1
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Lee KW, Ryu KJ, Kim M, Lim S, Kim J, Kim JY, Hwangbo C, Yoo J, Cho YY, Kim KD. RCHY1 and OPTN are required for melanophagy, selective autophagy of melanosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318039121. [PMID: 38536750 PMCID: PMC10998605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318039121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are specific organelles dedicated to melanin synthesis and accumulation in melanocytes. Autophagy is suggestively involved in melanosome degradation, although the potential underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In selective autophagy, autophagy receptors and E3-ligases are the key factors conferring cargo selectivity. In B16F10 cells, β-mangostin efficiently induced melanosome degradation without affecting other organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Among various autophagy receptors, optineurin (OPTN) contributes TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-dependently to melanosome degradation and its knockdown inhibited β-mangostin-mediated melanosome degradation. OPTN translocation to melanosomes was dependent on its ubiquitin-binding domain. Moreover, OPTN-mediated TBK1 activation and subsequent TBK1-mediated S187 OPTN phosphorylation were essential for melanosome degradation. β-mangostin increased K63-linked melanosome ubiquitination. Finally, the E3-ligase RCHY1 knockdown inhibited the melanosome ubiquitination required for OPTN- and TBK1-phosphorylation as well as melanosome degradation. This study suggests that melanophagy, melanosome-selective autophagy, contributes to melanosome degradation, and OPTN and RCHY1 are an essential autophagy receptor and a E3-ligase, respectively, conferring cargo selectivity in melanophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Ki-jun Ryu
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52725, South Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-Do14662, South Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju52828, South Korea
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2
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Jahankhani K, Ahangari F, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Possible cancer-causing capacity of COVID-19: Is SARS-CoV-2 an oncogenic agent? Biochimie 2023; 213:130-138. [PMID: 37230238 PMCID: PMC10202899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term effects, which has claimed many millions of lives since 2019, the long-term complications of this virus are still under investigation. Similar to many oncogenic viruses, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 employs various strategies to cause cancer in different organs. These include leveraging the renin angiotensin system, altering tumor suppressing pathways by means of its nonstructural proteins, and triggering inflammatory cascades by enhancing cytokine production in the form of a "cytokine storm" paving the way for the emergence of cancer stem cells in target organs. Since infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs. Thus, we have reviewed the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the vulnerability and susceptibility of specific organs to cancer development. It is important to note that the cancer-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 proposed in this article are based on the ability of the virus and its proteins to cause cancer but that the long-term consequences of this infection will only be illustrated in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Immune Health Program at Hunter Medical Research Institute and the College of Health and Medicine at the University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Patil PR, Burroughs AM, Misra M, Cerullo F, Costas-Insua C, Hung HC, Dikic I, Aravind L, Joazeiro CAP. Mechanism and evolutionary origins of alanine-tail C-degron recognition by E3 ligases Pirh2 and CRL2-KLHDC10. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113100. [PMID: 37676773 PMCID: PMC10591846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), nascent polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails ("Ala-tails") that function outside ribosomes to induce ubiquitylation by E3 ligases Pirh2 (p53-induced RING-H2 domain-containing) or CRL2 (Cullin-2 RING ligase2)-KLHDC10. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of Ala-tail function using biochemical and in silico approaches. We show that Pirh2 and KLHDC10 directly bind to Ala-tails and that structural predictions identify candidate Ala-tail-binding sites, which we experimentally validate. The degron-binding pockets and specific pocket residues implicated in Ala-tail recognition are conserved among Pirh2 and KLHDC10 homologs, suggesting that an important function of these ligases across eukaryotes is in targeting Ala-tailed substrates. Moreover, we establish that the two Ala-tail-binding pockets have convergently evolved, either from an ancient module of bacterial provenance (Pirh2) or via tinkering of a widespread C-degron-recognition element (KLHDC10). These results shed light on the recognition of a simple degron sequence and the evolution of Ala-tail proteolytic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Rajendra Patil
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Maxwell Burroughs
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Mohit Misra
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Faculty of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Federico Cerullo
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Costas-Insua
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao-Chih Hung
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Faculty of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Claudio A P Joazeiro
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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4
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Traver MS, Bartel B. The ubiquitin-protein ligase MIEL1 localizes to peroxisomes to promote seedling oleosin degradation and lipid droplet mobilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304870120. [PMID: 37410814 PMCID: PMC10629534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304870120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are organelles conserved across eukaryotes that store and release neutral lipids to regulate energy homeostasis. In oilseed plants, fats stored in seed lipid droplets provide fixed carbon for seedling growth before photosynthesis begins. As fatty acids released from lipid droplet triacylglycerol are catabolized in peroxisomes, lipid droplet coat proteins are ubiquitinated, extracted, and degraded. In Arabidopsis seeds, the predominant lipid droplet coat protein is OLEOSIN1 (OLE1). To identify genes modulating lipid droplet dynamics, we mutagenized a line expressing mNeonGreen-tagged OLE1 expressed from the OLE1 promoter and isolated mutants with delayed oleosin degradation. From this screen, we identified four miel1 mutant alleles. MIEL1 (MYB30-interacting E3 ligase 1) targets specific MYB transcription factors for degradation during hormone and pathogen responses [D. Marino et al., Nat. Commun. 4, 1476 (2013); H. G. Lee and P. J. Seo, Nat. Commun. 7, 12525 (2016)] but had not been implicated in lipid droplet dynamics. OLE1 transcript levels were unchanged in miel1 mutants, indicating that MIEL1 modulates oleosin levels posttranscriptionally. When overexpressed, fluorescently tagged MIEL1 reduced oleosin levels, causing very large lipid droplets. Unexpectedly, fluorescently tagged MIEL1 localized to peroxisomes. Our data suggest that MIEL1 ubiquitinates peroxisome-proximal seed oleosins, targeting them for degradation during seedling lipid mobilization. The human MIEL1 homolog (PIRH2; p53-induced protein with a RING-H2 domain) targets p53 and other proteins for degradation and promotes tumorigenesis [A. Daks et al., Cells 11, 1515 (2022)]. When expressed in Arabidopsis, human PIRH2 also localized to peroxisomes, hinting at a previously unexplored role for PIRH2 in lipid catabolism and peroxisome biology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Traver
- Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
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5
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George M, Masamba P, Iwalokun BA, Kappo AP. Zooming into the structure-function of RING finger proteins for anti-cancer therapeutic applications. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2773-2789. [PMID: 37559981 PMCID: PMC10408477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common and widely diagnosed diseases worldwide. With an increase in prevalence and incidence, many studies in cancer biology have been looking at the role pro-cancer proteins play. One of these proteins is the Really Interesting New Gene (RING), which has been studied extensively due to its structure and functions such as apoptosis, neddylation, and its role in ubiquitination. The RING domain is a cysteine-rich domain known to bind Cysteine and Histidine residues. It also binds two zinc ions that help stabilize the protein in various patterns, often with a 'cross-brace' topology. Different RING finger proteins have been studied and found to have suitable targets for developing anti-cancer therapeutics. These identified candidate proteins include Parkin, COP1, MDM2, BARD1, BRCA-1, PIRH2, c-CBL, SIAH1, RBX1 and RNF8. Inhibiting these candidate proteins provides opportunities for shutting down pathways associated with tumour development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary George
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway CampusAuckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priscilla Masamba
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway CampusAuckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bamidele Abiodun Iwalokun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway CampusAuckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Shen J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e288. [PMID: 37256211 PMCID: PMC10225743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted therapy of the p53 signaling pathway is still in its early stages and only a few drugs or treatments have entered clinical trials, the development of new drugs and ongoing clinical trials are expected to lead to the widespread use of p53 signaling-targeted therapy in cancer treatment in the future. TRIAP1 is a novel p53 downstream inhibitor of apoptosis. TRIAP1 is the homolog of yeast mitochondrial intermembrane protein MDM35, which can play a tumor-promoting role by blocking the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work provides a systematic overview of recent basic research and clinical progress in the p53 signaling pathway and proposes that TRIAP1 is an important therapeutic target downstream of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yunan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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7
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Patil PR, Burroughs AM, Misra M, Cerullo F, Dikic I, Aravind L, Joazeiro CAP. Mechanism and evolutionary origins of Alanine-tail C-degron recognition by E3 ligases Pirh2 and CRL2-KLHDC10. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539038. [PMID: 37205381 PMCID: PMC10187211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In Ribosome-associated Quality Control (RQC), nascent-polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails ('Ala-tails') that function outside ribosomes to induce ubiquitylation by Pirh2 or CRL2-KLHDC10 E3 ligases. Here we investigate the molecular basis of Ala-tail function using biochemical and in silico approaches. We show that Pirh2 and KLHDC10 directly bind to Ala-tails, and structural predictions identify candidate Ala-tail binding sites, which we experimentally validate. The degron-binding pockets and specific pocket residues implicated in Ala-tail recognition are conserved among Pirh2 and KLHDC10 homologs, suggesting that an important function of these ligases across eukaryotes is in targeting Ala-tailed substrates. Moreover, we establish that the two Ala-tail binding pockets have convergently evolved, either from an ancient module of bacterial provenance (Pirh2) or via tinkering of a widespread C-degron recognition element (KLHDC10). These results shed light on the recognition of a simple degron sequence and the evolution of Ala-tail proteolytic signaling.
