical screening of new drugs targeting alpha-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Rico
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Almudena Corcho
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julia Chocarro
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elvira Roda
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Patricia Arnaiz
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - José L. Lanciego
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Neha, Mazahir I, Khan SA, Kaushik P, Parvez S. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopamine Agonists as an Effective Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8. [PMID: 38468113 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment with a slower rate of advancement that is more common in older adults. The biggest risk factor for PD is getting older, and those over 60 have an exponentially higher incidence of this condition. The failure of the mitochondrial electron chain, changes in the dynamics of the mitochondria, and abnormalities in calcium and ion homeostasis are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and an energy deficit are linked to these alterations. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a medication that is typically used to treat most PD patients, but because of its negative effects, additional medications have been created utilizing L-DOPA as the parent molecule. Ergot and non-ergot derivatives make up most PD medications. PD is successfully managed with the use of dopamine agonists (DA). To get around the motor issues produced by L-DOPA, these dopamine derivatives can directly excite DA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. In the past 10 years, two non-ergoline DA with strong binding properties for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and a preference for the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) subtype, ropinirole, and pramipexole (PPx) have been developed for the treatment of PD. This review covers the most recent research on the efficacy and safety of non-ergot drugs like ropinirole and PPx as supplementary therapy to DOPA for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Iqra Mazahir
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sara Akhtar Khan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Carreras Mascaro A, Grochowska MM, Boumeester V, Dits NFJ, Bilgiҫ EN, Breedveld GJ, Vergouw L, de Jong FJ, van Royen ME, Bonifati V, Mandemakers W. LRP10 and α-synuclein transmission in Lewy body diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:75. [PMID: 38315424 PMCID: PMC10844361 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant variants in LRP10 have been identified in patients with Lewy body diseases (LBDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease-dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Nevertheless, there is little mechanistic insight into the role of LRP10 in disease pathogenesis. In the brains of control individuals, LRP10 is typically expressed in non-neuronal cells like astrocytes and neurovasculature, but in idiopathic and genetic cases of PD, PDD, and DLB, it is also present in α-synuclein-positive neuronal Lewy bodies. These observations raise the questions of what leads to the accumulation of LRP10 in Lewy bodies and whether a possible interaction between LRP10 and α-synuclein plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that wild-type LRP10 is secreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and can be internalised via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Additionally, we show that LRP10 secretion is highly sensitive to autophagy inhibition, which induces the formation of atypical LRP10 vesicular structures in neurons in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived brain organoids. Furthermore, we show that LRP10 overexpression leads to a strong induction of monomeric α-synuclein secretion, together with time-dependent, stress-sensitive changes in intracellular α-synuclein levels. Interestingly, patient-derived astrocytes carrying the c.1424 + 5G > A LRP10 variant secrete aberrant high-molecular-weight species of LRP10 in EV-free media fractions. Finally, we show that this truncated patient-derived LRP10 protein species (LRP10splice) binds to wild-type LRP10, reduces LRP10 wild-type levels, and antagonises the effect of LRP10 on α-synuclein levels and distribution. Together, this work provides initial evidence for a possible functional role of LRP10 in LBDs by modulating intra- and extracellular α-synuclein levels, and pathogenic mechanisms linked to the disease-associated c.1424 + 5G > A LRP10 variant, pointing towards potentially important disease mechanisms in LBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martyna M Grochowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Boumeester
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja F J Dits
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ece Naz Bilgiҫ
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Vergouw
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Jan de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhu Y, Hui Q, Zhang Z, Fu H, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo L, He W, Han C. Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25309. [PMID: 38400573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinlong Hui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Preface. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:xvii-xxiv. [PMID: 38556455 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Animal models of disease: Achievements and challenges. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 188:xv-xxi. [PMID: 38880531 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Jeong JY, Lee HJ, Kim N, Li Y, Rah JC, Oh WJ. Impaired neuronal activity as a potential factor contributing to the underdeveloped cerebrovasculature in a young Parkinson's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22613. [PMID: 38114623 PMCID: PMC10730707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain causes cellular dysfunction, leading to cell death in a group of neurons, and consequently causes the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although many studies have demonstrated the pathological connections between vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unclear how neuronal accumulation of α-Syn affects the structural and functional aspects of the cerebrovasculature to accelerate early disease progression. Here, we demonstrated the effect of aberrant α-Syn expression on the brain vasculature using a PD mouse model expressing a familial mutant form of human α-Syn selectively in neuronal cells. We showed that young PD mice have an underdeveloped cerebrovasculature without significant α-Syn accumulation in the vasculature. During the early phase of PD, toxic α-Syn was selectively increased in neuronal cells, while endothelial cell proliferation was decreased in the absence of vascular cell death or neuroinflammation. Instead, we observed altered neuronal activation and minor changes in the activity-dependent gene expression in brain endothelial cells (ECs) in young PD mice. These findings demonstrated that neuronal expression of mutant α-Syn in the early stage of PD induces abnormal neuronal activity and contributes to vascular patterning defects, which could be associated with a reduced angiogenic potential of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jeong
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Sensory and Motor System Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Namsuk Kim
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Sensory and Motor System Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Won-Jong Oh
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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11
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Guo Y, Chen J, Ji W, Xu L, Xie Y, He S, Lai C, Hou K, Li Z, Chen G, Wu Z. High-titer AAV disrupts cerebrovascular integrity and induces lymphocyte infiltration in adult mouse brain. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101102. [PMID: 37753218 PMCID: PMC10518493 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The brain is often described as an "immune-privileged" organ due to the presence of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which limits the entry of immune cells. In general, intracranial injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a relatively safe procedure. In this study, we discovered that AAV, a popular engineered viral vector for gene therapy, can disrupt the BBB and induce immune cell infiltration in a titer-dependent manner. First, our bulk RNA sequencing data revealed that injection of high-titer AAV significantly upregulated many genes involved in disrupting BBB integrity and antiviral adaptive immune responses. By using histologic analysis, we further demonstrated that the biological structure of the BBB was severely disrupted in the adult mouse brain. Meanwhile, we noticed abnormal leakage of blood components, including immune cells, within the brain parenchyma of high-titer AAV injected areas. Moreover, we identified that the majority of infiltrated immune cells were cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which resulted in a massive loss of neurons at the site of AAV injection. In addition, antagonizing CTL function by administering antibodies significantly reduced neuronal toxicity induced by high-titer AAV. Collectively, our findings underscore potential severe side effects of intracranial injection of high-titer AAV, which might compromise proper data interpretation if unaware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu He
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuying Lai
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zeru Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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12
