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Flores N, Rivillas-Acevedo L, Caballero J, Melo F, Caballero L, Areche C, Fuentealba D, Aguilar F, Cornejo A. Rosmarinic acid turned α-syn oligomers into non-toxic species preserving microtubules in Raw 264.7 cells. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107669. [PMID: 39067421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and the therapeutic is focused on several approaches including the inhibition of fibril formation by small compounds, avoiding the formation of cytotoxic oligomers. Thus, we decided to explore the capacity of compounds carrying catechol moieties to inhibit the progression of α-synuclein. Overall, the compounds rosmarinic acid (1), carnosic acid (2), carnosol (3), epiisorosmanol (4), and rosmanol (5) avoid the progression of fibril formation assessed by Thiofavine T (ThT), and atomic force microscopy images showed that morphology is influenced for the actions of compounds over fibrillization. Moreover, ITC experiments showed a Kd varying from 28 to 51 µM, the ΔG showed that the reaction between compounds and α-syn is spontaneous, and ΔH is associated with an exothermic reaction, suggesting the interactions of hydrogen bonds among compounds and α-syn. Docking experiments reinforce this idea showing the intermolecular interactions are mostly hydrogen bonding within the sites 2, 9, and 3/13 of α-synuclein, and compounds 1 and 5. Thus, compound 1, rosmarinic acid, interestingly interacts better with site 9 through catechol and Lysines. In cultured Raw 264. 7 cells, the presence of compounds showed that most of them can promote cell differentiation, especially rosmarinic acid, and rosmanol, both preserving tubulin cytoskeleton. However, once we evaluated whether or not the aggregates pre-treated with compounds could prevent the disruption of microtubules of Raw 264.7 cells, only pre-treated aggregates with rosmarinic acid prevented the disruption of the cytoskeleton. Altogether, we showed that especially rosmarinic acid not only inhibits α-syn but stabilizes the remaining aggregates turning them into not-toxic to Raw 264.7 cells suggesting a main role in cell survival and antigen processing in response to external α-syn aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Flores
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Andrés Bello, Echaurren 183, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación En Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, C.P. 60209 Cuernavaca, Morelos. México
| | - Julio Caballero
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Modelling, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca 2 Norte 685, 3465548 Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física. Universidad de Santiago Avenida Ecuador 3493, 9170124, Chile; Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Bernardo ÓHiggins 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento de Física. Universidad de Santiago Avenida Ecuador 3493, 9170124, Chile; Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Bernardo ÓHiggins 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences., University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, 7800003 Santiago, Chile
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular Y Fotobiología, Departamento de Química Física, Escuela DeQuímica, Facultad de Química Y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Obispo Vielmo 62, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Andrés Bello, Echaurren 183, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Horgan NG, McCarty AM, Hetak AA, Penticoff HB, Fortin JS. Understanding alpha-synuclein aggregation propensity in animals and humans. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101810. [PMID: 39224226 PMCID: PMC11367636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of Parkinson's Disease (PD). This study aims to evaluate the aggregation propensity of α-syn fragment peptides designed using the variability found in humans and animals. Thioflavin T (ThT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to validate the formation of fibrils to identify important amino acid residues. Human α-syn fragments 51-75, 37-61, 62-86, 76-100, and 116-140 demonstrate a significantly higher tendency to aggregate compared to fragments 1-25, 26-50, and 91-115. All species analyzed of the α-syn 37-61 and 62-86 regions were shown to form fibrils on both ThT and TEM. The α-syn 37-61 and 62-86 fragment regions exhibited a high susceptibility to aggregation, with fibril formation observed in all species. The A53T mutation in several α-syn 37-61 fragments may enhance their propensity for aggregation, suggesting a correlation between this mutation and the capacity for fibril formation. Furthermore, the presence of the non-amyloid-β component (NAC) region, specifically in α-syn 62-86, was consistently observed in several fragments that displayed fibril formation, indicating a potential correlation between the NAC region and the process of fibril formation in α-syn. Finally, the combination of a high quantity of valine and a low quantity of acidic amino acids in these fragments may serve as indicators of α-syn fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G. Horgan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
| | - Annie M. McCarty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
| | - Ashley A. Hetak
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824, United States
| | - Hailey B. Penticoff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
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Raghavan A, Kashyap R, Sreedevi P, Jos S, Chatterjee S, Alex A, D’Souza MN, Giridharan M, Muddashetty R, Manjithaya R, Padavattan S, Nath S. Astroglia proliferate upon the biogenesis of tunneling nanotubes via α-synuclein dependent transient nuclear translocation of focal adhesion kinase. iScience 2024; 27:110565. [PMID: 39184442 PMCID: PMC11342280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Astroglia play crucial neuroprotective roles by internalizing pathogenic aggregates and facilitating their degradation. Here, we show that α-SYN protofibril-induced organelle toxicities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause premature cellular senescence in astrocytes and astrocyte-derived cancer cells, resulting in a transient increase in the biogenesis of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNT-biogenesis and TNT-mediated cell-to-cell transfer lead to clearance of α-SYN-induced organelle toxicities, reduction in cellular ROS levels, and reversal of cellular senescence. Enhanced cell proliferation is seen in the post-recovered cells after recovering from α-SYN-induced organelle toxicities. Further, we show that α-SYN-induced senescence promotes the transient localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the nucleus. FAK-mediated regulation of Rho-associated kinases plays a significant role in the biogenesis of TNTs and their subsequent proliferation. Our study emphasizes that TNT biogenesis has a potential role in the clearance of α-SYN-induced cellular toxicities, the consequences of which cause enhanced proliferation in the post-recovered astroglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Raghavan
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rachana Kashyap
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P. Sreedevi
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Jos
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suchana Chatterjee
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ann Alex
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Mridhula Giridharan
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sivaraman Padavattan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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4
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Ageta H, Nishioka T, Yamaguchi H, Tsuchida K, Ageta-Ishihara N. Comprehensive identification of ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3)-interacting proteins in the mouse brain. Mol Brain 2024; 17:57. [PMID: 39148092 PMCID: PMC11325695 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovery of novel post-translational modifications provides new insights into changes in protein function, localization, and stability. They are also key elements in understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. We have previously reported that ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) serves as a novel post-translational modifier that is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in addition to various other organs, and that 60% of proteins contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, are influenced by UBL3. In this study, we generated transgenic mice expressing biotinylated UBL3 in the forebrain under control of the alpha-CaMKII promoter (Ubl3Tg/+). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of UBL3 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was 6- to 7-fold higher than that in the cerebellum. Therefore, we performed immunoprecipitation of protein extracts from the cerebral cortex of Ubl3+/+ and Ubl3Tg/+ mice using avidin beads to comprehensively discover UBL3 interacting proteins, identifying 35 new UBL3 interacting proteins. Nine proteins were annotated as extracellular exosomes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested a new relationship between sEVs and RNA metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. We confirmed the association of endogenous UBL3 with the RNA-binding proteins FUS and HPRT1-both listed in the Neurodegenerative Diseases Variation Database (NDDVD)-and with LYPLA1, which is involved in Huntington's disease, using immunoprecipitation (IP)-western blotting analysis. These UBL3 interacting proteins will accelerate the continued elucidation of sEV research about proteins regulated by novel post-translational modifications by UBL3 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Open Facility Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi, 512-8045, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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5
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Sun X, Badachhape A, Bhandari P, Chin J, Annapragada A, Tanifum E. A dual target molecular magnetic resonance imaging probe for noninvasive profiling of pathologic alpha-synuclein and microgliosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1428736. [PMID: 39114484 PMCID: PMC11303179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1428736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive deposition of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of α-syn aggregate accumulation and neuroinflammation can elicit the underlying mechanisms involved in disease progression and facilitate the development of effective treatment as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Here we present a novel approach to simultaneously profile α-syn aggregation and reactive microgliosis in vivo, by targeting oligomeric α-syn in cerebrospinal fluid with nanoparticle bearing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast payload. In this proof-of-concept report we demonstrate, in vitro, that microglia and neuroblastoma cell lines internalize agglomerates formed by cross-linking the nanoparticles with oligomeric α-syn. Delayed in vivo MRI scans following intravenous administration of the nanoparticles in the M83 α-syn transgenic mouse line show statistically significant MR signal enhancement in test mice versus controls. The in vivo data were validated by ex-vivo immunohistochemical analysis which show strong correlation between in vivo MRI signal enhancement, Lewy pathology distribution, and microglia activity in the treated brain tissue. Furthermore, neuronal and microglial cells in brain tissue from treated mice display strong cytosolic signal originating from the nanoparticles, attributed to in vivo cell uptake of nanoparticle/oligomeric α-syn agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Badachhape
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prajwal Bhandari
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ananth Annapragada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric Tanifum