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8
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Wang X, Li Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Jiang C, Chen D, Liu Q, Liu T, Mi W, Yu Y, Dong C. Recognition of an Ala-rich C-degron by the E3 ligase Pirh2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2474. [PMID: 37120596 PMCID: PMC10148881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome-associated quality-control (RQC) pathway degrades aberrant nascent polypeptides arising from ribosome stalling during translation. In mammals, the E3 ligase Pirh2 mediates the degradation of aberrant nascent polypeptides by targeting the C-terminal polyalanine degrons (polyAla/C-degrons). Here, we present the crystal structure of Pirh2 bound to the polyAla/C-degron, which shows that the N-terminal domain and the RING domain of Pirh2 form a narrow groove encapsulating the alanine residues of the polyAla/C-degron. Affinity measurements in vitro and global protein stability assays in cells further demonstrate that Pirh2 recognizes a C-terminal A/S-X-A-A motif for substrate degradation. Taken together, our study provides the molecular basis underlying polyAla/C-degron recognition by Pirh2 and expands the substrate recognition spectrum of Pirh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Li
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenhao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongxing Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanyan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Mi
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Dong
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Costanzo M, De Giglio MAR, Roviello GN. Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097803. [PMID: 37175509 PMCID: PMC10178366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer cells by modulating the central metabolic pathways or hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting the apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven oncogenic viruses are known to promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients to cancer onset and accelerate cancer development. This hypothesis is based on the growing evidence regarding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate oncogenic pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation and causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize the main relationships known to date between virus infection and cancer, providing a summary of the proposed biochemical mechanisms behind the cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA viruses (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, and MCPyV) encode their virus oncogenes. In contrast, RNA viruses (like HCV, HTLV-1) may encode oncogenes or trigger host oncogenes through cis-/-trans activation leading to different types of cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role as an oncogenic virus seems to occur through the inhibition of oncosuppressors or controlling the metabolic and autophagy pathways in the infected cells. However, these effects could be significant in particular scenarios like those linked to severe COVID-19 or long COVID. On the other hand, looking at the SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from an opposite perspective, oncolytic effects and anti-tumor immune response were triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in some cases. In summary, our work aims to recall comprehensive attention from the scientific community to elucidate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and, more in general, β-coronavirus infection on cancer susceptibility for cancer prevention or supporting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Amhaz S, Boëda B, Chouchène M, Colasse S, Dingli F, Loew D, Henri J, Prunier C, Levy L. The UAS thioredoxin-like domain of UBXN7 regulates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of RNF111/Arkadia. BMC Biol 2023; 21:73. [PMID: 37024974 PMCID: PMC10080908 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E3 ubiquitin ligases play critical roles in regulating cellular signaling pathways by inducing ubiquitylation of key components. RNF111/Arkadia is a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that activates TGF-β signaling by inducing ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the transcriptional repressor SKIL/SnoN. In this study, we have sought to identify novel regulators of the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of RNF111 by searching for proteins that specifically interacts with its RING domain. RESULTS We found that UBXN7, a member of the UBA-UBX family, directly interacts with the RING domain of RNF111 or its related E3 RNF165/ARK2C that shares high sequence homology with RNF111. We showed that UBXN7 docks on RNF111 or RNF165 RING domain through its UAS thioredoxin-like domain. Overexpression of UBXN7 or its UAS domain increases endogenous RNF111, while an UBXN7 mutant devoid of UAS domain has no effect. Conversely, depletion of UBXN7 decreases RNF111 protein level. As a consequence, we found that UBXN7 can modulate degradation of the RNF111 substrate SKIL in response to TGF-β signaling. We further unveiled this mechanism of regulation by showing that docking of the UAS domain of UBXN7 inhibits RNF111 ubiquitylation by preventing interaction of the RING domain with the E2 conjugating enzymes. By analyzing the interactome of the UAS domain of UBXN7, we identified that it also interacts with the RING domain of the E3 TOPORS and similarly regulates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity by impairing E2 binding. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that UBXN7 acts as a direct regulator for the E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF111, RNF165, and TOPORS and reveal that a thioredoxin-like domain can dock on specific RING domains to regulate their E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Amhaz
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Batiste Boëda
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mouna Chouchène
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Colasse
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julien Henri
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative - UMR 7238, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Céline Prunier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Laurence Levy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France.
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11
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Chai Z, Li J, Zhu C, Peng Y, Qiu J, Xu J, Liu C. Dihydroartemisinin synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effects of oxaliplatin in colon cancer by targeting the PHB2-RCHY1 mediated signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:293-302. [PMID: 36342357 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has recently attracted increasing attention for its low toxicity and high antitumor activity. DHA has been reported to have synergistic anticancer effects with a variety of drugs in the clinic; however, the molecular mechanism by which DHA inhibits tumorigenesis and improves oxaliplatin cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells is still not well understood. In this study, we found that DHA can inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is a potential target by which DHA exerts its antitumor and cytotoxic effects. The function and molecular mechanism of PHB2 in colon cancer tumorigenesis were fully studied to determine the regulatory mechanism between DHA and PHB2. We found that PHB2, a mitochondrial inner membrane scaffold protein, has a higher expression level in colon cancer tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues and is mainly localized in mitochondria. Overexpression of PHB2 can promote cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and accelerate tumor growth in vivo. We also found that the expression level of PHB2 was inversely related to the cytotoxicity of DHA and oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of PHB2 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy was further studied. The results showed that 20 μM DHA can downregulate PHB2 expression in a ubiquitylation-dependent manner and subsequently block PHB2-induced RCHY1 upregulation and p53 and p21 downregulation. In this process, RCHY1 is necessary for PHB2 to play a tumor-promoting role. Thus, PHB2 and RCHY1 are effective targets for colon cancer therapy, and DHA has synergistic anticancer effects with oxaliplatin via promoting PHB2 degradation in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbin Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jining, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Qiu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Ho TNT, Abraham N, Lewis RJ. Unravelling the allosteric binding mode of αD-VxXXB at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170514. [PMID: 37124228 PMCID: PMC10133702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
αD-conotoxins are 11 kDa homodimers that potently inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) through a non-competitive (allosteric) mechanism. In this study, we describe the allosteric binding mode of the granulin-like C-terminal (CTD) of VxXXB bound to Lymnea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (Ls-AChBP), a soluble homologue of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of nAChRs. This co-crystal complex revealed a novel allosteric binding site for nAChR antagonists outside the C-loop that caps the orthosteric site defined by the nAChR agonist nicotine and the antagonist epibatidine. Mutational and docking studies on Ls-AChBP supported a two-site binding mode for full-length VxXXB, with the first CTD binding site located outside the C-loop as seen in the co-crystal complex, with a second CTD binding site located near the N-terminal end of the adjacent subunit of AChBP. These results provide new structural insight into a novel allosteric mechanism of nAChR inhibition and define the cooperative binding mode of the N-terminal domain linked granulin core domains of αD-conotoxins.
