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Hao Y, Gu C, Luo W, Shen J, Xie F, Zhao Y, Song X, Han Z, He J. The role of protein post-translational modifications in prostate cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17768. [PMID: 39148683 PMCID: PMC11326433 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Involving addition of chemical groups or protein units to specific residues of the target protein, post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the charge, hydrophobicity, and conformation of a protein, which in turn influences protein function, protein-protein interaction, and protein aggregation. These alterations, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation, lipidation, and lactylation, are significant biological events in the development of cancer, and play vital roles in numerous biological processes. The processes behind essential functions, the screening of clinical illness signs, and the identification of therapeutic targets all depend heavily on further research into the PTMs. This review outlines the influence of several PTM types on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis in an effort to shed fresh light on the molecular causes and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Hao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Gu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Guo S, Miao M, Wu Y, Pan D, Wu Q, Kang Z, Zeng J, Zhong G, Liu C, Wang J. DHODH inhibition represents a therapeutic strategy and improves abiraterone treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1399-1410. [PMID: 38480915 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, and there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic targets to address this challenge. Here, we showed that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme crucial in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, is a promising therapeutic target for CRPC. The transcript levels of DHODH were significantly elevated in prostate tumors and were negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. DHODH inhibition effectively suppressed CRPC progression by blocking cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Notably, treatment with DHODH inhibitor BAY2402234 activated androgen biosynthesis signaling in CRPC cells. However, the combination treatment with BAY2402234 and abiraterone decreased intratumoral testosterone levels and induced apoptosis, which inhibited the growth of CWR22Rv1 xenograft tumors and patient-derived xenograft organoids. Taken together, these results establish DHODH as a key player in CRPC and as a potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaomiao Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyue Pan
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanfang Kang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Li X, Berk M, Goins C, Alyamani M, Chung YM, Wang C, Patel M, Rathi N, Zhu Z, Willard B, Stauffer S, Klein E, Sharifi N. BMX controls 3βHSD1 and sex steroid biosynthesis in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163498. [PMID: 36647826 PMCID: PMC9843047 DOI: 10.1172/jci163498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is highly dependent on androgens and the androgen receptor (AR). Hormonal therapies inhibit gonadal testosterone production, block extragonadal androgen biosynthesis, or directly antagonize AR. Resistance to medical castration occurs as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is driven by reactivation of the androgen-AR axis. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3βHSD1) serves as the rate-limiting step for potent androgen synthesis from extragonadal precursors, thereby stimulating CRPC. Genetic evidence in men demonstrates the role of 3βHSD1 in driving CRPC. In postmenopausal women, 3βHSD1 is required for synthesis of aromatase substrates and plays an essential role in breast cancer. Therefore, 3βHSD1 lies at a critical junction for the synthesis of androgens and estrogens, and this metabolic flux is regulated through germline-inherited mechanisms. We show that phosphorylation of tyrosine 344 (Y344) occurs and is required for 3βHSD1 cellular activity and generation of Δ4, 3-keto-substrates of 5α-reductase and aromatase, including in patient tissues. BMX directly interacts with 3βHSD1 and is necessary for enzyme phosphorylation and androgen biosynthesis. In vivo blockade of 3βHSD1 Y344 phosphorylation inhibits CRPC. These findings identify what we believe to be new hormonal therapy pharmacologic vulnerabilities for sex-steroid dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | | | - Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Monaben Patel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Nityam Rathi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | | | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Eric Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Qiu Y. A phosphorylation switch controls androgen biosynthesis in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166499. [PMID: 36647834 PMCID: PMC9843042 DOI: 10.1172/jci166499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen biosynthesis enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3βHSD1) encoded by HSD3B1 has emerged as a potential driver for therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. Patients with homozygous HSD3B1(1245C) inheritance are intrinsically more resistant to currently available androgen/androgen receptor-targeting (AR-targeting) drugs. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. present data on the regulation of 3βHSD1 phosphorylation and activity by tyrosine kinase BMX. Inhibition of BMX activity by genetic or pharmacologic approaches blocked androgen biosynthesis in prostate cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth in preclinical xenograft models. The findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying castration resistance in prostate cancer and reveal a potential strategy to circumvent therapeutic resistance in patients with homozygous HSD3B1(1245C) inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System (VAMHCS), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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The SMARCD Family of SWI/SNF Accessory Proteins Is Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of Androgen Receptor-Driven Genes and Plays a Role in Various Essential Processes of Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010124. [PMID: 36611918 PMCID: PMC9818446 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an involvement of chromatin-remodelling SWI/SNF complexes in the development of prostate cancer, suggesting both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD2/BAF60B, and SMARCD3/BAF60C are mutually exclusive accessory subunits that confer functional specificity and are components of all known SWI/SNF subtypes. To assess the role of SWI/SNF in prostate tumorigenesis, we studied the functions and functional relations of the SMARCD family members. Performing RNA-seq in LnCAP cells grown in the presence or absence of dihydrotestosterone, we found that the SMARCD proteins are involved in the regulation of numerous hormone-dependent AR-driven genes. Moreover, we demonstrated that all SMARCD proteins can regulate AR-downstream targets in androgen-depleted cells, suggesting an involvement in the progression to castration-resistance. However, our approach also revealed a regulatory role for SMARCD proteins through antagonization of AR-signalling. We further demonstrated that the SMARCD proteins are involved in several important cellular processes such as the maintenance of cellular morphology and cytokinesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that the SMARCD proteins play an important, yet paradoxical, role in prostate carcinogenesis. Our approach also unmasked the complex interplay of paralogue SWI/SNF proteins that must be considered for the development of safe and efficient therapies targeting SWI/SNF.