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Li B, Xiao X, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Modulating α-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102319. [PMID: 38719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of α-syn changes and different forms of α-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, α-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and corresponding clinical manifestations through abnormal aggregation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy axons in different types of neurons in PD. So far, PD lacks early diagnosis biomarkers, and treatments are mainly targeted at some clinical symptoms. There is no effective therapy to delay the progression of PD. This review first summarized the role of α-syn in physiological and pathological states, and the relationship between α-syn and PD. Then, we focused on the origin, secretion, aggregation, propagation and degradation of α-syn as well as the important regulatory factors in these processes systematically. Finally, we reviewed some potential drug candidates for alleviating the abnormal aggregation of α-syn in order to provide valuable targets for the treatment of PD to cope with the occurrence and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China; School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Hong J, Li Y, Chen L, Han D, Li Y, Mi X, Liu K, Wang Q, Song Y, Liu T, Yang N, Liu Y, Li Z, Guo X. A53T α-synuclein mutation increases susceptibility to postoperative delayed neurocognitive recovery via hippocampal Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116261. [PMID: 38705534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common complication in geriatric surgical patients. The impact of anesthesia and surgery on patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or prion disease, has not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between a pre-existing A53T genetic background, which involves a PD-related point mutation, and the development of postoperative dNCR. We observed that partial hepatectomy induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits in 5-month-old A53T transgenic mice, a model of early-stage PD without cognitive deficits, unlike in age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. We respectively examined molecular changes at 6 h, 1 day, and 2 days after partial hepatectomy and observed that cognitive changes were accompanied by weakened angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor [Ang-(1-7)/MasR] axis, increased alpha-synuclein (α-syn) expression and phosphorylation, decreased methylated protein phosphatase-2A (Me-PP2A), and prompted microglia M1 polarization and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus at 1 day after surgery. Nevertheless, no changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity or plasma α-syn levels in either A53T or WT mice. Furthermore, intranasal administration of selective MasR agonist AVE 0991, reversed the mentioned cognitive deficits in A53T mice, enhanced MasR expression, reduced α-syn accumulation and phosphorylation, and attenuated microglia activation and apoptotic response. Our findings suggest that individuals with the A53T genetic background may be more susceptible to developing postoperative dNCR. This susceptibility could be linked to central α-syn accumulation mediated by the weakened Ang-(1-7)/MasR/methyl-PP2A signaling pathway in the hippocampus following surgery, independent of plasma α-syn level and BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Tapia-Arellano A, Cabrera P, Cortés-Adasme E, Riveros A, Hassan N, Kogan MJ. Tau- and α-synuclein-targeted gold nanoparticles: applications, opportunities, and future outlooks in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:248. [PMID: 38741193 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level. They can be functionalized with specific molecules to selectively target pathological proteins such as Tau and α-synuclein for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Additionally, these proteins are used as diagnostic biomarkers, wherein gold nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing their signal, even at the low concentrations present in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, thus enabling an early and accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles act as drug delivery platforms, bringing therapeutic agents directly into the brain, improving treatment efficiency and precision, and reducing side effects in healthy tissues. However, despite the exciting potential of gold nanoparticles, it is crucial to address the challenges and issues associated with their use in the medical field before they can be widely applied in clinical settings. It is critical to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of these nanomaterials in the context of the central nervous system. Therefore, rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of these strategies in patients. Since there is scarce and sometimes contradictory literature about their use in this context, the main aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the current state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticles in relation to delivery, diagnosis, and therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as recent research about their use in preclinical, clinical, and emerging research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tapia-Arellano
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDT), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Pablo Cabrera
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Cortés-Adasme
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Riveros
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Hassan
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDT), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Facultad de Cs. Qcas. y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Bae EJ, Lee SJ. CRISPR-based identification of N-terminal acetylation in synucleinopathies. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:324-325. [PMID: 38553385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A recent study by Kumar et al. identified several biological pathways that regulate the levels of endogenous alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein). They specifically highlighted the N-terminal acetylation (NTA) pathway as an important factor in maintaining the stability of endogenous α-synuclein, suggesting targeting the NTA pathway as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Neuramedy Co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Liang X, Andrikopoulos N, Tang H, Wang Y, Ding F, Ke PC. Nanoplastic Stimulates the Amyloidogenesis of Parkinson's Alpha-Synuclein NACore. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308753. [PMID: 37988678 PMCID: PMC10994764 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental plastic wastes are potential health hazards due to their prevalence as well as their versatility in initiating physical, chemical, and biological interactions and transformations. Indeed, recent research has implicated the adverse effects of micro- and nano-plastics, including their neurotoxicity, yet how plastic particulates may impact the aggregation pathway and toxicity of amyloid proteins pertinent to the pathologies of neurological diseases remains unknown. Here, electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) is employed to reveal the polymorphic oligomerization of NACore, a surrogate of alpha-synuclein that is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. These data indicate that the production rate and population of the NACore oligomers are modulated by their exposure to a polystyrene nanoplastic, and these cellular assays further reveal an elevated NACore toxicity in microglial cells elicited by the nanoplastic. These simulations confirm that the nanoplastic-NACore association is promoted by their hydrophobic interactions. These findings are corroborated by an impairment in zebrafish hatching, survival, and development in vivo upon their embryonic exposure to the nanoplastic. Together, this study has uncovered the dynamics and mechanism of amyloidogenesis elevated by a nanoplastic trigger, shedding a new light on the neurological burden of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Huayuan Tang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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11
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Martinez Pomier K, Ahmed R, Huang J, Melacini G. Inhibition of toxic metal-alpha synuclein interactions by human serum albumin. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3502-3515. [PMID: 38455030 PMCID: PMC10915811 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, not only serves as a crucial carrier of various exogenous and endogenous ligands but also modulates the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, including alpha synuclein (αSyn), which is associated with Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathies. HSA decreases αSyn toxicity through the direct binding to monomeric and oligomeric αSyn species. However, it is possible that HSA also sequesters metal ions that otherwise promote aggregation. Cu(ii) ions, for example, enhance αSyn fibrillization in vitro, while also leading to neurotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is currently unclear if and how HSA affects Cu(ii)-binding to αSyn. Using an integrated set of NMR experiments, we show that HSA is able to chelate Cu(ii) ions from αSyn more efficiently than standard chelators such as EDTA, revealing an unexpected cooperativity between the HSA metal-binding sites. Notably, fatty acid binding to HSA perturbs this cooperativity, thus interfering with the sequestration of Cu(ii) ions from αSyn. We also observed that glycation of HSA diminished Cu(ii)-binding affinity, while largely preserving the degree of cooperativity between the HSA metal-binding sites. Additionally, our results show that Cu(ii)-binding to HSA stabilizes the interactions of HSA with αSyn primarily at two different regions, i.e. the N-terminus, Tyr 39 and the majority of the C-terminus. Our study not only unveils the effect of fatty acid binding and age-related posttranslational modifications, such as glycation, on the neuroprotective mechanisms of HSA, but also highlights the potential of αSyn as a viable NMR-based sensor to investigate HSA-metal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University ON L8S 4M1 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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12
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Vicente M, Addo-Osafo K, Vossel K. Latest advances in mechanisms of epileptic activity in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1277613. [PMID: 38390593 PMCID: PMC10882721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1277613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) stand as the prevailing sources of neurodegenerative dementia, impacting over 55 million individuals across the globe. Patients with AD and DLB exhibit a higher prevalence of epileptic activity compared to those with other forms of dementia. Seizures can accompany AD and DLB in early stages, and the associated epileptic activity can contribute to cognitive symptoms and exacerbate cognitive decline. Aberrant neuronal activity in AD and DLB may be caused by several mechanisms that are not yet understood. Hyperexcitability could be a biomarker for early detection of AD or DLB before the onset of dementia. In this review, we compare and contrast mechanisms of network hyperexcitability in AD and DLB. We examine the contributions of genetic risk factors, Ca2+ dysregulation, glutamate, AMPA and NMDA receptors, mTOR, pathological amyloid beta, tau and α-synuclein, altered microglial and astrocytic activity, and impaired inhibitory interneuron function. By gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause neuronal hyperexcitability, we might uncover therapeutic approaches to effectively ease symptoms and slow down the advancement of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Vicente
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kwaku Addo-Osafo
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith Vossel
