1
|
Liao Y, Li Y, Wang LI, Zhang YE, Sang L, Wang Q, Li P, Xiong K, Qiu M, Zhang J. The injury progression in acute blast-induced mTBI in rats reflected by DTI and immunohistochemical examination. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38877821 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool for detecting blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (bmTBI). However, lack of refined acute-phase monitoring and reliable imaging biomarkers hindered its clinical application in early diagnosis of bmTBI, leading to potential long-term disability of patients. Here, we used DTI in a rat model of bmTBI generated by exposing to single lateral blast waves (151.16 and 349.75 kPa, lasting 47.48 ms) released in a confined bioshock tube (BST-I) to investigate whole-brain DTI changes in the acute-phase of bmTBI at 1, 3, 7 days after injury. Combined assessment of immunohistochemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and behavioral readouts allowed for linking DTI changes to synchronous cellular damages and identifying stable imaging biomarkers. The corpus callosum (CC) and brainstem were identified as predominantly affected regions, in which reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected as early as the first day after injury, with a maximum decline occurring at 3 days after injury before returning to near normal levels by 7 days. Axial diffusivity (AD) values within the CC and brainstem also significantly reduced at 3 days after injury. In contrast, the radial diffusivity (RD) in the CC showed acute elevation, peaking at 3 days after injury before normalizing by the 7-day time point. Damages to nerve fibers, including demyelination and axonal degeneration, progressed in lines with changes in DTI parameters, supporting a real-time macroscopic reflection of microscopic neuronal fiber injury by DTI. The most sensitive biomarker was identified as a decrease in FA, AD and an increase in RD within the CC on the third day after injury, supporting the diagnostic utility of DTI in cases of bmTBI in the acute phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Liao
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Yang Li
- Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Department of Medical Imaging, Chengdu, China;
| | - L I Wang
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Y E Zhang
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Linqiong Sang
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Pengyue Li
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Kunlin Xiong
- Army Medical University Daping Hospital, Department of Radiology, Chongqing, China;
| | - Mingguo Qiu
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| | - Jingna Zhang
- Army Medical University, Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lechner SA, Barnett DGS, Gammie SC, Kelm-Nelson CA. Prodromal Parkinson disease signs are predicted by a whole-blood inflammatory transcriptional signature in young Pink1 -/- rats. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:11. [PMID: 38438964 PMCID: PMC10910737 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease. The molecular pathology of PD in the prodromal phase is poorly understood; as such, there are no specific prognostic or diagnostic tests. A validated Pink1 genetic knockout rat was used to model early-onset and progressive PD. Male Pink1-/- rats exhibit progressive declines in ultrasonic vocalizations as well as hindlimb and forelimb motor deficits by mid-to-late adulthood. Previous RNA-sequencing work identified upregulation of genes involved in disease pathways and inflammation within the brainstem and vocal fold muscle. The purpose of this study was to identify gene pathways within the whole blood of young Pink1-/- rats (3 months of age) and to link gene expression to early acoustical changes. To accomplish this, limb motor testing (open field and cylinder tests) and ultrasonic vocalization data were collected, immediately followed by the collection of whole blood and RNA extraction. Illumina® Total RNA-Seq TruSeq platform was used to profile differential expression of genes. Statistically significant genes were identified and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was used to construct co-expression networks and modules from the whole blood gene expression dataset as well as the open field, cylinder, and USV acoustical dataset. ENRICHR was used to identify the top up-regulated biological pathways. RESULTS The data suggest that inflammation and interferon signaling upregulation in the whole blood is present during early PD. We also identified genes involved in the dysregulation of ribosomal protein and RNA processing gene expression as well as prion protein gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These data identified several potential blood biomarkers and pathways that may be linked to anxiety and vocalization acoustic parameters and are key candidates for future drug-repurposing work and comparison to human datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David G S Barnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Stephen C Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Preface. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:xvii-xxiv. [PMID: 38556455 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Animal models of disease: Achievements and challenges. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 188:xv-xxi. [PMID: 38880531 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pogorelov VM, Martini ML, Jin J, Wetsel WC, Caron MG. Dopamine-Depleted Dopamine Transporter Knockout (DDD) Mice: Dyskinesia with L-DOPA and Dopamine D1 Agonists. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1658. [PMID: 38002340 PMCID: PMC10669682 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, over time this drug can produce dyskinesia. A useful acute PD model for screening novel compounds for anti-parkinsonian and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are dopamine-depleted dopamine-transporter KO (DDD) mice. Treatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine rapidly depletes their brain stores of DA and renders them akinetic. During sensitization in the open field (OF), their locomotion declines as vertical activities increase and upon encountering a wall they stand on one leg or tail and engage in climbing behavior termed "three-paw dyskinesia". We have hypothesized that L-DOPA induces a stereotypic activation of locomotion in DDD mice, where they are unable to alter the course of their locomotion, and upon encountering walls engage in "three-paw dyskinesia" as reflected in vertical counts or beam-breaks. The purpose of our studies was to identify a valid index of LID in DDD mice that met three criteria: (a) sensitization with repeated L-DOPA administration, (b) insensitivity to a change in the test context, and (c) stimulatory or inhibitory responses to dopamine D1 receptor agonists (5 mg/kg SKF81297; 5 and 10 mg/kg MLM55-38, a novel compound) and amantadine (45 mg/kg), respectively. Responses were compared between the OF and a circular maze (CM) that did not hinder locomotion. We found vertical counts and climbing were specific for testing in the OF, while oral stereotypies were sensitized to L-DOPA in both the OF and CM and responded to D1R agonists and amantadine. Hence, in DDD mice oral stereotypies should be used as an index of LID in screening compounds for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M. Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael L. Martini
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.L.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.L.M.); (J.J.)