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Epistolio S, Ramelli G, Ottaviano M, Crupi E, Marandino L, Biggiogero M, Maida PA, Ruinelli L, Vogl U, Mangan D, Pascale M, Cantù M, Ceschi A, Bernasconi E, Mazzucchelli L, Catapano C, Alimonti A, Garzoni C, Gillessen Sommer S, Stefanini FM, Franzetti-Pellanda A, Frattini M, Pereira Mestre R. P1245 Polymorphic Variants of HSD3B1 Gene Confer Different Outcome in Specific Subgroups of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793728. [PMID: 35874037 PMCID: PMC9302441 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the androgen receptor (AR), through ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2, to enter nasal and upper airways epithelial cells. Genetic analyses revealed that HSD3B1 P1245C polymorphic variant increases dihydrotestosterone production and upregulation of TMPRSS2 with respect to P1245A variant, thus possibly influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our aim was to characterize the HSD3B1 polymorphism status and its potential association with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Southern Switzerland. Materials and Methods: The cohort included 400 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first wave between February and May 2020 in two different hospitals of Canton Ticino. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and HSD3B1 gene polymorphism was evaluated by Sanger sequencing. Statistical associations were verified using different test. Results:HSD3B1 polymorphic variants were not associated with a single classical factor related to worse clinical prognosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. However, in specific subgroups, HSD3B1 variants played a clinical role: intensive care unit admission was more probable in patients with P1245C diabetes compared with P1245A individuals without this comorbidity and death was more associated with hypertensive P1245A>C cases than patients with P1245A diabetes without hypertension. Discussion: This is the first study showing that HSD3B1 gene status may influence the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. If confirmed, our results could lead to the introduction of HSD3B1 gene status analysis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to predict clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Epistolio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Locarno, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Samantha Epistolio
| | - Giulia Ramelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Ottaviano
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Crupi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marandino
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maira Biggiogero
- Clinic Research Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pier Andrea Maida
- Clinic Research Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Ruinelli
- Informatics and Communication Technology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Vogl
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dylan Mangan
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariarosa Pascale
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cantù
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Locarno, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Catapano
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silke Gillessen Sommer
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mattia Stefanini
- Department of Enviromental Science and Policy, Faculty of Science and Technology-ESP, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Milo Frattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Pereira Mestre
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Qin L, Chung YM, Berk M, Naelitz B, Zhu Z, Klein E, Chakraborty AA, Sharifi N. Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Couples 3βHSD1 Enzyme and Cofactor Upregulation to Facilitate Androgen Biosynthesis and Hormone Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2417-2430. [PMID: 35536859 PMCID: PMC9256813 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy suppresses tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling by depleting circulating testosterone and is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Despite initial treatment response, castration-resistant prostate cancer nearly always develops and remains driven primarily by the androgen axis. Here we investigated how changes in oxygenation affect androgen synthesis. In prostate cancer cells, chronic hypoxia coupled to reoxygenation resulted in efficient metabolism of androgen precursors to produce androgens and activate AR. Hypoxia induced 3βHSD1, the rate-limiting androgen synthesis regulator, and reoxygenation replenished necessary cofactors, suggesting that hypoxia and reoxygenation both facilitate potent androgen synthesis. The EGLN1/VHL/HIF2α pathway induced 3βHSD1 expression through direct binding of HIF2α to the 5' regulatory region of HSD3B1 to promote transcription. Overexpression of HIF2α facilitated prostate cancer progression, which largely depended on 3βHSD1. Inhibition of HIF2α with the small-molecule PT2399 prevented prostate cancer cell proliferation. These results thus identify HIF2α as a regulator of androgen synthesis and potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia followed by reoxygenation in prostate cancer drives androgen deprivation therapy resistance via increasing the rate-limiting enzyme and cofactors for androgen synthesis, revealing HIF2α as a therapeutic target to subvert resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bryan Naelitz
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eric Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Abhishek A. Chakraborty
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Corresponding author: Nima Sharifi, Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, Telephone: 216 445-9750,