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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So YJ, Lee JU, Yang GS, Yang G, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JU. The Potentiality of Natural Products and Herbal Medicine as Novel Medications for Parkinson's Disease: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1071. [PMID: 38256144 PMCID: PMC10816678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily on the rise. PD demonstrates chronic and progressive characteristics, and many cases can transition into dementia. This increases societal and economic burdens, emphasizing the need to find effective treatments. Among the widely recognized causes of PD is the abnormal accumulation of proteins, and autophagy dysfunction accelerates this accumulation. The resultant Lewy bodies are also commonly found in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting an increased potential for the onset of dementia. Additionally, the production of free radicals due to mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neuronal damage and degeneration. The activation of astrocytes and the M1 phenotype of microglia promote damage to dopamine neurons. The drugs currently used for PD only delay the clinical progression and exacerbation of the disease without targeting its root cause, and come with various side effects. Thus, there is a demand for treatments with fewer side effects, with much potential offered by natural products. In this study, we reviewed a total of 14 articles related to herbal medicines and natural products and investigated their relevance to possible PD treatment. The results showed that the reviewed herbal medicines and natural products are effective against lysosomal disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, key mechanisms underlying PD. Therefore, natural products and herbal medicines can reduce neurotoxicity and might improve both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with PD. Furthermore, these products, with their multi-target effects, enhance bioavailability, inhibit antibiotic resistance, and might additionally eliminate side effects, making them good alternative therapies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin So
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Seung Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
- Da CaPo Co., Ltd., 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
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14
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Prymaczok NC, De Francesco PN, Mazzetti S, Humbert-Claude M, Tenenbaum L, Cappelletti G, Masliah E, Perello M, Riek R, Gerez JA. Cell-to-cell transmitted alpha-synuclein recapitulates experimental Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38184623 PMCID: PMC10771530 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Lewy bodies can arise from the cell-to-cell propagation of αSyn, which can occur via sequential steps of secretion and uptake. Here, by fusing a removable short signal peptide to the N-terminus of αSyn, we developed a novel mouse model with enhanced αSyn secretion and cell-to-cell transmission. Expression of the secreted αSyn in the mouse brain was under the control of a novel hybrid promoter in combination with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9). This combination of promoter and viral vector induced a robust expression in neurons but not in the glia of injected mice. Biochemical characterization of the secreted αSyn revealed that, in cultured cells, this protein is released to the extracellular milieu via conventional secretion. The released αSyn is then internalized and processed by acceptor cells via the endosome-lysosome pathway indicating that the secreted αSyn is cell-to-cell transmitted. The secreted αSyn is aggregation-prone and amyloidogenic, and when expressed in the brain of wild-type non-transgenic mice, it induces a Parkinson's disease-like phenotype that includes a robust αSyn pathology in the substantia nigra, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and motor deficits, all the key features of experimental animal models of Parkinson's disease. In summary, a novel animal model of Parkinson's disease based on enhanced cell-to-cell transmission of αSyn was developed. The neuron-produced cell-to-cell transmitted αSyn triggers all phenotypic features of experimental Parkinson's disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cecilia Prymaczok
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH, 7201, Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roland Riek
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Atilio Gerez
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Huang J, Ahmed R, Akimoto M, Martinez Pomier K, Melacini G. Early-Onset Parkinson Mutation Remodels Monomer-Fibril Interactions to Allosterically Amplify Synuclein's Amyloid Cascade. JACS AU 2023; 3:3485-3493. [PMID: 38155658 PMCID: PMC10751762 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Alpha synuclein (αS) aggregates are the main component of Lewy bodies (LBs) associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). A longstanding question about αS and PD pertains to the autosomal dominant E46K αS mutant, which leads to the early onset of PD and LB dementias. The E46K mutation not only promotes αS aggregation but also stabilizes αS monomers in "closed" conformers, which are compact and aggregation-incompetent. Hence, the mechanism of action of the E46K mutation is currently unclear. Here, we show that αS monomers harboring the E46K mutation exhibit more extensive interactions with fibrils compared to those of WT. Such monomer-fibril interactions are sufficient to allosterically drive transitions of αS monomers from closed to open conformations, enabling αS aggregation. We also show that E46K promotes head-to-tail monomer-monomer interactions in early self-association events. This multipronged mechanism provides a new framework to explain how the E46K mutation and possibly other αS variants trigger early-onset PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Madoka Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Karla Martinez Pomier
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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16
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Shin YJ, Kim YJ, Lee JE, Kim YS, Lee JW, Kim H, Shin JY, Lee PH. Uric acid regulates α-synuclein transmission in Parkinsonian models. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1117491. [PMID: 37711993 PMCID: PMC10497982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence demonstrates that α-synuclein (α-syn) has a critical role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with evidence indicating that its propagation from one area of the brain to others may be the primary mechanism for disease progression. Uric acid (UA), a natural antioxidant, has been proposed as a potential disease modifying candidate in PD. In the present study, we investigated whether UA treatment modulates cell-to-cell transmission of extracellular α-syn and protects dopaminergic neurons in the α-syn-enriched model. In a cellular model, UA treatment decreased internalized cytosolic α-syn levels and neuron-to-neuron transmission of α-syn in donor-acceptor cell models by modulating dynamin-mediated and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, UA elevation in α-syn-inoculated mice inhibited propagation of extracellular α-syn which decreased expression of phosphorylated α-syn in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to their increased survival. UA treatment did not lead to change in markers related with autophagolysosomal and microglial activity under the same experimental conditions. These findings suggest UA may control the pathological conditions of PD via additive mechanisms which modulate the propagation of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Seul Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wook Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonJeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wang Z, Song Z, Zhou C, Fang Y, Gu L, Yang W, Gao T, Si X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Guan X, Guo T, Wu J, Bai X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Pu J. Reduced coupling of global brain function and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Parkinson's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1328-1339. [PMID: 36927139 PMCID: PMC10369155 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231164337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the glymphatic system, an intracranial clearance pathway that drains misfolded proteins, has been implicated in the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the coupling strength of global blood-oxygen-level-dependent (gBOLD) signals and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow dynamics have been suggested to be an indicator of glymphatic function. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we quantified gBOLD-CSF coupling strength as the cross-correlation between baseline gBOLD and CSF inflow signals to evaluate glymphatic function and its association with the clinical manifestations of PD. We found that gBOLD-CSF coupling in drug-naïve PD patients was significantly weaker than that in normal controls, but significantly stronger in patients less affected by sleep disturbances than in those more affected by sleep disturbances, based on the PD sleep scale. Furthermore, we collected longitudinal data from patients and found that baseline gBOLD-CSF coupling negatively correlated with the rate of change over time, but positively correlated with the rate of change in UPDRS-III scores. In conclusion, severe gBOLD-CSF decoupling in PD patients may reflect longitudinal motor impairment, thereby providing a potential marker of glymphatic dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Luyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xueqing Bai
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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18
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Loveland PM, Yu JJ, Churilov L, Yassi N, Watson R. Investigation of Inflammation in Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12116. [PMID: 37569491 PMCID: PMC10418754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia (LBD). Our objectives were to, firstly, review inflammation investigation methods in LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia) and, secondly, identify alterations in inflammatory signals in LBD compared to people without neurodegenerative disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic scoping review was performed by searching major electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PSYCHInfo) to identify relevant human studies. Of the 2509 results screened, 80 studies were included. Thirty-six studies analyzed postmortem brain tissue, and 44 investigated living subjects with cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and/or brain imaging assessments. Largely cross-sectional data were available, although two longitudinal clinical studies investigated prodromal Lewy body disease. Investigations were focused on inflammatory immune cell activity (microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes) and inflammatory molecules (cytokines, etc.). Results of the included studies identified innate and adaptive immune system contributions to inflammation associated with Lewy body pathology and clinical disease features. Different signals in early and late-stage disease, with possible late immune senescence and dystrophic glial cell populations, were identified. The strength of these associations is limited by the varying methodologies, small study sizes, and cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal studies investigating associations with clinical and other biomarker outcomes are needed to improve understanding of inflammatory activity over the course of LBD. This could identify markers of disease activity and support therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Loveland
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Jenny J. Yu
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Rosie Watson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
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19