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13
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Downregulation of UBE4B promotes CNS axon regrowth and functional recovery after stroke. iScience 2022; 26:105885. [PMID: 36654858 PMCID: PMC9840934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited intrinsic regrowth capacity of corticospinal axons impedes functional recovery after cortical stroke. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p53 pathways have been identified as the key intrinsic pathways regulating CNS axon regrowth, little is known about the key upstream regulatory mechanism by which these two major pathways control CNS axon regrowth. By screening genes that regulate ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the p53 proteins in mice, we found that ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) represses axonal regrowth in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons. We found that axonal regrowth induced by UBE4B depletion depended on the cooperative activation of p53 and mTOR. Importantly, overexpression of UbV.E4B, a competitive inhibitor of UBE4B, in corticospinal neurons promoted corticospinal axon sprouting and facilitated the recovery of corticospinal axon-dependent function in a cortical stroke model. Thus, our findings provide a translatable strategy for restoring corticospinal tract-dependent functions after cortical stroke.
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14
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Zhao Y, Li J, Chen J, Ye M, Jin X. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in prostate cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1125-1144. [PMID: 35816219 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the prostate gland with a high male cancer incidence. Numerous studies indicate that abnormal function of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is associated with the progression and metastasis of PCa. E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of UPS, determine the specificity of substrates, and substantial advances of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reached recently. Herein, we introduce the structures and functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases-related PCa signaling pathways. In addition, some progresses in the development of inhibitors targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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15
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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16
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Abstract
p53, the guardian of the genome, is a short-lived protein that is tightly controlled at low levels by constant ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in higher organisms. p53 stabilization and activation are early crucial events to cope with external stimuli in cells. However, the role of p53 ubiquitination and its relevant molecular mechanisms have not been addressed in invertebrates. In this study, our findings revealed that both HUWE1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) and TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) could serve as E3 ubiquitin ligases for p53 in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). Moreover, the expression of HUWE1 and TRAF6 was significantly downregulated during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, and therefore the ubiquitination of p53 was interrupted, leading to the activation of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals through p53 accumulation, which eventually suppressed viral invasion in the mud crabs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the p53 ubiquitination simultaneously induced by two E3 ligases in arthropods, which provides a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrates for resistance to viral infection. IMPORTANCE p53, which is a well-known tumor suppressor that has been widely studied in higher animals, has been reported to be tightly controlled at low levels by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. However, recent p53 ubiquitination-relevant research mainly involved an individual E3 ubiquitin ligase, but not whether there exist other mechanisms that need to be explored. The results of this study show that HUWE1 and TRAF6 could serve as p53 E3 ubiquitin ligases and synchronously mediate p53 ubiquitination in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), which confirmed the diversity of the p53 ubiquitination regulatory pathway. In addition, the effects of p53 ubiquitination are mainly focused on tumorigenesis, but a few are focused on the host immune defense in invertebrates. Our findings reveal that p53 ubiquitination could affect ROS and apoptosis signals to cope with WSSV infection in mud crabs, which is the first clarification of the immunologic functions and mechanisms of p53 ubiquitination in invertebrates.
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17
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Márquez-Cantudo L, Ramos A, Coderch C, de Pascual-Teresa B. Proteasomal Degradation of Zn-Dependent Hdacs: The E3-Ligases Implicated and the Designed Protacs That Enable Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185606. [PMID: 34577077 PMCID: PMC8467390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System is one of the main mechanisms of the regulation of cellular proteostasis, and the E3 ligases are the key effectors for the protein recognition and degradation. Many E3 ligases have key roles in cell cycle regulation, acting as checkpoints and checkpoint regulators. One of the many important proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are the members of the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) family. The importance of zinc dependent HDACs in the regulation of chromatin packing and, therefore, gene expression, has made them targets for the design and synthesis of HDAC inhibitors. However, achieving potency and selectivity has proven to be a challenge due to the homology between the zinc dependent HDACs. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimaera (PROTAC) design has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to inhibit and selectively degrade protein targets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the E3 ligases that naturally ubiquitinate HDACs, analyze their structure, and list the known ligands that can bind to these E3 ligases and be used for PROTAC design, as well as the already described HDAC-targeted PROTACs.
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18
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Hernández Borrero LJ, El-Deiry WS. Tumor suppressor p53: Biology, signaling pathways, and therapeutic targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188556. [PMID: 33932560 PMCID: PMC8730328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer with over 100,000 literature citations in PubMed. This is a heavily studied pathway in cancer biology and oncology with a history that dates back to 1979 when p53 was discovered. The p53 pathway is a complex cellular stress response network with multiple diverse inputs and downstream outputs relevant to its role as a tumor suppressor pathway. While inroads have been made in understanding the biology and signaling in the p53 pathway, the p53 family, transcriptional readouts, and effects of an array of mutants, the pathway remains challenging in the realm of clinical translation. While the role of mutant p53 as a prognostic factor is recognized, the therapeutic modulation of its wild-type or mutant activities remain a work-in-progress. This review covers current knowledge about the biology, signaling mechanisms in the p53 pathway and summarizes advances in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J Hernández Borrero
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America; Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America.