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Stücheli S, Araya S, Ercan C, Moser SO, Gallon J, Jenö P, Piscuoglio S, Terracciano L, Odermatt A. The Potential Tumor-Suppressor DHRS7 Inversely Correlates with EGFR Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells and Tumor Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133074. [PMID: 35804847 PMCID: PMC9264982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Current therapies are initially effective but resistance often develops, leading to tumor recurrence and death. Further research on new players, mechanisms involved in prostate cancer, and therapy resistance is needed. We studied the role of DHRS7, a potential tumor suppressor with currently unknown physiological function, in prostate cancer cells using proteome and gene expression analyses. Despite the fact that DHRS7 can inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone, its effect on prostate cancer cells seems to be unrelated to androgen metabolism. When comparing three widely studied prostate cancer cell lines, we observed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression. DHRS7 knockdown enhanced EGFR expression, while knockdown of EGFR tended to increase DHRS7 expression. Importantly, DHRS7 expression negatively correlates with EGFR expression and positively with survival rates in prostate cancer patients. This study suggests a tumor-suppressor role for DHRS7 by modulating EGFR expression in prostate cancer. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common malignancies in men, typically responds to initial treatment, but resistance to therapy often leads to metastases and death. The dehydrogenase/reductase 7 (DHRS7, SDR34C1) is an “orphan” enzyme without known physiological function. DHRS7 was previously found to be decreased in higher-stage PCa, and siRNA-mediated knockdown increased the aggressiveness of LNCaP cells. To further explore the role of DHRS7 in PCa, we analyzed the proteome of LNCaP cells following DHRS7 knockdown to assess potentially altered pathways. Although DHRS7 is able to inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone, DHRS7 knockdown did not affect androgen receptor (AR) target gene expression, and its effect on PCa cells seems to be androgen-independent. Importantly, proteome analyses revealed increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which was confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Comparison of AR-positive LNCaP with AR-negative PC-3 and DU145 PCa cell lines revealed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression. Conversely, EGFR knockdown enhanced DHRS7 expression in these cells. Importantly, analysis of patient samples revealed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression, both at the mRNA and protein levels, and DHRS7 expression correlated positively with patient survival rates. These results suggest a protective role for DHRS7 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stücheli
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - Selene Araya
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Seraina O. Moser
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Paul Jenö
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-15-30
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9
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He M, Li C, Tang W, Kang Y, Zuo Y, Wang Y. Machine learning gene expression predicting model for ustekinumab response in patients with Crohn's disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1529-1540. [PMID: 34469062 PMCID: PMC8589399 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reported the responses of ustekinumab (UST) for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) differ among patients, while the cause was unrevealed. The study aimed to develop a prediction model based on the gene transcription profiling of patients with CD in response to UST. Methods The GSE112366 dataset, which contains 86 CD and 26 normal samples, was downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified first. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were administered. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was performed to build a model for UST response prediction. Results A total of 122 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that immune response pathways are significantly enriched in patients with CD. A multivariate logistic regression equation that comprises four genes (HSD3B1, MUC4, CF1, and CCL11) for UST response prediction was built. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for patients in training set and testing set were 0.746 and 0.734, respectively. Conclusions This study is the first to build a gene expression prediction model for UST response in patients with CD and provides valuable data sources for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong He
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxi Kang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongdi Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Ornstein MC. Moving the Needle Toward Improved Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 18:61-63. [PMID: 34618544 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe C Ornstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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11
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You HJ, You BC, Kim JK, Park JM, Song BS, Myung JK. Characterization of Proteins Regulated by Androgen and Protein Kinase a Signaling in VCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101404. [PMID: 34680521 PMCID: PMC8533394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) is involved in normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression. In addition to androgen binding, a variety of protein kinases, including cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), can activate the AR. Although hormone deprivation, especially that of androgen, continues to be an important strategy for treating prostate cancer patients, the disease ultimately progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite a continuous hormone-deprived environment. To date, it remains unclear which pathways in this progression are active and targetable. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of VCaP cells stimulated with androgen or forskolin to identify proteins specific for androgen-induced and androgen-bypassing signaling, respectively. Patterns of differentially expressed proteins were quantified, and eight proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified. Functional information, including a Gene Ontology analysis, revealed that most of these proteins are involved in metabolic processes and are associated with cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of selected proteins was validated, and functional correlations of identified proteins with signaling in VCaP cells were assessed by measuring metabolites related to each enzyme. These analyses offered new clues regarding effector molecules involved in prostate cancer development, insights that are supported by the demonstration of increased expression levels of the eight identified proteins in prostate cancer patients and assessments of the progression-free interval. Taken together, our findings show that aberrant levels of eight proteins reflect molecular changes that are significantly regulated by androgen and/or PKA signaling pathways, suggesting possible molecular mechanisms of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Byong-Chul You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bo-Seul Song
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2746
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12