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Petković A, Chaudhury D. Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:931964. [PMID: 36004305 PMCID: PMC9395206 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.931964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies over the past two decades have led to extensive advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of depressive and mood disorders. Among these, rodent behavioural models proved to be of highest informative value. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the most popular behavioural models with respect to physiological, circuit, and molecular biological correlates. Behavioural stress paradigms and behavioural tests are assessed in terms of outcomes, strengths, weaknesses, and translational value, especially in the domain of pharmacological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Laboratory of Neural Systems and Behaviour, Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A hacked kitchen scale-based system for quantification of grip strength in rodents. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Ashkan K, Velicu MA, Furlanetti L. Deep brain stimulation-induced neuroprotection: A critical appraisal. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:114-122. [PMID: 35189499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a widely used therapeutic alternative for a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The extensive experience in the field of movement disorders has provided valuable knowledge and has led the path to its application to other hard-to-treat conditions. Despite the recognised symptomatic beneficial effects, its capacity to modify the course of a disease has been in constant debate. The ability to demonstrate neuroprotection relies on a thorough understanding of the functioning of both normal and pathological neural structures, as well as their stimulation induced alterations, all of which to this date remain incomplete. Consequently, there is no consensus over the definition of neuroprotection nor its means of quantification or evaluation. Additionally, neuroprotection has been indirectly addressed in most of the literature, challenging the efforts to narrow its interpretation. As such, a broad spectrum of evidence has been considered to demonstrate disease modifying interventions. This paper aims to provide a critical appraisal of the current evidence on potential neuroprotective effects of DBS in neurodegenerative brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, UK; King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, London, UK
| | - Maria Alexandra Velicu
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, London, UK
| | - Luciano Furlanetti
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, UK; King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samejima S, Ievins AM, Boissenin A, Tolley NM, Khorasani A, Mondello SE, Moritz CT. Automated lever task with minimum antigravity movement for rats with cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109433. [PMID: 34863839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is currently no cure for paralysis due to spinal cord injury (SCI), the highest treatment priority is restoring arm and hand function for people with cervical SCI. Preclinical animal models provide an opportunity to test innovative treatments, but severe cervical injury models require significant time and effort to assess responses to novel interventions. Moreover, there is no behavioral task that can assess forelimb movement in rats with severe cervical SCI unable to perform antigravity movements. NEW METHOD We developed a novel lever pressing task for rats with severe cervical SCI. We employed an automated adaptive algorithm to train animals using open-source software and commercially available hardware. We found that using the adaptive training required only 13.3 ± 2.5 training days to achieve behavioral proficiency. The lever press task could quantify immediate and long-term improvements in severely impaired forelimb function effectively. This behavior platform has potential to facilitate rehabilitative training and assess effects of therapeutic modalities following SCI. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS There is no existing assessment aiming to quantify forelimb extension movement in rodents without function against gravity. We found that the new lever press task in the antigravity position could assess the severity of cervical SCI as well as the compensatory movement in the proximal forelimb less affected by the injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the new behavioral task is capable of tracking the functional changes with various therapies in rats with severe forelimb impairments in a cost- and time-efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Samejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; UW Institute for Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aiva M Ievins
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adrien Boissenin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Tolley
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Abed Khorasani
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sarah E Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chet T Moritz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; UW Institute for Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pathania A, Garg P, Sandhir R. Impaired mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease: comparison of mice strains and dose regimens. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2343-2357. [PMID: 34648126 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenous diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) needs an efficient animal model to enhance understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to develop therapeutics. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin, has been widely used to replicate the pathophysiology of PD in rodents, however, the knowledge about its effects on energy metabolism is limited. Moreover, susceptibility to different dose regimens of MPTP also varies among mice strains. Thus, the present study compares the effect of acute and sub-acute MPTP administration on mitochondrial functions in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In addition, activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism was also studied along with behavioural alterations. The findings show that acute dose of MPTP in C57BL/6 mice had more profound effect on the activity of electron transport chain complexes. Further, the activity of MAO-B was increased following acute and sub-acute MPTP administration in C57BL/6 mice. However, no significant change was observed in BALB/c mice. Acute MPTP treatment resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential along with increased swelling of mitochondria in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, perturbations were observed in hexokinase, the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase, the enzymes that connects glycolysis and TCA cycle. The activity of TCA cycle enzymes; citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and fumarase were also altered following MPTP intoxication. Furthermore, acute MPTP administration led to drastic reduction in dopamine levels in striatum of C57BL/6 as compared to BALB/c mice. Behavioral tests such as open field, narrow beam walk and footprint analysis revealed severe impairment in locomotor activity in C57BL/6 mice. These results clearly demonstrate that C57BL/6 strain is more vulnerable to MPTP-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, perturbations in energy metabolism and motor defects as compared to BALB/c strain. Thus, the findings suggest that the dose and strain of mice need to be considered for pre-clinical studies using MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubrana LE, Knoll-Gellida A, Bourcier LM, Mercé T, Pedemay S, Nachon F, Calas AG, Baati R, Soares M, Babin PJ. An Antidote Screening System for Organophosphorus Poisoning Using Zebrafish Larvae. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2865-2877. [PMID: 34284583 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitors, which include insecticides and chemical warfare nerve agents, are very potent neurotoxicants. Given that the actual treatment has several limitations, the present study provides a general method, called the zebrafish-OP-antidote test (ZOAT), and basic scientific data, to identify new antidotes that are more effective than the reference pyridinium oximes after acute OP poisoning. The reactivation capacity of a chemical compound can be measured using in vivo and ex vivo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. We demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate between chemical compound protective efficacies in the central and peripheral nervous system via the visual motor response and electric field pulse motor response tests, respectively. Moreover, the ability to cross the brain-blood barrier can be estimated in a physiological context by combining an AChE assay on the head and trunk-tail fractions and the cellular and tissue localization of AChE activity in the whole-mount animal. ZOAT is an innovative method suitable for the screening and rapid identification of chemicals and mixtures used as antidote for OP poisoning. The method will make it easier to identify more effective medical countermeasures for chemical threat agents, including combinatorial therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Dubrana
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Anja Knoll-Gellida
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Laure M. Bourcier
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Théo Mercé
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Sandra Pedemay
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armés, Brétigny sur Orge, F-91220, France
| | - André-Guilhem Calas
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armés, Brétigny sur Orge, F-91220, France
| | - Rachid Baati
- ECPM UMR CNRS 7515, ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie, l’Environnement et la Santé, Strasbourg, F-67087, France
| | - Magalie Soares
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Patrick J. Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kletzien H, Kelm-Nelson CA, Wang S, Suzuki M, Connor NP. Myogenic marker expression as a function of age and exercise-based therapy in the tongue. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111104. [PMID: 33017670 PMCID: PMC7748063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of tongue muscles with aging may contribute to swallowing deficits observed in elderly people. However, the capacity for tongue muscle stem cells (SCs) to regenerate and repair the aged tongue and improve tongue strength following tongue exercise (a current clinical treatment) has never been examined. We found that the expression of regenerative, myogenic markers were impaired with age and may be related to increased expression of senescent marker p16INK4a. Tongue strength increased in young adult and old rats following exercise and was related to the expression of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and p16INK4a. Our study also suggests that strengthening of tongue muscles via clinical rehabilitation strategies also increased the expression of SC regenerative markers in the tongue throughout the exercise duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kletzien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, United States of America.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Outeiro TF, Heutink P, Bezard E, Cenci AM. From iPS Cells to Rodents and Nonhuman Primates: Filling Gaps in Modeling Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:832-841. [PMID: 33200446 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily known as a movement disorder because of typical clinical manifestations associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, it is now widely recognized that PD is a much more complex condition, with multiple and severe nonmotor features implicating additional brain areas and organs in the disease process. Pathologically, typical forms of PD are characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein-rich protein inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although other types of protein inclusions are also often present in the brain. Familial forms of PD have provided a wealth of information about molecular pathways leading to neurodegeneration, but only to add to the complexity of the problem and uncover new knowledge gaps. Therefore, modeling PD in the laboratory has become increasingly challenging. Here, we discuss knowledge gaps and challenges in the use of laboratory models for the study of a disease that is clinically heterogeneous and multifactorial. We propose that the combined use of patient-derived cells and animal models, along with current technological tools, will not only expand our molecular and pathophysiological understanding of PD, but also assist in the identification of therapeutic strategies targeting relevant pathogenic pathways. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Angela M Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brown AR, Coughlin GM, Teskey GC. Seizures Alter Cortical Representations for Complex Movements. Neuroscience 2020; 449:134-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