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19
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Daks A, Petukhov A, Fedorova O, Shuvalov O, Kizenko A, Tananykina E, Vasileva E, Semenov O, Bottrill A, Barlev N. The RNA-binding protein HuR is a novel target of Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:581. [PMID: 34091597 PMCID: PMC8179929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The RING-finger protein Pirh2 is a p53 family-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. Pirh2 also ubiquitinates several other important cellular factors and is involved in carcinogenesis. However, its functional role in other cellular processes is poorly understood. To address this question, we performed a proteomic search for novel interacting partners of Pirh2. Using the GST-pulldown approach combined with LC-MS/MS, we revealed 225 proteins that interacted with Pirh2. We found that, according to the GO description, a large group of Pirh2-associated proteins belonged to the RNA metabolism group. Importantly, one of the identified proteins from that group was an RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 (HuR), which is involved in the regulation of splicing and protein stability of several oncogenic proteins. We demonstrated that Pirh2 ubiquitinated the HuR protein facilitating its proteasome-mediated degradation in cells. Importantly, the Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR occurred in response to heat shock, thereby affecting the survival rate of HeLa cells under elevated temperature. Functionally, Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR augmented the level of c-Myc expression, whose RNA level is otherwise attenuated by HuR. Taken together, our data indicate that HuR is a new target of Pirh2 and this functional interaction contributes to the heat-shock response of cancer cells affecting their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, 197341, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Kizenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Tananykina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Semenov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew Bottrill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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20
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Stingi A, Cirillo L. SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer: Evidence for and against a role of SARS-CoV-2 in cancer onset. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000289. [PMID: 34081334 PMCID: PMC8209829 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite huge efforts towards understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pathogenesis, little is known about the long‐term consequences of the disease. Here, we critically review existing literature about oncogenesis as a potential long‐term effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Like other viral infections, SARS‐CoV‐2 may promote cancer onset by inhibiting tumor suppressor genes. We conclude that, although unlikely, such hypothesis cannot be excluded a priori and we delineate an experimental approach to address it. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/TBUTDSLR7vY
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Stingi
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Cirillo
- Cancer Biology Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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21
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Genome-wide analysis of RING-type E3 ligase family identifies potential candidates regulating high amylose starch biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:11461. [PMID: 34075092 PMCID: PMC8169666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In ubiquitin-mediated post-translational modifications, RING finger families are emerged as important E3 ligases in regulating biological processes. Amylose and amylopectin are two major constituents of starch in wheat seed endosperm. Studies have been found the beneficial effects of high amylose or resistant starch on health. The ubiquitin-mediated post-translational regulation of key enzymes for amylose/amylopectin biosynthesis (GBSSI and SBEII) is still unknown. In this study, the genome-wide analysis identified 1272 RING domains in 1255 proteins in wheat, which is not reported earlier. The identified RING domains classified into four groups—RING-H2, RING-HC, RING-v, RING-G, based on the amino acid residues (Cys, His) at metal ligand positions and the number of residues between them with the predominance of RING-H2 type. A total of 1238 RING protein genes were found to be distributed across all 21 wheat chromosomes. Among them, 1080 RING protein genes were identified to show whole genome/segmental duplication within the hexaploid wheat genome. In silico expression analysis using transcriptome data revealed 698 RING protein genes, having a possible role in seed development. Based on differential gene expression and correlation analysis of 36 RING protein genes in diverse (high and low) amylose mutants and parent, 10 potential RING protein genes found to be involved in high amylose biosynthesis and significantly associated with two starch biosynthesis genes; GBSSI and SBEIIa. Characterization of mutant lines using next-generation sequencing method identified unique mutations in 698 RING protein genes. This study signifies the putative role of RING-type E3 ligases in amylose biosynthesis and this information will be helpful for further functional validation and its role in other biological processes in wheat.
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22
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Thrun A, Garzia A, Kigoshi-Tansho Y, Patil PR, Umbaugh CS, Dallinger T, Liu J, Kreger S, Patrizi A, Cox GA, Tuschl T, Joazeiro CAP. Convergence of mammalian RQC and C-end rule proteolytic pathways via alanine tailing. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2112-2122.e7. [PMID: 33909987 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Incompletely synthesized nascent chains obstructing large ribosomal subunits are targeted for degradation by ribosome-associated quality control (RQC). In bacterial RQC, RqcH marks the nascent chains with C-terminal alanine (Ala) tails that are directly recognized by proteasome-like proteases, whereas in eukaryotes, RqcH orthologs (Rqc2/NEMF [nuclear export mediator factor]) assist the Ltn1/Listerin E3 ligase in nascent chain ubiquitylation. Here, we study RQC-mediated proteolytic targeting of ribosome stalling products in mammalian cells. We show that mammalian NEMF has an additional, Listerin-independent proteolytic role, which, as in bacteria, is mediated by tRNA-Ala binding and Ala tailing. However, in mammalian cells Ala tails signal proteolysis indirectly, through a pathway that recognizes C-terminal degrons; we identify the CRL2KLHDC10 E3 ligase complex and the novel C-end rule E3, Pirh2/Rchy1, as bona fide RQC pathway components that directly bind to Ala-tailed ribosome stalling products and target them for degradation. As Listerin mutation causes neurodegeneration in mice, functionally redundant E3s may likewise be implicated in molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thrun
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aitor Garzia
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Kigoshi-Tansho
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pratik R Patil
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles S Umbaugh
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Dallinger
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kreger
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annarita Patrizi
- Schaller Research Group Leader at the German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claudio A P Joazeiro
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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23
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Omran Z, H. Dalhat M, Abdullah O, Kaleem M, Hosawi S, A Al-Abbasi F, Wu W, Choudhry H, Alhosin M. Targeting Post-Translational Modifications of the p73 Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081916. [PMID: 33921128 PMCID: PMC8071514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p73 is a member of the p53 family and is expressed as different isoforms with opposing properties. The TAp73 isoforms act as tumor suppressors and have pro-apoptotic effects, whereas the ΔNp73 isoforms lack the N-terminus transactivation domain and behave as oncogenes. The TAp73 protein has a high degree of similarity with both p53 function and structure, and it induces the regulation of various genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Unlike those of the p53 gene, the mutations in the p73 gene are very rare in tumors. Cancer cells have developed several mechanisms to inhibit the activity and/or expression of p73, from the hypermethylation of its promoter to the modulation of the ratio between its pro- and anti-apoptotic isoforms. The p73 protein is also decorated by a panel of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitin proteasomal pathway modifications, and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation, that regulate its transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, and stability. These modifications orchestrate the multiple anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic functions of TAp73, thereby offering multiple promising candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the different pathways implicated in the regulation of TAp73 at the post-translational level. This review also highlights the growing importance of targeting the post-translational modifications of TAp73 as a promising antitumor strategy, regardless of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mahmood H. Dalhat
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Fahd A Al-Abbasi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9795-9354
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24
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Xu Z, Wu W, Yan H, Hu Y, He Q, Luo P. Regulation of p53 stability as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114407. [PMID: 33421376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 participates in the control of key biological functions such as cell death, metabolic homeostasis and immune function, which are closely related to various diseases such as tumors, metabolic disorders, infection and neurodegeneration. The p53 gene is also mutated in approximately 50% of human cancer cells. Mutant p53 proteins escape from the ubiquitination-dependent degradation, gain oncogenic function and promote the carcinogenesis, malignant progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Therefore, the stability of both wild type and mutant p53 needs to be precisely regulated to maintain normal functions and targeting the p53 stability is one of the therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, we focus on compound-induced degradation of p53 by both the ubiquitination-dependent proteasome and autophagy-lysosome degradation pathways. We also review other posttranslational modifications which control the stability of p53 and the biological functions involved in these processes. This review provides the current theoretical basis for the regulation of p53 abundance and its possible applications in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wentong Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Pinto R, Vågbø CB, Jakobsson ME, Kim Y, Baltissen MP, O'Donohue MF, Guzmán UH, Małecki JM, Wu J, Kirpekar F, Olsen JV, Gleizes PE, Vermeulen M, Leidel SA, Slupphaug G, Falnes PØ. The human methyltransferase ZCCHC4 catalyses N6-methyladenosine modification of 28S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:830-846. [PMID: 31799605 PMCID: PMC6954407 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA methylations are essential both for RNA structure and function, and are introduced by a number of distinct methyltransferases (MTases). In recent years, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of eukaryotic mRNA has been subject to intense studies, and it has been demonstrated that m6A is a reversible modification that regulates several aspects of mRNA function. However, m6A is also found in other RNAs, such as mammalian 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), but the responsible MTases have remained elusive. 28S rRNA carries a single m6A modification, found at position A4220 (alternatively referred to as A4190) within a stem–loop structure, and here we show that the MTase ZCCHC4 is the enzyme responsible for introducing this modification. Accordingly, we found that ZCCHC4 localises to nucleoli, the site of ribosome assembly, and that proteins involved in RNA metabolism are overrepresented in the ZCCHC4 interactome. Interestingly, the absence of m6A4220 perturbs codon-specific translation dynamics and shifts gene expression at the translational level. In summary, we establish ZCCHC4 as the enzyme responsible for m6A modification of human 28S rRNA, and demonstrate its functional significance in mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core (PROMEC), NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus E Jakobsson
- Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (NNF-CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yeji Kim
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marijke P Baltissen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ulises H Guzmán
- Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (NNF-CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jędrzej M Małecki
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Jie Wu
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Finn Kirpekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (NNF-CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core (PROMEC), NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Ø Falnes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
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26
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Kobayashi T, Ozu A, Kobayashi S, An G, Jeon JS, Nishizawa NK. OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 transcription factors positively regulate iron deficiency responses in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:471-486. [PMID: 31552586 PMCID: PMC6814640 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Subgroup IVc basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 positively regulate major iron deficiency responses in rice in a similar but distinct manner, putatively under partial control by OsHRZs. Under low iron availability, plants transcriptionally induce the expression of genes involved in iron uptake and translocation. OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 ubiquitin ligases negatively regulate this iron deficiency response in rice. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor OsbHLH060 interacts with OsHRZ1, and positively regulates iron deficiency-inducible genes. However, the functions of three other subgroup IVc bHLH transcription factors in rice, OsbHLH057, OsbHLH058, and OsbHLH059, have not yet been characterized. In the present study, we investigated the functions of OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 related to iron deficiency response. OsbHLH058 expression was repressed under iron deficiency, whereas the expression of OsbHLH057 and OsbHLH060 was moderately induced. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that OsbHLH058 interacts with OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 more strongly than OsbHLH060, whereas OsbHLH059 showed no interaction. An in vitro ubiquitination assay detected no OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH060 ubiquitination by OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsbHLH058 showed tolerance for iron deficiency and higher iron concentration in seeds. These lines also showed enhanced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes involved in iron uptake and translocation under iron-sufficient conditions. Conversely, OsbHLH058 knockdown lines showed susceptibility to iron deficiency and reduced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes. OsbHLH059 knockdown lines were also susceptible to iron deficiency, and formed characteristic brownish regions in iron-deficient new leaves. OsbHLH059 knockdown lines also showed reduced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes. These results indicate that OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 positively regulate major iron deficiency responses in a similar but distinct manner, and that this function may be partially controlled by OsHRZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Asami Ozu
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Subaru Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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27
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Arabidopsis BRUTUS-LIKE E3 ligases negatively regulate iron uptake by targeting transcription factor FIT for recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17584-17591. [PMID: 31413196 PMCID: PMC6717287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907971116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to balance the acquisition of sufficient Fe while preventing a toxic overload differ in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. Identification of specific E3 ligases acting directly on a key transcription factor for Fe uptake in Arabidopsis indicates how this balance is regulated in dicotyledonous plants. The domain structure and function of the E3 ligases show interesting parallels to a distantly related protein regulating Fe homeostasis in mammals. Moreover, the accumulation of Fe in weaker mutant alleles of the E3 ligases could be exploited for biofortification of crops. Organisms need to balance sufficient uptake of iron (Fe) with possible toxicity. In plant roots, a regulon of uptake genes is transcriptionally activated under Fe deficiency, but it is unknown how this response is inactivated when Fe becomes available. Here we describe the function of 2 partially redundant E3 ubiquitin ligases, BRUTUS-LIKE1 (BTSL1) and BTSL2, in Arabidopsis thaliana and provide evidence that they target the transcription factor FIT, a key regulator of Fe uptake, for degradation. The btsl double mutant failed to effectively down-regulate the transcription of genes controlled by FIT, and accumulated toxic levels of Fe in roots and leaves. The C-terminal domains of BTSL1 and BTSL2 exhibited E3 ligase activity, and interacted with FIT but not its dimeric partner bHLH39. The BTSL proteins were able to poly-ubiquitinate FIT in vitro and promote FIT degradation in vivo. Thus, posttranslational control of FIT is critical to prevent excess Fe uptake.
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28
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Cui ZJ, Zhou XH, Zhang HY. DNA Methylation Module Network-Based Prognosis and Molecular Typing of Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080571. [PMID: 31357729 PMCID: PMC6722866 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving cancer prognosis and molecular typing is critical for cancer treatment. Previous studies have identified some gene signatures for the prognosis and typing of cancer based on gene expression data. Some studies have shown that DNA methylation is associated with cancer development, progression, and metastasis. In addition, DNA methylation data are more stable than gene expression data in cancer prognosis. Therefore, in this work, we focused on DNA methylation data. Some prior researches have shown that gene modules are more reliable in cancer prognosis than are gene signatures and that gene modules are not isolated. However, few studies have considered cross-talk among the gene modules, which may allow some important gene modules for cancer to be overlooked. Therefore, we constructed a gene co-methylation network based on the DNA methylation data of cancer patients, and detected the gene modules in the co-methylation network. Then, by permutation testing, cross-talk between every two modules was identified; thus, the module network was generated. Next, the core gene modules in the module network of cancer were identified using the K-shell method, and these core gene modules were used as features to study the prognosis and molecular typing of cancer. Our method was applied in three types of cancer (breast invasive carcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma). Based on the core gene modules identified by the constructed DNA methylation module networks, we can distinguish not only the prognosis of cancer patients but also use them for molecular typing of cancer. These results indicated that our method has important application value for the diagnosis of cancer and may reveal potential carcinogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jia Cui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiong-Hui Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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29
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Nielsen LD, Foged MM, Albert A, Bertelsen AB, Søltoft CL, Robinson SD, Petersen SV, Purcell AW, Olivera BM, Norton RS, Vasskog T, Safavi-Hemami H, Teilum K, Ellgaard L. The three-dimensional structure of an H-superfamily conotoxin reveals a granulin fold arising from a common ICK cysteine framework. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8745-8759. [PMID: 30975904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous marine cone snails produce peptide toxins (conotoxins) that bind ion channels and receptors with high specificity and therefore are important pharmacological tools. Conotoxins contain conserved cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds that stabilize their structures. To gain structural insight into the large, yet poorly characterized conotoxin H-superfamily, we used NMR and CD spectroscopy along with MS-based analyses to investigate H-Vc7.2 from Conus victoriae, a peptide with a VI/VII cysteine framework. This framework has CysI-CysIV/CysII-CysV/CysIII-CysVI connectivities, which have invariably been associated with the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold. However, the solution structure of recombinantly expressed and purified H-Vc7.2 revealed that although it displays the expected cysteine connectivities, H-Vc7.2 adopts a different fold consisting of two stacked β-hairpins with opposing β-strands connected by two parallel disulfide bonds, a structure homologous to the N-terminal region of the human granulin protein. Using structural comparisons, we subsequently identified several toxins and nontoxin proteins with this "mini-granulin" fold. These findings raise fundamental questions concerning sequence-structure relationships within peptides and proteins and the key determinants that specify a given fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau D Nielsen
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Mads M Foged
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | | | - Andreas B Bertelsen
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Cecilie L Søltoft
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Samuel D Robinson
- the Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Steen V Petersen
- the Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | | | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Terje Vasskog
- the Norut Northern Research Institute, 9294 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark.,the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Kaare Teilum
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Lars Ellgaard
- From the Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark,
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30