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Zheng HT, Zhuang ZX, Chen CJ, Liao HY, Chen HL, Hsueh HC, Chen CF, Chen SE, Huang SY. Effects of acute heat stress on protein expression and histone modification in the adrenal gland of male layer-type country chickens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6499. [PMID: 33753796 PMCID: PMC7985386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal gland responds to heat stress by epinephrine and glucocorticoid release to alleviate the adverse effects. This study investigated the effect of acute heat stress on the protein profile and histone modification in the adrenal gland of layer-type country chickens. A total of 192 roosters were subject to acute heat stress and thereafter classified into a resistant or susceptible group according to body temperature change. The iTRAQ analysis identified 80 differentially expressed proteins, in which the resistant group had a higher level of somatostatin and hydroxy-δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase but a lower parathymosin expression in accordance with the change of serum glucocorticoid levels. Histone modification analysis identified 115 histone markers. The susceptible group had a higher level of tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and showed a positive crosstalk with K36me and K37me in the H3 tails. The differential changes of body temperature projected in physiological regulation at the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suggest the genetic heterogeneity in basic metabolic rate and efficiency for heat dissipation to acclimate to thermal stress and maintain body temperature homeostasis. The alteration of adrenal H3K27me3 level was associated with the endocrine function of adrenal gland and may contribute to the thermotolerance of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Teng Zheng
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xuan Zhuang
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh–Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liao
- grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chun Hsueh
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
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13
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Naelitz BD, Sharifi N. Through the Looking-Glass: Reevaluating DHEA Metabolism Through HSD3B1 Genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:680-690. [PMID: 32565196 PMCID: PMC7442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate together are abundant adrenal steroids whose physiological effects are mediated through their conversion to potent downstream androgens. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isotype 1 (3βHSD1) facilitates the rate-limiting step of DHEA metabolism and gates the flux of substrate into the distal portion of the androgen synthesis pathway. Notably, a germline, missense-encoding change, HSD3B1(1245C), results in expression of 3βHSD1 protein that is resistant to degradation, yielding greater potent androgen production in the periphery. In contrast, HSD3B1(1245A) encodes 3βHSD1 protein that is easily degraded, limiting peripheral androgen synthesis. These adrenal-permissive (AP) and adrenal-restrictive (AR) alleles have recently been associated with divergent outcomes in androgen-sensitive disease states, underscoring the need to reevaluate DHEA metabolism using HSD3B1 genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Naelitz
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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14
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Khalaf D, Aragón I, Annala M, Lozano R, Taavitsainen S, Lorente D, Finch D, Romero-Laorden N, Vergidis J, Cendón Y, Oja C, Pacheco M, Zulfiqar M, Gleave M, Wyatt A, Olmos D, Chi K, Castro E, Almagro E, Arranz J, Billalabeitia E, Borrega P, Castro E, Contreras J, Domenech M, Escribano R, Fernández-Parra E, Gallardo E, García-Carbonero I, García R, Garde J, González del Alba A, González B, Hernández A, Hernando S, Jiménez P, Laínez N, Lorente D, Luque R, Martínez E, Medina A, Méndez-Vidal M, Montesa A, Morales R, Olmos David, Pérez-Gracia J, Pérez-Valderrama B, Pinto Á, Piulats J, Puente J, Querol R, Rodríguez-Vida A, Romero-Laorden N, Sáez M, Vázquez S, Vélez E, Villa-Guzmán J, Villatoro R, Zambrana C. HSD3B1 (1245A>C) germline variant and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide: results from two prospective studies. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1186-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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15
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Domińska K, Kowalska K, Urbanek KA, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Ochędalski T, Piastowska Ciesielska AW. The Impact of Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) on the Biological Properties of Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulation of Inflammatory and Steroidogenesis Pathway Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176227. [PMID: 32872192 PMCID: PMC7504072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the prostate, including cancer development and progression. The Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) are the less known active peptides of RAS. This study examines the influence of these two peptide hormones on the metabolic activity, proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. Significant changes in MTT dye reduction were observed depending on the type of angiotensin and its concentration as well as time of incubation. Ang-(1-9) did not regulate the 2D cell division of either prostate cancer lines however, it reduced the size of LNCaP colonies formed in soft agar, maybe through down-regulation of the HIF1a gene. Ang-(3-7) increased the number of PC3 cells in the S phase and improved anchorage-independent growth as well as mobility. In this case, a significant increase in MKI67, BIRC5, and CDH-1 gene expression was also observed as well as all members of the NF-kB family. Furthermore, we speculate that this peptide can repress the proliferation of LNCaP cells by NOS3-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest. No changes in expression of BIRC5 and BCL2/BAX ratio were observed but a decrease mRNA proapoptotic BAD gene was seen. In the both lines, Ang-(3-7) improved ROCK1 gene expression however, increased VEGF and NOS3 mRNA was only seen in the PC3 or LNCaP cells, respectively. Interestingly, it appears that Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) can modulate the level of steroidogenic enzymes responsible for converting cholesterol to testosterone in both prostate cancer lines. Furthermore, in PC3 cells, Ang-(1-9) upregulated AR expression while Ang-(3-7) upregulated the expression of both estrogen receptor genes. Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) can impact on biological properties of prostate cancer cells by modulating inflammatory and steroidogenesis pathway genes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.A.U.); (D.E.H.-G.); (A.W.P.C.)
| | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.A.U.); (D.E.H.-G.); (A.W.P.C.)
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.A.U.); (D.E.H.-G.); (A.W.P.C.)
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska Ciesielska
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.A.U.); (D.E.H.-G.); (A.W.P.C.)
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16
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Barnard M, Mostaghel EA, Auchus RJ, Storbeck KH. The role of adrenal derived androgens in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105506. [PMID: 31672619 PMCID: PMC7883395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains androgen dependant despite castrate levels of circulating testosterone following androgen deprivation therapy, the first line of treatment for advanced metstatic prostate cancer. CRPC is characterized by alterations in the expression levels of steroidgenic enzymes that enable the tumour to derive potent androgens from circulating adrenal androgen precursors. Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis leads to the localized production of both canonical androgens such as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as well as less well characterized 11-oxygenated androgens, which until recently have been overlooked in the context of CRPC. In this review we discuss the contribution of both canonical and 11-oxygenated androgen precursors to the intratumoral androgen pool in CRPC. We present evidence that CRPC remains androgen dependent and discuss the alterations in steroidogenic enzyme expression and how these affect the various pathways to intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. Finally we summarize the current treatment strategies for targeting adrenal derived androgen biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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17
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Thoma C. HSD3B1 genotype predicts castration resistance. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:193. [PMID: 32112052 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Exposure–response analyses of abiraterone and its metabolites in real-world patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 23:244-251. [DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Ku SY, Gleave ME, Beltran H. Towards precision oncology in advanced prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:645-654. [PMID: 31591549 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic biopsy programmes combined with advances in genomic sequencing have provided new insights into the molecular landscape of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), identifying actionable targets, and emerging resistance mechanisms. The detection of DNA repair aberrations, such as mutation of BRCA2, could help select patients for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor or platinum chemotherapy, and mismatch repair gene defects and microsatellite instability have been associated with responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Poor prognostic features, such as the presence of RB1 deletion, might help guide future therapeutic strategies. Our understanding of the molecular features of CRPC is now being translated into the clinic in the form of increased molecular testing for use of these agents and for clinical trial eligibility. Genomic testing offers opportunities for improving patient selection for systemic therapies and, ultimately, patient outcomes. However, challenges for precision oncology in advanced prostate cancer still remain, including the contribution of tumour heterogeneity, the timing and potential cooperation of multiple driver gene aberrations, and diverse resistant mechanisms. Defining the optimal use of molecular biomarkers in the clinic, including tissue-based and liquid biopsies, is a rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Ku
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urology, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Senapati D, Kumari S, Heemers HV. Androgen receptor co-regulation in prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 7:219-232. [PMID: 32742924 PMCID: PMC7385509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression relies on androgen receptor (AR) action. Preventing AR's ligand-activation is the frontline treatment for metastatic PCa. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that inhibits AR ligand-binding initially induces remission but eventually fails, mainly because of adaptive PCa responses that restore AR action. The vast majority of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) continues to rely on AR activity. Novel therapeutic strategies are being explored that involve targeting other critical AR domains such as those that mediate its constitutively active transactivation function, its DNA binding ability, or its interaction with co-operating transcriptional regulators. Considerable molecular and clinical variability has been found in AR's interaction with its ligands, DNA binding motifs, and its associated coregulators and transcription factors. Here, we review evidence that each of these levels of AR regulation can individually and differentially impact transcription by AR. In addition, we examine emerging insights suggesting that each can also impact the other, and that all three may collaborate to induce gene-specific AR target gene expression, likely via AR allosteric effects. For the purpose of this review, we refer to the modulating influence of these differential and/or interdependent contributions of ligands, cognate DNA-binding motifs and critical regulatory protein interactions on AR's transcriptional output, which may influence the efficiency of the novel PCa therapeutic approaches under consideration, as co-regulation of AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Zhao J, Zhang M, Liu J, Liu Z, Shen P, Nie L, Guo W, Cai D, Liu J, Armstrong CM, Sun G, Chen J, Zhu S, Dai J, Zhang H, Zhao P, Zhang X, Yin X, Zhu X, Ni Y, Chen