15
|
Cognitive flexibility deficits in rats with dorsomedial striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions tested using a three-choice serial reaction time task with reversal learning. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1055-1064. [PMID: 32881776 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of the dorsomedial striatum elicit deficits in cognitive flexibility that are an early feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and presumably reflect alterations in frontostriatal processing. The current study aimed to examine deficits in cognitive flexibility in rats with bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the dorsomedial striatum. While deficits in cognitive flexibility have previously been examined in rodent PD models using the cross-maze, T-maze, and a food-digging task, the current study is the first to examine such deficits using a 3-choice serial reaction time task (3-CSRT) with reversal learning (3-CSRT-R). Although the rate of acquisition in 3-CSRT was slower in lesioned compared to control rats, lesioned animals were able to acquire a level of accuracy comparable to that of control animals following 4 weeks of training. In contrast, substantial and persistent deficits were apparent during the reversal learning phase. Our results demonstrate that deficits in cognitive flexibility can be robustly unmasked by reversal learning in the 3-CSRT-R paradigm, which can be a useful test for evaluating effects of dorsomedial striatal deafferentation and interventions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma PK, Wells L, Rizzo G, Elson JL, Passchier J, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Dexter DT, Pienaar IS. DREADD Activation of Pedunculopontine Cholinergic Neurons Reverses Motor Deficits and Restores Striatal Dopamine Signaling in Parkinsonian Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1120-1141. [PMID: 31965550 PMCID: PMC7609798 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem-based pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) traditionally associates with motor function, but undergoes extensive degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), which correlates with axial motor deficits. PPN-deep brain stimulation (DBS) can alleviate certain symptoms, but its mechanism(s) of action remains unknown. We previously characterized rats hemi-intranigrally injected with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin, as an accurate preclinical model of PD. Here we used a combination of chemogenetics with positron emission tomography imaging for in vivo interrogation of discrete neural networks in this rat model of PD. Stimulation of excitatory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs expressed within PPN cholinergic neurons activated residual nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to produce profound motor recovery, which correlated with striatal dopamine efflux as well as restored dopamine receptor 1- and dopamine receptor 2-based medium spiny neuron activity, as was ascertained with c-Fos-based immunohistochemistry and stereological cell counts. By revealing that the improved axial-related motor functions seen in PD patients receiving PPN-DBS may be due to stimulation of remaining PPN cholinergic neurons interacting with dopaminergic ones in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and the striatum, our data strongly favor the PPN cholinergic-midbrain dopaminergic connectome as mechanism for PPN-DBS's therapeutic effects. These findings have implications for refining PPN-DBS as a promising treatment modality available to PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet K Sharma
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lisa Wells
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Parra-Cid C, Orozco-Castillo E, García-López J, Contreras-Figueroa E, Ramos-Languren LE, Ibarra C, Carreón-Rodríguez A, Aschner M, Königsberg M, Santamaría A. Early Expression of Neuronal Dopaminergic Markers in a Parkinson's Disease Model in Rats Implanted with Enteric Stem Cells (ENSCs). CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:148-162. [PMID: 32303175 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200417123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. Replacement therapy is a promising alternative aimed at reconstructing the cytoarchitecture of affected brain regions in PD. Experimental approaches, such as the replacement of DAergic neurons with cells obtained from the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE To establish and characterize a cell replacement strategy with ENS Cells (ENSCs) in a PD model in rats. METHODS Since ENSCs can develop mature DAergic phenotypes, here we cultured undifferentiated cells from the myenteric plexus of newborn rats, establishing that they exhibit multipotential characteristics. These cells were characterized and further implanted in the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of adult rats previously lesioned by a retrograde degenerative model produced by intrastriatal injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DAergic markers were assessed in implants to validate their viability and possible differentiation once implanted. RESULTS Cell cultures were viable, exhibited stem cell features and remained partially undifferentiated until the time of implant. The retrograde lesion induced by 6-OHDA produced DAergic denervation, reducing the number of fibers and cells in the SNpc. Implantation of ENSCs in the SNpc of 6-OHDAlesioned rats was tracked after 5 and 10 days post-implant. During that time, the implant increased selective neuronal and DAergic markers, Including Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP-2), Dopamine Transporter (DAT), and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH). CONCLUSION Our novel results suggest that ENSCs possess a differentiating, proliferative and restorative potential that may offer therapeutic modalities to attenuate neurodegenerative events with the inherent demise of DAergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Parra-Cid
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Orozco-Castillo
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julieta García-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Contreras-Figueroa
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Ramos-Languren
- Coordinacion de Psicologia y Neurociencias, Division de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clemente Ibarra
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Carreón-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergetica y Envejecimiento Celular, Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoacidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cenci MA, Björklund A. Animal models for preclinical Parkinson's research: An update and critical appraisal. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:27-59. [PMID: 32247366 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are essential to investigate pathogenic pathways at the whole-organism level. Moreover, they are necessary for a preclinical investigation of potential new therapies. Different pathological features of PD can be induced in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species using toxins, drugs, or genetic perturbations. Each model has a particular utility and range of applicability. Invertebrate PD models are particularly useful for high throughput-screening applications, whereas mammalian models are needed to explore complex motor and non-motor features of the human disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and critical appraisal of the most commonly used mammalian models of PD, which are produced in rats and mice. A substantial loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons is necessary for the animal to exhibit a hypokinetic motor phenotype responsive to dopaminergic agents, thus resembling clinical PD. This level of dopaminergic neurodegeneration can be induced using specific neurotoxins, environmental toxicants, or proteasome inhibitors. Alternatively, nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration can be induced via overexpression of α-synuclein using viral vectors or transgenic techniques. In addition, protein aggregation pathology can be triggered by inoculating preformed fibrils of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra or the striatum. Thanks to the conceptual and technical progress made in the past few years a vast repertoire of well-characterized animal models are currently available to address different aspects of PD in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anders Björklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Takeuchi Y, Berényi A. Oscillotherapeutics - Time-targeted interventions in epilepsy and beyond. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:87-107. [PMID: 31954733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory brain activities support many physiological functions from motor control to cognition. Disruptions of the normal oscillatory brain activities are commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety/trauma-related disorders, major depressive disorders, and drug addiction. Therefore, these disorders can be considered as common oscillation defects despite having distinct behavioral manifestations and genetic causes. Recent technical advances of neuronal activity recording and analysis have allowed us to study the pathological oscillations of each disorder as a possible biomarker of symptoms. Furthermore, recent advances in brain stimulation technologies enable time- and space-targeted interventions of the pathological oscillations of both neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders as possible targets for regulating their symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Antal Berényi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nagano A. Development of a control task for clarifying the neural mechanisms underlying tool-use behavior in rats ( Rattus norvegicus). MethodsX 2019; 6:2845-2854. [PMID: 31871918 PMCID: PMC6911953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hook-choice training without tool-use-specific factors can be performed as a control task. Prior tool-use training improved rats’ performance in experimental tests. Control task for rodents allows investigation of the neural mechanisms of tool-use.