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Kobayashi T, Nozoye T, Nishizawa NK. Iron transport and its regulation in plants. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:11-20. [PMID: 30385345 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for plants as well as other organisms, functioning in various cellular processes, including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. Plants take up iron from soil in which iron solubility is extremely low especially under aerobic conditions at high-pH range. Therefore, plants have evolved efficient iron-uptake mechanisms. Because iron is prone to being precipitated and excess ionic iron is cytotoxic, plants also have sophisticated internal iron-transport mechanisms. These transport mechanisms comprise iron chelators including nicotianamine, mugineic acid family phytosiderophores and citrate, and various types of transporters of these chelators, iron-chelate complexes, or free iron ions. To maintain iron homeostasis, plants have developed mechanisms for regulating gene expression in response to iron availability. Expression of various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation is induced under iron deficiency by transcription factor networks and is negatively regulated by the ubiquitin ligase HRZ/BTS. This response is deduced to be mediated by cellular iron sensing as well as long-distance iron signaling. The ubiquitin ligase HRZ/BTS is a candidate intracellular iron sensor because it binds to iron and zinc, and its activity is affected by iron availability. The iron-excess response of plants is thought to be partially independent of the iron-deficiency response. In this review, we summarize and discuss extant knowledge of plant iron transport and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nozoye
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, 1518 Kamikurata-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8539, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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31
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Khan MR, Bukhari I, Khan R, Hussain HMJ, Wu M, Thorne RF, Li J, Liu G. TP53LNC-DB, the database of lncRNAs in the p53 signalling network. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2019; 2019:5277247. [PMID: 30624647 PMCID: PMC6323480 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 gene product, p53, is a pleiotropic transcription factor induced by stress, which functions to promote cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. Genome-wide profiling has revealed an extensive system of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that is integral to the p53 signalling network. As a research tool, we implemented a public access database called TP53LNC-DB that annotates currently available information relating lncRNAs to p53 signalling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- Joint Centre for Human Reproduction and Genetics. Anhui Society for Cell Biology. School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- Joint Centre for Human Reproduction and Genetics. Anhui Society for Cell Biology. School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Niazi S, Purohit M, Niazi JH. Role of p53 circuitry in tumorigenesis: A brief review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:7-24. [PMID: 30199707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity under the stressed condition is paramount for normal functioning of cells in the multicellular organisms. Cells are programmed to protect their genome through specialized adaptive mechanisms which will help decide their fate under stressed conditions. These mechanisms are the outcome of activation of the intricate circuitries that are regulated by the p53 master protein. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive review on p53, p53 homologues and their isoforms, including a description about the ubiquitin-proteasome system emphasizing its role in p53 regulation. p53 induced E3(Ub)-ligases are an integral part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review outlines the roles of important E3(Ub)-ligases and their splice variants in maintaining cellular p53 protein homeostasis. It also covers up-to-date and relevant information on small molecule Mdm2 inhibitors originated from different organizations. The review ends with a discussion on future prospects and investigation directives for the development of next-generation modulators as p53 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraj Niazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Madhusudan Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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33
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Wang D, Ma L, Wang B, Liu J, Wei W. E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer and implications for therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:683-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Roche DB, Viet PD, Bakulina A, Hirsh L, Tosatto SCE, Kajava AV. Classification of β-hairpin repeat proteins. J Struct Biol 2017; 201:130-138. [PMID: 29017817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of new protein structures that possess tandem repeats have emerged. Many of these proteins are comprised of tandem arrays of β-hairpins. Today, the amount and variety of the data on these β-hairpin repeat (BHR) structures have reached a level that requires detailed analysis and further classification. In this paper, we classified the BHR proteins, compared structures, sequences of repeat motifs, functions and distribution across the major taxonomic kingdoms of life and within organisms. As a result, we identified six different BHR folds in tandem repeat proteins of Class III (elongated structures) and one BHR fold (up-and-down β-barrel) in Class IV ("closed" structures). Our survey reveals the high incidence of the BHR proteins among bacteria and viruses and their possible relationship to the structures of amyloid fibrils. It indicates that BHR folds will be an attractive target for future structural studies, especially in the context of age-related amyloidosis and emerging infectious diseases. This work allowed us to update the RepeatsDB database, which contains annotated tandem repeat protein structures and to construct sequence profiles based on BHR structural alignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Cedex 5, Montpellier 34293, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Phuong Do Viet
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Cedex 5, Montpellier 34293, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Anastasia Bakulina
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Layla Hirsh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy; Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Silvio C E Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Cedex 5, Montpellier 34293, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Abstract
To prevent tumorigenesis, p53 stimulates transcription by facilitating the recruitment of the transcription machinery on target gene promoters. Cryo-Electron Microscopy studies on p53-bound RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) reveal that p53 structurally regulates Pol II to affect its DNA binding and elongation, providing new insights into p53-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Liu
- a Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Robert A Coleman
- a Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Sameer K Singh
- a Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
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36
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Wallenhammar A, Anandapadamanaban M, Lemak A, Mirabello C, Lundström P, Wallner B, Sunnerhagen M. Solution NMR structure of the TRIM21 B-box2 and identification of residues involved in its interaction with the RING domain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181551. [PMID: 28753623 PMCID: PMC5533445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins are defined by the sequential arrangement of RING, B-box and coiled-coil domains (RBCC), where the B-box domain is a unique feature of the TRIM protein family. TRIM21 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in innate immune signaling by acting as an autoantigen and by modifying interferon regulatory factors. Here we report the three-dimensional solution structure of the TRIM21 B-box2 domain by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure of the B-box2 domain, comprising TRIM21 residues 86-130, consists of a short α-helical segment with an N-terminal short β-strand and two anti-parallel β-strands jointly found the core, and adopts a RING-like fold. This ββαβ core largely defines the overall fold of the TRIM21 B-box2 and the coordination of one Zn2+ ion stabilizes the tertiary structure of the protein. Using NMR titration experiments, we have identified an exposed interaction surface, a novel interaction patch where the B-box2 is likely to bind the N-terminal RING domain. Our structure together with comparisons with other TRIM B-box domains jointly reveal how its different surfaces are employed for various modular interactions, and provides extended understanding of how this domain relates to flanking domains in TRIM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Wallenhammar
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Lemak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudio Mirabello
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Lundström
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Wallner
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Sunnerhagen
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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37
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Birkou M, Chasapis CT, Marousis KD, Loutsidou AK, Bentrop D, Lelli M, Herrmann T, Carthy JM, Episkopou V, Spyroulias GA. A Residue Specific Insight into the Arkadia E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity and Conformational Plasticity. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2373-2386. [PMID: 28647409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arkadia (Rnf111) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a central role in the amplification of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling responses by targeting for degradation the negative regulators of the pathway, Smad6 and Smad7, and the nuclear co-repressors Ski and Skil (SnoN). Arkadia's function in vivo depends on the really interesting new gene (RING)-H2 interaction with the E2 enzyme UbcH5b in order to ligate ubiquitin chains on its substrates. A conserved tryptophan (W972) in the C-terminal α-helix is widely accepted as essential for E2 recruitment and interaction and thus also for E3 enzymatic activity. The present NMR-driven study provides an atomic-level investigation of the structural and dynamical properties of two W972 Arkadia RING mutants, attempting to illuminate for the first time the differences between a functional and a nonfunctional mutant W972A and W972R, respectively. A TGF-β-responsive promoter driving luciferase was used to assay for Arkadia function in vivo. These experiments showed that the Arkadia W972A mutant has the same activity as wild-type (WT) Arkadia in enhancing TGF-β signaling responses, while W972R does not. Only minor structural differences exist between the W972A RING domain and WT-RING. In contrast, the W972R mutant hardly interacts with E2. The loss of function correlates with structural changes in the C-terminal α-helix and an increase in the distance between the Zn(II) ions. Our data show that the position occupied by W972 within WT Arkadia is critical for the function of RING and that it depends on the nature of the residue at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Birkou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Detlef Bentrop
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, UMR 5280 CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsten Herrmann
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, UMR 5280 CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonathon M Carthy
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vasso Episkopou
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes, London W12 0NN, UK.