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Chocarro J, Rico AJ, Ariznabarreta G, Roda E, Honrubia A, Collantes M, Peñuelas I, Vázquez A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Vila M, Lanciego JL. Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates. Brain 2023; 146:5000-5014. [PMID: 37769648 PMCID: PMC10689915 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neuromelanin is a dark pigment characteristic of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra pars compacta, its potential role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has often been neglected since most commonly used laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Here we took advantage of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the human tyrosinase gene for triggering a time-dependent neuromelanin accumulation within substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in macaques up to similar levels of pigmentation as observed in elderly humans. Furthermore, neuromelanin accumulation induced an endogenous synucleinopathy mimicking intracellular inclusions typically observed in PD together with a progressive degeneration of neuromelanin-expressing dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions were observed in cortical areas of the frontal lobe receiving dopaminergic innervation, supporting a circuit-specific anterograde spread of endogenous synucleinopathy by permissive trans-synaptic templating. In summary, the conducted strategy resulted in the development and characterization of a new macaque model of PD matching the known neuropathology of this disorder with unprecedented accuracy. Most importantly, evidence is provided showing that intracellular aggregation of endogenous α-synuclein is triggered by neuromelanin accumulation, therefore any therapeutic approach intended to decrease neuromelanin levels may provide appealing choices for the successful implementation of novel PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chocarro
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alberto J Rico
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elvira Roda
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - María Collantes
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vázquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurodegenerative Diseses Research Group, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Lanciego
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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13
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Teil M, Dovero S, Bourdenx M, Arotcarena ML, Darricau M, Porras G, Thiolat ML, Trigo-Damas I, Perier C, Estrada C, Garcia-Carrillo N, Herrero MT, Vila M, Obeso JA, Bezard E, Dehay B. Cortical Lewy body injections induce long-distance pathogenic alterations in the non-human primate brain. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:135. [PMID: 37726343 PMCID: PMC10509171 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the cornerstone of neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). These synucleinopathies are characterized by the deposit of aggregated α-syn in intracellular inclusions observable in neurons and glial cells. In PD and DLB, these aggregates, predominantly located in neurons, are called Lewy Bodies (LBs). These LBs are one of the pathological hallmarks of PD and DLB, alongside dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of PD patient-derived LB fractions to induce nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and α-syn pathology when injected into the striatum or the enteric nervous system of non-human primates. Here, we report the pathological consequences of injecting these LB fractions into the cortex of non-human primates. To this end, we inoculated mesencephalic PD patient-derived LB fractions into the prefrontal cortex of baboon monkeys terminated one year later. Extensive analyses were performed to evaluate pathological markers known to be affected in LB pathologies. We first assessed the hypothesized presence of phosphorylated α-syn at S129 (pSyn) in the prefrontal cortices. Second, we quantified the neuronal, microglial, and astrocytic cell survival in the same cortices. Third, we characterized these cortical LB injections' putative impact on the integrity of the nigrostriatal system. Overall, we observed pSyn accumulation around the injection site in the dorsal prefrontal cortex, in connected cortical regions, and further towards the striatum, suggesting α-syn pathological propagation. The pathology was also accompanied by neuronal loss in these prefrontal cortical regions and the caudate nucleus, without, however, loss of nigral dopamine neurons. In conclusion, this pilot study provides novel data demonstrating the toxicity of patient-derived extracts, their potential to propagate from the cortex to the striatum in non-human primates, and a possible primate model of DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Teil
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Dovero
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Gregory Porras
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur, Fundación HM Hospitales and CIBERNED and CEU-San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938, Mostoles, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celine Perier
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Estrada
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Unit, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Research on Aging (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Garcia-Carrillo
- Centro Experimental en Investigaciones Biomédica (CEIB), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Unit, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Research on Aging (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - José A Obeso
- HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur, Fundación HM Hospitales and CIBERNED and CEU-San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938, Mostoles, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- CEU, San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938 Mostoles, Spain 2 HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur and CIBERNED and CEU-San Pablo University Madrid, E-, 28938, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Peng Y, Ye JR, Wang SS, He WB, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Chu SF, Zhang Z, Chen NH. A small molecule 20C from Gastrodia elata inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and prevents progression of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:594. [PMID: 37673867 PMCID: PMC10482970 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically manifested by the aggregation of α-synuclein, which has been envisioned as a promising disease-modifying target for PD. Here, we identified 20C, a bibenzyl compound derived from Gastrodia elata, able to inhibit the aggregation of A53T variants of α-synuclein directly in vitro. Computational analysis revealed that 20C binds to cavities in mature α-synuclein fibrils, and it indeed displays a strong interaction with α-synuclein and reduced their β-sheet structure by microscale thermophoresis and circular dichroism, respectively. Moreover, incubating neural cells with 20C reduced the amounts of α-synuclein inclusions significantly. The treatment of A53T α-Syn transgenic mice with 20C significantly reduces the toxic α-synuclein levels, improves behavioral performance, rescues dopaminergic neuron, and enhances functional connections between SNc and PD associated brain areas. The transcriptome analysis of SNc demonstrated that 20C improves mitochondrial dynamics, which protects mitochondrial morphology and function against α-synuclein induced degeneration. Overall, 20C appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun-Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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15
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Zhang Q, Duan Q, Gao Y, He P, Huang R, Huang H, Li Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. Cerebral Microvascular Injury Induced by Lag3-Dependent α-Synuclein Fibril Endocytosis Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of α-Synucleinopathies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301903. [PMID: 37381656 PMCID: PMC10477873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and the transmission of misfolded α-Syn underlie α-synucleinopathies. Increased plasma α-Syn levels are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, but it is still unknown whether the cognitive deficits in α-synucleinopathies have a common vascular pathological origin. Here, it is reported that combined injection of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex results in impaired spatial learning and memory abilities at 6 months post-injection and that this cognitive decline is related to cerebral microvascular injury. Moreover, insoluble α-Syn inclusions are found to form in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) through lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3)-dependent α-Syn PFFs endocytosis, causing poly(ADP-ribose)-driven cell death and reducing the expression of tight junction proteins in BMVECs. Knockout of Lag3 in vitro prevents α-Syn PFFs from entering BMVECs, thereby reducing the abovementioned response induced by α-Syn PFFs. Deletion of endothelial cell-specific Lag3 in vivo reverses the negative effects of α-Syn PFFs on cerebral microvessels and cognitive function. In short, this study reveals the effectiveness of targeting Lag3 to block the spread of α-Syn fibrils to endothelial cells in order to improve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510100China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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16