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Min JO, Ho HA, Lee W, Jung BC, Park SJ, Kim S, Lee SJ. Statins suppress cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein by lowering cholesterol. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:474. [PMID: 37500624 PMCID: PMC10374525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell propagation of protein aggregates has been implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism and modulators of this process are not fully understood. Here, we screened a small-molecule library in a search for agents that suppress the propagation of α-synuclein and mutant huntingtin (mHtt). These screens yielded several molecules, some of which were effective against both α-synuclein and mHtt. Among these molecules, we focused on simvastatin and pravastatin. Simvastatin administration in a transgenic model of synucleinopathy effectively ameliorated behavioral deficits and α-synuclein accumulation, whereas pravastatin had no effect. Because only simvastatin enters the brain effectively, these results suggest that inhibition of brain cholesterol synthesis is important in simvastatin effects. In cultured cells, accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, induced by genetic ablation of the NPC1 gene or by pharmacological treatment with U18666A, increased α-synuclein aggregation and secretion. In contrast, lowering cholesterol using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or statins reversed α-synuclein aggregation and secretion in NPC1-knockout cells. Consistent with these observations, feeding a high-fat diet aggravated α-synuclein pathology and behavioral deficits in the preformed fibril-injected mouse model, an effect that was also reversed by simvastatin administration. These results suggest that statins suppress propagation of protein aggregates by lowering cholesterol in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ok Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Anh Ho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sung Jun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kang SG, Kim C, Aiken J, McKenzie D. Innate Immune Status of Glia Modulates Prion Propagation in Early Stage of Infection. Cells 2023; 12:1878. [PMID: 37508542 PMCID: PMC10378504 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and various mammals. The prominent neuropathological change in prion-affected brains is neuroinflammation, histopathologically characterized by reactive gliosis surrounding prion deposition. The cause and effect of these cellular responses are still unclear. Here we investigate the impact of innate immune responses on prion replication using in vitro cell culture models. Hamster-adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy prions, hyper (HY) and drowsy (DY) strains, were assayed for accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in primary glial cultures derived from 8-day-old hamster pups. The kinetics of PrPSc accumulation largely depended on prion strain and brain regions from where glial cells originated. Glial cells derived from the cerebellum were susceptible to HY, but resistant to DY strain as determined by western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and animal bioassay. Glial cells from the cerebral cortex were, however, refractory to both strains. PrPSc accumulation was affected by innate immune modulators. Priming glial cells with lipopolysaccharide decreased prion replication, whereas pre-treatment with dexamethasone, inhibiting innate immunity, increased susceptibility to DY infection. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation resulting from prion infection is a response to resolve and/or prevent prion propagation in the brain. It implies a therapeutic potential of innate immune modulation in the early stages of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gyun Kang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Chiye Kim
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Judd Aiken
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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21
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Chatila ZK, Yadav A, Mares J, Flowers X, Yun TD, Rashid M, Talcoff R, Pelly Z, Zhang Y, De Jager PL, Teich A, Costa R, Gomez EA, Martins G, Alcalay R, Vonsattel JP, Menon V, Bradshaw EM, Przedborski S. RNA- and ATAC-sequencing Reveals a Unique CD83+ Microglial Population Focally Depleted in Parkinson's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.540842. [PMID: 37292857 PMCID: PMC10245789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.540842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All brain areas affected in Parkinson's disease (PD) show an abundance of microglia with an activated morphology together with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that neuroinflammation may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in this common and incurable disorder. We applied a single nucleus RNA- and ATAC-sequencing approach using the 10x Genomics Chromium platform to postmortem PD samples to investigate microglial heterogeneity in PD. We created a multiomic dataset using substantia nigra (SN) tissues from 19 PD donors and 14 non-PD controls (NPCs), as well as three other brain regions from the PD donors which are differentially affected in this disease: the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia inominata (SI), and hypothalamus (HypoTs). We identified thirteen microglial subpopulations within these tissues as well as a perivascular macrophage and a monocyte population, of which we characterized the transcriptional and chromatin repertoires. Using this data, we investigated whether these microglial subpopulations have any association with PD and whether they have regional specificity. We uncovered several changes in microglial subpopulations in PD, which appear to parallel the magnitude of neurodegeneration across these four selected brain regions. Specifically, we identified that inflammatory microglia in PD are more prevalent in the SN and differentially express PD-associated markers. Our analysis revealed the depletion of a CD83 and HIF1A- expressing microglial subpopulation, specifically in the SN in PD, that has a unique chromatin signature compared to other microglial subpopulations. Interestingly, this microglial subpopulation has regional specificity to the brainstem in non-disease tissues. Furthermore, it is highly enriched for transcripts of proteins involved in antigen presentation and heat-shock proteins, and its depletion in the PD SN may have implications for neuronal vulnerability in disease.
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22
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Lee HJ, Yoon YS, Lee SJ. Molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Biol 2023:168114. [PMID: 37085010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by several pathological features, including selective neuronal loss, aggregation of specific proteins, and chronic inflammation. Aging is the most critical risk factor of these disorders. However, the mechanism by which aging contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is not clearly understood. Cellular senescence is a cell state or fate in response to stimuli. It is typically associated with a series of changes in cellular phenotypes such as abnormal cellular metabolism and proteostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased secretion of certain molecules via senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss how cellular senescence contributes to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the relationship between protein aggregation and cellular senescence. Finally, we discuss the potential of senescence modifiers and senolytics in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ye-Seul Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuramedy, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, He XZ, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Li X, Xue R, Gui Q, Zhang GX, Wang LH. Interaction Between the Glymphatic System and α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2209-2222. [PMID: 36637746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glymphatic system contributes to the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. However, whether the system is involved in the removal of α-synuclein (α-syn) and whether it is suppressed in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In mice receiving the intranigral injection of recombinant human α-syn, we found that the glymphatic suppression via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene deletion or acetazolamide treatment reduced the clearance of injected α-syn from the brain. In mice overexpressing the human A53T-α-syn, we revealed that AQP4 deficiency accelerated the accumulation of α-syn, facilitated the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accelerated PD-like symptoms. We also found that the overexpression of A53T-α-syn reduced the expression/polarization of AQP4 and suppressed the glymphatic activity of mice. The study demonstrates a close interaction between the AQP4-mediated glymphatic system and parenchymal α-syn, indicating that restoring the glymphatic activity is a potential therapeutic target to delay PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Zhong He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cai Meng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Mao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, 26 Dao-Qian Street, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Kang YJ, Xue Y, Shin JH, Cho H. Human mini-brains for reconstituting central nervous system disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:964-981. [PMID: 36644973 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) are progressive and irreversible diseases leading to devastating impacts on patients' life as they cause cognitive impairment, dementia, and even loss of essential body functions. The development of effective medicines curing CNS disorders is, however, one of the most ambitious challenges due to the extremely complex functions and structures of the human brain. In this regard, there are unmet needs to develop simplified but physiopathologically-relevant brain models. Recent advances in the microfluidic techniques allow multicellular culture forming miniaturized 3D human brains by aligning parts of brain regions with specific cells serving suitable functions. In this review, we overview designs and strategies of microfluidics-based human mini-brains for reconstituting CNS disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), vascular dementia (VD), and environmental risk factor-driven dementia (ERFD). Afterward, the applications of the mini-brains in the area of medical science are introduced in terms of the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms and identification of promising biomarkers. We also present expanded model systems ranging from the CNS to CNS-connecting organ axes to study the entry pathways of pathological risk factors into the brain. Lastly, the advantages and potential challenges of current model systems are addressed with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqi Xue
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Shin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Tsitokana ME, Lafon PA, Prézeau L, Pin JP, Rondard P. Targeting the Brain with Single-Domain Antibodies: Greater Potential Than Stated So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032632. [PMID: 36768953 PMCID: PMC9916958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for central nervous system diseases with therapeutic antibodies have been increasingly investigated over the last decades, leading to some approved monoclonal antibodies for brain disease therapies. The detection of biomarkers for diagnosis purposes with non-invasive antibody-based imaging approaches has also been explored in brain cancers. However, antibodies generally display a low capability of reaching the brain, as they do not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. As an alternative, recent studies have focused on single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) that correspond to the antigen-binding fragment. While some reports indicate that the brain uptake of these small antibodies is still low, the number of studies reporting brain-penetrating sdAbs is increasing. In this review, we provide an overview of methods used to assess or evaluate brain penetration of sdAbs and discuss the pros and cons that could affect the identification of brain-penetrating sdAbs of therapeutic or diagnostic interest.