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38
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High Expression of Pirh2 is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Glioma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1501-1509. [PMID: 28258514 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
p53-induced protein with a RING-H2 domain (Pirh2), also known as Rchy1, is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates the turnover and functionality of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death. However, it remains unclear whether aberrant expression of Pirh2 is involved in the development of glioma, a major type of primary brain tumor in adults. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that Pirh2 was highly expressed in glioma specimens, compared with normal brain tissues. High Pirh2 expression was positively correlated with higher tumor grade, as well as Ki-67 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high Pirh2 expression had worsened prognosis, compared with those with low Pirh2 expression. Moreover, to determine whether Pirh2 could regulate malignant behavior of glioma cells, we transfected glioma cells with interfering RNA targeting Pirh2 to specifically silence Pirh2 expression. Mechanistically, our results indicated that knockdown of Pirh2 induced the apoptosis of glioma cells. In addition, depletion of Pirh2 diminished the expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 and led to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Taken together, these findings for the first time suggest that Pirh2 might play an important role in the regulation of glioma proliferation and apoptosis and thus serve as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of glioma.
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39
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Essential Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in p53 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020442. [PMID: 28218667 PMCID: PMC5343976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination pathway and proteasomal degradation machinery dominantly regulate p53 tumor suppressor protein stability, localization, and functions in both normal and cancerous cells. Selective E3 ubiquitin ligases dominantly regulate protein levels and activities of p53 in a large range of physiological conditions and in response to cellular changes induced by exogenous and endogenous stresses. The regulation of p53’s functions by E3 ubiquitin ligases is a complex process that can lead to positive or negative regulation of p53 protein in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. Accessory proteins bind and modulate E3 ubiquitin ligases, adding yet another layer of regulatory control for p53 and its downstream functions. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of p53 regulation by selective E3 ubiquitin ligases and their potential to be considered as a new class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diverse types of cancers.
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40
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Kamada R, Toguchi Y, Nomura T, Imagawa T, Sakaguchi K. Tetramer formation of tumor suppressor protein p53: Structure, function, and applications. Biopolymers 2017; 106:598-612. [PMID: 26572807 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetramer formation of p53 is essential for its tumor suppressor function. p53 not only acts as a tumor suppressor protein by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress, but it also regulates other cellular processes, including autophagy, stem cell self-renewal, and reprogramming of differentiated cells into stem cells, immune system, and metastasis. More than 50% of human tumors have TP53 gene mutations, and most of them are missense mutations that presumably reduce tumor suppressor activity of p53. This review focuses on the role of the tetramerization (oligomerization), which is modulated by the protein concentration of p53, posttranslational modifications, and/or interactions with its binding proteins, in regulating the tumor suppressor function of p53. Functional control of p53 by stabilizing or inhibiting oligomer formation and its bio-applications are also discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 598-612, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kamada
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Toguchi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takao Nomura
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Imagawa
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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41
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p53 Proteoforms and Intrinsic Disorder: An Illustration of the Protein Structure-Function Continuum Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111874. [PMID: 27834926 PMCID: PMC5133874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is one of the most studied proteins, p53 continues to be an enigma. This protein has numerous biological functions, possesses intrinsically disordered regions crucial for its functionality, can form both homo-tetramers and isoform-based hetero-tetramers, and is able to interact with many binding partners. It contains numerous posttranslational modifications, has several isoforms generated by alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage or alternative initiation of translation, and is commonly mutated in different cancers. Therefore, p53 serves as an important illustration of the protein structure–function continuum concept, where the generation of multiple proteoforms by various mechanisms defines the ability of this protein to have a multitude of structurally and functionally different states. Considering p53 in the light of a proteoform-based structure–function continuum represents a non-canonical and conceptually new contemplation of structure, regulation, and functionality of this important protein.
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42
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Daks A, Petukhov A, Fedorova O, Shuvalov O, Merkulov V, Vasileva E, Antonov A, Barlev NA. E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 enhances tumorigenic properties of human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:383-393. [PMID: 28191284 PMCID: PMC5302039 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The product of RCHY1 human gene, Pirh2, is a RING-finger containing E3 ligase that modifies p53 with ubiquitin residues resulting in its subsequent degradation in proteasomes. Transcription of RCHY1 is regulated by p53 itself thus forming a negative regulatory feedback loop. Functionally, by eliminating p53, Pirh2 facilitates tumorigenesis. However, the role of Pirh2 in cancer cells lacking p53 is yet not well understood. Therefore, we decided to elucidate the role of Pirh2 in p53-negative human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, H1299. We found that ectopic expression of Pirh2 enhanced cell proliferation, resistance to doxorubicin, and increased migration potential. Ablation of Pirh2 by specific shRNA reversed these phenotypes. Mechanistically, Pirh2 increased mRNA and protein levels of the c-Myc oncogene. The bioinformatics data indicate that co-expression of both c-Myc and Pirh2 strongly correlated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that Pirh2 can be considered as a potential pharmacological target for developing anticancer therapies to treat p53-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, St Petersburg, Russia.,National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy Merkulov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
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43
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Matthiadis A, Long TA. Further insight into BRUTUS domain composition and functionality. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1204508. [PMID: 27359166 PMCID: PMC5022407 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1204508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BRUTUS (BTS) is a hemerythrin (HHE) domain containing E3 ligase that facilitates the degradation of POPEYE-like (PYEL) proteins in a proteasomal-dependent manner. Deletion of BTS HHE domains enhances BTS stability in the presence of iron and also complements loss of BTS function, suggesting that the HHE domains are critical for protein stability but not for enzymatic function. The RING E3 domain plays an essential role in BTS' capacity to both interact with PYEL proteins and to act as an E3 ligase. Here we show that removal of the RING domain does not complement loss of BTS function. We conclude that enzymatic activity of BTS via the RING domain is essential for response to iron deficiency in plants. Further, we analyze possible BTS domain structure evolution and predict that the combination of domains found in BTS is specific to photosynthetic organisms, potentially indicative of a role for BTS and its orthologs in mitigating the iron-related challenges presented by photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matthiadis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Terri A. Long
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- CONTACT Terri A. Long , 1North Carolina State University, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Raleigh, NC, USA
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44
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Stojanova A, Tu WB, Ponzielli R, Kotlyar M, Chan PK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Raught B, Penn LZ. MYC interaction with the tumor suppressive SWI/SNF complex member INI1 regulates transcription and cellular transformation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1693-705. [PMID: 27267444 PMCID: PMC4957596 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a key driver of cellular transformation and is deregulated in most human cancers. Studies of MYC and its interactors have provided mechanistic insight into its role as a regulator of gene transcription. MYC has been previously linked to chromatin regulation through its interaction with INI1 (SMARCB1/hSNF5/BAF47), a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. INI1 is a potent tumor suppressor that is inactivated in several types of cancers, most prominently as the hallmark alteration in pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumors. However, the molecular and functional interaction of MYC and INI1 remains unclear. Here, we characterize the MYC-INI1 interaction in mammalian cells, mapping their minimal binding domains to functionally significant regions of MYC (leucine zipper) and INI1 (repeat motifs), and demonstrating that the interaction does not interfere with MYC-MAX interaction. Protein-protein interaction network analysis expands the MYC-INI1 interaction to the SWI/SNF complex and a larger network of chromatin regulatory complexes. Genome-wide analysis reveals that the DNA-binding regions and target genes of INI1 significantly overlap with those of MYC. In an INI1-deficient rhabdoid tumor system, we observe that with re-expression of INI1, MYC and INI1 bind to common target genes and have opposing effects on gene expression. Functionally, INI1 re-expression suppresses cell proliferation and MYC-potentiated transformation. Our findings thus establish the antagonistic roles of the INI1 and MYC transcriptional regulators in mediating cellular and oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Stojanova