Many studies on non-human animals have attempted to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying tool-use behavior. However, previous studies showed considerable non-tool-use-specific differences between tool-use and control tasks. The purpose of the present study was to develop a control training task for studies that investigate the neural mechanisms behind tool-use in rodents. Eight rats were subjected to control tasks which excluded tool-use-specific factors and consisted of training for hook-pulling and hook-choice tasks, as well as tool-choice tests which included tool-use specific factors and were similar to those in a previous study on rats. With the exception of one rat, the results of the hook-choice training showed that the previous study and the present study had similar difficulty levels. In the tool-choice tests of the present study, rats did not choose the functional tools over the non-functional tools when there was no contradiction between their appearance and functionality, which contrasted with the previous study on which this study was based on. These results suggest that the training task that excludes tool-use-specific factors can be appropriately utilized as a control task for studies investigating the neural mechanisms behind tool-use in animals and, potentially, in humans. Hook-choice training without tool-use-specific factors can be performed as a control task. Prior tool-use training improved rats’ performance in experimental tests. Control task for rodents allows investigation of the neural mechanisms of tool-use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Nagano
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Monkeys are a premier model organism for neuroscience research. Activity in the central nervous systems of monkeys can be recorded and manipulated while they perform complex perceptual, motor, or cognitive tasks. Conventional techniques for manipulating neural activity in monkeys are too coarse to address many of the outstanding questions in primate neuroscience, but optogenetics holds the promise to overcome this hurdle. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in primate optogenetics over the past 5 years. We emphasize the use of gene regulatory sequences in viral vectors to target specific neuronal types, and we present data on vectors that we engineered to target parvalbumin-expressing neurons. We conclude with a discussion of the utility of optogenetics for treating sensorimotor hearing loss and Parkinson's disease, areas of translational neuroscience in which monkeys provide unique leverage for basic science and medicine.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryait H, Bermudez-Contreras E, Harvey M, Faraji J, Mirza Agha B, Gomez-Palacio Schjetnan A, Gruber A, Doan J, Mohajerani M, Metz GAS, Whishaw IQ, Luczak A. Data-driven analyses of motor impairments in animal models of neurological disorders. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000516. [PMID: 31751328 PMCID: PMC6871764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior provides important insights into neuronal processes. For example, analysis of reaching movements can give a reliable indication of the degree of impairment in neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson disease, or Huntington disease. The analysis of such movement abnormalities is notoriously difficult and requires a trained evaluator. Here, we show that a deep neural network is able to score behavioral impairments with expert accuracy in rodent models of stroke. The same network was also trained to successfully score movements in a variety of other behavioral tasks. The neural network also uncovered novel movement alterations related to stroke, which had higher predictive power of stroke volume than the movement components defined by human experts. Moreover, when the regression network was trained only on categorical information (control = 0; stroke = 1), it generated predictions with intermediate values between 0 and 1 that matched the human expert scores of stroke severity. The network thus offers a new data-driven approach to automatically derive ratings of motor impairments. Altogether, this network can provide a reliable neurological assessment and can assist the design of behavioral indices to diagnose and monitor neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Ryait
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edgar Bermudez-Contreras
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Harvey
- Coastline Automation, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Jamshid Faraji
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Behroo Mirza Agha
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Gruber
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon Doan
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid Mohajerani
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A. S. Metz
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Q. Whishaw
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Artur Luczak
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peng Q, Zhong S, Tan Y, Zeng W, Wang J, Cheng C, Yang X, Wu Y, Cao X, Xu Y. The Rodent Models of Dyskinesia and Their Behavioral Assessment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1016. [PMID: 31681132 PMCID: PMC6798181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskinesia, a major motor complication resulting from dopamine replacement treatment, manifests as involuntary hyperkinetic or dystonic movements. This condition poses a challenge to the treatment of Parkinson's disease. So far, several behavioral models based on rodent with dyskinesia have been established. These models have provided an important platform for evaluating the curative effect of drugs at the preclinical research level over the past two decades. However, there are differences in the modeling and behavioral testing procedures among various laboratories that adversely affect the rat and mouse models as credible experimental tools in this field. This article systematically reviews the history, the pros and cons, and the controversies surrounding rodent models of dyskinesia as well as their behavioral assessment protocols. A summary of factors that influence the behavioral assessment in the rodent dyskinesia models is also presented, including the degree of dopamine denervation, stereotaxic lesion sites, drug regimen, monitoring styles, priming effect, and individual and strain differences. Besides, recent breakthroughs like the genetic mouse models and the bilateral intoxication models for dyskinesia are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - WeiQi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aghoghovwia BE, Goddard L, Oorschot DE. Long-Term Fine Motor Capability on the Staircase Test Correlates with the Absolute Number, but Not the Density, of DARPP-Positive Neurons in the Caudate-Putamen. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2040-2048. [PMID: 31177619 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of long-term functional and anatomical outcomes in the same animal is considered a powerful strategy for correlating structure with function. In a neonatal animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that is relevant to cerebral palsy, long-term functional deficits on the staircase test and long-term anatomical deficits in the absolute number of medium-spiny projection neurons in the caudate-putamen were reported in different animals due to logistical constraints. Here, we investigated if these functional and anatomical measures were correlated when measured in the same animals. The medium-spiny projection neurons were investigated because (1) they comprise the vast majority (>97%) of all neurons in the caudate-putamen and (2) motor deficits observed during staircase testing are likely to involve these striatal medium-spiny projection neurons through their connections. We found that long-term skilled forepaw capability on the staircase test was correlated with the absolute number of DARPP-32-positive medium-spiny projection neurons in the caudate-putamen. Specifically, deficits in skilled forepaw ability for the number of sugar pellets eaten and retrieved, and for the maximum staircase level reached, were significantly correlated with a lower absolute neuronal number. We also found that skilled forepaw ability on the staircase test was not correlated with the neuronal density (i.e., number per unit volume) of DARPP-32-positive medium-spiny projection neurons. Since neuronal density is an indirect measure of neuronal survival that is used in the literature, and absolute neuronal number is a direct measure, the results also highlight the scientific value of measuring absolute neuronal number. Anat Rec, 302:2040-2048, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Aghoghovwia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liping Goddard
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy E Oorschot
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Methodological Aspects for Preclinical Evaluation of Gadolinium Presence in Brain Tissue: Critical Appraisal and Suggestions for Harmonization-A Joint Initiative. Invest Radiol 2019; 53:499-517. [PMID: 29659381 PMCID: PMC6092104 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are pharmaceuticals that have been approved for 30 years and used daily in millions of patients worldwide. Their clinical benefits are indisputable. Recently, unexpected long-term presence of Gd in the brain has been reported by numerous retrospective clinical studies and confirmed in preclinical models particularly after linear GBCA (L-GBCA) compared with macrocyclic GBCA (M-GBCA). Even if no clinical consequences of Gd presence in brain tissue has been demonstrated so far, in-depth investigations on potential toxicological consequences and the fate of Gd in the body remain crucial to potentially adapt the clinical use of GBCAs, as done during the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis crisis. Preclinical models are instrumental in the understanding of the mechanism of action as well as the potential safety consequences. However, such models may be associated with risks of biases, often related to the protocol design. Selection of adequate terminology is also crucial. This review of the literature intends to summarize and critically discuss the main methodological aspects for accurate design and translational character of preclinical studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gadolinium Retention, Brain T1 Hyperintensity, and Endogenous Metals: A Comparative Study of Macrocyclic Versus Linear Gadolinium Chelates in Renally Sensitized Rats. Invest Radiol 2019; 53:328-337. [PMID: 29329151 PMCID: PMC5943076 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This preclinical study was designed to compare gadolinium (Gd) brain uptake after repeated injections of a macrocyclic Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA) (gadoterate meglumine) or 2 linear GBCAs (L-GBCAs) (gadobenate dimeglumine or gadodiamide) on a translational model of moderate renal impairment in rats. METHODS The study was carried out in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Animals received 4 intravenous injections per week of GBCA (gadoterate meglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine, or gadodiamide) for 5 weeks, resulting in a cumulative dose of 12 mmol/kg, followed by a 1-month injection-free period. T1 