N, Zeng H. AKR1C3 expression in primary lesion rebiopsy at the time of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is strongly associated with poor efficacy of abiraterone as a first-line therapy. Prostate 2019; 79:1553-1562. [PMID: 31294486 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies had demonstrated that aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), a crucial enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway, played an important role in abiraterone (ABI)-resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by increasing intratumoral androgen synthesis. However, its value in predicting treatment response in patients with mCRPC is unknown. METHOD AND MATERIALS Data of 163 patients with metastatic prostate cancer between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received androgen deprivation therapy plus bicalutamide after initial diagnosis. After mCRPC, either ABI or docetaxel (DOC) treatment was used. No patient had the experience of therapy to the primary tumor. AKR1C3 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining from rebiopsy (re-Bx) of primary prostate lesions at mCRPC. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to analyze the association between AKR1C3 and treatment outcomes. RESULTS AKR1C3 was positive in 58 of 163 (35.6%) cases. AKR1C3 was associated with significantly shorter median prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (mPSA-PFS, 5.6 mo vs 10.7 mo; P < .001), median radiographic progression-free survival (mrPFS, 11.1 mo vs 18.0 mo; P = .018), and numerically shorter median overall survival (mOS, 20.4 mo vs 26.4 mo; P = .157). Notably, AKR1C3-positive patients treated with ABI, but not DOC, had shorter mPSA-PFS and mrPFS compared with AKR1C3-negative men, (mPSA-PFS, 5.7 mo vs. 11.2 mo; P < .001; mrPFS, 12.4 mo vs 23.3 mo; P = .048). However, AKR1C3 expression had no correlation to PSA response or OS. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that AKR1C3 was independently accompanied with rapid PSA progression (hazard ratio [HR], 3.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-6.31; P < 0.001) and radiological progression (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.05-4.11; P = .036) in the ABI-treated subgroup. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that AKR1C3 detection in tissues from prostate re-Bx at mCRPC was associated with early resistance to ABI but not DOC. These results will help to make optimal personalized treatment decisions for patients with mCRPC, facilitate physicians predicting the effectiveness of ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diming Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cameron M Armstrong
- Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Guangxi Sun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jindong Dai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Ni
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Storbeck KH, Mostaghel EA. Canonical and Noncanonical Androgen Metabolism and Activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:239-277. [PMID: 31900912 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are critical drivers of prostate cancer. In this chapter we first discuss the canonical pathways of androgen metabolism and their alterations in prostate cancer progression, including the classical, backdoor and 5α-dione pathways, the role of pre-receptor DHT metabolism, and recent findings on oncogenic splicing of steroidogenic enzymes. Next, we discuss the activity and metabolism of non-canonical 11-oxygenated androgens that can activate wild-type AR and are less susceptible to glucuronidation and inactivation than the canonical androgens, thereby serving as an under-recognized reservoir of active ligands. We then discuss an emerging literature on the potential non-canonical role of androgen metabolizing enzymes in driving prostate cancer. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of these findings for prostate cancer progression, particularly in context of new agents such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, which target the AR-axis for prostate cancer therapy, including mechanisms of response and resistance and implications of these findings for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center S-182, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
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23
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A PK/PD study of Delta-4 abiraterone metabolite in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Wu K, Na K, Chen D, Wang Y, Pan H, Wang X. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2356-2368. [PMID: 30272272 PMCID: PMC6203158 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has been demonstrated to elicit antitumorigenic and proapoptotic activities in cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GLP have yet to be elucidated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) has been reported to exert proapoptotic effects and therefore, may serve an important role in cancer prevention. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which GLP stimulates anticancer activity in human prostate cancer (PCa) PC-3 cells. In addition, the role of NAG-1 in GLP-induced cancer inhibition was examined. The results of the present study demonstrated that GLP significantly inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner in PC-3 cells. Flow cytometry indicated that GLP induced late apoptosis, which was accompanied by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) cleavage, and inhibition of pro-caspase-3, -6 and -9 protein expression. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression levels of NAG-1, and its transcriptional factor early growth response-1, were upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner upon GLP treatment. The results of a luciferase assay demonstrated that GLP induced the promoter activity of NAG-1, thus indicating that NAG-1 may be transcriptionally regulated by GLP. The secretion of NAG-1 proteins into the cell culture medium was also upregulated upon GLP treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of NAG-1 expression by small interfering RNA significantly, but not completely, prevented GLP-induced apoptosis, and reversed the effects of GLP on PARP and pro-caspase expression. It was further demonstrated that GLP inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in PC-3 cells. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to report that GLP may induce apoptosis of PCa cells, which is partially mediated through NAG-1 induction. The present findings may be helpful in elucidating the anticancer mechanisms of GLP through NAG-1 induction for its chemopreventive potential in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Kun Na