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - William B Tu
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Romina Ponzielli
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Pak-Kei Chan
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Fereshteh Khosravi
- b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,d Department of Computer Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Linda Z Penn
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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45
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Vijayakumaran R, Tan KH, Miranda PJ, Haupt S, Haupt Y. Regulation of Mutant p53 Protein Expression. Front Oncol 2015; 5:284. [PMID: 26734569 PMCID: PMC4681805 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, p53 has been detected in cancer biopsies by virtue of its high protein expression level which is considered indicative of mutation. Surprisingly, however, mouse genetic studies revealed that mutant p53 is inherently labile, similar to its wild type (wt) counterpart. Consistently, in response to stress conditions, both wt and mutant p53 accumulate in cells. While wt p53 returns to basal level following recovery from stress, mutant p53 remains stable. In part, this can be explained in mutant p53-expressing cells by the lack of an auto-regulatory loop with Mdm2 and other negative regulators, which are pivotal for wt p53 regulation. Further, additional protective mechanisms are acquired by mutant p53, largely mediated by the co-chaperones and their paralogs, the stress-induced heat shock proteins. Consequently, mutant p53 is accumulated in cancer cells in response to chronic stress and this accumulation is critical for its oncogenic gain of functions (GOF). Building on the extensive knowledge regarding wt p53, the regulation of mutant p53 is unraveling. In this review, we describe the current understanding on the major levels at which mutant p53 is regulated. These include the regulation of p53 protein levels by microRNA and by enzymes controlling p53 proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Kah Hin Tan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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46
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Bridoux L, Deneyer N, Bergiers I, Rezsohazy R. Molecular Analysis of the HOXA2-Dependent Degradation of RCHY1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141347. [PMID: 26496426 PMCID: PMC4619689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Hoxa2 interacts with the RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligase RCHY1 and induces its proteasomal degradation. In this work, we dissected this non-transcriptional activity of Hoxa2 at the molecular level. The Hoxa2-mediated decay of RCHY1 involves both the 19S and 20S proteasome complexes. It relies on both the Hoxa2 homeodomain and C-terminal moiety although no single deletion in the Hoxa2 sequence could disrupt the RCHY1 interaction. That the Hoxa2 homeodomain alone could mediate RCHY1 binding is consistent with the shared ability all the Hox proteins we tested to interact with RCHY1. Nonetheless, the ability to induce RCHY1 degradation although critically relying on the homeodomain is not common to all Hox proteins. This identifies the homeodomain as necessary but not sufficient for what appears to be an almost generic Hox protein activity. Finally we provide evidence that the Hoxa2-induced degradation of RCHY1 is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. These data therefore support the hypothesis that the molecular and functional interaction between Hox proteins and RCHY1 is an ancestral Hox property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bridoux
- From the Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group (AMCB), Life Sciences Institute (ISV), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Noémie Deneyer
- From the Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group (AMCB), Life Sciences Institute (ISV), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Bergiers
- From the Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group (AMCB), Life Sciences Institute (ISV), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - René Rezsohazy
- From the Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group (AMCB), Life Sciences Institute (ISV), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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47
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Mendoza M, Mandani G, Momand J. The MDM2 gene family. Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:9-19. [PMID: 25372739 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2013-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MDM2 is an oncoprotein that blocks p53 tumor suppressor-mediated transcriptional transactivation, escorts p53 from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm, and polyubiquitylates p53. Polyubiquitylated p53 is rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm by the 26S proteasome. MDM2 is abnormally upregulated in several types of cancers, especially those of mesenchymal origin. MDM4 is a homolog of MDM2 that also inhibits p53 by blocking p53-mediated transactivation. MDM4 is required for MDM2-mediated polyubiquitylated of p53 and is abnormally upregulated in several cancer types. MDM2 and MDM4 genes have been detected in all vertebrates to date and only a single gene homolog, named MDM, has been detected in some invertebrates. MDM2, MDM4, and MDM have similar gene structures, suggesting that MDM2 and MDM4 arose through a duplication event more than 440 million years ago. All members of this small MDM2 gene family contain a single really interesting new gene (RING) domain (with the possible exception of lancelet MDM) which places them in the RING-domain superfamily. Similar to MDM2, the vast majority of proteins with RING domains are E3 ubiquitin ligases. Other RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases that target p53 are COP1, Pirh2, and MSL2. In this report, we present evidence that COP1, Pirh2, and MSL2 evolved independently of MDM2 and MDM4. We also show, through structure homology models of invertebrate MDM RING domains, that MDM2 is more evolutionarily conserved than MDM4.
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48
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Human Pirh2 is a novel inhibitor of prototype foamy virus replication. Viruses 2015; 7:1668-84. [PMID: 25848801 PMCID: PMC4411673 DOI: 10.3390/v7041668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is a member of the unconventional and nonpathogenic retroviruses. PFV causes lifelong chronic infections, which are partially attributable to a number of host cell factors that restrict viral replication. Herein, we identified human p53-induced RING-H2 protein (Pirh2) as a novel inhibitor of prototype foamy virus. Overexpression of Pirh2 decreased the replication of PFV, whereas knockdown of Pirh2 with specific siRNA increased PFV replication. Dual-luciferase assays and coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that Pirh2 negatively influences the Tas-dependent transcriptional activation of the PFV long terminal repeat (LTR) and internal promoter (IP) by interacting with the transactivator Tas and down-regulating its expression. In addition, the viral inhibitory function of Pirh2 is N-terminal and RING domain dependent. Together, these results indicated that Pirh2 suppresses PFV replication by negatively impacting its transactivator Tas and the transcription of two viral promoters, which may contribute to the latency of PFV infection.
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49
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Brinkmann K, Schell M, Hoppe T, Kashkar H. Regulation of the DNA damage response by ubiquitin conjugation. Front Genet 2015; 6:98. [PMID: 25806049 PMCID: PMC4354423 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, cells activate a highly conserved and complex kinase-based signaling network, commonly referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR), to safeguard genomic integrity. The DDR consists of a set of tightly regulated events, including detection of DNA damage, accumulation of DNA repair factors at the site of damage, and finally physical repair of the lesion. Upon overwhelming damage the DDR provokes detrimental cellular actions by involving the apoptotic machinery and inducing a coordinated demise of the damaged cells (DNA damage-induced apoptosis, DDIA). These diverse actions involve transcriptional activation of several genes that govern the DDR. Moreover, recent observations highlighted the role of ubiquitylation in orchestrating the DDR, providing a dynamic cellular regulatory circuit helping to guarantee genomic stability and cellular homeostasis (Popovic et al., 2014). One of the hallmarks of human cancer is genomic instability (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Not surprisingly, deregulation of the DDR can lead to human diseases, including cancer, and can induce resistance to genotoxic anti-cancer therapy (Lord and Ashworth, 2012). Here, we summarize the role of ubiquitin-signaling in the DDR with special emphasis on its role in cancer and highlight the therapeutic value of the ubiquitin-conjugation machinery as a target in anti-cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Brinkmann
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schell
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of CologneCologne, Germany
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Niazi S, Purohit M. Rational design of promiscuous binding modulators of p53 inducing E3(Ub)-ligases (Mdm2 and Pirh2) as anticancer agents: an in silico approach. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twelve promiscuous binding p53 inducing E3(Ub) ligases (Mdm2 and Pirh2) hit candidates have been identified by structure based virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraj Niazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru-570015
- India
| | - Madhusudan Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru-570015
- India
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