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26
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Guo ZH, Khattak S, Rauf MA, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Razak S, Yang CY, Wu DD, Ji XY. Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:1283. [PMID: 36770950 PMCID: PMC9921752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal approaches deliver valuable cargos targeting molecular and cellular processes with greater safety, efficacy, and specificity than traditional approaches. CNS diseases include a wide range of brain ailments connected to short- and long-term disability. They affect millions of people worldwide and are anticipated to become more common in the coming years. Nanotechnology-based brain therapy could solve the BBB problem. This review analyzes nanomedicine's role in medication delivery; immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy are combined with nanomedicines to treat CNS disorders. We also evaluated nanotechnology-based approaches for CNS disease amelioration, with the intention of stimulating the immune system by delivering medications across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Guo
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 54 East Caizhengting St., Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Razak
- Dow Medical College, John Hopkins Medical Center, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Yang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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27
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Richter F, Stanojlovic M, Käufer C, Gericke B, Feja M. A Mouse Model to Test Novel Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease: an Update on the Thy1-aSyn ("line 61") Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:97-116. [PMID: 36715870 PMCID: PMC10119371 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of neuroprotective therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD) is facing a lack of translation from pre-clinical to clinical trials. One strategy for improvement is to increase predictive validity of pre-clinical studies by using extensively characterized animal models with a comprehensive set of validated pharmacodynamic readouts. Mice over-expressing full-length, human, wild-type alpha-synuclein under the Thy-1 promoter (Thy1-aSyn line 61) reproduce key features of sporadic PD, such as progressive loss of striatal dopamine, alpha-synuclein pathology, deficits in motor and non-motor functions, and elevation of inflammatory markers. Extensive work with this model by multiple laboratories over the past decade further increased confidence in its robustness and validity, especially for analyzing pathomechanisms of alpha-synuclein pathology and down-stream pathways, and for pre-clinical drug testing. Interestingly, while postnatal transgene expression is widespread in central and peripheral neurons, the extent and progression of down-stream pathology differs between brain regions, thereby replicating the characteristic selective vulnerability of neurodegenerative diseases. In-depth characterization of these readouts in conjunction with behavioral deficits has led to more informative endpoints for pre-clinical trials. Each drug tested in Thy1-aSyn line 61 enhances knowledge on how molecular targets, pathology, and functional behavioral readouts are interconnected, thereby further optimizing the platform towards predictive validity for clinical trials. Here, we present the current state of the art using Thy1-aSyn line 61 for drug target discovery, validation, and pre-clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Käufer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Vaikath N, Sudhakaran I, Abdi I, Gupta V, Majbour N, Ghanem S, Abdesselem H, Vekrellis K, El-Agnaf O. Structural and Biophysical Characterization of Stable Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314630. [PMID: 36498957 PMCID: PMC9740078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils is an important pathogenic feature of synucleinopatheis, including Parkinson's disease (PD). A further characteristic of PD is the oxidative stress that results in the formation of aldehydes by lipid peroxidation. It has been reported that the brains of deceased patients with PD contain high levels of protein oligomers that are cross-linked to these aldehydes. Increasing evidence also suggests that prefibrillar oligomeric species are more toxic than the mature amyloid fibrils. However, due to the heterogenous and metastable nature, characterization of the α-syn oligomeric species has been challenging. Here, we generated and characterized distinct α-syn oligomers in vitro in the presence of DA and lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). HNE and ONE oligomer were stable towards the treatment with SDS, urea, and temperature. The secondary structure analysis revealed that only HNE and ONE oligomers contain β-sheet content. In the seeding assay, both DA and ONE oligomers significantly accelerated the aggregation. Furthermore, all oligomeric preparations were found to seed the aggregation of α-syn monomers in vitro and found to be cytotoxic when added to SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, both HNE and ONE α-syn oligomers can be used as a calibrator in an α-syn oligomers-specific ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Indulekha Sudhakaran
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Ilham Abdi
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Nour Majbour
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Simona Ghanem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
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29
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Pirhaghi M, Frank SA, Alam P, Nielsen J, Sereikaite V, Gupta A, Strømgaard K, Andreasen M, Sharma D, Saboury AA, Otzen DE. A penetratin-derived peptide reduces the membrane permeabilization and cell toxicity of α-synuclein oligomers. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102688. [PMID: 36370848 PMCID: PMC9791135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder associated with the intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Cytotoxicity is mainly associated with the oligomeric species (αSOs) formed at early stages in α-syn aggregation. Consequently, there is an intense focus on the discovery of novel inhibitors such as peptides to inhibit oligomer formation and toxicity. Here, using peptide arrays, we identified nine peptides with high specificity and affinity for αSOs. Of these, peptides p194, p235, and p249 diverted α-syn aggregation from fibrils to amorphous aggregates with reduced β-structures and increased random coil content. However, they did not reduce αSO cytotoxicity and permeabilization of large anionic unilamellar vesicles. In parallel, we identified a non-self-aggregating peptide (p216), derived from the cell-penetrating peptide penetratin, which showed 12-fold higher binding affinity to αSOs than to α-syn monomers (Kdapp 2.7 and 31.2 μM, respectively). p216 reduced αSOs-induced large anionic unilamellar vesicle membrane permeability at 10-1 to 10-3 mg/ml by almost 100%, was not toxic to SH-SY5Y cells, and reduced αSOs cytotoxicity by about 20%. We conclude that p216 is a promising starting point from which to develop peptides targeting toxic αSOs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Signe Andrea Frank
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vita Sereikaite
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Maria Andreasen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India; G.N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Kaide S, Watanabe H, Iikuni S, Hasegawa M, Ono M. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Chalcone Analogue for Detection of α-Synuclein Aggregates in the Brain Using the Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2982-2990. [PMID: 36197745 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brains of patients with synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates deposit abnormally to induce neurodegeneration, although the mechanism is unclear. Thus, in vivo imaging studies targeting α-syn aggregates have attracted much attention to guide medical intervention against synucleinopathy. In our previous study, a chalcone analogue, [125I]PHNP-3, functioned as a feasible probe in terms of α-syn binding in vitro; however, it did not migrate to the mouse brain, and further improvement of brain uptake was required. In the present study, we designed and synthesized two novel 18F-labeled chalcone analogues, [18F]FHCL-1 and [18F]FHCL-2, using a central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS MPO) algorithm with the aim of improving blood-brain barrier permeation in the mouse brain. Then, we evaluated their utility for in vivo imaging of α-syn aggregates using a mouse model. In the competitive inhibition assay, both chalcone analogues exhibited high binding affinity for α-syn aggregates (Ki = 2.6 and 3.4 nM, respectively), while no marked amyloid β (Aβ)-binding was observed. The 18F-labeling reaction was successfully performed. In a biodistribution experiment, brain uptake of both chalcone analogues in normal mice (2.09 and 2.40% injected dose/gram (% ID/g) at 2 min postinjection, respectively) was higher than that of [125I]PHNP-3, suggesting that the introduction of 18F into the chalcone analogue led to an improvement in brain uptake in mice while maintaining favorable binding ability for α-syn aggregates. Furthermore, in an ex vivo autoradiography experiment, [18F]FHCL-2 showed the feasibility of the detection of α-syn aggregates in the mouse brain in vivo. These preclinical studies demonstrated the validity of the design of α-syn-targeting probes based on the CNS MPO score and the possibility of in vivo imaging of α-syn aggregates in a mouse model using 18F-labeled chalcone analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kaide