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Ranieri CM, Moioli RC, Vargas PA, Romero RAF. A neurorobotics approach to behaviour selection based on human activity recognition. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1009-1028. [PMID: 37522044 PMCID: PMC10374508 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviour selection has been an active research topic for robotics, in particular in the field of human-robot interaction. For a robot to interact autonomously and effectively with humans, the coupling between techniques for human activity recognition and robot behaviour selection is of paramount importance. However, most approaches to date consist of deterministic associations between the recognised activities and the robot behaviours, neglecting the uncertainty inherent to sequential predictions in real-time applications. In this paper, we address this gap by presenting an initial neurorobotics model that embeds, in a simulated robot, computational models of parts of the mammalian brain that resembles neurophysiological aspects of the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex (BG-T-C) circuit, coupled with human activity recognition techniques. A robotics simulation environment was developed for assessing the model, where a mobile robot accomplished tasks by using behaviour selection in accordance with the activity being performed by the inhabitant of an intelligent home. Initial results revealed that the initial neurorobotics model is advantageous, especially considering the coupling between the most accurate activity recognition approaches and the computational models of more complex animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano M. Ranieri
- Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao Carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Renan C. Moioli
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Vargas
- Edinburgh Centre for Robotics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, UK
| | - Roseli A. F. Romero
- Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao Carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
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17
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Khan E, Hasan I, Haque ME. Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Different Animal Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109088. [PMID: 37240432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease modeling in non-human subjects is an essential part of any clinical research. To gain proper understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of any disease, experimental models are required to replicate the disease process. Due to the huge diversity in pathophysiology and prognosis in different diseases, animal modeling is customized and specific accordingly. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder coupled with varying forms of physical and mental disabilities. The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease are associated with the accumulation of misfolded protein called α-synuclein as Lewy body, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) area affecting the patient's motor activity. Extensive research has already been conducted regarding animal modeling of Parkinson's diseases. These include animal systems with induction of Parkinson's, either pharmacologically or via genetic manipulation. In this review, we will be summarizing and discussing some of the commonly employed Parkinson's disease animal model systems and their applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engila Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Nuber S, Selkoe DJ. The Parkinson-Associated Toxin Paraquat Shifts Physiological α-Synuclein Tetramers toward Monomers That Can Be Calpain-Truncated and Form Oligomers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:520-531. [PMID: 36773784 PMCID: PMC10155269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is thought to initiate neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson disease (PD). In addition to higher-molecular-weight, oligomeric, and polymeric forms of αS associated with neurotoxicity and disease, recent findings indicate the occurrence of physiological tetrameric assemblies in healthy neurons in culture and in brain. Herein, the PD-associated neurotoxin paraquat reduced physiological tetramers and led to calpain-truncated monomers and an approximately 70-kDa apparent oligomer different in size from physiological αS multimers. These truncated and oligomeric forms could also be generated by calpain cleavage of pure, recombinant human αS in vitro. Moreover, they were detected in the brains of tetramer-abrogating, E46K-amplified (3K) mice that model PD. These results indicate that paraquat triggers membrane damage and aberrant calpain activity that can induce a pathologic shift of tetramers toward an excess of full-length and truncated monomers, the accumulation of αS oligomers, and insoluble cytoplasmic αS puncta. The findings suggest that an environmental precipitant of PD can alter αS tetramer/monomer equilibrium, as already shown for several genetically caused forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Nim S, O'Hara DM, Corbi-Verge C, Perez-Riba A, Fujisawa K, Kapadia M, Chau H, Albanese F, Pawar G, De Snoo ML, Ngana SG, Kim J, El-Agnaf OMA, Rennella E, Kay LE, Kalia SK, Kalia LV, Kim PM. Disrupting the α-synuclein-ESCRT interaction with a peptide inhibitor mitigates neurodegeneration in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2150. [PMID: 37076542 PMCID: PMC10115881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of α-synuclein into toxic oligomers or fibrils is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Here we performed a high-throughput, proteome-wide peptide screen to identify protein-protein interaction inhibitors that reduce α-synuclein oligomer levels and their associated cytotoxicity. We find that the most potent peptide inhibitor disrupts the direct interaction between the C-terminal region of α-synuclein and CHarged Multivesicular body Protein 2B (CHMP2B), a component of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-III (ESCRT-III). We show that α-synuclein impedes endolysosomal activity via this interaction, thereby inhibiting its own degradation. Conversely, the peptide inhibitor restores endolysosomal function and thereby decreases α-synuclein levels in multiple models, including female and male human cells harboring disease-causing α-synuclein mutations. Furthermore, the peptide inhibitor protects dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein-mediated degeneration in hermaphroditic C. elegans and preclinical Parkinson's disease models using female rats. Thus, the α-synuclein-CHMP2B interaction is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satra Nim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darren M O'Hara
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carles Corbi-Verge
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Perez-Riba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kazuko Fujisawa
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minesh Kapadia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hien Chau
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Federica Albanese
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grishma Pawar
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell L De Snoo
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie G Ngana
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jisun Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Enrico Rennella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lewis E Kay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Philip M Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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21
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Rosado-Ramos R, Poças GM, Marques D, Foito A, M Sevillano D, Lopes-da-Silva M, Gonçalves LG, Menezes R, Ottens M, Stewart D, Ibáñez de Opakua A, Zweckstetter M, Seabra MC, Mendes CS, Outeiro TF, Domingos PM, Santos CN. Genipin prevents alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity by affecting endocytosis, metabolism and lipid storage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1918. [PMID: 37024503 PMCID: PMC10079842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide for which there are only symptomatic therapies. Small molecules able to target key pathological processes in PD have emerged as interesting options for modifying disease progression. We have previously shown that a (poly)phenol-enriched fraction (PEF) of Corema album L. leaf extract modulates central events in PD pathogenesis, namely α-synuclein (αSyn) toxicity, aggregation and clearance. PEF was now subjected to a bio-guided fractionation with the aim of identifying the critical bioactive compound. We identified genipin, an iridoid, which relieves αSyn toxicity and aggregation. Furthermore, genipin promotes metabolic alterations and modulates lipid storage and endocytosis. Importantly, genipin was able to prevent the motor deficits caused by the overexpression of αSyn in a Drosophila melanogaster model of PD. These findings widens the possibility for the exploitation of genipin for PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rosado-Ramos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo M Poças
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Foito
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, DD2 5DA, Dundee, Scotland
| | - David M Sevillano
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Mafalda Lopes-da-Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Regina Menezes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcel Ottens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, DD2 5DA, Dundee, Scotland
| | | | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César S Mendes
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia N Santos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal.