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Dian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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25
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Gao X, Dai C, Huang S, Tang J, Chen G, Li J, Zhu Z, Zhu X, Zhou S, Gao Y, Hou Z, Fang Z, Xu C, Wang J, Wu D, Sharifi N, Li Z. Functional Silencing of HSD17B2 in Prostate Cancer Promotes Disease Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1291-1301. [PMID: 30228209 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Steroidogenic enzymes are essential for prostate cancer development. Enzymes inactivating potent androgens were not investigated thoroughly, which leads to limited interference strategies for prostate cancer therapy. Here we characterized the clinical relevance, significance, and regulation mechanism of enzyme HSD17B2 in prostate cancer development. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HSD17B2 expression was detected with patient specimens and prostate cancer cell lines. Function of HSD17B2 in steroidogenesis, androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and tumor growth was investigated with prostate cancer cell lines and a xenograft model. DNA methylation and mRNA alternative splicing were investigated to unveil the mechanisms of HSD17B2 regulation. RESULTS HSD17B2 expression was reduced as prostate cancer progressed. 17βHSD2 decreased potent androgen production by converting testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to each of their upstream precursors. HSD17B2 overexpression suppressed androgen-induced cell proliferation and xenograft growth. Multiple mechanisms were involved in HSD17B2 functional silencing including DNA methylation and mRNA alternative splicing. DNA methylation decreased the HSD17B2 mRNA level. Two new catalytic-deficient isoforms, generated by alternative splicing, bound to wild-type 17βHSD2 and promoted its degradation. Splicing factors SRSF1 and SRSF5 participated in the generation of new isoforms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence of the clinical relevance, significance, and regulation of HSD17B2 in prostate cancer progression, which might provide new strategies for clinical management by targeting the functional silencing mechanisms of HSD17B2.See related commentary by Mostaghel, p. 1139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Charles Dai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianneng Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuirong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chengdang Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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26
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Emamekhoo H, Barata PC, Edwin NC, Woo KM, Grivas P, Garcia JA. Evaluation of Response to Enzalutamide Consecutively After Abiraterone Acetate/Prednisone Failure in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:429-436. [PMID: 30236961 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved significantly during the past decade, and the preferred combination and/or sequence of these treatments remains controversial. In this retrospective study, we explored clinical and pathologic factors that could predict response to consecutive treatment with enzalutamide (ENZA) after disease progression (PD) on abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA/P). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected from 40 consecutive patients with mCRPC who were treated with ENZA without other interim therapy after progression on AA/P. RESULTS The median time from prostate cancer initial diagnosis to AA/P treatment was 6.2 (range, 0.9-16.3) years. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) from treatment initiation was 8.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1-10.1 months) and 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.8-3.4 months) on AA/P and ENZA, respectively. The median time to PD from treatment initiation was 9.7 months (95% CI, 7.1-12.4 months) and 3 months (95% CI, 2.3-4.1 months) on AA/P and ENZA, respectively. The correlations were weak between the best percent change in PSA on ENZA and time from diagnosis to AA/P initiation, best absolute or percentage change in PSA on AA/P, time to PSA progression or PD on AA/P. Patients with longer than the median duration of treatment with AA/P (11.73 months) had longer PSA-PFS on ENZA (median 2.8 vs. 1.9 months; P = .035). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, we did not find any clinical or pathologic factors associated with response to ENZA administered consecutively after AA/P. Patients with longer than median AA/P treatment duration had longer PSA-PFS on ENZA. Further evaluations and validation are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Emamekhoo
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Natasha C Edwin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kaitlin M Woo
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Petros Grivas
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jorge A Garcia