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Al-Harthi S, Kharchenko V, Mandal P, Gourdoupis S, Jaremko Ł. Zinc ions prevent α-synuclein aggregation by enhancing chaperone function of human serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2878-2887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Borland H, Rasmussen I, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Rasmussen M, Olsen A, Vilhardt F. α-synuclein build-up is alleviated via ESCRT-dependent endosomal degradation brought about by p38MAPK inhibition in cells expressing p25α. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102531. [PMID: 36162505 PMCID: PMC9637583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synucleinopathy is driven by an imbalance of synthesis and degradation of α-synuclein (αSyn), causing a build up of αSyn aggregates and post-translationally modified species, which not only interfere with normal cellular metabolism but also by their secretion propagates the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of αSyn degradation pathways is needed to address α-synucleinopathy. Here, we used the nerve growth factor–differentiated catecholaminergic PC12 neuronal cell line, which was conferred α-synucleinopathy by inducible expression of αSyn and tubulin polymerization-promoting protein p25α. p25α aggregates αSyn, and imposes a partial autophagosome–lysosome block to mimic aspects of lysosomal deficiency common in neurodegenerative disease. Under basal conditions, αSyn was degraded by multiple pathways but most prominently by macroautophagy and Nedd4/Ndfip1-mediated degradation. We found that expression of p25α induced strong p38MAPK activity. Remarkably, when opposed by inhibitor SB203580 or p38MAPK shRNA knockdown, endolysosomal localization and degradation of αSyn increased, and αSyn secretion and cytotoxicity decreased. This effect was specifically dependent on Hsc70 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, but different from classical microautophagy, as the αSyn Hsc70 binding motif was unnecessary. Furthermore, in a primary neuronal (h)-αSyn seeding model, p38MAPK inhibition decreased pathological accumulation of phosphorylated serine-129-αSyn and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p38MAPK inhibition shifts αSyn degradation from various forms of autophagy to an endosomal sorting complex required for transport–dependent uptake mechanism, resulting in increased αSyn turnover and cell viability in p25α-expressing cells. More generally, our results suggest that under conditions of autophagolysosomal malfunction, the uninterrupted endosomal pathway offers a possibility to achieve disease-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Borland
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark; Dept. of Cell Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Izabela Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | | | - Michel Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | - Anders Olsen
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience, The Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Amyloid fibrils act as a reservoir of soluble oligomers, the main culprits in protein deposition diseases. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200086. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of Biochemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
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Kim Y, Geng L, Lenhart AE, Li J, Dauer WT, Kennedy RT. Measurement of α-Synuclein Dynamics In Vivo Using Microdialysis with a Novel Homogeneous Immunoassay. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2557-2564. [PMID: 35959902 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of α-synuclein release could be important in better understanding Parkinson's disease development, progression, and treatment. Advances in such studies are hindered by technical challenges that limit the ability to monitor α-synuclein concentration in vivo. We developed a novel α-synuclein microdialysis method coupled with a specific and sensitive immunoassay that requires a small sample volume (1 μL). Using this method, basal α-synuclein level was estimated at 254 ± 78 pM in the striatum of freely moving mice. Additionally, we observed that potassium (75 mM) and nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) administration significantly increased α-synuclein in dialysates. These results provide evidence that the methods we report here can be useful to investigate the physiological roles of α-synuclein and support the idea that α-synuclein is secreted to the extracellular space in a neuronal activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lequn Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashley E Lenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay Li
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Iba M, McDevitt RA, Kim C, Roy R, Sarantopoulou D, Tommer E, Siegars B, Sallin M, Kwon S, Sen JM, Sen R, Masliah E. Aging exacerbates the brain inflammatory micro-environment contributing to α-synuclein pathology and functional deficits in a mouse model of DLB/PD. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:60. [PMID: 36064424 PMCID: PMC9447339 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ɑ-synuclein (ɑ-syn) spreading in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been extensively investigated, the role of aging in the manifestation of disease remains unclear. METHODS We explored the role of aging and inflammation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies in a mouse model of DLB/PD initiated by intrastriatal injection of ɑ-syn preformed fibrils (pff). RESULTS We found that aged mice showed more extensive accumulation of ɑ-syn in selected brain regions and behavioral deficits that were associated with greater infiltration of T cells and microgliosis. Microglial inflammatory gene expression induced by ɑ-syn-pff injection in young mice had hallmarks of aged microglia, indicating that enhanced age-associated pathologies may result from inflammatory synergy between aging and the effects of ɑ-syn aggregation. Based on the transcriptomics analysis projected from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found a network that included colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), LPS related genes, TNFɑ and poly rl:rC-RNA as common regulators. CONCLUSIONS We propose that aging related inflammation (eg: CSF2) influences outcomes of pathological spreading of ɑ-syn and suggest that targeting neuro-immune responses might be important in developing treatments for DLB/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Mouse Phenotyping Unit, Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roshni Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ella Tommer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Byron Siegars
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michelle Sallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jyoti Misra Sen
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Immunology Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Immunology Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Oizumi H, Yamasaki K, Suzuki H, Ohshiro S, Saito Y, Murayama S, Sugimura Y, Hasegawa T, Fukunaga K, Takeda A. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in Iba1-positive macrophages in the skin of patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1136-1146. [PMID: 35750465 PMCID: PMC9380156 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in cholinergic and adrenergic fibers in the skin is a useful biomarker to diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). It has been widely reported that phosphorylated αSyn (p-αSyn) deposits in autonomic fibers in IPD are a biomarker in the skin, but other tissue localizations have not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE It has been previously suggested that αSyn aggregates activate peripheral macrophages and that peripheral macrophages ingest pathological αsyn aggregates in aged rats or IPD patients. However, it remains to be elucidated whether peripheral macrophages in the skin of IPD patients accumulate αSyn. We evaluated whether (1) p-αSyn deposits in dermal macrophages might represent a useful biomarker for IPD and (2) dermal macrophages play a role in the underlying pathogenesis of IPD. METHODS We performed an immunohistological analysis of skin biopsy specimens from IPD patients and controls. RESULTS We found that (1) p-αSyn accumulation is present in dermal macrophages in skin biopsy specimens from patients with IPD, (2) not only dermal adrenergic fibers with p-αSyn deposits but also dermal macrophages with p-αSyn deposits are useful biomarkers for IPD patients and (3) the number of macrophages was significantly positively correlated with the number of macrophages with p-αSyn deposits in the dermis of IPD patients. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that dermal macrophages, which are innate immune cells, play an important role in IPD patients and are a novel biomarker for IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Oizumi