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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22
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Development of Small Molecules Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation: A Promising Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030839. [PMID: 36986700 PMCID: PMC10059018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the dopaminergic neurons. These deposits are primarily composed of aggregated forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Despite the extensive research on this disease, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. However, in recent years, several compounds, mainly of an aromatic character, targeting α-Syn self-assembly and amyloid formation have been identified. These compounds, discovered by different approaches, are chemically diverse and exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide a historical overview of the physiopathology and molecular aspects associated with Parkinson’s disease and the current trends in small compound development to target α-Syn aggregation. Although these molecules are still under development, they constitute an important step toward discovering effective anti-aggregational therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
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23
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I F. The unique neuropathological vulnerability of the human brain to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101916. [PMID: 36990284 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), limbic predominant TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE), and amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) are proteinopathies that, together with hippocampal sclerosis, progressively appear in the elderly affecting from 50% to 99% of individuals aged 80 years, depending on the disease. These disorders usually converge on the same subject and associate with additive cognitive impairment. Abnormal Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies progress following a pattern consistent with an active cell-to-cell transmission and abnormal protein processing in the host cell. However, cell vulnerability and transmission pathways are specific for each disorder, albeit abnormal proteins may co-localize in particular neurons. All these alterations are unique or highly prevalent in humans. They all affect, at first, the archicortex and paleocortex to extend at later stages to the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon. These observations show that the phylogenetically oldest areas of the human cerebral cortex and amygdala are not designed to cope with the lifespan of actual humans. New strategies aimed at reducing the functional overload of the human telencephalon, including optimization of dream repair mechanisms and implementation of artificial circuit devices to surrogate specific brain functions, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrer I
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Emeritus Researcher of the Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Network of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Protective mechanisms by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor against the α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:245-257. [PMID: 36794783 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies constitute a disease family named after alpha-synuclein protein, which is a significant component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies. Accompanying the progressive neurodegeneration, Lewy bodies and neurites are the main histopathologies of synucleinopathies. The complicated role of alpha-synuclein in the disease pathology makes it an attractive therapeutic target for disease-modifying treatments. GDNF is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopamine neurons, whereas CDNF is protective and neurorestorative with entirely different mechanisms of action. Both have been in the clinical trials for the most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease. With the AAV-GDNF clinical trials ongoing and the CDNF trial being finalized, their effects on abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation are of great interest. Previous animal studies with an alpha-synuclein overexpression model have shown that GDNF was ineffective against alpha-synuclein accumulation. However, a recent study with cell culture and animal models of alpha-synuclein fibril inoculation has demonstrated the opposite by revealing that the GDNF/RET signaling cascade is required for the protective effect of GDNF on alpha-synuclein aggregation. CDNF, an ER resident protein, was shown to bind alpha-synuclein directly. CDNF reduced the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by the neurons and alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by fibrils injected into the mouse brain. Thus, GDNF and CDNF can modulate different symptoms and pathologies of Parkinson's disease, and perhaps, similarly for other synucleinopathies. Their unique mechanisms for preventing alpha-synuclein-related pathology should be studied more carefully to develop disease-modifying therapies.
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25
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Kumari S, Taliyan R, Dubey SK. Comprehensive Review on Potential Signaling Pathways Involving the Transfer of α-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain That Leads to Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:590-602. [PMID: 36724408 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurological disease after Alzheimer's. Primarily, old age males are more affected than females. The aggregates of oligomeric forms of α-synuclein cause the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Further, it leads to dopamine shortage in the striatum region. According to recent preclinical studies, environmental factors like pesticides, food supplements, pathogens, etc. enter the body through the mouth or nose and ultimately reach the gut. Further, these factors get accumulated in enteric nervous system which leads to misfolding of α-synuclein gene, and aggregation of this gene results in Lewy pathology in the gut and reaches to the brain through the vagus nerve. This evidence showed a strong bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain, which leads to gastrointestinal problems in Parkinson patients. Moreover, several studies reveal that patients with Parkinson experience more gastrointestinal issues in the early stages of the disease, such as constipation, increased motility, gut inflammation, etc. This review article focuses on the transmission of α-synuclein and the mechanisms involved in the link between the gut and the brain in Parkinson's disease. Also, this review explores the various pathways involved in Parkinson and current therapeutic approaches for the improvement of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Kumari
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science─Pilani, Pilani, 333031 Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science─Pilani, Pilani, 333031 Rajasthan, India
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26
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The Role of α-Synuclein in the Regulation of Serotonin System: Physiological and Pathological Features. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020541. [PMID: 36831077 PMCID: PMC9953742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD), up to 50% of them experience cognitive changes, and psychiatric disturbances, such as anxiety and depression, often precede the onset of motor symptoms and have a negative impact on their quality of life. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of intracellular inclusions, called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, composed mostly of α-synuclein (α-Syn). Much of PD research has focused on the role of α-Syn aggregates in the degeneration of SNc DA neurons due to the impact of striatal DA deficits on classical motor phenotypes. However, abundant Lewy pathology is also found in other brain regions including the midbrain raphe nuclei, which may contribute to non-motor symptoms. Indeed, dysfunction of the serotonergic (5-HT) system, which regulates mood and emotional pathways, occurs during the premotor phase of PD. However, little is known about the functional consequences of α-Syn inclusions in this neuronal population other than DA neurons. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of α-Syn and its role in regulating the 5-HT function in health and disease. Understanding the relative contributions to α-Syn-linked alterations in the 5-HT system may provide a basis for identifying PD patients at risk for developing depression and could lead to a more targeted therapeutic approach.