hyperintensity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCNs) was investigated, and brain structures were carefully dissected to determine elemental Gd, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) distribution by mass spectrometry. Urinary excretion of endogenous metals was also investigated soon after GBCA administration and several days later in order to assess a potential transmetalation phenomenon. RESULTS Unlike gadoterate, repeated injections of L-GBCAs gadobenate and gadodiamide both induced T1 hyperintensity in the DCNs. Fine dissection of cerebral and cerebellar structures demonstrated very low levels or absence of Gd after repeated injections of gadoterate, in contrast to the two L-GBCAs, for which the highest total Gd concentration was demonstrated in the DCNs (Gd concentration in DCNs after 4.5 weeks of injection-free period: 27.1 ± 6.5 nmol/g for gadodiamide [P < 0.01 vs saline and P < 0.05 vs gadoterate]; 12.0 ± 2.6 nmol/g for gadobenate [P < 0.09 vs saline]; compared with 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/g for gadoterate [ns vs saline]). The distribution of Gd concentration among the various brain structures dissected was also well correlated with the Fe distribution in these structures. No difference in endogenous metal levels in brain structures was observed. However, injection of gadobenate or gadodiamide resulted in an increase in urinary Zn excretion (urinary Zn concentrations: 57.9 ± 20.5 nmol/mL with gadobenate [P < 0.01 vs gadoterate and saline] and 221.6 ± 83.3 nmol/L with gadodiamide [P < 0.0001 vs all other treatments] vs 8.1 ± 2.3 nmol/L with saline and 10.6 ± 4.8 nmol/L with gadoterate]). CONCLUSIONS In a model of renally impaired rats, only traces of gadoterate meglumine were detected in the brain with no T1 hyperintensity of the DCNs, whereas marked Gd retention was observed in almost all brain areas after injections of the L-GBCAs, gadobenate dimeglumine and gadodiamide. Brain structures with higher Gd uptake corresponded to those structures containing more Fe. Urinary Zn excretion was significantly increased after a single injection of L-GBCAs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Glass TJ, Kelm-Nelson CA, Russell JA, Szot JC, Lake JM, Connor NP, Ciucci MR. Laryngeal muscle biology in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1326-1334. [PMID: 30844333 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular pathology is found in the larynx and pharynx in humans with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown when this pathology emerges. We hypothesized that pathology occurs in early (premanifest) stages. To address this, we used the Pink1-/- rat model of PD, which shows age-dependent dopaminergic neuron loss, locomotor deficits, and deficits related to laryngeal function. We report findings in the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) in Pink1-/- rats compared with wild-type (WT) control rats at 4 and 6 mo of age. TAs were analyzed for force production, myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC), centrally nucleated myofibers, neural cell adhesion molecule, myofiber size, and muscle section size. Compared with WT, Pink1-/- TA had reductions in force levels at 1-Hz stimulation and 20-Hz stimulation, increases in relative levels of MyHC 2L, increases in incidence of centrally nucleated myofibers in the external division of the TA, and reductions in myofiber size of the vocalis division of the TA at 6 mo of age. Alterations of laryngeal muscle biology occur in a rat model of premanifest PD. Although these alterations are statistically significant, their functional significance remains to be determined. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pathology of peripheral nerves and muscle has been reported in the larynx and pharynx of humans diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown whether differences of laryngeal muscle occur at premanifest stages. This study examined the thyroarytenoid muscles of the Pink1-/- rat model of PD for differences of muscle biology compared with control rats. Thyroarytenoid muscles of Pink1-/- rats at premanifest stages show differences in multiple measures of muscle biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Glass
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - John A Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John C Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jacob M Lake
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saunders R, Tan XG, Bagchi A. On the Development of Interspecies Traumatic Brain Injury Correspondence Rules. Mil Med 2019; 184:181-194. [PMID: 30901476 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury analysis in human is exceedingly difficult due to the methods in which data can be collected, thus many researchers commonly implement animal surrogates. However, use of these surrogates is costly and restricted by ethical concerns and test logistics. Computational models and simulations do not have these constraints and can produce significant amounts of data in relatively short periods. This paper shows the development of a human head and neck model and a full body porcine model. Both models are developed from high-resolution CT and MRI scans and the latest low-to-high strain rate mechanical data available in the literature to represent tissue component material behaviors. Both models are validated against experiments from the literature and used to complete an initial interspecies correspondence rule development study for blast overpressure effects. The results indicate the similarities in the way injury develops in the pig brain and human brain but these similarities occur at very different insult levels. These results are extended by a study, which shows that blast peak pressure is the driving factor in injury prediction and, depending on the injury metric used, significantly different injuries could be predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saunders
- Multifunctional Materials Branch, Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW., Washington, DC
| | - X Gary Tan
- Multifunctional Materials Branch, Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW., Washington, DC
| | - Amit Bagchi
- Multifunctional Materials Branch, Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW., Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Neuropharmacology, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of aggression: The zebrafish model. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:602-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
30
|
Morris DC, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Thymosin β4 for the treatment of acute stroke: neurorestorative or neuroprotective? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 18:149-158. [PMID: 30063858 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1484100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a 5K peptide which influences cellular migration by inhibiting organization of the actin-cytoskeleton. Treatment of acute stroke presently involves use of rt-PA and/or endovascular treatment with thrombectomy, both of which have time limitations. Therefore, development of a treatment beyond these times is necessary as most stroke patients present beyond these time limits. A drug which could be administered within 24 h from symptom onset would provide substantial benefit. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the data and results of two in-vivo studies testing Tβ4 in an embolic stroke model of young and aged rats. In addition, we describe in-vitro investigations of the neurorestorative and neuroprotective properties of Tβ4 in a variety of neuroprogenitor and oligoprogenitor cell models. EXPERT OPINION Tβ4 acts as a neurorestorative agent when employed in a young male rat model of embolic stroke while in an aged model it acts a neuroprotectant. However evaluation of Tβ4 as a treatment of stroke requires further preclinical evaluation in females and in males and females with comorbidities such as, hypertension and diabetes in models of embolic stroke to further define the mechanism of action and potential as a treatment of stroke in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Morris
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Henry Ford Health Systems , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Zheng G Zhang
- b Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health Systems , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- b Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health Systems , Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kletzien H, Cullins MJ, Connor NP. Age-related alterations in swallowing biomechanics. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:45-50. [PMID: 30633957 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging rodent models allow for the discovery of underlying mechanisms of cranial muscle dysfunction. Methods are needed to allow quantification of complex, multivariate biomechanical movements during swallowing. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VSS) are the standard of care in assessment of swallowing disorders in patients and validated quantitative, kinematic, and morphometric analysis methods have been developed. Our purpose was to adapt validated morphometric techniques to the rodent to computationally analyze swallowing dysfunction in the aging rodent. METHODS VSS, quantitative analyses (bolus area, bolus velocity, mastication rate) and a rodent specific multivariate, morphometric computational analysis of swallowing biomechanics were performed on 20 swallows from 5 young adult and 5 old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. Eight anatomical landmarks were used to track the relative change in position of skeletal levers (cranial base, vertebral column, mandible) and soft tissue landmarks (upper esophageal sphincter, base of tongue). RESULTS Bolus area significantly increased and mastication rate significantly decreased with age. Aging accounted for 77.1% of the variance in swallow biomechanics, and 18.7% of the variance was associated with swallow phase (oral vs pharyngeal). Post hoc analyses identified age-related alterations in tongue base retraction, mastication, and head posture during the swallow. CONCLUSION Geometric morphometric analysis of rodent swallows suggests that swallow biomechanics are altered with age. When used in combination with biological assays of age-related adaptations in neuromuscular systems, this multivariate analysis may increase our understanding of underlying musculoskeletal dysfunction that contributes to swallowing disorders with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kletzien
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America.
| | - Miranda J Cullins
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matias Júnior I, Medeiros P, de Freita RL, Vicente-César H, Ferreira Junior JR, Machado HR, Menezes-Reis R. Effective Parameters for Gait Analysis in Experimental Models for Evaluating Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Rats. Neurospine 2019; 16:305-316. [PMID: 30653907 PMCID: PMC6603843 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1836080.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is a peripheral nerve injury widely used to induce mononeuropathy. This study used machine learning methods to identify the best gait analysis parameters for evaluating peripheral nerve injuries.
Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (weighing 270±10 g), were used in the present study and divided into the following 4 groups: CCI with 4 ligatures around the sciatic nerve (CCI-4L; n=7), a modified CCI model with 1 ligature (CCI-1L; n=7), a sham group (n=7), and a healthy control group (n=7). All rats underwent gait analysis 7 and 28 days postinjury. The data were evaluated using Kinovea and WeKa software (machine learning and neural networks).
Results In the machine learning analysis of the experimental groups, the pre-swing (PS) angle showed the highest ranking in all 3 analyses (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve using the Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, radial basis function classifiers). Initial contact (IC), step length, and stride length also performed well. Between 7 and 28 days after injury, there was an increase in the total course time, step length, stride length, stride speed, and IC, and a reduction in PS and IC-PS. Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and experimental groups for all parameters except speed. Interactions between time after injury and nerve injury type were only observed for IC, PS, and IC-PS.
Conclusion PS angle of the ankle was the best gait parameter for differentiating nonlesions from nerve injuries and different levels of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivair Matias Júnior
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freita
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Str. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hilton Vicente-César
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Raniery Ferreira Junior
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Menezes-Reis
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biomechanics, Medicine, and Rehabilitation of Locomotor Apparatus, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Toklu HZ, Yang Z, Ersahin M, Wang KKW. Neurological Exam in Rats Following Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:371-381. [PMID: 31273710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the appropriate model for testing neurological symptoms in rats is essential for the assessment of functional outcome. A number of tests have been developed to quantify the severity of neurological deficits. These tests should meet criteria such as validity, specificity, sensitivity, and utility. Although analysis of motor function shows homology in primates and rodents, the total neurological exam scores may not always reflect the clinical outcome. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate tests has critical importance when evaluating therapeutic strategies. This chapter describes Toklu's modified neurological exam score method which can be used practically to assess neurological symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. The method is a combination of balance, muscle strength, coordination, and reflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hale Z Toklu
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- HCA North Florida Division, Graduate Medical Education, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Zhiui Yang
- University of Florida, Department of Emergency Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mehmet Ersahin
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- University of Florida, Department of Emergency Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cullen KP, Grant LM, Kelm-Nelson CA, Brauer AFL, Bickelhaupt LB, Russell JA, Ciucci MR. Pink1 -/- Rats Show Early-Onset Swallowing Deficits and Correlative Brainstem Pathology. Dysphagia 2018; 33:749-758. [PMID: 29713896 PMCID: PMC6207473 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-018-9896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) compromises oropharyngeal swallowing, which negatively affects quality of life and contributes to aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia often begins early in the disease process, and does not improve with standard therapies. As a result, swallowing deficits are undertreated in the PD population. The Pink1 -/- rat is used to model PD, and demonstrates widespread brainstem neuropathology in combination with early-onset sensorimotor dysfunction; however, to date, swallowing behaviors have not been evaluated. To test the hypothesis that Pink1 -/- rats demonstrate early-onset differences in swallowing, we analyzed within-subject oropharyngeal swallowing using videofluoroscopy. Pink1 -/- and wildtype (WT) controls at 4 (Pink1 -/- n = 16, WT = 16) and 8 (Pink1 -/- n = 12, WT = 12) months of age were tested. The average and maximum bolus size was significantly increased in Pink1 -/- rats at both 4 and 8 months. Bolus average velocity was increased at 8 months for all animals; yet, Pink1 -/- animals had significantly increased velocities compared to WT at 8 months. The data show a significant reduction in mastication rate for Pink1 -/- rats at 8 months suggesting the onset of oromotor dysfunction begins at this time point. Relationships among swallowing variables and neuropathological findings, such as increased alpha-synuclein protein in the nucleus ambiguus and reductions in noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus in the Pink1 -/- rats, were determined. The presence of early oropharyngeal swallowing deficits and relationships to brainstem pathology in Pink1-/- rat models of PD indicate that this may be a useful model of early swallowing deficits and their mechanisms. These findings suggest clinical implications for early detection and management of dysphagia in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee P Cullen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Laura M Grant
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Alexander F L Brauer
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Luke B Bickelhaupt
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John A Russell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Reprint of “Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms”. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Stanley P, Pioli EY, Kozak R, Popiolek M, Bezard E. Meta-analysis of amantadine efficacy for improving preclinical research reliability. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1555-1557. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Stanley
- Research Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | | - Rouba Kozak
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael Popiolek
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience; Manchester United Kingdom
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; Bordeaux France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Modeling Parkinson’s disease and treatment complications in rodents: Potentials and pitfalls of the current options. Behav Brain Res 2018; 352:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
38
|
Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:205-218. [PMID: 30107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a widely variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. While the motor deficits are only visible following a severe dopamine depletion, neurodegenerative process and some non-motor symptoms are manifested years before the motor deficits. Importantly, chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to the development of compensatory mechanisms that play roles in the progression of the disease and the response to anti-parkinsonian therapies. The identification of these mechanisms will be of great importance for improving our understanding of factors with important contributions to the disease course and the underlying adaptive process. To date, most of the data obtained from animal models reflect the late, chronic, dopamine-depleted states, when compensatory mechanisms have already been established. Thus, adequate animal models with which researchers are able to dissect early- and late-phase mechanisms are necessary. Here, we reviewed the literature related to animal models of early-stage PD and pharmacological treatments capable of inducing acute dopamine impairments and/or depletion, such as reserpine, haloperidol and tetrodotoxin. We highlighted the advantages, limitations and the future prospective uses of these models, as well as their applications in the identification of novel agents for treating this neurological disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clara Grandi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Souza TKF, Nucci MP, Mamani JB, da Silva HR, Fantacini DMC, de Souza LEB, Picanço-Castro V, Covas DT, Vidoto EL, Tannús A, Gamarra LF. Image and motor behavior for monitoring tumor growth in C6 glioma model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201453. [PMID: 30048545 PMCID: PMC6062126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to monitor tumor growth by using image techniques and behavioral testing through general and specific motor activities (spontaneous movements and gait). Our sample includes male Wistar rats, 2 months old and weighing 250-300 g, that is categorized into three groups: control, sham, and experimental. The experimental group was anesthetized; the C6 cells with luciferase expression that were suspended in a culture medium were implanted into the right frontoparietal cortex of the rats. The sham group received implant only with culture medium without cells. Images and behavioral tests were evaluated at base time and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after induced tumor growth analysis. The tumor volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative bioluminescence imaging (BLI) signal showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.96. The MRI showed that the mean tumor volume increased by approximately 10, 26, and 49 times according to a comparison of tumor volume on the seventh day with 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. The quantification of the BLI signal was (4.12 ± 2.01) x 10(8), (8.33 ± 3.12) x 10(8), (28.43 ± 6.32) x 10(8), and (63.02 ± 10.53) x 10(8) photons/s at the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth day, respectively. After 14 days of tumor induction, both behavioral tests showed significant differences between tumor and sham or control groups. Our study showed a high correlation between MRI and BLI for tumor growth monitoring with complement aspects analysis in tumor volume. In addition, functional behavioral analysis displayed sensitivity to monitor tumor growth, as well as to detect early significant changes between groups, primarily in the tumor group. The results of gait analysis were more sensitive than general motor analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Luis Vidoto