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of DermatologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Sendai Medical CenterSendaiJapan
| | - Saki Ohshiro
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Sugimura
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of NeurologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSendaiJapan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
- Department of Cognitive and Motor AgingTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Rani L, Ranjan Sahu M, Chandra Mondal A. Age-related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: New Insights Into the Disease Pathology. Neuroscience 2022; 499:152-169. [PMID: 35839924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive loss of physiological function that increases risk of disease and death. Among the many factors that contribute to human aging, mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one of the most prominent features of the aging process. It has been linked to the development of various age-related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria has a complex quality control system that ensures mitochondrial integrity and function. Perturbations in these mitochondrial mechanisms have long been linked to various age-related neurological disorders. Even though research has shed light on several aspects of the disease pathology, the underlying mechanism of age-related factors responsible for individuals developing this disease is still unknown. This review article aims to discuss the role of mitochondria in the transition from normal brain aging to pathological brain aging, which leads to the progression of PD. We have discussed the emerging evidence on how age-related disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms contributes to the development of PD-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchi Rani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Qadirifard MS, Kosari M, Naghsh N, Asgari taei A, Klegeris A, Dehghani M, Bahrami A, Taheri H, Mohamadkhani A, Hajibeygi R, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri F. Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:855776. [PMID: 35912090 PMCID: PMC9327618 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.855776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neuroinflammation, formation of Lewy bodies, and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. In this review, we summarize evidence obtained by animal studies demonstrating neuroinflammation as one of the central pathogenetic mechanisms of PD. We also focus on the protein factors that initiate the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our targeted literature search identified 40 pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies written in English. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway is demonstrated as a common mechanism engaged by neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), as well as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The α-synuclein protein, which plays a prominent role in PD neuropathology, may also contribute to neuroinflammation by activating mast cells. Meanwhile, 6-OHDA models of PD identify microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as one of the contributors to neuroinflammatory processes in this model. Immune responses are used by the central nervous system to fight and remove pathogens; however, hyperactivated and prolonged immune responses can lead to a harmful neuroinflammatory state, which is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Qadirifard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kosari
- The First Clinical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Dehghani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Dental School, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
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Bae EJ, Choi M, Kim JT, Kim DK, Jung MK, Kim C, Kim TK, Lee JS, Jung BC, Shin SJ, Rhee KH, Lee SJ. TNF-α promotes α-synuclein propagation through stimulation of senescence-associated lysosomal exocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:788-800. [PMID: 35790884 PMCID: PMC9352737 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein is thought to be the underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease progression. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the propagation of protein aggregates. However, the mechanism by which inflammation regulates the propagation of aggregates remains unknown. Here, using in vitro cultures, we found that soluble factors secreted from activated microglia promote cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein and further showed that among these soluble factors, TNF-α had the most robust stimulatory activity. Treatment of neurons with TNF-α triggered cellular senescence, as shown by transcriptomic analyses demonstrating induction of senescence-associated genes and immunoanalysis of senescence phenotype marker proteins. Interestingly, secretion of α-synuclein was increased in senescent neurons, reflecting acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Using vacuolin-1, an inhibitor of lysosomal exocytosis, and RNAi against rab27a, we demonstrated that the SASP was mediated by lysosomal exocytosis. Correlative light and electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that propagating α-synuclein aggregates were present in electron-dense lysosome-like compartments. TNF-α promoted the SASP through stimulation of lysosomal exocytosis, thereby increasing the secretion of α-synuclein. Collectively, these results suggest that TNF-α is the major inflammatory factor that drives cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein by promoting the SASP and subsequent secretion of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jung
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 05541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Soo Jean Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Lopez-Cuina M, Meissner WG. Targeting alpha-synuclein or tau for treating neurodegenerative movement disorders. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:460-471. [PMID: 35562199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The two commonest groups of neurodegenerative disorders causing movement disorders are synucleinopathies and tauopathies. These disorders are characterised by the accumulation of abnormally misfolded forms of α-synuclein and tau proteins. Our current understanding of their pathogenesis suggests that extracellular forms of these proteins are of major relevance to the mechanism of pathology propagation throughout the brain and disease progression. The most novel approaches to find disease-modifying therapies aim to reduce or block these forms of tau and α-synuclein. This article reviews therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and tau protein which have entered clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lopez-Cuina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - W G Meissner
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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41
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Kisspeptin-10 Rescues Cholinergic Differentiated SHSY-5Y Cells from α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095193. [PMID: 35563582 PMCID: PMC9105316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropathological substrate of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is defined by the inextricable cross-seeding accretion of amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-syn)-laden deposits in cholinergic neurons. The recent revelation that neuropeptide kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is able to mitigate Aβ toxicity via an extracellular binding mechanism may provide a new horizon for innovative drug design endeavors. Considering the sequence similarities between α-syn’s non-amyloid-β component (NAC) and Aβ’s C-terminus, we hypothesized that KP-10 would enhance cholinergic neuronal resistance against α-syn’s deleterious consequences through preferential binding. Here, human cholinergic SH-SY5Y cells were transiently transformed to upsurge the mRNA expression of α-syn while α-syn-mediated cholinergic toxicity was quantified utilizing a standardized viability-based assay. Remarkably, the E46K mutant α-syn displayed elevated α-syn mRNA levels, which subsequently induced more cellular toxicity compared with the wild-type α-syn in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive cholinergic neurons. Treatment with a high concentration of KP-10 (10 µM) further decreased cholinergic cell viability, while low concentrations of KP-10 (0.01–1 µM) substantially suppressed wild-type and E46K mutant α-syn-mediated toxicity. Correlating with the in vitro observations are approximations from in silico algorithms, which inferred that KP-10 binds favorably to the C-terminal residues of wild-type and E46K mutant α-syn with CDOCKER energy scores of −118.049 kcal/mol and −114.869 kcal/mol, respectively. Over the course of 50 ns simulation time, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics conjointly revealed that the docked complexes were relatively stable despite small-scale fluctuations upon assembly. Taken together, our findings insinuate that KP-10 may serve as a novel therapeutic scaffold with far-reaching implications for the conceptualization of α-syn-based treatments.