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27
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Harati M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Javadi B. Dietary flavonoids: Promising compounds for targeting α-synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s disease. PHARMANUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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28
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Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhao C, Pang S, Lu J, Chan P. α-Synuclein aggregation causes muscle atrophy through neuromuscular junction degeneration. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:226-242. [PMID: 36416282 PMCID: PMC9891985 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), showing mitochondrial oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) to induce oxidative stress is a key pathogenic process of PD; nevertheless, we know little about its potential role in regulating peripheral nerves and the function of the muscles they innervate. METHODS To investigate the role of α-Syn aggregation on neuromuscular system, we used the Thy1 promoter to overexpress human α-Syn transgenic mice (mThy1-hSNCA). hα-Syn expression was evaluated by western blot, and its localization was determined by confocal microscopy. The impact of α-Syn aggregation on the structure and function of skeletal muscle mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), as well as muscle mass and function were characterized by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, Seahorse XF24 metabolic assay, and AAV9 in vivo injection. We assessed the regenerative effect of mitochondrial-targeted superoxide dismutase (Mito-TEMPO) after skeletal muscle injury in mThy1-hSNCA mice. RESULTS Overexpressed hα-Syn protein localized in motor neuron axons and NMJs in muscle and formed aggregates. α-Syn aggregation increased the number of abnormal mitochondrial in the intramuscular axons and NMJs by over 60% (P < 0.01), which inhibited the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from presynaptic vesicles in NMJs (P < 0.05). The expression of genes associated with NMJ activity, neurotransmission and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process were significantly decreased in mThy1-hSNCA mice, resulting in ROS production elevated by ~220% (P < 0.05), thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Such process altered mitochondrial spatial relationships to sarcomeric structures, decreased Z-line spacing by 36% (P < 0.05) and increased myofibre apoptosis by ~10% (P < 0.05). Overexpression of α-Syn altered the metabolic profile of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), including basal respiratory capacity (~170% reduction) and glycolytic capacity (~150% reduction) (P < 0.05) and decreased cell migration and fusion during muscle regeneration (~60% and ~40%, respectively) (P < 0.05). We demonstrated that Mito-TEMPO treatment could restore the oxidative stress status (the complex I/V protein and enzyme activities increased ~200% and ~150%, respectively), which caused by α-Syn aggregation, and improve the ability of muscle regeneration after injury. In addition, the NMJ receptor fragmentation and ACh secretion were also improved. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that the α-synuclein aggregation plays an important role in regulating acetylcholine release from neuromuscular junctions and induces intramuscular mitochondrial oxidative stress, which can provide new insights into the aetiology of muscle atrophy in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Pang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Wang Z, Yang D, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Niu M, Wang C, Luo H, Xu H, Li J, Zhang YW, Zhang X. Loss of RAB39B does not alter MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease-like phenotypes in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1087823. [PMID: 36761179 PMCID: PMC9905435 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1087823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder with undetermined etiology. A major pathological hallmark of PD is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Loss-of-function mutations in the RAB39B gene, which encodes a neuronal-specific small GTPase RAB39B, have been associated with X-linked intellectual disability and pathologically confirmed early-onset PD in multiple families. However, the role of RAB39B in PD pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we treated Rab39b knock-out (KO) mice with MPTP to explore whether RAB39B deficiency could alter MPTP-induced behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Surprisingly, we found that MPTP treatment impaired motor activity and led to loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons and gliosis in both WT and Rab39b KO mice. However, RAB39B deficiency did not alter MPTP-induced impairments. These results suggest that RAB39B deficiency does not contribute to PD-like phenotypes through compromising dopaminergic neurons in mice; and its role in PD requires further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dingting Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengxi Niu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Xian Zhang, ✉
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30
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Balzano T, Esteban-García N, Blesa J. Neuroinflammation, immune response and α-synuclein pathology: how animal models are helping us to connect dots. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:13-23. [PMID: 36538833 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key pathological event occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Other hallmarks of PD include neurodegeneration, glial activation, and immune cell infiltration in susceptible brain regions. Although preclinical models can mimic most of the key characteristics of PD, it is crucial to know the biological bases of individual differences between them when choosing one over another, to ensure proper interpretation of the results and to positively influence the outcome of the experiments. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current preclinical models actively used to study the interplay between α-syn pathology, neuroinflammation and immune response in PD but also to explore new potential preclinical models or emerging therapeutic strategies intended to fulfill the unmet medical needs in this disease. Lastly, this review also considers the current state of the ongoing clinical trials of new drugs designed to target these processes and delay the initiation or progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents have been demonstrated to be very promising candidates for reducing disease progression; however, more efforts are needed to reduce the enormous gap between these and dopaminergic drugs, which have dominated the therapeutic market for the last sixty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Balzano
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Esteban-García
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III; Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Choi J, Kii H, Nelson J, Yamazaki Y, Yanagawa F, Kitajima A, Uozumi T, Kiyota Y, Doshi D, Rhodes K, Scannevin R, Sadlish H, Chung CY. Automated algorithm development to assess survival of human neurons using longitudinal single-cell tracking: Application to synucleinopathy. SLAS Technol 2022; 28:63-69. [PMID: 36455858 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of phenotypic assays with appropriate analyses is an important step in the drug discovery process. Assays using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons are emerging as powerful tools for drug discovery in neurological disease. We have previously shown that longitudinal single cell tracking enabled the quantification of survival and death of neurons after overexpression of α-synuclein with a familial Parkinson's disease mutation (A53T). The reliance of this method on manual counting, however, rendered the process labor intensive, time consuming and error prone. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed automated detection algorithms for neurons using the BioStation CT live imaging system and CL-Quant software. In the current study, we use these algorithms to successfully measure the risk of neuronal death caused by overexpression of α-synuclein (A53T) with similar accuracy and improved consistency as compared to manual counting. This novel method also provides additional key readouts of neuronal fitness including total neurite length and the number of neurite nodes projecting from the cell body. Finally, the algorithm reveals the neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment in neurons overexpressing α-synuclein (A53T). These data show that an automated algorithm improves the consistency and considerably shortens the analysis time of assessing neuronal health, making this method advantageous for small molecule screening for inhibitors of synucleinopathy and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Choi
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | | | - Justin Nelson
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimple Doshi
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Rhodes
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | - Robert Scannevin
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | - Heather Sadlish
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest St, Boston, MA, 02135, United States of America
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32