- CIERMag-Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Tannús
- CIERMag-Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel Fernel Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Santa Casa Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sgroi S, Tonini R. Opioidergic Modulation of Striatal Circuits, Implications in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:524. [PMID: 30026724 PMCID: PMC6041411 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the dorsal striatum is complex, due to the diversity of neural inputs that converge in this structure and its subdivision into direct and indirect output pathways, striosomes and matrix compartments. Among the neurotransmitters that regulate the activity of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), opioid neuropeptides (enkephalin and dynorphin) play a neuromodulatory role in synaptic transmission and plasticity and affect striatal-based behaviors in both normal brain function and pathological states, including Parkinson's disease (PD). We review recent findings on the cell-type-specific effects of opioidergic neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum, focusing on the maladaptive synaptic neuroadaptations that occur in PD and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Understanding the plethora of molecular and synaptic mechanisms underpinning the opioid-mediated modulation of striatal circuits is critical for the development of pharmacological treatments that can alleviate motor dysfunctions and hyperkinetic responses to dopaminergic stimulant drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sgroi
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
O'Connor G, Jeffrey E, Madorma D, Marcillo A, Abreu MT, Deo SK, Dietrich WD, Daunert S. Investigation of Microbiota Alterations and Intestinal Inflammation Post-Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2159-2166. [PMID: 29566601 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there has been a significant amount of research focused on the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), there is limited information on the consequences of SCI on remote organs. SCI can produce significant effects on a variety of organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with SCI often suffer from severe, debilitating bowel dysfunction in addition to their physical disabilities, which is of major concern for these individuals because of the adverse impact on their quality of life. Herein, we report on our investigation into the effects of SCI and subsequent antibiotic treatment on the intestinal tissue and microbiota. For that, we used a thoracic SCI rat model and investigated changes to the microbiota, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and bacterial communication molecule levels post-injury and gentamicin treatment for 7 days. We discovered significant changes, the most interesting being the differences in the gut microbiota beta diversity of 8-week SCI animals compared to control animals at the family, genus, and species level. Specifically, 35 operational taxonomic units were enriched in the SCI animal group and three were identified at species level; Lactobacillus intestinalis, Clostridium disporicum, and Bifidobacterium choerinum. In contrast, Clostridium saccharogumia was identified as depleted in the SCI animal group. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha were found to be significantly elevated in intestinal tissue homogenate 4 weeks post-SCI compared to 8-weeks post-injury. Further, levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and MIP-2 significantly correlated with changes in beta diversity 8-weeks post-SCI. Our data provide a greater understanding of the early effects of SCI on the microbiota and gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the need for further investigation to elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory O'Connor
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elisabeth Jeffrey
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Derik Madorma
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexander Marcillo
- 2 Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria T Abreu
- 3 Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sapna K Deo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 2 Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marshall CA, King KM, Kortagere S. Limitations of the rat medial forebrain lesion model to study prefrontal cortex mediated cognitive tasks in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2018; 1702:105-113. [PMID: 29608880 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Besides motor impairment, PD patients exhibit non-motor symptoms that negatively impact their quality of life and often manifest prior to motor deficits. One such symptom is mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), which is comprised of deficits in executive function such as working memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and spatial memory. The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced unilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) lesion animal model successfully recapitulates PD motor impairment but is also used to assess non-motor deficits. The present study utilizes a unilateral 6-OHDA induced MFB lesion rodent model to investigate prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated cognitive processes that are impaired in PD patients. In a test of attentional set shifting, PD rodents demonstrated deficits in simple discrimination, but not in rule reversal or extradimensional shifts. PD rodents also exhibited deficits in a temporal order memory task but had no deficits in novel/spatial object recognition or object-in-place tasks. These results reveal limitations of the 6-OHDA induced unilateral MFB lesion model to completely recapitulate PD-MCI symptoms suggesting a need for better lesion models to study PD-MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Kirsten M King
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pavshintsev VV, Podshivalova LS, Frolova OY, Belopolskaya MV, Averina OA, Kushnir EA, Marmiy NV, Lovat ML. Effects of Mitochondrial Antioxidant SkQ1 on Biochemical and Behavioral Parameters in a Parkinsonism Model in Mice. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1513-1520. [PMID: 29486701 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
According to one hypothesis, Parkinson's disease pathogenesis is largely caused by dopamine catabolism that is catalyzed on mitochondrial membranes by monoamine oxidase. Reactive oxygen species are formed as a byproduct of these reactions, which can lead to mitochondrial damage followed by cell degeneration and death. In this study, we investigated the effects of administration of the mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 on biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral parameters in a Parkinson-like condition caused by protoxin MPTP injections in C57BL/6 mice. SkQ1 administration increased dopamine quantity and decreased signs of sensory-motor deficiency as well as destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in mice with the Parkinson-like condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Pavshintsev
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Critical Questions Regarding Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain and Body After Injections of the Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents, Safety, and Clinical Recommendations in Consideration of the EMA's Pharmacovigilance and Risk Assessment Committee Recommendation for Suspension of the Marketing Authorizations for 4 Linear Agents. Invest Radiol 2018; 52:317-323. [PMID: 28368880 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For magnetic resonance, the established class of intravenous contrast media is the gadolinium-based contrast agents. In the 3 decades since initial approval, these have proven in general to be very safe for human administration. However, in 2006, a devastating late adverse reaction to administration of the less stable gadolinium-based contrast agents was identified, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The result of actions taken by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration, stratifying the agents by risk and contraindicating specific agents in severe renal dysfunction, has led to no new cases being identified in North America or Europe. Subsequently, in 2014, long-term deposition in the brain of gadolinium was first shown, after administration of 2 nonionic linear chelates, gadodiamide, and gadopentetate dimeglumine. This has led to an intense focus on the question of in vivo distribution, possible dechelation, and subsequent deposition of gadolinium, together with substantial clarification of the phenomenon as well as stratification of the agents on this basis. This review focuses on 8 critical questions regarding gadolinium deposition in the brain and body, with the answers and discussion therein important for future regulatory decisions and clinical practice. It is now clear that dechelation of gadolinium occurs in vivo with the linear agents and is responsible for this phenomenon, with key experts in the field recommending, except where there is no suitable alternative, a shift in clinical practice from the linear to macrocyclic agents. In addition, on March 10, 2017, the Pharmacovigilance and Risk Assessment Committee of the European Medicines Agency recommended suspension of the marketing authorization for 4 linear gadolinium contrast agents-specifically Omniscan, Optimark, Magnevist, and MultiHance (gadodiamide, gadoversetamide, gadopentetate dimeglumine, and gadobenate dimeglumine)-for intravenous injection. Cited in the report was convincing evidence of gadolinium deposition in the brain months after injection of these linear agents. Primovist/Eovist (gadoxetic acid disodium) will remain available, being used at a lower dose for liver imaging, because it meets an important diagnostic need. In addition, a formulation of Magnevist for intra-articular injection will remain available because of its very low gadolinium concentration.