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Medina CA, Vargas E, Munger SJ, Miller JE. Vocal changes in a zebra finch model of Parkinson's disease characterized by alpha-synuclein overexpression in the song-dedicated anterior forebrain pathway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265604. [PMID: 35507553 PMCID: PMC9067653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration in the quality of a person's voice and speech is an early marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). In humans, the neural circuit that supports vocal motor control consists of a cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortico loop. The basal ganglia regions, striatum and globus pallidus, in this loop play a role in modulating the acoustic features of vocal behavior such as loudness, pitch, and articulatory rate. In PD, this area is implicated in pathogenesis. In animal models of PD, the accumulation of toxic aggregates containing the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in the midbrain and striatum result in limb and vocal motor impairments. It has been challenging to study vocal impairments given the lack of well-defined cortico-basal ganglia circuitry for vocalization in rodent models. Furthermore, whether deterioration of voice quality early in PD is a direct result of αsyn-induced neuropathology is not yet known. Here, we take advantage of the well-characterized vocal circuits of the adult male zebra finch songbird to experimentally target a song-dedicated pathway, the anterior forebrain pathway, using an adeno-associated virus expressing the human wild-type αsyn gene, SNCA. We found that overexpression of αsyn in this pathway coincides with higher levels of insoluble, monomeric αsyn compared to control finches. Impairments in song production were also detected along with shorter and poorer quality syllables, which are the most basic unit of song. These vocal changes are similar to the vocal abnormalities observed in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A. Medina
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United State of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Eddie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Munger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Miller
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United State of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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43
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Rai M, Curley M, Coleman Z, Demontis F. Contribution of proteases to the hallmarks of aging and to age-related neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13603. [PMID: 35349763 PMCID: PMC9124314 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control ensures the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins. Derangement of proteostasis is a primary cause of aging and age-associated diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome play key roles in proteostasis but, in addition to these systems, the human genome encodes for ~600 proteases, also known as peptidases. Here, we examine the role of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Proteases are present across cell compartments, including the extracellular space, and their substrates encompass cellular constituents, proteins with signaling functions, and misfolded proteins. Proteolytic processing by proteases can lead to changes in the activity and localization of substrates or to their degradation. Proteases cooperate with the autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems but also have independent proteolytic roles that impact all hallmarks of cellular aging. Specifically, proteases regulate mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, cellular senescence, nutrient sensing, stem cell properties and regeneration, protein quality control and stress responses, and intercellular signaling. The capacity of proteases to regulate cellular functions translates into important roles in preserving tissue homeostasis during aging. Consequently, proteases influence the onset and progression of age-related pathologies and are important determinants of health span. Specifically, we examine how certain proteases promote the progression of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and/or Parkinson's disease whereas other proteases protect from neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, cleavage by proteases can lead to the degradation of a pathogenic protein and hence impede disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, proteases can generate substrate byproducts with increased toxicity, which promote disease progression. Altogether, these studies indicate the importance of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Michelle Curley
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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44
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Si X, Guo T, Wang Z, Fang Y, Gu L, Cao L, Yang W, Gao T, Song Z, Tian J, Yin X, Guan X, Zhou C, Wu J, Bai X, Liu X, Zhao G, Zhang M, Pu J, Zhang B. Neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in possible REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:54. [PMID: 35487930 PMCID: PMC9055043 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathy is postulated to be central to both idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Growing evidence suggests an association between the diminished clearance of α-synuclein and glymphatic system dysfunction. However, evidence accumulating primarily based on clinical data to support glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with iRBD and PD is currently insufficient. This study aimed to use diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic system activity and its relationship to clinical scores of disease severity in patients with possible iRBD (piRBDs) and those with PD. Further, we validated the correlation between the ALPS index and the prognosis of PD longitudinally. Overall, 168 patients with PD, 119 piRBDs, and 129 healthy controls were enroled. Among them, 50 patients with PD had been longitudinally reexamined. Patients with PD exhibited a lower ALPS index than those with piRBDs (P = 0.036), and both patient groups showed a lower ALPS index than healthy controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001). The ALPS index and elevated disease severity were negatively correlated in the piRBD and PD subgroups. Moreover, the ALPS index was correlated with cognitive decline in patients with PD in the longitudinal analyses. In conclusion, DTI-ALPS provided neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in piRBDs and patients with PD; however, the potential of assessing the pathological progress of α-synucleinopathies as an indicator is worth verifying. Further development of imaging methods for glymphatic system function is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanxiao Cao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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45
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Bonhoure A, Henry L, Bich C, Blanc L, Bergeret B, Bousquet M, Coux O, Stoebner P, Vidal M. Extracellular
20S
proteasome secreted via microvesicles can degrade poorly folded proteins and inhibit Galectin‐3 agglutination activity. Traffic 2022; 23:287-304. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bonhoure
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions Université Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Henry
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Claudia Bich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Lionel Blanc
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset New York USA
| | - Blanche Bergeret
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Marie‐Pierre Bousquet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Université Toulouse, CNRS, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Olivier Coux
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier Univ. Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Pierre‐Emmanuel Stoebner
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Nîmes Nîmes France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) Université Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vidal
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions Université Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
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46
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Miller SJ, Campbell CE, Jimenez-Corea HA, Wu GH, Logan R. Neuroglial Senescence, α-Synucleinopathy, and the Therapeutic Potential of Senolytics in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:824191. [PMID: 35516803 PMCID: PMC9063319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.824191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is still no cure for PD and the complicated intricacies of the pathology are still being worked out. Much of the research on PD has focused on neurons, since the disease is characterized by neurodegeneration. However, neuroglia has become recognized as key players in the health and disease of the central nervous system. This review provides a current perspective on the interactive roles that α-synuclein and neuroglial senescence have in PD. The self-amplifying and cyclical nature of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, α-synucleinopathy, neuroglial senescence, neuroglial chronic activation and neurodegeneration will be discussed. Finally, the compelling role that senolytics could play as a therapeutic avenue for PD is explored and encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Guan-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Logan,
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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48
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Fang Y, Dai S, Jin C, Si X, Gu L, Song Z, Gao T, Chen Y, Yan Y, Yin X, Pu J, Zhang B. Aquaporin-4 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:740491. [PMID: 35356146 PMCID: PMC8959914 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.740491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveAquaporin-4 (AQP4) facilitates a sleep-enhanced interstitial brain waste clearance system. This study was conducted to determine the clinical implication of AQP4 polymorphisms in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThree-hundred and eighty-two patients with PD and 180 healthy controls with a mean follow-up time of 66.1 months from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative study were analyzed. We examined whether AQP4 SNPs were associated with an altered rate of motor or cognitive decline using linear mixed model and Cox regression. We then investigated whether AQP4 SNPs were associated with Aβ burden as measured by 18F Florbetapir standard uptake values. Furthermore, we examined if AQP4 SNPs moderated the association between REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and CSF biomarkers.ResultsIn patients with PD, AQP4 rs162009 (AA/AG vs. GG) was associated with slower dementia conversion, better performance in letter-number sequencing and symbol digit modalities, lower Aβ deposition in the putamen, anterior cingulum, and frontotemporal areas. In the subgroup of high RBD screening questionnaire score, rs162009 AA/AG had a higher CSF Aβ42 level. rs162009 AA/AG also had better performance in semantic fluency in healthy controls. Besides, rs68006382 (GG/GA vs. AA) was associated with faster progression to mild cognitive impairment, worse performance in letter-number sequencing, semantic fluency, and symbol digit modalities in patients with PD.InterpretationGenetic variations of AQP4 and subsequent alterations of glymphatic efficacy might contribute to an altered rate of cognitive decline in PD. AQP4 rs162009 is likely a novel genetic prognostic marker of glymphatic function and cognitive decline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyao Jin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baorong Zhang Jiali Pu
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baorong Zhang Jiali Pu
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49
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Interactions of intrinsically disordered proteins with the unconventional chaperone human serum albumin: From mechanisms of amyloid inhibition to therapeutic opportunities. Biophys Chem 2022; 282:106743. [PMID: 35093643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human Serum Albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, serves a diverse repertoire of biological functions including regulation of oncotic pressure and redox potential, transport of serum solutes, but also chaperoning of misfolded proteins. Here we review how HSA interacts with a wide spectrum of client proteins including intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) such as Aβ, the islet amyloid peptide (IAPP), alpha synuclein and stressed globular proteins such as insulin. The comparative analysis of the HSA chaperone - client interactions reveals that the amyloid-inhibitory function of HSA arises from at least four emerging mechanisms. Two mechanisms (the monomer stabilizer model and the monomer competitor model) involve the direct binding of HSA to either IDP monomers or oligomers, while other mechanisms (metal chelation and membrane protection) rely on the indirect modulation by HSA of other factors that drive IDP aggregation. While HSA is not the only extracellular chaperone, given its abundance, HSA is likely to account for a significant fraction of the chaperoning effects in plasma, thus opening new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the peripheral sink hypothesis.
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50
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Choi M, Kim TK, Ahn J, Lee JS, Jung BC, An S, Kim D, Lee MJ, Mook-Jung I, Lee SH, Lee SJ. Conformation-specific Antibodies Targeting Aggregated Forms of α-synuclein Block the Propagation of Synucleinopathy. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:29-41. [PMID: 35256542 PMCID: PMC8907253 DOI: 10.5607/en21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein is a key element in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. α-synuclein aggregation spreads through various brain regions during the course of disease progression, a propagation that is thought to be mediated by the secretion and subsequent uptake of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates between neuronal cells. Thus, aggregated forms of this protein have emerged as promising targets for disease-modifying therapy for PD and related diseases. Here, we generated and characterized conformation-specific antibodies that preferentially recognize aggregated forms of α-synuclein. These antibodies promoted phagocytosis of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by microglial cells and interfered with cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein. In an α-synuclein transgenic model, passive immunization with aggregate-specific antibodies significantly ameliorated pathological phenotypes, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, gliosis, inflammation, and neuronal loss. These results suggest that conformation-specific antibodies targeting α-synuclein aggregates are promising therapeutic agents for PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul 05541, Korea
| | | | - Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | | | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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