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Salahi S, Mousavi MA, Azizi G, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M. Stem Cell-based and Advanced Therapeutic Modalities for Parkinson's Disease: A Risk-effectiveness Patient-centered Analysis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2320-2345. [PMID: 35105291 PMCID: PMC9890289 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. Despite remarkable progress in advanced conventional therapeutic interventions, the global burden of the disease has nearly doubled, prompting us to assess the riskeffectiveness of different treatment modalities. Each protocol could be considered as the best alternative treatment depending on the patient's situation. Prescription of levodopa, the most effective available medicine for this disorder, has been associated with many complications, i.e., multiple episodes of "off-time" and treatment resistance. Other medications, which are typically used in combination with levodopa, may have several adverse effects as well. As a result, the therapies that are more in line with human physiology and make the least interference with other pathways are worth investigating. On the other hand, remaining and persistent symptoms after therapy and the lack of effective response to the conventional approaches have raised expectations towards innovative alternative approaches, such as stem cell-based therapy. It is critical to not overlook the unexplored side effects of innovative approaches due to the limited number of research. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and risk of advanced therapies with innovative cell-based and stemcell- based modalities in PD patients. This paper recapitulated the underlying factors/conditions, which could lead us to more practical and established therapeutic outcomes with more advantages and few complications. It could be an initial step to reconsider the therapeutic blueprint for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Salahi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Su Q, Ng WL, Goh SY, Gulam MY, Wang LF, Tan EK, Ahn M, Chao YX. Targeting the inflammasome in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:957705. [PMID: 36313019 PMCID: PMC9596750 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.957705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in which neuroinflammation plays pivotal roles. An important mechanism of neuroinflammation is the NLRP3 inflammasome activation that has been implicated in PD pathogenesis. In this perspective, we will discuss the relationship of some key PD-associated proteins including α-synuclein and Parkin and their contribution to inflammasome activation. We will also review promising inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway that have potential as novel PD therapeutics. Finally, we will provide a summary of current and potential in vitro and in vivo models that are available for therapeutic discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Lun Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suh Yee Goh
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Yaaseen Gulam
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matae Ahn
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin-Xia Chao
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Imbriani P, Martella G, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105851. [PMID: 36007757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are widely accepted as crucial neuropathogenic mechanisms, as also evidenced by the identification of PD-associated genes that are directly involved in mitochondrial function. The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to that of synaptic dysfunction. Indeed, compelling evidence supports the role of mitochondria in synaptic transmission and plasticity, although many aspects have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the most relevant evidence obtained in different neurotoxin-based and genetic rodent models of PD, focusing on mitochondrial impairment and synaptopathy, an early central event preceding overt nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. The identification of early deficits occurring in PD pathogenesis is crucial in view of the development of potential disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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35
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D'Amico D, Olmer M, Fouassier AM, Valdés P, Andreux PA, Rinsch C, Lotz M. Urolithin A improves mitochondrial health, reduces cartilage degeneration, and alleviates pain in osteoarthritis. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13662. [PMID: 35778837 PMCID: PMC9381911 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age‐related joint disorder with no effective therapy. According to the World Health Organization, OA affects over 500 million people and is characterized by degradation of cartilage and other joint tissues, severe pain, and impaired mobility. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to OA pathology. However, interventions to rescue mitochondrial defects in human OA are not available. Urolithin A (Mitopure) is a natural postbiotic compound that promotes mitophagy and mitochondrial function and beneficially impacts muscle health in preclinical models of aging and in elderly and middle‐aged humans. Here, we showed that Urolithin A improved mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration in primary chondrocytes from joints of both healthy donors and OA patients. Furthermore, Urolithin A reduced disease progression in a mouse model of OA, decreasing cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and pain. These improvements were associated with increased mitophagy and mitochondrial content, in joints of OA mice. These findings indicate that UA promotes joint mitochondrial health, alleviates OA pathology, and supports Urolithin A's potential to improve mobility with beneficial effects on structural damage in joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D'Amico
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Pamela Valdés
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris Rinsch
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
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36
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Creed RB, Memon AA, Komaragiri SP, Barodia SK, Goldberg MS. Analysis of hemisphere-dependent effects of unilateral intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils on mitochondrial protein levels, dynamics, and function. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35606853 PMCID: PMC9125944 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and neuropathological evidence strongly implicates aberrant forms of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration. Antibodies specific for α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129) are selective for the pathological protein aggregates that are characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Although the etiology of most synucleinopathies remains uncertain, a large body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction. The recent development of animal models based on intracranial injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) has provided a valuable experimental system in which to study the spread and neurotoxicity of α-synuclein aggregates, yet the effects of PFF-induced protein aggregates on mitochondrial function and dynamics have not been rigorously examined in vivo. To help fill this knowledge gap, we injected the striatum of mice unilaterally with well-characterized small length (< 30 nm) PFFs or monomeric α-synuclein control and measured the distribution and extent of pS129 α-synuclein-immunoreactive aggregates, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, the abundance of mitochondrial proteins, and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain components at 3 months and 6 months post injection. Intrastriatal injection of small length PFFs, but not monomeric α-synuclein control, induced robust pS129 α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in the cortex, ventral midbrain, and striatum, as well as in rarely reported brain regions, such as the hippocampus, as early as 3 months post injection. Significant loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the PFF-injected hemisphere at 3 months and 6 months post injection. The unilateral striatal injection of small length PFFs also caused hemisphere-dependent and treatment-dependent changes in the cortical levels of mitochondrial proteins such as VDAC1, COX-IV, and DRP-1, as well as functional changes in mitochondrial complex I activity in the contralateral striatum. Together, these data demonstrate that intrastriatal injection of mice with small length PFFs induces extensive bilateral protein aggregates, significant unilateral nigral cell loss, and altered contralateral levels of mitochondrial proteins and respiratory chain activity. Our data suggest this animal model may be useful for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in α-synucleinopathies, for studying the hemisphere-dependent effects of α-synuclein aggregates, and for testing neuroprotective therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose B Creed
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adeel A Memon
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Neuroengineering Ph.D. Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sindhu P Komaragiri
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sandeep K Barodia
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Chavarría C, Ivagnes R, Souza JM. Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein: Mechanisms for Glial Cell Internalization and Activation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050655. [PMID: 35625583 PMCID: PMC9138387 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a small protein composed of 140 amino acids and belongs to the group of intrinsically disordered proteins. It is a soluble protein that is highly expressed in neurons and expressed at low levels in glial cells. The monomeric protein aggregation process induces the formation of oligomeric intermediates and proceeds towards fibrillar species. These α-syn conformational species have been detected in the extracellular space and mediate consequences on surrounding neurons and glial cells. In particular, higher-ordered α-syn aggregates are involved in microglial and oligodendrocyte activation, as well as in the induction of astrogliosis. These phenomena lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation, and the induction of an inflammatory response, associated with neuronal cell death. Several receptors participate in cell activation and/or in the uptake of α-syn, which can vary depending on the α-syn aggregated state and cell types. The receptors involved in this process are of outstanding relevance because they may constitute potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD and related synucleinopathies. This review article focuses on the mechanism associated with extracellular α-syn uptake in glial cells and the consequent glial cell activation that contributes to the neuronal death associated with synucleinopathies.