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Alyamani M, Emamekhoo H, Park S, Taylor J, Almassi N, Upadhyay S, Tyler A, Berk MP, Hu B, Hwang TH, Figg WD, Peer CJ, Chien C, Koshkin VS, Mendiratta P, Grivas P, Rini B, Garcia J, Auchus RJ, Sharifi N. HSD3B1(1245A>C) variant regulates dueling abiraterone metabolite effects in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3333-3340. [PMID: 29939161 PMCID: PMC6063492 DOI: 10.1172/jci98319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common germline variant in HSD3B1(1245A>C) encodes for a hyperactive 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) missense that increases metabolic flux from extragonadal precursor steroids to DHT synthesis in prostate cancer. Enabling of extragonadal DHT synthesis by HSD3B1(1245C) predicts for more rapid clinical resistance to castration and sensitivity to extragonadal androgen synthesis inhibition. HSD3B1(1245C) thus appears to define a subgroup of patients who benefit from blocking extragonadal androgens. However, abiraterone, which is administered to block extragonadal androgens, is a steroidal drug that is metabolized by 3βHSD1 to multiple steroidal metabolites, including 3-keto-5α-abiraterone, which stimulates the androgen receptor. Our objective was to determine if HSD3B1(1245C) inheritance is associated with increased 3-keto-5α-abiraterone synthesis in patients. METHODS First, we characterized the pharmacokinetics of 7 steroidal abiraterone metabolites in 15 healthy volunteers. Second, we determined the association between serum 3-keto-5α-abiraterone levels and HSD3B1 genotype in 30 patients treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) after correcting for the determined pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Patients who inherit 0, 1, and 2 copies of HSD3B1(1245C) have a stepwise increase in normalized 3-keto-5α-abiraterone (0.04 ng/ml, 2.60 ng/ml, and 2.70 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Increased generation of 3-keto-5α-abiraterone in patients with HSD3B1(1245C) might partially negate abiraterone benefits in these patients who are otherwise more likely to benefit from CYP17A1 inhibition. FUNDING Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Award, National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alyamani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hamid Emamekhoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Jennifer Taylor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nima Almassi
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sunil Upadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Tyler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Michael P. Berk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | | | - Cody J. Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caly Chien
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Brian Rini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Jorge Garcia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Richard J. Auchus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Hettel D, Zhang A, Alyamani M, Berk M, Sharifi N. AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Regulates a Feed-Forward Mechanism of Androgen Synthesis by Way of HSD3B1 Upregulation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2884-2890. [PMID: 29850791 PMCID: PMC6456955 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3βHSD1 enzymatic activity is essential for synthesis of potent androgens from adrenal precursor steroids in prostate cancer. A germline variant in HSD3B1, the gene that encodes 3βHSD1, encodes for a stable enzyme, regulates adrenal androgen dependence, and is a predictive biomarker of poor clinical outcomes after gonadal testosterone deprivation therapy. However, little is known about HSD3B1 transcriptional regulation. Generally, it is thought that intratumoral androgen synthesis is upregulated after gonadal testosterone deprivation, enabling development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Given its critical role in extragonadal androgen synthesis, we sought to directly interrogate the transcriptional regulation of HSD3B1 in multiple metastatic prostate cancer cell models. Surprisingly, we found that VCaP, CWR22Rv1, LNCaP, and LAPC4 models demonstrate induction of HSD3B1 upon androgen stimulation for approximately 72 hours, followed by attenuation around 120 hours. 3βHSD1 protein levels mirrored transcriptional changes in models harboring variant (LNCaP) and wild-type (LAPC4) HSD3B1, and in these models androgen induction of HSD3B1 is abrogated via enzalutamide treatment. Androgen treatment increased flux from [3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione and other downstream metabolites. HSD3B1 expression was reduced 72 hours after castration in the VCaP xenograft mouse model, suggesting androgen receptor (AR) regulation of HSD3B1 also occurs in vivo. Overall, these data suggest that HSD3B1 is unexpectedly positively regulated by androgens and ARs. These data may have implications for the development of treatment strategies tailored to HSD3B1 genotype status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hettel
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ao Zhang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Michael Berk
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Correspondence: Nima Sharifi, MD, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. E-mail:
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Kaochar S, Mitsiades N. A Novel Mechanism to Drive Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:366-368. [PMID: 29605661 PMCID: PMC5960430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor signaling is critical for prostate adenocarcinoma, even after androgen deprivation therapy. Persistence of intratumoral androgens has been found in castration-resistant prostate cancer and attributed to increased in situ synthesis. Recently, Sharifi and colleagues reported an additional mechanism that can enhance local androgenic exposure: downregulation of an androgen-inactivating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kaochar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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