Collapse
|
45
|
Andreoli L, Simplício H, Morya E. Egg Model Training Protocol for Stereotaxic Neurosurgery and Microelectrode Implantation. World Neurosurg 2018; 111:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Cenci MA, Crossman AR. Animal models of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:889-899. [PMID: 29488257 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms of l-dopa-induced motor complications is dependent on our ability to investigate these phenomena in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The most common motor complications consist in wearing-off fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements appearing when plasma levels of l-dopa are high, commonly referred to as peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Parkinsonian models exhibiting these features have been well-characterized in both rodent and nonhuman primate species. The first animal models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia were produced in monkeys lesioned with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated chronically with l-dopa to elicit choreic movements and dystonic postures. Seminal studies were performed in these models using both metabolic mapping and electrophysiological techniques, providing fundamental pathophysiological insights that have stood the test of time. A decade later, it was shown possible to reproduce peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in rats and mice rendered parkinsonian with nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. When treated with l-dopa, these animals exhibit abnormal involuntary movements having both hyperkinetic and dystonic components. These models have enabled molecular- and cellular-level investigations into the mechanisms of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. A flourishing literature using genetically engineered mice is now unraveling the role of specific genes and neural circuits in the development of l-dopa-induced motor complications. Both non-human primate and rodent models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia have excellent construct validity and provide valuable tools for discovering therapeutic targets and evaluating potential treatments. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kelm-Nelson CA, Trevino MA, Ciucci MR. Quantitative Analysis of Catecholamines in the Pink1 -/- Rat Model of Early-onset Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 379:126-141. [PMID: 29496635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) related to homozygous mutations in the Pink1 gene is associated with nigrostriatal dopamine depletion and a wide range of sensorimotor deficits. In humans and animal models of PD, not all sensorimotor deficits are levodopa-responsive. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanisms of locomotion, limb control, and vocal communication behavior include other pathologies. Here, Pink1 -/- rats were treated with an oral dose of levodopa and limb motor and vocal communication behaviors were measured. Levodopa significantly improved some aspects of locomotion but did not improve ultrasonic vocalization intensity or frequency. Catecholamine concentrations in the striatum (SR), substantia nigra (SN), and locus coeruleus (LC) were analyzed to test the hypothesis that behavioral deficits would correlate to altered protein levels. There were no differences in dopamine concentrations in the SR and SN of Pink1 -/- animals compared to wild-type controls. There was a significant increase in norepinephrine concentration in the SN of Pink1 -/- animals. Moreover, an observed decrease in norepinephrine concentrations in the LC is consistent with the hypothesis that early-stage PD includes noradrenergic loss in the brainstem, and is congruent with a significant increase in catechol-O-methyltransferase expression in the LC of Pink1 -/- animals. Pearson's correlations showed that increases in time to traverse a tapered balance beam are significantly associated with reductions in striatal dopamine. Ultrasonic vocalization complexity was positively correlated with LC norepinephrine concentrations. These data support the evolving hypothesis that differences in neural substrates and early-onset noradrenergic mechanisms in the brainstem may contribute to pathogenesis in the Pink1 -/- rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Michael A Trevino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lowered iPLA2γ activity causes increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2018; 300:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
49
|
Marasco PD, Bourbeau DJ, Shell CE, Granja-Vazquez R, Ina JG. The neural response properties and cortical organization of a rapidly adapting muscle sensory group response that overlaps with the frequencies that elicit the kinesthetic illusion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188559. [PMID: 29182648 PMCID: PMC5705069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesthesia is the sense of limb movement. It is fundamental to efficient motor control, yet its neurophysiological components remain poorly understood. The contributions of primary muscle spindles and cutaneous afferents to the kinesthetic sense have been well studied; however, potential contributions from muscle sensory group responses that are different than the muscle spindles have not been ruled out. Electrophysiological recordings in peripheral nerves and brains of male Sprague Dawley rats with a degloved forelimb preparation provide evidence of a rapidly adapting muscle sensory group response that overlaps with vibratory inputs known to generate illusionary perceptions of limb movement in humans (kinesthetic illusion). This group was characteristically distinct from type Ia muscle spindle fibers, the receptor historically attributed to limb movement sensation, suggesting that type Ia muscle spindle fibers may not be the sole carrier of kinesthetic information. The sensory-neural structure of muscles is complex and there are a number of possible sources for this response group; with Golgi tendon organs being the most likely candidate. The rapidly adapting muscle sensory group response projected to proprioceptive brain regions, the rodent homolog of cortical area 3a and the second somatosensory area (S2), with similar adaption and frequency response profiles between the brain and peripheral nerves. Their representational organization was muscle-specific (myocentric) and magnified for proximal and multi-articulate limb joints. Projection to proprioceptive brain areas, myocentric representational magnification of muscles prone to movement error, overlap with illusionary vibrational input, and resonant frequencies of volitional motor unit contraction suggest that this group response may be involved with limb movement processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Marasco
- Advanced Platform Technology Center of Excellence, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis J. Bourbeau
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Courtney E. Shell
- Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafael Granja-Vazquez
- Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Ina
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Manfré G, Clemensson EKH, Kyriakou EI, Clemensson LE, van der Harst JE, Homberg JR, Nguyen HP. The BACHD Rat Model of Huntington Disease Shows Specific Deficits in a Test Battery of Motor Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:218. [PMID: 29163089 PMCID: PMC5675855 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. HD is usually diagnosed by the appearance of motor deficits, resulting in skilled hand use disruption, gait abnormality, muscle wasting and choreatic movements. The BACHD transgenic rat model for HD represents a well-established transgenic rodent model of HD, offering the prospect of an in-depth characterization of the motor phenotype. Objective: The present study aims to characterize different aspects of motor function in BACHD rats, combining classical paradigms with novel high-throughput behavioral phenotyping. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and transgenic animals were tested longitudinally from 2 to 12 months of age. To measure fine motor control, rats were challenged with the pasta handling test and the pellet reaching test. To evaluate gross motor function, animals were assessed by using the holding bar and the grip strength tests. Spontaneous locomotor activity and circadian rhythmicity were assessed in an automated home-cage environment, namely the PhenoTyper. We then integrated existing classical methodologies to test motor function with automated home-cage assessment of motor performance. Results: BACHD rats showed strong impairment in muscle endurance at 2 months of age. Altered circadian rhythmicity and locomotor activity were observed in transgenic animals. On the other hand, reaching behavior, forepaw dexterity and muscle strength were unaffected. Conclusions: The BACHD rat model exhibits certain features of HD patients, like muscle weakness and changes in circadian behavior. We have observed modest but clear-cut deficits in distinct motor phenotypes, thus confirming the validity of this transgenic rat model for treatment and drug discovery purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manfré
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik K H Clemensson
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisavet I Kyriakou
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura E Clemensson
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanneke E van der Harst
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre of Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|