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Sustained chemogenetic activation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in synucleinopathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263074. [PMID: 35316276 PMCID: PMC8939823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the midbrain plays a pivotal role in motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. However, non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and post-mortem histopathology confirm dysfunction in other brain areas, including the locus coeruleus and its associated neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Here, we investigate the role of central norepinephrine-producing neurons in Parkinson's disease by chronically stimulating catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus using chemogenetic manipulation. We show that norepinephrine neurons send complex axonal projections to the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, confirming physical communication between these regions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increased activity of norepinephrine neurons is protective against dopaminergic neuronal depletion in human α-syn A53T missense mutation over-expressing mice and prevents motor dysfunction in these mice. Remarkably, elevated norepinephrine neurons action fails to alleviate α-synuclein aggregation and microgliosis in the substantia nigra suggesting the presence of an alternate neuroprotective mechanism. The beneficial effects of high norepinephrine neuron activity might be attributed to the action of norepinephrine on dopaminergic neurons, as recombinant norepinephrine treatment increased primary dopaminergic neuron cultures survival and neurite sprouting. Collectively, our results suggest a neuroprotective mechanism where noradrenergic neurons activity preserves the integrity of dopaminergic neurons, which prevents synucleinopathy-dependent loss of these cells.
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40
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Kim GHJ, Mo H, Liu H, Okorie M, Chen S, Zheng J, Li H, Arkin M, Huang B, Guo S. In Vivo Dopamine Neuron Imaging-Based Small Molecule Screen Identifies Novel Neuroprotective Compounds and Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837756. [PMID: 35370735 PMCID: PMC8971663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with prominent dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration. PD affects millions of people worldwide, but currently available therapies are limited to temporary relief of symptoms. As an effort to discover disease-modifying therapeutics, we have conducted a screen of 1,403 bioactive small molecule compounds using an in vivo whole organism screening assay in transgenic larval zebrafish. The transgenic model expresses the bacterial enzyme nitroreductase (NTR) driven by the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) promotor. NTR converts the commonly used antibiotic pro-drug metronidazole (MTZ) to the toxic nitroso radical form to induce DA neuronal loss. 57 compounds were identified with a brain health score (BHS) that was significantly improved compared to the MTZ treatment alone after FDR adjustment (padj<0.05). Independently, we curated the high throughput screening (HTS) data by annotating each compound with pharmaceutical classification, known mechanism of action, indication, IC50, and target. Using the Reactome database, we performed pathway analysis, which uncovered previously unknown pathways in addition to validating previously known pathways associated with PD. Non-topology-based pathway analysis of the screening data further identified apoptosis, estrogen hormone, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4, and opioid receptor Mu1 to be potentially significant pathways and targets involved in neuroprotection. A total of 12 compounds were examined with a secondary assay that imaged DA neurons before and after compound treatment. The z’-factor of this secondary assay was determined to be 0.58, suggesting it is an excellent assay for screening. Etodolac, nepafenac, aloperine, protionamide, and olmesartan showed significant neuroprotection and was also validated by blinded manual DA neuronal counting. To determine whether these compounds are broadly relevant for neuroprotection, we tested them on a conduritol-b-epoxide (CBE)-induced Gaucher disease (GD) model, in which the activity of glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a commonly known genetic risk factor for PD, was inhibited. Aloperine, olmesartan, and nepafenac showed significant protection of DA neurons in this assay. Together, this work, which combines high content whole organism in vivo imaging-based screen and bioinformatic pathway analysis of the screening dataset, delineates a previously uncharted approach for identifying hit-to-lead candidates and for implicating previously unknown pathways and targets involved in DA neuron protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-hyun J. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gha-hyun J. Kim, ; Su Guo,
| | - Han Mo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Harrison Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Graduate Program of Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Meri Okorie
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jiashun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Arkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Graduate Program of Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gha-hyun J. Kim, ; Su Guo,
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Leukotriene Signaling as a Target in α-Synucleinopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030346. [PMID: 35327537 PMCID: PMC8944962 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are two common types of α-synucleinopathies and represent a high unmet medical need. Despite diverging clinical manifestations, both neurodegenerative diseases share several facets of their complex pathophysiology. Apart from α-synuclein aggregation, an impairment of mitochondrial functions, defective protein clearance systems and excessive inflammatory responses are consistently observed in the brains of PD as well as DLB patients. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators of inflammatory signaling traditionally known for their role in asthma. However, recent research advances highlight a possible contribution of leukotrienes, along with their rate-limiting synthesis enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, in the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders. This review provides an overview of in vitro as well as in vivo studies, in summary suggesting that dysregulated leukotriene signaling is involved in the pathological processes underlying PD and DLB. In addition, we discuss how the leukotriene signaling pathway could serve as a future drug target for the therapy of PD and DLB.
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Peng Y, Schöneberg N, Esposito MS, Geiger JRP, Sharott A, Tovote P. Current approaches to characterize micro- and macroscale circuit mechanisms of Parkinson's disease in rodent models. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114008. [PMID: 35149118 PMCID: PMC7612860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating technological progress in experimental neuroscience is increasing the scale as well as specificity of both observational and perturbational approaches to study circuit physiology. While these techniques have also been used to study disease mechanisms, a wider adoption of these approaches in the field of experimental neurology would greatly facilitate our understanding of neurological dysfunctions and their potential treatments at cellular and circuit level. In this review, we will introduce classic and novel methods ranging from single-cell electrophysiological recordings to state-of-the-art calcium imaging and cell-type specific optogenetic or chemogenetic stimulation. We will focus on their application in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease while also presenting their use in the context of motor control and basal ganglia function. By highlighting the scope and limitations of each method, we will discuss how they can be used to study pathophysiological mechanisms at local and global circuit levels and how novel frameworks can help to bridge these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Peng
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nina Schöneberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Esposito
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Tovote
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; Center for Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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43
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Van Den Berge N, Ulusoy A. Animal models of brain-first and body-first Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Kang S, Piao Y, Kang YC, Lim S, Pak YK. DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112389. [PMID: 34775235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with damages to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by neuroinflammation. We previously reported that a triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental PD toxin-models had neuroprotective effects by alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated whether DA-9805 could suppress ER stress and neuroinflammation in vitro and/or in vivo. Pre-treatment with DA-9805 (1 μg/ml) attenuated upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µg/ml) or tunicamycin (2 µg/ml). In addition, DA-9805 prevented the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide through inhibition of NF-κB activation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) into mice can induce acute neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Oral administration of DA-9805 (10 or 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days before LPS injection) prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra in LPS-injected mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that DA-9805 can effectively prevent ER stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that DA-9805 is a multitargeting and disease-modifying therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeol Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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45
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Ji W, Li Y, Peng H, Zhao R, Shen J, Wu Y, Wang J, Hao Q, Lu Z, Yang J, Zhang X. Self-Catalytic Small Interfering RNA Nanocarriers for Synergistic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105711. [PMID: 34601753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has shown great potential for neurodegenerative diseases with complex pathology. However, its therapeutic effect is limited due to the delivery barriers and its own single function. Herein, self-catalytic small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanocarriers (S/Ce-PABMS) are developed to catalyze delivery process and treatment process for synergistic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, the rough surface of the S/Ce-PABMS mediated by ceria (CeO2 ) nanozymes can catalyze cellular uptake in the delivery process, so that S/Ce-PABMS with acetylcholine analogs penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter neurons more effectively. On the other hand, the CeO2 nanozymes can catalyze the treatment process by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species, and cooperate with siRNA-targeting SNCA to decrease the α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and alleviate the Parkinsonian pathology. Moreover, the S/Ce-PABMS treatment reduces the number of activated microglia and regulates the release of inflammatory cytokine, thereby relieving neuroinflammation. After treatment with S/Ce-PABMS, dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice is significantly alleviated. The finding shows that the self-catalytic nanocarriers, S/Ce-PABMS, have great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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46
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Okuda S, Uemura N, Sawamura M, Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Rapid Induction of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss Accompanied by Lewy Body-Like Inclusions in A53T BAC-SNCA Transgenic Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:289-304. [PMID: 34935120 PMCID: PMC9130450 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions. It is highly needed to establish a rodent model that recapitulates the clinicopathological features of PD within a short period to efficiently investigate the pathological mechanisms and test disease-modifying therapies. To this end, we analyzed three mouse lines, i.e., wild-type mice, wild-type human α-syn bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic (BAC-SNCA Tg) mice, and A53T human α-syn BAC transgenic (A53T BAC-SNCA Tg) mice, receiving dorsal striatum injections of human and mouse α-syn preformed fibrils (hPFFs and mPFFs, respectively). mPFF injections induced more severe α-syn pathology in most brain regions, including the ipsilateral SNpc, than hPFF injections in all genotypes at 1-month post-injection. Although these Tg mouse lines expressed a comparable amount of α-syn in the brains, the mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice exhibited the most severe α-syn pathology as early as 0.5-month post-injection. The mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice showed a 38% reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the ipsilateral SNpc, apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, and motor dysfunction at 2 months post-injection. These data indicate that the extent of α-syn pathology induced by α-syn PFF injection depends on the types of α-syn PFFs and exogenously expressed α-syn in Tg mice. The mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice recapitulate the key features of PD more rapidly than previously reported mouse models, suggesting their usefulness for testing disease-modifying therapies as well as analyzing the pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA.
| | - Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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47
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Brain regions susceptible to alpha-synuclein spreading. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:758-770. [PMID: 34561613 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein has been observed in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies that mimic human PD pathologies. In animal models, the spreading of α-syn has been associated with motor dysfunction and neuronal death. However, variability in both susceptible brain regions and cellular populations limits our understanding of the consequences of α-syn spreading and the development of associated therapies. Here, we have reviewed the physiological and pathological functions of α-syn and summarized the susceptible brain regions and cell types identified from human postmortem studies and exogenous α-syn injection-based animal models. We have reviewed the methods for inducing α-syn aggregation, the specific hosts, the inoculation sites, the routes of propagation, and other experimental settings that may affect the spreading pattern of α-syn, as reported in current studies. Understanding the spread of α-syn to produce a consistent PD animal model is vital for future drug discovery.
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48
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Zhang J, Liu H, Jiang H. Commentary: Dopamine-Dependent Early Synaptic and Motor Dysfunctions Induced by α-Synuclein in the Nigrostriatal Circuit. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:790224. [PMID: 34912210 PMCID: PMC8666527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.790224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Bian J, Liu YQ, He J, Lin X, Qiu CY, Yu WB, Shen Y, Zhu ZY, Ye DY, Wang J, Chu Y. Discovery of styrylaniline derivatives as novel alpha-synuclein aggregates ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113887. [PMID: 34624824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Early diagnosis is the key to treatment but is still a great challenge in the clinic now. The discovery of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates ligands has become an attractive strategy to meet the early diagnosis of PD. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of styrylaniline derivatives as novel α-syn aggregates ligands. Several compounds displayed good potency to α-syn aggregates with Kd values less than 0.1 μM. The docking study revealed that the hydrogen bonds and cation-pi interaction between ligands and α-syn aggregates would be crucial for the activity. The representative compound 7-16 not only detected α-syn aggregates in both SH-SY5Y cells and brain tissues prepared from two kinds of α-syn preformed-fibrils-injected mice models but also showed good blood-brain barrier penetration characteristics in vivo with a brain/plasma ratio over 1.0, which demonstrates its potential as a lead compound for further development of in vivo imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen-Yang Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ze-Yun Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - De-Yong Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yong Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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50
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Upcott M, Chaprov KD, Buchman VL. Toward a Disease-Modifying Therapy of Alpha-Synucleinopathies: New Molecules and New Approaches Came into the Limelight. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237351. [PMID: 34885933 PMCID: PMC8658846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of the various products of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative conditions, including both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). It is now well established that the aggregation and spread of alpha-synuclein aggregation pathology activate numerous pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration and, ultimately, to disease progression. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective disease-modifying therapy that limits or prevents the accumulation of the toxic intermediate products of alpha-synuclein aggregation and the spread of alpha-synuclein aggregation pathology could provide significant positive clinical outcomes in PD/DLB cohorts. It has been suggested that this goal can be achieved by reducing the intracellular and/or extracellular levels of monomeric and already aggregated alpha-synuclein. The principal aim of this review is to critically evaluate the potential of therapeutic strategies that target the post-transcriptional steps of alpha-synuclein production and immunotherapy-based approaches to alpha-synuclein degradation in PD/DLB patients. Strategies aimed at the downregulation of alpha-synuclein production are at an early preclinical stage of drug development and, although they have shown promise in animal models of alpha-synuclein aggregation, many limitations need to be resolved before in-human clinical trials can be seriously considered. In contrast, many strategies aimed at the degradation of alpha-synuclein using immunotherapeutic approaches are at a more advanced stage of development, with some in-human Phase II clinical trials currently in progress. Translational barriers for both strategies include the limitations of alpha-synuclein aggregation models, poor understanding of the therapeutic window for the alpha-synuclein knockdown, and variability in alpha-synuclein pathology across patient cohorts. Overcoming such barriers should be the main focus of further studies. However, it is already clear that these strategies do have the potential to achieve a disease-modifying effect in PD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Upcott
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Kirill D. Chaprov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovk, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
- Belgorod State National Research University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovk, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
- Belgorod State National Research University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Correspondence:
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